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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2024-02-20 18:47:55 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2024-02-20 18:47:55 +0000
commit58b138a0142f997a2d497a17de915ea5bba2c7e9 (patch)
tree86fb73bb7baac2251a1245b3888ee6ff5d2cff95
parent12a220e80344b5c02b56a57d4a994ccb854bc22c (diff)
2024 update for pdftex manual and tests
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@70016 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/ChangeLog66
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/Makefile213
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/README37
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/fdl-1.2.tex506
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-etex.txt4
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-pdfetex.txt8
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-crop.pdfbin0 -> 11525 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex48
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.tex (renamed from Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-w.tex)2
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.txt119
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-help.txt75
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-syntax.tex660
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftexconfig.txt21
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/makefiles.cmd13
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdfbin1007576 -> 970485 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-i.tex136
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-syntax.txt784
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-t.tex5692
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex.tex4354
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftexmanual.cls230
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.awk124
-rwxr-xr-xMaster/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.pl77
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/incl2.5.tex13
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/test-doc1incl25.tex9
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/8r.enc143
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/Makefile3
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8a.pfbbin0 -> 34869 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r+20.tfmbin0 -> 4644 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r-20.tfmbin0 -> 4644 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r.tfmbin0 -> 4644 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.tfmbin0 -> 6852 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.vfbin0 -> 2352 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.tfmbin0 -> 6848 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.vfbin0 -> 2352 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.tfmbin0 -> 6836 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.vfbin0 -> 2348 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.pfbbin0 -> 35752 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.tfmbin0 -> 1296 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/vfexp.tex19
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdb_history22
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdbinit123
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/Makefile3
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/cmr10.tfmbin0 -> 1296 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/f.tex9
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/rebuild.sh3
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/run.sh9
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/Makefile12
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/test-different-levels.tex47
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/Makefile22
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/fancyhdr.sty276
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-example.tex58
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.pdfbin0 -> 14431 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.tex14
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.pdfbin0 -> 4443 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.tex58
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/Makefile7
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/f.tex9
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/Makefile22
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttfbin0 -> 192740 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-working.ttfbin0 -> 120152 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/ec-uni.enc258
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/Makefile15
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f.tex20
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f2.tex7
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/Makefile12
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/f.tex32
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/test-structdest.tex39
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/Makefile28
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-basic.tex29
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-only.tex26
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/f.tex10
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/GentiumPlus-Regular.ttfbin0 -> 822956 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/gentium-ttf.tex7
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/texnansi-gentiumplus-regular.tfmbin0 -> 6220 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/Makefile16
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f.tex11
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f2.tex11
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f3.tex11
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f4.tex11
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/f.tex14
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/Makefile12
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.pdf791
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.tex38
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/Makefile10
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/fake-interword-space.tex31
l---------Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.pfb1
l---------Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.tfm1
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/Makefile20
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pfbbin0 -> 3126 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pl18
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.ps112
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.tfmbin0 -> 148 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.pdfbin0 -> 14084 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.tex7
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/Makefile13
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/f.tex9
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/Makefile20
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/compositechars.tex56
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/Makefile7
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/f.tex14
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/Makefile11
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10-corrupt.pfbbin0 -> 35753 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10.tfmbin0 -> 1296 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/type1-segfault.tex16
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/Makefile7
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/f.tex13
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/Makefile10
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/doc.tex9
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/shadowbox.pdfbin0 -> 59397 bytes
113 files changed, 8952 insertions, 6933 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/ChangeLog b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/ChangeLog
index af506f2082a..9f447430029 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/ChangeLog
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,69 @@
+2024-02-01 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+
+ * pdftex.tex (\pdfglyphtounicode): mention that a dot and anything
+ after is stripped from glyph names before looking for mappings.
+ (\pdfpxdimen): note that the pdftex default is a few sp different
+ from luatex, and both luatex and pdftex are a few sp different
+ from 72dpi. From jfbu,
+ https://tug.org/pipermail/pdftex/2023-March/009325.html.
+
+2024-01-16 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+
+ * pdftex.tex: simplify PDF inclusion for tagging,
+ mention alternatives for small verbatim,
+ use table option instead of firstaid.
+ (Still does not actually pass )
+ https://tug.org/pipermail/pdftex/2024-January/009377.html
+
+2024-01-08 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+
+ * pdftex.tex: add alt text for graphic and extra \par
+ for inline verbatim block. Suggestion from Ulrike:
+ https://tug.org/pipermail/pdftex/2024-January/009375.html
+
+ * Makefile ($(tinydoc)-fmt.pdf): forgot a `basename`.
+
+2024-01-07 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+
+ * pdftex.tex: new version of manual in LaTeX; substantially
+ the same content as the ConTeXt pdftex-t.tex (which is now removed).
+ * pdftexmanual.cls: LaTeX document class for manual.
+ * syntaxform.pl: adapt for new source.
+ * .dict.pws: aspell exceptions.
+ * Makefile: rewrite for LaTeX.
+ * README: update.
+
+ * incl: new subdirectory.
+ * incl/fdl-1.2.tex: adapted from
+ https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.tex.
+ * incl/ini-etex.txt,
+ * incl/ini-pdfetex.txt,
+ * incl/pdftexconfig.txt: renamed from previous example files.
+ * incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex: ConTeXt source to format the tiny PDF example,
+ pulled out from pdftex-t.tex.
+ * incl/pdfmin-src.tex: source for the tiny PDF example,
+ renamed from pdftex-w.tex.
+ * incl/pdftex-help.txt: generated.
+
+ * pdftex-t.tex: remove, old ConTeXt source.
+ * pdftex-i.tex: remove, old ConTeXt screen version, not built
+ for many years.
+ * syntaxform.awk: remove, not worth the trouble to update.
+ * makefiles.cmd: remove, old Windows routine.
+
+2024-01-06 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+
+ * pdftex-t.tex (\pdfximage): mention the "named" keyword
+ for named destination. This is the last change to the ConTeXt
+ source before removal and replacement by the LaTeX version.
+
+2023-04-30 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
+ and Han The Thanh <hanthethanh@gmail.com>
+
+ * pdftex-t.tex (\pdfglyphtounicode): describe the
+ \pdfglyphtounicode{tfm:foo/abc}{5678}
+ feature to define abc=U+5678 for only the font foo.tfm.
+
2023-02-26 Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
* pdftex-t.tex (\introducedplural): new macro.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/Makefile
index 2c8006c1922..c92a5de879b 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/Makefile
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/Makefile
@@ -1,151 +1,106 @@
-# $Id: Makefile 905 2023-02-28 01:23:10Z karl $
-# Makefile for pdfTeX documentation. Public domain.
-
-# Get version we're documenting from the \def in the manual.
-pdftexversion=`sed -n 's,^.def.currentpdftex{\(.*\)},\1,p' manual/pdftex-t.tex`
-
-context = env PATH=/usr/local/texlive/dev/bin/x86_64-linux:$$PATH texexec --batchmode
-# context does not have \setupoutput.
-# texmfstart exits immediately.
-
-# what we distribute in TeX Live.
-default: pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-syntax.txt
-
-# the other formats (everything that can be built).
-all: pdftex-l.pdf pdftex-s.pdf booklet
-
-common_deps = pdftex-t.tex pdftex-w.txt pdftex-syntax.tex # pdftex-help.txt
-pdftex-a.pdf a: $(common_deps)
- $(context) --mode=a4 --result=$@ $<
-
-pdftex-l.pdf l: $(common_deps)
- $(context) --mode=letter --result=$@ $<
-
-pdftex-s.pdf s: $(common_deps) pdftex-i.tex
- $(context) --mode=screen --result=$@ $<
-
-
-# booklet version is not made by default.
-booklet: pdftex-b.pdf pdftex-b-e.pdf pdftex-b-o.pdf
-
-pdftex-b.pdf b: pdftex-a.pdf
- $(context) --pdfarrange --paper=a5a4 --print=up --addempty=1,2 \
- --result=$@ $<
-
-pdftex-b-e.pdf: pdftex-a.pdf
- $(context) --pdfarrange --paper=a5a4 --print=up --addempty=1,2 \
- --pages=even --result=$@ $<
-
-pdftex-b-o.pdf: pdftex-a.pdf
- $(context) --pdfarrange --paper=a5a4 --print=up --addempty=1,2 \
- --pages=odd --result=$@ $<
-
-
-# Creating the subsidiary/dependent files.
-
-# TeXable text for the title page.
-pdftex-w.txt: pdftex-w.pdf
+# $Id: Makefile 917 2024-01-08 23:22:17Z karl $
+# GNU makefile for pdfTeX documentation. Public domain.
+
+texfot = texfot
+pdflatex = $(texfot) pdflatex --file-line-error
+
+tinydoc = incl/pdfmin
+help_msg = incl/pdftex-help.txt
+syntax_summary = incl/pdftex-syntax.tex
+
+# dependencies for building the manual.
+deps = pdftex.tex pdftexmanual.cls \
+ $(syntax_summary) $(help_msg) $(tinydoc)-crop.pdf
+
+a4run = $(pdflatex) '\PassOptionsToClass{a4paper}{report} \input $<'
+ltrun = $(pdflatex) '\PassOptionsToClass{letterpaper}{report} \input $<'
+
+all: pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-l.pdf
+
+pdftex-a.pdf: $(deps)
+ rm -f $@
+ $(a4run)
+ while grep 'Rerun to get' pdftex.log >/dev/null; do $(a4run); done
+ mv pdftex.pdf $@
+
+pdftex-l.pdf: $(deps)
+ rm -f $@
+ $(ltrun)
+ while grep 'Rerun to get' pdftex.log >/dev/null; do $(ltrun); done
+ mv pdftex.pdf $@
+
+# Run when making new manual for release; by hand, since it's too
+# irritating to depend on the binary.
+pdftex-help $(help_msg):
+ $(pdftex_binary) --help >$(help_msg)
+ (echo; echo; echo) >>$(help_msg)
+ $(pdftex_binary) --version >>$(help_msg)
+
+# Primitives and syntax, in TeX for the printed manual.
+$(syntax_summary): pdftex.tex syntaxform.pl
+ perl syntaxform.pl pdftex.tex >$(syntax_summary) || rm -f $@
+
+# We want to typeset the PDF for a tiny input file. This should be
+# updated every year:
+# - update version numbers.
+# - make new binary in source tree.
+# - run make frontispiece.pdf.
+# (Also run make pdftex-help.)
+#
+pdftex_binary = ../../source/build-pdftex/texk/web2c/pdftex
+texdist_fonts = /usr/local/texlive/dev/texmf-dist/fonts
+#
+$(tinydoc)-src.pdf: $(tinydoc)-src.tex
+ env KPATHSEA_WARNING=0 TEXFONTS=$(texdist_fonts)// \
+ $(pdftex_binary) -ini -output-directory=incl '$<'
+
+# The title page PDF as TeXable text.
+$(tinydoc)-src.txt: $(tinydoc)-src.pdf #GNUmakefile
+ test -s $<
cat $< \
| expand \
- | fmt -s -w36 \
- | grep --text . \
+ | grep -v '^$$' \
+ | fmt -s -w45 \
| expand >$@ || rm -f $@
- wc -l pdftex-w.txt # set titlepagelines=half of this
+ wc -l $@ # set titlepagelines=half this plus one:
-# PDF for the title page. This should be updated every year;
-# - update version numbers
-# - make new binary
-# - run this target
-# Also check pdftex-help.txt for updates.
-pdftex_binary = ../../source/build-pdftex/texk/web2c/pdftex
-pdftex-w.pdf: pdftex-w.tex Makefile
- TEXFONTS=/usr/local/texlive/dev/texmf-dist/fonts// \
- KPATHSEA_WARNING=0 \
- $(pdftex_binary) -ini '$<'
-
-
-# Too annoying to remake help text every time; check by hand when needed.
-pdftex-help.txt: force
- $(pdftex_binary) --help >$@ || rm -f $@
-force:
-
-# if we don't have a build tree around, try from PATH.
-build_binary := ../../source/build-pdftex/texk/web2c/pdftex
-ifneq "$(realpath $(build_binary))" ""
-pdftex_binary := $(build_binary)
-else
-pdftex_binary := pdftex
-endif
-
-# Primitives and syntax, in TeX for the printed manual, and then in
-# plain text for human convenience.
-pdftex-syntax.tex: pdftex-t.tex syntaxform.pl
- perl syntaxform.pl pdftex-t.tex >pdftex-syntax.tex || rm -f $@
-
-pdftex-syntax.txt: pdftex-t.tex pdftex-syntax.tex syntaxform.awk
- gawk -f syntaxform.awk pdftex-syntax.tex $< >$@ || rm -f $@
+# Convert that TeXt to PDF.
+$(tinydoc)-fmt.pdf: $(tinydoc)-fmt.tex $(tinydoc)-src.txt
+ context $< >$(tinydoc)-fmt.fot 2>&1
+ test -s `basename $@`
+ mv `basename $(tinydoc)`-fmt.* incl/
+$(tinydoc)-crop.pdf: $(tinydoc)-fmt.pdf
+ pdfcrop $< $@
# Install from this source directory to TL.
# svn co svn://u:pw@tug.org/texlive/trunk/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex
tltree = /home/texlive/karl/Master/texmf-dist
-dest = $(tltree)/doc/pdftex/manual
+dest = $(tltree)/doc/pdftex/manual/
INSTALL_DATA = cp -p
-install: default
- $(INSTALL_DATA) ChangeLog Makefile README makefiles.cmd $(dest)
- $(INSTALL_DATA) pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-syntax.txt $(dest)
- $(INSTALL_DATA) pdftex-t.tex pdftex-w.tex pdftex-i.tex $(dest)
- $(INSTALL_DATA) syntaxform.awk syntaxform.pl $(dest)
-
-
-# Dist and clean.
-# tar/zip including pdftex-a.pdf, pdftex-l.pdf, pdftex-s.pdf,
-# although we don't ever make such distributions any more.
-
-distall=$(distnopdf) pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-l.pdf pdftex-s.pdf
-
-mandir=manual
-distdate=`date +%y%m%d`
-distrev=`awk '/Id:/{print $$4; exit}' $(mandir)/pdftex-t.tex`
-
-distnopdf=pdftex-w.tex pdftex-w.txt pdftex-t.tex \
- pdftex-i.tex syntaxform.awk Makefile makefiles.cmd \
- pdftex-syntax.txt pdftex-help.txt README ChangeLog
-
-alltar: $(distall)
- cd .. && tar cvjf $(mandir)/pdftex-$(pdftexversion)-userman-$(distrev).tar.bz2 \
- $(patsubst %, $(mandir)/%, $(distall))
-
-allzip: $(distall)
- cd .. && zip $(mandir)/pdftex-$(pdftexversion)-userman-$(distrev).zip \
- $(patsubst %, $(mandir)/%, $(distall))
-
-
-# tar/zip without PDF files:
-
-tar: $(distnopdf)
- cd .. && tar cvjf $(mandir)/pdftex-$(pdftexversion)-userman-$(distrev)-src.tar.bz2 \
- $(patsubst %, $(mandir)/%, $(distnopdf))
- ls -l *.tar.bz2
-
-zip: $(distnopdf)
- cd .. && zip $(mandir)/pdftex-$(pdftexversion)-userman-$(distrev)-src.zip \
- $(patsubst %, $(mandir)/%, $(distnopdf))
+install:
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) ChangeLog Makefile README $(dest)
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) pdftex-a.pdf $(dest)
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) pdftex.tex pdftexmanual.cls $(dest)
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) incl/*.txt incl/*.tex incl/pdfmin-crop.pdf $(dest)/incl
+ $(INSTALL_DATA) syntaxform.pl $(dest)
+# clean.
clean:
- rm -f *.log *.tuo *.tui *.top *.tmp *-mpgraph.mp
+ rm -f *.aux *.log *.out *.toc
+ rm -f incl/*.fot incl/*.log incl/*.tuc
+ rm -f incl/pdftex-syntax.tex
maintainer-clean: clean
- rm -f pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-l.pdf pdftex-s.pdf
- rm -f pdftex-b.pdf pdftex-b-e.pdf pdftex-b-o.pdf
- rm -f pdftex-help.txt pdftex-syntax.txt pdftex-syntax.tex
- rm -f pdftex-w.pdf pdftex-w.txt
+ rm -f pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-l.pdf
+ rm -f incl/pdftex-help.txt incl/*.pdf
clobber allclean realclean distclean: maintainer-clean
spell:
- myspell pdftex-t.tex
+ dw <pdftex.tex | grep -v cmr10; true
+ myspell pdftex.tex
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/README
index be29ce125f9..ec15f7771f4 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/README
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/README
@@ -1,29 +1,32 @@
-$Id: README 742 2016-04-25 17:30:55Z karl $
-
+$Id: README 914 2024-01-07 21:48:39Z karl $
(This README file public domain.)
Documentation files for pdfTeX:
-pdftex-a.pdf A4 paper size
-pdftex-l.pdf letter paper size
-pdftex-s.pdf screen format
-pdftex-b.pdf A5 booklet made from pdftex-a.pdf
-pdftex-b-e.pdf A5 booklet, even pages
-pdftex-b-o.pdf A5 booklet, odd pages
+Final output:
+pdftex-a.pdf PDF at A4 paper size
+pdftex-l.pdf PDF at letter paper size
+
+Sources:
+pdftex.tex source for manual (LaTeX)
+pdftexmanual.cls document class for manual (LaTeX)
+incl/pdfmin-src.tex source for tiny pdf example (plain)
+incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex source for formatting it (ConTeXt)
-pdftex-t.tex source for manual (ConTeXt)
-pdftex-w.tex source for title page (plain)
-pdftex-i.tex settings for screen output (ConTeXt)
+Files to be kept in sync (more or less) with outside sources:
+incl/fdl-1.2.tex license text, static
+incl/ini-etex.txt .ini example, static
+incl/ini-pdfetex.txt another .ini example, static
+incl/pdftexconfig.txt example pdftex config file
-pdftex-help.txt output of --help
-pdftex-syntax.tex primitives and syntax rules, autogenerated from manual
-pdftex-syntax.txt autogenerated from .tex
+Generated files:
+incl/pdftex-help.txt output of --help, must be updated by hand
+incl/pdftex-syntax.tex primitives and syntax rules, autogenerated from manual
-syntaxform.pl script for making pdftex-syntax.tex
-syntaxform.awk script for making pdftex-syntax.txt
+Helper script:
+syntaxform.pl script for making incl/pdftex-syntax.tex
The Makefile has the rules for building everything.
-For Windows, see makefiles.cmd, though it has not been updated in years.
If working on the manual, make clean removes all the temporary files.
make maintainer-clean removes everything that can be generated.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/fdl-1.2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/fdl-1.2.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..44f3013df15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/fdl-1.2.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+%\chapter*{\rlap{GNU Free Documentation License}}
+%\phantomsection % so hyperref creates bookmarks
+%\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{GNU Free Documentation License}
+%\label{label_fdl}
+
+\chapter{GNU Free Documentation License (v1.2)}
+
+ \begin{center}
+
+ Version 1.2, November 2002
+
+
+ Copyright \copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+ \bigskip
+
+ 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+
+ \bigskip
+
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+\end{center}
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\bf\large Preamble}
+\end{center}
+
+The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
+functional and useful document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to
+assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
+with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
+Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
+to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
+for modifications made by others.
+
+This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
+works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
+complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
+license designed for free software.
+
+We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
+software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
+program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
+software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
+it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
+whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
+principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS}
+\end{center}
+
+This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
+contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
+distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
+world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
+work under the conditions stated herein. The ``\textbf{Document}'', below,
+refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
+licensee, and is addressed as ``\textbf{you}''. You accept the license if you
+copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
+under copyright law.
+
+A ``\textbf{Modified Version}'' of the Document means any work containing the
+Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
+modifications and/or translated into another language.
+
+A ``\textbf{Secondary Section}'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
+the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
+publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
+(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
+within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
+textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
+mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
+connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
+commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
+them.
+
+The ``\textbf{Invariant Sections}'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
+are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
+that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
+section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
+allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
+Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
+Sections then there are none.
+
+The ``\textbf{Cover Texts}'' are certain short passages of text that are listed,
+as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
+the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
+be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
+
+A ``\textbf{Transparent}'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
+represented in a format whose specification is available to the
+general public, that is suitable for revising the document
+straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
+pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
+drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
+for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
+to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
+format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
+or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
+An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
+of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``\textbf{Opaque}''.
+
+Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
+ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
+or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
+HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
+transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
+include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
+proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
+processing tools are not generally available, and the
+machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
+processors for output purposes only.
+
+The ``\textbf{Title Page}'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
+plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
+this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
+formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
+the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
+preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+
+A section ``\textbf{Entitled XYZ}'' means a named subunit of the Document whose
+title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
+text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a
+specific section name mentioned below, such as ``\textbf{Acknowledgements}'',
+``\textbf{Dedications}'', ``\textbf{Endorsements}'', or ``\textbf{History}''.)
+To ``\textbf{Preserve the Title}''
+of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a
+section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
+
+The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
+states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
+Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
+License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
+implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
+no effect on the meaning of this License.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 2. VERBATIM COPYING\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{2. VERBATIM COPYING}
+\end{center}
+
+You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
+commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
+copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
+to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
+conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
+technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
+copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
+compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
+number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section~3.
+
+You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
+you may publicly display copies.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{3. COPYING IN QUANTITY}
+\end{center}
+
+
+If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
+printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
+Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
+copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
+Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
+the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
+you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
+the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
+visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
+Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
+the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
+as verbatim copying in other respects.
+
+If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
+legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
+reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
+pages.
+
+If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
+more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
+copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
+a computer-network location from which the general network-using
+public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
+a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
+If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
+when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
+that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
+location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
+Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
+edition to the public.
+
+It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
+Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
+them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 4. MODIFICATIONS\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{4. MODIFICATIONS}
+\end{center}
+
+You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
+the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
+the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
+Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
+and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
+of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item[A.]
+ Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
+ from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
+ (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
+ of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
+ if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
+
+\item[B.]
+ List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
+ responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
+ Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
+ Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
+ unless they release you from this requirement.
+
+\item[C.]
+ State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
+ Modified Version, as the publisher.
+
+\item[D.]
+ Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+
+\item[E.]
+ Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+ adjacent to the other copyright notices.
+
+\item[F.]
+ Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
+ giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
+ terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
+
+\item[G.]
+ Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
+ and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
+
+\item[H.]
+ Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+
+\item[I.]
+ Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
+ to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
+ publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
+ there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
+ stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
+ given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
+ Version as stated in the previous sentence.
+
+\item[J.]
+ Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
+ public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
+ the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
+ it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
+ You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
+ least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
+ publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
+
+\item[K.]
+ For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
+ Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
+ the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
+ and/or dedications given therein.
+
+\item[L.]
+ Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
+ unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
+ or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
+
+\item[M.]
+ Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
+ may not be included in the Modified Version.
+
+\item[N.]
+ Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements''
+ or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
+
+\item[O.]
+ Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
+\end{itemize}
+
+If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
+appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
+copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
+of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
+list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
+These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
+
+You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
+nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
+parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
+been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
+standard.
+
+You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
+passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
+of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
+Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
+through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
+includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
+by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
+you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
+permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
+
+The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
+give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
+imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS}
+\end{center}
+
+
+You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
+License, under the terms defined in section~4 above for modified
+versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
+Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
+list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
+license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
+
+The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
+multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
+copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
+different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
+adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
+author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
+Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
+Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
+
+In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
+in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
+``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
+and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all sections
+Entitled ``Endorsements''.
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS}
+\end{center}
+
+You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
+released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
+License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
+the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
+verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
+
+You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
+it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
+License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
+other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS}
+\end{center}
+
+
+A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
+and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
+distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
+resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
+of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
+When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
+apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
+derivative works of the Document.
+
+If the Cover Text requirement of section~3 is applicable to these
+copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
+the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
+covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
+electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
+Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
+aggregate.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 8. TRANSLATION\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{8. TRANSLATION}
+\end{center}
+
+
+Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
+distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section~4.
+Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
+permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
+translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
+original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
+translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
+Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
+the original English version of this License and the original versions
+of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
+the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
+or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
+
+If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
+``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section~4) to Preserve
+its Title (section~1) will typically require changing the actual
+title.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 9. TERMINATION\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{9. TERMINATION}
+\end{center}
+
+
+You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
+as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
+copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
+automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
+parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
+License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+parties remain in full compliance.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE}
+\end{center}
+
+
+The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
+of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
+versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
+https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+
+Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
+If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
+License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
+following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
+of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
+Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
+number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
+as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+
+\begin{center}
+{\Large\bf ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents\par}
+\phantomsection
+\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents}
+\end{center}
+
+To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
+the License in the document and put the following copyright and
+license notices just after the title page:
+
+\bigskip
+\begin{quote}
+ Copyright \copyright{} YEAR YOUR NAME.
+ Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+ under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
+ or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+ with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
+ A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+ Free Documentation License''.
+\end{quote}
+\bigskip
+
+If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
+replace the ``with \dots\ Texts.'' line with this:
+
+\bigskip
+\begin{quote}
+ with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
+ Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
+\end{quote}
+\bigskip
+
+If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
+combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
+situation.
+
+If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
+recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
+free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
+to permit their use in free software.
+
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-etex.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-etex.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f8db7a942ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-etex.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
+\input etex.src
+\dump
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-pdfetex.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-pdfetex.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f88b7ac77b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/ini-pdfetex.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
+% This is used for pdftex and pdfetex, which are now identical: both
+% with e-TeX extensions, both with pdf output.
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input etex.src
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\dump
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-crop.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-crop.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4bc6d1552b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-crop.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15e66c635df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-fmt.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+% $Id: pdfmin-fmt.tex 914 2024-01-07 21:48:39Z karl $
+% ConTeXt file to generate the two-column PDF output we show at the
+% beginning. Since this code was already written, and still works,
+% we just keep using it, instead of rewriting in LaTeX or plain TeX.
+
+\setuppapersize[letter][letter]
+
+\starttext
+% The number of lines on the title page depends on exactly
+% what \PDF\ code is generated; the Makefile outputs this.
+% See frontispiece.txt.
+\setvariables[pdftex][titlepagelines=61]
+
+% title page
+
+\definelayout
+ [titlepage]
+ [backspace=0pt, % left margin
+ cutspace=1.5in, % less between columns
+ topspace=0pt,
+ bottomspace=0pt,
+ header=0pt,
+ footer=0pt,
+ lines=\getvariable{pdftex}{titlepagelines},
+ grid=yes,
+ width=middle]
+
+\definecolumnset
+ [titlepage]
+ [n=2,distance=.66in]
+
+\start
+ \chardef\fontdigits=2
+ \switchtobodyfont[11pt,tt]
+ \setupinterlinespace
+ [line=\dimexpr((\paperheight)/\getvariable{pdftex}{titlepagelines})]
+ \setuptyping[margin=,color=]
+ \setuplayout[titlepage]
+
+ \startcolumnset[titlepage]
+ \typefile{incl/pdfmin-src.txt}
+ \stopcolumnset
+
+ \page
+ \setuplayout
+\stop
+
+\stoptext
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-w.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.tex
index a32da4e54ce..c6986788ac2 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-w.tex
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.tex
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-% $Id: pdftex-w.tex 849 2021-02-18 17:55:44Z karl $
+% $Id: pdfmin-src.tex 914 2024-01-07 21:48:39Z karl $
% run with -ini:
\catcode`{=1 \catcode`}=2
\def\TeX{T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..89cc7c960f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdfmin-src.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+%PDF-1.4
+%
+3 0 obj
+<<
+/Length 119
+>>
+stream
+BT
+/F1 9.9626 Tf 72 713.245 Td
+[(W)80(elcome)-250(to)-250(pdfT)]TJ 67.818
+-2.241 Td [(E)]TJ 4.842 2.241 Td [(X!)]TJ
+ET
+endstream
+endobj
+2 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /Page
+/Contents 3 0 R
+/Resources 1 0 R
+/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
+/Parent 5 0 R
+>>
+endobj
+1 0 obj
+<<
+/Font << /F1 4 0 R >>
+/ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ]
+>>
+endobj
+7 0 obj
+[333 408 500 500 833 778 333 333 333 500 564
+250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
+500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444 921 722
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+722 722 611 333 278 333 469 500 333 444 500
+444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778
+500 500 500 500 333 389 278]
+endobj
+8 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /FontDescriptor
+/FontName /Times-Roman
+/Flags 2
+/FontBBox [0 -216 1000 678]
+/Ascent 678
+/CapHeight 651
+/Descent -216
+/ItalicAngle 0
+/StemV 83
+/XHeight 450
+>>
+endobj
+6 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /Encoding
+/Differences [33/exclam 69/E 84/T 87/W/X
+99/c/d/e/f 108/l/m 111/o/p 116/t]
+>>
+endobj
+4 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /Font
+/Subtype /Type1
+/BaseFont /Times-Roman
+/FontDescriptor 8 0 R
+/FirstChar 33
+/LastChar 116
+/Widths 7 0 R
+/Encoding 6 0 R
+>>
+endobj
+5 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /Pages
+/Count 1
+/Kids [2 0 R]
+>>
+endobj
+9 0 obj
+<<
+/Type /Catalog
+/Pages 5 0 R
+>>
+endobj
+10 0 obj
+<<
+/Producer (pdfTeX-1.40.25)
+/Creator (TeX)
+/CreationDate (D:20240108150253-08'00')
+/ModDate (D:20240108150253-08'00')
+/Trapped /False
+/PTEX.Fullbanner (This is pdfTeX, Version
+3.141592653-2.6-1.40.25 (TeX Live 2023)
+kpathsea version 6.3.5)
+>>
+endobj
+xref
+0 11
+0000000000 65535 f
+0000000296 00000 n
+0000000192 00000 n
+0000000015 00000 n
+0000001010 00000 n
+0000001162 00000 n
+0000000898 00000 n
+0000000363 00000 n
+0000000716 00000 n
+0000001219 00000 n
+0000001268 00000 n
+trailer
+<< /Size 11
+/Root 9 0 R
+/Info 10 0 R
+/ID [<D7AF4FB2094D7DD8EC2DCBE1494C911E>
+<D7AF4FB2094D7DD8EC2DCBE1494C911E>] >>
+startxref
+1529
+%%EOF
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-help.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-help.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..570587e4e87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-help.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+Usage: pdftex [OPTION]... [TEXNAME[.tex]] [COMMANDS]
+ or: pdftex [OPTION]... \FIRST-LINE
+ or: pdftex [OPTION]... &FMT ARGS
+ Run pdfTeX on TEXNAME, usually creating TEXNAME.pdf.
+ Any remaining COMMANDS are processed as pdfTeX input, after TEXNAME is read.
+ If the first line of TEXNAME is %&FMT, and FMT is an existing .fmt file,
+ use it. Else use `NAME.fmt', where NAME is the program invocation name,
+ most commonly `pdftex'.
+
+ Alternatively, if the first non-option argument begins with a backslash,
+ interpret all non-option arguments as a line of pdfTeX input.
+
+ Alternatively, if the first non-option argument begins with a &, the
+ next word is taken as the FMT to read, overriding all else. Any
+ remaining arguments are processed as above.
+
+ If no arguments or options are specified, prompt for input.
+
+-cnf-line=STRING parse STRING as a configuration file line
+-draftmode switch on draft mode (generates no output PDF)
+-enc enable encTeX extensions such as \mubyte
+-etex enable e-TeX extensions
+[-no]-file-line-error disable/enable file:line:error style messages
+-fmt=FMTNAME use FMTNAME instead of program name or a %& line
+-halt-on-error stop processing at the first error
+-ini be pdfinitex, for dumping formats; this is implicitly
+ true if the program name is `pdfinitex'
+-interaction=STRING set interaction mode (STRING=batchmode/nonstopmode/
+ scrollmode/errorstopmode)
+-ipc send DVI output to a socket as well as the usual
+ output file
+-ipc-start as -ipc, and also start the server at the other end
+-jobname=STRING set the job name to STRING
+-kpathsea-debug=NUMBER set path searching debugging flags according to
+ the bits of NUMBER
+[-no]-mktex=FMT disable/enable mktexFMT generation (FMT=tex/tfm/pk)
+-mltex enable MLTeX extensions such as \charsubdef
+-output-comment=STRING use STRING for DVI file comment instead of date
+ (no effect for PDF)
+-output-directory=DIR use existing DIR as the directory to write files in
+-output-format=FORMAT use FORMAT for job output; FORMAT is `dvi' or `pdf'
+[-no]-parse-first-line disable/enable parsing of first line of input file
+-progname=STRING set program (and fmt) name to STRING
+-recorder enable filename recorder
+[-no]-shell-escape disable/enable \write18{SHELL COMMAND}
+-shell-restricted enable restricted \write18
+-src-specials insert source specials into the DVI file
+-src-specials=WHERE insert source specials in certain places of
+ the DVI file. WHERE is a comma-separated value
+ list: cr display hbox math par parend vbox
+-synctex=NUMBER generate SyncTeX data for previewers according to
+ bits of NUMBER (`man synctex' for details)
+-translate-file=TCXNAME use the TCX file TCXNAME
+-8bit make all characters printable by default
+-help display this help and exit
+-version output version information and exit
+
+pdfTeX home page: <http://pdftex.org>
+
+Email bug reports to pdftex@tug.org (https://lists.tug.org/pdftex).
+
+
+
+pdfTeX 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.25 (TeX Live 2023)
+kpathsea version 6.3.5
+Copyright 2023 Han The Thanh (pdfTeX) et al.
+There is NO warranty. Redistribution of this software is
+covered by the terms of both the pdfTeX copyright and
+the Lesser GNU General Public License.
+For more information about these matters, see the file
+named COPYING and the pdfTeX source.
+Primary author of pdfTeX: Han The Thanh (pdfTeX) et al.
+Compiled with libpng 1.6.39; using libpng 1.6.39
+Compiled with zlib 1.2.13; using zlib 1.2.13
+Compiled with xpdf version 4.04
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-syntax.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-syntax.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d27a524b915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftex-syntax.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,660 @@
+% This is the list of new or extended primitives provided by pdftex.
