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-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/announce.txt50
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.doc523
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.faq67
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.htm240
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arwindoc.tex118
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/changes.txt2074
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/changes2.txt378
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/hebrew.305171
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/install.txt176
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/kashmiri.tex123
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/lppl.txt318
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/malay.tex61
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/miktex.mai93
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/readme.305155
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/readme.txt92
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/sindhi.tex156
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/tetex.txt9995
-rw-r--r--language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/uighur.tex121
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diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/announce.txt b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/announce.txt
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+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ArabTeX Version 3.11 is available
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+As of today, Oct. 23, 2003, a new version 3.11 of ArabTeX is available
+by FTP from "ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de" (129.69.211.2).
+The package resides in "/pub/arabtex/", see the file "arabtex.htm".
+
+This server always carries the current version; in case of doubt check
+the version number and the date of the file /pub/arabtex/apatch.sty.
+To receive a status report you may also send an empty Email message to
+"arabtex@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de".
+
+Please observe that we are *not* the same as the (old) "Stuttgart server"!
+
+The identical package is also available from the CTAN server network:
+
+ ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/languages/arabtex/ (UK)
+ ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/languages/arabtex/ (Germany)
+ ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/languages/arabtex/ (USA)
+
+ArabTeX is a TeX macro package with associated Naskh fonts designed to
+generate the Arabic writing from texts coded in an ASCII transliteration
+as well as in some other popular encodings for Arabic and Hebrew, e.g.
+ASMO 449, ISO 8859-6 (ASMO 708), Arabic Windows encoding, and HED.
+It is compatible with Plain TeX, LaTeX, NFSS, and the EDMAC package.
+It also cooperates well with LaTeX 2e of June 1996 or later.
+There is some support for Persian, Urdu, Pashto, and Sindhi.
+Unicode Arabic and Hebrew support is present but not extensively tested.
+
+The version 3.11 supports vowelized and non-vowelized Hebrew, and
+bidirectional line-breaking within insertions. The former limitation
+that an insertion must fit on the current line no more exists.
+
+For information on updates, see the file "changes.txt".
+
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Prof. Klaus Lagally
+ Institut fuer Formale Methoden der Informatik
+ Universitaet Stuttgart
+ Universitaetsstrasse 38
+ D-70569 Stuttgart
+ GERMANY
+
+ lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+ FAX: +49 - 711 - 7816 370
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (c) 1990 - 2003, Klaus Lagally
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.doc b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.doc
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+arabtex.doc 20.11.1993
+ A r a b T e X Version 3
+ ========================
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+The introduction below is slightly out of date
+but may be used as a first start.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+arabtex.doc 05.11.1992
+ A r a b T e X Version 2
+ ========================
+
+What is ArabTeX?
+================
+
+ArabTeX is a package extending the capabilities of TeX/LaTeX to generate
+the arabic writing from an ASCII transliteration for texts in several
+languages using the arabic script.
+
+It consists of a TeX macro package and an arabic font in several sizes,
+presently only available in the Naskhi style. ArabTeX will run with Plain
+TeX and also with LaTeX; other additions to TeX have not been tried.
+
+ArabTeX is primarily intended for generating the arabic writing, but the
+scientific transcription can be also easily generated. For other languages
+using the arabic script limited support is available.
+
+
+Installing ArabTeX:
+===================
+
+The installation procedure is system dependent. You have to install the
+"nash14" font with its "*.pk" and "*.tfm" files on the font search path of
+your TeX system, and the "*.sty" files and "arabtex.tex" on the source
+search path of your system. Possibly you will have to rename the "*.pk"
+files according to local conventions, and as a last resort you can try to
+recreate the font from the "*.mf" METAFONT sources. Additional fonts if
+available are installed analogously.
+
+
+Activating ArabTeX:
+===================
+
+With Plain TeX, load the ArabTeX macros by "\input arabtex". With LaTeX,
+include the option "arabtex" in the document header. In both cases several
+additional files will be loaded automatically.
+
+ArabTeX defines several additional commands as indicated below, and also a
+large number of internal commands which could lead to storage overflow in
+a small TeX implementation. All internal commands contain an "at" sign <@>
+in their names and thus should not interfere with any user defined
+commands (but possibly with TeX extensions we do not know about).
+
+With Plain TeX, the arabic font is only available at the normal 14 point
+size which ought to cooperate well with the "cm" fonts at 10 points. For
+other sizes, change the "\magnification" or define additional font
+identifiers yourself. To change the default, inspect "arabtex.tex" and
+redefine the "\pnash" command accordingly. With LaTeX, the size changing
+commands will also operate on the arabic font.
+
+
+Input to ArabTeX:
+=================
+
+After activating ArabTeX, your modified TeX/LaTeX system will recognize
+the following items:
+
+- normal TeX/LaTeX text and commands,
+
+- short arabic quotations bracketed by < and >; these must fit on one
+ line of output, and you have to select one of the Arabic writing styles,
+ e.g \setarab, before using this feature. A quotation may also be started
+ with \<.
+
+- longer arabic texts bracketed by \begin{arabtext} and \end{arabtext},
+ called "Arabic Environments" in the sequel.
+
+An Arabic Environment consists of one or several paragraphs separated by
+blank lines or \par commands. Every paragraph and every arabic quotation
+is a sequence of the following kinds of items, separated by blank spaces
+or newlines:
+
+- isolated (legal) special characters, interpreted as the corresponding
+ arabic special character;
+
+- "numbers", character sequences starting with a digit. A "number" will be
+ translated in the normal writing sequence from left to right even if it
+ contains letters and/or special characters;
+
+- "arabic quotes", coded as two left quotes or two right quotes each;
+
+- "words", character sequences starting with a letter or special character
+ followed by a letter. The (coded) characters of a word will in the
+ output be arranged from right to left.
+
+- TeX/LaTeX control sequences WITHOUT parameters. These will be executed
+ immediately.
+
+- ArabTeX control sequences with or without parameters. These will be
+ executed immediately.
+
+- a sequence of items enclosed in curly braces { and }. The output from
+ the constituents will be arranged from right to left and must fit on one
+ output line. As far as TeX is concerned, this is NO group. This feature
+ may not be nested.
+
+Output from all items will be arranged from right to left, lines will be
+broken as necessary.
+
+Inside an Arabic Environment, but NOT in an arabic quotation, you may also
+have:
+
+- short mathematical insertions, bracketed by SINGLE $ signs. They must
+ fit on one output line and are processed as usual;
+
+- short non-arabic text quotations, bracketed by < and >. These must fit
+ on one output line and introduce a new level of grouping, so if they
+ contain any TeX/LaTeX assignments the effects of these will be local.
+
+Control sequences in an Arabic Environment may be of the following kinds:
+
+- ArabTeX option changing commands. These may also be used outside an
+ Arabic Environment and generally have a global effect;
+
+- \\ for a new line;
+
+- \par (or a blank line) for a new paragraph, \noindent for a new paragraph
+ without indentation (NOT in arabic quotations);
+
+- \emphasize <item> will put a bar over the next <item>;
+
+- \setnash, \setnashbf, \setnastaliq font selection commands, see below;
+
+- size changing LaTeX commands like \large etc., only if you use LaTeX;
+
+- most other TeX/LaTeX commands make no sense in an Arabic Environment.
+
+- you MUST NOT nest another LaTeX environment inside an Arabic Environment
+ (except possibly display math which we did not test, and might work);
+
+- if you really need to use a control sequence with parameters, define a
+ new TeX macro or enclose the whole construct in curly braces { and }.
+
+
+Font selection:
+===============
+
+For space economy, only the Naskh font is available by default. With LaTeX,
+additional fonts can be loaded by the document style options "nashbf"
+and/or "nastaliq" (when available). Users of Plain TeX can load and define
+suitable fonts themselves.
+
+The following font selection commands are available:
+
+- \setnash (default) selects the Naskh font.
+
+- \setnashbf selects a bold-face version of Naskh.
+
+- \setnastaliq selects the Nastaliq font.
+
+If a font is not available or has not been loaded, the corresponding
+command will select the default font.
+
+With LaTeX, the size changing commands will also operate on the additional
+fonts.
+
+
+Input coding:
+=============
+
+The ASCII input notation for arabic text is modelled closely after the
+transliteration standards ISO/R 233 and DIN 31 635. As these standards do
+not guarantee unique re-transliteration and are also not ASCII compatible,
+some modifications were necessary. These follow the general rules:
+
+- if the transliteration uses a single letter, code that letter;
+
+- if the transliteration uses a letter with a diacritical mark, put a
+ special character similar to the diacritical mark BEFORE the letter.
+
+Standard arabic and persian characters:
+---------------------------------------
+
+b bah | d dal | .s ssad | f fah | h hah | ' hamza
+t tah | _d dhal | .d ddad | q qaf | w waw | N tanween
+_t thah | r rah | .t ttah | k kaf | y yah | Y alif maqsoura
+^g geem | z zay | .z tthah | l lam | g gaf | _A alif maqsoura
+.h hhah | s seen | ` `ain | m meem | p pah | T tah marbouta
+_h khah | ^s sheen | .g ghain | n noon | v vah | W waw (see below)
+
+Additional characters generally available:
+------------------------------------------
+
+c hhah with hamza
+^c gim with three dots (below)
+,c khah with three dots (above)
+^z zay with three dots (above)
+~n kaf with three dots (Ottoman)
+~l law with a bow accent (Kurdish)
+~r rah with two bows (Kurdish)
+
+See also "Urdu" and "Pashto" below.
+
+Additional coding rules:
+------------------------
+
+- For long vowels, use capital letters <A>, <I>, <U>, or <_a>, <_i>, <_u>.
+
+- As the transliteration is ambiguous, use <T> for <tah marbouta>,
+ <N> for <tanween>, <Y> or <_A> for <alif maqsoura>.
+
+- Short vowels <a>, <i>, <u> need not generally be written except in the
+ following cases:
+ - at the beginning of a word where they generate <alif>,
+ - adjacent to <hamza> where they will influence the carrier,
+ - when the transcription is wanted,
+ - in \fullvocalize mode.
+
+- <hamza> is denoted by a single RIGHT quote; its carrier will be
+ determined from the context according to the rules for writing arabic
+ words. If that is not wanted, "quote" it (see below).
+
+- <`ain> is a single LEFT quote, don't confuse it with <hamza>!
+
+- <madda> is generated by a right quote (<hamza>) before <A>: <'A>.
+
+- The "invisible letter" <|> may be inserted in order to break unwanted
+ ligatures and to influence the <hamza> writing. It will not show in the
+ arabic output or in the transcription.
+
+- <tashdid> is indicated by doubling the appropriate letter.
+
+- The article is always written <al-> (with hyphen!).
+
+- Hyphens <-> may be used freely, and generally do not change the writing,
+ but will show up in the transcription. At the beginning and the end of a
+ word they enforce the use of the connection form of the adjacent letter
+ (if it exists), like e.g. in the date <1400 h->.
+
+- A double hyphen <--> between two otherwise joining letters will break
+ any ligature and will insert a horizontal stroke (<tatweel>, <kashida>)
+ without appearing in the transcription. It may be used repeatedly.
+
+
+Quoting:
+========
+
+A double quote <"> will modify the meaning of the following character as
+follows:
+
+- if a short vowel follows, the appropriate diacritical mark <fatha>,
+ <kasra>, <damma> will be put on the preceding character even if the
+ vocalization is off otherwise. If <N> follows the short vowel, the
+ appropriate form of <tanween> will be generated instead. At the
+ beginning of a word, <alif> is assumed as the first character. If the
+ previous word ended with a vowel, <wasla> is generated instead of the
+ vowel indicator.
+
+- if the following character is a single right quote, a <hamza> mark will
+ be put on the preceding character even if in conflict with the <hamza>
+ rules.
+
+- if the following character is the "invisible letter" <|>, the connection
+ between the adjacent letters will be broken and a small space inserted.
+
+- otherwise: a <sukun> will be put on the preceding character. The
+ following character will be processed again.
+
+The double quote will not show up in the transcription.
+
+
+Ligatures:
+==========
+
+There is no way to explicitly indicate ligatures as a large number of them
+are generated automatically. Any unwanted ligature can be suppressed by
+interposing the invisible letter <|> between the two letters otherwise
+combined into a ligature. After "\ligsfalse" ligatures in the middle of a
+word will not normally be produced; for some texts this looks better. You
+can return to the normal strategy by "\ligstrue".
+
+
+Vocalization:
+=============
+
+There are three modes of rendering short vowels:
+
+\fullvocalize:
+ - every short vowel will generate the corresponding diacritic mark
+ <fatha>, <kasra>, <damma>.
+
+ - If <N> follows a short vowel, the corresponding form of <tanween> is
+ generated instead.
+
+ - <_a> will produce a <qur'an alif> accent instead of an explicit
+ <alif> character which is coded <A>.
+
+ - if a long vowel follows a consonant, the corresponding short vowel is
+ implied. The long vowel itself carries no diacritical mark.
+
+ - if no vowel is given after a consonant, <sukun> will be generated
+ except if a double "sun letter" follows <lam>.
+
+ - <alif> at the beginning of a word carries <wasla> instead of the vowel
+ indicator if the preceding word ended with a vowel.
+
+\vocalize: as above, but <sukun> and <wasla> will not be generated except
+ if explicitly indicated by "quoting".
+
+\novocalize: no diacritics will be generated except if explicitly asked for
+ by "quoting".
+
+In all modes, a double consonant will generate <tashdid>, and <'A> always
+generates <madda> on <alif>. After <aN> the silent <alif> character is
+generated if necessary. The silent <alif> may also be explicitly indicated
+by <aNa> or <aNA>, or coded literally as <A> in \novocalize mode. If a
+silent <alif maqsoura> is wanted instead, write <aNY>, <aN_A>, <Y> or <_A>.
+A silent <alif> after <waw> is indicated by <Ua>, <UA> or <Wa>, <WA> (with
+a capital <W>!).
+
+
+Transcription:
+==============
+
+In addition to the arabic writing, the standard scientific transcription
+may also be obtained from a fully vocalized input text. This is indicated
+by "\transtrue" and may be switched off again by "\transfalse". If ONLY
+the transcription is wanted, you can deactivate the arabic writing by
+"\arabfalse"; it can be reactivated by "\arabtrue". If both modes are
+active their output will be interleaved line by line.
+
+The transcription mode assumes that the input text is in the Arabic
+language and has been coded according to the rules given above. For words
+from other languages the transcription might be in error. For Arabic text,
+the following special cases are handled:
+
+- after the article, a double consonant will be assimilated;
+
+- an initial vowel will be omitted if the preceding word ended with a
+ vowel. If that is not wanted start with <hamza>.
+
+- a silent <alif> or <alif maqsoura> after <N> (<tanwin>) and <U> is
+ omitted in the transcription. The same happens after <waw> if it is
+ written <W>.
+
+For space economy, the transcription module is NOT loaded by default. If
+you want to use it, add the style option "atrans" with LaTeX; and with
+Plain TeX, say "\input atrans.sty".
+
+
+Support for other languages:
+============================
+
+ArabTeX is primarily intended for writing texts in classical and modern
+Arabic, but it also provides limited support for several other languages
+that are customarily written in the arabic alphabet. The vocalization and
+the transcription cannot generally be expected to be correct, but might
+work by accident.
+
+In order to switch to the conventions for one of these languages, say
+"\setfarsi", "\seturdu", "\setpashto", "\setmaghribi"; "\setarab" is the
+default and can also be used to switch back to the arabic conventions.
+
+- Farsi, Dari:
+--------------
+All characters needed for writing Farsi are available by default. The
+short vowels <e> and <o> are mapped to <i> and <u>, the long vowels <E>
+and <O> to <I> and <U>.
+
+The <izafet> connection may be written literally, which may look awkward
+in the case of <h"'>, or always as <-i> (with hyphen); then the correct
+spelling will be determined from the context. Likewise the <yah-i-wahdat>
+can always be written <-I>.
+
+The final <yah> carries no dots.
+
+Farsi uses the Nasta`liq font if available.
+
+- Ottoman: see Farsi.
+----------
+
+- Kurdish: see Farsi.
+----------
+
+- Urdu:
+-------
+The additional characters in Urdu are coded as follows:
+
+h always denotes the "two-eyed <hah>"
+,h the "wavy" <hah> letter
+,t <tah> with a small <ttah> accent
+,d <dal> with a small <ttah> accent
+,r <rah> with a small <ttah> accent
+.n <noon> without a dot (modifies a preceding vowel)
+E <yah bari> in the final position, otherwise mapped to <yah>
+O mapped to <U>
+
+The short vowels <e> and <o> are mapped to <a> and <u>.
+
+Note: Some of the given codings also occur in Pashto but with a different
+meaning, see below.
+
+Urdu uses the Nasta`liq font if available.
+
+- Pashto:
+---------
+The additional characters for Pashto are coded as follows:
+
+,t <tah> with a small loop
+,d <dal> with a small loop
+,r <rah> with a small loop
+.n <noon> with a small loop
+g <gaf> is written with a small loop instead of a bar
+,z <rah> with one dot above and one below
+,s <sin> with one dot above and one below
+e like <a>, with a <zwarakay> mark if vocalized
+e'i <yah> with <hamza>
+E <yah> with two dots below aligned vertically
+Ey <yah> written with a final stroke
+o mapped to <u>
+O mapped to <U>
+w"' <hamza> on <waw>
+h"' <hamza> on <hah>
+
+The <qur'an alif> accent is not available for Pashto.
+
+The rules for <izafet> and <yah-i-wahdat> apply.
+
+Note: Some of the given codings also occur in Urdu but with a different
+meaning, see above. For writing some words in the Urdu style, write the
+command \seturdu and afterwards switch back to the Pashto conventions by
+\setpashto.
+
+- Maghribi:
+-----------
+This is just a different writing convention. <fah> is written with one dot
+below the letter, <qaf> with one dot above the normal letter form of
+<fah>. The three dots of <vah> are put below the letter. Otherwise like
+Arabic.
+
+Miscellaneous features:
+=======================
+- As ArabTeX is slow, it will produce some terminal output while running
+ to indicate it is still alive. If that is not wanted, say "\quiet" or
+ "\tracingarab = 0 " (outside an Arabic Environment). "\tracingarab = 1 "
+ will report arabic paragraphs, a value of 2: arabic lines and insertions,
+ a value of 3 or more: individual items.
+
+- Whether <yah> in the final position carries dots or not depends on the
+ chosen language convention. You can override this by "\yahdots" and
+ "\yahnodots".
+
+- To reproduce erroneous or archaic texts exactly as they are, the
+ following additional codings are available:
+
+ .k <kaf> in final position without a diacritical mark
+ .f <fah> without a dot
+ .b <bah> without a dot
+ .n <noon> without a dot (not available for Pashto)
+ Y <alif maqsoura>, <yah> without dots in all positions.
+
+How to move from Version 1 to Version 2:
+========================================
+
+Version 2 is not fully compatible with Version 1; however, moving to the
+new version should cause little problems, and is recommended as version 1
+is no longer supported. Apart from some extensions, most changes were
+introduced in order to better conform to the transliteration standards,
+and to have less compatibility problems with TeX and LaTeX. Further
+versions are expected to be upward compatible if no grave bugs turn up.
+
+The main differences between versions 1 and 2 are:
+
+- The font size has increased, so the document layout may change. The old
+ font can no more be used.
+
+- Some arabic characters are now coded differently: <`ain> is denoted by a
+ left quote, and <c>, <^z>, <^t>, and <.n> denote different characters
+ from what they did before. This was changed in order to better conform
+ to the standard transliteration.
+
+- There are a lot more ligatures than before. This normally need not
+ concern the user.
+
+- \vocalize will no more generate <sukun> and <wasla> except if explicitly
+ indicated by quoting. See \fullvocalize.
+
+- Arabic Environments are always bracketed by the new control sequences
+ \begin{arabtext} and \end{arabtext} even if only the transcription is
+ wanted.
+
+- Short arabic quotations are now bracketed by \< and > so < has its
+ standard TeX meaning.
+
+We recommend converting existent input files to the new notation. If that
+is impractical in special cases, the LaTeX option "oldarabtex" and/or the
+command "\oldarabtex" will switch back to most of the old conventions (and
+problems). This shortcut will probably go away in some future version.
+
+Acknowledgments:
+================
+
+The development of ArabTeX would not have been possible without the
+assistance of many people. Apart from my local team, helpful advice came
+among others from Wolfdietrich Fischer, Ahmed El-Hadi, Abdelsalam Heddaya,
+Iqbal Khan, Tom Koornwinder, Eberhard Krueger, Asif Lakehsar, Jan Lodder,
+Richard Lorch, Eberhard Mattes, and Bernd Raichle. I also have to thank
+the many people who sent bug reports and comments.