+% Don't edit this file, as it is auto-generated from the
+% pdfTeX manual source pdftex.tex by the script syntaxform.pl.
+% Syntax rule conventions borrowed from `TeXbook naruby' by Petr Olsak.
+\section{Integer registers}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{efcode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{knaccode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{knbccode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{knbscode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{lpcode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfadjustinterwordglue} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfadjustspacing} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfappendkern} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfdecimaldigits} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfdraftmode} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfforcepagebox} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfgamma} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfgentounicode} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfimageapplygamma} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfimagegamma} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfimagehicolor} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfimageresolution} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinclusioncopyfonts} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinfoomitdate} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmajorversion} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfminorversion} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmovechars} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfomitcharset} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfomitinfodict} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfomitprocset} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfoutput} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpagebox} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpkresolution} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfprependkern} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfprotrudechars} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsuppressptexinfo} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupdest} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupmap} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftracingfonts} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfuniqueresname} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{rpcode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{shbscode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{showstream} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{stbscode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{tagcode} \Something{font} \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{tracinglostchars} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{tracingstacklevels} \Whatever{integer}
+}
+\section{Read-only integers}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfelapsedtime} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastannot} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastlink} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastobj} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastxform} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastximage} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastximagecolordepth} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastximagepages} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastxpos} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastypos} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrandomseed} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfretval} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfshellescape} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftexversion} \Whatever{read-only integer}
+}
+\section{Dimen registers}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfdestmargin} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfeachlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfeachlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffirstlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfhorigin} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfignoreddimen} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflinkmargin} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpageheight} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpagewidth} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpxdimen} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfthreadmargin} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfvorigin} \Whatever{dimen}
+}
+\section{Token registers}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpageattr} \Whatever{tokens}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpageresources} \Whatever{tokens}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpagesattr} \Whatever{tokens}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpkmode} \Whatever{tokens}
+}
+\section{Expandable commands}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{expanded} \Something{tokens} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{ifincsname} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{ifpdfabsdim} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{ifpdfabsnum} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{ifpdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{input} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{leftmarginkern} \Something{box number} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcolorstackinit} \Optional{\Literal{page}} \Optional{\Literal{direct}} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcreationdate} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfescapehex} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfescapename} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfescapestring} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffiledump} \Optional{\Literal{offset} \Something{integer}} \Optional{\Literal{length} \Something{integer}} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffilemoddate} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffilesize} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffontname} \Something{font} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffontobjnum} \Something{font} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffontsize} \Something{font} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfincludechars} \Something{font} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinsertht} \Something{integer} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdflastmatch} \Something{integer} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmatch} \Optional{\Literal{icase}} \Optional{\Literal{subcount} \Something{integer}} \Something{general text} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmdfivesum} \Optional{\Literal{file}} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfnormaldeviate} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfpageref} \Something{page number} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfstrcmp} \Something{general text} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftexbanner} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftexrevision} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfunescapehex} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfuniformdeviate} \Something{number} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfxformname} \Something{object number} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfximagebbox} \Something{integer} \Something{integer} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{rightmarginkern} \Something{box number} \Whatever{expandable}
+}
+\section{General commands}
+
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{letterspacefont} \Something{control sequence} \Something{font} \Something{integer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{partokencontext} \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{partokenname} \Something{control sequence}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfannot} \Something{annot type spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcatalog} \Something{general text} \Optional{\Literal{openaction} \Something{action spec}}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcolorstack} \Something{stack number} \Something{stack action} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfcopyfont} \Something{control sequence} \Something{font}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfdest} \Something{dest spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfendlink} \Modelist{h, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfendthread} \Modelist{v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffakespace}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffontattr} \Something{font} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdffontexpand} \Something{font} \Something{stretch} \Something{shrink} \Something{step} \Optional{\Literal{autoexpand}}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfglyphtounicode} \Something{general text} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinfo} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinterwordspaceoff}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfinterwordspaceon}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfliteral} \Optional{\Literal{shipout}} \Optional{\Literal{direct} \Or \Literal{page}} \Something{general text} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmapfile} \Something{map filename}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfmapline} \Something{map spec}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfnames} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfnobuiltintounicode} \Something{font}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfnoligatures} \Something{font}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfobj} \Something{object type spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfoutline} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{action spec} \Optional{\Literal{count} \Something{integer}} \Something{general text} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrefobj} \Something{object number} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrefxform} \Something{object number} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrefximage} \Something{object number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfresettimer}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrestore}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrunninglinkoff}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfrunninglinkon}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsave}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsavepos} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsetmatrix}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfsetrandomseed} \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfspacefont} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfstartlink} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{action spec} \Modelist{h, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfthread} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{id spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftrailer} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftrailerid} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdftstartthread} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{id spec} \Modelist{v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfxform} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Optional{\Something{resources spec}} \Something{box number} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{pdfximage} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Optional{\Something{pdf box spec}} \Optional{\Something{colorspace spec}} \Next \Something{general text} \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{quitvmode}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:} \Something{text}\Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:direct:} \Something{text}\Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:page:} \Something{text}\Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{special} \Optional{\Literal{shipout}} \Lbrace\Something{text}\Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\cs{vadjust} \Optional{\Something{pre spec}} \Something{filler} \Lbrace \Something{vertical mode material} \Rbrace \Modelist{h, m}
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftexconfig.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftexconfig.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9b3011a22c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/incl/pdftexconfig.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+% tex-ini-files 2016-04-15: pdftexconfig.tex
+
+% Load shared (PDF) settings in pdfTeX
+
+% Enable PDF output
+\pdfoutput = 1
+
+% Paper size: dimensions given in absolute terms
+\pdfpageheight = 11 true in
+\pdfpagewidth = 8.5 true in
+
+% Enable PDF 1.5 output and thus more compression
+\pdfminorversion = 5
+\pdfobjcompresslevel = 2
+
+% Low-level settings unlikely ever to need to change
+\pdfcompresslevel = 9
+\pdfdecimaldigits = 3
+\pdfpkresolution = 600
+\pdfhorigin = 1 true in
+\pdfvorigin = 1 true in
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/makefiles.cmd b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/makefiles.cmd
deleted file mode 100644
index 5bda71136c3..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/makefiles.cmd
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-rem texexec --format=plain pdftex-x
-rem copy pdf file to pdftex-y and edit that file
-rem texexec --format=plain pdftex-z
-
-texexec --pdf --result=pdftex-a pdftex-t
-texexec --pdf --result=pdftex-b pdftex-a --pdfarrange --print=up --paper=A4A3 --addempty=1,2
-
-texexec --pdf --result=pdftex-l pdftex-t --mode=letter
-texexec --pdf --result=pdftex-s pdftex-t --mode=screen
-
-del /q pdftex.zip
-
-zip pdftex pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-l.pdf pdftex-s.pdf pdftex-t.tex pdftex-i.tex pdftex-t.txt makefiles.cmd
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf
index 878bab87376..3719390ec0c 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-a.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-i.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-i.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 28036649bc7..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-i.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-%$Id: pdftex-i.tex 635 2010-11-14 19:15:12Z karl $
-
-\pdfmapline{+contnav ContextNavigation <contnav.pfb}
-\startmode[screen]
-
-\setuppapersize
- [S6][S6]
-
-\setuplayout
- [topspace=20pt,
- backspace=40pt,
- width=520pt,
- height=390pt,
- lines=29,
- header=0pt,
- footer=0pt,
- bottomdistance=10pt,
- bottom=20pt,
- leftmargin=30pt,
- leftmargindistance=10pt,
- rightmargin=0pt,
- rightedge=27.5pt,
- rightedgedistance=7.5pt]
-
-\setupcolors
- [state=start]
-
-\setupbackgrounds
- [page]
- [background=color,
- backgroundcolor=ColorP]
-
-\setupbackgrounds
- [text][text]
- [backgroundoffset=2.5pt,
- background=color,
- backgroundcolor=ColorT]
-
-\definecolor [ColorT] [s=.85]
-\definecolor [ColorP] [r=.3,g=.4,b=.5]
-\definecolor [ColorI] [r=.95,g=.95,b=0]
-
-\setupinteraction
- [state=start,
- menu=on,
- color=ColorP,
- contrastcolor=ColorP]
-
-\setupfootnotedefinition
- [location=serried,
- width=fit]
-
-\setuptabulate
- [rulecolor=ColorP]
-
-\setupfootnotes
- [rulecolor=ColorP]
-
-\setupinteractionmenu
- [right,bottom]
- [state=start,
- color=ColorI,
- contrastcolor=ColorI,
- style=bold,
- frame=off]
-
-\setuplist
- [chapter,section]
- [pagenumber=off]
-
-\startinteractionmenu[right]
- \bodyfontsize=20pt
- \but [firstpage] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[firstpage]} \\
- \but [lastpage] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[lastpage]} \\ \vfill
- \but [previouspage] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[previouspage]} \\
- \but [nextpage] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[nextpage]} \\ \vfill
- \but [PreviousJump] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[PreviousJump]} \\
- \but [NextJump] \rotate[rotation=270]{\symbol[NextJump]} \\
-\stopinteractionmenu
-
-\startinteractionmenu[bottom]
- \but [contents] content \\ \hfill
- \but [paperversion::] The pdf\TeX\ user manual \\ \hfill
- \but [CloseDocument] exit \\
-\stopinteractionmenu
-
-\setuphead
- [section,subsection,subsubsection,pdftexprimitive,subject]
- [textcolor=ColorP,
- numbercolor=ColorT]
-
-\def\SubSub#1{\mathematics{\color[ColorT]{\blacktriangleright}}}
-
-\useexternaldocument[paperversion][pdftex-a]
-
-\coupledocument
- [paperversion]
- [pdftex-a]
- [section,subsection,subsubsection,pdftexprimitive]
- [the paper version]
-
-\setuphead
- [section,subsection,subsubsection,pdftexprimitive]
- [file=paperversion]
-
-\stopmode
-
-\startbuffer[screen]
-
-\setupbackgrounds [page] [background={color,content}]
-\defineoverlay [content] [\overlaybutton{contents}]
-\setupinteraction [menu=off]
-
-\startstandardmakeup
- \setupalign[middle]
- \startcolor[ColorP]
- \definefont[test][TitleFont at 130pt] \test \setupinterlinespace
- \strut PDF\kern.1em\TeX
- \definefont[test][TitleFont at 60pt] \test \setupinterlinespace
- \vfill
- users manual
- \vfill
- \definefont[test][TitleFont at 15pt] \test \setupinterlinespace
- \leavevmode
- \gotobox{\strut \underbar{H\`an Th\^e Th\`anh}}[url(thanh)]\quad
- \gotobox{\strut Sebastian Rahtz}[url(sebastian)]\quad
- \gotobox{\strut Hans Hagen}[url(hans)]\quad
- \gotobox{\strut Hartmut Henkel}[url(hartmut)]
- \vfill
- \stopcolor
-\stopstandardmakeup
-
-\setupinteraction [menu=on]
-\setupbackgrounds [page] [background=color]
-
-\stopbuffer
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-syntax.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-syntax.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 59cb911e35a..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-syntax.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,784 +0,0 @@
-%% $Id: syntaxform.pl 742 2016-04-25 17:30:55Z karl $
-%% This is the list of new or extended primitives provided by pdftex.
-%% Don't edit this file, as it is now auto-generated from the
-%% pdfTeX manual source pdftex-t.tex (and the generated
-%% pdftex-syntax.tex) by the script syntaxform.awk.
-%% Syntax rule conventions borrowed from `TeXbook naruby' by Petr Olsak.
-
-%% Integer registers:
-\efcode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\knaccode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\knbccode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\knbscode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\lpcode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\pdfadjustinterwordglue (integer)
-\pdfadjustspacing (integer)
-\pdfappendkern (integer)
-\pdfcompresslevel (integer)
-\pdfdecimaldigits (integer)
-\pdfdraftmode (integer)
-\pdfforcepagebox (integer)
-\pdfgamma (integer)
-\pdfgentounicode (integer)
-\pdfimageapplygamma (integer)
-\pdfimagegamma (integer)
-\pdfimagehicolor (integer)
-\pdfimageresolution (integer)
-\pdfinclusioncopyfonts (integer)
-\pdfinclusionerrorlevel (integer)
-\pdfinfoomitdate (integer)
-\pdfmajorversion (integer)
-\pdfminorversion (integer)
-\pdfobjcompresslevel (integer)
-\pdfomitcharset (integer)
-\pdfomitinfodict (integer)
-\pdfomitprocset (integer)
-\pdfoutput (integer)
-\pdfpagebox (integer)
-\pdfpkresolution (integer)
-\pdfprependkern (integer)
-\pdfprotrudechars (integer)
-\pdfsuppressptexinfo (integer)
-\pdfsuppresswarningdupdest (integer)
-\pdfsuppresswarningdupmap (integer)
-\pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup (integer)
-\pdftracingfonts (integer)
-\pdfuniqueresname (integer)
-\rpcode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\shbscode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\showstream (integer)
-\stbscode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\tagcode <font> <8-bit number> (integer)
-\tracinglostchars (integer)
-\tracingstacklevels (integer)
-
-%% Read-only integers:
-\pdfelapsedtime (read-only integer)
-\pdflastannot (read-only integer)
-\pdflastlink (read-only integer)
-\pdflastobj (read-only integer)
-\pdflastxform (read-only integer)
-\pdflastximage (read-only integer)
-\pdflastximagecolordepth (read-only integer)
-\pdflastximagepages (read-only integer)
-\pdflastxpos (read-only integer)
-\pdflastypos (read-only integer)
-\pdfrandomseed (read-only integer)
-\pdfretval (read-only integer)
-\pdfshellescape (read-only integer)
-\pdftexversion (read-only integer)
-
-%% Dimen registers:
-\pdfdestmargin (dimen)
-\pdfeachlinedepth (dimen)
-\pdfeachlineheight (dimen)
-\pdffirstlineheight (dimen)
-\pdfhorigin (dimen)
-\pdfignoreddimen (dimen)
-\pdflastlinedepth (dimen)
-\pdflinkmargin (dimen)
-\pdfpageheight (dimen)
-\pdfpagewidth (dimen)
-\pdfpxdimen (dimen)
-\pdfthreadmargin (dimen)
-\pdfvorigin (dimen)
-
-%% Token registers:
-\pdfpageattr (tokens)
-\pdfpageresources (tokens)
-\pdfpagesattr (tokens)
-\pdfpkmode (tokens)
-
-%% Expandable commands:
-\expanded <tokens> (expandable)
-\ifincsname (expandable)
-\ifpdfabsdim (expandable)
-\ifpdfabsnum (expandable)
-\ifpdfprimitive <control sequence> (expandable)
-\input <general text> (expandable)
-\leftmarginkern <box number> (expandable)
-\pdfcolorstackinit [page] [direct] <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfcreationdate (expandable)
-\pdfescapehex <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfescapename <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfescapestring <general text> (expandable)
-\pdffiledump [offset <integer>] [length <integer>] <general text> (expandable)
-\pdffilemoddate <general text> (expandable)
-\pdffilesize <general text> (expandable)
-\pdffontname <font> (expandable)
-\pdffontobjnum <font> (expandable)
-\pdffontsize <font> (expandable)
-\pdfincludechars <font> <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfinsertht <integer> (expandable)
-\pdflastmatch <integer> (expandable)
-\pdfmatch [icase] [subcount <integer>] <general text> <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfmdfivesum [file] <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfnormaldeviate (expandable)
-\pdfpageref <page number> (expandable)
-\pdfstrcmp <general text> <general text> (expandable)
-\pdftexbanner (expandable)
-\pdftexrevision (expandable)
-\pdfunescapehex <general text> (expandable)
-\pdfuniformdeviate <number> (expandable)
-\pdfxformname <object number> (expandable)
-\pdfximagebbox <integer> <integer> (expandable)
-\rightmarginkern <box number> (expandable)
-
-%% General commands:
-\letterspacefont <control sequence> <font> <integer>
-\partokenname <control sequence>
-\pdfannot <annot type spec> (h, v, m)
-\pdfcatalog <general text> [openaction <action spec>]
-\pdfcolorstack <stack number> <stack action> <general text>
-\pdfcopyfont <control sequence> <font>
-\pdfdest <dest spec> (h, v, m)
-\pdfendlink (h, m)
-\pdfendthread (v, m)
-\pdffakespace
-\pdffontattr <font> <general text>
-\pdffontexpand <font> <stretch> <shrink> <step> [autoexpand]
-\pdfglyphtounicode <general text> <general text>
-\pdfinfo <general text>
-\pdfinterwordspaceoff
-\pdfinterwordspaceon
-\pdfliteral [shipout] [direct | page] <general text> (h, v, m)
-\pdfmapfile <map spec>
-\pdfmapline <map spec>
-\pdfnames <general text>
-\pdfnobuiltintounicode <font>
-\pdfnoligatures <font>
-\pdfobj <object type spec> (h, v, m)
-\pdfoutline [<attr spec>] <action spec> [count <integer>] <general text> (h, v, m)
-\pdfprimitive <control sequence>
-\pdfrefobj <object number> (h, v, m)
-\pdfrefxform <object number> (h, v, m)
-\pdfrefximage <object number>
-\pdfresettimer
-\pdfrestore
-\pdfrunninglinkoff
-\pdfrunninglinkon
-\pdfsave
-\pdfsavepos (h, v, m)
-\pdfsetmatrix
-\pdfsetrandomseed <number>
-\pdfspacefont <general text>
-\pdfstartlink [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] <action spec> (h, m)
-\pdfthread [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] <id spec> (h, v, m)
-\pdftrailer <general text>
-\pdftrailerid <general text>
-\pdftstartthread [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] <id spec> (v, m)
-\pdfxform [<attr spec>] [<resources spec>] <box number> (h, v, m)
-\pdfximage [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] [<page spec>] [<colorspace spec>] [<pdf box spec>] <general text> (h, v, m)
-\quitvmode
-\special {pdf: <text> }
-\special {pdf:direct: <text> }
-\special {pdf:page: <text> }
-\special [shipout] {<general text> }
-\vadjust [<pre spec>] <filler> { <vertical mode material> } (h, m)
-
-%% Syntax rules:
-<general text> --> { <balanced text> }
-<attr spec> --> attr <general text>
-<resources spec> --> resources <general text>
-<rule spec> --> (width | height | depth) <dimen> [<rule spec>]
-<object type spec> --> reserveobjnum
- | [useobjnum <number>] [stream [<attr spec>]] <object contents>
-<annot type spec> --> reserveobjnum
- | [useobjnum <number>] [<rule spec>] <general text>
-<object contents> --> <file spec>
- | <general text>
-<xform attr spec> --> [<attr spec>] [<resources spec>]
-<image attr spec> --> [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] [<page spec>] [<colorspace spec>] [<pdf box spec>]
-<outline spec> --> [<attr spec>] <action spec> [count <number>] <general text>
-<action spec> --> user <user-action spec>
- | goto <goto-action spec>
- | thread <thread-action spec>
-<user-action spec> --> <general text>
-<goto-action struct spec> --> struct (<numid> | nameid | <general text>)
-<goto-action spec> --> [<goto-action struct spec>] <numid>
- | [<file spec>] [<goto-action struct spec>] <nameid>
- | [<file spec>] [<goto-action struct spec>] [<page spec>] <general text>
- | <file spec> [<goto-action struct spec>] <nameid> <newwindow spec>
- | <file spec> [<goto-action struct spec>] [<page spec>] <general text> <newwindow spec>
-<thread-action spec> --> [<file spec>] <numid>
- | [<file spec>] <nameid>
-<colorspace spec> --> colorspace <number>
-<pdf box spec> --> mediabox | cropbox | bleedbox | trimbox | artbox
-<map spec> --> { [<map modifier>] <balanced text> }
-<map modifier> --> + | = | -
-<numid> --> num <number>
-<nameid> --> name <general text>
-<newwindow spec> --> newwindow | nonewwindow
-<dest spec> --> [struct <number>] \\
- (<numid> | <nameid>)
- <dest type>
-<dest type> --> xyz [zoom <number>]
- | fitr <rule spec>
- | fitbh
- | fitbv
- | fitb
- | fith
- | fitv
- | fit
-<thread spec> --> [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] <id spec>
-<id spec> --> <numid> | <nameid>
-<file spec> --> file <general text>
-<page spec> --> page <number>
-<expand spec> --> <stretch> <shrink> <step> [autoexpand]
-<stretch> --> <number>
-<shrink> --> <number>
-<step> --> <number>
-<pre spec> --> pre
-<pdfspecial spec> --> { [<pdfspecial id> [<pdfspecial modifier>]] <balanced text> }
-<pdfspecial id> --> pdf: | PDF:
-<pdfspecial modifier> --> direct:
-<stack action> --> set | push | pop | current
-<goto-action spec> --> [<goto-action struct spec>] <numid>
- | [<file spec>] [<goto-action struct spec>] <nameid>
- | [<file spec>] [<goto-action struct spec>] [<page spec>] <general text>
- | <file spec> [<goto-action struct spec>] <nameid> <newwindow spec>
- | <file spec> [<goto-action struct spec>] [<page spec>] <general text> <newwindow spec>
-<text> }} is equivalent to \Syntax{\pdfliteral
-shipout { <text> }}.
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Strings}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfescapestring <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfescapestring}
-================= ERROR
-Starting with version 1.30.0, \PDFTEX\ provides a mechanism for converting
-a general text into \PDF\ string. Many characters that may be needed inside
-such a text (especially parenthesis), have a special meaning inside a \PDF\
-string object and thus, can't be used literally. The primitive replaces each
-special \PDF\ character by its literal representation by inserting a backslash
-before that character. Some characters (\eg\ space) are also converted into
-3-digit octal number. In example, \type{\pdfescapestring{Text (1)}} will be
-expanded to \type{Text\040\(1\)}. This ensures a literal interpretation of the
-text by the \PDF\ viewer.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfescapename <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfescapename}
-================= ERROR
-In analogy to \type{\pdfescapestring}, \type{\pdfescapename} replaces each
-special \PDF\ character inside the general text by its hexadecimal
-representation preceded by \type{#} character. This ensures the proper
-interpretation of the text if used as a \PDF\ name object. In example,
-\type{Text (1)} will be replaced by \type{Text#20#281#29}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfescapehex <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfescapehex}
-================= ERROR
-This command converts each character of <general text> into its
-hexadecimal representation. Each character of the argument becomes a pair of
-hexadecimal digits. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfunescapehex <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfunescapehex}
-================= ERROR
-This command treats each character pair of <general text> as
-a hexadecimal number and returns an \ASCII\ character of this code.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfstrcmp <general text>
- <general text> (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfstrcmp}
-================= ERROR
-This command compares two strings and expands to \type{0} if the strings
-are equal, to \type{-1} if the first string ranks before the second, and
-to \type{1} otherwise. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfmatch [icase]
- [subcount <integer>] <general text>
- <general text> (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfmatch}
-================= ERROR
-This command implements pattern matching (using the syntax of \POSIX\
-extended regular expressions). The first <general text> is a
-pattern and the second is a string. The command expands to \type{-1} if
-the pattern is invalid, to \type{0} if no match is found, and to
-\type{1} if a match is found. With the \type{icase} option, the matching
-is case-insensitive. The \type{subcount} option sets the size of the
-table storing the found (sub)patterns; its default is 10.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdflastmatch <integer>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdflastmatch}
-================= ERROR
-The matches found with \type{\pdfmatch} are stored in a table. This
-command returns the entry for <integer>, in the format
-<position>\type{->}<string>; <position> is
-the position of the match (starting at zero) or \type{-1} if no match
-was found, and <string> is the matched substring.
-================= ERROR
-Entry~0 contains the match as a whole; the subsequent entries contain
-submatches corresponding to the subpatterns, up to \type{subcount-1}.
-================= ERROR
-If <integer> is less than zero, an error is given.
-================= ERROR
-For instance:
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-\pdfmatch subcount 3 {ab(cd)*ef(gh)(ij)}{abefghij}
-\pdflastmatch0 % "0->abefghij"
-\pdflastmatch1 % "-1->"
-\pdflastmatch2 % "4->gh"
-\pdflastmatch3 % "-1->"
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-Entry~1 is empty because no match was found for \type{cd}, and entry~3
-is empty because it exceeds the table's size as set by \type{subcount}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Numbers}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\ifpdfabsnum (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\ifpdfabsnum}
-================= ERROR
-This conditional works like the standard \type{\ifnum}, except that it
-compares absolute values of numbers. Although it seems to be a trivial
-shortcut for a couple of \type{\ifnum x<0} tests, as a primitive it is
-considerably more friendly in usage and works a bit faster.
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\ifpdfabsdim (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\ifpdfabsdim}
-================= ERROR
-Analogous to \type{\ifpdfabsnum}, this conditional works like
-\type{\ifdim}, except that it compares absolute values of
-dimensions. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfuniformdeviate <number>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfuniformdeviate}
-================= ERROR
-Generate a uniformly-distributed random integer value between 0
-(inclusive) and <number> (exclusive). This primitive expands
-to a list of tokens. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfnormaldeviate (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfnormaldeviate}
-================= ERROR
-Generate a normally-distributed random integer with a mean of~0 and
-standard deviation 65\,536. That is, about 68\% of the time, the result
-will be between $-65536$ and $65536$ (one standard deviation away from
-the mean). About 95\% of results will be within two standard
-deviations, and 99.7\% within three. This primitive expands to a list
-of tokens. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfrandomseed (read-only integer)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfrandomseed}
-================= ERROR
-You can use \type{\the\pdfrandomseed} to query the current seed value,
-so you can \eg\ write the value to the log file. The initial value of
-the seed is derived from the system time, and is not more than
-1\,000\,999\,999 (this ensures that the value can be used with commands
-like \type{\count}). \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfsetrandomseed <number>}}
-\bookmark{\pdfsetrandomseed}
-================= ERROR
-Set the random seed (\type{\pdfrandomseed}) to a specific value,
-allowing you to replay sequences of semi-randoms at a later moment.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Timekeeping}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfelapsedtime (read-only integer)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfelapsedtime}
-================= ERROR
-Return a number that represents the time elapsed from the moment of the
-start of the run. The elapsed time is returned in `scaled seconds',
-meaning seconds divided by 65536, \eg\ \PDFTEX\ has run for
-\the\pdfelapsedtime\ `scaled seconds' when this paragraph was
-typeset. Of course, the command will never return a value greater than
-the highest number available in \TeX: if the time exceeds 32767 seconds,
-the constant value $2^{31}-1$ will be returned. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfresettimer}}
-\bookmark{\pdfresettimer}
-================= ERROR
-Reset the internal timer so that \type{\pdfelapsedtime}
-starts returning micro-time from~0 again. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Files}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdffilemoddate <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdffilemoddate}
-================= ERROR
-Expands to the modification date of file <general text> in the
-same format as for \type{\pdfcreationdate}, \eg\ it's {\tt
-\pdffilemoddate {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual. As of
-version 1.40.20, if the \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and
-\type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} environment variables are both set,
-\type{\pdffilemoddate} returns a value in UTC, ending in \type{Z}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdffilesize <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdffilesize}
-================= ERROR
-Expands to the size of file <general text>, \eg\ it's {\tt
-\pdffilesize {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfmdfivesum
- [file]
- <general text> (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfmdfivesum\ file}
-================= ERROR
-If the keyword \type{file} is given, expands to the \MDFIVE\ of file
-\Somethingtext{general text} in uppercase hexadecimal format (same as
-\type{\pdfescapehex}). Without \type{file}, expands to the \MDFIVE\ of
-the \Somethingtext{generaltext} taken as a string. For example, it's
-{\tt \pdfmdfivesum file {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdffiledump
- [offset <integer>]
- [length <integer>]
- <general text> (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdffiledump}
-================= ERROR
-Expands to the dump of the first \type{length} \Somethingtext{integer}
-bytes of the file \Somethingtext{general text}, in uppercase hexadecimal
-format (same as \type{\pdfescapehex}), starting at offset
-\type{offset}~\Somethingtext{number}, or the beginning of the file if
-\type{offset}. If \type{length} is not given, the default is zero, so
-expands to nothing. Both \Somethingtext{integer}s must be $\ge0$. For
-example, the first ten bytes of the source of this manual are {\tt
-\pdffiledump length 10 {./pdftex-t.tex}}. \introduced{1.30.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\input <general text>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\input}
-================= ERROR
-As of \TEXLIVE\ 2020, the \type{\input} primitive in all \TEX\ engines,
-including \PDFTEX, now also accepts a group-delimited filename argument,
-as a system-dependent extension, as in \type{\input} {
-\type{foo.tex} }. The usage of \type{\input} with a standard
-space/token-delimited filename is completely unchanged.
-================= ERROR
-This group-delimited argument was previously implemented in Lua\TEX; now
-it is available in all engines. \ASCII\ double quote characters
-(\type{"}) are removed from the filename, but it is otherwise left
-unchanged after tokenization.
-================= ERROR
-This extension is unlike most others in that it affects a primitive in
-standard \TEX\ (\type{\input}), rather than being related to a new
-primitive, command line option, etc. This is allowed because additional
-methods of recognizing filenames are explicitly mentioned in
-\type{tex.web} as acceptable system-dependent extensions.
-================= ERROR
-Incidentally, this does not directly affect \LATEX's \type{\input}
-command, as that is a macro redefinition of the standard \type{\input}
-primitive.
-================= ERROR
-\introduced{1.40.21}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Color stack}
-================= ERROR
-\PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 comes with color stack support (actually any graphic state
-stack).
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfcolorstackinit [page]
- [direct] <general text> (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfcolorstackinit}
-================= ERROR
-The primitive initializes a new graphic stack and returns its number. Optional
-page keyword instructs \PDFTEX\ to restore the graphic at the
-beginning of every new page. Also optional direct has the same effect
-as for \pdfliteral primitive. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfcolorstack <stack number>
- <stack action> <general text>}}
-\bookmark{\pdfcolorstack}
-================= ERROR
-The command operates on the stack of a given number. If \Something{stack
-action} is push keyword, the new value provided as
-<general text> is inserted into the top of the graphic stack
-and becomes the current stack value. If followed by pop, the
-top value is removed from the stack and the new top value becomes the
-current. set keyword replaces the current value with
-<general text> without changing the stack size.
-current keyword instructs just to use the current stack value
-without modifying the stack at all. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Transformations}
-================= ERROR
-Since the content of \pdfliteral is not interpreted anyhow, any
-transformation inserted directly into the content stream, as well as saving
-and restoring the current transformation matrix, remains unnoticed by
-\PDFTEX\ positioning mechanism. As a consequence, links and other annotations
-(that are formed in \PDF\ as different layer then the page content) are not
-affected by such user-defined transformations. \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 solves this
-problem with three new primitives.
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfsetmatrix}}
-\bookmark{\pdfsetmatrix}
-================= ERROR
-Afine transformations are normally expressed with six numbers. First
-four (no unit) values defining scaling, rotating and skewing, plus two
-extra dimensions for shifting. Since the translation is handled by \TeX\
-itself, \pdfsetmatrix primitive expects as an argument a string
-containing just the first four numbers of the transformation separated
-by a space and assumes two position coordinates to be~0. In example,
-\type{\pdfsetmatrix{0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87}} rotates the current space by 30
-degrees, inserting \type{0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87 0 0 cm} into the content
-stream. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfsave}}
-\bookmark{\pdfsave}
-================= ERROR
-The command saves the current transformation by inserting \type{q}
-operator into the content stream. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfrestore}}
-\bookmark{\pdfrestore}
-================= ERROR
-The command restores previously saved transformation by inserting \type{Q}
-operator into the content stream. One should keep in mind that \pdfsave
-and \pdfrestore pairs should always be properly nested and should start
-and end at the same group level. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Macro programming}
-================= ERROR
-Expansion-related.
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\expanded <tokens>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\expanded}
-================= ERROR
-Expands <tokens> in exactly the same way as \type{\message}.
-In contrast to \type{\edef}, macro parameter characters do not need to
-be doubled. \type{\protected} macros are not expanded.
-\introduced{1.40.20}
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\ifincsname (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\ifincsname}
-================= ERROR
-This conditional is true if evaluated inside \type{\csname ... \endcsname},
-and false otherwise.
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\ifpdfprimitive <control sequence>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\ifpdfprimitive}
-================= ERROR
-This condition checks if the following control sequence has its
-primitive meaning. If it has, \type{\ifpdfprimitive} returns true. In
-any other case (redefined, made \type{\undefined}, has never been
-primitive) false is returned. \introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-flapping\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\partokencontext <number>}}
-\bookmark{\partokencontext}
-================= ERROR
-The {\em par-token} (i.e., the token with the name given by
-\type{\partokenname}, or \type{\par} by default; see
-\type{\partokenname}, next) is inserted into the input stream in
-different places, according to the \type{\partokencontext} value. This
-value can be:
-================= ERROR
-0: {\em par-token} is inserted at empty lines (more exactly, when a
- token category~5 is seen in state~$N$, reading a line); before
- \type{\end}, \type{\vskip}, \type{\hrule}, \type{\unvbox}, and
- \type{\halign}, if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode when those commands
- are seen; and in various error recovery situations. These are the
- standard cases, and this is the default value.
-================= ERROR
-1: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
- \type{\vbox}, \type{\vtop}, and \type{\vcenter}, if \TeX{} is in
- horizontal mode at the time.
-================= ERROR
-2: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
- \type{\insert}, \type{\vadjust}, \type{\output}, \type{\noalign}, and
- items of \type{\valign}, again if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode at the
- time.
-================= ERROR
-With the default \type{\partokencontext=0}, \TEX\ behaves in its normal
-way: the situations in cases 1 and 2 are processed by a direct call of
-{\em end-paragraph} routine, with no emitted {\em par-token}.
-================= ERROR
-If \type{\partokencontext=1} then \TeX\ inserts the {\em par-token} in
-additional cases: when vertical boxes are completed but horizontal mode
-is not finished. Since vboxes are not uncommonly inserted directly by
-users, with horizontal mode material, this allows macro programmers to
-control all such boxes being finished by a {\em par-token}. An example:
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-\partokenname\_mypar
-\partokencontext=1
-\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
-\vbox{Vbox text.}
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-This will output ``\type{Hi there!''}\ after ``\type{Vbox text.}''.