+
+Please send bug reports, suggestions and inquiries to the author:
+=================================================================
+
+Prof. Klaus Lagally
+Institut fuer Informatik
+Universitaet Stuttgart
+Breitwiesenstrasse 20-22
+D-70565 Stuttgart
+GERMANY
+
+lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (c) 1990 - 1993, Klaus Lagally
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.faq b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.faq
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50c49fda33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.faq
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+arabtex.faq 17.11.1993
+ What ArabTeX is NOT
+ ===================
+
+From some enquiries following the release of ArabTeX Version 1 we learned
+there are many possible misconceptions about what ArabTeX can and cannot
+do. ArabTeX is
+
+- NOT a convenient, simple text system for everyday use. As with TeX and
+ LaTeX, it needs some practicing to work with it efficiently, and you
+ have to understand what you are writing.
+
+- NOT a WYSIWYG system. You need some text editor to produce the ASCII
+ input file it reads, and you have to format your document off-line in
+ order to look at its final form. However, the input should be fairly
+ readable, and you can make a good guess what the output it produces will
+ look like.
+
+- NOT a preprocessor to produce input for TeX. It will directly extend
+ your TeX system's capabilities IFF your TeX system can be extended by
+ loading additional macros and fonts, AND is large enough not to
+ overflow.
+
+- NOT a substitute for a calligrapher. A competent human will do a much
+ better job, as also will a good printing shop. However, we found not all
+ printing shops are good, and at least outside the arabic world a good
+ calligrapher is hard to find.
+
+- NOT an automatic translator between Arabic and any other language. That
+ possibility is probably still very far off. However, ArabTeX may help
+ you by observing numerous schematic rules about writing, transliteration
+ and transcription of Arabic text.
+
+- NOT using any Artificial Intelligence techniques. The rules it observes
+ are frozen into its algorithm, and as there are many rules and special
+ cases, it is complicated (and slow).
+
+- NOT depending on special hardware and/or a special keyboard. It will run
+ on any PC or work station in conjunction with a TeX implementation that
+ is easily extensible and large enough.
+
+- NOT perfect and not free of errors (alas!). We will consider any bug
+ report and any suggestion for new features and other changes. However,
+ we cannot promise to fix every bug as our resources (primarily time) are
+ limited, and we reserve the right to use our own judgment concerning
+ possible changes.
+
+- NOT particularly efficient up to now. We concentrated on getting it
+ running correctly first, and tuning should (and will) come later. There
+ is ample opportunity for improvements but they could take some time.
+
+- NOT terribly expensive. In fact, it is free for scientific and strictly
+ private, noncommercial use. For commercial purposes you need a license
+ agreement; inquire at the author's address.
+
+ Prof. Klaus Lagally
+ Institut fuer Informatik
+ Universitaet Stuttgart
+ Breitwiesenstrasse 20-22
+ D-70565 Stuttgart
+ GERMANY
+
+ lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (c) 1990 - 1993, Klaus Lagally
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.htm b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d26bfcbcde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+<html><head>
+<title>ArabTeX Version 3</title></head>
+<body>
+<center>
+<img src="arabtex.gif" alt="ArabTeX logo">
+<h1> ArabTeX Version 3 </h1>
+</center>
+
+<hr><!-- ================================================ -->
+
+<a href="http://129.69.218.213/arabtex/doc/arabtex/html/changes.htm">
+ Last changes: Version 3.11l, June 24, 2004
+</a>
+
+<hr><!-- ================================================ -->
+
+<img src="new1.gif" alt="new">
+There is a new version of the User Manual
+<a href="http://129.69.218.213/arabtex/doc/arabdoc.ps">
+(PS),</a>
+<a href="http://129.69.218.213/arabtex/doc/arabdoc.pdf">
+(PDF).</a>
+<br>
+This version is reasonably current, but still being updated.
+<p>
+Should you be an Orientalist, you might want to look at a small list of
+<a href="http://129.69.218.213/arabtex/doc/arabtex/html/refer.htm">applications</a>.
+
+</p><hr><!-- ================================================ -->
+
+ The set of files, of which THIS file is supposed to be part of,
+ contains a package extending the capabilities of TeX/LaTeX to
+ generate the arabic writing from an ASCII transliteration for
+ texts in several languages using the arabic script. Several
+ other common encodings are also supported.
+<p>
+
+<img src="new1.gif" alt="new">
+The package is available in packed form as
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/arab311.zip">
+arab311.zip</a>
+<!--
+and <a href=ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/arabtds.zip>arabtds.zip</a>
+-->
+for PC users, and
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/arab311.tgz">
+arab311.tgz</a> or
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/arab311.tar.z">
+arab311.tar.Z</a> for *N*X users.
+<br>
+Note: we had to change the file names to avoid some server problems.
+<p>
+
+<img src="new1.gif" alt="new">
+The files
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/tex311.zip">
+tex311.zip</a> and
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/tex311.tgz">
+tex311.tgz</a>
+contain just the ArabTeX macros.
+For upgrading to the minor version (3.11), downloading these is sufficient
+if the fonts are already installed.
+<p>
+Depending on the server there may be also the unpacked files,
+or only these.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In case of doubt, check for the latest version of
+"<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/apatch.sty">
+apatch.sty</a>".
+<br>
+This file contains last minute corrections that possibly
+are not yet contained in the packed files.
+</p><p>
+
+The following ASCII files give more detailed information:
+
+<table>
+<!--
+<tr><td>
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/doc/arabtex.doc">
+arabtex.doc
+ </td><td>
+ a short introduction ( rather out of date)
+</td></tr>
+-->
+
+<tbody><tr><td>
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/doc/txt/arabtex.faq">
+arabtex.faq</a>
+
+</td><td>answers to some Frequently Asked Questions
+ (updated as necessary)
+</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/changes.txt">
+changes.txt</a>
+
+</td><td>release history, new features, and known bugs
+ (updated as necessary)
+</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/doc/changes2.txt">
+changes2.txt</a>
+
+</td><td>release history up to version 3.00
+
+</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/install.txt">
+install.txt</a>
+
+</td><td>list of available files, and installation notes
+</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td valign="top">
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/apatch.sty">
+apatch.sty</a>
+
+</td><td>last minute corrections; put this file onto the TEXINPUT path;
+it will patch automatically (updated as necessary).
+</td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+
+There are also various additional documentation files.
+</p><p>
+<img src="new1.gif" alt="new">
+The contents of a subdirectory "REPORT", if still present, are OBSOLETE.
+Refer to the (draft of the)
+<a href="http://129.69.218.213/arabtex/doc/arabdoc.pdf">
+user manual</a> instead.
+
+</p><hr><!-- ================================================ -->
+
+There was a prototype, ArabTeX Version 1, which is now OBSOLETE.
+<br>
+
+Version 2 was the first complete release accompanied by a manual,
+but is no more being maintained.
+<br>
+
+Version 3 is an upward compatible extension of Version 2
+with many new features, e.g. the possibility to read input files
+in the ASMO 449, ISO 8859-6, and UTF-8 Codes,
+and a host of new commands for better formatting of Arabic text,
+or catering for historic writing styles.
+<br>
+
+Versions from 3.05 onward contain a package to process Hebrew,
+and provide long right-to-left insertions.
+
+For details, consult the manual.
+
+<hr><!-- ================================================ -->
+
+<img src="new1.gif" alt="new">
+ ArabTeX is copyrighted by the author. If you use the system for
+ scientific work please give appropriate credit to the software
+ and the author (e.g. in the colophon of a monograph.) We also
+ appreciate a complimentary copy of any scientific work produced
+ with ArabTeX.
+<p>
+
+<img src="new1.gif" alt="new">
+ArabTeX may be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+of the LaTeX Project Public License distributed
+from CTAN archives in the directory
+<a href="ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/lppl.txt">
+macros/latex/base/lppl.txt</a>;
+either version 1 of the License,
+or (at your option) any later version.
+
+</p><hr><!-- ================================================ -->
+
+ArabTeX is an experimental system and supposed to change without
+prior notice. Whoever will use it does so at her/his/its own risk.
+We cannot take any responsibility on correct function, suitability
+for whatever purpose, or correct documentation.
+
+If you have any complaints or suggestions, please forward them to
+<a href="mailto:lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de">the author</a>.
+We shall consider any reasonable suggestion,
+but we will use our own judgment on changes,
+and our resources are severely limited.
+<p>
+
+If problems turn up while running ArabTeX, please
+<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/arabtex.htm">
+check first</a>
+at "ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de" whether there is a new version,
+or whether there are any new corrections in
+"<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex/apatch.sty">
+apatch.sty</a>".
+
+If the problem goes away with the new version, please inform the
+server you got ArabTeX from; otherwise
+<a href="mailto:lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de">send a bug report</a>
+to the author.
+
+</p><hr><!-- ================================================ -->
+
+The reference site
+"<a href="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/arabtex">
+ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de</a>"
+always holds the current version.
+<br>
+We know that the CTAN servers
+"<a href="ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/">ftp.tex.ac.uk</a>",
+"<a href="ftp://ftp.dante.de/">ftp.dante.de</a>",
+"<a href="ftp://ctan.tug.org/">ctan.tug.org</a>"
+mirror this site and update on a regular schedule.
+
+<hr><!-- ================================================ -->
+
+An empty E-Mail message to
+"<a href="mailto:arabtex@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de">
+arabtex@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de</a>"
+will produce a current status report.
+
+<hr><!-- ================================================ -->
+
+<blockquote>
+ Prof. Klaus Lagally<br>
+ Institut fuer Formale Konzepte der Informatik<br>
+ Universitaet Stuttgart<br>
+ Universitaetsstrasse 20-22<br>
+ D-70569 Stuttgart<br>
+ GERMANY<br>
+ lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+</blockquote>
+<hr>
+ Copyright (c) 1990 - 2004,
+<a href="mailto:lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de">
+ Klaus Lagally </a>
+<hr>
+</body></html>
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arwindoc.tex b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arwindoc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94549cb437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/arwindoc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+% arwindoc.tex
+% 9 Apr 1997
+%
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{arabtex}
+
+\begin {document}
+
+
+\begin{table}[htbp]
+\begin{center}
+\novocalize \setarab
+\small \tabcolsep 4.5pt
+
+\def \sun {% sun symbol
+\unitlength 0.2em
+\begin{picture}(4,4)(-1.4,-1.2)
+\put(0.6,0.2){\circle{1.6}}
+\put(+1.0,+1.0){.} \put(+1.0,-1.0){.}
+\put(-1.0,-1.0){.} \put(-1.0,+1.0){.}
+\put(+0.8,+0.8){.} \put(+0.8,-0.8){.}
+\put(-0.8,-0.8){.} \put(-0.8,+0.8){.}
+\end{picture}}
+
+\def \mc #1{\multicolumn{2}{c|}{#1}}
+
+
+\begin{tabular}
+{|c||@{}c@{}|@{}c@{}|c|@{}c@{}|@{}c@{}|c|c|c|c|c|c|@{}c@{}|c|c|c|c|@{}c@{%
+\vrule height 15pt depth 9pt width 0pt}||}
+\hline
+ & 00& 01& 02&\mc{03}&04&05 &06&07&08&09&10&11&12& 13 & 14 & 15 \\
+\hline
+\hline
+00 &NUL&DLE&SP &0& \<0> &@& P & ` & p && &NSP& & & \<_d> & & \<|B"aN> \\
+\hline
+01 &SOH&DC1&! &1& \<1> &A& Q & a & q &&&\<,> && \<-'> & \<r> & \<l> & \<|B"uN> \\
+\hline
+02 &STX&DC2&" &2& \<2> &B& R & b & r &&&&& \<'A> & \<z> & & \<|B"iN> \\
+\hline
+03 &ETX&DC3&\# &3& \<3> &C& S & c & s &&&&& \<'a> & \<s> & \<m> & \<|B"a> \\
+\hline
+04 &EOT&DC4&\$ &4& \<4> &D& T & d & t &&&&&\<w"'>& \<^s> & \<n> & \\
+\hline
+05 &ENQ&NAK&\% &5& \<5> &E& U & e & u &&&&& \<'i> & \<.s> & \<h> & \<|B"u> \\
+\hline
+06 &ACK&SYN&\& &6& \<6> &F& V & f & v &&&&& \<Y"'->& \<.d> & \<w> & \<|B"i> \\
+\hline
+07 &BEL&ETB& ' &7& \<7> &G& W & g & w &&&&& \<a> & & & \\
+\hline
+08 &BS &CAN& ) &8& \<8> &H& X & h & x &&&&& \<b> & \<.t> & & \<|BB> \\
+\hline
+09 &HT &EM & ( &9& \<9> &I& Y & i & y &&&&& \<T> & \<.z> & & \\
+\hline
+10 &LF &SUB&$*$&\mc{:} &J& Z & j & z &&&&\<;>& \<t> & \<`> & & \<|B"> \\
+\hline
+11 &VT &ESC&$+$&\mc{;} &K&\verb"]"&k&\verb"}"&&&&&\<_t>&\<.g>& & \\
+\hline
+12 &FF &IS4& , &\mc{$>$}&L&\verb"\"&l&\verb"|"&&&& &\<^g>&\<B|B|B> & \<Y> & \\
+\hline
+13 &CR &IS3&$-$&\mc{$=$}&M&\verb"["&m&\verb"{"&&&SHY& &\<.h>& \<f> & \<y> & \\
+\hline
+14 &SO &IS2& . &\mc{$<$}&N&\verb"^"&n&\verb"~"& & & & &\<_h>&\<q>& & \\
+\hline
+15 &SI &IS1& / &\mc{?} &O&\verb"_"&o& & & & & \<?> &\<d> &\<k>& &DEL\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+%\caption{MS Windows with arabic support code table}\label{awin}
+\caption{MS Arabic Windows code table (CP 1256)}\label{awin}
+\end{table}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+The file \verb"arabwin.sty" contains a reading module for the
+{\em MS-Windows with arabic support} code.
+It is installed by the \LaTeX\ option \verb"arabwin"
+or by \verb"\input arabwin.sty".
+The module is activated by \verb"\setcode {arabwin}";
+all following Arabic text will be considered to be coded according to
+the {\em MS-Windows with arabic support} standard.
+The ArabTeX notation may be reactivated by \verb"\setcode {arabtex}".
+ \index{code!MS-Windows}
+ \index{MS-Windows}
+ \index{code!8-bit}
+ \index{\setcode{arabwin}}
+ \index{\setcode{arabtex}}
+
+The {\em MS-Windows with arabic support} code (see Table \ref{awin})
+is an 8-bit code closely related both to 7-bit ASCII;
+whereas the lower 128 positions are identical to
+ASCII (ISO 646), some of the upper 128 positions contain the Arabic characters
+plus additional graphic and control characters.
+ \index{code!ASCII}
+
+We reuse the ASMO 449
+reading routines, after suitable modification of the input.
+This only works correctly if the input text does not contain
+genuine ASCII letters, as we
+project the Arabic characters onto their locations in ASMO 449.
+Please note that only the characters that appear in Table \ref{awin}
+are correctly processed.
+Some of the code switching messages in the log file are spurious;
+do not worry.
+
+The notes on vowelization and transliteration of ASMO 449 apply also.
+
+The driver file indicated for ASMO 449 will be usable after the
+obvious modifications; however, your \TeX\ installation must be
+capable of processing 8-bit data input.
+This is nowadays usually the case; otherwise you can try to
+locally find some utility program that will strip the highest order bit
+off the characters in your file, and process the result via ASMO 449.
+
+\end {document}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% EOF %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/changes.txt b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/changes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a82914b6e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/changes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2074 @@
+CHANGES.TXT 23.10.2003
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ArabTeX Version 3
+ =================
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ NOTE: Version management:
+
+ - We distinguish major versions "m.00", minor versions "m.nn-"
+ with nn > 0, and patch versions "m.nnx" where "x" is a letter.
+
+ - to update from an older major version: reinstall completely.
+
+ - to update from an older minor version: replace the contents of
+ "TEXINPUT" and, if so indicated, "REPORT". Replace the fonts
+ only if so indicated explicitly.
+
+ - to update to a newer patch version: replace the ASCII file
+ "apatch.sty" and, if you use Hebrew, "hepatch.sty". These files
+ are distributed as unpacked text files, and will be applied
+ automatially whenever starting ArabTeX.
+
+ - Patch versions within the same minor version are cumulative, so
+ a newer patch will encompass all earlier versions.
+
+ - To back out from a patch version, replace "apatch.sty" by an
+ earlier version (within the same minor version only!) if still
+ locally available, or else edit out the current additions from
+ "apatch.sty" and, if applicable, "hepatch.sty" (save a copy
+ first!). Also please inform the author why you backed out.
+
+ - There is no provision to return gracefully to earlier minor or
+ even major versions. We can make them available on request, but
+ you should have good reasons, and there will be no support.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+23.10.2003: Version 3.11d
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - In the Arabic document classes, the formatting of the table
+ of contents was improved. A strange bug was corrected.
+
+ - A storage leak was found which prevented the formatting of
+ longer documents, leading to 'save stack overflow'.
+
+ - A bug in the ligatures module was found which used to produce
+ bogus messages 'missing letter y in font xnsh14' and to
+ slightly interfere with correct vowelization.
+
+ - A bug in the output module was found which used to produce
+ bogus messages 'underfull vbox while \output was active'.
+ The fix might slightly influence page breaking.
+
+ New features:
+
+ - There is now limited support for Arabized LyX.
+ Since there are no 'italic', 'slanted', 'sanserif' etc. fonts
+ available for ArabTeX, all special font variants are presently
+ mapped into 'bold face'. This could be changed at the user's
+ request; please send any suggestions to the author.
+
+ - The messages in the LOG file are less verbose now.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+17.09.2003: Version 3.11c
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - in Hebrew mode, a spurious 'shwa' on 'gimel' was fixed.
+
+ New features:
+
+ - Hebrew mode provides a new command \setjudarab to activate
+ an experimental Judaeo-Arabic mode. Input is supposed to be
+ Arabic in the standard transliteration encoding (other modes
+ might work by accident), output is an extended Hebrew writing
+ in the chosen Hebrew font, and the standard transliteration
+ when activated. Arabic vowels are presently not provided; the
+ Hebrew vowels work but are presumably of no use.
+
+ Caution: The new mode can be expected to contain errors. We
+ do not know the exact writing conventions, and have no access
+ to any relevant literature. Scholars in the field are urged
+ to contact the author. Comments and suggestions are invited.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+08.09.2003: Version 3.11b
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - the selection of fonts in Arabic and Hebrew mode has been
+ drastically changed, and several logical errors have been
+ eliminated. Some of the remaining bugs have been fixed.
+
+ - Hebrew Plain mode works again. To use it, download the new
+ version of 'hebtex.tex'(!), the Hebrew Plain driver. The
+ corrections cannot be handled by "apatch.sty" alone.
+
+ New features:
+
+ - ArabTeX now seems to cooperate with LyX in Arabic and Hebrew
+ mode.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+ - in case you are using the Hebrew Plain mode (and only then)
+ also download the new version of the driver module "hebtex.tex"
+ (not "hebtex.sty"!)
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+27.08.2003: Version 3.11a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - the 'hanging heh' in Urdu mode has been fixed.
+
+ - the selection of fonts in Arabic and Hebrew mode has been
+ drastically changed, and several logical errors have been
+ eliminated. Hopefully there are not too many new bugs.
+
+ - Hebrew Plain mode should work again. If you are not directly
+ concerned, forget it; tests are going on. The necessary
+ corrections cannot be handled by "apatch.sty" alone, see the
+ remarks below.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+ - in case you are using the Hebrew Plain mode (and only then)
+ also download the new version of the driver module "hebtex.tex"
+ (not "hebtex.sty"!)
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+22.08.2002: Version 3.11
+
+ Status:
+
+ - This is a new minor version. All existing patches have been
+ merged into the respective macro files. To install it, load
+ and replace all macros in the subdirectory "TEXINPUT"; there
+ are some new files, and some have been extensively rewritten!
+ The functionality is supposed to be unchanged.
+
+ - Distribution and modification of ArabTeX is now governed by
+ the Latex Project Public License (see LPPL.TXT).
+
+ - We recommend installing of the fonts "xnash14" and "xnash14bf"
+ to obtain better quality of output. These fonts are now the
+ default; to revert to the old font versions use the command
+ "\oldarabfont".
+
+ New features:
+
+ - In Hebrew mode, all standard fonts available on CTAN are now
+ supported, including the possibility of generating vowel points
+ in \vocalize mode.
+
+ Bugs:
+
+ - Hebrew Plain TeX mode is currently broken.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - Download the contents of "TEXINPUT", and in case of any font
+ problems also "MFINPUT".
+
+ - In case of problems with old DVI files regenerate them; or else
+ download "arabsymb.mf" and regenerate the font "nash14".
+
+==========================================================================
+23.04.2003: Version 3.10k
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - some glitches in Farsi mode were fixed.
+
+ - in Uighuric mode, some transcriptions were missing.
+
+ - in Urdu mode, final 'wavy hah' is generated now.
+
+ New features:
+
+ - in Uighuric mode, <:s> produces 'sin' with three dots below.
+ <A> produces 'alif' with 'madda', so does <^A>.
+
+ - in Farsi mode and its descendants, 'kasra' on a double letter
+ will be positioned below the letter instead of below the
+ 'shadda' mark. This feature will later become an option.