-================= ERROR
-Finally, with \type{\partokencontext=2}, all cases where classical \TeX\
-uses the direct {\em end-paragraph} routine are changed to emit the {\em
-par-token} instead. In contrast to case~1, these commands are rarely
-invoked directly by users with horizontal mode material.
-================= ERROR
-The setting of the register \type{\partokencontext} is local.
-\introduced{1.40.24}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\partokenname <control sequence>}}
-\bookmark{\partokenname}
-================= ERROR
-\TeX{} internally inserts a control sequence, named \type{\par} by
-default, into the input stream at empty lines, the end of vboxes, and
-various other places (see \type{\partokencontext}, above). Let's call this
-control sequence the {\em par-token}.
-================= ERROR
-Executing \type{\partokenname}<control-sequence> changes the
-name of the {\em par-token} from \type{\par} to the given
-<control-sequence>. The setting performed by
-\type{\partokenname} is global.
-================= ERROR
-This makes it possible to release the name \type{\par} to the ``user's
-name space'', i.e., after \type{\partokenname}, users can define and use
-\type{\par} as they wish without changing the behavior of anything
-internal to \TeX{}. For example:
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-\catcode`\_=11
-\partokenname\_mypar % use \_mypar at user level
-\let\_mypar=\par % make \_mypar equivalent to built-in \par
-\def\par{some random text} % redefine \par
-Hello world.
-================= ERROR
-Goodbye.
-\end
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-This will not output ``\type{some random text}'' (the definition of
-\type{\par}), due to the \type{\partokenname} setting.
-================= ERROR
-By default, the meaning of the {\em par-token} is to end a paragraph
-(also named as \type{\endgraf} in the plain \TEX\ format). It can be
-changed as usual with, for example, \type{\def}. Naturally, it is the
-control sequence name given to \type{\partokenname} that must be
-redefined. Continuing the previous example (prior to the \type{\end}):
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
-Paragraph one.
-================= ERROR
-Paragraph two.\let\_mypar=\endgraf
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-This will output ``\type{Hi there!''}\ after ``\type{Paragraph one.}'',
-before ending the paragraph.
-================= ERROR
-Another behavior of the {\em par-token} built into \TEX\ is that macros
-not defined as \type{\long} cause the error ``runaway argument'' if the
-{\em par-token} is scanned as a parameter. After
-\type{\setpartokenname}, it will be the new control sequence name that
-triggers this error, not \type{\par}. For example (still continuing the
-same example):
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-\def\amac#1{}
-\amac{long test, no error: \par}
-\amac{long test, gives error: \_mypar}
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-\introduced{1.40.24}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfprimitive <control sequence>}}
-\bookmark{\pdfprimitive}
-================= ERROR
-This command executes the primitive meaning of the following control
-sequence, regardless of whether the control sequence has been redefined
-or made undefined. If the primitive was expandable, \type{\pdfprimitive}
-expands also. On the other hand, if the following control sequence never
-was a primitive, nothing happens and no error is raised. (In some
-versions of \PDFTEX\ prior to 1.40.19, an error was wrongly given.)
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-================= ERROR
-%***********************************************************************
-================= ERROR
-\subsection{Typesetting}
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfinsertht <integer>
- (expandable)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfinsertht}
-================= ERROR
-If <integer> is the number of an insertion class, this command
-returns the height of the corresponding box at the current time.
-For instance, the following returns \type{12pt} in plain \TEX:
-================= ERROR
-\starttyping
-Abc\footnote*{Whatever.}\par
-\pdfinsertht\footins
-\stoptyping
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdflastxpos (read-only integer)}}
-\bookmark{\pdflastxpos}
-================= ERROR
-This primitive returns an integer number representing the absolute $x$
-coordinate of the last point marked by \type{\pdfsavepos}. The unit is
-`scaled points' (sp).
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdflastypos (read-only integer)}}
-\bookmark{\pdflastypos}
-================= ERROR
-Completely analogous to \type{\pdflastxpos}, returning the $y$ coordinate.
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\pdfsavepos (h, v, m)}}
-\bookmark{\pdfsavepos}
-================= ERROR
-This primitive marks the current absolute ($x,y$) position on the
-media, with the reference point in the lower left corner. It is active
-only during page shipout, when the page is finally assembled. The
-position coordinates can then be retrieved by the \type{\pdflastxpos}
-and \type{\pdflastypos} primitives, and \eg\ written out to some
-auxiliary file. The coordinates can be used only after the current
-\type{\shipout} has been finalized, therefore normally two \PDFTEX\
-runs are required to utilize these primitives. Starting with
-\PDFTEX\ 1.40.0, this mechanism can be used also while running
-in \DVI\ mode.
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\quitvmode}}
-\bookmark{\quitvmode}
-================= ERROR
-The primitive instructs \PDFTEX\ to quit vertical mode and start
-typesetting a paragraph. Thus, \type{\quitvmode} has the same basic
-effect as the \type{\leavevmode} macro from \type{plain.tex}. However,
-\type{\leavevmode} expands the \type{\everypar} tokens list, which may
-or may not be desired. \type{\quitvmode} does not expand
-\type{\everypar}. \introduced{1.21a}
-================= ERROR
-================= ERROR
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\vadjust
- [<pre spec>]
- <filler>
- { <vertical mode material> }
- (h, m)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-t.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-t.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 64cb46f9d9a..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex-t.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5692 +0,0 @@
-% interface=english modes=letter,screen output=pdftex
-% vim: tw=79
-
-% $Id: pdftex-t.tex 905 2023-02-28 01:23:10Z karl $
-
-% The number of lines on the title page depends on exactly
-% what \PDF\ code is generated.
-\setvariables[pdftex][titlepagelines=64]
-
-\setupoutput
- [pdftex]
-
-%D ConTeXt defaults to 1.5; we want to be maximally compatible (and we don't
-%D use any features from 1.4++ anyway, do we?)
-\pdfminorversion=3
-
-%D First we define ourselves some abbreviations, if only to force
-%D consistency and to save typing. We use real small capitals, not pseudo.
-
-\setupsynonyms
- [abbreviation]
- [textstyle=smallcaps,
- style=smallcaps,
- location=left,
- width=broad,
- sample=\POSTSCRIPT]
-
-\setupcapitals
- [title=no]
-
-\def\svnscan $#1 #2 #3 #4-#5-#6 #7${
- \def\rcsrevision{#3}
- \def\rcsyear{#4}
- \def\rcsmonth{#5}
- \def\rcsday{{\count0=#6\relax\the\count0}}
- \def\rcsmonthname{\ifcase\rcsmonth ERROR\or
- January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or
- August\or September\or October\or November\or December\else ERROR\fi}
-}
-
-\svnscan $Id: pdftex-t.tex 905 2023-02-28 01:23:10Z karl $
-
-\def\versplit#1#2#3{#1.#2#3}% 140 -> 1.40
-\def\currentpdftex{\expandafter\versplit\the\pdftexversion.\pdftexrevision}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\def\eTeX{{$\varepsilon$}-\kern-.125em\TeX}
-\def\eg{e.g.}
-\def\Eg{E.g.}
-\def\MDFIVE{MD5} % not oldstyle 5, capital MD
-\def\PDFReference{{\sl PDF Reference}} % PDF with capital letters
-
-\abbreviation [AFM] {afm} {Adobe Font Metrics}
-\abbreviation [BIBTEX] {Bib\TeX} {Handles bibliographies}
-\abbreviation [ASCII] {ascii} {American Standard Code for Information Interchange}
-\abbreviation [CONTEXT] {\ConTeXt} {general purpose macro package}
-\abbreviation [CTAN] {ctan} {global \TEX\ archive server}
-\abbreviation [DVI] {dvi} {native \TEX\ Device Independent file format}
-\abbreviation [ENCTEX] {enc\TeX} {enc\TeX\ extension to \TEX}
-\abbreviation [EPSTOPDF] {epstopdf} {\EPS\ to \PDF\ conversion tool}
-\abbreviation [EPS] {eps} {Encapsulated PostScript}
-\abbreviation [ETEX] {\eTeX} {an extension to \TEX}
-\abbreviation [EXIF] {exif} {Exchangeable Image File format (JPEG file variant)}
-\abbreviation [FPTEX] {fp\TeX} {\WIN\ \WEBC\ distribution}
-\abbreviation [GHOSTSCRIPT] {Ghostscript} {\PS\ and \PDF\ language interpreter}
-\abbreviation [GNU] {gnu} {GNU's Not Unix}
-\abbreviation [HZ] {hz} {Hermann Zapf optimization}
-\abbreviation [ISO] {iso} {International Organization for Standardization}
-\abbreviation [JBIG] {jbig} {Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group}
-\abbreviation [JBIGTWO] {jbig2} {Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group}
-\abbreviation [JFIF] {jfif} {JPEG File Interchange Format}
-\abbreviation [JPEG] {jpeg} {Joint Photographic Experts Group}
-\abbreviation [JPEG] {jpeg} {Joint Photographic Experts Group}
-\abbreviation [LATEX] {\LaTeX} {general purpose macro package}
-\abbreviation [MAC] {Macintosh} {Macintosh hardware platform}
-\abbreviation [MACOSX] {Mac\,OS\,X} {Macintosh operating system version 10+}
-\abbreviation [MACTEX] {Mac\TeX} {\MAC\ \TEXLIVE\ distribution}
-\abbreviation [METAFONT] {\MetaFont} {graphic programming environment, bitmap output}
-\abbreviation [METAPOST] {\MetaPost} {graphic programming environment, vector output}
-\abbreviation [MIKTEX] {MiK\TeX} {\WIN\ distribution}
-\abbreviation [MLTEX] {ml\TeX} {ML\TeX\ extension to \TEX}
-\abbreviation [MPTOPDF] {mptopdf} {\METAPOST\ to \PDF\ conversion tool}
-\abbreviation [MSDOS] {ms-dos} {Microsoft DOS platform (Intel)}
-\abbreviation [PDFETEX] {pdfe\TeX} {\ETEX\ extension supporting \PDF\ output}
-\abbreviation [PDFLATEX] {pdf\LaTeX} {\LATEX\ format using \PDFTEX, producing \PDF}
-\abbreviation [PDFTEX] {pdf\TeX} {\TEX\ extension supporting \PDF\ output}
-\abbreviation [PDF] {pdf} {Portable Document Format}
-\abbreviation [PDFA] {pdf/\kern-.16em a} {PDF A/ standards}
-\abbreviation [PERL] {Perl} {Perl programming environment}
-\abbreviation [PFA] {PFA} {Adobe PostScript Font format (ASCII)}
-\abbreviation [PFB] {PFB} {Adobe PostScript Font format (Binary)}
-\abbreviation [PK] {pk} {Packed bitmap font}
-\abbreviation [PNG] {png} {Portable Network Graphics}
-\abbreviation [POSIX] {posix} {Portable Operating System Interface}
-\abbreviation [PROTEXT] {pro\TeX t} {\WIN\ \WEBC\ distribution based on \MIKTEX}
-\abbreviation [PS] {ps} {PostScript}
-\abbreviation [POSTSCRIPT] {PostScript} {PostScript}
-\abbreviation [PSTOPDF] {PStoPDF} {PostScript to \PDF\ converter (on top of \GHOSTSCRIPT)}
-\abbreviation [RGB] {rgb} {Red Green Blue color specification}
-\abbreviation [TCX] {tcx} {\TEX\ Character Translation}
-\abbreviation [TDS] {tds} {\TEX\ Directory Standard}
-\abbreviation [TEXEXEC] {\TeX exec} {\CONTEXT\ command line interface}
-\abbreviation [TEXINFO] {Texinfo} {\GNU\ documentation format}
-\abbreviation [TEXUTIL] {\TeX util} {\CONTEXT\ utility tool}
-\abbreviation [TEX] {\TeX} {typographic language and program}
-\abbreviation [TEXLIVE] {\TeX\ Live} {\TeX\ Live distribution (cross-platform)}
-\abbreviation [TFM] {tfm} {\TEX\ Font Metrics}
-\abbreviation [TIF] {tiff} {Tagged Interchange File format}
-\abbreviation [TUG] {tug} {\TEX\ Users Group}
-\abbreviation [UNIX] {Unix} {Unix platform}
-\abbreviation [URL] {url} {Uniform Resource Locator}
-\abbreviation [WEBC] {Web2c} {Implementation framework for \TEX\ and friends}
-\abbreviation [WEB] {web} {literate programming environment}
-\abbreviation [WIN] {Windows} {Microsoft Windows platform}
-
-%D It makes sense to predefine the name of the author of \PDFTEX, doesn't it?
-
-\def\THANH{H\`an Th\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}} Th\`anh}
-
-%D Because they are subjected to change and tend to spoil the visual
-%D appearance of the \TEX\ source, \URL's are defined here.
-
-\useURL [ptex_org] [http://www.pdftex.org] % links to ptex_examples
-\useURL [ptex_ctan] [https://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex]
-\useURL [ptex_devel] [svn://tug.org/pdftex/branches/stable]
-
-% where bug reports should go:
-\useURL [ptex_bugs] [mailto:pdftex@tug.org] [] [pdftex@tug.org]
-\useURL [ptex_listinfo] [https://lists.tug.org/pdftex]
-
-\useURL [etex_ctan] [https://ctan.org/pkg/etex]
-\useURL [kpathsea] [https://tug.org/kpathsea]
-\useURL [texlive] [https://tug.org/texlive]
-\useURL [web2c] [https://tug.org/web2c]
-\useURL [ctan_systems] [http://mirror.ctan.org/systems]
-\useURL [win32] [http://mirror.ctan.org/systems/win32]
-\useURL [context] [http://www.pragma-ade.com]
-\useURL [tex_showcase] [https://tug.org/texshowcase]
-
-\useURL [pdfreference] [https://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference.html]
-\useURL [thanh_truetype_tub] [https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb30-1/tb94thanh.pdf]
-\useURL [jbig2enc] [https://github.com/agl/jbig2enc]
-
-% keep next 2 lines as temporary kludge for a while to make \type{} of
-% older ConTeXt versions handle these two new primitives; the original
-% problem with \type{} is already solved in ConTeXt as of 2006-02-14.
-\let\ifpdfabsnum\relax
-\let\ifpdfabsdim\relax
-
-\def\Syntax #1{\strut\kern-.25em{#1}\kern-.25em\relax}
-\def\Next {\crlf\hbox to 2em{}\nobreak}
-\def\Sugar #1{\unskip\unskip\unskip\kern.25em{#1}\kern.25em
- \penalty0 \ignorespaces} % allow break
-%
-\def\Lbrace {\Sugar{\tttf\leftargument}}
-\def\Literal #1{\Sugar{\type{#1}}}
-\def\Means {\Sugar{\mathematics{\rightarrow}}}
-\def\Modelist #1{\Sugar{\mathematics{(\hbox{#1})}}}
-\def\Optional #1{\Sugar{\mathematics{[\hbox{#1}]}}}
-\def\Or {\Sugar{\mathematics{\vert}}}
-\def\Rbrace {\Sugar{\tttf\rightargument}}
-\def\Tex #1{\Sugar{\type{#1}}}
-\def\Whatever #1{\Sugar{\kern.75em\mathematics{(\hbox{#1})}}} % parens
- % a full quad before, more of a separator on
- % syntax lines.
-
-% hyphenates, angle brackets
-\def\Something#1{\Sugar{\mathematics{\langle}\prewordbreak
- {#1}\prewordbreak\mathematics{\rangle}}}
-%
-% undoes the .25em spacing of \Sugar, letting before and after spaces in
-% the input stand.
-\def\Somethingtext#1{\Syntax{\Something{#1}}}
-
-\hbadness=10000 % don't care
-
-% Break after these chars in urls, not before.
-\sethyphenatedurlafter /
-\sethyphenatedurlafter .
-\sethyphenatedurlafter _
-
-% introduced
-\def\introduced#1{The primitive was introduced in \PDFTEX\ #1.}
-\def\introducedplural#1{The primitives were introduced in \PDFTEX\ #1.}
-
-% to get bookmarks for primitives like \ifpdfprimitive
-\appendtoks\def\tex#1{\string\\#1}\to\simplifiedcommands
-
-%D We typeset the \URL's in a monospaced font.
-
-\setupurl
- [style=type]
-
-%D The basic layout is pretty simple. Because we want non european readers to
-%D read the whole text as well, a letter size based alternative is offered
-%D too. Mode switching is taken care of at the command line when running
-%D \TEXEXEC.
-
-\startmode[letter]
-
- \setuppapersize
- [letter][letter]
-
-\stopmode
-
-\setuplayout
- [topspace=1.5cm,
- backspace=2.5cm,
- leftmargin=2.5cm,
- width=middle,
- footer=1.5cm,
- header=1.5cm,
- height=middle]
-
-%D For the moment we use the description mechanism to typeset keywords etc.
-%D Well, I should have used capitals.
-
-\definedescription
- [description]
- [location=serried,
- width=broad]
-
-\definedescription
- [PathDescription]
- [location=left,
- sample=TEXPSHEADERS,
- width=broad,
- headstyle=type]
-
-\definehead
- [pdftexprimitive]
- [subsubsection]
-
-\setuphead
- [pdftexprimitive]
- [style=,
- before=\blank,
- after=\blank,
- numbercommand=\SubSub]
-
-%D This is typically a document where we want to save pages,
-%D so we don't start any matter (part) on a new page.
-
-\setupsectionblock [frontpart] [page=]
-\setupsectionblock [bodypart] [page=]
-\setupsectionblock [backpart] [page=]
-
-%D The \type{\SubSub} command is rather simple and generates a triangle.
-%D This makes the primitives stand out a bit more.
-
-\def\SubSub#1{\mathematics{\blacktriangleright}}
-
-%D But, for non Lucida users, the next one is more safe:
-
-\def\SubSub#1{\goforwardcharacter}
-
-%D I could have said:
-%D
-%D \starttyping
-%D \setupsection[section-5][previousnumber=no,bodypartconversion=empty]
-%D \setuplabeltext[subsubsection=\mathematics{\blacktriangleright}]
-%D \stoptyping
-%D
-%D but this is less clear.
-
-%D We use white space, but not too much.
-
-\setupwhitespace
- [medium]
-
-\setupblank
- [medium]
-
-%D Verbatim things get a small margin.
-
-\setuptyping
- [margin=standard]
-
-\definetyping
- [esctyping]
-\setuptyping
- [esctyping]
- [margin=standard,option=commands,escape=@]
-
-%D Due to the lots of verbatim we will be a bit more tolerant in breaking
-%D paragraphs into lines.
-
-\setuptolerance
- [verytolerant,stretch]
-
-%D We put the chapter and section numbers in the margin and use bold fonts.
-
-\setupheads
- [alternative=margin]
-
-\setuphead
- [section]
- [style=\bfb]
-
-\setuphead
- [subsection]
- [style=\bfa]
-
-%D The small table of contents is limited to section titles and is fully
-%D interactive.
-
-\setuplist
- [section]
- [criterium=all,
- interaction=all,
- width=2em,
- aligntitle=yes,
- alternative=a]
-
-%D Ah, this manual is in english!
-
-\mainlanguage
- [en]
-
-%D We use Palatino fonts, because they look so well on the screen. The
-%D version generated at \PRAGMA\ uses Optima Nova instead. Both fonts are
-%D designed by Hermann Zapf.
-
-\setupfonthandling [hz] [min=25,max=25,step=5]
-
-\setupalign
- [hz,hanging]
-
-\startnotmode[atpragma]
-
- \setupfontsynonym [Serif] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SerifBold] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SerifSlanted] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SerifItalic] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SerifBoldSlanted] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SerifBoldItalic] [handling=quality]
-
- % We use adobe metrics instead of urw metrics because tetex only
- % ships the former. Beware, these metrics differ!
-
- \loadmapfile[context-base.map]
- \usetypescript [adobekb] [\defaultencoding]
- \usetypescript [palatino][\defaultencoding]
-
- \setupbodyfont
- [palatino,11pt]
-
- \definefontsynonym[TitleFont][SerifBold]
-
-\stopnotmode
-
-\startmode[atpragma]
-
- \usetypescriptfile[type-ghz]
-
- \setupfontsynonym [Sans] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SansBold] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SansSlanted] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SansItalic] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SansBoldSlanted] [handling=quality]
- \setupfontsynonym [SansBoldItalic] [handling=quality]
-
- \definetypeface[optima][ss][sans][optima-nova] [default][encoding=\defaultencoding]
- \definetypeface[optima][tt][mono][latin-modern][default][encoding=\defaultencoding,rscale=1.1]
-
- \setupbodyfont[optima,10pt,ss]
-
- \definefontsynonym[TitleFont][SansBold]
-
-\stopmode
-
-%D This document is mildly interactive. Yes, Thanh's name will end up ok in
-%D the document information data.
-
-\setupinteraction
- [state=start,
- style=normal,
- color=,
- page=yes,
- openaction=firstpage,
- title=pdfTeX users manual,
- author={H\`an Th\^e Th\`anh, Sebastian Rahtz, Hans Hagen, Hartmut Henkel,
- Pawe\l\ Jackowski, Martin Schr\"oder, Karl Berry}]
-
-\setupinteractionscreen % still needed?
-
-\startnotmode[screen]
-
-\setupinteractionscreen
- [option=bookmark]
-
-\stopnotmode
-
-%D Some headers and footers will complete the layout.
-
-\setupheadertexts
- [The pdf\TeX\ user manual]
-
-\setupfootertexts
- [pagenumber]
-
-%D For Tobias Burnus, who loves bookmarks, I've enabled them.
-
-\placebookmarks
- [section,subsection,pdftexprimitive]
-
-%D Let's also define a screen layout:
-
-\startmode[screen] \environment pdftex-i \stopmode
-
-%D We auto-cross link the paper and screen version:
-
-\startnotmode[screen]
-
-%\coupledocument
-% [screenversion]
-% [pdftex-s]
-% [section,subsection,subsubsection,pdftexprimitive]
-% [the screen version]
-
-\setuphead
- [section,subsection,subsubsection,pdftexprimitive]
- [file=screenversion]
-
-\setuplist
- [section]
- [alternative=c]
-
-\stopnotmode
-
-%D The text starts here!
-
-\starttext
-
-%D Being lazy, I don't split the file, so paper and screen get
-%D mixed in one document.
-
-\startmode[screen] \getbuffer[screen] \stopmode
-
-\startnotmode[screen]
-
-%D But first we typeset the title page. It has a background. This
-%D background, showing a piece of \PDF\ code, will be referred to
-%D later on.
-
-%D We can use more modern \CONTEXT\ features, but for the moment
-%D stick to the old style and methods.
-
-\NormalizeFontWidth
- \TitleFont
- {\hskip.5mm The pdf\TeX\ user manual} % \hskip is fake offset
- \paperheight
- {TitleFont}
-
-\setupbackgrounds
- [page]
- [background={title,joke,names,content}]
-
-\defineoverlay
- [title]
- [\hbox to \paperwidth
- {\hfill
- \TitleFont\setstrut
- \rotate{The pdf\TeX\ user manual}%
- \hskip.5cm}] % \dp\strutbox}]
-
-% \defineoverlay
-% [joke]
-% [\hbox to \paperwidth
-% {\TitleFont\setstrut
-% \dimen0=\overlaywidth
-% \advance\dimen0 by -\ht\strutbox
-% \advance\dimen0 by -\dp\strutbox
-% \advance\dimen0 by -1cm
-% \dimen2=\overlayheight
-% \advance\dimen2 by -1cm
-% \hskip.5cm\expanded{\externalfigure
-% [pdftex-z.pdf]
-% [width=\the\dimen0,height=\the\dimen2]}%
-% \hfill}]
-
-% \defineoverlay
-% [names]
-% [\vbox to \paperheight
-% {\dontcomplain
-% \TitleFont\setstrut
-% \setbox0=\hbox{\TeX}%
-% \hsize\paperwidth
-% \rightskip\ht0
-% \advance\rightskip\dp\strutbox
-% \advance\rightskip\dp\strutbox
-% \bfa \setupinterlinespace
-% \vfill
-% \hfill \THANH \endgraf
-% \hfill Sebastian Rahtz \endgraf
-% \hfill Hans Hagen
-% \hfill Hartmut Henkel
-% \hfill Pawe\l\ Jackowski
-% \vskip 1ex
-% \hfill \currentdate
-% \vskip 2ex}]
-
-\defineoverlay
- [content]
- [\overlaybutton{contents}]
-
-% title page
-
-\definelayout
- [titlepage]
- [backspace=.5cm,
- cutspace=3.5cm,
- topspace=.5cm,
- bottomspace=.5cm,
- header=0pt,
- footer=0pt,
- lines=\getvariable{pdftex}{titlepagelines},
- grid=yes,
- width=middle]
-
-\definecolumnset
- [titlepage]
- [n=2,distance=0.2cm]
-
-\start
-
- \chardef\fontdigits=2
- \switchtobodyfont[10pt,tt]
- \setupinterlinespace
- [line=\dimexpr((\paperheight-1cm)/\getvariable{pdftex}{titlepagelines})]
- \setuptyping[margin=,color=]
- \setuplayout[titlepage]
-
- \startcolumnset[titlepage]
- \typefile{pdftex-w.txt}
- \stopcolumnset
-
- \page
- \setuplayout
-
-\stop
-
-% \startstandardmakeup
-%
-% %D The titlepage is generated using the background overlay mechanism. This
-% %D saves me the trouble of determining funny skips and alignments. So no text
-% %D goes here.
-%
-% \stopstandardmakeup
-
-\setupbackgrounds
- [page]
- [background=]
-
-%D The inside title page is as follows.
-
-\startstandardmakeup[footerstate=none]
-
- \dontcomplain
-
- \setupalign[left]
-
- \start
-
- \bfd The pdf\TeX\ user manual
-
- \bfa \setupinterlinespace
-
- \vskip4ex
-
- \THANH\par
- Sebastian Rahtz\par
- Hans Hagen\par
- Hartmut Henkel\par
- Pawe\l\ Jackowski\par
- Martin Schr\"oder\par
- Karl Berry\par
-
- \vskip3ex
-
- \rcsmonthname\ \rcsday, \rcsyear\par
- \vskip1ex
- Rev.\ \rcsrevision
-
- \stop
-
- \vfill
-
- \startlines
- The title page is the result of
- this plain \TeX\ text:
- \stoplines
-
- \blank[2*big] \setuptyping[after=]
-
- \starttyping
- \pdfoutput=1
- \pdfcompresslevel=0
- \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
- \pdfmapline{ptmr8r Times-Roman 2 <8r.enc}
- \font\tenrm=ptmr8r
- \tenrm
- Welcome to pdf\TeX!
- \end
- \stoptyping
-
-\stopstandardmakeup
-
-\setuppagenumber[number=1] % added in case of single sided usage
-
-%D So far for non screen mode.
-
-\stopnotmode
-
-%D We start with a small table of contents, typeset in double column format.
-
-\startfrontmatter
-
-\subject[contents]{Contents}
-
-\startcolumns[distance=3em]
- \placelist[section]
-\stopcolumns
-
-\stopfrontmatter
-
-%D And here it is: the main piece of text.
-
-\startbodymatter
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-The main purpose of the \PDFTEX\ project is to create and maintain
-an extension of \TEX\ that can produce \PDF\ directly from \TEX\
-source files and improve|/|enhance the result of \TEX\ typesetting
-with the help of \PDF. When \PDF\ output is not selected, \PDFTEX\
-produces standard \DVI\ output, otherwise it generates \PDF\ output
-that looks identical to the \DVI\ output. An important aspect of this
-project is to investigate alternative justification algorithms (\eg\
-a font expansion algorithm akin to the \HZ\ micro||typography algorithm by
-Prof.~Hermann Zapf).
-
-\PDFTEX\ is based on the original \TEX\ sources and \WEBC, and has been
-successfully compiled on \UNIX, \WIN\ and \MSDOS\ systems. It is
-actively maintained, with new features trickling in. Great care is taken
-to keep new \PDFTEX\ versions backward compatible with earlier ones.
-
-A \quote {conservative} successor to \TEX, named \ETEX, was developed
-in the 1990s. Since \PDFTEX\ version 1.40, the \ETEX\ extensions are
-always part of the \PDFTEX\ engine, so \type{pdfetex} is now simply a
-link to \type{pdftex}; they have identical behavior. For documentation
-on the \ETEX\ extensions, see \from[etex_ctan].
-
-Furthermore, \PDFTEX\ itself has acquired plenty of extensions over the
-years which are not related specifically to \PDF\ output, generally new
-primitives for various features that are inconvenient or impossible to
-implement at the \TEX\ level. Many of these extensions have been adopted
-across all engines (not necessarily by the same name), and some are or
-will be required by \LATEX. Therefore, \type{etex} is also a link to
-\type{pdftex}, the difference being only whether \DVI\ or \PDF\ output
-is generated by default.
-
-Other extensions are \MLTEX\ and \ENCTEX; these are also included in the
-current \PDFTEX\ code, although are little used for new documents.
-
-\PDFTEX\ is maintained by \THANH\ and others. The
-\PDFTEX\ homepage is \from [ptex_org]. Please send \PDFTEX\ comments and
-bug reports to the mailing list \from [ptex_bugs] (\from [ptex_listinfo]).
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{About this manual}
-
-This manual revision (\rcsrevision) is intended to cover
-\PDFTEX\ development up to version \currentpdftex. The primary
-repository for the manual and its sources is at \from[ptex_devel].
-Copies in \PDF\ format can also be found on \CTAN\ via \from[ptex_ctan].
-
-Thanks to the many people who have contributed to the manual.
-Improvements are always possible, and bugs not unlikely.
-Please send questions or suggestions by email to \from[ptex_bugs].
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Legal Notice}
-
-Copyright \copyright\ 1996||2022 \THANH.
-Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
-under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
-or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
-with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
-A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
-Free Documentation License''.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{About \PDF}
-
-The cover of this manual lists an almost minimal \PDF\ file generated by
-\PDFTEX, from the corresponding source on the next page. Since
-compression is not enabled, such a \PDF\ file is rather verbose and
-readable. The first line specifies the version used. \PDF\ viewers are
-supposed to silently skip over all elements they cannot handle.
-
-A \PDF\ file consists of objects. These objects can be recognized by their
-number and keywords:
-
-\starttyping
-9 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 5 0 R >> endobj
-\stoptyping
-
-Here \typ{9 0 obj ... endobj} is the object capsule. The first number
-is the object number. The sequence \type{5 0 R} is an object reference,
-a pointer to another object (no.~5). The second number (here a zero)
-is currently not used in \PDFTEX; it is the version number of the
-object. It is for instance used by \PDF\ editors, when they replace
-objects by new ones.
-
-When a viewer opens a \PDF\ file, it goes to the end of the file,
-looking for the keyword \type{startxref}. The number after
-\type{startxref} gives the absolute position (byte offset from the file
-start) of the so||called \quote {object cross-reference table} that
-begins with the keyword \type{xref}. This table in turn tells the byte
-offsets of all objects that make up the \PDF\ file, providing fast
-random access to the individual objects (here the \type{xref} table
-shows 11~objects, numbered from~0 to~10; the object no.~0 is always
-unused). The actual starting point of the file's object structure is
-defined after the \type{trailer}: the \type{/Root} entry points to the
-\type{/Catalog} object (no.~9). In this object the viewer can find the
-pointer \type{/Pages} to the page list object (no.~5). In our example we
-have only one page. The trailer also usually holds an \type{/Info}
-entry, which points to an object (no.~10) with a bit more about the
-document. We can follow the thread:
-
-\startnarrower
-\type{/Root} $\longrightarrow$ object~9 $\longrightarrow$
-\type{/Pages} $\longrightarrow$ object~5 $\longrightarrow$
-\type{/Kids} $\longrightarrow$ object~2 $\longrightarrow$
-\type{/Contents} $\longrightarrow$ object~3
-\stopnarrower
-
-As soon as we add annotations, a fancy word for hyperlinks and the like,
-some more entries will be present in the catalog. We invite users to
-take a look at the \PDF\ code of this file to get an impression of that.
-
-The page content is a stream of drawing operations. Such a stream
-can be compressed, where the level of compression can be set with
-\type{\pdfcompresslevel} (compression is switched off for the title
-page). Let's take a closer look at this stream in object~3. Often
-(but not in our example) there is a transformation matrix, six numbers
-followed by \type{cm}. As in \POSTSCRIPT, the operator comes after the
-operands. Between \type{BT} and \type{ET} comes the text. A font is
-selected by a \type{Tf} operator, which is given a font resource name
-\type{/F..} and the font size. The actual text goes into \type{()}
-bracket pairs so that it creates a \POSTSCRIPT\ string. The numbers
-in bracket pairs provide horizontal movements like spaces and
-fine glyph positioning (kerning). When one analyzes a file produced by
-a less sophisticated typesetting engine, whole sequences of words can
-be recognized. In \PDF\ files generated by \PDFTEX\ however, many words
-come out rather fragmented, mainly because a lot of kerning takes place;
-in our example the \type{80} moves the text \type{(elcome)} left towards
-the letter \type{(W)} by 80/1000 of the font size. \PDF\ viewers in search
-mode simply ignore the kerning information in these text streams. When
-a document is searched, the search engine reconstructs the text from these
-(string) snippets.
-
-Every \type{/Page} object points also to a \type{/Resources} object
-(no.~1) that gives all ingredients needed to assemble the page. In our
-example only a \type{/Font} object (no.~4) is referenced, which in turn
-tells that the text is typeset in \type{/Font} \type{/Times-Roman}. The
-\type{/Font} object points also to a \type{/Widths} array (object no.~7)
-that tells for each character by how much the viewer must move forward
-horizontally after typesetting a glyph.
-
-More details about the font can be found in the \type{/FontDescriptor}
-object (no.~8); if a font file is embedded, this object points to the
-font program stream. But as the Times-Roman font used for our example is
-one of the 14 so||called standard fonts that should always be present in
-any \PDF\ viewer and therefore need not be embedded in the \PDF\ file,
-it is left out here for brevity. However, when we use for instance a
-Computer Modern Roman font, we have to make sure that this font is later
-available to the \PDF\ viewer, and the best way to do this is to embed
-the font. It's highly recommended nowadays to embed even the standard
-fonts; you can't know how it looks exactly at the viewer side unless you
-embed every font.