+
+ - the internal test mode is less verbose. This need not concern
+ normal users.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+16.11.2002: Version 3.10j
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - the handling of 'ayin' in Hebrew mode was improved.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+14.11.2002: Version 3.10i
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - "matres lectionis" in Hebrew work better.
+
+ - Version 3.10h was broken on some servers!
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+28.08.2002: Version 3.10h
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - The math command \cap was broken.
+
+ - Line breaking of Roman insertions within Arabic mode seems to
+ work correctly now.
+
+ New features:
+
+ - There is formally a new language mode \setbalut for Balochy.
+ Presently it is mapped to \setpashto but will be extended as
+ soon as the exact writing rules are known.
+
+ - The command \cond #1{#2}{#3}\fi will expand to either #2 or #3
+ depending on the TeX conditional #1. It is nearly equivalent
+ to #1 #2\else #3\fi but may also be used in Arabic mode. The
+ command is skippable and fully expandable.
+
+ - \endinput may occur in Arabic mode.
+
+ - The input character <G> encodes Pashto 'gAf' with a ring. In
+ Farsi and Pashto mode, <g> produces Farsi 'gAf' with a stroke.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+16.06.2002: Version 3.10g
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - in Pashto mode, <.n> will produce 'noon' with a dot and a ring.
+ Some further Pashto codes can be found in Table 4.2.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+11.05.2002: Version 3.10f
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - in Persian mode, some bugs concerning 'hamze on he' were fixed.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+14.04.2002: Version 3.10e
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - in the standard Hebrew transcription, 'shwa' was missing.
+
+ - in Persian mode, 'hamze on he' is produced if required.
+
+ - in Hebrew mode using the 'hclassic' and 'hcaption' fonts, the
+ vowel points are generated differently to render better when
+ using T1 fonts.
+
+ - in CP1256 encoding, explicit 'shadda' works now correctly.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+07.03.2002: Version 3.10d
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - In many of the non-standard encodings the handling of double
+ letters (implicit shadda or not) has been corrected.
+
+ - In the Arabic document classes 'arabbook', 'arabrep', 'arabart'
+ the handling of figure and table \captions has been improved.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - When using a local addition to ArabTeX together with a patch
+ version of ArabTeX, read the local addition by \input after
+ the command \begin{document}, not by an \usepackage command.
+ Otherwise a race condition occurs that could overwrite your
+ local additions.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+03.03.2002: Version 3.10c
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - The default language is Arabic again.
+
+ - The LaTeX commands \footnote, \footnotemark, and \footnotetext
+ in normal LTR LaTeX mode were broken in version 3.10b. Sorry!
+
+ - In the Arabic document classes 'arabbook', 'arabrep', 'arabart'
+ the environment 'tabular' works correctly.
+
+ - In the Arabic document classes 'arabbook', 'arabrep', 'arabart'
+ the command \tableofcontents works correctly.
+
+ - In the Arabic document classes 'arabbook', 'arabrep', 'arabart'
+ the commands \table and \figure may have a \caption.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - In the Arabic document classes 'arabbook', 'arabrep', 'arabart'
+ and *also* in normal LTR mode, within the \tabular environment
+ every row but the last must be terminated by \\, also if \hline
+ follows. The text of the error message has been improved.
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - The Arabic document classes 'arabbook', 'arabrep', 'arabart'
+ formerly required the use of the ArabTeX standard encoding for
+ correct functioning of generated section heads and the like.
+ This restriction was never noticed, and applies no more.
+
+ - Abjad numbers now also work with other input encodings.
+
+ - Within an Arabic environment the command \stdcode{some text}
+ accepts Arabic text in the ArabTeX standard encoding even if
+ otherwise some other encoding is in use. This may be useful
+ for local corrections.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+12.02.2002: Version 3.10b
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - The LaTeX commands \footnote, \footnotemark, and \footnotetext
+ now work correctly within Arabic environments, even if only
+ transliteration mode is active. The output mode (transliterate,
+ Arabic writing, or both) of Arabic inserts in the footnote text
+ is inherited from the main document if not explicitly switched
+ locally within the footnote text.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - Footnotes containing Arabic inserts might come out too high.
+ This may be prevented, at the risk of lines overlapping, by
+ \smash-ing the Arabic insert or even the complete footnote.
+
+ - Within transliteration mode hyphenation is only performed after
+ long vowels, thus \sloppy mode might be required. If the last
+ word of a line ends with a long vowel, a spurious hyphen will
+ appear. This is a bug; presently no fix is known!
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - The LaTeX footnote commands (see above) also work within the
+ Arabic document classes 'arabart', 'arabrep', and 'arabbook'.
+
+ - By default, or after the command \LRfootnotes, the footnotes
+ are positioned as in a Roman document, and the footnote text
+ is assumed to be Roman by default. Arabic inserts are produced
+ by \RL{ }.
+
+ - After the command \RLfootnotes, footnotes run from right to
+ left and the default language mode is Arabic. Roman inserts
+ are produced by \LR{ }.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+06.10.2001: Version 3.10a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - A few minor patches from 'v3.09' did not make it into 'v3.10'.
+
+ - The transliteration of '_h' was improved.
+
+ - Plain TeX mode now also uses fonts "xnash14" and "xnash14bf"
+ as the default.
+
+ - In Hebrew mode, 'cholem male' and vowels in contact now work
+ correctly.
+
+ - In Hebrew mode, footnotes containing Hebrew inserts now have
+ uniform baselines again.
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - All patches are now handled by "apatch.sty".
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+17.09.2001: Version 3.10
+
+ Status:
+
+ - This is a new minor version. All existing patches have been
+ merged into the respective macro files. To install it, load
+ and replace all macros in the subdirectory "TEXINPUT"; there
+ are some new files, and some have been extensively rewritten!
+ The functionality is supposed to be unchanged.
+
+ - Distribution and modification of ArabTeX is now governed by
+ the Latex Project Public License (see LPPL.TXT).
+
+ - We recommend installing of the fonts "xnash14" and "xnash14bf"
+ to obtain better quality of output. These fonts are now the
+ default; to revert to the old font versions use the command
+ "\oldarabfont".
+
+ New features:
+
+ - In Hebrew mode, all standard fonts available on CTAN are now
+ supported, including the possibility of generating vowel points
+ in \vocalize mode.
+
+ Bugs:
+
+ - Presently none are known.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - Download the contents of "TEXINPUT", and in case of any font
+ problems also "MFINPUT".
+
+ - In case of problems with old DVI files regenerate them; or else
+ download "arabsymb.mf" and regenerate the font "nash14".
+
+==========================================================================
+13.05.2001: Version 3.09g
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - Some spurious spaces in the transliteration were fixed.
+
+ - \tabular within \center was broken by \RL{}.
+
+ - Hamza and `Ayn were broken in a \tabbing environment.
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - The file "arabtds.zip" in the distribution, when available,
+ contains the ArabTeX package repacked according to the TDS
+ (TeX Directory Structure). To install the complete package,
+ PC Users of MikTeX and several other TeX distributions that
+ presuppose the TDS structure, should download this file only
+ (in binary mode!) and unpack it at the top level of their
+ local TEXMF tree. For other installations, moving around some
+ files or adjusting some access path might be required.
+
+ - Reminder: some TeX installations require a command "texhash"
+ or "texconfig" to activate a newly installed package.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+27.05.2000: Version 3.09f
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - The LaTeX command \cdot works again.
+
+ - The LaTeX command \protect may appear in RL mode. It has no
+ visible effect.
+
+ - The vertical bar | has no function, but does no harm behind an
+ Arabic character that does not connect to the left.
+
+ - The behaviour of "wasla" in the transliteration was fixed.
+
+ - The vertical spacing of footnotes is no more influenced by \RL
+ insertions in the first line.
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - Brackets [ and ] and parentheses ( and ) may be used within an
+ Arabic or Hebrew word to indicate optional parts; they do not
+ change the connection behaviour of the adjacent characters.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty" and "hepatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+05.04.2000: Version 3.09e
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - to switch the transcription font say, e.g., \settransfont{\rm}.
+ \settransfont{rm} (forgetting the \) now also works, instead of
+ producing impressive garbage.
+
+ - an \RL{} insertion text may now begin with a space.
+
+ - footnotes containing \RL{} insertions have uniform baselines.
+
+ - the space command \ works within RL mode.
+
+ - \bf and \rm (for returning to normal) work within RL mode.
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - within RL environments, \newcommand, \newenvironment, and \def
+ and their relatives may be used to define new control sequences
+ which have to expand to legal ArabTeX input; they will not be
+ visible outside of the environment (even if \gdef or \xdef is
+ used.) For a user defined command to be visible both outside
+ and inside RL mode, define it in LR mode and announce it to the
+ ArabTeX command processor by \allowarab.
+
+ - the new commands \shadda, \madda, \sukun in Arabic mode and the
+ commands \raphe, \dagesh, \mappiq in Hebrew mode will place the
+ corresponding diacritic on the preceding letter. In Hebrew mode
+ \maqqef will produce a connector, \abbr an abbreviation mark.
+
+ - A single hyphen will be invisible in the RL writing, but will
+ show up in the transcription; the adjacent letters will always
+ assume the connecting form, if it exists, even at the beginning
+ or the end of a word.
+
+ - any paragraph containing \RL{} insertions will now have uniform
+ baselines. The users might have to adjust \baselinestretch.
+
+ - RL insertions now also work for encodings like MacOS Arabic and
+ MacOS Hebrew that provide an RL space.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty"
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+18.03.2000: Version 3.09d
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - the transcription did not work correctly within a LaTeX tabbing
+ environment since this environment mungles the accent commands.
+ (We consider this a mis-feature in LaTeX!)
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty"
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+19.10.1999: Version 3.09c
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - "\cap" for capitalisation of the transcription now works also
+ within section titles and in the table of contents.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty"
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+30.07.1999: Version 3.09b
+
+ Note: version 3.09a did not work.
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - In the Hebrew mode, "maqqef" now works with all fonts.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "hepatch.sty"
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+17.07.1999: Version 3.09
+
+ Status:
+
+ - This is a new minor version. All existing patches have been
+ merged into the respective macro files. To install it, load
+ and replace all macros in the subdirectory "TEXINPUT"; there
+ are some new files, and some have been extensively rewritten!
+ The functionality is supposed to be unchanged.
+
+ - We recommend installing of the fonts "xnash14" and "xnash14bf"
+ to obtain better quality of output. These fonts are now the
+ default; to revert to the old font versions use the command
+ "\oldarabfont".
+
+ New features:
+
+ - Many ArabTeX commands that used to be fragile in connection
+ with LaTeX are now robust.
+
+ - Within the LaTeX document classes "arabart", "arabrep", and
+ "arabbook" nearly all LaTeX environments are allowed also
+ within Arabic mode.
+
+ Recommendations:
+
+ - When typesetting Roman text with Arabic or Hebrew insertions, a
+ better result can usually be obtained by typesetting on a grid;
+ this can be accomplished by resetting the parameters \lineskip
+ to 0pt, \lineskiplimit to -30pt, and redefining \baselinestretch
+ to 1.2 (or \baselineskip to 1.2\baselineskip, with Plain TeX).
+ You may want to experiment with the factor quoted as "1.2".
+
+ Bugs:
+
+ - Presently none are known.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - Download the contents of "TEXINPUT", and in case of any font
+ problems also "MFINPUT".
+
+ - In case of problems with old DVI files regenerate them; or else
+ download "arabsymb.mf" and regenerate the font "nash14".
+
+==========================================================================
+24.06.99: Version 3.08i
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - there is an "abstract" environment in the Arabic classes.
+ - mathematical displays bracketed by $$ $$ may be nested within an
+ Arabic environment. Bracketing by $ $ was always there.
+ - The LaTeX commands \( \), \[ \], and also the LaTeX environments
+ "math", "displaymath", "equation", "eqnarray", and "eqnarray*"
+ are supported within Arabic environments, also with the options
+ "leqno" and "fleqn", if LaTeX is used.
+
+ Upcoming Features:
+
+ - a new edition of the User manual is in preparation.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty", if you are interested.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+10.06.99: Version 3.08h
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - there were a few glitches in Pashto and Kashmiri encoding
+ - there were a few glitches in Pashto transliteration
+ - the command \settrans #1 is allowed within Arabic mode
+ - the command \tracingmacros #1 is allowed within Arabic mode
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - the environments "RLtext", "arabtext", and "hebtext" are now
+ equivalent
+ - the braces \< and > are admissible within Arabic mode but have
+ no effect
+ - the command \addcontentsline also works in the Arabic classes
+ "arabrep", "arabart", "arabbook"
+ - the title of the table of contents is context dependent in the
+ Arabic document classes
+
+ Upcoming Features:
+
+ - a new edition of the User manual is in preparation
+ - there is yet no "abstract" environment in the Arabic classes
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty"
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+16.05.99: Version 3.08g2
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - In the transcription mode, capitalization (see version 3.08) can
+ now also be used within a word, even several times.
+ - In the transcription, the positioning of the marks for Hamza and
+ Ayn was slightly improved.
+ - in Urdu mode, Ta' marbuta works again.
+ - in BHS mode, Shin works again.
+ - in the Arabic document classes, some spurious font switches were
+ fixed.
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - There is a new language mode: Kashmiri. See "kashmiri.tex" for a
+ short description.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty" (and "kashmiri.sty", "kashmiri.tex" and/or
+ "bhs.sty" if required)
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+10.05.99: Version 3.08f
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - In the transcription mode, capitalization (see version 3.08) can
+ now also be used in the English (Encyclopedia of Islam) style.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+22.04.99: Version 3.08e
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - We found some grave errors in the Urdu mode; it seems to work
+ again now. Observe that there are several forms of "heh":
+ - the two-eyed form for aspiration: code <h>
+ - the wavy form for other cases: code <,h>
+ - the final closed form: code <H>
+ For the Name of God, use <H> in Urdu mode, or switch to \setarab
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+10.04.99: Version 3.08d
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - For use with EDMAC, the file "aedpatch.sty" has been updated to
+ fix some spurious spaces.
+ - For use with Hebrew, the files "hclassic.mf" and "hcaption.mf"
+ have been slightly adjusted, and "hcbase_pc.mf" was renamed to
+ "hcbase.mf" to fix an incompatibility in some operating systems
+ preventing automatic font generation; the fonts themselves are
+ unchanged.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download the indicated files, if you need them; otherwise you
+ may safely ignore this version.
+
+ Note: the version number of ArabTeX (in the LOG) is still 3.08c !
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+25.03.99: Version 3.08c
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - Most of the LaTeX renumbering commands introduced in the last
+ version (3.08b) do NOT work and have been blocked off. LaTeX
+ does not allow font changes within numbering commands, since
+ these must be fully expandable within TeX's mouth.
+
+ - "arabrep.cls" has been updated again.
+
+ Old Features:
+
+ - There is only one new numbering command, and it only can be
+ used in the context of the Arabic document classes, also as a
+ \pagenumbering style, and for renaming e.g. \thesection:
+
+ \abj{ctr} "abjad" notation for counters.
+
+ - \pagenumbering{abj} may also be written \pagenumbering{abjad}.
+
+ - in the Arabic document classes, put \tableofcontents within
+ an Arabic environment.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty", and also "arabrep.cls" when required.
+ The latter file is not contained within the packed versions!
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+21.03.99: Version 3.08b1
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - For LaTeX there are additional numbering commands for counters
+ (cf. Section C.8.4 "Numbering" in the LaTeX manual:)
+
+ \arab{ctr} "Arabic" Arabic numerals
+ \Arab{ctr} "Arabic" Arabic numerals, bold
+ \abj{ctr} "abjad" notation
+ \Abj{ctr} "abjad" notation, bold
+ \Arabic{ctr} "European" Arabic numerals, bold (extension!)
+
+ - There are also the corresponding \pagenumbering styles, e.g.:
+ \pagenumbering{Abj} for bold "abjad" page numbers.
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - Some of these commands were present in 3.07g but did not work.
+
+ - isiri.sty had become incompatible and has been updated.
+
+ - arabrep.cls had become incompatible and has been updated.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - if your MFINPUT subdirectory of ArabTeX should contain a file
+ "asymbols.mf", delete it. It is obsolete and may be in conflict
+ with AMSTeX and/or AMSLaTeX.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty", and "isiri.sty" or "arabrep.cls" when
+ required. The latter two files are not contained within the
+ packed versions!
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+13.02.99: Version 3.08a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - The transliteration of "Quran alif" was in error.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty" if required.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+01.12.98: Version 3.08
+
+ Status:
+
+ - This is a new minor version. All existing patches have been
+ merged into the respective macro files. To install it, load
+ and replace all macros in the subdirectory "TEXINPUT"; there
+ are some new files, and some have been extensively rewritten!
+ The functionality is supposed to be unchanged.
+
+ - We recommend installing of the fonts "xnash14" and "xnash14bf"
+ (and activating them) to obtain better quality of output.
+
+ - ArabTeX is believed to be fully compatible with Babel; however,
+ it does not use its features. Please report incompatibilities.
+
+ - BHS mode is now also compatible with "german.sty".
+
+ New features:
+
+ - There are two new experimental fonts "xnash14" and "xnash14bf"
+ which overcome some limitations inherent in the previously
+ available versions "nash14" and "nash14bf". These fonts can be
+ activated (if installed) by the new command "\newarabfont" and
+ can be deactivated again by "\oldarabfont"; these commands
+ change the meaning of the commands "\setnash" and "\setnashbf"
+ to switch to the new versions, if required, and back.
+
+ - In transcription mode, single characters may be capitalized by
+ prefixing the command \cap in the input; the Arabic writing is
+ not affected.
+ - with ' (hamza) and ` (`ayn) the next visible letter will be
+ capitalized.
+ - this feature also works within words, after prefixes and after
+ the article, even if written in the assimilated form.
+
+ - In transcription mode, the representations of "hamza" and "ayin"
+ have been changed slightly; this might influence line breaks.
+
+ Recommendations:
+
+ - When typesetting Roman text with Arabic or Hebrew insertions, a
+ better result can usually be obtained by typesetting on a grid;
+ this can be accomplished by resetting the parameters \lineskip
+ to 0pt, \lineskiplimit to -30pt, and redefining \baselinestretch
+ to 1.2 (or \baselineskip to 1.2\baselineskip, with Plain TeX).
+ You may want to experiment with the factor quoted as "1.2".
+
+ Bugs:
+
+ - Presently none are known.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - Download the contents of "TEXINPUT".
+
+ - In case of problems with old DVI files regenerate them; or else
+ download "arabsymb.mf" and regenerate the font "nash14".
+
+==========================================================================
+21.10.98: Version 3.07k
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - A very obscure internal error has been corrected.
+
+ - In Hebrew mode, the positioning of dagesh and also of some vowel
+ points has been improved.
+ - In Hebrew mode, "meteg" (and silluq) now also works with cholem.
+ - In Hebrew mode, there now is a small space before sof pasuq.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty" and "hepatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+18.10.98: Version 3.07j
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - In Hebrew mode, patach furtivum after cholem works now.
+ - In Hebrew verbatim encodings (HED and ISO 8859-8), neither two
+ identical letters nor a medial letter and its final form will be
+ any more combined (erroneously) to a letter with dagesh.
+
+ Open Problems:
+
+ - On some servers, the font "nash14" seems to be broken. This does
+ NOT concern current ArabTeX runs, but displaying older DVI files
+ might be affected in that some characters, e.g., <^gim>, may be
+ missing.
+ - This will be fixed in the next minor version 3.08; for the time
+ being there are two workarounds:
+ - Reprocess the ArabTeX input file; the display will be correct.
+ - If this is not possible or not wanted, download the ASCII file
+ "arabsymb.mf" and regenerate the font as required.
+ - The font "nash14bf" might have the same problem; the workarounds
+ apply also.
+ - Neither new ArabTeX runs nor the font "xnsh14" are affected.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - With Hebrew and LaTeX, the LaTeX2e version should be 1996/12/01
+ or newer; older versions have been reported to produce obscure
+ errors. We can no more check this.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "hepatch.sty", and "arabsymb.mf" if required.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+30.09.98: Version 3.07i
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - ArabTeX and CJK are now fully compatible. The loading sequence
+ of ArabTeX and CJK is arbitrary.
+ - defective notation of fatha, kasra, damma works again.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+17.09.98: Version 3.07h
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - The position of some more diacritic dots has been corrected.
+ - several ligatures have been improved.
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - ArabTeX is now compatible with the package "fnpara.sty" IF this
+ package is loaded BEFORE "arabtex.sty" so that ArabTeX can find
+ out about its presence.
+ - ArabTeX is now compatible with the package "CJK.sty" IF this
+ package is loaded BEFORE "arabtex.sty" so that ArabTeX can find
+ out about its presence.
+
+ Special Features:
+
+ - for users of "tustep.sty" (if any :-):
+ ArabTeX is compatible again.
+
+ Known bugs:
+
+ - There is a problem concerning double consonants in Hebrew, only
+ in the HED encoding.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+28.08.98: Version 3.07g
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - The position of some diacritic dots has been corrected.
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - For LaTeX there are additional styles for page numbers:
+ \pagenumbering{arab} will produce *real* Arabic page numbers
+ \pagenumbering{Arab} will produce bold Arabic page numbers
+ \pagenumbering{abjad} will produce "abjad" page numbers
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+06.08.98: Version 3.07f
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - there was a small problem transliterating emphasized words.
+
+ - separating words by || did not work.
+
+ - the character for final "ny" in Malay was wrong.
+ - the character for final "h" in Malay was wrong.
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - Arabic and Persian words may be separated by \, (small space)
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+31.07.98: Version 3.07e
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - there were spurious characters in Hebrew output.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty" and "hepatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+28.07.98: Version 3.07d
+
+ New Features:
+
+ - there is a new directory "psfonts" that contains the Postscript
+ Type 1 versions of the fonts "xnsh14" and "xnsh14bf". The files
+ are called "xnsh14.pfb", "xnsh14bf.pfb", and "arabtex.map". The
+ fonts use the original TFM files. They have been tested with
+ dvips 5.76, ghostscript 5.10, a LaserJet 4+, and Acrobat Reader.
+
+ These font files have been built and donated by Taco Hoekwater
+ (taco.hoekwater@wkap.nl). Three cheers on him!
+
+ Old Features:
+
+ - the Arabic commands \lq (opening quotes), \rq (closing quotes),
+ and \,(small non-breaking space) have been present for some time;
+ we forgot to document this fact.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download and install the contents of the directory "psfonts"
+ wherever appropriate on your system; this is system dependent.
+
+ - "apatch.sty" was changed, but need not be downloaded except on
+ special advice.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+27.07.98: Version 3.07c
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - in Farsi mode ,a and ,e work again.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty" and "hepatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+23.07.98: Version 3.07b
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - The letter SIN in Hebrew mode was broken.
+ - The Sindhi abbreviations look better now.
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - download "apatch.sty" and "hepatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+20.07.98: Version 3.07a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - After installing the version 3.07 on our local server we noticed
+ an incompatibility with LaTeX2e; also by some new strategies the
+ patching mechanism had been broken. To fix these effects we had
+ to modify several source modules; we also found, and repaired,
+ several minor bugs. This is in fact nearly a new minor version;
+ on installation see below.
+
+ - To our surprise we found, and repaired, a Y2000 problem.
+
+ Changes:
+
+ - Switch to the new font "xnsh14" by the command "\newarabfont";
+ use "\oldarabfont" for switching back. The previous command
+ "\newfont" collides with a command in LaTeX2e.
+
+ Extensions:
+
+ - The font "xnsh14" contains all character fragments necessary to
+ build the characters in the extended Arabic segment of Unicode.
+ There is as yet no reading module for Unicode or UTF-8 encoding;
+ the present version of "utf8.sty" is still inconsistent.
+
+ - There are new commands "\MIN" and "\IN" for two frequently used
+ abbreviations in Sindhi.
+
+ - The file "atrans.sty" is loaded automatically.
+
+ - The file "etrans.sty" has been deleted. Use "\settrans{english}"
+
+ - The file "nashbf.sty" has been deleted. Use "\setnashbf"
+
+ Installation:
+
+ - If you already have loaded version 3.07, unpack and replace the
+ macro files in "tex307a.zip"; otherwise do a complete install as
+ indicated below for version 3.07 first.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+16.07.98: Version 3.07
+
+ Status:
+
+ - This is a new minor version. All existing patches have been
+ merged into the respective macro files. To install it, load
+ and replace all macros in the subdirectory "TEXINPUT"; there
+ are several new files!
+
+ - We have rewritten substantial parts of the package in order to
+ increase stability and also to ease maintenance and extensions;
+ the modularisation is now different, and some of the internal
+ interfaces have been modified. This need not concern the user;
+ the functionality has not been changed, and apparently nothing
+ was broken during the transition to the new structure.
+ - The main reason for the changes was, apart from improving the
+ overall structure, to prepare for the handling of the full
+ Arabic segment of Unicode. This goal has not yet been attained,
+ but it required substantial changes in the internal structures.
+ - The positioning of diacritical marks has on the average been
+ much improved. There are a few exceptions; affected users that
+ need the maximum quality available could try their luck with
+ the new fonts "xnash14" and "xnash14bf" (see below). Otherwise
+ the user interface has not changed.
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - There are two new experimental fonts "xnash14" and "xnash14bf"
+ which overcome some limitations inherent in the previously
+ available versions "nash14" and "nash14bf". These fonts can be
+ activated (if installed) by the new command "\newfont" and can
+ be deactivated again by "\oldfont"; these commands change the
+ meaning of the commands "\setnash" and "\setnashbf" to switch
+ to the new versions, if required, and back. Normal users not
+ requiring the new versions can safely ignore this feature; they
+ need not now install these fonts.
+
+ Bugs:
+
+ - Presently none are known.
+
+==========================================================================
+24.03.98: Version 3.06h
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - some ligatures had been broken by the Sindhi mode; these have
+ been fixed.
+ - kashida before alif maqsura works again.
+
+ Problems:
+
+ - verses produced via "verses.sty" will ruin the word spacing if
+ they occur within an Arabic paragraph inside a footnote, and
+ possibly in other circumstances. There is a workaround: put the
+ command "\setspace{4.3pt plus 0.001fil}" after the last verse.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+11.03.98: Version 3.06g3
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - bi-directional linebreaking has been improved; there were some
+ spurious blank spaces.
+
+ New features:
+
+ - ArabTeX is now believed to be compatible with the BABEL system.
+ We cannot test this locally; reports are welcome. We acknowledge
+ useful hints by Olaf Kummer and Johannes Braams.
+
+ - there is now less spurious information in the LOG file.
+
+ - there are some preparations for processing the UTF-8 encoding
+ and the extended Arabic character set provided in UNICODE. These
+ features cannot yet be accessed from the user level.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+26.01.98: Version 3.06f
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - the special handling of final "mim" has been restricted to the
+ Sindhi mode.
+ - the positioning of diacritics has been improved.
+
+ - Hebrew and EDMAC users: the "\if@lodia effect" has been fixed.
+
+ Note to users of EDMAC:
+
+ - download the new version 3.06a of 22.01.98 of "aedpatch.sty".
+ This fixes the format of footnote paragraphs. (This correction
+ cannot technically be handled by a patch within "apatch.sty").
+
+ Note to users of the Sindhi mode:
+
+ - please download the fonts again to get all characters.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+15.12.97: Version 3.06e
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - "alif maqsura" and isolated "hamza" take explicit vowel marks
+ and also "tanwin" if required.
+ - final "mim" in the Urdu mode again has the long shape. In the
+ Sindhi mode a short form is simulated by a kashida if needed.
+ - in Urdu the encoding <,d> produces "dal" with a "toi" accent,
+ and initial <U> becomes "alif+damma" and "waw" as required.
+ - some transcription errors in Urdu mode have been fixed.
+ - some ligatures in Sindhi mode are improved.
+
+ Problems:
+
+ - medial "wavy hah" in Urdu has a mark below it (controversial).
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+27.11.97: Version 3.06d
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - the input letter <A> denotes alif also in initial position and
+ after a prefix separated by a hyphen. It may take short vowels,
+ and also sukun (only if quoted). This feature may be useful when
+ copying corrupted texts.
+ - the "lam" of the article carries "sukun" also if the following
+ word starts with "`ayin", like with the other "moon letters".
+ - the encodings <I> and <iy> are equivalent; also <Iy> and <iyy>,
+ <U> and <uw>, <Uw> and <uww>.
+ - <"> and <""> at the beginning of a word generate alif with wasla
+ even after a prefix.
+ - a prefix before hyphen no more needs a short vowel to work.
+ - the invisible character <|> is legal in the initial or the final
+ position (but makes no sense there). It never takes a vowel mark.
+
+ New features:
+
+ - the inflection endings <-a>, <-i>, <-u>, <-aN>, <-iN>, <-uN> may
+ be separated by a hyphen, also if written <-aNA>. Otherwise the
+ character after a hyphen will be considered to start a new word,
+ but may be joined to the prefix if possible (e.g., in <al-i-ismu>
+ where <-i-> is a connection vowel producing "kasra", and <ismu>
+ starts with "alif" "wasla" combined with "lam" into "lam-alif"
+ carrying both "wasla" and "kasra".)
+ - if a ligature is separated by <|> or <--> (kashida), any vowel
+ mark present will migrate to the appropriate character glyph. The
+ same happens with the implicit vowel mark that is produced by the
+ long vowels in the vowelizing modes.
+ - a comma <,> between digits will no more break the digit sequence
+ but will be recognized as a decimal separator. A hyphen <-> and a
+ solidus </> will also not break a digit sequence. A "number" must
+ still begin with a digit to be recognized.
+
+ Problems:
+
+ - the Urdu mode is still broken.
+ - for the new language modes (see 3.06) there is yet no (correct)
+ transcription.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - users of the Sindhi mode should regenerate the fonts otherwise
+ the "wide kaf" may be missing.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+23.11.97: Version 3.06c
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - final "alif maqsura" carries no sukun.
+ - in connection with EDMAC, an Arabic lemma bearing a footnote is
+ spread out by the same factor as the rest of the line, (e.g. in
+ verses) even if it contains spaces.
+ - Arabic footnotes with EDMAC no more produce overfull boxes, and
+ will no more let the page overflow.
+
+ Known bugs:
+
+ - prefixes separated by a hyphen must presently be given in the
+ fully vowelized input form, otherwise the writing is wrong.
+ - The Urdu mode is broken; also its transcription is wrong.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+25.09.97: Version 3.06b
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - in Kurdish mode, kashida and breaking of ligatures work now
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+18.09.97: Version 3.06a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - there were sometimes spurious newlines if the transliteration
+ was generated via an Arabic insertion
+ - ligatures can again be broken by inserting a bar |
+ - the ligatures family lam-gim, ta-gim etc. works again
+ - there were spurious spaces in bidirectional text under EDMAC
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+06.08.97: Version 3.06
+
+ Status:
+
+ - This is a new minor version. All existing patches have been
+ merged into the respective macro files.
+ - This doc file has been trimmed down; history information up to
+ version 3.00 has been moved to "changes2.txt".
+ - Several file names of the mini-documentation have been changed
+ to lower case and carry the suffix ".txt", for the benefit of
+ certain web-browsers. See also the file "arabtex.htm".
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - some minor bugs have been fixed that had introduced spurious
+ spaces or newlines when switching between Arabic and Hebrew.
+ - "kashida" (--) between a consonant and a (long or short) vowel
+ will no more split the vowel indicator from the consonant glyph.
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - the new command "\setsindhi" will switch to a language mode for
+ Sindhi in an extended Arabic script. For details, process and
+ read the file "sindhi.tex".
+ - the new command "\setuighur" will switch to a language mode for
+ Uighuric in an extended Arabic script. For details, process and
+ read the file "uighur.tex".
+ - the new command "\setmalay" will switch to a language mode for
+ Old Malay (Jawi) in an extended Arabic script. For details,
+ process and read the file "malay.tex".
+ - These new language modes are strictly experimental and just a
+ starting point. As the author speaks none of these languages,
+ feedback and comments by interested users are badly needed.
+
+==========================================================================
+19.06.97: Version 3.05h
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - some ligatures with "kaf" have been improved.
+ - "quoting" of "wasla" works in all vowel modes.
+ - "kashida" works also before long vowels.
+ - breaking of ligatures works correctly also with long vowels
+ and in combination with "quoting".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+12.06.97: Version 3.05g
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - a bug fix for the new Sindhi module has been introduced (this
+ mode is in alpha status and not yet publicly available; if you
+ are interested in testing it: enquire)
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+10.06.97: Version 3.05f
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - a spurious error message about a "missing character" has been
+ eliminated.
+ - "\settrans{english}" switches again to the transliteration
+ conventions of the Library of Congress.
+ - ArabTeX will no more overwrite a user macro "\x".
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - the new command "\arabfootnotes" makes LaTeX footnotes run from
+ right to left, and their text is considered Arabic by default.
+ There is as yet no command to switch back to the default mode
+ (left to right, Roman). With Plain TeX the new command is not
+ yet available.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+28.05.97: Version 3.05e
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - <U> in the Urdu mode works again.
+ - some errors in the transliteration have been corrected.
+ - some ligatures have been corrected.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+22.05.97: Version 3.05d
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - \tabular structures within the Arabic document classes are now
+ correctly aligned.
+ - a few ligatures have been improved.
+ - some internal routines have been updated preparing for some
+ planned extensions. No visible effect.
+ - a new test for version clashes has been introduced.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+14.05.97: Version 3.05c
+
+ Fixes: The patching routine seems to work again.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+14.05.97: Version 3.05b
+
+ Problems:
+
+ - LaTeX is too clever and interferes with the patching routine.
+ Therefore the existing patches for Hebrew have been moved to
+ the file "hepatch.sty". Arabic mode is presently not affected.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+13.05.97: Version 3.05a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - in Hebrew mode when using HED encoding, Thet and Maqqef did
+ not work correctly.
+ - in EDMAC mode with Plain TeX the list of modules was missing.
+ - some internal interfaces have been updated. This has no effect
+ on the external operation but helps stability.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+07.05.97: Version 3.05
+
+ Status:
+
+ - The internal structure has changed extensively; this need not
+ trouble the user.
+ - Warning: NEVER MIX old and new files; they may be incompatible!
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - A number of minor and some major bugs have been fixed.
+
+ Modifications:
+
+ - With EDMAC, the first argument of \text need not fit on the
+ current line. All arguments are assumed to be Roman text; they
+ may contain (or consist of) \<Arabic insertions>.
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - The ISIRI 3342 encoding is supported; load the reading module
+ by \input isiri.sty or \usepackage {isiri}. Activate it by the
+ command \setcode {isiri}.
+ - Hebrew support has been expanded; read the file "hebrew.305".
+ ArabTeX will try to use fonts locally available, irrespective
+ of their encoding.
+ - the file "verses.sty" supports typesetting poetry in two blocks.
+ For a description, see the file itself.
+ - See also the comments on Version 3.04 below.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - If you want to process the manual "arabdoc.tex" under LaTeX 2e
+ and get error messages, delete the *.aux, *.toc, and *.lot file
+ and try again. These files depend on the LaTeX version used.
+ - see also version 3.04.
+
+ Complaints:
+
+ - There is STILL no Nasta`liq font.
+ - the user manual "arabdoc.tex" is outdated.
+
+ Known bugs:
+
+ - None as yet.
+
+ How to move from earlier minor versions to version 3.05:
+
+ - replace the contents of "TEXINPUT" and "REPORT".
+ - read and/or print "README.305"
+ - if interested, process the user manual "arabdoc.tex"; see the
+ hints above.
+
+==========================================================================
+05.10.96: Version 3.04e
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - removed many small bugs in Persian (thanks, Ivan Dershzanski!)
+ - initial <alif> coded <A> in verbatim mode may carry a vowel
+ - <yah> without dots coded <Y> acts like a consonant except at the
+ end of a word
+ - <aNy> denotes <fathatan> on <alif maqsura> erroneously written
+ with dots
+
+ Modifications:
+
+ - removed quoted hamza ("') from verbatim mode (was ambiguous!)
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+18.05.96: Version 3.04d
+10.05.96: Version 3.04c (not distributed)
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - in "arabart.cls" (twocolumn) the right column is output first
+ to get correct numbering of sectional units
+ - corrected the vertical position of "marginpar"
+ - a space is assumed after a new command defined via \allowarab
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+08.04.96: Version 3.04b
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - \footnote works again within an Arabic environment
+
+ Known bugs:
+
+ - \footnote is incompatible with "arabart.cls"
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+21.03.96: Version 3.04a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - \baselineskip works correctly with EDMAC
+ - \emphasize puts the overbar at uniform height in \novocalize
+
+ Necessary action:
+
+ If required, download the ASCII file "apatch.sty" again. This
+ is a patch for version 3.04!
+
+ See also version 3.04 below.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+19.03.96: Version 3.04
+
+ Status:
+
+ - ArabTeX now cooperates well with LaTeX 2e (June 1995 and later)
+ and also still with Plain TeX and LaTeX 2.09. The configuration
+ is determined automatically. With LaTeX 2e ArabTeX and all its
+ suboptions are packages.
+ - The internal structure has changed extensively; this need not
+ trouble the user.
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - \baselineskup, \parskip, \baselinestretch now work correctly
+ in the Arabic modes.
+ - The TeX special characters \#, \$, \%, \& can now be used (they
+ just had been forgotten).
+ - A number of minor bugs have been fixed.
+
+ Modifications:
+
+ - Digits and punctuation have been raised to the writing line.
+ We feel this looks better.
+ - The handling of numbers (= digit sequences) has been improved.
+ Within a number, the decimal separator is the comma.
+ - Bidirectional line-breaking has again been much improved. The
+ command \goodpar still works but is rarely required.
+ - The option "abidir" is no more necessary.
+ - The option "nashbf" is no more necessary.
+ - The option "abjad" is no more necessary.
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - User defined macros can be made known to ArabTeX by the
+ declaration \allowarab {\macro_name} (previous to their use
+ within an Arabic environment). The replacement text after
+ substituting the parameters must be legal ArabTeX input and
+ may contain further macro calls. The macro must be previously
+ defined via \newcommand or \def.
+
+ - The Arabic Windows encoding is supported; load the reading
+ module by \input arabwin.sty, \usepackage {arabwin} or by
+ adding the LaTeX 2.09 option "arabwin". Activate it by the
+ command \setcode {arabwin}.
+
+ - There are some additional transliteration modes for Persian
+ and Urdu; in case of interest: inquire directly.
+
+ - The package "raw.sty" defines the command \setraw to switch
+ off all special processing for numbers, special characters
+ and parentheses. This may be helpful for OCR work. Switch
+ back by \unsetraw.
+
+ - The (experimental) LaTeX 2e class file "arabart.cls" provides
+ an Arabic article format. Within Arabic environments a number
+ of LaTeX commands are enabled: sectioning, list environments,
+ page headers and footers, table of contents, footnotes, quote,
+ quotation, verse, center, twocolumn. All text arguments are
+ considered to be Arabic text in the chosen encoding. Some of
+ the LaTeX environments are missing, e.g., tabular and tabbing,
+ minipages, pictures. They can usually be simulated by leaving
+ the Arabic environment and reverting to the standard LaTeX
+ commands.
+
+ We are working on extensions to this format; suggestions and
+ bug reports are welcome. We do not intend to supply a version
+ for LaTeX 2.09.
+
+ - See also the comments on Version 3.03 below.
+ - The notes in README.303 still apply.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - Uniform baselines may be obtained by setting \lineskiplimit
+ to -\baselineskip and adjusting \baselinestretch to 1.4 (with
+ LaTeX) or \baselineskip to 1.4\baselineskip with Plain TeX.
+ Some experimenting is advised.
+ - If you want to process the manual "arabdoc.tex" under LaTeX 2e
+ first move the file "arabimax.tex" to the REPORT subdirectory.
+ You will get some error messages on the first run. Forget them
+ and process the file again; LaTeX 2e is to blame. Warning: the
+ report is not quite up to date.
+ - Put any local macro definitions into the LaTeX preamble or else
+ precede them by \setnone; thus the < sign can be used in the
+ normal meaning as a comparison operator. Activate short Arabic
+ insertions again by \setarab or any other of the commands for
+ language choice.
+ - PiCTeX users may use Arabic labels within diagrams if and only
+ if these are included in \< and > (NOT < and >).
+ - If you use MlTeX and the output looks broken, note the version
+ number of MlTeX and inform us.
+
+ Complaints:
+
+ - There is STILL no Nasta`liq font.
+
+ Known bugs:
+
+ - None as yet.
+
+ How to move from earlier minor versions to version 3.04:
+
+ - read and/or print "README.303"
+
+==========================================================================
+04.07.95: Version 3.03e
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - Final yah before hamza works again
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+24.05.95: Version 3.03d
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - After switching to other encodings switching back to the
+ standard encoding works again.
+ - An empty \RL {} insertion will no more blow the system.
+
+ Problems:
+
+ - see version 3.03c
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+02.05.95: Version 3.03c
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - The METAFONT routines for the fonts "nash14" and "nash14bf"
+ used a file "asymbols.mf" that conflicted with the AMS-Fonts.
+ This file has been renamed to "arabsymb.mf". To use the new
+ version, download "arabsymb.mf" and "nashbase.mf" from the
+ subdirectory ARABTEX/MFINPUT and delete "asymbols.mf". This
+ only concerns users who need to regenerate the fonts locally.
+
+ Problems:
+
+ - The font "dclassic" used by the Hebrew mode of ArabTeX has on
+ the archive "noa.huji.ac.il" been replaced by a new version
+ that is incompatible to the previous version while keeping the
+ same name. We are working on a solution to resolve the ensuing
+ compatibility problems. Users of the previous version are not
+ affected.
+
+ Acknowledgment:
+
+ - The routines for building up punctuated Hebrew characters have
+ profited from macros written by Joel Hoffmann and contained in
+ his packages "dots.sty" and "hvowel1.sty". We apologize for not
+ pointing out this fact clearly.