-
-In this simple file we don't specify in what way the file should be opened,
-for instance full screen or clipped. A closer look at the page object no.~2
-(\typ{/Type /Page}) shows that a mediabox (\typ{/MediaBox}) is part of the
-page description. A mediabox acts like the (high-resolution) bounding box
-in a \POSTSCRIPT\ file. \PDFTEX\ users can add dictionary entries to page
-objects with the \type{\pdfpageattr} primitive.
-
-Although in most cases macro packages will shield users from these
-internals, \PDFTEX\ provides access to many of the entries described
-here, either automatically by translating the \TEX\ data structures into
-\PDF\ ones, or manually by pushing entries to the catalog, page, info or
-self-created objects. One can for instance create an object by using
-\type{\pdfobj}, after which \type{\pdflastobj} returns its number. So
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfobj{<< /Type/ExtGState /LW 2 >>}
-\stoptyping
-
-inserts an object into the \PDF\ file (it creates a ``graphics state''
-object setting the line width to 2~units), and \type{\pdflastobj} now
-returns the number \PDFTEX\ assigned to this object. Unless objects are
-referenced by others, they will just end up as isolated entities, not
-doing any real harm but bloating the \PDF\ file.
-
-In general this rather direct way of pushing objects in the \PDF\ files
-by primitives like \type{\pdfobj} is not very useful, and only makes
-sense when implementing, say, fill||in field support or annotation
-content reuse. We will come to that later.
-
-Of course, this is just the barest introduction to \PDF\ format. For
-those who want to learn more about the gory \PDF\ details, the best bet
-is to read the \PDFReference. You can download this book as a big \PDF\
-file from Adobe's \PDF\ Technology Center, \from[pdfreference] --- or
-get the heavy paper version.
-
-We now turn to specifics of \PDFTEX.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Invoking \PDFTEX}
-
-\PDFTEX\ has many command line options. Except for the simple and
-rarely-used \type{-draftmode} and \type{-output-format} options, they
-are all inherited from the common framework for \TeX\ engines as
-implemented in \WEBC\ (its manual is available at \from [web2c]).
-
-The same commonality holds for environment variables; see the section
-``Setting search paths'' above for an overview. Two additional
-environment variables need more description here: first,
-\type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} (introduced in version 1.40.17, 2016). If this
-is set, it must be a positive integer (with one trivial exception: if it
-is set but empty, that is equivalent to 0). Non-integer values cause a
-fatal error. The value is used as the current time in seconds since the
-usual Unix ``epoch'': the beginning of 1970-01-01, UTC. Thus, a value
-of \type{32} would result in a \type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate}
-values of \type{19700101000032Z}. This is useful for reproducible
-builds of documents. (See also \type{\pdfinfoomitdate},
-\type{\pdfsuppressptexinfo}, et al.)
-
-The second, related, environment variable is \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE}.
-If this is set to~\type{1}, \TEX's time-related primitives are also
-initialized from the value of \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}. These primitives
-are \type{\year}, \type{\month}, \type{\day}, and \type{\time}. If
-\type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} is not set, setting \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE}
-has no effect. If \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} is unset, set to the empty
-string, or set to~\type{0}, the primitives reflect the current time as
-usual. Any other value elicits a warning, and the current time is used.
-This is useful if one wants to make reproducible \PDF{}s for a set
-of documents without changing them in any way, e.g., an operating system
-distribution with manuals that use \type{\today}. Except in such unusual
-circumstances, it is better not to set this, and let the \TEX\
-primitives retain the meaning they have always had.
-
-In addition, if both \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and
-\type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} are set, \type{\pdffilemoddate} returns a value
-in UTC, ending in \type{Z}. (The values of the environment variables are
-irrelevant in this case.)
-
-Finally, just to have the list of options and basic invocation at hand,
-here is a verbatim listing of the \type{-}\type{-help} output. All
-options can be specified with one or two dashes and unambiguously
-abbreviated.
-
-\begingroup
-\startnotmode[screen]
- \switchtobodyfont[10pt] % keep line lengths shorter
-\stopnotmode
-
-\typefile{pdftex-help.txt}
-
-\endgroup
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Macro packages supporting \PDFTEX}
-
-As \PDFTEX\ generates the final \PDF\ output without help of
-a postprocessor, macro packages that take care of these \PDF\ features
-have to be set up properly. Typical tasks are handling color,
-graphics, hyperlink support, threading, font||inclusion, as well as
-page imposition and manipulation. All these \PDF||specific tasks can be
-controlled by \PDFTEX's own primitives (a few also by a \PDFTEX||specific
-\type{\special{pdf: ...}} primitive). Any other \type{\special{}} commands,
-like the ones defined for various \DVI\ postprocessors, are simply
-ignored by \PDFTEX\ when in \PDF\ output mode; a warning is given only
-for non||empty \type{\special{}} commands.
-
-When a macro package already written for classical \TEX\ with \DVI\ output
-is to be modified for use with \PDFTEX, it is very helpful to get some
-insight to what extent \PDFTEX||specific support is needed. This info can
-be gathered \eg\ by outputting the various \type{\special} commands
-as \type{\message}. Simply type
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfoutput=1 \let\special\message
-\stoptyping
-
-or, if this leads to confusion,
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfoutput=1 \def\special#1{\write16{special: #1}}
-\stoptyping
-
-and see what happens. As soon as one \quote {special} message turns up, one
-knows for sure that some kind of \PDFTEX\ specific support is needed, and
-often the message itself gives a indication of what is needed.
-
-Currently all mainstream macro packages offer \PDFTEX\ support, with
-automatic detection of \PDFTEX\ as engine. So there is normally no need
-to turn on \PDFTEX\ support explicitly.
-
-\startitemize
-
-\item For \LATEX\ users, Sebastian Rahtz and Heiko Oberdiek's \type
- {hyperref} package has substantial support for \PDFTEX\ and
- provides access to most of its features. In the simplest and
- most common case, the user merely needs to load \type{hyperref},
- and all cross||references will be converted to \PDF\ hypertext
- links. \PDF\ output is automatically selected, compression is
- turned on, and the page size is set up correctly. Bookmarks are
- created to match the table of contents.
-
-\item The standard \LATEX\ \type{graphics}, \type{graphicx}, and
- \type{color} packages also have automatic \pdfTeX\ support, which
- allow use of color, text rotation, and graphics inclusion commands.
-
-\item The \CONTEXT\ macro package by Hans Hagen has very full support
- for \PDFTEX\ in its generalized hypertext features. Support for
- \PDFTEX\ is implemented as a special driver, and is invoked by
- typing \type{\setupoutput[pdftex]} or feeding \TEXEXEC\ with the
- \hbox{\tt -{}-pdf} option.
-
-\item \PDF\ from \TEXINFO\ documents can be created by running \PDFTEX\ on
- the \TEXINFO\ file, instead of \TEX. Alternatively, run the shell
- command \type{texi2pdf} instead of \type{texi2dvi}.
-
-\item A small modification of \filename {webmac.tex}, called \filename
- {pdfwebmac.tex}, allows production of hyperlinked \PDF\ versions
- of the program code written in \WEB.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-Some nice samples of \PDFTEX\ output can be found at
-\from[ptex_org], \from[context], and \from[tex_showcase].
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Setting up fonts}
-
-\PDFTEX\ can work with Type~1 and TrueType fonts (and to some extent
-also with OpenType fonts). Font files should be available and embedded
-for all fonts used in the generated \PDF. It is possible to use
-\METAFONT||generated fonts in \PDFTEX\ --- but it is strongly
-recommended not to use these fonts if an equivalent is available in
-Type~1 or TrueType format, if only because bitmap Type~3 fonts render
-poorly under enlargement.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection[mapfile]{Map files}
-
-Font map files provide the connection between \TEX\ \TFM\ font files
-and outline font file names. They contain also information about
-re||encoding arrays, partial font embedding (``subsetting''), and
-character transformation parameters (like SlantFont and ExtendFont). Those
-map files were first created for \DVI\ postprocessors. But, as \PDFTEX\
-in \PDF\ output mode includes all \PDF\ processing steps, it also needs
-to know about font mapping, and therefore reads in one or more map files.
-Map files are not read in when \PDFTEX\ is in \DVI\ mode. Bitmap fonts
-can (and normally should) be used without being listed in the map file.
-
-By default, \PDFTEX\ reads the map file \filename{pdftex.map}. In \WEBC,
-map files are searched for using the \type{TEXFONTMAPS} config file value
-and environment variable. By default, the current directory and various
-system directories are searched.
-
-Within the map file, each font is listed on a single line. The syntax of
-each line is upward||compatible with \type{dvips} map files and can contain
-the following fields (some are optional; explanations follow):
-
-\startnarrower
-{\em tfmname psname fontflags special encodingfile fontfile}
-\stopnarrower
-
-It is mandatory that {\em tfmname} is the first field. If a {\em
-psname} is given, it must be the second field. Similarly if {\em
-fontflags} is given it must be the third field (if {\em psname} is
-present) or the second field (if {\em psname} is left out). The
-positions of {\em special}, {\em encodingfile}, and {\em fontfile} can
-be mixed.
-
-\startdescription {tfmname}
-sets the name of the \TFM\ file for a font --- the file name given in a
-\TEX\ \type{\font} command. This name must always be given.
-
-\stopdescription
-
-\startdescription {psname}
-sets the (\POSTSCRIPT) base font name, which has two uses:
-
-First, when a \PDF\ file is embedded by \type{\pdfximage}, the
-\type{/BaseFont} names in the font dictionaries of Type~1 and Type~1C
-(CFF) fonts from the embedded \PDF\ file are checked against this {\em
-psname} field. If names match, the glyphs of that font will not be
-copied from the embedded \PDF\ file, but instead a local font is opened,
-and all needed glyphs will be taken from the Type~1 font file that is
-mentioned in the map line (see {\em fontfile} below). By this collecting
-mechanism Type~1 glyphs can be shared between several embedded \PDF\
-files and with text that is typeset by \PDFTEX, which helps keeping the
-resulting \PDF\ file size small, if many files with similar Type~1(C)
-fonts are embedded. Replacing Type~1 fonts from embedded \PDF\ files
-requires that also a Type~1 font file name is in the {\em fontfile} field
-(see below).
-
-Second, if a font file is not to be embedded into the \PDF\ output
-({\em fontfile} field missing), then the {\em psname} field will be
-copied to the \type{/BaseFont} and \type{/FontName} dictionary entries
-in the \PDF\ file, so that the \POSTSCRIPT\ font name will be known to
-reading applications (\eg\ viewers).
-
-It is highly recommended to use the {\em psname} field, but
-strictly speaking it is optional.
-
-\stopdescription
-
-\startdescription {fontflags}
-optionally specify some characteristics of the font. The following description of
-these flags is taken, with slight modification, from the \PDFReference\
-(the section on font descriptor flags). Viewers can adapt their rendering
-to these flags, especially when they substitute a non-embedded font by
-some own approximation.
-
-\startnarrower
-
-The value of the flags key in a font descriptor is a 32||bit integer that
-contains a collection of boolean attributes. These attributes are true if the
-corresponding bit is set to~1. \in{Table}[flags] specifies the meanings of
-the bits, with bit~1 being the least significant. Reserved bits must be set
-to zero.
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|c|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf bit position \NC \bf semantics \NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC 1 \NC Fixed||width font \NC\NR
-\NC 2 \NC Serif font \NC\NR
-\NC 3 \NC Symbolic font \NC\NR
-\NC 4 \NC Script font \NC\NR
-\NC 5 \NC Reserved \NC\NR
-\NC 6 \NC Uses the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set \NC\NR
-\NC 7 \NC Italic \NC\NR
-\NC 8--16 \NC Reserved \NC\NR
-\NC 17 \NC All||cap font \NC\NR
-\NC 18 \NC Small||cap font \NC\NR
-\NC 19 \NC Force bold at small text sizes \NC\NR
-\NC 20--32 \NC Reserved \NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable
- [here][flags]
- {The meaning of flags in the font descriptor.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-All characters in a {\em fixed||width} font have the same width, while
-characters in a proportional font have different widths. Characters in a {\em
-serif font} have short strokes drawn at an angle on the top and bottom of
-character stems, while sans serif fonts do not have such strokes. A {\em
-symbolic font} contains symbols rather than letters and numbers. Characters
-in a {\em script font} resemble cursive handwriting. An {\em all||cap} font,
-which is typically used for display purposes such as titles or headlines,
-contains no lowercase letters. It differs from a {\em small||cap} font in
-that characters in the latter, while also capital letters, have been sized
-and their proportions adjusted so that they have the same size and stroke
-weight as lowercase characters in the same typeface family.
-
-Bit~6 in the flags field indicates that the font's character set
-conforms to the
-Adobe Standard Roman Character Set, or a subset of that, and that it uses
-the standard names for those characters.
-
-Finally, bit~19 is used to determine whether or not bold characters are
-drawn with extra pixels even at very small text sizes. Typically, when
-characters are drawn at small sizes on very low resolution devices such
-as display screens, features of bold characters may appear only one pixel
-wide. Because this is the minimum feature width on a pixel||based device,
-ordinary non||bold characters also appear with one||pixel wide features,
-and thus cannot be distinguished from bold characters. If bit~19 is set,
-features of bold characters may be thickened at small text sizes.
-
-\stopnarrower
-
-If the {\em fontflags} field is not given, and the font is embedded,
-\PDFTEX\ treats it as the value~4 (decimal, that is, bit position 3 is set),
-a symbolic font. For non-embedded fonts, the default value is
-\type{0x22}, a non-symbolic serif font. If you do not know the correct
-value, it is best not to specify it at all, as specifying a bad value of
-font flags may cause trouble in viewers. On the other hand this option
-is not absolutely useless because it provides backward compatibility
-with older map files (see the {\em fontfile} description below).
-
-\stopdescription
-
-\startdescription {special}
-specifies font manipulations in the same way as
-\type{dvips}. Currently only the keywords \type{SlantFont}
-and \type{ExtendFont} are interpreted, other instructions (notably
-\type{ReEncodeFont} and its parameters, see {\em encoding} below) are
-just ignored. The permitted \type{SlantFont} range is $-$1..1;
-for \type{ExtendFont} it's $-$2..2. The block of {\em special}
-instruction must be enclosed by double quote characters: \type{"}.
-
-\stopdescription
-
-\startdescription {encodingfile} specifies the name of the file
-containing the external encoding vector to be used for the font. The
-encoding file name must have the extension \type{.enc}, and the file
-name including extension must be given with either a preceding~\type{<}
-character or a preceding~\type{<[}. The format of the encoding vector is
-identical to that used by \type{dvips}. If no encoding is specified, the
-font's built||in default encoding is used. The {\em encodingfile} field
-may be omitted if you are sure that the font resource has the correct
-built||in encoding. In general this option is highly recommended, and it
-is {\em required} when subsetting a TrueType font.
-
-Starting with version 1.40.19, an encoding file can also be specified
-for bitmap \PK\ fonts. In this case, it assigns the glyph names from the
-given encoding vector, which can be used with the
-\type{\pdfglyphtounicode} primitive (q.v.). For example:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfglyphtounicode{ffi}{0066 0066 0069} % normally: \input glyphtounicode
-\pdfgentounicode=1
-\pdfmapline{cmb10 <7t.enc}
-\font\cmb=cmb10 \cmb ffi
-\stoptyping
-
-The result is a \PDF\ file with a correctly-labeled \type{/ffi}
-character instead of the numeric character position in the
-\type{cmb10.tfm} (decimal 14).
-
-\stopdescription
-
-\startdescription {fontfile}
-sets the name of the font file to be embedded into the \PDF\ output for a
-given \TeX\ font (the {\em tfmname}~$\leftrightarrow$~{\em fontfile}
-mapping is the most prominent use of the \filename{pdftex.map} file).
-The font file name must belong to a Type~1 or TrueType font file. If
-the {\em fontfile} field is missing, no font embedding can take place;
-in case the {\em psname} field does not contain one of the 14 standard
-font names also a warning will be given. Not embedding a font into a \PDF\
-file might be troublesome, as it requires that the font or some similar
-looking replacement font is available within the \PDF\ viewer, so that
-it can render the glyphs with its own font version.
-
-The font file name should be preceded by one or two special characters,
-specifying how to handle the font file:
-
-\startitemize
-
-\item If the font file name is preceded by a \type{<} character, the
- font file will be only partially embedded in the \PDF\ output
- (``subsetted''), meaning that only used glyphs are written to
- the \PDF\ file. This is the most common use and is {\em strongly
- recommended} for any font, as it ensures the portability and
- reduces the size of the \PDF\ output. Subsetted fonts are included
- in such a way that name and cache clashes are minimized.
-
-\item If the font file name is preceded by a double \type{<<}, the font
- file will be included entirely --- all glyphs of the font are
- embedded, including even those not used in the document. Apart
- from causing large size \PDF\ output, this option may cause
- troubles with TrueType fonts, so it is normally not recommended
- for Type~1 or TrueType fonts. But this is currently the only mode
- that allows the use of OpenType fonts. This mode might also be
- useful in case the font is atypical and cannot be subsetted well
- by \PDFTEX. {\em Beware: proprietary font vendors typically
- forbid full font inclusion.}
-
-\item If no special character precedes the font file name, it is
- ignored, with a warning (this case was deprecated in \PDFTEX\
- version 1.40.0). You achieve exactly the same \PDF\ result if you
- just remove the font file name from the map entry. Then the glyph
- widths that go into the \PDF~file are extracted from the
- \TFM~file, and a font descriptor object is created that contains
- approximations of the font metrics for the selected font.
-
-\item Specifying the {\em psname} and no font file name is only useful
- as a last-ditch fallback when you do not want to embed the font
- (\eg\ due to font license restrictions), but wish to use the font
- metrics and let the \PDF\ viewer generate instances that look
- close to the used font in case the font resource is not installed
- on the system where the \PDF\ output will be viewed or
- printed. To use this feature, the font flags {\em must} be
- specified, and it must have the bit~6 set on, which means that
- only fonts with the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set can be
- simulated. The only exception is the case of a symbolic font,
- which is not very useful.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-If you encounter problematic lookups, for instance if \PDFTEX\ tries
-to open a \type{.pfa} file instead of a \type{.pfb}, you can add
-the suffix to the filename. In this respect, \PDFTEX\ completely relies
-on the \type{kpathsea} library.
-
-\stopdescription
-
-For Type~1 and TrueType fonts, the font file will be included only once
-in the \PDF\ output, regardless of how many \TeX\ \type{\font} instances
-are used in the document. For instance, given
-
-\starttyping
-\font\a = cmr12
-\font\b = cmr12 at 11pt
-\stoptyping
-
-the outline file \type{cmr12.pfb} will only be included once in the
-\PDF, and merely scaled down to create the instance for \type{\b}.
-
-If a used font is not present in the map files, \PDFTEX\ will try to use
-\PK~fonts as most \DVI\ drivers do, creating \PK~fonts on||the||fly if
-needed. This is the normal, and recommended, way to use bitmap fonts.
-
-To summarize this rather confusing story, we include some example map
-lines. The most common way is to embed only a subset of glyphs from a
-font for a particular desired encoding, like this:
-
-\starttyping
-ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb
-\stoptyping
-
-Without re||encoding it looks like this:
-
-\starttyping
-cmr10 CMR10 <cmr10.pfb
-\stoptyping
-
-\type{SlantFont} and \type{ExtendFont} fields are specified as with
-\type{dvips}. \type{SlantFont} and \type{ExtendFont} work only with
-embedded Type~1 fonts:
-
-\starttyping
-psyro StandardSymL ".167 SlantFont" <usyr.pfb
-pcrr8rn Courier ".85 ExtendFont" <8r.enc <pcrr8a.pfb
-\stoptyping
-
-Entirely embed a font into the \PDF\ file without and with re||encoding
-(not typically useful):
-
-\starttyping
-fmvr8x MarVoSym <<marvosym.pfb
-pgsr8r GillSans <8r.enc <<pgsr8a.pfb
-\stoptyping
-
-A TrueType font can be used in the same way as a Type~1 font:
-
-\starttyping
-verdana8r Verdana <8r.enc <verdana.ttf
-\stoptyping
-
-Finally, a few cases with non-embedded fonts. If the fontfile is
-missing, the viewer application will have to use its own approximation
-of the missing font (with and without re||encoding):
-
-\starttyping
-ptmr8r Times-Roman <8r.enc
-psyr Symbol
-\stoptyping
-
-In the next example the numerical font flags give some rough hint what
-general characteristics the GillSans font has, so \eg\ the Adobe Reader
-might try an approximation, if it doesn't have the font resource nor
-any clue how a font named GillSans should look like:
-
-\starttyping
-pgsr8r GillSans 32 <8r.enc
-\stoptyping
-
-Not embedding fonts is rather risky and should generally be avoided.
-The recommendation these days is to embed all fonts, even the 14 standard ones.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Helper tools for TrueType fonts}
-
-As mentioned above, \PDFTEX\ can work with TrueType fonts. Defining
-TrueType fonts is similar to Type~1. The only extra thing to do
-with TrueType is to create a \TFM\ file. There is a program called
-\type{ttf2afm} in the \PDFTEX\ distribution which can be used to
-extract \AFM\ from TrueType fonts (another conversion program is
-\type{ttf2pt1}). Usage of \type{ttf2afm} is simple:
-
-\starttyping
-ttf2afm -e <encoding vector> -o <afm outputfile> <ttf input file>
-\stoptyping
-
-A TrueType file can be recognized by its suffix \filename {ttf}. The optional
-{\em encoding} specifies the encoding, which is the same as the encoding
-vector used in map files for \PDFTEX\ and \type{dvips}. If the encoding is
-not given, all the glyphs of the \AFM\ output will be mapped to \type
-{/.notdef}. \type{ttf2afm} writes the output \AFM\ to standard output. If we
-need to know which glyphs are available in the font, we can run \type
-{ttf2afm} without encoding to get all glyph names. The resulting \AFM\ file
-can be used to generate a \TFM\ one by applying \filename {afm2tfm}.
-
-To use a new TrueType font the minimal steps may look like below. We suppose
-that \filename {test.map} is used.
-
-\starttyping
-ttf2afm -e 8r.enc -o times.afm times.ttf
-afm2tfm times.afm -T 8r.enc
-echo "times TimesNewRomanPSMT <8r.enc <times.ttf" >>test.map
-\stoptyping
-
-There are a few limitations with TrueType fonts in comparison with
-Type~1 fonts:
-
-\startitemize[a,packed]
-\item The special effects SlantFont|/|ExtendFont did not work
- before version 1.40.0.
-\item To subset a TrueType font, the font must be specified as re||encoded,
- therefore an encoding vector must be given.
-\item TrueType fonts coming with embedded \PDF\ files are kept
- untouched; they are not replaced by local ones.
-\stopitemize
-
-For much more about \PDFTEX\ and TrueType fonts, including many details
-on handling glyph names, see ``A closer look at TrueType fonts and
-\PDFTEX'', {\em TUGboat} 30:1 (2009), pp.~32||34, \from[thanh_truetype_tub]
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Formal syntax specification}
-
-This section formally specifies the \PDFTEX-specific extensions to the
-\TEX\ macro programming language. Most primitives are prefixed by
-\type{pdf}. The general definitions and syntax rules follow after the
-list of primitives.
-
-Two new units of measure were introduced in \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0: the
-new Didot (1\,nd~=~0.375\,mm) and the new Cicero (1\,nc~=~12\,nd)
-(the former was proposed by \ISO\ in 1975).
-
-% Generated list of primitives (see Makefile).
-\input pdftex-syntax.tex
-
-\subsubject{General definitions and syntax rules}
-
-\startpacked
-
-%%S NL
-%%S Syntax rules:
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{general text} \Means %
- \Lbrace \Something{balanced text} \Rbrace
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{attr spec} \Means %
- \Literal{attr} \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{resources spec} \Means %
- \Literal{resources} \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{rule spec} \Means %
- (\Literal{width} \Or \Literal{height} \Or \Literal{depth}) %
- \Something{dimen} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
-}
-
-%\Syntax{\Something{object type spec} \Means
-% \Optional{\Literal{stream}
-% \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}} \Something{object contents}}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{object type spec} \Means %
- \Literal{reserveobjnum}
- \Or \Next %
- \Optional{\Literal{useobjnum} \Something{number}} \Next %
- \Optional{\Literal{stream} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}} %
- \Something{object contents}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{annot type spec} \Means %
- \Literal{reserveobjnum}
- \Or \Next %
- \Optional{\Literal{useobjnum} \Something{number}} %
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} %
- \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{object contents} \Means %
- \Something{file spec}
- \Or \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{xform attr spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Optional{\Something{resources spec}}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{image attr spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} %
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} %
- \Optional{\Something{page spec}} %
- \Optional{\Something{colorspace spec}} %
- \Optional{\Something{pdf box spec}}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{outline spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} %
- \Something{action spec} %
- \Optional{\Literal{count} \Something{number}} %
- \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{action spec} \Means %
- \Literal{user} \Something{user-action spec}
- \Or \Literal{goto} \Something{goto-action spec}
- \Or \Next \Literal{thread} \Something{thread-action spec}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{user-action spec} \Means %
- \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{goto-action struct spec} \Means %
- \Literal{struct} (\Something{numid} \Or \Literal{nameid} \Or \Something{general text})
-}
-
-% keep in sync with redundant copy below.
-\Syntax{
-\Something{goto-action spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{numid}
- \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid}
- \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text}
- \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid} \Something{newwindow spec}
- \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text} \Something{newwindow spec}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{thread-action spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Something{numid}
- \Or \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Something{nameid}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{colorspace spec} \Means %
- \Literal{colorspace} \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{pdf box spec} \Means %
- \Literal{mediabox} %
- \Or \Literal{cropbox} %
- \Or \Literal{bleedbox} %
- \Or \Literal{trimbox} %
- \Or \Literal{artbox}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{map spec} \Means %
- \Lbrace \Optional{\Something{map modifier}} %
- \Something{balanced text} \Rbrace
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{map modifier} \Means %
- \Literal{+} \Or \Literal{=} \Or \Literal{-}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{numid} \Means %
- \Literal{num} \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{nameid} \Means %
- \Literal{name} \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{newwindow spec} \Means %
- \Literal{newwindow} \Or \Literal{nonewwindow}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{dest spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Literal{struct} \Something{number}} \\
- (\Something{numid} \Or \Something{nameid})
- \Something{dest type}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{dest type} \Means %
- \Literal{xyz} \Optional{\Literal{zoom} \Something{number}}
- \Or \Literal{fitr} \Something{rule spec}
- \Or \Next \Literal{fitbh}
- \Or \Literal{fitbv}
- \Or \Literal{fitb}
- \Or \Literal{fith}
- \Or \Literal{fitv}
- \Or \Literal{fit}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{thread spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}} %
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} %
- \Something{id spec}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{id spec} \Means %
- \Something{numid} \Or \Something{nameid}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{file spec} \Means %
- \Literal{file} \Something{general text}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{page spec} \Means %
- \Literal{page} \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{expand spec} \Means %
- \Something{stretch} %
- \Something{shrink} %
- \Something{step} %
- \Optional{\Literal{autoexpand}}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{stretch} \Means %
- \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{shrink} \Means %
- \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{step} \Means %
- \Something{number}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{pre spec} \Means %
- \Literal{pre}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{pdfspecial spec} \Means %
- \Lbrace \Optional{\Something{pdfspecial id} %
- \Optional{\Something{pdfspecial modifier}}} %
- \Something{balanced text} \Rbrace
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{pdfspecial id} \Means %
- \Literal{pdf:} \Or \Literal{PDF:}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{pdfspecial modifier} \Means %
- \Literal{direct:}
-}
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{stack action} \Means %
- \Literal{set} \Or \Literal{push} \Or \Literal{pop} \Or \Literal{current}
-}
-
-\stoppacked
-
-A \Something{general text} is expanded immediately, like \type{\special}
-in traditional \TEX, unless explicitly mentioned otherwise.
-
-Some of the object and image related primitives can be prefixed by
-\type{\immediate}. More about that in the next sections.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section[primitives]{\PDFTEX\ primitives}
-
-Here follows a description of the primitives added by \PDFTEX\ to the
-original \TEX\ engine (other extensions by \ETEX, \MLTEX\ and \ENCTEX\
-are not listed). Many of these primitives are described further in the
-\filename {samplepdf.tex} file in the \PDFTEX\ distribution.
-
-If the output is \DVI, then the \PDFTEX-specific dimension parameters
-are not used at all. However, some \PDFTEX\ integer parameters can
-affect \DVI\ as well as \PDF\ output (specifically, \type{\pdfoutput} and
-\type{\pdfadjustspacing}).
-
-%A warning to macro writers: The \PDFTEX-team reserves the namespaces
-%\type{\pdf*} and \type{\ptex*} for use by \PDFTEX; if you define macros
-%whose names start with \type{\pdf} or \type{\ptex}, you risk nameclashes
-%with new primitives introduced in future versions of \PDFTEX.
-
-General warning: many of these new primitives, for example
-\type{\pdfdest} and \type{\pdfoutline}, write their arguments directly
-to the \PDF\ output file (when producing \PDF), as \PDF\ string
-constants. This means that {\em you} (or, more likely, the macros you
-write) must escape characters as necessary (namely \type{\}, \type{(},
-and \type{)}. Otherwise, an invalid \PDF\ file may result. The
-\type{hyperref} and \TEXINFO\ packages have code which may serve as
-a starting point for implementing
-this, although it will certainly need to be adapted to any particular
-situation.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Document setup}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfoutput} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfoutput}}
-
-This parameter specifies whether the output format should be \DVI\ or
-\PDF. A positive value means \PDF\ output, otherwise (default 0) one gets
-\DVI\ output. This primitive is the only one that must be set to produce
-\PDF\ output (unless the commandline option \type{-output-format=pdf}
-is used); all other primitives are optional. This parameter cannot be
-specified {\em after} shipping out the first page. In other words, if
-we want \PDF\ output, we have to set \type{\pdfoutput} before \PDFTEX\
-ships out the first page.
-
-When \PDFTEX\ starts complaining about specials, one can be rather sure
-that a macro package is not aware of the \PDF\ mode. A simple way of
-making macros aware of \PDFTEX\ in \PDF\ or \DVI\ mode is:
-
-\starttyping
-\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined \csname newcount\endcsname\pdfoutput \fi
-\ifcase\pdfoutput DVI CODE \else PDF CODE \fi
-\stoptyping
-
-Using the \type{ifpdf.sty} file, which works with both \LATEX\ and plain
-\TeX, is a cleaner way of doing this. Historically, the simple test
-\type{\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined} was defined; but nowadays, the \PDFTEX\
-engine is used in distributions also for non-\PDF\ formats (\eg\
-\LATEX), so \type{\pdfoutput} may be defined even when the output format
-is \DVI.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmajorversion} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmajorversion}}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfminorversion} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfminorversion}}
-
-Together, these two primitives specify the \PDF\ version for generated \PDF\
-output. The defaults compiled into the \PDFTEX\ program are
-\type{\pdfmajorversion=1} and \type{\pdfminorversion=4}, thus \PDF~1.4
-is generated by default.
-
-However, distributions typically alter the engine's compiled default
-minor version of~4 when building formats. For example, as of 2010,
-\TEXLIVE\ sets \type{\pdfminorversion=5} when formats are built. This is
-so object compression can be enabled (see \type{\pdfobjcompress} below).
-
-This value also defines the highest \PDF\ version for included \PDF{}s
-to be allowed without error, by default (see
-\type{\pdfinclusionerrorlevel}).
-
-The values for both must be $\ge\,1$ but are not checked further.
-Furthermore, they are set independently; only setting
-\type{\pdfmajorversion=2} would result in \PDF~2.4 output; it's
-necessary to additionally set \type{\pdfminorversion}.
-
-If specified, these primitives must appear before any data is to be
-written to the generated \PDF\ file. The \type{\pdfmajorversion}
-primitive was introduced in \PDFTEX\ 1.40.21. \type{\pdfminorversion}
-was originally a shortened synonym of the
-\type{\pdfoptionpdfminorversion} command, which is now obsolete.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcompresslevel}}
-
-This integer parameter specifies the level of {\em stream} compression
-(text, inline graphics, and embedded \PNG\ images (only if they are un-
-and re-compressed during the embedding process); all done by the
-\type{zlib} library). Zero means no compression, 1~means fastest,
-9~means best, $2..8$ means something in between. A value outside this
-range will be adjusted to the nearest meaningful value. This parameter
-is read each time \PDFTEX\ starts a stream. Setting
-\type{\pdfcompresslevel=0} is useful for \PDF\ stream debugging.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfobjcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfobjcompresslevel}}
-
-This integer parameter controls the compression of {\em non-stream}
-objects. If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is
-written to the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-In the \PDF-1.4 specification, non-stream objects had to be written in
-the \PDF\ file as clear text, uncompressed. The \PDF-1.5 specification
-allows collecting non-stream objects as ``compressed objects'' into
-``object stream'' objects (\type{/Type /ObjStm}, see \PDF\ Ref.\
-5th~ed., sect.~3.4.6). At the end of the \PDF\ file, an \type{/XRef}
-cross-reference stream is then written out instead of the object table.
-This can result in a considerably smaller \PDF\ file, particularly if
-lots of annotations and links are used.
-
-The writing of compressed objects is enabled by setting
-\type{\pdfobjcompresslevel} to a value between~1 and~3; it's disabled
-if~0 (default). Object compression also requires that
-\type{\pdfminorversion}$\,\ge\,$5 (or
-\type{\pdfmajorversion}$\,\ge\,$2), else a warning is given and the
-compression is disabled. The \type{\pdfobjcompresslevel} value is
-clipped to the range $0..3$. Using values outside this range is not
-recommended (for future extension).