+
+ Necessary action:
+
+ - Normally none, except if indicated above.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+24.04.95: Version 3.03b
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - The handling of single and double quotes, and of other special
+ characters, in the ASMO 449 and ISO 8859-6 encodings has been
+ improved.
+ - After a punctuation character inside a word (usually an error)
+ no space will be produced.
+ - <tanwIn> on <'alif maqsUraT> works again.
+ - In \setverb mode, a <harakaT> on <'alif> now works.
+ - In \setverb mode, <A> may be used to produce <'alif>.
+ - The ligature <lm|a> is produced instead of <l|ma>.
+ - <ba'>, <ya'> etc. before <lAm> now have the short form.
+
+ Known bugs in ArabTeX:
+
+ - \begin{arabtext} inside a minipage will produce a spurious
+ empty line; the reason is unknown.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - Numbers after quotes will not be recognized as such and thus
+ will be reversed; as a workaround, leave a space around the
+ digits, e.g., <`` 1234 ''> or use a \nospace command, e.g.,
+ <`` \nospace 1234 \nospace ''>.
+ Mind the spaces before the \nospace commands in the example!
+ - With LaTeX2e, load ArabTeX and its suboptions by the command
+ \usepackage.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+28.03.95: Version 3.03a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - A workaround for an error in some versions of ML-TeX has
+ been tentatively introduced. Non-ML-TeX users may safely
+ ignore this.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+10.03.95: Version 3.03
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - A number of minor bugs have been fixed, nothing dramatic.
+ - The spacing of punctuation has been improved.
+
+ Modifications:
+
+ - Hebrew vowel points are provided. Hebrew mode now uses the font
+ "dclassic". It can be downloaded e.g. from "noa.huji.ac.il".
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - The Hebrew encoding used in the machine readable version
+ of BHS is supported. See README.303!
+ - \obeylines and \obeyspaces also work for Arabic text. They
+ however must be used in a group that contains the Arabic
+ text AND this group must be followed by at least one space.
+ - An <Arabic insertion> inside a \verbatim environment will be
+ typeset in Arabic. Big TeX may be necessary.
+ An Arabic environment will be typeset verbatim.
+ - \vskip, \hskip, \vspace, \hspace, \newpage, \vfill are legal
+ in Arabic mode.
+ - A list of the loaded modules is put into the log file.
+
+ Known bugs:
+
+ - None as yet.
+
+ How to move from earlier minor versions to version 3.03:
+
+ - completely replace the contents of the subdirectory TEXINPUT
+ - move the updated files "arabdoc?.tex" from the outermost level
+ to the subdirectory "REPORT"
+ - read and/or print "README.303"
+
+==========================================================================
+12.08.94: Version 3.02b
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - \fullvocalize mode uses somewhat less TeX main memory than
+ before but might still overflow; using \newpage explicitly
+ could help
+ - some ligatures have been improved
+ - spacing has been improved in short insertions when the
+ transliteration is also generated
+ - in Hebrew mode, HED encoding, double letters work again
+ - explicit spreading works again correctly
+ - <hamza> in rare cases had the wrong carrier
+ - if an Arabic word starts with a vowel, "quoting" toggles
+ <wasla> if no vowel is given in the input
+ - bidirectional line-breaking has been much improved. The
+ command \goodpar is rarely necessary
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - etrans.sty is no more necessary; load atrans.sty
+ - \settrans{english} switches to the romanization conventions
+ of the Library of Congress
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+19.07.94: Version 3.02a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - in Arabic, alif maqsura after tanwin works again
+ - in Hebrew, before an apostrophe the medial form is used
+ - in Hebrew, hyphen/maqqef works correctly
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - with Plain TeX (and/or EDMAC) only: load the ASCII file
+ "apatch.sty" explicitly as the last file!
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+14.07.94: Version 3.02
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - some minor bugs have been corrected
+ - the User Manual has been slightly updated, but is otherwise
+ somewhat out of date.
+
+ Modifications:
+
+ - for storage reasons the transcription module is not loaded
+ automatically; add the LaTeX option "atrans" if required,
+ or say "\input atrans.sty".
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - EDMAC 3.00 and EDMAC 3.15 are both supported.
+ - the LaTeX option "abidir" provides the new command \RL {text}
+ for right-to-left insertions; it is used like <text> which is
+ still provided, and which should be used wherever possible for
+ reasons of efficiency.
+ - the LaTeX option "hebtex" loads the modules for processing text
+ in Hebrew. Switch to Hebrew by \sethebrew, and back to Arabic
+ by \setarab. Hebrew text can be coded in the standard ArabTeX
+ input notation, or in the encoding used by the editor HED; the
+ latter coding is activated by \setcode {hed}. The reading module
+ is supposed to also process texts in "newcode" (not tested!)
+ - For using the Hebrew mode, the font "deadsea" must be available;
+ it can be downloaded e.g. from "noa.huji.ac.il". Vowels are
+ presently not provided.
+ - For details see the ASCII file "readme.302".
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - only load the modules really required, or you might have to use
+ a Big TeX!
+
+ Known bugs:
+
+ - None.
+
+ How to move from earlier minor versions to version 3.02:
+
+ - completely replace the contents of the subdirectory TEXINPUT
+ - move the updated files "arabdoc?.tex" from the outermost level
+ to the subdirectory "REPORT"
+ - read and/or print "README.302"
+
+==========================================================================
+05.05.94: Version 3.01a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - \parskip now has effect also inside Arabic environments.
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - The EDMAC commands \pstart, \pend, \autopar are allowed
+ inside an Arabic environment, IF properly nested.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+28.04.94: Version 3.01
+
+ There has been extensive internal rewriting but the external
+ effects are minor.
+
+ - \setarab is the language default again. It will no more break
+ the user's macro definitions IF these are put into the LaTeX
+ preamble, or before "\input arabtex.sty" when using Plain TeX.
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - Spaces are normally ignored after allowed control sequences
+ inside Arabic text, (if not produced by the command itself.)
+ - The spacing between a final silent <hah> in Persian and the
+ next word has been improved.
+
+ - An error in "twoblocks.sty" has been corrected that produced
+ a spurious vertical space.
+ - An error in "asmo449.sty" has been corrected that produced
+ nonsense from the combination "Gdr" (article with an explicit
+ <sukUn>)
+ - In "abjad.sty", the <gIm> for the numeral 3 has no dot.
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - The commands \smallskip, \medskip, \bigskip, \newpage,
+ \clearpage, \pagebreak, \hskip {glue}, \vskip {glue}, \today
+ now work inside Arabic text.
+ - there is a new language mode: \setturk for Ottoman.
+ The input notation has been extended to cover both the standard
+ and the modern Turkish transliteration.
+ The documentation remains to be written :-(
+ - there is a new language mode: \setkurdish for Kurdish.
+ The documentation remains to be written :-(
+ - "" produces an explicit <sukUn> except in \fullvocalize mode
+ where it deletes a <sukUn> otherwise present.
+ - The new commands \setarabfont {\nash} or \setarabfont {\nashbf}
+ supersede \setnash and \setnashbf (which are still supported).
+
+ Known bugs:
+
+ - None.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - The LaTeX style option "atrans" is redundant.
+ - After changing the input coding, select the language mode and
+ the vowelization mode anew (this is a feature :-).
+
+ How to move from earlier minor versions to version 3.01:
+
+ - completely replace the contents of the directory TEXINPUT
+ - observe that there is a new file "acmd.sty"
+
+==========================================================================
+07.12.93: Version 3.00b
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - corrected handling of <tanween fatha> in \setverb mode.
+ - improved error handling for illegal commands.
+ - ligature <geem>-<meem> also in spreading mode.
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - \setspace{rubber_length} changes the default for spaces in
+ Arabic text; 3pt plus .5fil is recommended for \spreadbox.
+
+ Known bugs:
+
+ - arguments of boxing commands may not contain insertions.
+ - in ASMO449, the combination Gdr (article with an explicit
+ sukoon) will produce nonsense.
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - There is no language default. Do not forget \setarab etc.
+ or otherwise you might get strange results.
+ - After changing the input coding, select the language and
+ the vowelization mode anew (this is a feature).
+
+ These are in the manual but easily overlooked.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+26.11.93: Version 3.00a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - the <hamza> carrier is now <ya'> the before diphthong <ay>
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - more Qur'anic writing variants provided
+ - \hfil is allowed in Arabic text
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+20.11.93: Major Version 3.00
+
+ Status:
+
+ - large portions of the code have been rearranged and partly
+ rewritten
+ - The User Manual has been extensively updated and describes
+ all (supported) ArabTeX features currently implemented
+ - Version 3.00 seems to be compatible with Version 2 files
+ - NFSS and NFSS2 can be used but are not required
+ - all known bugs have been removed
+ - Version 3.00 still can be run (slowly) on a standard PC XT
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - texts coded in ASMO 449 or ISO 8859-6 can now be processed
+ - several historic writing variants are additionally supported
+ - details of Farsi support are now described in the User Manual
+ - many new commands are valid inside Arabic text; a complete
+ list appears in the log file of each ArabTeX run, and also
+ in the new User Manual
+ - see also versions 2.00 - 2.08 below
+
+==========================================================================
+
+ How to move from version 2.0x, 0 <= x <= 8, to version 3.00:
+
+ - completely replace the contents of the directory TEXINPUT
+ - completely replace the contents of the directory REPORT
+ - process AND READ the new User Manual "arabdoc.tex"
+ - leave the fonts alone
+
+ How to move from version 1 (or none at all) to version 3.00:
+
+ - Do as above; install the fonts "nash14" and "nash14bf" first
+ according to local TeX conventions.
+ - If the font "nash10" is still there, delete it.
+
+==========================================================================
+ For information on older versions see the file "changes2.txt".
+==========================================================================
+ Prof. Klaus Lagally
+ Institut fuer Formale Methoden der Informatik
+ Universitaet Stuttgart
+ Universitaetsstrasse 38
+ D-70569 Stuttgart
+ GERMANY
+
+ lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+ FAX: +49 - 711 - 7816 370
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (c) 1990 - 2003, Klaus Lagally
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/changes2.txt b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/changes2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8437dc3091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/changes2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+CHANGES 25.10.1993
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ArabTeX Version 2
+ =================
+ (for information on newer versions see the file "changes.txt")
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+25.10.93: Version 2.08 (not widely distributed)
+
+ Status:
+
+ - all corrections in version 2.07 have been incorporated; there
+ has been extensive rearrangement of code
+ - all known bugs have been removed
+ - some details in the manual have been rearranged; otherwise
+ the manual is slightly out of date
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - \footnote in Arabic text now also works inside a minipage
+ - more commands are valid inside Arabic text; a complete list
+ appears in the log file
+ - see also versions 2.07a - d below
+
+ How to move from version 2.0x, 0 <= x <= 7d:
+
+ - install all files in the directory TEXINPUT anew
+ - replace "arabdoc.tex", "arabdoc0.tex", "arabdoc.ind" in the
+ directory REPORT
+ - leave the fonts alone
+
+ How to move from version 1 (or none at all) to version 2.08:
+
+ - Do as above; install the fonts "nash14" and "nash14bf" first
+ according to local TeX conventions.
+ - If the font "nash10" is still there, delete it.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+01.07.93: Version 2.07d
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - "quoting" for <sukun> and <wasla> works now correctly.
+ - <H> for silent <hah> in Persian works as described.
+
+ Additions:
+
+ - <j> instead of <^g> for <gim>, and <x> instead of <_h> for <hhah>
+ are now legal, but not recommended.
+
+ If required, download the ASCII file "apatch.sty" again.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+04.05.93: Version 2.07c
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - a modification that will usually prevent a known bug in Ml-TeX
+ from doing too much harm. May be ignored by non-Ml-TeX-users;
+ otherwise download the new version of "apatch.sty".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+26.03.93: Version 2.07b
+
+ New features:
+
+ - The commands \smallskip, \medskip, \bigskip, \input filename
+ work also inside an arabic environment
+ - <aa> works like <A>: <kaatib> is like <kAtib>.
+ There always was <iy> for <I>, <uw> for <U>.
+ - Download the "apatch.sty" ASCII file again if you have already
+ installed the version 2.07.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+25.03.93: Version 2.07a
+
+ Fixes:
+
+ - There was a subtle interaction with the \tabular environment
+ which prevented printing of the user manual.
+ - Download the "apatch.sty" ASCII file again if you have already
+ installed the version 2.07.
+ - The compressed versions have been corrected.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+22.03.93: Version 2.07
+
+ Policy:
+
+ - ArabTeX is still free for scientific purposes, but we should
+ appreciate receiving an offprint of any publication produced
+ by using ArabTeX, for our collection. This does not apply to
+ any personal correspondence.
+
+ Status:
+
+ - There have been extensive changes to all "*.sty" files.
+ - Many minor errors have been fixed.
+ - There is a new file "aedpatch.sty".
+ - The tentative features of version 2.06 have been incorporated.
+ - The command processing has been completely reworked and is
+ believed to be more robust.
+ - The font has not changed.
+ - The user manual has not yet been updated; visible changes are
+ minor.
+
+ New features:
+
+ - ArabTeX is now compatible with the EDMAC package for critical
+ editions (see TUGboat 11/1, 623-643 (1990)). Just load ArabTeX
+ *after* loading EDMAC. The necessary extensions will be loaded
+ automatically via "aedpatch.sty".
+ - All arguments of EDMAC commands are considered "Roman" text but
+ may contain arabic insertions.
+
+ Changes and extensions:
+
+ - Arabic insertions may now also contain commands.
+ - Most Plain TeX or LaTeX commands that make sense in an arabic
+ environment are now allowed, as well as in arabic insertions.
+ - Font, mode and size changing commands obey the normal grouping
+ rules.
+ - The commands \footnote and \marginpar work now both in Plain TeX
+ and LaTeX mode; observe the different calling conventions!
+ - The \marginpar command inside arabic text works also with Plain
+ TeX, analogous to the LaTeX \marginpar command; marginal notes
+ always go to the right margin. If this feature is used, the user
+ may have to adjust the parameters \marginparwidth, \marginparsep,
+ and \hsize accordingly.
+ - The new options \accentshigh and \accentslow influence the
+ positioning of the diacritical marks. \accentslow is the default.
+ - The new options \oldtanwin and \newtanwin influence the position
+ of <tanwin fa.tha>: on the last consonant or on the final <alif>
+ if applicable. Defaults are language dependent.
+ - A group of arabic words can be emphasized by overlining; this is
+ effected by \emphasize {arabic words}.
+ - A group of arabic words, if enclosed in curly braces, is not
+ split across a line boundary.
+ - A final silent <hah> in Persian can be denoted <h>, <H>, or <T>.
+
+ Known problems:
+
+ - None at present.
+
+ How to move from versions 2.05 - 2.06 to version 2.07:
+
+ - Replace all "*.sty" files
+ - The fonts "nash14" and "nash14bf" are unchanged.
+
+ How to move from versions 2.00 - 2.04 to version 2.07:
+
+ - As above; add the manual files "arabdoc*.*" in the directory
+ "report" and process them to get the User Manual.
+
+ How to move from version 1 (or none at all) to version 2.07:
+
+ - Do as above; install the fonts "nash14" and "nash14bf" first
+ according to local TeX conventions.
+ - If the font "nash10" is still there, delete it.
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+02.12.92: Version 2.06
+
+ Status:
+
+ - This is an experimental version processing some Persian
+ features differently; otherwise identical to version 2.05.
+ - This version is NOT part of the packages "arabtex.zip" and
+ "arabtex.tar.Z"; instead there are additional ASCII files
+ "apatch25.sty", "apatch26.sty", and "arab2-06.doc". Thus
+ installing it does not destroy a working version 2.05.
+ - This version has not been extensively tested.
+ - Moving back and forth between versions 2.05 and 2.06 is easy.
+
+ - For details: see the file "arab2-06.doc".
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+05.11.92: Version 2.05
+
+ Status:
+
+ - There is a new User Manual "arabdoc.tex" in the subdirectory
+ "report". It contains many examples for the use of ArabTeX;
+ some of them also show several small extensions for special
+ cases which are not otherwise documented, but supported.
+ - The new User Manual is in ArabTeX format for local printing,
+ so it serves at the same time as an extensive installation test.
+ A hard-copy version is available on request; write to the author
+ and enclose DM 10 (outside of Europe US$ 10) to cover printing
+ and mailing expenses. For additional DM 5 (US$ 5) you can also
+ get the software on diskette (please indicate computer system,
+ TeX implementation version, and desired diskette format).
+ - The "*.sty" files have been updated so that the system works
+ (apparently) exactly as described in the User Manual; some small
+ bugs that have shown up in the meantime have been fixed.
+
+ Changes and extensions:
+
+ - The vowel marks, if shown, are now positioned at about the same
+ height from the baseline.
+ - Arabic words can be emphasized by overlining.
+ - A group of arabic words, if enclosed in curly braces, is not
+ split across a line boundary.
+ - A final mute "hah" in Persian can be denoted <h>, <H>, or <T>.
+
+ How to move from versions 2.00 - 2.04 to version 2.05:
+
+ - Replace all "*.sty" files
+ - Add the manual files "arabdoc*.*" in the directory "report" and
+ process them to get the new User Manual.
+ - The fonts "nash14" and "nash14bf" are unchanged.
+
+ How to move from version 1 (or none at all) to version 2.05:
+
+ - Do as above; install the fonts "nash14" and "nash14bf" first
+ according to local TeX conventions.
+ - If the font "nash10" is still there, delete it.
+
+ Known problems:
+
+ - The non-arabic language modes have not been extensively tested.
+ - The text file "arabtex.doc" can be used as a first introduction,
+ but does not describe all features. For full details, see the
+ User Manual.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+05.08.92: Version 2.04
+
+ Status and fixes:
+
+ - see also Version 2.03 below
+ - "awrite.sty" has been extensively restructured to ease
+ further maintenance
+ - the storage utilization is somewhat better, the running time
+ is about the same as with version 2.02
+
+ Changes: only format and contents of THIS file
+
+ How to move from version 2.02:
+
+ - replace aparse.sty, awrite.sty, aligs.sty
+ or: reinstall all *.sty files if that is easier
+ - the font has NOT changed, leave it alone
+
+ How to move from version 2.00:
+
+ - replace all *.sty files, including "apatch.sty" (new)
+ - the font has NOT changed, leave it alone
+ - there is a new demo for Farsi: "omar.tex"
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+01.08.92: Version 2.03 (not distributed)
+
+ Status and fixes:
+
+ - a rare but grave bug has been fixed; it made ArabTeX explode
+ on <sa'AmaTuN> and a few related words.
+ - to fix the bug, the internal interface of "aparse.sty",
+ "awrite.sty", and "aligs.sty" had to be altered drastically.
+
+ Changes: none
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+03.05.92: Version 2.02
+
+ Status and fixes:
+
+ - there have been extensive changes to nearly all "*.sty" files
+ - the Nasta'liq font is still missing; sorry, but at the moment
+ there is no free time to design it. For the meantime, Naskh will
+ be substituted automatically, and should be readable.
+ - the problem with ^ and _ has been fixed; they now work correctly
+ in all modes
+ - the <~n> problem has been fixed
+ - the prefix <li-> before <alif> with <hamza> below now works, as
+ e.g. in <li-'ism>
+ - short Arabic quotations may be used in moving arguments in
+ LaTeX, e.g. section names, frameboxes, captions, margin notes
+ and the like
+ - Farsi and related languages: <izafet> and <yah-i-wahdat> now
+ seem to work correctly.
+
+ Changes:
+
+ - in Farsi and related languages, the final <hah> after <a> and
+ <e> is NO MORE generated automatically; you have to write it
+ explicitly if you want it. THIS IS NO BUG: the old strategy was
+ found to be inconsistent.
+ - the additional option \showtrue will echo the ASCII input
+ verbatim; \showfalse will switch this mode off again. This
+ feature is intended for test purposes; it might not work in all
+ contexts, and could disappear again.
+ - there is a new file "apatch.sty" which is loaded automatically
+ and will contain last minute corrections (none at the moment)
+
+ Open problems:
+
+ - see "bugs" and "fixes" below
+
+ Hints:
+
+ - with LaTeX, the option "arabtex" should ONLY be followed by its
+ local sub-options like "nashbf" or "atrans"; put other options
+ BEFORE it and DON'T define any own commands that use "<"; use
+ ">" instead.
+ - with Plain TeX, define your own macros BEFORE "\input arabtex".
+
+ How to move from version 2.00 or 2.01:
+
+ - replace all *.sty files, including "apatch.sty" (new)
+ - the font has NOT changed, leave it alone
+ - there is a new demo for Farsi: "omar.tex"
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+15.04.92: Version 2.01 (was available on direct request)
+
+ Status and fixes:
+
+ - Temporary patch for the ^ and _ problem (thanks, Bernd Raichle!)
+ but still does not work in moving arguments
+
+ More known bugs:
+
+ - \footnote does not work (we never promised it would, but will
+ think about it)
+ - \footnotemark may put the mark into unexpected places if used
+ within an Arabic Environment; however:
+ \footnotetext works outside Arabic Environments even with Arabic
+ text in angle brackets
+ - the prefix <li-> as in <li-'ism> will produce garbage
+ - <~n> will blow up
+
+ How to get the version: DON'T, this version is obsolete
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+10.04.92: Version 2.0
+
+ Version 2.00 is here at last. See "README".
+
+ Changes from version 1:
+
+ - now compatible with Plain TeX
+ - new (hopefully) better looking font
+ - many ligatures generated automatically
+ - support for Farsi, Urdu, Pashto, Ottoman, Maghribi
+ - some more documentation
+ - the input coding has changed slightly
+
+ Implementation status:
+
+ - all macro files have version number 2.00
+ - only fonts nash14 and nash14bf, no nasta`liq font yet available
+ - ArabTeX was developed on a PC AT with emTeX and is known also to
+ run on a PC XT and a U*IX work station; therefore it is
+ supposed to be easily portable
+ - language options other than Arabic have not been extensively
+ tested
+
+ Known bugs:
+
+ - control sequences inside of curly braces do not work
+ - arabic insertions may still be started with <
+ - < is an active character and may conflict with the user's macros
+ - ^ and _ do not work correctly in math environments
+ - some troubles with <izafet> in Farsi
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Prof. Klaus Lagally
+ Institut fuer Informatik
+ Universitaet Stuttgart
+ Breitwiesenstrasse 20-22
+ D-70565 Stuttgart
+ GERMANY
+
+ lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+ FAX: +49 - 711 - 7816 370
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (c) 1990 - 1997, Klaus Lagally
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/hebrew.305 b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/hebrew.305
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e77654aeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/hebrew.305
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+HEBREW.305 17.04.1997
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Processing Hebrew with ArabTeX Version 3.05
+ ===========================================
+ These features are not yet described in the User Manual!
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ To process Hebrew input with ArabTeX, you have to load the Hebrew
+ extension "hebtex.sty" that will load several additional modules.
+ After ArabTeX has been loaded, proceed as follows:
+
+ - with LaTeX2e say: \usepackage {hebtex}
+
+ - with LaTeX 2.09: add the style option "hebtex".
+
+ - for use with Plain TeX, say "\input hebtex"; ArabTeX AND the
+ Hebrew extension will be loaded.
+
+ The extension provides a language mode \sethebrew, and several
+ common encodings of texts in Hebrew, that may be switched by
+ the \setcode command. One of the encodings is compatible with
+ Dov Grobgeld's editor HED, so files prepared for HebrewTeX are
+ supposed to be compatible, including most HebrewTeX commands
+ (the Hebrew date quite probably does NOT work correctly).
+ Hebrew "newcode" encoding probably works too, but has not yet
+ been tested. In addition, the standard ArabTeX encoding has been
+ extended to cater for Hebrew too.
+
+ Language switching:
+
+ - \sethebrew switches to Hebrew mode, \setarab back to Arabic.
+ Remember to switch the encoding and the vowelization mode too!
+
+ Standard encoding:
+
+ - \setcode {standard} or \setcode {arabtex}
+ switches to the standard encoding, defined as follows:
+
+ ' aleph b beth g gimel d daleth
+ h heh w waw z zayin _h chet
+ _t teth y yod k kaph l lamed
+ m mem n nun s samekh ` ayin
+ p peh .s sade q qof r resh
+ ,s sin ^s shin S s(h)in t taw
+
+ Note: without punctuation, sin, shin and s(h)in look identical;
+ otherwise "sin" has a dot to the left, "shin" has a dot to the
+ right, "s(h)in" is the form without a dot.
+
+ There are some alternative encodings for soft consonants:
+
+ v for b f for p
+
+ - \vocalize (default) switches on vowels and special punctuation;
+ \novocalize switches them off again.
+
+ "dagesh lene" with "bgdkpt" and "mappiq" with "h" is expressed
+ by prefixing a dot:
+ ".b", ".g", ".d", ".k", ".p", ".t"; ".h"
+
+ Vowels are encoded as follows:
+
+ short long defective half
+ vowels vowels notation vowels
+
+ a pathach A qames .a chateph patach
+ e segol E sere yod _e sere .e chateph segol
+ i chireq I chireq yod .i shewa
+ o qames chatuph O cholem waw _o cholem .o chateph qames
+ u qibbus U shureq .u no vowel mark
+
+ The "matres lectionis" can also be written explicitly, e.g.,
+ "_ey" for "E", "iy" for "I", "_ow" for "O"
+
+ - "patach furtivum" is written ".a" BEFORE its carrier: "rU.a_h".
+
+ - "dagesh forte" is expressed by doubling the consonant; thus two
+ equal consonants in sequence (even in \novocalize mode) must
+ be separated by some short vowel indicator (or ".u"), if the
+ standard encoding is used.
+
+ - "dagesh orthophonicum" is coded like "dagesh forte".
+
+ - "meteg" is indicated by | after the vowel.
+
+ - "maqqef" is -- (en-dash; a single hyphen will be ignored)
+
+ - Prefixes may be separated by a single hyphen, which appears in
+ the transcription without changing the Hebrew writing.
+
+ - For those rare cases where a consonant is missing, input "|
+ (quote bar); this may also carry vowels.
+
+ - "raphe" and cantillation marks are not supported.
+
+ Abbreviations may not be used in this mode as we know of no
+ obvious way of indicating them (sorry; any ideas ?).
+
+ Other encodings:
+
+ - \setcode {hed}, \setcode {newcode} or \setcode {iso8859-8}
+ activates the verbatim reading module for the Hebrew characters
+ in code positions 128 .. 154 as generated by HED, and also
+ in code positions 224 .. 250 ("newcode", ISO 8859-8).
+
+ If this encoding is used, vowel points, dagesh and meteg cannot
+ be used as they cannot be represented in the input encoding.
+ Abbreviations may be expressed by a single or double apostrophe
+ (right quote). The final and the medial forms of characters are
+ equivalent; ArabTeX chooses the appropriate shape automatically.
+
+ - setcode {bhs} switches to the encoding used in the machine-
+ readable version of BHS. Add "bhs" as a LaTeX style option,
+ or say \input bhs.sty. The line-breaks of the source are
+ (usually) respected. BHS line numbers and comments are only
+ partially supported.
+
+ Transcription systems:
+
+ - \transtrue activates the standard ZDMG transcription, and
+ there are provisions for additional transcription systems:
+
+ - \settrans {zaw) switches to the conventions of "Zeitschrift
+ fuer die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft" (recommended);
+
+ - \settrans {gesenius} activates the system used in W. Gesenius'
+ Hebrew Grammar, 26th edition (deprecated).
+
+ - \settrans {standard} restores the standard ZDMG transcription.
+
+ Fonts:
+
+ - Presently ArabTeX provides no own Hebrew font but uses the font
+ "hclassic" which can be downloaded e.g., from
+
+ ftp://noa.huji.ac.il/tex/fonts
+ ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/language/hebrew/fonts
+ ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/language/hebrew/fonts
+
+ This font has been designed by Joel Hoffman, who also wrote some
+ macro packages from which we took a few ideas for positioning
+ punctuation.
+
+ - If no vowel points are required, the standard fonts "DeadSea",
+ "OldJaffa", TelAviv", and "Jerusalem" can also be used. They
+ are activated by the commands \ds, \oj, \ta, \jm; \hc switches
+ to the default "hclassic" font.
+
+ - The "Shalom" family of fonts is activated by \shlmold, \shlmscr,
+ and \shlmstk. Their vowel points presently do NOT work.
+
+ - In case a font is not found but locally available, check and,
+ if required, correct the exact spelling of the font name within
+ the file "Uheb.fd". There are various variants on the Net.
+
+ - Comments and bug reports are welcome.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Prof. Klaus Lagally
+ Institut fuer Informatik
+ Universitaet Stuttgart
+ Breitwiesenstrasse 20-22
+ D-70565 Stuttgart
+ GERMANY
+
+ lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (c) 1997, Klaus Lagally
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/install.txt b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/install.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c980ef8500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/install.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+INSTALL 17.09.2001
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ArabTeX Version 3.10
+ ====================
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ The ArabTeX package is distributed as one of the following
+ binary files:
+
+ arabtex.zip for PC users:
+ The ArabTeX package in compressed ZIP format.
+ Unpack with (PK)UNZIP as a directory tree.
+
+ arabtex.tar.Z for UNIX users:
+ The ArabTeX package in compressed tar format.
+ Unpack as a directory tree.
+
+ In addition, there may be ASCII files "apatch.sty", "hepatch.sty"
+ with last minute corrections. These are not difference files;
+ just put them on the TEXINPUT path.
+
+ Depending on the server there may also be the unpacked files.
+
+ The binary package, if complete, should contain at least:
+
+ Main directory: (ASCII files and subdirectories)
+ ---------------
+ announce.txt describing the current version
+ arabtex.htm general information in HTML format
+ arabtex.gif the ArabTeX logo
+ changes.txt release history and known bugs
+ install.txt THIS file
+ readme.txt general information
+ lppl.txt license information
+
+ doc subdirectory containing documentation
+ texinput subdirectory containing the TeX macros
+ mfinput subdirectory containing the METAFONT sources
+ tfm subdirectory containing the TFM font files
+ laser.pk subdirectory containing 300 dpi pixel files
+ psfonts subdirectory containing T1 Postscript fonts
+ examples subdirectory containing some examples
+
+ Subdirectory "texinput": (ASCII files)
+ ----------------------
+ manifest.txt list of contents
+ .
+ arabtex.sty LaTeX 2e package, LaTeX 2.09 style option: driver
+ arabtex.tex loader and patches for use with Plain TeX
+ hebtex.tex Hebrew mode: loader for use with Plain TeX
+ .
+ about 40 ASCII files containing the ArabTeX macros
+ .
+ miscellaneous utility files (usually not required)
+
+ Subdirectory "report": (ASCII files) (deleted)
+ ---------------------
+ The old user manual that used to be here has been superseded by
+ a new PDF version "doc/arabdoc.pdf"
+
+ Subdirectory "mfinput": (ASCII files)
+ ---------------------
+ nash14.mf METAFONT driver file for font nash14
+ nash14bf.mf METAFONT driver file for font nash14bf
+
+ nash.mf the following files will be loaded automatically:
+ nashbase.mf
+ nashchar.mf
+ nashdia.mf
+ nashdig.mf
+ nashlig.mf
+ nashspec.mf
+ arabsymb.mf
+
+ hclassic.mf Hebrew font by Joel Hoffman
+ hcaption.mf Hebrew font by Joel Hoffman
+ hcbase_p.mf
+
+ xnsh14.mf driver file for font xnsh14
+ xnsh14bf.mf driver file for font xnsh14bf
+ several additional files will be loaded on demand
+
+ Subdirectory "tfm": (Binary files)
+ -------------------
+ hclassic.tfm TeX font metrics
+ hcaption.tfm
+ nash14.tfm TeX font metrics
+ nash14bf.tfm
+ xnsh14.tfm
+ xnsh14bf.tfm
+ yarborn.tfm
+
+ Subdirectory "laser.pk": (Binary files)
+ -------------------
+ nash14.300pk bitmaps in PK format at 300 dpi
+ nash14.329pk \magstephalf
+ nash14.360pk \magstep 1
+ nash14.432pk \magstep 2
+ nash14.518pk \magstep 3
+ nash14.622pk \magstep 4
+ nash14.746pk \magstep 5
+ nash14bf.300k etc.: the same for the font nash14bf
+ analogous files for the other fonts provided
+
+ The font files are customized for a HP Laserjet with 300 dpi
+ resolution. If that does not suit your needs, recompile the
+ sources with METAFONT.
+
+ NOTE: On systems using the 8+3 file naming convention you may
+ have to move the bitmap files to several directories and to
+ rename them according to local conventions.
+
+ Subdirectory "psfonts": (Binary files)
+ ---------------------
+ arabtex.map font description for DVIPS
+ xnsh14.pfb T1 font
+ xnsh14bf.pfb T1 font
+
+ Subdirectory "doc": documentation
+ ---------------------
+ arabdoc.pdf user manual (incomplete, in progress)
+
+ Subdirectory "html": HTML and GIF files
+ ---------------------
+ arabtex.htm documentation in HTML format
+ refer.htm references
+ changes.htm current status
+ chg310.htm
+ some auxiliary files
+
+ Subdirectory "txt": ASCII documentation
+ ---------------------
+ hebrew.305 details on the Hebrew extension
+ readme.305 additional details
+ arabtex.doc a short introduction (rather old)
+ arabtex.faq answers to some Frequently Asked Questions
+ arwindos.tex notes on Windows CP 1256 encoding support
+ malay.tex
+ sindhi.tex notes on various extensions
+ uighur.tex
+ changes2.txt older release history
+
+ Subdirectory "patches": (ASCII) sub-versions
+ ---------------------
+ apatch.sty current sub-version
+ hepatch.sty
+ apatch03.10-
+ hepatch3.10-
+ . former sub-versions as applicable
+
+ Subdirectory "examples": (ASCII and binary files)
+ ---------------------
+ guha.tex a small LaTeX demo
+ guha.dvi the demo output in DVI format
+ guha.ps the demo output in PostScript format
+ omar.tex a small demo for Farsi
+ ligtable.tex a LaTeX demo showing many ligatures
+ .
+ some more example files in PS or DVI format
+
+ NOTE: Depending on the structure of your TeX installation you may
+ have to move the subdirectories to other places and/or to issue
+ some command to refresh the TeX system. This is strongly dependent
+ on the local configuration; possibly ask some local TeX guru.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Prof. Klaus Lagally
+ Institut fuer Informatik
+ Universitaet Stuttgart
+ Breitwiesenstrasse 20-22
+ D-70565 Stuttgart
+ GERMANY
+
+ lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (c) 1990 - 2001, Klaus Lagally
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/kashmiri.tex b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/kashmiri.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..440de9f94c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/kashmiri.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{arabtex}
+\usepackage{kashmiri}
+
+%\advance \topsep -10mm
+%\advance \textwidth 10mm
+%\advance \textheight 10mm
+\parindent 0pt
+\parskip 2mm
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{document}
+\setkashmiri
+
+\title{Kashmiri in Arab\TeX}
+\author {Klaus Lagally}
+%\date {}
+\maketitle
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\makeatletter
+%\urd@false
+
+\begin{table}[tbph]
+\begin{center}
+\Large \tt
+\def <#1>{\<#1> &{\arabfalse \transtrue \<#1>}}
+\begin{tabular}{||c|c|c||c|c|c||c|c|c||c|c|c||}
+\hline
+a &<a> &d &<d> &.d &<.d> &m &<m> \\
+b &<b> &,d &<,d> &.t &<.t> &n &<n> \\
+p &<p> &\_d &<_d> &.z &<.z> &w &<w> \\
+t &<t> &r &<r> &` &<`> &,h &<,h> \\
+,t &<,t> &,r &<,r> &.g &<.g> &y &<y> \\
+\_t &<_t> &z &<z> &f &<f> &h &<h> \\
+j &<j> &\^{}z &<^z> &q &<q> &E &<E> \\
+\^{}c &<^c> &s &<s> &k &<k> &' &<|'> \\
+.h &<.h> &\^{}s &<^s> &g &<g> &T &<T> \\
+\_h &<_h> &.s &<.s> &l &<l> &.y &<B.yB> \\
+\hline
+a &<B|BaB>&i &<B|BiB>&u &<B|BuB>&.o &<B.o> \\
+A &<BA> &I &<BIB> &U &<BU> &.O &<B.O> \\
+.a &<B|B.aB>&.u &<B|B.uB>&o &<Bo> &e &<BeB> \\
+.A &<B.A> &.U &<B|B.UB>&O &<BO> &E &<BEB> \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\rm
+\caption{The Kashmiri Alphabet}
+\label{codes}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\bigskip
+
+There is a new experimental Arab\TeX\ language module {\tt kashmiri.sty}
+for processing Kashmiri texts in the extended Perso-Arabic script.
+This mode works only with Arab\TeX\ version 3.08g or later versions,
+and requires the font ``xnash14''.
+
+To activate Kashmiri mode,
+load the module by \verb+\input{kashmiri.sty}+
+(or else \verb+\usepackage{kashmiri}+ with \LaTeX2e),
+and select the language by \verb+\setkashmiri+.
+Kashmiri input texts are encoded in a modification of the
+standard \ArabTeX\ encoding.
+
+The input codes and the default transcription are given
+in Table~\ref {codes} on page~\pageref {codes}.
+The transcription follows the ALA-LC romanization conventions.
+
+Comments on the encoding and the transcription are welcome.
+Kashmiri mode might later
+become part of the \ArabTeX\ system proper;
+in that case explicit loading of the module will no more be necessary.
+
+\iffalse
+%\bigskip
+%Notes:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\itemsep 0pt
+\item
+This is a preliminary version solely
+intended for inspection, experiments, evaluation, and suggestions.
+The final version may differ in details, depending on feedback
+by the users.
+
+\item
+Use hyphens to resolve ambiguities with aspired consonants.
+
+\item
+If the new font is not available,
+the ``wide letter kaf'' is missing.
+We temporarily substitute an ordinary letter kaf with four dots,
+which does not exist, but should be conspicuous enough.
+%Once the font will have been extended, the substitute should disappear.
+
+\item
+Tanween works as expected: \verb+miN+ <miN> , \verb+'|iN+ <'|iN> .
+
+\item
+The user may want to break some ligatures by inserting a vertical bar,
+to get the correct writing, or just for a better appearance of the script.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+\fi
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\bigskip
+
+{Klaus Lagally\\
+Institut f\"ur Informatik\\
+Breitwiesenstra\ss e 20--22\\
+D-70565 Stuttgart\\
+GERMANY\\
+\tt mailto:lagallyk@acm.org}
+%\date{August 06, 1997}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\end{document}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/lppl.txt b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/lppl.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66db1e0a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/lppl.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+
+The LaTeX Project Public License
+=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
+
+LPPL Version 1.2 1999-09-03
+
+Copyright 1999 LaTeX3 Project
+ Everyone is allowed to distribute verbatim copies of this
+ license document, but modification of it is not allowed.
+
+
+PREAMBLE
+========
+
+The LaTeX Project Public License (LPPL) is the license under which the
+base LaTeX distribution is distributed.
+
+You may use this license for any program that you have written and wish
+to distribute. This license may be particularly suitable if your
+program is TeX-related (such as a LaTeX package), but you may use it
+even if your program is unrelated to TeX. The section `WHETHER AND HOW
+TO DISTRIBUTE PROGRAMS UNDER THIS LICENSE', below, gives instructions,
+examples, and recommendations for authors who are considering
+distributing their programs under this license.
+
+In this license document, `The Program' refers to any program
+distributed under this license.
+
+This license gives conditions under which The Program may be distributed
+and conditions under which modified versions of The Program may be
+distributed. Individual files of The Program may bear supplementary
+and/or superseding conditions on modification of themselves and on the
+distribution of modified versions of themselves, but *no* file of The
+Program may bear supplementary or superseding conditions on the
+distribution of an unmodified copy of the file. A distributor wishing
+to distribute a complete, unmodified copy of The Program therefore
+needs to check the conditions only in this license and nowhere else.
+
+Activities other than distribution and/or modification of The Program
+are not covered by this license; they are outside its scope. In
+particular, the act of running The Program is not restricted.
+
+We, the LaTeX3 Project, believe that the conditions below give you
+the freedom to make and distribute modified versions of The Program
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+maintaining the availability, integrity, and reliability of
+The Program. If you do not see how to achieve your goal while
+meeting these conditions, then read the document `cfgguide.tex'
+in the base LaTeX distribution for suggestions.
+
+
+CONDITIONS ON DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+===========================================
+
+You may distribute a complete, unmodified copy of The Program.
+Distribution of only part of The Program is not allowed.
+
+You may not modify in any way a file of The Program that bears a legal
+notice forbidding modification of that file.
+
+You may distribute a modified file of The Program if, and only if, the
+following eight conditions are met:
+
+ 1. You must meet any additional conditions borne by the file on the
+ distribution of a modified version of the file as described below
+ in the subsection `Additional Conditions on Individual Files of
+ The Program'.
+
+ 2. If the file is a LaTeX software file, then you must meet any
+ applicable additional conditions on the distribution of a modified
+ version of the file that are described below in the subsection
+ `Additional Conditions on LaTeX Software Files'.
+
+ 3. You must not distribute the modified file with the filename of the
+ original file.
+
+ 4. In the modified file, you must acknowledge the authorship and
+ name of the original file, and the name (if any) of the program
+ which contains it.
+
+ 5. You must change any identification string in the file to indicate
+ clearly that the modified file is not part of The Program.
+
+ 6. You must change any addresses in the modified file for the
+ reporting of errors in the file or in The Program generally to
+ ensure that reports for files no longer maintained by the original
+ maintainers will be directed to the maintainers of the modified
+ files.