-
-The \type{\pdfobjcompresslevel} settings have the following effects:
-\startitemize[0,packed]
-\item When set to~0, no object streams are generated at all.
-\item When set to~1,
-all non-stream objects are compressed with the exception of any objects
-coming with embedded \PDF\ files (``paranoid'' mode, to avoid yet unknown
-problems), and also the \type{/Info} dictionary is not compressed for
-clear-text legibility.
-\item When set to~2, also all non-stream objects coming
-with embedded \PDF\ files are compressed, but the \type{/Info} dictionary
-is still not compressed.
-\item Finally, when set to~3, all non-stream objects
-are compressed, including the \type{/Info} dictionary (this means that
-the \type{/Info} can't be read as clear text any more). If object streams
-are to be used, currently \type{\pdfobjcompresslevel=2} is recommended,
-and is so specified in some distributions, including \TEXLIVE~2010 and later.
-\stopitemize
-
-\description{Compatibility caveat:} \PDF\ files generated with object
-streams enabled can't be read with (sufficiently old) \PDF\ viewers that
-don't understand \PDF-1.5 files. For widest distribution and unknown
-audience, don't activate object stream writing. The \PDF-1.5 standard
-describes also a hybrid object compression mode that gives some backward
-compatibility, but this is currently not implemented, as \PDF-1.5 was
-rather quickly adopted by modern \PDF\ viewers. Also not implemented is
-the optional \type{/Extends} key.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfdecimaldigits} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfdecimaldigits}}
-
-This integer parameter specifies the numeric accuracy of real
-coordinates as written to the \PDF\ file. It gives the maximal number of
-decimal digits after the decimal point. Valid values are in range
-$0..4$. A higher value means more precise output, but also results in a
-larger file size and more time to display or print. In most cases the
-optimal value is~2. This parameter does not influence the precision of
-numbers used in raw \PDF\ code, like that used in \type{\pdfliteral} and
-annotation action specifications; also multiplication items (\eg\
-scaling factors) are not affected and are always output with best
-precision. This parameter is read when \PDFTEX\ writes a real number to
-the \PDF\ output.
-
-When including huge \METAPOST\ images using \filename {supp-pdf.tex}, one can
-limit the accuracy to two digits with: \type{\twodigitMPoutput}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfhorigin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfhorigin}}
-
-This parameter can be used to set the horizontal offset the output box
-from the top left corner of the page. A value of 1~inch corresponds to the
-normal \TEX\ offset. This parameter is read when \PDFTEX\ starts shipping
-out a page to the \PDF\ output.
-
-For standard purposes, this parameter should always be kept at
-1~true inch. If you want to shift text on the page, use \TEX's
-own \type{\hoffset} primitive. To avoid surprises, after global
-magnification has been changed by the \type{\mag} primitive, the
-\type{\pdfhorigin} parameter should still be 1~true inch, \eg\
-by typing \type{\pdfhorigin=1 true in} after issuing the \type{\mag}
-command. Or, you can preadjust the \type{\pdfhorigin} value before typing
-\type{\mag}, so that its value after the \type{\mag} command ends up at
-1~true inch again.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfvorigin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfvorigin}}
-
-This parameter is the vertical companion of \type{\pdfhorigin}, and the
-notes above regarding \type{\mag} and true dimensions apply. Also keep
-in mind that the \TEX\ coordinate system starts in the top left corner
-(downward), while \PDF\ coordinates start at the bottom left corner
-(upward).
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpagewidth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpagewidth}}
-
-This dimension parameter specifies the page width of the \PDF\ output
-(the screen, the paper, etc.). \PDFTEX\ reads this parameter when it
-starts shipping out a page. After magnification has been changed by
-the \type{\mag} primitive, check that this parameter reflects the wished
-true page width.
-
-If the value is set to zero, the page width is calculated as
-$w_{\hbox{\txx box being shipped out}} + 2 \times (\hbox{horigin} +
-\hbox{\type{\hoffset}})$. When part of the page falls off the paper or
-screen, you can be rather sure that this parameter is set wrong.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpageheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpageheight}}
-
-Similar to the previous item, this dimension parameter specifies the
-page height of the \PDF\ output. If set to zero, the page height will
-be calculated analogously to the above. After magnification has been
-changed by the \type{\mag} primitive, check that this parameter reflects
-the wished true page height.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection[sec.docinfocatalog]{Document info and catalog}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfomitinfodict} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfomitinfodict}}
-
-If nonzero, omit the \type{/Info} dictionary completely, as required by
-the \PDF\ A-4 standard. \introduced{1.40.25}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinfo} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinfo}}
-
-This primitive allows the user to specify information for the document
-info dictionary; if this information is provided, it can be extracted,
-\eg\ by the \type{pdfinfo} program. The \Something{general text} is a
-collection of key||value||pairs. The key names are preceded by a
-\type{/}, and the values, being strings, are given between
-parentheses. All keys, and the primitive itself, are optional. Possible
-keys are:\crlf
-\type{/Title},\crlf
-\type{/Author},\crlf
-\type{/Subject},\crlf
-\type{/Keywords},\crlf
-\type{/Producer} (defaults to \hbox{\tt pdfTeX-\currentpdftex}),\crlf
-\type{/Creator} (defaults to \type{TeX}),\crlf
-\type{/CreationDate} (defaults to current date and time, with time zone),\crlf
-\type{/ModDate} (same default),\crlf
-\type{/Trapped} (defaults to \type{/False},\crlf
-\type{/PTEX.Fullbanner} (defaults to the \type{\pdftexbanner} string, q.v.).
-
-\type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate} are expressed in the form
-\type{D:YYYYMMDDhhmmssTZ}, where \type{YYYY} is the year, \type{MM} is
-the month, \type{DD} is the day, hh is the hour, \type{mm} is the
-minutes, \type{ss} is the seconds, and \type{TZ} is an optional string
-denoting the time zone, \type{Z} for universal time. For example, this
-is the Unix epoch, the beginning of 1970-01-01 UTC, in this format:
-\type{19700101000000Z}. If the time zone is not UTC, it is given as
-\type{+HH'mm'} or \type{-HH'mm'}, indicating an offset of the given
-hours and minutes from UTC, with the given either later (\type{+}) or
-earlier (\type{-}) than UTC. (This syntax is specified by the PDF
-definition.)
-
-Multiple appearances of \type{\pdfinfo} are concatenated. Usually if a
-key is given more than once, the first appearance will be used, but this
-is viewer||dependent. Except for standard \TeX\ expansion, \PDFTEX\ does
-not perform any further operations in the \Something{general text}
-provided by the user.
-
-Here is an example of using \type{\pdfinfo} to include the
-information not supplied by \PDFTEX:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfinfo {
- /Title (example.pdf)
- /Author (Tom and Jerry)
- /Subject (Example)
- /Keywords (mouse, cat)
-}
-\stoptyping
-
-For more details on all this, see the \PDFReference.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinfoomitdate} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinfoomitdate}}
-
-If nonzero, omit the \type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate} keys from
-the document info dictionary described above. This can be useful in
-making reproducible \PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsuppressptexinfo} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsuppressptexinfo}}
-
-Treated as a bitmask, specifying which \type{PTEX.*} keys to omit from
-the output:
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|l|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf value \NC \bf suppresses \NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC \tt 1 \NC \type{PTEX.Fullbanner} \NC\NR
-\NC \tt 2 \NC \type{PTEX.FileName} \NC\NR
-\NC \tt 4 \NC \type{PTEX.PageNumber} \NC\NR
-\NC \tt 8 \NC \type{PTEX.InfoDict} \NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable
- [here][suppressptexinfo]
- {\type{\pdfsuppressptexinfo} bit meanings.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-Thus, the value \type{-1}, or the sum of all defined bits, will suppress
-everything.
-
-\type{PTEX.Fullbanner} is included by default in the general document
-info dictionary, as mentioned under \type{\pdfinfo} above. The other
-\type{PTEX.*} keys are included when a \PDF\ is included in the document
-(and not otherwise), as described in \in{section}[sec.addpdfkeys].
-
-This conditional suppression can be useful in making reproducible
-\PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcatalog} \Something{general text}
- \Optional{\Literal{openaction} \Something{action spec}}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcatalog}}
-
-Similar to the document info section is the document catalog, where
-possible keys are \type{/URI}, which specifies the base \URL\ of the
-document, and \type {/PageMode}, which determines how the \PDF\ viewer
-displays the document on startup. The possibilities for the latter are
-explained in \in {table} [pagemode]:
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|l|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf value \NC \bf meaning \NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC \tt /UseNone \NC neither outline nor thumbnails visible \NC\NR
-\NC \tt /UseOutlines \NC outline visible \NC\NR
-\NC \tt /UseThumbs \NC thumbnails visible \NC\NR
-\NC \tt /FullScreen \NC full||screen mode \NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable
- [here][pagemode]
- {Supported \type{/PageMode} values.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-The default \type{/PageMode} setting is \type{/UseNone}. In
-full||screen mode, there is no menu bar, window controls, nor any other
-window present.
-
-After the \Something{general text}, a construct \Literal{openaction}
-\Something{action spec} can be given, where \Literal{openaction} is a
-\PDFTEX\ keyword, and \Something{action spec} specifies the action to be
-taken when opening the document. This \Something{action spec} is the
-same as for internal links; see \in {section} [linking]. (Instead of
-using this method, one can also write the open action directly into the
-catalog.)
-
-Several settings can be made in one \type{\pdfcatalog} call, for
-example:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfcatalog{
- /PageMode /FullScreen
-} openaction goto page 2 {/Fit}
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcreationdate} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcreationdate}}
-
-Expands to the date string \PDFTEX\ uses in the info dictionary of the
-document, \eg\ for this file {\tt\pdfcreationdate}. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfnames} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfnames}}
-
-This primitive inserts the \Something{general text} to the \type
-{/Names} array. The text must
-conform to the specifications as laid down in the \PDFReference,
-otherwise the document can be invalid.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftrailer} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftrailer}}
-
-This command puts its argument text verbatim into the file trailer
-dictionary. Example: \type{\pdftrailer {/mytrlrkey /mytrlrval}}.
-\introduced{1.11a}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftrailerid} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftrailerid}}
-
-Use the \Something{general text} to seed the \type{/ID} value in the
-trailer, instead of the default combination of the input file
-name and starting time. If the argument is empty, the \type{/ID} is
-omitted entirely. Example: \type{\pdftrailerid{}}. This can be useful
-in making reproducible \PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Fonts}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpkresolution} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpkresolution}}
-
-This integer parameter specifies the default resolution of embedded \PK\
-fonts and is read when \PDFTEX\ embeds a \PK\ font during finishing the
-\PDF\ output. As bitmap fonts are still rendered poorly by some \PDF\
-viewers, it is best to use Type~1 fonts when available.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffontexpand}
- \Something{font} \Something{stretch} \Something{shrink}
- \Something{step} \Optional{\Literal{autoexpand}}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffontexpand}}
-
-This extension to \TEX's font definitions controls a major \PDFTEX\ feature
-called {\em font expansion}. We describe this by an example:
-
-\starttyping
-\font\somefont=sometfm at 10pt
-\pdffontexpand\somefont 30 20 10 autoexpand
-\pdfadjustspacing=2
-\stoptyping
-
-The \type{30 20 10} means this: \quotation {hey \TEX, when line breaking
-is going badly, you may stretch the glyphs from this font as much as
-3\,\% or shrink them as much as 2\,\%}. For practical reasons \PDFTEX\
-uses discrete expansion steps, in this example, 1\,\%. Roughly spoken, the
-trick is as follows. Consider a text typeset in triple column mode. When
-\TEX\ cannot break a line in the appropriate way, the unbreakable parts
-of the word will stick into the margin. When \PDFTEX\ notes this, it
-will try to scale (shrink) the glyphs in that line using fixed steps,
-until the line fits. When lines are too spacy, the opposite happens:
-\PDFTEX\ starts scaling (stretching) the glyphs until the white space
-gaps is acceptable. This glyph stretching and shrinking is called
-{\em font expansion}. To enable font expansion, \type{\pdfadjustspacing}
-must be set to a value greater than zero.
-
-There are two different modes for font expansion:
-
-First, if the \type{autoexpand} option is given --- which is the
-recommended mode --- only a single map entry is needed for all expanded
-font versions, using the name of the unexpanded \TFM\ file ({\em
-tfmname}). No expanded {\em tfmname} versions need be mentioned (they are
-ignored), as \PDFTEX\ generates expanded instances of the unexpanded \TFM\
-data structures and keeps them in its memory. Since \PDFTEX~1.40.0 the
-\type{autoexpand} mode happens within the page stream by modification of
-the text matrix (\PDF\ operator ``\type{Tm}''), and not at the font
-file level, giving the advantage that it now works not only with Type~1
-but also with TrueType and OpenType fonts (and even without embedding
-a font file; but that's not recommended). In this mode \PDFTEX\ requires
-only unexpanded font files.
-
-Second, if the \type{autoexpand} option is missing, setting up font
-expansion gets more tedious, as there must be map entries for \TFM\ files
-in all required expansion values. The expanded {\em tfmname} variants
-are constructed by adding the font expansion value to the {\em tfmname}
-of the base font, \eg\ there must be a map entry with {\em tfmname}
-\type{sometfm+10} for 1\,\% stretch or \type{sometfm-15} for 1.5\,\%
-shrink. This also means that for each expanded font variant a \TFM\
-file with properly expanded metrics must exist. Having several map
-entries for the various expansion values of a font requires providing
-for each expansion value an individually crafted font file with expanded
-glyphs. Depending on how these glyphs are generated, this might give
-slightly better glyph forms than the rather simple glyph stretching
-used in \type{autoexpand mode}. The drawback is that several font
-files will be embedded in the \PDF\ output for each expanded font,
-leading to significantly larger \PDF\ files than in \type{autoexpand}
-mode. For moderate expansion values, going without \type{autoexpand}
-mode is typically not worth the trouble.
-
-A caveat: when \type{\pdffontexpand} is executed, \PDFTEX\ immediately
-loads two fonts, at the maximum stretch and shrink; in our example,
-\type{sometfm+30} and \type{sometfm-20}. (If they aren't available,
-\type{mktextfm} may be uselessly called, and then an error message
-issued.) This happens even if those fonts never end up being used, which
-is arguably undesirable, but hard to change. It is not a problem when
-using \type{autoexpand}.
-
-The font expansion mechanism is inspired by an optimization first
-introduced by Prof.~Hermann Zapf, which in itself goes back to
-optimizations used in the early days of typesetting: use different
-glyphs to optimize the grayness of a page. So, there are many, slightly
-different~a's, e's, etc. For practical reasons \PDFTEX\ does not use
-such huge glyph collections; it uses horizontal scaling instead. This is
-sub||optimal, and for many fonts, possibly offensive to the design. But,
-when using \PDF, it's not illogical: \PDF\ viewers support arbitrary
-scaling, after all. (Also, they used to use so||called
-Multiple Master fonts when no fonts are embedded and|/|or can be found
-on the target system. Such fonts are designed to adapt their design to
-the different scaling parameters. It is up to the user to determine
-to what extent mixing slightly remastered fonts can be used without
-violating the design. Think of an O: when geometrically stretched, the
-vertical part of the glyph becomes thicker, and looks incompatible with
-an unscaled original. With a Multiple Master situation, one can stretch
-while keeping this thickness compatible. Perhaps something similar
-happens with TrueType and OpenType fonts nowadays.)
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfadjustspacing} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfadjustspacing}}
-
-This primitive provides a switch for enabling font expansion. By default,
-\type{\pdfadjustspacing} is set to~0; then font expansion is disabled,
-so that the \PDFTEX\ output is identical to that from the original \TEX\
-engine.
-
-Font expansion can be activated in two modes. When
-\type{\pdfadjustspacing} is set to~1, font expansion is applied {\em
-after} \TEX's normal paragraph breaking routines have broken the paragraph
-into lines. In this case, line breaks are identical to standard \TEX\
-behavior.
-
-When set to~2, the width changes that are the result of stretching and
-shrinking are taken into account {\em while} the paragraph is broken into
-lines. In this case, line breaks are likely to be different from those of
-standard \TEX. In fact, paragraphs may even become longer or shorter.
-
-Both alternatives require a collection of \TFM\ files that are
-related to the \Something{stretch} and \Something{shrink} settings
-for the \type{\pdffontexpand} primitive, unless this is given with the
-\type{autoexpand} option.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\efcode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{efcode}}
-
-We haven't yet told the whole story. One can imagine that some glyphs are
-visually more sensitive to stretching or shrinking than others. Then the
-\type{\efcode} primitive can be used to influence the expandability of
-individual glyphs within a given font, as a factor to the expansion
-setting from the \type{\pdffontexpand} primitive. The syntax is similar
-to \type{\sfcode} (but with the \Something{font} required), and it
-defaults to~1000, meaning 100\,\% expandability. The given integer value
-is clipped to the range $0..1000$, corresponding to a usable
-expandability range of $0..100$\,\%. Example:
-
-\starttyping
-\efcode\somefont`A=800
-\efcode\somefont`O=0
-\stoptyping
-
-Here an A may stretch or shrink only by 80\,\% of the current expansion
-value for that font, and expansion for the~O is disabled. The actual
-expansion is still bound to the steps as defined by \type{\pdffontexpand}
-primitive, otherwise one would end up with more possible font inclusions
-than would be comfortable.
-
-Changes to this table are global, i.e., ignore \TeX's usual grouping,
-and apply only to the given \Something{font}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfprotrudechars} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfprotrudechars}}
-
-Yet another way of optimizing paragraph breaking is to let certain
-characters move into the margin (`character protrusion'). When
-\type{\pdfprotrudechars=1}, the glyphs qualified as such will make
-this move when applicable, without changing the line-breaking. When
-\type{\pdfprotrudechars=2} (or greater), character protrusion will
-be taken into account while considering breakpoints, so line-breaking
-might be changed. This qualification and the amount of shift are set by
-the primitives \type{\rpcode} and \type{\lpcode}. Character protrusion
-is disabled when \type{\pdfprotrudechars=0} (or negative).
-
-If you want to protrude some item other than a character (\eg\
-a \type{\hbox}), you can do so by padding the item with an invisible
-zero||width character, for which protrusion is activated.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\rpcode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{rpcode}}
-
-The amount that a character from a given font may shift into the right
-margin (`character protrusion') is set by the primitive \type{\rpcode}.
-The protrusion distance is the integer value given to \type{\rpcode},
-multiplied with 0.001\,em from the current font. The given integer value
-is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$, corresponding to a usable
-protrusion range of $-$1\,em..1\,em. Example:
-
-\starttyping
-\rpcode\somefont`,=200
-\rpcode\somefont`-=150
-\stoptyping
-
-Here the comma may shift by 0.2\,em into the margin and the hyphen by
-0.15\,em. All these small bits and pieces will help \PDFTEX\ to give
-you better paragraphs (use \type{\rpcode} judiciously; don't overdo it).
-
-Remark: old versions of \PDFTEX\ use the character width as measure. This
-was changed to a proportion of the em-width after \THANH\ finished his
-master's thesis.
-
-Changes to this table are global, i.e., ignore \TeX's usual grouping,
-and apply only to the given \Something{font}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\lpcode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{lpcode}}
-
-This is similar to \type{\rpcode}, but affects the amount by which
-characters may protrude into the left margin. Here also the given integer
-value is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$.
-
-Changes to this table are global, i.e., ignore \TeX's usual grouping,
-and apply only to the given \Something{font}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\leftmarginkern} \Something{box number}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{leftmarginkern}}
-
-The \Tex{\leftmarginkern} \Something{box number} primitive expands to the
-width of the margin kern at the left side of the horizontal list stored
-in \Tex{\box} \Something{box number}. The expansion string includes the
-unit \type{pt}. \Eg, when the left margin kern of \type{\box0} amounts
-to $-$10\,pt, \type{\leftmarginkern0} will expand to \type{-10pt}.
-A similar primitive \type{\rightmarginkern} exists for the right margin.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-These are auxiliary primitives to make character protrusion
-more versatile. When using the \TEX\ primitive \type{\unhbox} or
-\type{\unhcopy}, the margin kerns at either end of the unpackaged
-hbox will be removed (\eg\ to avoid weird effects if several
-hboxes are unpackaged behind each other into the same horizontal
-list). These \type{\unhbox} or \type{\unhcopy} are often used together
-with \type{\vsplit} for dis- and re||assembling of paragraphs, \eg\ to
-add line numbers. Paragraphs treated like this do not show character
-protrusion by default, as the margin kerns have been removed during the
-unpacking process.
-
-The \type{\leftmarginkern} and \type{\rightmarginkern} primitives allow
-to access the margin kerns and store them away before unpackaging the
-hbox. \Eg\, the following code snipplet restores margin kerning of
-a horizontal list stored in \type{\box\testline}, resulting in a hbox with
-proper margin kerning (which is then done by ordinary kerns).
-
-\starttyping
-\dimen0=\leftmarginkern\testline
-\dimen1=\rightmarginkern\testline
-\hbox to\hsize{\kern\dimen0\unhcopy\testline\kern\dimen1}
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\rightmarginkern} \Something{box number}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{rightmarginkern}}
-
-The \Tex{\rightmarginkern} \Something{box number} primitive expands to
-the width of the margin kern at the right side of the horizontal list
-stored in \Tex{\box} \Something{box number}. See \type{\leftmarginkern}
-for more details.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\letterspacefont} \Something{control sequence}
- \Something{font} \Something{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{letterspacefont}}
-
-This primitive creates an instance of \Something{font} with the widths
-of all glyphs increased by \Something{integer} thousandths of an em (as
-set in \Something{font}). The effect is letter spacing, but the glyphs
-are actually larger (sidebearings are increased), so a single glyph will
-take more space. For instance, the following creates a font
-\type{\lsfont} whose glyphs are all 1.2\,pt larger than those of
-\type{\normalfont}:
-
-\starttyping
-\font\normalfont=myfont at 12pt
-\letterspacefont\lsfont\normalfont 100
-\stoptyping
-
-Negative values are allowed for \Something{integer}.
-Letter spacing works natively in \PDF\ mode only, unless special fonts are
-devised (in our example, a \type{myfont+100ls} font), as with font expansion.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcopyfont} \Something{control sequence}
- \Something{font}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcopyfont}}
-
-This primitive defines \Something{control sequence} as a synonym for
-\Something{font}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffontattr} \Something{font}
- \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffontattr}}
-
-This primitive inserts the \Something{general text} to the \type{/Font}
-dictionary. The text must conform to the specifications as laid down in
-the \PDFReference, otherwise the document can be invalid. For examples,
-see the \type{cmap} and \type{CJK} packages.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffontname} \Something{font}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffontname}}
-
-In \PDF\ files produced by \PDFTEX\ one can recognize a font resource
-by the prefix~\type{/F} followed by a number, for instance \type{/F12}
-or \type{/F54}. For a given \TEX\ \Something{font}, this primitive
-expands to the number from the corresponding font resource name.
-\Eg, if \type{/F12} corresponds to some \TEX\ font \type{\foo}, the
-\type{\pdffontname\foo} expands to the number~\type{12}.
-
-In the current implementation, when \type{\pdfuniqueresname} (see below)
-is set to a positive value, the \type{\pdffontname} still returns only the
-number from the font resource name, but not the appended random string.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffontobjnum} \Something{font}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffontobjnum}}
-
-This command is similar to \type{\pdffontname}, but it returns the
-\PDF\ object number of the font dictionary instead of the number from
-the font resource name. \Eg, if the font dictionary (\type{/Type
-/Font}) in \PDF\ object~3 corresponds to some \TEX\ font \type{\foo},
-the \type{\pdffontobjnum\foo} gives the number~\type{3}.
-
-Use of \type{\pdffontname} and \type{\pdffontobjnum} allows users full
-access to all the font resources used in the document.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffontsize} \Something{font}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffontsize}}
-
-This primitive expands to the font size of the given font, with unit
-\type{pt}. \Eg, when using the plain \TeX\ macro package, the call
-\type{\pdffontsize\tenrm} expands to \type{10.0pt}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfincludechars} \Something{font}
- \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfincludechars}}
-
-This command causes \PDFTEX\ to treat the characters in \Something{general
-text} as if they were used with \Something{font}\unkern, which means that the
-corresponding glyphs will be embedded into the font resources in the \PDF\
-output. Nothing is appended to the list being built.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfomitcharset} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfomitcharset}}
-
-If this primitive parameter is zero (the default), the \type{/CharSet}
-entry is included as usual for fonts in the \PDF\ output; if it is set
-to 1, then \type{/CharSet} is omitted. (Other values may have other
-meanings in the future, so do not rely on them.)
-
-Explanation: This parameter was created because the \PDFA-1 standard
-requires \type{/CharSet}, whereas \PDFA-2 and \PDFA-3 allow it to be
-omitted but have extraordinary requirements, which \PDFTEX\ does not
-currently meet, if it is included.\introduced{1.40.20}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfuniqueresname} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfuniqueresname}}
-
-When this primitive is assigned a positive number, \PDF\ resource names
-will be made reasonably unique by appending a random string consisting
-of six \ASCII\ characters.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmapfile} \Something{map spec}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmapfile}}
-
-This primitive is used for reading a font map file consisting of
-one or more font map lines. The name of the map file is given in
-the \Something{map spec} together with an optional leading modifier
-character. If no \type{\pdfmapfile} primitive is given, the default map
-file \filename{pdftex.map} will be read by \PDFTEX. There is a companion
-primitive \type{\pdfmapline} that allows to scan single map lines;
-its map line argument has the same syntax as the map lines from a map
-file. Both primitives can be used concurrently. The \type{\pdfmapfile}
-primitive is fast for reading external bulk font map information (many
-map lines collected in a map file), whereas the \type{\pdfmapline} allows
-to put the font map information for individual \TeX\ fonts right into
-the \TeX\ source or a style file. In any case the map line information
-is scanned by \PDFTEX, and in the most common case the data are put into
-a fresh internal map entry data structure, which is then consulted once
-a font is called.
-
-Normally there is no need for the \PDFTEX\ user to bother about the
-\type{\pdfmapfile} or \type{\pdfmapline} primitives, as the main \TEX\
-distributions provide nice helper tools that automatically assemble
-the default font map file. Prominent tool examples are the scripts
-\type{updmap} and \type{updmap-sys} coming with \TEXLIVE.
-If your map file isn't in the current directory (or a standard system
-directory), you will need to set the \type{TEXFONTMAPS} variable (in
-\WEBC) or give an explicit path so that it will be found.
-
-When the \type{\pdfmapfile} or \type{\pdfmapline} primitive is read
-by \PDFTEX, the argument (map file or map line) will be processed
-{\em immediately}, and the internal map entry database is updated.
-The operation mode of the \type{\pdfmapfile} and \type{\pdfmapline}
-primitives is selected by an optional modifier character (\type{+},
-\type{=}, \type{-}) in front of the {\em tfmname} field. This modifier
-defines how the individual map lines are going to be handled, and how
-a collision between an already registered map entry and a newer one is
-resolved; either ignoring a later entry, or replacing or deleting an
-existing entry. But in any case, map entries of fonts already in use
-are kept untouched. Here are two examples:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfmapfile{+myfont.map}
-\pdfmapline{+ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb}
-\stoptyping
-
-When no modifier character is given (\eg\ \type{\pdfmapfile{foo.map}}
-or \type{\pdfmapline{phvr8r Helvetica}}) and there hasn't already been
-any call of one of these primitives before, then the default map file
-\filename{pdftex.map} will {\em not} be read in. Apart from this the
-given map file will be processed similarly as with a \type{+} modifier:
-duplicate later map entries within the file are ignored and a warning is
-issued. This means, that you can block reading of the default map file
-also by an empty \type{\pdfmapfile{}} or \type{\pdfmapline{}} early in
-the \TeX\ file. When the default map file is large but you don't need it
-anyway, these command variants might considerably speed up the \PDFTEX\
-startup process.
-
-If a modifier is given, the mechanism is so that before reading the
-items given as arguments to \type{\pdfmapfile} or \type{\pdfmapline}
-the default map file will be read first --- if this hasn't already
-been done or been prevented by the above blocking cases. This should
-be mostly compatible with the traditional behavior. If you want to add
-support for a new font through an additional font map file while keeping
-all the existing mappings, don't use the primitive versions without
-modifier, but instead type either \type{\pdfmapfile{+myfont.map}} or
-\type{\pdfmapfile{=myfont.map}}, as described below.
-
-\type{\pdfmapfile {+foo.map}} reads the file \filename{foo.map}; duplicate
-later map entries within the file are ignored and a warning is issued.
-
-\type{\pdfmapfile {=foo.map}} reads the file \filename{foo.map};
-matching map entries in the database are replaced by new entries from
-\filename{foo.map} (if they aren't already in use).
-
-\type{\pdfmapfile {-foo.map}} reads the file \filename{foo.map}; matching
-map entries are deleted from the database (if not yet in use).
-
-If you want to use a base map file name other than \type{pdftex.map},
-or change its processing options through a \PDFTEX\ format, you can do
-this by appending the \type{\pdfmapfile} command to the \type{\everyjob{}}
-token list for the \type{-ini} run, \eg:
-
-\starttyping
-\everyjob\expandafter{\the\everyjob\pdfmapfile{+myspecial.map}}
-\dump
-\stoptyping
-
-This would always read the file \type{myspecial.map} after the default
-\type{pdftex.map} file.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmapline} \Something{map spec}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmapline}}
-
-Similar to \type{\pdfmapfile}, but here you can give a single
-map line (like the ones in map files) as an argument. The optional modifiers
-(\type{+-=}) have the same effect as with \type{\pdfmapfile}; see also
-the description above. Example:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfmapline{+ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb}
-\stoptyping
-
-This primitive (especially the \type{\pdfmapline{=...}} variant) is useful
-for temporary quick checks of a new font map entry during development,
-before finally putting it into a map file.
-
-\type{\pdfmapline {}} like \type{\pdfmapfile {}} blocks reading
-of the default map file, if it comes early enough in the \TeX\
-input. \introduced{1.20a}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsuppresswarningdupmap} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsuppresswarningdupmap}}
-
-Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when a duplicate map entry for a
-given font is read, whatever the mechanism. However, sometimes it is
-useful to include map information within the document, using
-\type{\pdfmapfile} or \type{\pdfmapline}, even for fonts that happen to
-be installed on the system. Then seeing the warnings on every run is
-just noise, and can be suppressed by setting this parameter to a
-positive number. \introduced{1.40.13}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftracingfonts} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftracingfonts}}
-
-This integer parameter specifies the level of verbosity for info about
-expanded fonts given in the log, \eg\ when \type{\tracingoutput=1}.
-If \type{\pdftracingfonts=0}, which is the default, the log shows the
-actual non-zero signed expansion value for each expanded letter within
-brackets, \eg:
-
-\starttyping
-...\xivtt (+20) t
-\stoptyping
-
-If \type{\pdftracingfonts=1}, also the name of the \TFM\ file is listed,
-together with the font size, \eg:
-
-\starttyping
-...\xivtt (cmtt10+20@14.0pt) t
-\stoptyping
-
-Setting \type{\pdftracingfonts} to a value other than~0 or~1 is not
-recommended, to allow future extensions. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmovechars} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmovechars}}
-
-Since \PDFTEX\ version 1.30.0 the primitive \type{\pdfmovechars} is obsolete,
-and its use merely leads to a warning. (This primitive specified whether
-\PDFTEX\ should try to move characters in range 0..31 to higher slots;
-its sole purpose was to remedy certain bugs of early \PDF\ viewers.)
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpkmode} \Whatever{tokens}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpkmode}}
-
-The \type{\pdfpkmode} is a token register that sets the \METAFONT\ mode for
-pixel font generation. The contents of this register is dumped into the
-format, so one can (optionally) preset it \eg\ in \type{pdftexconfig.tex}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfnoligatures} \Something{font}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfnoligatures}}
-
-This disables all ligatures in the loaded font \Something{font}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\tagcode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{tagcode}}
-
-This primitive accesses a character's \type{char_tag} info. It is meant
-to delete \type{lig_tag} (the character's ligature/kerning program),
-\type{list_tag} (which indicates that the character belongs to a chain of
-ascending sizes) and/or \type{ext_tag} (which indicates that the character
-is extensible), with the following options: assigning \type{-7} or smaller
-clears all tags, \type{-6} clears \type{ext_tag} and \type{list_tag},
-\type{-5} clears \type{ext_tag} and \type{lig_tag}, \type{-4} clears
-\type{ext_tag}, \type{-3} clears \type{list_tag} and \type{lig_tag},
-\type{-2} clears \type{list_tag}, \type{-1} clears \type{lig_tag},
-and \type{0} or larger does nothing. Changes are irreversible and global.
-
-Conversely, when queried, the primitive returns \type{0} if the tag's
-value is \type{no_tag}, \type{1} if \type{lig_tag} is set, \type{2} if
-\type{list_tag} is set or \type{4} (not~3) if \type{ext_tag} is set.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfgentounicode} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfgentounicode}}
-
-By default, \PDFTEX\ does not include a \type{/ToUnicode} resource when
-including fonts in the output. Such a resource (also called a CMap
-resource) maps glyph names to Unicode characters in a \PDF\ file.
-Lacking such a resource, it is the \PDF\ reader which determines how and
-whether searching in the \PDF\ file works. In practice, searching for
-basic \ASCII\ characters generally works, but searching for anything
-beyond those, including ligatures such as `fi', fails in some versions
-of some \PDF\ browsers (most notably Adobe Reader).
-
-If \type{\pdfgentounicode} is set to \type{1} when the job ends, the
-\type{/ToUnicode} resource will be included in the output, with mappings
-for Type~1 fonts used in the documents. The mapping is created as
-follows: for each glyph in the font, look for its \type{ToUnicode} value
-in a global hash table. By default that global hash table is empty, in
-which case \PDFTEX\ merely emits a warning. Entries are added to the
-table using the following command:
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfglyphtounicode} \Something{general text}
- \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfglyphtounicode}}
-
-The first argument is the name of a glyph, the second is a string of Unicode
-numeric values denoting characters, separated by spaces. For instance:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfgentounicode=1
-\pdfglyphtounicode{ff}{0066 0066}
-\stoptyping
-
-\noindent maps the \type{ff} ligature to a pair of \type{f}'s (whose
-code is \type{U+0066}).