+
+ 7. You must distribute the modified file under a license that forbids
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+
+ 8. You must do either (A) or (B):
+
+ (A) distribute a copy of The Program (that is, a complete,
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+ offering access to copy the modified file from a designated
+ place, then offering equivalent access to copy The Program
+ from the same place meets this condition, even though third
+ parties are not compelled to copy The Program along with the
+ modified file;
+
+ (B) provide to those who receive the modified file information
+ that is sufficient for them to obtain a copy of The Program;
+ for example, you may provide a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
+ for a site that you expect will provide them with a copy of
+ The Program free of charge (either the version from which
+ your modification is derived, or perhaps a later version).
+
+Note that in the above, `distribution' of a file means making the
+file available to others by any means. This includes, for instance,
+installing the file on any machine in such a way that the file is
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+The conditions above are not intended to prohibit, and hence do not
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+
+A Recommendation on Modification Without Distribution
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+It is wise never to modify a file of The Program, even for your own
+personal use, without also meeting the above eight conditions for
+distributing the modified file. While you might intend that such
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+accident -- you may forget that you have modified the file; or it may
+not occur to you when allowing others to access the modified file
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+of The Program identical with the public one. Many programs provide
+ways to control the behavior of that program without altering its
+licensed files.
+
+
+Additional Conditions on Individual Files of The Program
+--------------------------------------------------------
+
+An individual file of The Program may bear additional conditions that
+supplement and/or supersede the conditions in this license if, and only
+if, such additional conditions exclusively concern modification of the
+file or distribution of a modified version of the file. The conditions
+on individual files of The Program therefore may differ only with
+respect to the kind and extent of modification of those files that
+is allowed, and with respect to the distribution of modified versions
+of those files.
+
+
+Additional Conditions on LaTeX Software Files
+---------------------------------------------
+
+If a file of The Program is intended to be used with LaTeX (that is,
+if it is a LaTeX software file), then the following additional
+conditions, which supplement and/or supersede the conditions
+above, apply to the file according to its filename extension:
+
+ - You may not modify any file with filename extension `.ins' since
+ these are installation files containing the legal notices that are
+ placed in the files they generate.
+
+ - You may distribute modified versions of files with filename
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+ (2) you also distribute the original, unmodified files (TeX input
+ paths can be used to control which set of LaTeX font definition
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+
+ - You may distribute modified versions of files with filename
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+Because of portability and exchangeability issues in LaTeX software,
+The LaTeX3 Project deprecates the distribution of modified versions of
+components of LaTeX or of generally available contributed code for them,
+but such distribution can meet the conditions of this license.
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+
+NO WARRANTY
+===========
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+warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not
+limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for
+a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance
+of The Program is with you. Should The Program prove defective, you
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+
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+distribute and/or modify The Program as permitted above, be liable to
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+inability to use The Program (including, but not limited to, loss of
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+a result of any failure of The Program to operate with any other
+programs), even if The Copyright Holder or said author or said other
+party has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+
+WHETHER AND HOW TO DISTRIBUTE PROGRAMS UNDER THIS LICENSE
+=========================================================
+
+This section contains important instructions, examples, and
+recommendations for authors who are considering distributing their
+programs under this license. These authors are addressed as `you' in
+this section.
+
+
+Choosing This License or Another License
+----------------------------------------
+
+If for any part of your program you want or need to use *distribution*
+conditions that differ from those in this license, then do not refer to
+this license anywhere in your program but instead distribute your
+program under a different license. You may use the text of this license
+as a model for your own license, but your license should not refer to
+the LPPL or otherwise give the impression that your program is
+distributed under the LPPL.
+
+The document `modguide.tex' in the base LaTeX distribution explains
+the motivation behind the conditions of this license. It explains,
+for example, why distributing LaTeX under the GNU General Public
+License (GPL) was considered inappropriate. Even if your program is
+unrelated to LaTeX, the discussion in `modguide.tex' may still be
+relevant, and authors intending to distribute their programs under any
+license are encouraged to read it.
+
+
+How to Use This License
+-----------------------
+
+To use this license, place in each of the files of your program both
+an explicit copyright notice including your name and the year and also
+a statement that the distribution and/or modification of the file is
+constrained by the conditions in this license.
+
+Here is an example of such a notice and statement:
+
+ %% pig.dtx
+ %% Copyright 2001 M. Y. Name
+ %
+ % This program may be distributed and/or modified under the
+ % conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.2
+ % of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+ % The latest version of this license is in
+ % http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+ % and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+ % version 1999/12/01 or later.
+ %
+ % This program consists of the files pig.dtx and pig.ins
+
+Given such a notice and statement in a file, the conditions given in
+this license document would apply, with `The Program' referring to the
+two files `pig.dtx' and `pig.ins', and `The Copyright Holder' referring
+to the person `M. Y. Name'.
+
+
+Important Recommendations
+-------------------------
+
+ Defining What Constitutes The Program
+
+ The LPPL requires that distributions of The Program contain all the
+ files of The Program. It is therefore important that you provide a
+ way for the licensee to determine which files constitute The Program.
+ This could, for example, be achieved by explicitly listing all the
+ files of The Program near the copyright notice of each file or by
+ using a line like
+
+ % This program consists of all files listed in manifest.txt.
+
+ in that place. In the absence of an unequivocal list it might be
+ impossible for the licensee to determine what is considered by you
+ to comprise The Program.
+
+ Noting Exceptional Files
+
+ If The Program contains any files bearing additional conditions on
+ modification, or on distribution of modified versions, of those
+ files (other than those listed in `Additional Conditions on LaTeX
+ Software Files'), then it is recommended that The Program contain a
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+
+ Files containing the text of a license (such as this file) are
+ often examples of files bearing more restrictive conditions on
+ modification. LaTeX configuration files (with filename extension
+ `.cfg') are examples of files bearing less restrictive conditions
+ on the distribution of a modified version of the file. The
+ additional conditions on LaTeX software given above are examples
+ of declaring a category of files bearing exceptional additional
+ conditions.
+
+
+
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/malay.tex b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/malay.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bec04dbad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/malay.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{arabtex}
+
+\parindent 0pt
+\parskip 2mm
+
+\advance \textwidth 10mm
+\advance \textheight 10mm
+\thispagestyle{empty}
+
+\makeatletter
+\def \({\a@verb}
+\makeatother
+
+\begin{document}
+\title{Old Malay in Arab\TeX}
+\author
+{Klaus Lagally\\
+Institut f\"ur Informatik\\
+Breitwiesenstra\ss e 20--22\\
+D-70565 Stuttgart\\
+GERMANY\\
+\tt mailto:lagallyk@acm.org
+}
+\date{August 06, 1997}
+\maketitle
+
+\setmalay
+%\vocalize
+
+\vspace*{-05mm}
+There is a new Arab\TeX\ language mode, \verb+\setmalay+,
+for processing Old Malay texts in the extended Arabic writing.
+
+This mode works only with Arab\TeX\ version 3.06 or later.
+
+Old Malay input texts are encoded in a modification of the
+standard \ArabTeX\ encoding, see below.
+
+This language mode is strictly experimental
+and expected to contain many errors.
+Please report your experience and suggestions
+for changes and improvements to the author.
+
+Additional encodings (note the variants):
+
+\begin{center}
+\Large
+\begin{tabular}{|cc|c|}
+\hline
+\verb+p+ & &<p> \\
+\verb+g+ & &<g> \\
+\verb+v+ & &<v> \\
+\verb+ng+ &\verb+~g+ &<ng>\\
+\verb+ny+ &\verb+~n+ &<ny>\\
+\verb+c+ &\verb+^c+ &<c> \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/miktex.mai b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/miktex.mai
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0f1be054e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/miktex.mai
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+From - Fri Oct 25 14:03:48 2002
+X-Mozilla-Status: 0001
+X-Mozilla-Status2: 00000000
+Return-Path: <pbb@aero-optics.com>
+Received: from ifi.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de (ifi [129.69.211.1])
+ by informatik.uni-stuttgart.de (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id VAA11776
+ for <lagally@linde.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de>; Thu, 24 Oct 2002 21:48:24 +0200
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+ for <lagallyk@acm.org>; Thu, 24 Oct 2002 19:48:19 GMT
+Message-ID: <3DB84F29.3ED9EB87@aero-optics.com>
+Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2002 12:51:05 -0700
+From: "Peter B.C. Barton" <pbb@aero-optics.com>
+X-Sender: "Peter B.C. Barton" <mail247815@mail247815.smtpserver.pop.net> (Unverified)
+X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.61 [en]C-gatewaynet (WinNT; I)
+X-Accept-Language: en
+MIME-Version: 1.0
+To: lagallyk@acm.org
+Subject: Re: ArabTeX on the PC
+References: <3DB80D10.31734B8@aero-optics.com> <3DB844A2.9040900@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de>
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
+Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
+
+Professor Lagally,
+
+Your instructions and help are greatly appreciated. You asked to be notified
+if your instructions work - YES they do! For future reference (for other lost
+souls) the MiKTeX database is refreshed by running config.bat found in the
+C:\texmf\miktex\config directory.
+
+Peter Barton
+
+
+
+
+
+Klaus Lagally wrote:
+
+> Peter B.C. Barton wrote:
+> > Professor Lagally,
+> >
+> > I am not a "TeXpert" and have a question regarding ArabTeX compatibility
+> > on the PC. The ArabTeX homepage specifically mentions PCTeX and
+> > emTeX. I was hoping to employ ArabTeX using MiKTeX. I understand
+> > that ArabTeX will run on any standard implementation of TeX/LaTeX but I
+> > am not able to determine if MiKTeX is standard or non-standard. I
+> > would appreciate any words of advice.
+> >
+> > regards,
+> >
+> > Peter Barton
+>
+> MiKTeX is standard, and works well with ArabTeX. As far as I know MiKTeX
+> uses the standard TeX Directory Structure; to install ArabTeX do the
+> following (according to folklore I cannot check):
+>
+> - unpack ARABTEX.ZIP into some temporary directory, keeping the
+> subdirectory structure intact.
+>
+> - locate your LOCAL TeXMF tree (probably C:\localtexmf\) and therein create:
+>
+> -- a subdirectory \tex\latex\arabtex\ for all files within TEXINPUT
+> -- a subdirectory \fonts\tfm\arabtex\ for all files within TFM
+> -- a subdirectory \fonts\source\arabtex\ for all files within MFINPUT
+> -- a subdirectory \fonts\type1\arabtex\ for all files within PSFONTS
+>
+> - move the files to the appropriate places. The file PSFONTS\arabtex.map
+> is used by DVIPS and should possibly go somewhere else, according to
+> your local needs.
+>
+> - call "texhash" or "texconfig" (or whatever the command is) to refresh
+> your TeX file name database.
+>
+> - move the documentation and whatever else is left over to some
+> convenient place.
+>
+> This is all I know about MiKTeX. Since I do not run Windows I cannot
+> check everything; please tell me if it works.
+>
+> Good luck!
+>
+> KL
+> --
+> Prof. Dr. Klaus Lagally | mailto:lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+> Institut fuer Informatik | Tel. +49-711-7816392 | Zeige mir deine Uhr,
+> Breitwiesenstrasse 20-22 | FAX +49-711-7816370 | und ich sage dir,
+> 70565 Stuttgart, GERMANY | | wie spaet es ist.
+>
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/readme.305 b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/readme.305
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79edc535ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/readme.305
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+README.305 15.03.1997
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ArabTeX Version 3.05
+ ====================
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Additional features not described in the User Manual
+
+| For changes after version 3.02 see change bars in the margin
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ 1. Bidirectional linebreaking
+ -----------------------------
+ Within a Roman paragraph, Arabic insertions may be included
+ by the construct \<Arabic text> ( <Arabic text> initially does
+ the same but may be redefined by the user for other purposes).
+ This construct, though efficient, has the inherent limitation
+ that the contents must fit on the current line, or else the
+ user has to break the text by \| or \break at some reasonable
+ place. Likewise, within an Arabic paragraph Roman insertions
+ may be included by <Roman text>, with the same limitations.
+
+ In many cases, as e.g. in the User Manual, insertions are very
+ short by nature, so the limitations pose no problem. For other
+ applications where the included quotations are much longer than
+ part of a line, some additional commands are provided. These are
+| much less efficient and also have a high demand on storage, so
+| they should only be used when necessary.
+
+ - \RL {Arabic text} allows an insertion of arbitrary length; the
+ lines will be broken automatically. Due to some limitations that
+ are inherent in TeX's algorithm, the line containing the start of
+ the insertion may come out underfull, and also its baseline may be
+ broken. Whenever this happens (only in main vertical mode, never
+ within footnotes, parboxes, or minipages), use of the command
+ \goodpar {paragraphs} may help (see below.)
+
+ - \LR {Roman text} does the same for long Roman insertions in an
+ Arabic paragraph. Here there is no problem with the baseline.
+
+ - \goodpar {Roman paragraphs} will fix the problems with \RL for
+ insertions within the included paragraphs, but might lead to main
+ memory overflow; so use it with care, or use Big TeX.
+
+ - \mbox {\RL {Arabic text}} is equivalent to \<Arabic text>: no
+ line-breaking, as usual.
+
+ - \RL in Arabic mode, and \LR in Roman mode, do no harm but are
+ redundant.
+
+ - the user may, at her/his own risk, include \LR portions within
+ \RL portions, and vice versa. This may lead to some interesting
+ effects (for details, see: Donald E. Knuth and Pierre MacKay,
+ Mixing right-to-left texts with left-to-right texts, TUGboat,
+ Volume 8(1987), No. 1, p. 14 - 25)
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ 2. Processing Hebrew with ArabTeX
+ ---------------------------------
+ An experimental extension that (partially) supports Hebrew may
+ be installed by the LaTeX option "hebtex", or \input hebtex.sty.
+| It provides an additional language mode \sethebrew, and several
+| common encodings of texts in Hebrew, that may be switched by
+| the \setcode command. One of the encodings is compatible with
+| Dov Grobgeld's editor HED, so files prepared for HebrewTeX are
+|| supposed to be compatible, including most HebrewTeX commands
+|| (the Hebrew date quite probably does NOT work correctly).
+|| Hebrew "newcode" encoding (ISO 8859-8) probably works too, but
+ has not yet been tested extensively. In addition, the standard
+ ArabTeX transliteration encoding is also available.
+
+|| For more information, see the text file "hebrew.305". Please
+|| observe that the encoding of vowels written "plene" has been
+|| changed (due to user suggestions!)
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ 3. Support for Arabic Windows
+ -----------------------------
+ Isam G. Ishaq programmed, and donated, a new reading module for
+| the Arabic encoding CP 1256 supported by Arabic Windows. It is
+ installed as a LaTeX option "arabwin" and may be activated by
+| \setcode {arabwin} or \setcode {cp1256}.
+ Some documentation is contained in the file "arwindoc.tex"; try
+ to process it with ArabTeX, or just read the ASCII text.
+
+ As we had little opportunity to test it, this module is supplied
+ as is, without any warranty (as usual), nor support.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ 4. Support for EDMAC
+ --------------------
+ In the transition from EDMAC 3.00 to EDMAC 3.15, some internal
+|| interfaces have changed. ArabTeX 3.05 will adjust itself to the
+ version used automatically.
+
+ The EDMAC commands \pstart, \pend, and \autopar can now also be
+ used within an Arabic paragraph.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+| 5. Module Reporting
+| -------------------
+| A complete list of the modules loaded in a particular run will
+| be put into the log file (before the run statistics), if LaTeX
+| is used. This is believed to be useful when tracing down errors.
+| This list is also available to the user, even with Plain TeX,
+| as the contents of the new control sequence \arabtexconfig.
+| This feature may disappear again.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+| 6. Running ArabTeX with LaTeX2e
+| -------------------------------
+| Up to now we experienced no problems; the only changes we found
+| necessary are loading ArabTeX and its suboptions not as class
+| options but by using the command \usepackage.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+|| 7. Arabic document classes
+|| --------------------------
+|| The experimental LaTeX2e classes "arabart", "arabbook", "arabrep"
+|| extend the standard classes "article", "book", and "report" in
+|| two respects:
+||
+|| - The overall document layout has been "arabized": page numbers
+|| are in Indic numerals, and columns run from right to left.
+||
+|| - Within Arabic environments bracketed by \begin{arabtext} and
+|| \end{arabtext} most LaTeX commands are allowed, including all
+|| sectioning commands, \tabular, \tabbing, even \tableofcontents,
+|| and use an "Arabic looking" format. All arguments that denote
+|| text to be typeset are interpreted according to the currently
+|| activated Arabic encoding. Other arguments keep their standard
+|| meaning, including the preamble of \tabular, whose columns are
+|| processed from left to right (visual formatting).
+||
+|| - Outside of Arabic environments the LaTeX commands revert to the
+|| standard meaning.
+||
+|| The new classes are still in "alpha" status; reports are welcome.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Prof. Klaus Lagally
+ Institut fuer Informatik
+ Universitaet Stuttgart
+ Breitwiesenstrasse 20-22
+ D-70565 Stuttgart
+ GERMANY
+
+ lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+| Copyright (c) 1990 - 1997, Klaus Lagally
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/readme.txt b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/readme.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eef60b15d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/readme.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+README 23.10.2003
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ ArabTeX Version 3
+ =================
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Last changes: Version 3.11d, 23.10.2003
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ The set of files, of which THIS file is supposed to be part of,
+ contains a package extending the capabilities of TeX/LaTeX to
+ generate the arabic writing from an ASCII transliteration for
+ texts in several languages using the arabic script. Several other
+ common encodings are also supported.
+
+ The package is available in packed form as "arabtex.zip" and
+ "arabtex.tgz". Depending on the server there may be also the
+ unpacked files; check for the latest version of "apatch.sty"!
+
+ The following ASCII files give more detailed information:
+
+ arabtex.doc : a short introduction (rather out of date)
+ arabtex.faq : answers to some Frequently Asked Questions
+ (updated as necessary)
+ changes.txt : release history, new features, and known bugs
+ (updated as necessary)
+ changes2.txt : older release history up to version 3.00
+ install.txt : list of available files, and installation notes
+ apatch.sty : last minute corrections; put this file onto the
+ TEXINPUT path; it will patch automatically.
+ (updated as necessary)
+
+ There are also various additional documentation files.
+ A subdirectory "REPORT", if still present, is OBSOLETE.
+
+ There was a prototype, ArabTeX Version 1, which is now OBSOLETE.
+ Version 2 was the first complete release accompanied by a manual,
+ but is no more being maintained.
+
+ Version 3 is an upward compatible extension of Version 2 with
+ many new features, e.g. the possibility to read input files in the
+ ASMO 449, ISO 8859-6, and UTF-8 Codes, and many new commands for
+ better formatting of Arabic text, or catering for historic writing
+ styles. Versions from 3.05 onward contain a package to process
+ Hebrew, and provide long right-to-left insertions. For details,
+ consult the manual and the ASCII file "readme.305".
+
+ ArabTeX is copyrighted by the author. If you use the system for
+ scientific work please give appropriate credit to the software
+ and the author (e.g. in the colophon of a monograph.) We also
+ appreciate a complimentary copy of any scientific work produced
+ with ArabTeX.
+
+ ArabTeX may be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ of the LaTeX Project Public License distributed from CTAN
+ archives in the directory "macros/latex/base/lppl.txt"; either
+ version 1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ ArabTeX is an experimental system and supposed to change without
+ prior notice. Whoever will use it does so at her/his/its own risk.
+ We cannot take any responsibility on correct function, suitability
+ for whatever purpose, or correct documentation.
+
+ If you have any complaints or suggestions, please forward them to
+ the author. We shall consider any reasonable suggestion, but we
+ will use our own judgment on any changes, and our resources are
+ severely limited.
+
+ If problems turn up while running ArabTeX, please check first at
+ "ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de" whether there is a new version,
+ or whether there are any new corrections in "apatch.sty". If the
+ problem goes away with the new version, please inform the server
+ you got ArabTeX from; otherwise send a bug report to the author.
+
+ The reference site "ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de" always holds
+ the current version. We know that the CTAN servers "ftp.tex.ac.uk",
+ "ctan.tug.org", and "ftp.dante.de" mirror this site and update on
+ a regular schedule.
+
+ An empty E-Mail message to "arabtex@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de"
+ will produce a current status report.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Prof. Klaus Lagally
+ Institut fuer Informatik
+ Universitaet Stuttgart
+ Breitwiesenstrasse 20-22
+ D-70565 Stuttgart
+ GERMANY
+
+ lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Copyright (c) 1990 - 2002, Klaus Lagally
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/sindhi.tex b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/sindhi.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6df007c56c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/sindhi.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{arabtex}
+\usepackage{atrans}
+\advance \topsep -10mm
+\advance \textwidth 10mm
+\advance \textheight 10mm
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{Sindhi in Arab\TeX}
+\author
+{Klaus Lagally\\
+Institut f\"ur Informatik\\
+Breitwiesenstra\ss e 20--22\\
+D-70565 Stuttgart\\
+GERMANY\\
+\tt mailto:lagallyk@acm.org}
+\date{August 06, 1997}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\setsindhi
+
+There is a new Arab\TeX\ language mode, \verb+\setsindhi+,
+for processing Sindhi texts in the extended Arabic writing.