-
-Once a single \type{\pdfglyphtounicode} definition is made, whether it
-is used or not, another feature comes into play: glyph names of the form
-\type{uniXXXX} or \type{uXXXX} are mapped to the natural \type{U+XXXX}.
-Many fonts use this style of naming.
-
-In addition, the \type{glyphtounicode.tex} file (distributed with
-\PDFTEX\ and other software) contains thousands of such definitions,
-covering most common glyph names. So, for practical purposes, one would
-probably want:
-
-\starttyping
-\input glyphtounicode
-\pdfgentounicode=1
-\stoptyping
-
-\LATEX\ users could load the \type{cmap} package to achieve the same
-effect.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfnobuiltintounicode} \Something{font}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfnobuiltintounicode}}
-
-The primary purpose of this command is to prevent \PDFTEX\ from
-generating the \type{ToUnicode}/CMap resource for the given font when
-\type{\pdfgentounicode=1}, most likely because the CMap resource is
-already generated by some other method (for example, the \LATEX\
-\type{cmap} package uses \type{\pdffontattr} to generate a CMap
-resource).
-
-Minimal example:
-\starttyping
-\font\f=cmb10
-\pdfnobuiltintounicode\f
-\f No unicode mappings for this output.
-\stoptyping
-\introduced{1.40.11}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinterwordspaceon}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinterwordspaceon}}
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinterwordspaceoff}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinterwordspaceoff}}
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfspacefont} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfspacefont}}
-
-The first two commands insert corresponding whatsit nodes which turn
-on/off generation of faked interword spaces in the \PDF\ output (they
-cause errors in \DVI\ output). This allows for better reflowing of text
-on the fly by \PDF\ readers, better extraction of textual content, and
-is required by \PDF/A. It does not affect the normal \TeX\ justification
-with glue of the typeset output.
-
-This works roughly as follows: with \type{\pdfinterwordspaceon},
-\PDFTEX\ will guess when an interword space should be inserted, based on
-movement within some limits in horizontal direction. When found,
-\PDFTEX\ inserts a true space character into the \PDF\ page description
-for the viewers, and adjusts the next movement so that the next
-character will be in the expected position, according to normal \TEX\
-behavior.
-
-Where does that \quotation{true space character} come from?
-There are two possibilities.
-
-\startitemize
-\item If the current font has a real space character, it is used.
-\PDFTEX\ considers a font to have such a space character if 1)~the font
-has an encoding vector (\type{.enc} file) specified in its map entry,
-and 2)~the encoding has a glyph named \type{space} (that is, the
-PostScript name \type{/space}) at slot 32. For example, the font
-\type{texnansi-lmr10} uses the encoding file \type{lm-texnansi.enc},
-which has such an entry.
-
-\item
-If the current font does not have such a space character (this is the
-case for most traditional \TEX\ fonts, such as \type{cmr10} and
-\type{ec-lmr10}), \PDFTEX\ will use the space character from a special
-fallback font named (by default) \type{pdftexspace}[\type{.tfm}].
-\PDFTEX\ automatically defines a map entry for this font which looks as
-follows:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfmapline{=pdftexspace PdfTeX-Space <pdftexspace.pfb}
-\stoptyping
-
-The \type{pdftexspace.tfm} and \type{pdftexspace.pfb} files are expected
-to be available to \PDFTEX\ just like any other font. (They are
-distributed with \PDFTEX.) The \type{pdftexspace} font was constructed
-by hand; it has a space character that is .333em (and no other
-characters).
-
-It is possible to use a different fallback font for the space character
-by specifying \type{\pdfspacefont}\Lbrace \Something{somefont}\Rbrace.
-(This is most likely to be useful for testing or debugging.) In this
-case, \PDFTEX\ assumes that the given font has a real space character at
-slot 32, and that any necessary corresponding map entry exists. For
-example:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfspacefont{texnansi-lmr10} % use space char from this font if
- % current font has no space char
-\stoptyping
-\stopitemize
-
-History: Before \PDFTEX\ version 1.40.25, no check was made for a
-\type{space} character in the current font, the fallback font was named
-\type{dummy-space}, and its space character was tiny, 0.001em. It turned
-out that \PDF\ viewers were unhappy with this tiny space, especially
-with tagged \PDF.
-
-Example of usage (see also the \type{fake-interword-space.tex} test file):
-
-\starttyping
-Text with no interword spaces.
-
-\pdfglyphtounicode{space}{0020}
-\pdfinterwordspaceon
-
-Switch to text with faked interword spaces.
-
-\pdfinterwordspaceoff
-
-Back to text with no interword spaces.
-\stoptyping
-\introducedplural{1.40.15, 1.40.25}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffakespace}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffakespace}}
-
-Insert a faked interword space to the output, regardless of the value of
-\type{\pdfinterwordspaceon} and \type{\pdfinterwordspaceoff}. Example:
-
-\starttyping
-Text with no interword \pdffakespace\pdffakespace spaces.
-\stoptyping
-\introduced{1.40.15}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Spacing}
-
-Controlling spacing before and after characters was introduced in
-version 1.30, mostly to handle punctuation rules in different
-languages. The \type{\...code} tables here, like those in the previous
-section, operate globally, i.e., ignore \TeX's usual grouping, and apply
-only to the given \Something{font}, not other instances of the
-underlying font.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfadjustinterwordglue} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfadjustinterwordglue}}
-
-If positive, adjustment of interword glue is enabled and controlled by the
-following three primitives.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\knbscode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{knbscode}}
-
-The amount of space, in thousandths of an em, added to the natural width
-of the glue following a character (the name stands for ``kern before
-space'', although technically it is looking at glue items, not kern
-items). This amounts is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$. For
-instance, the following example means that glues after periods will be
-increased by .2\,em.
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfadjustinterwordglue=1
-\knsbcode\font`\.=200
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\stbscode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{stbscode}}
-
-This works like \type{\knbscode}, but applies to the stretch component of
-the following glue.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\shbscode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{shbscode}}
-
-Like \type{\stbscode}, but for the shrink component.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfprependkern} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfprependkern}}
-
-If positive, automatic insertion of kerns before characters is enabled.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\knbccode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{knbccode}}
-
-The width of the kern, in thousandths of an em, inserted before a character.
-It is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$. For instance, with the
-following code, a .15\,em-kern will be inserted before all question marks
-(useful for \eg\ French punctuation):
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfprependkern=1
-\knbccode\font`\?=150
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfappendkern} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfappendkern}}
-
-Same as \type{\pdfprependkern}, but for kerns inserted after characters.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\knaccode} \Something{font}
- \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{knaccode}}
-
-Same as \type{\knbccode}, except the kern is inserted after the
-character. Such a kern is required for instance after a left guillemet
-in French punctuation.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Vertical adjustments}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfignoreddimen} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfignoreddimen}}
-
-This is the dimension which must assigned to the following four primitives
-so they are ignored. Default is \type{-1000pt}, and it should be modified
-with care since it also influences when a previous paragraph's depth is ignored
-(for instance, the plain \TEX\ macro \type{\nointerlineskip} should be
-modified accordingly).
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffirstlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffirstlineheight}}
-
-This parameter specifies the height of the first line of a paragraph,
-regardless of its content. It is read when the paragraph builder is
-called, and ignored when set to \type{\pdfignoreddimen}. By default,
-it is set to \type{-1000pt}, so it is ignored as long as the value
-of \type{\pdfignoreddimen} is the same.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastlinedepth}}
-
-This is similar to the previous parameter, but affects the last line's
-depth of a paragraph.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfeachlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfeachlineheight}}
-
-Similar to \type{\pdffirstlineheight}, but for all lines of a paragraph,
-including the first one, unless \type{\pdffirstlineheight} is specified.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfeachlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfeachlinedepth}}
-
-Like the preceding parameter, but for depth.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{\PDF\ objects}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfobj} \Something{object type spec}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfobj}}
-
-This command creates a raw \PDF\ object that is written to the \PDF\
-file as \type{1 0 obj} \unknown\ \type{endobj}. The object is written to
-\PDF\ output as provided by the user. When \Something{object type spec}
-is not given, \PDFTEX\ no longer creates a dictionary object with
-contents \Something{general text}, as it did in the past.
-
-When, however, \Something{object type spec} is given as \Something{attr
-spec} \Literal{stream}, the object will be created as a stream with
-contents \Something{general text} and additional attributes in
-\Something{attr spec}\unkern.
-
-When \Something{object type spec} is given as \Something{attr spec}
-\Literal{file}, then the \Something{general text} will be treated as a file
-name and its contents will be copied into the stream contents.
-
-When \Something{object type spec} is given as \type{reserveobjnum},
-just a new object number is reserved. The number of the reserved object
-is accessible via \type{\pdflastobj}. The object can later be filled
-with contents by \Syntax{\Tex{\pdfobj} \Literal{useobjnum}
-\Something{number} \Lbrace\Something{balanced text}\Rbrace}.
-But the reserved object number can already be used before by other
-objects, which provides a forward||referencing mechanism.
-
-The object is kept in memory and will be written to the \PDF\ output only
-when its number is referred to by \type{\pdfrefobj} or when \type{\pdfobj}
-is preceded by \type{\immediate}. Nothing is appended to the list being
-built. The number of the most recently created object is accessible via
-\type{\pdflastobj}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastobj} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastobj}}
-
-This command returns the object number of the last object created by \type
-{\pdfobj}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrefobj} \Something{object number}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrefobj}}
-
-This command appends a whatsit node to the list being built. When the whatsit
-node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will write the object
-\Something{object number}
-to the \PDF\ output if it has not been written yet.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfretval} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfretval}}
-
-Set to $-1$ if \type{\pdfobj} ignores an invalid object number. Perhaps
-this will be used to store the error status of other primitives in the
-future.
-
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Page and pages objects}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpagesattr} \Whatever{tokens}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpagesattr}}
-
-\PDFTEX\ expands this token list when it finishes the \PDF\ output and
-adds the resulting character stream to the root \type{Pages}
-object. When defined, these are applied to all pages in the
-document. Some examples of attributes are \type{/CropBox}, the rectangle
-specifying the region of the page being displayed and printed, and
-\type{/Rotate}, the number of degrees (in multiples of 90) the page
-should be rotated clockwise when it is displayed or printed.
-
-% /MediaBox is not a good example, since will never take effect
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfpagesattr
- { /Rotate 90 % rotate all pages by 90 degrees
- /CropBox [0 0 612 792] } % the crop size of all pages (in bp)
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpageattr} \Whatever{tokens}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpageattr}}
-
-This is similar to \type{\pdfpagesattr}, but has priority over it.
-It can be used to override any attribute given by \type{\pdfpagesattr}
-for an individual page. The token list is expanded when \PDFTEX\ ships out
-a page. The contents are added to the attributes of the current page.
-
-If the \type{\pdfpageattr} value contains the string \type{/MediaBox},
-then \PDFTEX\ omits outputting its own \type{/MediaBox} value (which is
-\type{[0 0 }\Something{\it page\_width} \Something{\it
-page\_height}\type{]}). (This behavior was introduced in version
-1.40.18.)
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpageresources} \Whatever{tokens}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpageresources}}
-
-These tokens are added to the resource dictionary for all pages, before
-the font, XOBject, and ProcSet resources.
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfpageresources{/MyPageResourceAttribute /MyValue}
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpageref} \Something{page number}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpageref}}
-
-This primitive expands to the number of the page object that contains
-the dictionary for page \Something{page number}. If the page
-\Something{page number} does not exist, a warning will be issued,
-a fresh unused \PDF\ object will be generated, and \type{\pdfpageref}
-will expand to that object number.
-
-\Eg, if the dictionary for page~5 of the \TEX\ document is contained in
-\PDF\ object no.~18, \tex{pdfpageref5} expands to the number 18.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfomitprocset} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfomitprocset}}
-
-If this primitive parameter is zero (the default), the \type{/ProcSet}
-array is included if \type{\pdfmajorversion} is~1, and omitted if
-\type{\pdfmajorversion}$\,\ge\,2$. If this parameter is $>0$,
-\type{/ProcSet} is always omitted. And if it is $<0$, \type{/ProcSet} is
-always included. For information about what \type{/ProcSet} is, see the
-\PDFReference\ or other documentation.
-
-\type{\ProcSet} was considered obsolete as of \PDF~1.4, but conforming
-writers should continue to output it. It was formally deprecated in
-\PDF~2.0.\introduced{1.40.25}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Form XObjects}
-
-The next three primitives support a \PDF\ feature called \quote {object
-reuse} in \PDFTEX. The idea is first to create a `form XObject' in
-\PDF. The content of this object corresponds to the content of a \TEX\
-box; it can contain pictures and references to other form XObjects
-as well. After creation, the form XObject can be used multiple times
-by simply referring to its object number. This feature can be useful
-for large documents with many similar elements, as it can reduce the
-duplication of identical objects.
-
-These commands behave similarly to \type{\pdfobj}, \type{\pdfrefobj}
-and \type{\pdflastobj}, but instead of taking raw \PDF\ code, they handle
-text typeset by \TEX.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfxform} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{resources spec}} \Something{box number}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfxform}}
-
-This command creates a form XObject corresponding to the contents of the
-box \Something{box number}. The box can contain other raw objects, form
-XObjects, or images as well. It can however {\em not} contain annotations
-because they are laid out on a separate layer, are positioned absolutely,
-and have dedicated housekeeping. \type{\pdfxform} makes the box void,
-as \type{\box} does.
-
-When \Something{attr spec} is given, the text will be written
-as additional attribute into the form XObject dictionary. The
-\Something{resources spec} is similar, but the text will be added
-to the resources dictionary of the form XObject. The text given by
-\Something{attr spec} or \Something{resources spec} is written before
-other entries of the form dictionary and|/|or the resources dictionary
-and takes priority over later ones.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrefxform} \Something{object number}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrefxform}}
-
-The form XObject is kept in memory and will be written to the \PDF\
-output only when its object number is referred to by \type{\pdfrefxform}
-or when \type{\pdfxform} is preceded by \type{\immediate}. Nothing is
-appended to the list being built. The number of the most recently created
-form XObject is accessible via \type{\pdflastxform}.
-
-When issued, \type{\pdfrefxform} appends a whatsit node to the list being
-built. When the whatsit node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will
-write the form \Something{object number} to the \PDF\ output if it is
-not written yet.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastxform} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastxform}}
-
-The object number of the most recently created form XObject is accessible
-via \type{\pdflastxform}.
-
-As said, this feature can be used for reusing information. This mechanism
-also plays a role in typesetting fill||in forms. Such widgets sometimes
-depends on visuals that show up on user request, but are hidden otherwise.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfxformname} \Something{object number}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfxformname}}
-
-In \PDF\ files produced by \PDFTEX\ one can recognize a form Xobject by
-the prefix~\type{/Fm} followed by a number, for instance \type{/Fm2}.
-For a given form XObject number, this primitive expands to the number in
-the corresponding form XObject name. \Eg, if \type{/Fm2} corresponds to
-some form XObject with object number 7, the \type{\pdfxformname7}
-expands to the number~\type{2}. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Graphics inclusion}
-
-\PDF\ provides a mechanism for embedding graphic and textual objects: form
-XObjects. In \PDFTEX\ this mechanism is accessed by means of \type{\pdfxform},
-\type{\pdflastxform} and \type{\pdfrefxform}. A special kind of XObjects
-are bitmap graphics and for manipulating them similar commands are provided.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfximage}
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{page spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{colorspace spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{pdf box spec}}
- \Something{general text}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}
-}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfximage}}
-
-This command creates an image object. The dimensions of the image can be
-controlled via \Something{rule spec}\unkern. The default values are zero
-for depth and \quote {running} for height and width. If all of them are
-given, the image will be scaled to fit the specified values. If some
-(but not all) are given, the rest will be set to a value corresponding
-to the remaining ones so as to make the image size to yield the same
-proportion of $width : (height+depth)$ as the original image size, where
-depth is treated as zero. If none are given then the image will take its
-natural size.
-
-An image inserted at its natural size often has a resolution of \type
-{\pdfimageresolution} (see below) given in dots per inch in the output
-file, but some images may contain data specifying the image resolution,
-and in such a case the image will be scaled to the correct
-resolution. The dimensions of an image can be accessed by enclosing the
-\type{\pdfrefximage} command to a box and checking the dimensions of the
-box:
-
-\starttyping
-\setbox0=\hbox{\pdfximage{somefile.png}\pdfrefximage\pdflastximage}
-\stoptyping
-
-Now we can use \type{\wd0} and \type{\ht0} to question the natural size of
-the image as determined by \PDFTEX. When dimensions are specified before the
-\type{{somefile.png}}, the graphic is scaled to fit these. Note that, unlike
-\eg\ the original \type{\input} primitive, the filename is supplied between
-braces.
-
-The image type is specified by the extension of the given file name:
-\type{.png} stands for \PNG\ image, \type{.jpg} (or \type{.jpeg}) for
-\JPEG, \type{.jbig2} (preferred, but \type{.jb2} works also) for \JBIGTWO,
-and \type{.pdf} for \PDF\ file. But once \PDFTEX\ has opened the file,
-it checks the file type first by looking to the magic number at the
-file start, which gets precedence over the file name extension. This
-gives a certain degree of fault tolerance, if the file name extension
-is stated wrongly.
-
-Similarly to \type{\pdfxform}, the optional text given by \Something{attr
-spec} will be written as additional attributes of the image before
-other keys of the image dictionary. One should be aware, that slightly
-different type of \PDF\ object is created while including \PNG, \JPEG,
-or \JBIG2\ bitmaps and \PDF\ images.
-
-While working with \PDF\ or \JBIG2\ images, \Something{page spec}
-allows to decide which page of the document is to be included;
-the \Something{page spec} is irrelevant for the other two image
-formats. Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.11 one may also decide in the \PDF\
-image case, which page box of the image is to be treated as a final
-bounding box. If \Something{pdf box spec} is present, it overrides the
-default behavior specified by the \type{\pdfpagebox} parameter, and is
-overridden by the (obsolete) \type{\pdfforcepagebox} parameter. This
-option is irrelevant for non||\PDF\ inclusions.
-
-Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.21, \type{\pdfximage} command supports
-\type{colorspace} keyword followed by an object number (user||defined
-colorspace for the image being included). This feature works for \JPEG\
-images only. \PNG s are \RGB\ palettes, \JBIG2 s are bitonal, and \PDF\
-images have always self||contained color space information.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrefximage} \Something{object number}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrefximage}}
-
-The image is kept in memory and will be written to the \PDF\ output only when
-its number is referred to by \type{\pdfrefximage} or \type{\pdfximage} is
-preceded by \type{\immediate}. Nothing is appended to the list being built.
-
-\type{\pdfrefximage} appends a whatsit node to the list being built. When
-the whatsit node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will write the image
-with number \Something{object number} to the \PDF\ output if it has not been
-written yet.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastximage} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastximage}}
-
-The number of the most recently created XObject image is accessible via \type
-{\pdflastximage}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfximagebbox} \Something{integer}
- \Something{integer} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfximagebbox}}
-
-The dimensions of the bounding box of a \PDF\ image loaded with
-\type{\pdfximage} are stored in a table. This primitive returns those
-dimensions as follows:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfximage{afile.pdf}
-\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 1 % Returns lower-left x
-\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 2 % Returns lower-left y
-\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 3 % Returns upper-right x
-\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 4 % Returns upper-right y
-\stoptyping
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastximagecolordepth}
- \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastximagecolordepth}}
-
-The color depth (\type{1} for 1-bit images, \type{2} for 2-bit images,
-and so on) of the last image accessed with \type{\pdfximage}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastximagepages}
- \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastximagepages}}
-
-This read||only register returns the highest page number from a file
-previously accessed via the \type{\pdfximage} command.
-This is useful only for \PDF\ files; it always returns \type{1}
-for \PNG, \JPEG, or \JBIGTWO\ files.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfimageresolution} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfimageresolution}}
-
-The integer \type{\pdfimageresolution} parameter (unit: dots per
-inch, dpi) is a last resort value, used only for bitmap (\JPEG, \PNG,
-\JBIGTWO) images, but not for \PDF{}s. The priorities are as follows:
-Often one image dimension (\type{width} or \type{height}) is stated
-explicitly in the \TEX\ file. Then the image is properly scaled so
-that the aspect ratio is kept. If both image dimensions are given,
-the image will be stretched accordingly, whereby the aspect ratio might
-get distorted. Only if no image dimension is given in the \TEX\ file,
-the image size will be calculated from its width and height in pixels,
-using the $x$ and $y$ resolution values normally contained in the image
-file. If one of these resolution values is missing or weird (either
-$<$~0 or $>$~65535), the \type{\pdfimageresolution} value will be used
-for both $x$ and $y$ resolution, when calculating the image size. And
-if the \type{\pdfimageresolution} is zero, finally a default resolution
-of 72\,dpi would be taken. The \type{\pdfimageresolution} is read when
-\PDFTEX\ creates an image via \type{\pdfximage}. The given value is
-clipped to the range $0..65535$\,(dpi).
-
-Currently this parameter is used particularly for calculating the
-dimensions of \JPEG\ images in \EXIF\ format (unless at least one
-dimension is stated explicitly); the resolution values coming with
-\EXIF\ files are currently ignored.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpagebox} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpagebox}}
-
-When \PDF\ files are included, the command \type{\pdfximage} allows the
-selection of which \PDF\ page box to use in the optional field
-\Something{image attr spec}\unkern. If the option isn't present, the
-page box defaults to the value of \type{\pdfpagebox} as follows:
-(1)~media box, (2)~crop box, (3)~bleed box, (4)~trim box, and
-(5)~artbox.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfforcepagebox} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfforcepagebox}}
-
-%- It is now possible to specify the pdf page box to use when including pdfs.
-% The syntax has been extended:
-% \pdfximage [<image attr spec>] <general text> (h, v, m)
-% <image attr spec> --> [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] [<page spec>] [<pdf box spec>]
-% <pdf box spec> --> mediabox|cropbox|bleedbox|trimbox|artbox
-% The default is cropbox (which defaults to mediabox), to be compatible with
-% previous versions of pdfTeX.
-% The page box specified at \pdfximage can be globally overridden with the
-% config parameter always_use_pdfpagebox and the command
-% \pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox <integer>, where 0 is the default (use
-% whatever is specified with \pdfximage), 1 is media, 2 is crop, 3 is
-% bleed, 4 is trim and 5 is artbox. This can only be set once per
-% object, i.\,e.\ the value used at \pdfximage is remembered.
-% See the PDF Reference for an explanation of the boxes.
-
-The integer primitive \type{\pdfforcepagebox} allows globally
-overriding the choice of the page box used with \type{\pdfximage}. It
-takes the same values as \type{\pdfpagebox}. The command is available
-starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0, as a shortened synonym of obsolete
-\type{\pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox} instruction, but is itself
-now considered obsolete --- a mixture of \type{\pdfpagebox} and
-\Something{image attr spec} is better.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinclusionerrorlevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinclusionerrorlevel}}
-
-This controls the behavior of \PDFTEX\ when a \PDF\ file is included
-which has a newer \PDF\ version than the one specified by
-\type{\pdfmajorversion} and \type{\pdfminorversion}. If
-\type{\pdfinclusionerrorlevel} is set to~0 (the default), \PDFTEX\ gives
-only a warning; if 1, \PDFTEX\ raises an error; if negative, no
-diagnostic at all is given.
-
-It was originally a shortened synonym of
-\type{\pdfoptionpdfinclusionerrorlevel}, which is now obsolete.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfimagehicolor} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfimagehicolor}}
-
-This parameter, when set to~1, enables embedding of \PNG\ images with
-16~bit wide color channels at their full color resolution. This
-embedding mode is defined only from \PDF\ version~1.5 onwards, so the
-\type{\pdfimagehicolor} functionality is automatically disabled in
-\PDFTEX\ if \type{\pdfminorversion}$\,<\,$5 and
-\type{\pdfmajorversion}$\,=\,$1; in this case, each 16~bit color channel
-is reduced to a width of 8~bits by stripping the lower 8~bits before
-embedding. The same stripping happens when \type{\pdfimagehicolor} is
-set to~0. If \type{\pdfmajorversion}$\,=\,$1 and
-\type{\pdfminorversion}$\,\ge\,$5, or \type{\pdfmajorversion}$\,\ge\,$2,
-the default value of \type{\pdfimagehicolor} is~1. If specified, the
-parameter must appear before any data is written to the \PDF\ output.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfimageapplygamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfimageapplygamma}}
-
-This primitive, when set to~1, enables gamma correction while embedding
-\PNG\ images, taking the value of the primitive \type{\pdfgamma} as
-well as the gamma value embedded in the \PNG\ image into account. When
-\type{\pdfimageapplygamma} is set to~0, no gamma correction is
-performed. If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is
-written to the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfgamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfgamma}}
-
-This primitive defines the `device gamma' for \PDFTEX. Values are in
-promilles (same as \type{\mag}). The default value of this primitive
-is~1000, defining a device gamma value of~1.0.
-
-If \type{\pdfimageapplygamma} is set to~1, then whenever a \PNG\ image
-is included, \PDFTEX\ applies a gamma correction. This correction is
-based on the value of the \type{\pdfgamma} primitive and the `assumed
-device gamma' that is derived from the value embedded in the actual
-image. If no embedded value can be found in the \PNG\ image, then the
-value of \type{\pdfimagegamma} is used instead.
-If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to the
-\PDF\ output.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfimagegamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfimagegamma}}
-
-This primitive gives a default `assumed gamma' value for \PNG\ images.
-Values are in promilles (same as for \type{\pdfamma}). The default value
-of this primitive is~2200, implying an assumed gamma value of~2.2.
-
-When \PDFTEX\ is applying gamma corrections, images that do not have an
-embedded `assumed gamma' value are assumed to have been created for
-a device with a gamma of 2.2. Experiments show that this default setting
-is correct for a large number of images; however, if your images come
-out too dark, you probably want to set \type{\pdfimagegamma} to a lower
-value, like~1000.
-If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to the
-\PDF\ output.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfpxdimen} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfpxdimen}}
-
-While working with bitmap graphics or typesetting electronic documents,
-it might be convenient to base dimensions on pixels rather than \TeX's
-standard units like \type{pt} or \type{em}. For this purpose, \PDFTEX\
-provides an extra unit called \type{px} that takes the dimension given to
-the \type{\pdfpxdimen} primitive. In example, to make the unit \type{px}
-corresponding to 96\,dpi pixel density (then 1\,px~=~72/96\,bp), one
-can do the following calculation:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfpxdimen=1in % 1 dpi
-\divide\pdfpxdimen by 96 % 96 dpi
-\hsize=1200px
-\stoptyping
-
-Then \type{\hsize} amounts to 1200~pixels in 96\,dpi, which is
-exactly 903.375\,pt (but \TeX\ rounds it to 903.36914\,pt). The
-default value of \type{\pdfpxdimen} is 1\,bp, corresponding to a pixel
-density of 72\,dpi. This primitive is completely independent from the
-\type{\pdfimageresolution} and \type{\pdfpkresolution} parameters.
-\introduced{1.30.0} It used to be an integer register that gave
-the dimension 1\,px as number of scaled points, defaulting to 65536
-(1\,px equal to 65536\,sp~$=$~1\,pt). Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0,
-\type{\pdfpxdimen} is now a real dimension parameter.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinclusioncopyfonts} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinclusioncopyfonts}}
-
-If positive, this parameter forces \PDFTEX\ to include fonts from a \PDF\
-file loaded with \type{\pdfximage}, even if those fonts are available on
-disk. Bigger files might be created, but included \PDF\ files are sure to
-be embedded with the adequate fonts; indeed, the fonts on disk might be
-different from the embedded ones, and glyphs might be missing.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup}
- \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup}}
-
-Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when more than one included \PDF\
-file has a so-called ``page group object'' (\type{/Group}), because only
-one can ``win'' --- that is, be propagated to the page level. Usually
-the page groups are identical, but when they are not, the result is
-unpredictable. It would be ideal if \PDFTEX\ in fact detected whether
-the page groups were the same and only gave the warning in the
-problematic case; unfortunately, this is not easy (a patch would be
-welcome). Nevertheless, often one observes that there is no actual
-problem. Then seeing the warnings on every run is just noise, and can
-be suppressed by setting this parameter to a positive number.
-\introduced{1.40.15}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Annotations}
-
-\PDF\ 1.4 provides four basic kinds of annotations:
-
-\startitemize[packed]
-\item hyperlinks, general navigation
-\item text clips (notes)
-\item movies
-\item sound fragments
-\stopitemize
-
-The first type differs from the other three in that there is a designated
-area involved on which one can click, or when moved over some action occurs.
-\PDFTEX\ is able to calculate this area, as we will see later. All
-annotations can be supported using the next two general annotation
-primitives.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfannot} \Something{annot type spec}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfannot}}
-
-This command appends a whatsit node corresponding to an annotation to
-the list being built. The dimensions of the annotation can be controlled
-via the \Something{rule spec}. The default values are running for all
-width, height and depth. When an annotation is written out, running
-dimensions will take the corresponding values from the box containing
-the whatsit node representing the annotation. The \Something{general
-text} is inserted as raw \PDF\ code to the contents of annotation. The
-annotation is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is
-searched at shipout time.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastannot} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastannot}}
-
-This primitive returns the object number of the last annotation created by
-\type{\pdfannot}. These two primitives allow users to create any annotation
-that cannot be created by \type{\pdfstartlink} (see below).
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection[linking]{Destinations and links}
-
-The first type of annotation, mentioned above, is implemented by three
-primitives. The first one is used to define a specific location as being
-referred to. This location is tied to the page, not the exact location on the
-page. The main reason for this is that \PDF\ maintains a dedicated list of
-these annotations |<|and some more when optimized|>| for the sole purpose of
-speed.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfdest} \Something{dest spec}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfdest}}
-
-This primitive appends a whatsit node which establishes a destination
-for links and bookmark outlines; the link is identified by either
-a number or a symbolic name, and the way the viewer is to display the
-page must be specified in \Something{dest type}\unkern, which must be
-one of those mentioned in \in{table}[appearance]. If \Literal{struct}
-\Something{number} is used, a structure destination is created instead of a
-regular destination, referring to the structure element defined in object
-\Something{number}. Structure destinations use a separate namespace and
-therefore may have the same identifiers as a regular destination.
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|l|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf keyword \NC \bf meaning \NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC \tt fit \NC fit the page in the window \NC\NR
-\NC \tt fith \NC fit the width of the page \NC\NR
-\NC \tt fitv \NC fit the height of the page \NC\NR
-\NC \tt fitb \NC fit the \quote{Bounding Box} of the page \NC\NR
-\NC \tt fitbh \NC fit the width of \quote{Bounding Box} of the page \NC\NR
-\NC \tt fitbv \NC fit the height of \quote{Bounding Box} of the page \NC\NR
-\NC \tt xyz \NC goto the current position (see below) \NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable
- [here][appearance]
- {Options for display of outline and destinations.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-The specification \Literal{xyz} can optionally be followed by \Literal
-{zoom} \Something{integer} to provide a fixed zoom||in. The \Something
-{integer} is processed like \TEX\ magnification, i.\,e.\ 1000 is the
-normal page view. When \Literal{zoom} \Something{integer} is given,
-the zoom factor changes to 0.001 of the \Something{integer} value,
-otherwise the current zoom factor is kept unchanged.
-
-The destination is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is
-searched at shipout time.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfstartlink}
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
- \Something{action spec}
- \Modelist{h, m}
-}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfstartlink}}
-
-This primitive is used along with \type{\pdfendlink} and appends
-a whatsit node corresponding to the start of a hyperlink. The whatsit
-node representing the end of the hyperlink is created by
-\type{\pdfendlink}. The dimensions of the link are handled in the
-similar way as in \type{\pdfannot}. Both \type{\pdfstartlink} and
-\type{\pdfendlink} must be in the same level of box nesting. A hyperlink
-with running width can be multi||line or even multi||page, in which case
-all horizontal boxes with the same nesting level as the boxes containing
-\type{\pdfstartlink} and \type{\pdfendlink} will be treated as part of
-the hyperlink. The hyperlink is written out only if the corresponding
-whatsit node is searched at shipout time.
-
-Additional attributes, which are explained in great detail in the
-\PDFReference, can be given via \Something{attr spec}\unkern. Typically,
-the attributes specify the color and thickness of any border around
-the link. Thus \typ {/C [0.9 0 0] /Border [0 0 2]} specifies a color
-(in \RGB) of dark red, and a border thickness of 2~points.
-
-While all graphics and text in a \PDF\ document have relative positions,
-annotations have internally hard||coded absolute positions. Again this
-is for the sake of speed optimization. The main disadvantage is that these
-annotations do {\em not} obey transformations issued by \type
-{\pdfliteral}s.
-
-The \Something{action spec} specifies the action that should be
-performed when the hyperlink is activated, one of (see the syntax
-rules) \Literal{user} \Something{user-action spec},
-\Literal{goto} \Something{goto-action spec},
-\Literal{thread} \Something{thread-action spec}.
-
-\startitemize
-
-\item A \Something{user-action spec} (\type{user {...}}) performs a
-user||defined action. Examples: a \URL, like
-\typ {/S /URI /URI (https://tug.org/)};
-or a named action, like \typ {/S /Named /N /NextPage}.
-
-\item A \Something{goto-action spec} (\type{goto ...}) performs various goto
-actions, and is by far the most complex action. Here is a copy of the
-syntax, for easier reference:
-
-\Syntax{
-\Something{goto-action spec} \Means %
- \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{numid}
- \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid}
- \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text}
- \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid} \Something{newwindow spec}
- \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text} \Something{newwindow spec}
-}
-
-\startitemize
-
-\item The \Something {numid} and \Something{nameid} alternatives specify a
-destination identifier.
-
-\item The \Something{page spec} alternative specifies a page number for the
-destination. In this case, the zoom factor is given by
-\Something{general text}\unkern.
-
-\item The default behavior of the \Something{newwindow
-spec} depends on the browser setting.
-
-\item A destination in another \PDF\ file can be specified with
-\Something{file spec}\unkern, in which case \Something{newwindow spec}
-specifies whether the file should be opened in a new window. A
-\Something{file spec} can be either a \type{(string)} or a
-\type{<<}\type{dictionary}\type{>>}.
-
-\item If a \Something{goto-action spec} contains a
-\Something{goto-action struct spec}, then a structure destination is
-referenced in addition to the regular destination. The form with
-\Something{general text} is used if and only if a \Something{file spec}
-is present; then the \Something{general text} should expand to a literal
-\PDF\ dictionary describing a structure destination. Otherwise, the
-\Something{numid} or \Something{nameid} directly after the
-\Literal{struct} keyword identify a destination which must have been
-created with \type{\pdfdest} \Literal{struct}\unskip.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-\item A \Something{thread-action spec} (\type{thread ...}) performs
-article thread reading. The thread identifier, \Something{numid} or
-\Something{nameid}, is similar to the destination identifier. A thread
-can be performed in another \PDF\ file by specifying a \Something{file
-spec}\unkern.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfendlink} \Modelist{h, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfendlink}}
-
-This primitive ends a link started with \type{\pdfstartlink}. All text
-between \type{\pdfstartlink} and \type{\pdfendlink} will be treated as part
-of this link. \PDFTEX\ may break the result across lines (or pages), in which
-case it will make several links with the same content.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastlink} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastlink}}
-
-This primitive returns the object number of the last link created by
-\type{\pdfstartlink} (analogous to \type{\pdflastannot}).
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflinkmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflinkmargin}}
-
-This dimension parameter specifies the margin of the box representing
-a hyperlink and is read when a page containing hyperlinks is shipped out.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfdestmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfdestmargin}}
-
-Margin added to the dimensions of the rectangle around the destinations.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsuppresswarningdupdest} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsuppresswarningdupdest}}
-
-Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when the same destination is used
-more than once. However, due to problematic macro packages, sometimes a
-document may end up producing the warning through no fault of its own,
-and fixing the macros may well not be trivial. Then seeing the warnings
-on every run is just noise, and can be suppressed by setting this
-parameter to a positive number. \introduced{1.40.13}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrunninglinkoff}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrunninglinkoff}}
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrunninglinkon}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrunninglinkon}}
-
-These commands create corresponding whatsit nodes which turn off/on
-generation of running links. Their typical usage is to turn off
-generation of running links in the header or footer of a page.
-Generation of running links is on when the shipout routine begins.
-
-The generation of running links works roughly like this: \PDFTEX\ keeps
-a stack of links created by \type{\pdfstartlink}, called
-\type{pdf_link_stack}. When writing out an hbox to \PDF, \PDFTEX\ checks
-if the nesting level of the box is the same as the nesting level of the
-top entry in \type{pdf_link_stack}; if yes that box would become a link,
-too.
-
-The whatsit nodes created by the above primitives turn off/on a flag
-which controls if a hbox being shipped can become a link, in addition to
-the previous condition.
-
-Thus, the commands must be inserted before the hbox in question. For example:
-
-\starttyping
-% (1) good:
-\hbox{\pdfrunninglinkoff
- \hbox{this is a line that would become a link otherwise}
-}
-
-% (2) bad:
-\hbox{\pdfrunninglinkoff this is a line that would become a link}
-% too late; \pdfrunninglinkoff must be inserted before the box
-\stoptyping
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Bookmarks}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfoutline}
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
- \Something{action spec}
- \Optional{\Literal{count} \Something{integer}}
- \Something{general text}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}
-}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfoutline}}
-
-This primitive creates an outline (or bookmark) entry. The first parameter
-specifies the action to be taken, and is the same as that allowed for \type
-{\pdfstartlink}. The \Something{count} specifies the number of direct
-subentries under this entry; specify~0 or omit it if this entry has no
-subentries. If the number is negative, then all subentries will be closed and
-the absolute value of this number specifies the number of subentries. The
-\Something{text} is what will be shown in the outline window. Note that this
-is limited to characters in the \PDF\ Document Encoding vector. The outline
-is written to the \PDF\ output immediately.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Article threads}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfthread} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{id spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfthread}}
-
-Defines a bead within an article thread. Thread beads with same
-identifiers (spread across the document) will be joined together.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftstartthread}
- \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
- \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
- \Something{id spec} \Modelist{v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfstartthread}}
-
-This uses the same syntax as \type{\pdfthread}, apart that it must be
-followed by a \type{\pdfendthread}. \type{\pdfstartthread} and the
-corresponding \type{\pdfendthread} must end up in vboxes with the same
-nesting level; all vboxes between them will be added into the thread.
-Note that during output runtime if there are other newly created
-boxes which have the same nesting level as the vbox/vboxes containing
-\type{\pdfstartthread} and \type{\pdfendthread}, they will be also added
-into the thread, which is probably not what you want. To avoid such
-unconsidered behavior, it's often enough to wrap boxes that shouldn't
-belong to the thread by a box to change their box nesting level.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfendthread} \Modelist{v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfendthread}}
-
-This ends an article thread started before by \type{\pdfstartthread}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfthreadmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfthreadmargin}}
-
-Specifies a margin to be added to the dimensions of a bead within
-an article thread.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Literals and specials}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfliteral}
- \Optional{\Literal{shipout}}
- \Optional{\Literal{direct} \Or \Literal{page}}
- \Something{general text}
- \Modelist{h, v, m}
- }}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfliteral}}
-
-Analogous to \type{\special} in the original \TEX, this command inserts
-raw \PDF\ code into the output, appending a whatsit node to the list
-being built. This allows support of color and text transformation, among
-other things.
-
-By default, \Something{general text} is expanded immediately, when the
-whatsit node is created, as with \type{\special}. Starting with version
-1.40.25, the optional keyword \Literal{shipout} can be used to delay
-expansion of \Something{general text} until the whatsit node is shipped
-out, as with non-\type{\immediate} \type{\write}.
-
-Normally, \PDFTEX\ ends a text section in the \PDF\ output and sets the
-transformation matrix to the current location on the page before
-inserting \Something{general text}\unkern; this can be turned off by
-giving the optional keyword \Literal{direct}.
-
-Starting with version 1.30.0, \PDFTEX\ supports the keyword \type{page}
-in addition to \type{direct}. Both modify the default behavior of
-\type{\pdfliteral}, avoiding translation of the coordinate space before
-inserting the literal code. The difference is that the \type{page}
-keyword instructs \PDFTEX\ to close a \type{BT ET} text block before
-inserting anything. This means that the literal code inserted refers to
-the \PDF\ origin (lower-left corner of the page) and can be safely
-enclosed with \type{q Q}. In contrast, using \type{q Q} operators inside
-\type{\pdfliteral} with the \type{direct} keyword will produce corrupted
-\PDF\ output, as the \PDF\ standard doesn't allow doing anything like
-this within a \type{BT ET} block.
-
-% HE: \unkern is a kludge here; wanted to have tight "{pdf:"
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\special} \Lbrace\unkern\Literal{pdf:}
- \Something{text} \Rbrace}}
-\bookmark{\tex{special}}
-
-This is equivalent to \Syntax{\Tex{\pdfliteral} \Lbrace \Something{text}
-\Rbrace}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\special} \Lbrace\unkern\Literal{pdf:direct:}
- \Something{text} \Rbrace}}
-\bookmark{\tex{special\ direct}}
-
-This is equivalent to \Syntax{\Tex{\pdfliteral} \Literal{direct} \Lbrace
-\Something{text} \Rbrace}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\special} \Lbrace\unkern\Literal{pdf:page:}
- \Something{text} \Rbrace}}
-\bookmark{\tex{special\ page}}
-
-This is equivalent to \Syntax{\Tex{\pdfliteral} \Literal{page} \Lbrace
-\Something{text} \Rbrace}.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\special} \Optional{\Literal{shipout}}
- \Lbrace\unkern \Something{general text} \Rbrace}}
-\bookmark{\tex{special\ shipout}}
-
-Starting with version 1.40.25, \PDFTEX\ extends the \type{\special}
-primitive to support the optional keyword \Literal{shipout}. This delays
-expansion of \Something{general text} until the page is shipped out, as
-with non-\type{\immediate} \type{\write}. By default, \Something{general
-text} is expanded immediately.
-
-\Syntax{\Tex{\special} \Literal{shipout} \Lbrace \unkern\Literal{pdf:}
-\Something{text} \Rbrace} is equivalent to \Syntax{\Tex{\pdfliteral}
-\Literal{shipout} \Lbrace \Something{text} \Rbrace}.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Strings}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfescapestring} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfescapestring}}
-
-Starting with version 1.30.0, \PDFTEX\ provides a mechanism for converting
-a general text into \PDF\ string. Many characters that may be needed inside
-such a text (especially parenthesis), have a special meaning inside a \PDF\
-string object and thus, can't be used literally. The primitive replaces each
-special \PDF\ character by its literal representation by inserting a backslash
-before that character. Some characters (\eg\ space) are also converted into
-3||digit octal number. In example, \type{\pdfescapestring{Text (1)}} will be
-expanded to \type{Text\040\(1\)}. This ensures a literal interpretation of the
-text by the \PDF\ viewer.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfescapename} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfescapename}}
-
-In analogy to \type{\pdfescapestring}, \type{\pdfescapename} replaces each
-special \PDF\ character inside the general text by its hexadecimal
-representation preceded by \type{#} character. This ensures the proper
-interpretation of the text if used as a \PDF\ name object. In example,
-\type{Text (1)} will be replaced by \type{Text#20#281#29}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfescapehex} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfescapehex}}
-
-This command converts each character of \Something{general text} into its
-hexadecimal representation. Each character of the argument becomes a pair of
-hexadecimal digits. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfunescapehex} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfunescapehex}}
-
-This command treats each character pair of \Something{general text} as
-a hexadecimal number and returns an \ASCII\ character of this code.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfstrcmp} \Something{general text}
- \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfstrcmp}}
-
-This command compares two strings and expands to \type{0} if the strings
-are equal, to \type{-1} if the first string ranks before the second, and
-to \type{1} otherwise. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmatch} \Optional{\Literal{icase}}
- \Optional{\Literal{subcount} \Something{integer}} \Something{general text}
- \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmatch}}
-
-This command implements pattern matching (using the syntax of \POSIX\
-extended regular expressions). The first \Something{general text} is a
-pattern and the second is a string. The command expands to \type{-1} if
-the pattern is invalid, to \type{0} if no match is found, and to
-\type{1} if a match is found. With the \type{icase} option, the matching
-is case-insensitive. The \type{subcount} option sets the size of the
-table storing the found (sub)patterns; its default is 10.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastmatch} \Something{integer}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastmatch}}
-
-The matches found with \type{\pdfmatch} are stored in a table. This
-command returns the entry for \Something{integer}, in the format
-\Something{position}\type{->}\Something{string}; \Something{position} is
-the position of the match (starting at zero) or \type{-1} if no match
-was found, and \Something{string} is the matched substring.
-
-Entry~0 contains the match as a whole; the subsequent entries contain
-submatches corresponding to the subpatterns, up to \type{subcount-1}.
-
-If \Something{integer} is less than zero, an error is given.
-
-For instance:
-
-\starttyping
-\pdfmatch subcount 3 {ab(cd)*ef(gh)(ij)}{abefghij}
-\pdflastmatch0 % "0->abefghij"
-\pdflastmatch1 % "-1->"
-\pdflastmatch2 % "4->gh"
-\pdflastmatch3 % "-1->"
-\stoptyping
-
-Entry~1 is empty because no match was found for \type{cd}, and entry~3
-is empty because it exceeds the table's size as set by \type{subcount}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Numbers}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\ifpdfabsnum} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{ifpdfabsnum}}
-
-This conditional works like the standard \type{\ifnum}, except that it
-compares absolute values of numbers. Although it seems to be a trivial
-shortcut for a couple of \type{\ifnum x<0} tests, as a primitive it is
-considerably more friendly in usage and works a bit faster.
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\ifpdfabsdim} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{ifpdfabsdim}}
-
-Analogous to \type{\ifpdfabsnum}, this conditional works like
-\type{\ifdim}, except that it compares absolute values of
-dimensions. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfuniformdeviate} \Something{number}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfuniformdeviate}}
-
-Generate a uniformly-distributed random integer value between 0
-(inclusive) and \Something{number} (exclusive). This primitive expands
-to a list of tokens. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfnormaldeviate} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfnormaldeviate}}
-
-Generate a normally-distributed random integer with a mean of~0 and
-standard deviation 65\,536. That is, about 68\% of the time, the result
-will be between $-65536$ and $65536$ (one standard deviation away from
-the mean). About 95\% of results will be within two standard
-deviations, and 99.7\% within three. This primitive expands to a list
-of tokens. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrandomseed} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrandomseed}}
-
-You can use \type{\the\pdfrandomseed} to query the current seed value,
-so you can \eg\ write the value to the log file. The initial value of
-the seed is derived from the system time, and is not more than
-1\,000\,999\,999 (this ensures that the value can be used with commands
-like \type{\count}). \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsetrandomseed} \Something{number}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsetrandomseed}}
-
-Set the random seed (\type{\pdfrandomseed}) to a specific value,
-allowing you to replay sequences of semi-randoms at a later moment.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Timekeeping}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfelapsedtime} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfelapsedtime}}
-
-Return a number that represents the time elapsed from the moment of the
-start of the run. The elapsed time is returned in `scaled seconds',
-meaning seconds divided by 65536, \eg\ \PDFTEX\ has run for
-\the\pdfelapsedtime\ `scaled seconds' when this paragraph was
-typeset. Of course, the command will never return a value greater than
-the highest number available in \TeX: if the time exceeds 32767 seconds,
-the constant value $2^{31}-1$ will be returned. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfresettimer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfresettimer}}
-
-Reset the internal timer so that \type{\pdfelapsedtime}
-starts returning micro||time from~0 again. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Files}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffilemoddate} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffilemoddate}}
-
-Expands to the modification date of file \Something{general text} in the
-same format as for \type{\pdfcreationdate}, \eg\ it's {\tt
-\pdffilemoddate {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual. As of
-version 1.40.20, if the \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and
-\type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} environment variables are both set,
-\type{\pdffilemoddate} returns a value in UTC, ending in \type{Z}.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffilesize} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffilesize}}
-
-Expands to the size of file \Something{general text}, \eg\ it's {\tt
-\pdffilesize {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfmdfivesum}
- \Optional{\Literal{file}}
- \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfmdfivesum\ file}}
-
-If the keyword \type{file} is given, expands to the \MDFIVE\ of file
-\Somethingtext{general text} in uppercase hexadecimal format (same as
-\type{\pdfescapehex}). Without \type{file}, expands to the \MDFIVE\ of
-the \Somethingtext{generaltext} taken as a string. For example, it's
-{\tt \pdfmdfivesum file {./pdftex-t.tex}} for the source of this manual.
-\introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdffiledump}
- \Optional{\Literal{offset} \Something{integer}}
- \Optional{\Literal{length} \Something{integer}}
- \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdffiledump}}
-
-Expands to the dump of the first \type{length} \Somethingtext{integer}
-bytes of the file \Somethingtext{general text}, in uppercase hexadecimal
-format (same as \type{\pdfescapehex}), starting at offset
-\type{offset}~\Somethingtext{number}, or the beginning of the file if
-\type{offset}. If \type{length} is not given, the default is zero, so
-expands to nothing. Both \Somethingtext{integer}s must be $\ge0$. For
-example, the first ten bytes of the source of this manual are {\tt
-\pdffiledump length 10 {./pdftex-t.tex}}. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\input} \Something{general text}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{input}}
-
-As of \TEXLIVE\ 2020, the \type{\input} primitive in all \TEX\ engines,
-including \PDFTEX, now also accepts a group-delimited filename argument,
-as a system-dependent extension, as in \type{\input} \Lbrace
-\type{foo.tex} \Rbrace. The usage of \type{\input} with a standard
-space/token-delimited filename is completely unchanged.
-
-This group-delimited argument was previously implemented in Lua\TEX; now
-it is available in all engines. \ASCII\ double quote characters
-(\type{"}) are removed from the filename, but it is otherwise left
-unchanged after tokenization.
-
-This extension is unlike most others in that it affects a primitive in
-standard \TEX\ (\type{\input}), rather than being related to a new
-primitive, command line option, etc. This is allowed because additional
-methods of recognizing filenames are explicitly mentioned in
-\type{tex.web} as acceptable system-dependent extensions.
-
-Incidentally, this does not directly affect \LATEX's \type{\input}
-command, as that is a macro redefinition of the standard \type{\input}
-primitive.
-
-\introduced{1.40.21}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Color stack}
-
-\PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 comes with color stack support (actually any graphic state
-stack).
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcolorstackinit} \Optional{\Literal{page}}
- \Optional{\Literal{direct}} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcolorstackinit}}
-
-The primitive initializes a new graphic stack and returns its number. Optional
-\Literal{page} keyword instructs \PDFTEX\ to restore the graphic at the
-beginning of every new page. Also optional \Literal{direct} has the same effect
-as for \Tex{\pdfliteral} primitive. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfcolorstack} \Something{stack number}
- \Something{stack action} \Something{general text}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfcolorstack}}
-
-The command operates on the stack of a given number. If \Something{stack
-action} is \Literal{push} keyword, the new value provided as
-\Something{general text} is inserted into the top of the graphic stack
-and becomes the current stack value. If followed by \Literal{pop}, the
-top value is removed from the stack and the new top value becomes the
-current. \Literal{set} keyword replaces the current value with
-\Something{general text} without changing the stack size.
-\Literal{current} keyword instructs just to use the current stack value
-without modifying the stack at all. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Transformations}
-
-Since the content of \Tex{\pdfliteral} is not interpreted anyhow, any
-transformation inserted directly into the content stream, as well as saving
-and restoring the current transformation matrix, remains unnoticed by
-\PDFTEX\ positioning mechanism. As a consequence, links and other annotations
-(that are formed in \PDF\ as different layer then the page content) are not
-affected by such user-defined transformations. \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 solves this
-problem with three new primitives.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsetmatrix}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsetmatrix}}
-
-Afine transformations are normally expressed with six numbers. First
-four (no unit) values defining scaling, rotating and skewing, plus two
-extra dimensions for shifting. Since the translation is handled by \TeX\
-itself, \Tex{\pdfsetmatrix} primitive expects as an argument a string
-containing just the first four numbers of the transformation separated
-by a space and assumes two position coordinates to be~0. In example,
-\type{\pdfsetmatrix{0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87}} rotates the current space by 30
-degrees, inserting \type{0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87 0 0 cm} into the content
-stream. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsave}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsave}}
-
-The command saves the current transformation by inserting \type{q}
-operator into the content stream. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfrestore}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfrestore}}
-
-The command restores previously saved transformation by inserting \type{Q}
-operator into the content stream. One should keep in mind that \Tex{\pdfsave}
-and \Tex{\pdfrestore} pairs should always be properly nested and should start
-and end at the same group level. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Macro programming}
-
-Expansion-related.
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex {expanded} \Something{tokens}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{expanded}}
-
-Expands \Something{tokens} in exactly the same way as \type{\message}.
-In contrast to \type{\edef}, macro parameter characters do not need to
-be doubled. \type{\protected} macros are not expanded.
-\introduced{1.40.20}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex {ifincsname} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{ifincsname}}
-
-This conditional is true if evaluated inside \type{\csname ... \endcsname},
-and false otherwise.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex {ifpdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{ifpdfprimitive}}
-
-This condition checks if the following control sequence has its
-primitive meaning. If it has, \type{\ifpdfprimitive} returns true. In
-any other case (redefined, made \type{\undefined}, has never been
-primitive) false is returned. \introduced{1.40.0}
-
-
-flapping\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex{partokencontext} \Something{number}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{partokencontext}}
-
-The {\em par-token} (i.e., the token with the name given by
-\type{\partokenname}, or \type{\par} by default; see
-\type{\partokenname}, next) is inserted into the input stream in
-different places, according to the \type{\partokencontext} value. This
-value can be:
-
-0: {\em par-token} is inserted at empty lines (more exactly, when a
- token category~5 is seen in state~$N$, reading a line); before
- \type{\end}, \type{\vskip}, \type{\hrule}, \type{\unvbox}, and
- \type{\halign}, if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode when those commands
- are seen; and in various error recovery situations. These are the
- standard cases, and this is the default value.
-
-1: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
- \type{\vbox}, \type{\vtop}, and \type{\vcenter}, if \TeX{} is in
- horizontal mode at the time.
-
-2: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
- \type{\insert}, \type{\vadjust}, \type{\output}, \type{\noalign}, and
- items of \type{\valign}, again if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode at the
- time.
-
-With the default \type{\partokencontext=0}, \TEX\ behaves in its normal
-way: the situations in cases 1 and 2 are processed by a direct call of
-{\em end-paragraph} routine, with no emitted {\em par-token}.
-
-If \type{\partokencontext=1} then \TeX\ inserts the {\em par-token} in
-additional cases: when vertical boxes are completed but horizontal mode
-is not finished. Since vboxes are not uncommonly inserted directly by
-users, with horizontal mode material, this allows macro programmers to
-control all such boxes being finished by a {\em par-token}. An example:
-
-\starttyping
-\partokenname\_mypar
-\partokencontext=1
-\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
-\vbox{Vbox text.}
-\stoptyping
-
-This will output ``\type{Hi there!''}\ after ``\type{Vbox text.}''.
-
-Finally, with \type{\partokencontext=2}, all cases where classical \TeX\
-uses the direct {\em end-paragraph} routine are changed to emit the {\em
-par-token} instead. In contrast to case~1, these commands are rarely
-invoked directly by users with horizontal mode material.
-
-The setting of the register \type{\partokencontext} is local.
-\introduced{1.40.24}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex{partokenname} \Something{control sequence}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{partokenname}}
-
-\TeX{} internally inserts a control sequence, named \type{\par} by
-default, into the input stream at empty lines, the end of vboxes, and
-various other places (see \type{\partokencontext}, above). Let's call this
-control sequence the {\em par-token}.
-
-Executing \type{\partokenname}\Something{control-sequence} changes the
-name of the {\em par-token} from \type{\par} to the given
-\Something{control-sequence}. The setting performed by
-\type{\partokenname} is global.
-
-This makes it possible to release the name \type{\par} to the ``user's
-name space'', i.e., after \type{\partokenname}, users can define and use
-\type{\par} as they wish without changing the behavior of anything
-internal to \TeX{}. For example:
-
-\starttyping
-\catcode`\_=11
-\partokenname\_mypar % use \_mypar at user level
-\let\_mypar=\par % make \_mypar equivalent to built-in \par
-%
-\def\par{some random text} % redefine \par
-%
-Hello world.
-
-Goodbye.
-\end
-\stoptyping
-
-This will not output ``\type{some random text}'' (the definition of
-\type{\par}), due to the \type{\partokenname} setting.
-
-By default, the meaning of the {\em par-token} is to end a paragraph
-(also named as \type{\endgraf} in the plain \TEX\ format). It can be
-changed as usual with, for example, \type{\def}. Naturally, it is the
-control sequence name given to \type{\partokenname} that must be
-redefined. Continuing the previous example (prior to the \type{\end}):
-
-\starttyping
-\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
-Paragraph one.
-
-Paragraph two.\let\_mypar=\endgraf
-\stoptyping
-
-This will output ``\type{Hi there!''}\ after ``\type{Paragraph one.}'',
-before ending the paragraph.
-
-Another behavior of the {\em par-token} built into \TEX\ is that macros
-not defined as \type{\long} cause the error ``runaway argument'' if the
-{\em par-token} is scanned as a parameter. After
-\type{\setpartokenname}, it will be the new control sequence name that
-triggers this error, not \type{\par}. For example (still continuing the
-same example):
-
-\starttyping
-\def\amac#1{}
-\amac{long test, no error: \par}
-\amac{long test, gives error: \_mypar}
-\stoptyping
-
-\introduced{1.40.24}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex {pdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfprimitive}}
-
-This command executes the primitive meaning of the following control
-sequence, regardless of whether the control sequence has been redefined
-or made undefined. If the primitive was expandable, \type{\pdfprimitive}
-expands also. On the other hand, if the following control sequence never
-was a primitive, nothing happens and no error is raised. (In some
-versions of \PDFTEX\ prior to 1.40.19, an error was wrongly given.)
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Typesetting}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfinsertht} \Something{integer}
- \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfinsertht}}
-
-If \Something{integer} is the number of an insertion class, this command
-returns the height of the corresponding box at the current time.
-For instance, the following returns \type{12pt} in plain \TEX:
-
-\starttyping
-Abc\footnote*{Whatever.}\par
-\pdfinsertht\footins
-\stoptyping
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastxpos} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastxpos}}
-
-This primitive returns an integer number representing the absolute $x$
-coordinate of the last point marked by \type{\pdfsavepos}. The unit is
-`scaled points' (sp).
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdflastypos} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdflastypos}}
-
-Completely analogous to \type{\pdflastxpos}, returning the $y$ coordinate.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfsavepos} \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfsavepos}}
-
-This primitive marks the current absolute ($x,y$) position on the
-media, with the reference point in the lower left corner. It is active
-only during page shipout, when the page is finally assembled. The
-position coordinates can then be retrieved by the \type{\pdflastxpos}
-and \type{\pdflastypos} primitives, and \eg\ written out to some
-auxiliary file. The coordinates can be used only after the current
-\type{\shipout} has been finalized, therefore normally two \PDFTEX\
-runs are required to utilize these primitives. Starting with
-\PDFTEX\ 1.40.0, this mechanism can be used also while running
-in \DVI\ mode.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\quitvmode}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{quitvmode}}
-
-The primitive instructs \PDFTEX\ to quit vertical mode and start
-typesetting a paragraph. Thus, \type{\quitvmode} has the same basic
-effect as the \type{\leavevmode} macro from \type{plain.tex}. However,
-\type{\leavevmode} expands the \type{\everypar} tokens list, which may
-or may not be desired. \type{\quitvmode} does not expand
-\type{\everypar}. \introduced{1.21a}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\vadjust}
- \Optional{\Something{pre spec}}
- \Something{filler}
- \Lbrace \Something{vertical mode material} \Rbrace
- \Modelist{h, m}
-}}
-\bookmark{\tex{vadjust}}
-
-The \type{\vadjust} implementation of \PDFTEX\ adds an optional
-qualifier \Something{pre spec}, which is simply the string \type{pre}, to
-the original \TEX\ primitive with the same name. If
-no \type{pre} is given, \type{\vadjust} behaves exactly as the original
-(see {\em The \TEX book}, p.~281): it appends an adjustment item created
-from \Something{vertical mode material} to the current list {\em after}
-the line in which \type{\vadjust} appears. In contrast, with the qualifier
-\type{pre}, the adjustment item is put {\em before} the line in which
-\type{\vadjust pre} appears.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Tracing}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\tracinglostchars} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{tracinglostchars}}
-
-This primitive parameter has always been part of \TEX, and its operation
-with values $\le2$ is unchanged. In addition, if its value is
-$\ge3$, then \quote{Missing character} reports become full errors
-(ordinarily they are only logged), and the character code is reported in
-hex. For example:
-
-\starttyping
-\tracinglostchars=3
-\font\x=logo10 \x \char99 \end
-\stoptyping
-
-will result in this error message:
-\starttyping
-! Missing character: There is no c ("63) in font logo10.
-\stoptyping
-
-(The \type{logo10} font only defines the capital letters used in the
-\METAFONT\ and \METAPOST\ logos, so there is no lowercase.)
-
-This new behavior is essentially the same in all \TeX\ engines except
-the original \TEX\ and \eTeX, where the behavior of
-\type{\tracinglostchars} remains unchanged.
-
-\introduced{1.40.22}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\tracingstacklevels} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{tracingstacklevels}}
-
-If this primitive parameter is $>0$, and \type{\tracingmacros}$\,>0$,
-macro expansion logging is truncated at the specified depth. Also, and
-more importantly, each relevant log line is given a prefix beginning
-with \type{~}, either followed by a \type{.} character for each
-expansion level or only another \type{~} if the expansion was truncated.
-For example:
-
-\starttyping
-\tracingmacros=1 % so macro expansion is logged at all
-\tracingstacklevels=2 % cut off at level 2
-\def\a#1{\relax} % argument to show parameter logging is affected too
-\def\b#1{\a{#1}}
-\b1
-\stoptyping
-
-\noindent logs the following:
-
-\starttyping
-~.\b #1->\a {#1}
-#1<-1
-~~\a
-\stoptyping
-
-Thus, the expansion of \type{\b} is logged normally, with the addition
-of the \type{~.} prefix. The expansion of \type{\a} is truncated
-(level~2), hence neither the parameters nor body expansion are shown.
-
-Furthermore, an \type{\input} file counts as an expansion level, and the
-input filename is logged. So, if we add this to our example above:
-\starttyping
-\input anotherfile
-\stoptyping
-
-where \type{anotherfile.tex} simply contains \type{\b2}, the log will
-get:
-
-\starttyping
-~.INPUT anotherfile.tex
-~~\b
-~~\a
-\stoptyping
-
-Now the \type{\b} expansion is not logged either, since the expansion
-depth is higher than the \type{\tracingstacklevels} value.
-
-The intended use of \type{\tracingstacklevels} is not so much to
-truncate logging as to indicate expansion levels for detailed debugging.
-Thus normally it would be set to a large number (\type{\maxdimen}, say),
-so that everything is fully logged, with the addition of the expansion
-level indication with the number of dots in the prefix.
-
-The behavior is the same in all \TeX\ engines except the original \TEX\
-and \eTeX, where \type{\tracingstacklevels} remains undefined.
-\introduced{1.40.22}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\showstream} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{showstream}}
-
-If this primitive parameter has a value corresponding to an open output
-stream (which has been opened with \type{\openout}), then any
-\type{\show}, \type{\showthe}, \type{\showbox} or \type{\showlists}
-commands do not write output to the terminal, but instead write to the
-referenced output stream only, as if they were written with
-\type{\immediate\write}.
-
-For example:
-\starttyping
-\newwrite\myoutstream
-\immediate\openout\myoutstream="infofile"
-\showstream=\myoutstream
-% From now on, \show... commands are redirected to "infofile.tex".
-\show\TeX
-%
-\showstream=-1
-% -1 is never a open file and therefore restores
-% normal \show... behavior.
-\immediate\closeout\myoutstream
-\stoptyping
-
-This example would not generate any special output to the terminal or
-log file (except for any logging done by \type{\newwrite}. It writes
-this text to \type{infofile.tex}, including the initial blank line,
-since that is what \type{\show} does:
-
-\starttyping
-
-> \TeX=macro:
-->T\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX
-\stoptyping
-
-The behavior is the same in all \TeX\ engines except the original \TEX\
-and \eTeX, where \type{\showstream} remains undefined. \introduced{1.40.24}
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{\PDFTEX\ execution environment}
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\tex {pdfdraftmode} \Whatever{integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfdraftmode}}
-
-When set to 1 (or set by the command-line switch \type{-draftmode})
-\PDFTEX\ doesn't write the output \PDF\ file and doesn't actually read any
-images but does everything else (including writing auxiliary files),
-thus speeding up compilations when you know you need an extra run but
-don't care about the output, \eg\ just to get the \BIBTEX\ references
-right. If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is
-written to the \PDF\ output.
-\introduced{1.40.0}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfshellescape} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdfshellescape}}
-
-This primitive is~1 if \type{\write18} is enabled, 2 if its operation is
-restricted to known-safe programs, and 0 otherwise. \introduced{1.30.0}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftexbanner} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftexbanner}}
-
-Returns the \PDFTEX\ banner message, \eg\ for the version used here:
-{\tt \pdftexbanner}. \introduced{1.20a}
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftexrevision} \Whatever{expandable}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftexrevision}}
-
-Returns the revision number of \PDFTEX, \eg\ for \PDFTEX\ version
-\currentpdftex\ (used to produce this document), it returns the number
-{\tt \pdftexrevision}.
-
-
-\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdftexversion} \Whatever{read||only integer}}}
-\bookmark{\tex{pdftexversion}}
-
-Returns the version of \PDFTEX\ multiplied by 100, \eg\ for \PDFTEX\
-version \currentpdftex\ (used to produce this document), it returns {\tt
-\number\pdftexversion}.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Graphics}
-
-\PDFTEX\ supports inclusion of pictures in \PNG, \JPEG, \JBIGTWO, and
-\PDF\ format; a few differences between these are discussed below. The
-most common technique with \TEX\ |<|the inclusion of \EPS\ figures|>|
-is replaced by \PDF\ inclusion. \EPS\ files can be converted to \PDF\ by
-\GHOSTSCRIPT, Adobe Distiller or other \POSTSCRIPT||to||\PDF\ converters.
-
-The \PDF\ format is currently the most versatile source format for
-graphics embedding. \PDFTEX\ allows to insert arbitrary pages from
-\PDF\ files with their own fonts, graphics, and pixel images into
-a document. The cover page of this manual is an example of such an insert,
-being a one page document generated by \PDFTEX.
-
-By default \PDFTEX\ takes the BoundingBox of a \PDF\ file from its CropBox
-if available, otherwise from its MediaBox. This can be influenced by
-the \Something{pdf box spec} option to the \type{\pdfximage} primitive,
-or by setting the \type{\pdfpagebox} or \type{\pdfforcepagebox} primitives to
-a value corresponding to the wanted box type.
-
-To get the right BoundingBox from a \EPS\ file, before converting to \PDF,
-it is necessary to transform the \EPS\ file so that the start point is
-at the (0,0)~coordinate and the page size is set exactly corresponding
-to the BoundingBox. A \PERL\ script (\EPSTOPDF) for this purpose has been
-written. The \TEXUTIL\ utility script and the \PSTOPDF\ program that comes
-with \GHOSTSCRIPT\ can so a similar job. (Concerning this conversion,
-they can handle complete directories, remove some garbage from files,
-takes precautions against duplicate conversion, etc.)