+
+This mode works only with Arab\TeX\ version 3.06 or later
+and requires an updated version of the font ``nash14''.
+These conditions are checked, if \LaTeX2$\varepsilon$ is used.
+For Plain \TeX\ there are no checks.
+
+To activate the Sindhi mode, select the language by \verb+\setsindhi+.
+Sindhi input texts are encoded in a modification of the
+standard \ArabTeX\ encoding.
+The alphabet is given in Table~\ref {codes}.
+
+For the use of the encoding, see Table~\ref {examples}.
+It contains all Sindhi letters,
+together with their input encoding and a typical example of use.
+For every line the external notation is also given.
+
+%\bigskip
+%Notes:
+\begin{enumerate}
+\itemsep 0pt
+\item
+This is a preliminary version solely
+intended for inspection, experiments, evaluation, and suggestions.
+The final version may differ in details, depending on feedback
+by the users.
+
+\item
+Use hyphens to resolve ambiguities with aspired consonants.
+
+\item
+If the new font is not available,
+the ``wide letter kaf'' is missing.
+We temporarily substitute an ordinary letter kaf with four dots,
+which does not exist, but should be conspicuous enough.
+%Once the font will have been extended, the substitute should disappear.
+
+\item
+Tanween works as expected: \verb+miN+ <miN> , \verb+'|iN+ <'|iN> .
+
+\item
+The user may want to break some ligatures by inserting a vertical bar,
+to get the correct writing, or just for a better appearance of the script.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\begin{table}[tbp]
+\begin{center}
+\large
+\Large
+\tt
+\def <#1>{\<#1> &{\arabfalse \transtrue \<#1>}}
+\begin{tabular}{||c|c|c||c|c|c||c|c|c||c|c|c||}
+\hline
+a &<a> &\~{}n &<~n> &z &<z> &kh &<kh> \\
+b &<b> &\^{}c &<^c> &s &<s> &g &<g> \\
+:b &<:b> &\^{}ch &<^ch> &\^{}s &<^s> &:g &<:g> \\
+bh &<bh> &.h &<.h> &.s &<.s> &gh &<gh> \\
+t &<t> &\_h &<_h> &.d &<.d> &:n &<:n> \\
+th &<th> &d &<d> &.t &<.t> &l &<l> \\
+,t &<,t> &dh &<dh> &.z &<.z> &m &<m> \\
+,th &<,th> &:d &<:d> &` &<`> &n &<n> \\
+\_s &<_s> &,d &<,d> &.g &<.g> &,n &<,n> \\
+p &<p> &,dh &<,dh> &f &<f> &w &<w> \\
+j &<j> &\_d &<_d> &ph &<ph> &,h &<,h> \\
+%:j &<:j> &r &<r> &q &<q> &'| &<'|> \\
+:j &<:j> &r &<r> &q &<q> &h &<h> \\
+jh &<jh> &,r &<,r> &k &<k> &y &<y> \\
+\hline
+a &<B|BaB>&e &<B|BeB>&i &<B|BiB>&o &<B|BoB>\\
+u &<B|BuB>&A &<BA> &E &<BE> &I &<BI> \\
+O &<BO> &U &<BU> &ae &<Bae> &ao &<Bao> \\
+i &<i> &\_A &<B_A> &'A &<'A> &'a &<'a> \\
+'i &<'i> &'y &<'y> &'w &<'w> &'| &<'|> \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\rm
+\caption{The Sindhi Alphabet}
+\label{codes}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{table}[htbp]
+\large
+\begin{arabtext}
+\showtrue
+1: \hfill a <a> anbu \hfill b <b> badaka
+\hfill :b <:b> :bilI \hfill bh <bh> bhOli,rO
+
+2: \hfill t <t> ti:di \hfill th <th> thIlihI
+\hfill ,t <,t> ,tOplO \hfill ,th <,th> ,thUn,thi
+
+3: \hfill _s <\_s> _samara \hfill p <p> pakhO
+\hfill j <j> jahAzu \hfill :j <:j> :jibha
+
+4: \hfill jh <jh> jihrkI \hfill ~n <\~{}n> :ja~na
+\hfill ^c <\^{}c> ^can,du \hfill ^ch <\^{}ch> ^cha,tI
+
+5: \hfill .h <.h> .huqO \hfill _h <\_h> _ha:tu
+\hfill d <d> daru \hfill dh <dh> dhuka.ra
+
+6: \hfill :d <:d> :dOlu \hfill ,d <,d> ,dAkha
+\hfill ,dh <,dh> ,dha:gI \hfill _d <\_d> _da_hIrO
+
+7: \hfill r <r> rIla \hfill ,r <,r> bagha,ru
+\hfill z <z> zAla \hfill s <s> sijju
+
+8: \hfill ^s <\^{}s> ^sInhun \hfill .s <.s> .sUfu
+\hfill .d <.d> .da`Ifu \hfill .t <.t> .tO.tO
+
+9: \hfill .z <.z> .zAlimu \hfill ` <`> `aynaka
+\hfill .g <.g> .gAlI^cO \hfill f <f> fawjI
+
+10: \hfill ph <ph> phUhArO \hfill q <q> qalamu
+\hfill k <k> kutO \hfill kh <kh> kha,ta
+
+11: \hfill g <g> ga:dahu \hfill :g <:g> :gayrO
+\hfill gh <gh> ghO,rO \hfill :n <:n> si:na
+
+12: \hfill l <l> la.ga,ru \hfill m <m> ma^chI
+\hfill n <n> nAngu \hfill ,n <,n> wa,nu
+
+13: \hfill w <w> wA:jO \hfill h <h> hAthI
+\hfill '| <\tt '|> '| \hfill y <y> yakO
+\end{arabtext}
+\caption {Examples for the use of the Sindhi Alphabet}
+\label{examples}
+\end{table}
+
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/tetex.txt b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/tetex.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c9e18a7658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/tetex.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9995 @@
+The Linux ArabTeX-Howto
+
+Markus F. Rothbauer, mrothbau@ag.or.at
+v1.0, 24 October 1999
+
+This document is intended to explain how to install the
+Unix-standard-distribution of ArabTeX on a linux-machine with teTeX
+installed. It describes only the way how to install ArabTeX, that all
+users can use it.
+
+
+
+
+1. Introduction
+
+There are some difficulties installing ArabTeX together with
+teTeX. The main problem is, that ArabTeX uses a file structure, which
+allows ArabTeX to work together with emTeX under DOS very pretty (as
+far as I was told) - but it will not work together very pretty with a
+standard teTeX installation using the TDS
+(TeX-Directory-Standard).
+
+This document provides you all the necessary informations and explains
+the steps to get it working.
+
+You will need root-privileges on your machine to follow the procedures
+given to you. If you do not have root-privileges, please consult your
+system administrator - he will be able to install ArabTeX for you!
+
+
+
+1.1. Disclaimer
+
+The information in this document is, to the best of my knowledge,
+correct, and should work. However, there may be typos, there may be
+mysterious transmission errors, language errors, and there may be
+strange incompatibilities within your own system that prevent the
+techniques described herein from working properly.
+
+So no liability for the contents of this document can be accepted.
+Use the concepts at your own risk. You have been warned.
+
+
+
+1.2. Related documents
+
+There are a lot of related documents. Please read all the
+documentation of ArabTeX very carefully - there is a lot of
+information about the mechanisms of ArabTeX. And read the
+documentation of teTeX. You will find a lot of important information
+about configuring teTeX and how teTeX works.
+
+
+
+1.4. Versions
+
+The procedures given in this document have been tested with teTeX
+(and telatex) version 1.0.6-3, ArabTeX 3.09 and SuSE Linux 6.2
+
+
+
+2. The mechanism of teTeX for searching additional styles etc.
+
+As stated in the teTeX manual, teTeX uses the kpathsea library, which
+provides efficient access by names to files stored hierarchically. But
+it will look in certain directories for specific types of files. The
+directories have to be stored in the "main texmf tree" (texmf ... "TeX
+and friends") in a proper way:
+
+TeX macros ... tex/<format>/<package>/
+font files ... fonts/<type>/<supplier>/<typeface>/
+METAFONT files ... metafont/<package>/
+documentation ... doc/<package>/
+etc. (For more details see the teTeX and the TDS-documentation).
+
+To speed up searching in this tree, a file name database is used. A
+file-name database exists in the root of each texmf tree and has the name
+ls-R. You can use texconfig or texhash to rebuild this database after
+installing ArabTeX.
+
+
+
+
+3. Installation
+
+
+
+3.1. First steps: Extracting ArabTeX
+
+ArabTeX usually comes as zipped tar-archive. For the next steps I
+assume, that you login to your computer as a "normal" user (not as
+root) and that you are in your home-directory (/home/<user>/). A
+little remark to the notation for the following steps: The intended
+line shows commands that you have to execute from the shell.
+
+Create a temporary directory (skip this step if you already have one!)
+
+ mkdir temp
+
+Change to this directory:
+
+ cd temp
+
+Store the zipped tar-archive of ArabTeX to the temp-directory.
+(e.g. cp <sourcedir>/arabtex_tar.Z ~/temp/ )
+Now, unpack (untar) this archive:
+
+ tar -xvzf arabtex_tar.Z arabtex/
+
+
+
+3.2. Building a file-structure conforming to teTeX
+
+Create a directory for the style-files of arabtex (the necessary
+parent directories will be created because of parameter -p):
+
+ mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/tex/latex/arabtex
+
+Move all files of arabtex from texinput to this directory:
+
+ mv arabtex/texinput/* arabcorrect/texmf/tex/latex/arabtex/
+
+Create a directory to contain the fonts:
+
+ mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/hcaption
+ mkdir arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/hclassic
+ mkdir arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/nash
+ mkdir arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/xnsh
+ mkdir arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/yarborn
+ mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/source/arabtex
+ mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/tfm/arabtex
+ mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/type1/arabtex
+
+Move the font-files to these directories:
+
+ mv arabtex/laser.pk/hcaption* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/hcaption/
+ mv arabtex/laser.pk/hclassic* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/hclassic/
+ mv arabtex/laser.pk/nash14* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/nash/
+ mv arabtex/laser.pk/xnsh14* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/xnsh/
+ mv arabtex/laser.pk/yarborn* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/yarborn/
+ mv arabtex/mfinput/* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/source/arabtex/
+ mv arabtex/tfm/* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/tfm/arabtex/
+ mv arabtex/psfonts/* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/type1/arabtex/
+
+Create a directory for the documentation:
+
+ mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex
+
+Move the doc-subdirectory to the documentation-subdirectory:
+
+ mv arabtex/doc arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex/
+
+Move the report-subdirectory to the documentation-subdirectory:
+
+ mv arabtex/report arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex/
+
+Move the examples-subdirector to the documentation-subdirectory:
+
+ mv arabtex/examples arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex/
+
+Move the patches-subdirectory to the documentation-subdirectory (so
+you can choose later, if you want to install the patches or not):
+
+ mv arabtex/patches arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex/
+
+Delete the empty directories in arabtex (e.g. texinput; note: ignore
+the error-messages "rmdir: arabtex/announce.txt: Not a directory"
+etc.)
+
+ rmdir arabtex/*
+
+And now - move the rest of ArabTeXs documentation to the
+doc-directory:
+
+ mv arabtex/* arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex/
+
+Remove the arabtex-directory:
+
+ rmdir arabtex
+
+Now we did the the second step - creating a teTeX-conform directory
+structure.
+
+
+
+3.3. Changing owner and group of ArabTeX:
+
+Now we have to change the owner and group of arabtex. To do this, we
+first have to get administration privilegs - change to user root and
+enter the appropriate password when prompted:
+
+ su root
+
+Remember: From now on you have all the privilegs of root - be very
+carefully with your commands. If you enter them in a wrong way, data
+loss can be the consequence. You have been warned.
+Change the owner and the group of arabtex:
+
+ chown -R root arabcorrect
+ chgrp -R root arabcorrect
+
+
+
+3.4. Copying arabtex to your texmf-directory:
+
+Now we have to look, where all this TeX-stuff is stored on your
+computer:
+
+ kpsewhich -expand-var='$TEXMF'
+
+You will get some directories, where you can store arabtex to. I
+suggest to use /usr/share/texmf/ (This is the 'normal' texmf-directory
+for teTeX; I will refer to this directory as $TEXMF from now on).
+
+So copy all arabtex-files to this directory:
+
+ cp -r arabcorrect/texmf/* $TEXMF
+
+(remember: Substitute $TEXMF with your appropriate texmf-directory; if
+it is /usr/share/texmf/ the command is: "cp -r arabcorrect/texmf/*
+/usr/share/texmf/" )
+
+
+
+3.5. Rebuilding teTeXs hash-database
+
+This is very simple: Just start the "texconfig"-program from the
+teTeX-package:
+
+ texconfig
+
+When the menu comes up on the screen, choose the point "REHASH rebuild
+ls-R database". When you are back in the menu, choose "EXIT".
+
+Now you should change back the group and owner of arabtex:
+
+ chgrp -R users arabcorrect
+ chown -R <username> arabcorrect
+
+And exit from root-privileges:
+
+ exit
+
+
+
+3.6. Creating an archive of the new structured arabtex:
+
+Store the corrected arabtex-package in a new archive - so you do not
+have to restructure it next time and you can start at point 3.3 of
+this procedure:
+
+ tar -czvf arabcorr.tgz arabcorrect/*
+
+(You can restore this archive with tar -xzvf arabcorr.tgz)
+
+
+
+3.7. Removing the arabcorrect-directory:
+
+Simply enter:
+
+ rm -r arabcorrect/
+
+
+
+3.8. Test your arabtex-installation
+
+This can be done by compiling the documentation of arabtex (now in
+$TEXMF/doc/arabtex/report/): First copy this documentation to a
+directory in your home-directory, then start latex with arabdoc.tex.
+
+That's all!
+
+
+
+
+4. A little shell-script for step 3.2
+
+You can load this document into an editor and extract the part between
+the two remarks (% -------- ...) to a file, e.g. corr_arabtex in YOUR
+temp-direectory (~/temp). You have to set the executeable flag for
+this file:
+
+ chmod u+x corr_arabtex
+
+and then you can execute it with
+
+ ./corr_arabtex.
+
+
+% ------------ START of restructuring script
+#!/bin/bash
+echo "Restructuring ArabTeX \n"
+mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/tex/latex/arabtex
+mv arabtex/texinput/* arabcorrect/texmf/tex/latex/arabtex/
+mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/hcaption
+mkdir arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/hclassic
+mkdir arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/nash
+mkdir arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/xnsh
+mkdir arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/yarborn
+mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/source/arabtex
+mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/tfm/arabtex
+mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/type1/arabtex
+mv arabtex/laser.pk/hcaption* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/hcaption/
+mv arabtex/laser.pk/hclassic* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/hclassic/
+mv arabtex/laser.pk/nash14* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/nash/
+mv arabtex/laser.pk/xnsh14* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/xnsh/
+mv arabtex/laser.pk/yarborn* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/pk/arabtex/yarborn/
+mv arabtex/mfinput/* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/source/arabtex/
+mv arabtex/tfm/* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/tfm/arabtex/
+mv arabtex/psfonts/* arabcorrect/texmf/fonts/type1/arabtex/
+mkdir -p arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex
+mv arabtex/doc arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex/
+mv arabtex/report arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex/
+mv arabtex/examples arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex/
+mv arabtex/patches arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex/
+rmdir arabtex/*
+echo "corr_arabtex: Ignore above error messages!\n"
+mv arabtex/* arabcorrect/texmf/doc/arabtex/
+rmdir arabtex
+echo "Done. \n"
+% ------------ END of restructuring script
+
+
+
+
+6. Comments
+
+I hope, that this documentation helps you to install ArabTeX on your
+Linux-machine. Send any comments to this document to:
+mrothbau@ag.or.at
+
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diff --git a/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/uighur.tex b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/uighur.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dbd31d46fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/language/arabic/arabtex/doc/txt/uighur.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+%\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
+\documentclass[12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{arabtex}
+
+\parindent 0pt
+\parskip 2mm
+
+\advance \textwidth 20mm
+\advance \textheight 20mm
+%\pagestyle{empty}
+
+\makeatletter
+\def \({\a@verb}
+\makeatother
+
+\begin{document}
+\title{Uighuric in Arab\TeX}
+\author
+{Klaus Lagally\\
+Institut f\"ur Informatik\\
+Breitwiesenstra\ss e 20--22\\
+D-70565 Stuttgart\\
+GERMANY\\
+%\verb+mailto:lagallyk@acm.org+
+\tt mailto:lagallyk@acm.org
+}
+\date{August 06, 1997}
+\maketitle
+
+\setuighur
+\vocalize
+
+There is a new Arab\TeX\ language mode, \verb+\setuighur+,
+for processing Uighuric texts in the extended Arabic writing.
+
+This mode works only with Arab\TeX\ version 3.06 or later.
+
+Uighuric input texts are encoded in a modification of the
+standard \ArabTeX\ encoding, see
+column~5 of the Table.
+Please observe that in Uighuric all characters are coded verbatim.
+
+This language mode is strictly experimental
+and expected to contain errors.
+Please report your experience and suggestions
+for changes and improvements to the author.
+% at \verb+mailto:lagallyk@acm.org+
+
+\newpage
+\parskip 0pt
+
+\begin{center}
+Arab\TeX\ encoding of Uighuric
+\end{center}
+
+\parbox[t]{75mm}{%
+\null
+\begin{tabular}{|r|cccc@{ = }c@{ (}c@{)
+ \vrule width0pt height13pt depth10pt}l|}
+\hline
+ & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 \\
+\hline
+01& & & <Ba> & <a> &\(a> & 01 & a \\
+02& & & <B:a> & <:a> &\(:a> & 02 & \"a \\
+03& & & <Bd> & <d> &\(d> & 09 & de \\
+04& & & <Br> & <r> &\(r> & 10 & re \\
+05& & & <Bz> & <z> &\(z> & 11 & ze \\
+06& & & <B^z> & <^z> &\(^z> & 12 & \v ze \\
+07& & & <Bo> & <o> &\(o> & 25 & o \\
+08& & & <B:o> & <:o> &\(:o> & 27 & \"o \\
+09& & & <Bu> & <u> &\(u> & 26 & u \\
+10& & & <B:u> & <:u> &\(:u> & 28 & \"u \\
+11& & & <Bw> & <w> &\(w> & 29 & we \\
+12&<bB> &<BbB> & <Bb> & <b> &\(b> & 03 & be \\
+13&<pB> &<BpB> & <Bp> & <p> &\(p> & 04 & pe \\
+14&<tB> &<BtB> & <Bt> & <t> &\(t> & 05 & te \\
+15&<nB> &<BnB> & <Bn> & <n> &\(n> & 23 & ne \\
+16&<jB> &<BjB> & <Bj> & <j> &\(j> & 06 & je \\
+17&<^cB>&<B^cB> & <B^c> & <^c> &\(^c> & 07 & \v ce \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}}\hfil
+\parbox[t]{75mm}{%
+\null
+\begin{tabular}{|r|cccc@{ = }c@{ (}c@{)
+ \vrule width0pt height13pt depth10pt}l|}
+\hline
+ & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 \\
+\hline
+18&<xB> &<BxB> & <Bx> & <x> &\(x> & 08 & xe \\
+19&<iB> &<BiB> & <Bi> & <i> &\(i> & 31 & i \\
+20&<eB> &<BeB> & <Be> & <e> &\(e> & 30 & e \\
+21&<yB> &<ByB> & <By> & <y> &\(y> & 32 & y \\
+22&<sB> &<BsB> & <Bs> & <s> &\(s> & 13 & se \\
+23&<^sB>&<B^sB> & <B^s> & <^s> &\(^s> & 14 & \v se \\
+24&<^gB>&<B^gB> & <B^g> & <^g> &\(^g> & 15 & \v ge \\
+25&<fB> &<BfB> & <Bf> & <f> &\(f> & 16 & fe \\
+26&<qB> &<BqB> & <Bq> & <q> &\(q> & 17 & qe \\
+27&<kB> &<BkB> & <Bk> & <k> &\(k> & 18 & ke \\
+28&<~nB>&<B~nB> & <B~n> & <~n> &\(~n> & 20 & $\eta$e \\
+29&<gB> &<BgB> & <Bg> & <g> &\(g> & 19 & ge \\
+30&<lB> &<BlB> & <Bl> & <l> &\(l> & 21 & le \\
+31&<mB> &<BmB> & <Bm> & <m> &\(m> & 22 & me \\
+32&<hB> &<BhB> & <Bh> & <h> &\(h> & 24 & he \\
+33&<'B> &<B'B> & & &\('> & & \\
+34& & & <Bl"A>& <l"A> &\(la> & & \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}}
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\itemsep 0pt
+\item initial shape
+\item medial shape
+\item final shape
+\item isolated shape
+\item external encoding
+\item sorting position
+\item name
+\end{enumerate}
+
+%\vfill \today
+\end{document}