-
-The lossless compressing \PNG\ format is great for embedding crisp pixel
-graphics (\eg\ line scans, screen shots). Since \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0 also the
-alpha-channel of \PNG\ images is processed if available; this allows
-embedding of images with simple transparency. The \PNG\ format does not
-support the CMYK color model, which is sometimes required for print media
-(this often can be replaced by four component \JPEG\ in high quality or
-lossless compression mode). Photos in \PNG\ format have a rather weak
-compression; here the \JPEG\ format is preferable.
-
-Embedding \PNG\ images in the general case requires \PDFTEX\ to uncompress
-the pixel array and to re||compress it to the \PDF\ requirements; this
-process often takes a noticeable amount of time. Since \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0
-there is now a fast \PNG\ embedding mode that goes without uncompressing;
-the image data are directly copied into the \PDF\ stream, resulting in
-a much higher embedding speed. However this mode is only activated, if
-the image array structure of the \PNG\ file is compatible with the \PDF\
-image structure (\eg\ an interlaced \PNG\ image requires uncompressing to
-re||arrange the image lines). Luckily it seems that the most common \PNG\
-files also allow fast copying. The use of gamma correction disables fast
-copying, as it requires calculations with individual pixels. Whether the
-fast copy mode is used for a \PNG\ image can be seen from the log file,
-which then shows the string `(PNG copy)' after the \PNG\ file name.
-
-The \JPEG\ format is normally used in lossy mode; then it's ideal for
-embedding photos. It's not recommended for crisp images from synthetic
-sources with a limited amount of colors. Both \JFIF\ and \EXIF\ are
-supported for additional information.
-
-The \JBIGTWO\ format works only for bitonal (black and white) pixel
-images like scanned line and text documents, but for these it has
-typically a much higher compression ratio than the other two pixel
-image formats. The \JBIGTWO\ format is part of the \PDF\ standard since
-version 1.5; native \JBIGTWO\ image inclusion is available in \PDFTEX\
-since version 1.40.0. A \JBIGTWO\ file might contain many images, which
-gives an even better compression ratio than with a single image per file,
-as \JBIGTWO\ encoders can exploit similarities between bit patterns over
-several images. Encoders for \JBIGTWO\ can operate in lossy as well as
-lossless modes. Only recently a free \JBIGTWO\ encoder has been written
-and made available, see \from[jbig2enc].
-
-Other options for graphics in \PDFTEX\ are:
-
-\description {\LATEX\ picture mode} Since this is implemented simply in terms
-of font characters, it works in exactly the same way as usual.
-
-\description {Xy||pic} If the \POSTSCRIPT\ back||end is not requested, Xy||pic
-uses its own Type~1 fonts, and needs no special attention.
-
-\description {tpic} The \quote {tpic} \type{\special} commands (used in some
-macro packages) can be redefined to produce literal \PDF, using some macros
-written by Hans Hagen.
-
-\description {\METAPOST} Although the output of \METAPOST\ is
-\POSTSCRIPT, it is in a highly simplified form, and a \METAPOST\ to
-\PDF\ conversion (\MPTOPDF, available as \type{supp-pdf.tex} and
-\type{supp-pdf.mkii}, written by Hans Hagen and Tanmoy Bhattacharya) is
-implemented as a set of macros which reads \METAPOST\ output and
-supports all of its features.
-
-The inclusion of raw \POSTSCRIPT\ commands |<|a technique utilized
-by for instance the \type{pstricks} package|>| cannot directly be
-supported. Although \PDF\ is a direct descendant of \POSTSCRIPT, it
-lacks any programming language commands, and cannot deal with arbitrary
-\POSTSCRIPT.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section[sec.addpdfkeys]{Additional \PDF\ keys}
-
-{\em This section is based on the manual on keys written by Martin
-Schr\"oder, one of the maintainers of \PDFTEX.}
-
-A \PDF\ document should contain only the structures and attributes defined
-in the \PDF\ specification. However, the specification allows applications
-to insert additional keys, provided they follow certain rules.
-
-The most important rule is that developers have to register with Adobe
-prefixes for the keys they want to insert. Hans Hagen has registered the
-prefix \type{PTEX} for \PDFTEX.
-
-\PDFTEX\ generates an XObject for every included \PDF. The dictionary of
-this object contains these additional keys:
-
-\starttabulate[|lT|l|p|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf key \NC \bf type \NC meaning \NC \NR
-\HL
-\NC PTEX.FileName \NC string \NC The name of the included file as seen by
- \PDFTEX. \NC \NR
-\NC PTEX.InfoDict \NC dictionary \NC The document information dictionary of the included
- \PDF\ (an indirect object). \NC \NR
-\NC PTEX.PageNumber \NC integer \NC The page number of the included file. \NC \NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-
-The \PDFReference\ says: \quotation {Although viewer applications can
-store custom metadata in the document information dictionary, it is
-inappropriate to store private content or structural information there;
-such information should be stored in the document catalog instead.}
-
-Although it would seem more natural to put this information in the
-document information dictionary, we have to obey the rules laid down in
-the \PDFReference. The following key ends up in the document catalog.
-
-\starttabulate[|lT|l|p|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf key \NC \bf type \NC meaning \NC \NR
-\HL
-\NC PTEX.Fullbanner \NC string \NC The full version of the \pt binary that
-produced the file as displayed by {\tt pdftex \hbox{-{}-version}}, \eg\
-{\tt\pdftexbanner}. This is necessary because the string in the
-\type{Producer} key in the info dictionary is rather short,
-namely {\tt pdfTeX-\currentpdftex}. \NC \NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-
-Any or all of these keys can be suppressed with the
-\type{\pdfsuppressptexinfo} primitive, described in
-\in{section}[sec.docinfocatalog].
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Character translation}
-
-Characters that are input to \PDFTEX\ are subject to optional
-\TEX\ character translation (\TCX) under control of a \TCX\ file.
-The \TCX\ maps the input character codes (\eg\ from \type{\input} or
-\type{\read}) to the character codes as seen by \PDFTEX. This mapping
-takes place before the characters enter \PDFTEX's `mouth'. If no \TCX\
-file is read, the input characters enter \PDFTEX\ directly; no mapping
-is done.
-
-\TCX\ files consist of lines each containing one or two integer numbers
-in the range 0..255, either in decimal or hex notation.
-% strtol() C-function
-A comment sign \type{%} in a \TCX\ line starts a comment until the
-end of line. The first number in each line is for matching the input
-character code, the second, optional number is the corresponding \TEX\
-character code. If a line contains only one number, characters with
-this code enter \PDFTEX\ unchanged; no mapping is done.
-
-\TCX\ mapping also influences \PDFTEX\ output streams for \type{\message} and
-\type{\write}. Without \TCX\ mapping, only characters that are within
-the range 32..126 are flagged as `printable', meaning that these
-characters are output directly by \type{\message} and \type{\write}
-primitives. Characters outside the range 32..126 are instead output
-in escaped form, \eg\ as \type{^^A} for a character with code
-\type{0x01}. When a character code is mentioned in the 2nd column of the
-\TCX\ file, or as the only value in a line, it is flagged as `printable'.
-During \type{\message} and \type{\write}, output characters are mapped
-in reverse direction: they are looked up in the 2nd column of the \TCX\
-file and the corresponding values from the 1st column are output. Again,
-if a \PDFTEX\ character code is found as the only number in a line, no
-mapping is done. Mentioning a character code as the only number on
-a line has the sole purpose to flag this code `printable'; remember that
-character within the range 32..126 are `printable' anyway.
-
-The characters output into the \PDF\ file, \eg\ by \type{\pdfliteral}
-or \type{\special} primitives, are not subject to \TCX\ output remapping.
-
-Beware: Character translation interferes with the \ENCTEX\ primitives; to
-avoid surprises, don't use \ENCTEX\ and \TCX\ mapping at the same time.
-Further details about \TCX\ file loading can be found in the \WEBC\
-manual.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Installation}
-
-This section describes the steps needed to get \PDFTEX\ running on
-a system where \PDFTEX\ is not yet installed. Nowadays essentially all
-\TEX\ distributions include \PDFTEX\ already as a component, such as \TEXLIVE,
-\MIKTEX, \PROTEXT, and \MACTEX. For example, the
-\TEXLIVE\ distribution comes with \PDFTEX\ versions for many \UNIX,
-\WIN, and \MACOSX\ systems; more information can be found at
-\hbox{\from[texlive].} There are also \WIN-specific distributions which
-contain \PDFTEX, under \from[win32]: \MIKTEX\ by Christian Schenk, and
-\PROTEXT\ (based on \MIKTEX) by Thomas Feuerstack. When you use any
-of these distributions, you don't need to bother with the \PDFTEX\
-installation procedure in the next sections.
-
-If there is no precompiled \PDFTEX\ binary for your system, or the version
-coming with a distribution is not the current one and you would like to
-try out a fresh \PDFTEX\ immediately, you will need to build \PDFTEX\
-from sources; read on. You should already have a working \TEX\ system,
-\eg\ \TEXLIVE, into which the freshly compiled \PDFTEX\ will
-be integrated. Note that the installation description in this manual
-is \WEBC||specific.
-
-\subsection{Getting sources and binaries}
-
-The latest sources of \PDFTEX\ are distributed for compilation on \UNIX\
-systems (including \GNU/Linux), and \WIN\ systems. The primary home
-page is \from[ptex_org], where you also find bug tracking information.
-Development sources are at \from[ptex_devel]. Precompiled \PDFTEX\
-binaries for various systems might be available in subdirectories below
-\from[ctan_systems], or via \TEX\ distribution web pages.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Compiling}
-
-The compilation is expected to be easy on \UNIX||like systems and
-can be described best by example. Assuming that the file \filename
-{pdftex.zip} is downloaded to some working directory, \eg\
-\filename {\$HOME/pdftex}, on a \UNIX\ system the following steps are
-needed to compile \PDFTEX:
-
-\startesctyping
-cd pdftex.../source
-./build-pdftex.sh
-\stopesctyping
-
-The binary \filename{pdftex} is then built in the subdirectory
-\filename{build/texk/web2c}.
-
-The obsolescent binary \filename{pdfetex} is still generated for backward
-compatibility, but since version 1.40 it is just a symbolic link to or copy
-of the file \filename{pdftex}.
-
-As well as the main \filename{pdftex} binary, binaries for the utilities
-\filename{pdftosrc} and \filename{ttf2afm} are generated.
-
-Incidentally, for \PDFTEX\ maintains, a sibling script to
-\type{build-pdftex.sh} is included, namely \type{sync-pdftex.sh}, which
-syncs changes from a \TEXLIVE\ source repository to a \PDFTEX\ source
-repository. Read the script before using it. And don't use it unless
-you understand what you read.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Placing files}
-
-The next step is to put the freshly compiled \filename{pdftex},
-\filename{pdftosrc}, and \filename{ttf2afm} binaries into the binary
-directory (\eg\ for a typical \TEXLIVE\ system, and on the appropriate
-platform) \filename{/usr/local/texlive/\rcsyear/bin/x86_64-linux}.
-
-If you're doing this into a live hierarchy, don't forget to do a
-\type{texconfig-sys init} afterwards, so that all formats are
-regenerated system-wide with the fresh \filename{pdftex} binary.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Setting search paths}
-
-\WEBC||based programs, including \PDFTEX, use the \WEBC\ run||time
-configuration file called \filename {texmf.cnf}. The location
-of this file is the appropriate position within the \TDS\ tree
-relative to the place of the \PDFTEX\ binary; on a \TEXLIVE\ system,
-\filename{texmf.cnf} is typically located either in the directory
-\filename{texmf-dist/web2c}. The path to
-file \filename{texmf.cnf} can also be set up by the environment variable
-\type{TEXMFCNF}.
-
-The configuration files in the major \TEX\ distributions (such as
-\filename{texmf.cnf} in \TEXLIVE) should already be set up for normal
-use, so you shouldn't need to edit it. You might still like to read it
-to see where the various bits and pieces are going.
-
-\PDFTEX\ uses the search path variables shown in
-\in{table}[tbl:spathvar], among others.
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|l|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf used for \NC \bf texmf.cnf \NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC output files \NC \type{TEXMFOUTPUT} \NC\NR
-\NC input files, images \NC \type{TEXINPUTS} \NC\NR
-\NC format files \NC \type{TEXFORMATS} \NC\NR
-\NC \TeX\ pool files \NC \type{TEXPOOL} \NC\NR
-\NC encoding files \NC \type{ENCFONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC font map files \NC \type{TEXFONTMAPS} \NC\NR
-\NC \TFM\ files \NC \type{TFMFONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC virtual fonts \NC \type{VFFONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC Type~1 fonts \NC \type{T1FONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC TrueType fonts \NC \type{TTFONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC OpenType fonts \NC \type{OPENTYPEFONTS} \NC\NR
-\NC bitmap fonts \NC \type{PKFONTS} \NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable[here][tbl:spathvar]
- {The principal \WEBC\ variables.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-\PathDescription {TEXMFOUTPUT} Normally, \PDFTEX\ puts its output files
-in the current directory, overridden by the \type{-output-directory}
-option. If any output file cannot be opened there, it tries to open it
-in the environment variable \type{TEXMFOUTPUT}, if that is set. There is
-no default value for that variable. For example, if \type{TEXMFOUTPUT}
-has the value \type{/tmp}, and you run \type{pdftex paper} when the
-current directory is not writable, \PDFTEX\ attempts to create
-\type{/tmp/paper.log} (and \type{/tmp/paper.pdf}, etc.)
-
-\PathDescription {TEXINPUTS} This variable specifies where \PDFTEX\ finds
-its input files. Image files are considered
-input files and searched for along this path.
-
-\PathDescription {TEXFORMATS} Search path for format (\type{.fmt}) files.
-
-\PathDescription {TEXPOOL} Search path for pool (\type{.pool}) files; no
-longer used, since the pool file (program strings) are compiled into
-the binary.
-
-\PathDescription {ENCFONTS} Search path for encoding (\type{.enc}) files.
-
-\PathDescription {TEXFONTMAPS} Search path for font map (\type{.map}) files.
-
-\PathDescription {TFMFONTS} Search path for font metric (\type{.tfm}) files.
-
-\PathDescription {VFFONTS} Search path for virtual font (\type{.vf})
-files. Virtual fonts are fonts made up of other fonts.
-Because \PDFTEX\ produces the
-final output code, it must consult those files.
-
-\PathDescription {T1FONTS} Search path for Type~1 font files (\type{.pfa}
-and \type{.pfb}). These outline (vector) fonts are to be preferred over
-bitmap \PK\ fonts. In most cases Type~1 fonts are used and this variable
-tells \PDFTEX\ where to find them.
-
-\PathDescription {TTFONTS,\hfil\break \hbox{OPENTYPEFONTS}} Search paths
-for TrueType (\type{.ttf}) and OpenType (\type{.otf}) font files. Like
-Type~1 fonts, TrueType and OpenType fonts are also outlines.
-
-\PathDescription {PKFONTS} Search path for packed (bitmap) font
-(\type{.pk}) files.
-Unfortunately bitmap fonts are still displayed poorly by some \PDF\
-viewers, so when possible one should use outline fonts. When no outline
-is available, \PDFTEX\ tries to locate a suitable \PK\ font (or invoke
-a process that generates it).
-
-\PathDescription{TEXFONTS} Fallback for all the font paths, so that if
-you want to look in a particular directory for fonts on a given run, you
-can set that one variable.
-
-Many more variables may be consulted, and there are many details to
-file name lookups. See the Kpathsea manual (\from [kpathsea]).
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection[cfg]{The \PDFTEX\ configuration}
-
-We must keep in mind that, as opposed to \TEX\ with its \DVI\ output,
-the \PDFTEX\ program does not have a separate postprocessing stage to
-transform the \TEX\ input into final \PDF. As a consequence, all data
-needed for building a ready \PDF\ page must be available during the
-\PDFTEX\ run, in particular information on media dimensions and offsets,
-graphics files for embedding, and font information (font files,
-encodings).
-
-When \TEX\ builds a page, it places items relative to the (1in,1in)
-offset from the top left page corner (the \DVI\ reference point).
-Separate \DVI\ postprocessors allow specifying the paper size (\eg\
-\quote {A4} or \quote{letter}), so that this reference point is moved to
-the correct position on the paper, and the text ends up at the right
-place.
-
-In \PDF, the paper dimensions are part of the page definition, and
-\PDFTEX\ therefore requires that they be defined at the beginning of
-the \PDFTEX\ run. As with pages described by \POSTSCRIPT, the \PDF\
-reference point is in the lower||left corner.
-
-Formerly, these dimensions and other \PDFTEX\ parameters were read
-in from a configuration file named \filename{pdftex.cfg}, which had
-a special (non-\TEX) format, at the start of processing. Nowadays such
-a file is ignored by \PDFTEX. Instead, the page dimensions and offsets,
-as well as many other parameters, can be set by \PDFTEX\ primitives
-during the \PDFTEX\ format building process, so that the settings are
-dumped into the fresh format and consequently will be used when \PDFTEX\
-is later called with that format. All settings from the format can
-still be overridden during a \PDFTEX\ run by using the same primitives.
-This new configuration concept is a more unified approach, as it avoids
-the configuration file with a special format.
-
-A list of \PDFTEX\ primitives relevant to setting up the \PDFTEX\ engine
-is given in \in{table}[tbl:configparms]. All primitives are described in
-detail within later sections. \in{Figure}[in:pdftexconfig] shows a recent
-configuration file (\type{pdftexconfig.tex}) in \TEX\ format, using the
-primitives from \in{table}[tbl:configparms], which typically is read
-in during the format building process. It enables \PDF\ output, sets paper
-dimensions and the default pixel density for \PK\ font inclusion. The default
-values are chosen so that \PDFTEX\ often can be used (\eg\ in \type{-ini} mode)
-even without setting any parameters.
-
-\startbuffer
-\starttabulate[|l|l|l|l|l|]
-\HL
-\NC \bf internal name \NC \bf type \NC\bf default\NC\bf comment\NC\NR
-\HL
-\NC \type{\pdfoutput} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \DVI \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfadjustspacing} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC off \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfcompresslevel} \NC integer \NC 9 \NC best \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfobjcompresslevel} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC no object streams \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfdecimaldigits} \NC integer \NC 4 \NC max. \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfimageresolution} \NC integer \NC 72 \NC dpi \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfpkresolution} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC 72\,dpi \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfpkmode} \NC token reg.\NC empty \NC mode set in \type{mktex.cnf} \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfuniqueresname} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfprotrudechars} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfgentounicode} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfmajorversion} \NC integer \NC 1 \NC output \PDF\ 1.4 by default \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfminorversion} \NC integer \NC 4 \NC \PDF\ 1.4 \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfpagebox} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfforcepagebox} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfinclusionerrorlevel} \NC integer \NC 0 \NC \NC\NR
-%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-\NC \type{\pdfhorigin} \NC dimension \NC 1\,in \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfvorigin} \NC dimension \NC 1\,in \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfpagewidth} \NC dimension \NC 0\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfpageheight} \NC dimension \NC 0\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-%\NC \type{\pdffirstlineheight} \NC dimention \NC -1000\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-%\NC \type{\pdflastlinedepth} \NC dimention \NC -1000\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-%\NC \type{\pdfeachlineheight} \NC dimention \NC -1000\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-%\NC \type{\pdfeachlinedepth} \NC dimention \NC -1000\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdflinkmargin} \NC dimension \NC 0\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfdestmargin} \NC dimension \NC 0\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfthreadmargin} \NC dimension \NC 0\,pt \NC \NC\NR
-\NC \type{\pdfmapfile} \NC text \NC \filename{pdftex.map} \NC not dumped\NC\NR
-\HL
-\stoptabulate
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placetable[here][tbl:configparms]
- {The set of \PDFTEX\ configuration parameters.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-\startbuffer
-\tx\setupinterlinespace
-\startframedtext
-\starttyping
-% tex-ini-files 2016-04-15: pdftexconfig.tex
-
-% Load shared (PDF) settings in pdfTeX
-
-% Enable PDF output
-\pdfoutput = 1
-
-% Paper size: dimensions given in absolute terms
-\pdfpageheight = 11 true in
-\pdfpagewidth = 8.5 true in
-
-% Enable PDF 1.5 output and thus more compression
-\pdfminorversion = 5
-\pdfobjcompresslevel = 2
-
-% Low-level settings unlikely ever to need to change
-\pdfcompresslevel = 9
-\pdfdecimaldigits = 3
-\pdfpkresolution = 600
-\pdfhorigin = 1 true in
-\pdfvorigin = 1 true in
-\stoptyping
-\stopframedtext
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placefigure[here][in:pdftexconfig]
- {\PDFTEX\ configuration file for \TEXLIVE\ (\filename{pdftexconfig.tex}).}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-Independent of whether such a configuration file is read or not, the
-first action in a \PDFTEX\ run is that the program reads the global
-\WEBC\ configuration file (\filename{texmf.cnf}), which is common to all
-programs in the \WEBC\ system. This file mainly defines file search
-paths, the memory layout (\eg\ string pool and hash size), and a few
-other general parameters.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Creating format files}
-
-\startbuffer
-\tx\setupinterlinespace
-\startframedtext
-\starttyping
-% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
-\input etex.src
-\dump
-\endinput
-\stoptyping
-\stopframedtext
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placefigure[here][in:etexini]
- {File \type{etex.ini} for the plain \ETEX\ format with \DVI\ output.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-\startbuffer
-\tx\setupinterlinespace
-\startframedtext
-\starttyping
-% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
-% This is used for pdftex and pdfetex, which are now identical:
-% both with e-TeX extensions, both with pdf (and dvi) output.
-\input pdftexconfig.tex
-\input etex.src
-\input pdftexmagfix.tex
-\dump
-\endinput
-\stoptyping
-\stopframedtext
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placefigure[here][in:pdfetexini]
- {File \type{pdfetex.ini} for plain \ETEX\ with \PDF\ output.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-\startbuffer
-\tx\setupinterlinespace
-\startframedtext
-\starttyping
-% Thomas Esser, 1998. public domain.
-\input pdftexconfig.tex
-\scrollmode
-\input latex.ltx
-\endinput
-\stoptyping
-\stopframedtext
-\stopbuffer
-
-\placefigure[here][in:pdflatexini]
- {File \type{pdflatex.ini} for the \LATEX\ format with \PDF\ output.}
- {\getbuffer}
-
-The \PDFTEX\ engine supports building formats for \DVI\ and \PDF\ output
-in the same way as the classical \TEX\ engine does for \DVI. Format
-generation (and other \type{initex} features) is enabled by the
-\type{-ini} option. The default mode (\DVI\ or \PDF) can be chosen
-either on the command line by setting the option \type{-output-format}
-to \type{dvi} or \type{pdf}, or by setting the \type{\pdfoutput}
-parameter. The format file then inherits this setting, so that a later
-invocation of \PDFTEX\ with this format starts in the preselected mode
-(which still can be overridden). A format file can be read in only by
-the engine that has generated it; a format incompatible with an engine
-leads to a fatal error.
-
-It is customary to package the configuration and macro file input
-into a \type{.ini} file. \Eg, the file \type{etex.ini} in
-\in{figure}[in:etexini] is for generating an \ETEX\ format with \DVI\
-output. It has been traditional for many years to generate
-\type{etex.fmt} with \PDFTEX\ rather than the original \ETEX, because
-\PDFTEX\ contains a few additional programming and other
-non-\PDF-related features on which people have come to rely.
-
-The \type{pdfetex.ini} file \in{figure}[in:etexini] shows the
-corresponding format with \PDF\ output by default; this is what creates
-the format file read when \type{pdftex} is normally invoked.
-
-Finally, \type{pdflatex.ini} \in{figure}[in:pdflatexini] shows how the
-\LATEX\ format with \PDF\ output by default is generated.
-
-The corresponding \PDFTEX\ calls for format generation are:
-
-\starttyping
-pdftex -ini *etex.ini
-pdftex -ini *pdfetex.ini
-pdftex -ini *pdflatex.ini
-\stoptyping
-
-These calls produce format files \filename{etex.fmt},
-\filename{pdfetex.fmt}, and \filename{pdflatex.fmt}, as the default
-format file name is taken from the input file name. You can override
-this with the \type{-jobname} option. The asterisk \type{*} before the
-file name is an unusual flag, only used in \type{-ini} mode, which
-causes the \PDFTEX\ engine to enable \ETEX's features.
-
-Incidentally, as of \PDFTEX\ 1.40.21 (\TEX\ Live 2020), \filename{.fmt}
-files are compressed with \type{zlib}. This makes for a considerable
-savings in space, and consequently in time.
-
-\subsection{Testing the installation}
-
-When everything is set up, you can test the installation. A simple test
-of plain \PDFTEX\ is:
-
-\starttyping
-pdftex story \\end
-\stoptyping
-
-This should typeset the famous one-page short story by A.U. Thor.
-
-A more thorough and descriptive test is the plain \TEX\ test file
-\filename{samplepdf.tex}, available in the distribution in the
-\type{samplepdftex/} directory. Process this file by typing:
-
-\starttyping
-pdftex samplepdf
-\stoptyping
-
-If the installation is ok, this should produce a file called
-\filename{samplepdf.pdf}. The file \filename {samplepdf.tex} is a good
-place to look for examples of how to use \PDFTEX's primitives.
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\subsection{Common problems}
-
-The most common problem with installations is that \PDFTEX\ complains
-that something cannot be found. In such cases make sure that
-\type{TEXMFCNF} is set correctly, so \PDFTEX\ can find \filename
-{texmf.cnf}. The next best place to look|/|edit is the file
-\type{texmf.cnf}. When still in deep trouble, set
-\type{KPATHSEA_DEBUG=255} before running \PDFTEX\ or use the option
-\type{-kpathsea-debug 255}. This will cause \PDFTEX\ to write a lot of
-debugging information that can be useful to trace problems. More options
-can be found in the \WEBC\ documentation.
-
-Variables in \filename {texmf.cnf} can be overwritten by environment
-variables. Here are some of the most common problems you can encounter when
-getting started:
-
-\startitemize
-
-\head \type{I can't find the format file `pdftex.fmt'!} \crlf
- \type{I can't find the format file `pdflatex.fmt'!}
-
- The format file is not created (see above how to do that) or
- is not properly placed. Make sure that \type{TEXFORMATS} in
- \filename {texmf.cnf} contains the path to \filename {pdftex.fmt}
- or \filename {pdflatex.fmt}.
-
-\head \type{Fatal format file error; I'm stymied}
-
- This appears \eg\ if you forgot to regenerate the \type{.fmt}
- files after installing a new version of the \PDFTEX\ binary.
- The first line tells by which engine the offending format was generated.
-
-\head \PDFTEX\ cannot find one or more map files (\type{*.map}),
- encoding vectors (\type{*.enc}), virtual fonts, Type~1 fonts,
- TrueType or OpenType fonts, or some image file.
-
- Make sure that the required file exists and the corresponding variable
- in \filename {texmf.cnf} contains a path to the file. See above which
- variables \PDFTEX\ needs apart from the ones \TEX\ uses.
-
- When you have installed new fonts, and your \PDF\ viewer complains
- about missing fonts, you should take a look at the log file produced
- by \PDFTEX. Missing fonts, map files, encoding vectors as well as
- missing characters (glyphs) are reported there.
-
-\stopitemize
-
-Normally the page content takes one object. This means that one seldom
-finds more than a few hundred objects in a simple file. This \PDFTEX\
-manual for instance uses approx.~750 objects. In more complex applications
-this number can grow quite rapidly, especially when one uses a lot of
-widget annotations, shared annotations or other shared things. In any
-case \PDFTEX's internal object table size will automatically grow to the
-required size (the parameter \type{obj_tab_size} for manual control of
-the object table size is now obsolete and ignored).
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\stopbodymatter
-
-%D Only abbreviations actually used will end up in the following list.
-
-\startbackmatter
-
-\writebetweenlist[section]{\blank[line]}
-
-\section{Abbreviations}
-
-In this document we use numerous abbreviations. For convenience we give
-their meanings here.
-
-\placelistofabbreviations
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\start \setupalign[nothanging,nohz]
-
-\section{Examples of HZ and protruding}
-
-In the following sections we will demonstrate \PDFTEX's protruding and
-\HZ\ features, using a text from E.~Tufte. This sample text has a lot
-of punctuation and often needs hyphenation. Former \PDFTEX\ versions
-had sometimes problems with combining these features, but from version
-1.21a on it should be ok. If you still encounter problems, please try
-to prepare a small test file that demonstrates the problem and send it
-to one of the maintainers.
-
-\startbuffer
- \input tufte
- \blank[big]
- \startcolumns
- \input tufte
- \stopcolumns
-\stopbuffer
-
-\subsection{Normal} \start \getbuffer \stop
-\subsection{HZ} \start \setupalign[hz] \getbuffer \stop
-\subsection{Protruding} \start \setupalign[hanging] \getbuffer \stop
-\subsection{Both} \start \setupalign[hz,hanging] \getbuffer \stop
-
-\stop
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\section{Colophon}
-
-This manual is typeset in \CONTEXT. One can generate an A4 version from
-the source code by typing:
-
-\starttyping
-texexec --result=pdftex-a.pdf pdftex-t
-\stoptyping
-
-Or for letter size:
-
-\starttyping
-texexec --mode=letter --result=pdftex-l.pdf pdftex-t
-\stoptyping
-
-Given that the A4 version is typeset, one can generate an A5 booklet by
-typing:
-
-\starttyping
-texexec --pdfarrange --paper=a5a4 --print=up --addempty=1,2
- --result=pdftex-b.pdf pdftex-a
-\stoptyping
-
-Odd and even page sets for non-duplex printers can be generated using
-\type{-}\type{-pages=odd} and \type{-}\type{-pages=even} options
-(which might require some disciplined shuffling of sheet).
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\page
-
-\definehead[gnusection][subsection]
-\definehead[gnusubject][subsubject]
-
-\setuphead[gnusection,gnusubject][style=\bfa,before=\blank,after=\blank,align={right,broad,nothyphenated}]
-
-\setuphead[gnusection][ownnumber=yes]
-
-\section{GNU Free Documentation License}
-
-\startnotmode[screen]
- \switchtobodyfont[6.4pt] % squeeze everything onto two pages}
- \setuplayout[grid=yes]
- \setupcolumns[n=7]
-\stopnotmode
-
-\startmode[screen]
- \setupcolumns[n=2]
-\stopmode
-
-\startcolumns[tolerance=verytolerant,distance=10pt] \widowpenalty10000 \clubpenalty10000
-
-\startlines
-Version 1.2, November 2002
-Copyright \copyright\ 2000, 2001, 2002
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-59 Temple Place, Suite 330,
-Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
-\stoplines
-
-Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
-of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
-
-\gnusubject{Preamble}
-
-The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
-functional and useful document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to
-assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
-with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
-Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
-to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible
-for modifications made by others.
-
-This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative
-works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
-complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
-license designed for free software.
-
-We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
-software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
-program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
-software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
-it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
-whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
-principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
-
-\gnusection{1}{APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS}
-
-This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
-contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
-distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants
-a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
-work under the conditions stated herein. The {\bf ``Document''}, below,
-refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is
-a licensee, and is addressed as {\bf ``you''}. You accept the license if you
-copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
-under copyright law.
-
-A {\bf ``Modified Version''} of the Document means any work containing the
-Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
-modifications and/or translated into another language.
-
-A {\bf ``Secondary Section''} is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
-the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
-publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
-(or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
-within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part
-a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
-mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
-connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
-commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
-them.
-
-The {\bf ``Invariant Sections''} are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
-are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
-that says that the Document is released under this License. If
-a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
-allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
-Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
-Sections then there are none.
-
-The {\bf ``Cover Texts''} are certain short passages of text that are listed,
-as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
-the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
-be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
-
-A {\bf ``Transparent''} copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
-represented in a format whose specification is available to the
-general public, that is suitable for revising the document
-straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
-pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
-drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
-for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
-to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
-format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
-or discourage subsequent modification by PDF viewers is not Transparent.
-An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount
-of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called {\bf ``Opaque''}.
-
-Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
-ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
-or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
-HTML, \POSTSCRIPT\ or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
-transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
-include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
-proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
-processing tools are not generally available, and the
-machine-generated HTML, \POSTSCRIPT\ or PDF produced by some word
-processors for output purposes only.
-
-The {\bf ''Title Page''} means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
-plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
-this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
-formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means
-the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
-preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
-
-A section {\bf ``Entitled XYZ''} means a named subunit of the Document whose
-title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
-text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for
-a specific section name mentioned below, such as {\bf ``Acknowledgements''},
-{\bf ``Dedications''}, {\bf ``Endorsements''}, or {\bf ``History''}.)
-To {\bf ``Preserve the Title''}
-of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains
-a section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition.
-
-The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
-states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
-Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this
-License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
-implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
-no effect on the meaning of this License.
-
-
-\gnusection{2}{VERBATIM COPYING}
-
-You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
-commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
-copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
-to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
-conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
-technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
-copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
-compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
-number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
-
-You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
-you may publicly display copies.
-
-
-\gnusection{3}{COPYING IN QUANTITY}
-
-If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
-printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
-Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
-copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
-Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
-the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
-you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
-the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
-visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
-Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
-the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
-as verbatim copying in other respects.
-
-If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
-legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
-reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
-pages.
-
-If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
-more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
-copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
-a computer-network location from which the general network-using
-public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
-a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
-If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
-when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
-that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
-location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an
-Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
-edition to the public.
-
-It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
-Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
-them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
-
-
-\gnusection{4}{MODIFICATIONS}
-
-You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
-the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
-the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
-Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
-and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
-of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
-
-\startitemize[A,packed]
-\item
- Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
- from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
- (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
- of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
- if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
-
-\item
- List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
- responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
- Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
- Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
- unless they release you from this requirement.
-
-\item
- State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
- Modified Version, as the publisher.
-
-\item
- Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
-
-\item
- Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
- adjacent to the other copyright notices.
-
-\item
- Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
- giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
- terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
-
-\item
- Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
- and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
-
-\item
- Include an unaltered copy of this License.
-
-\item
- Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add
- to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
- publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
- there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one
- stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
- given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
- Version as stated in the previous sentence.
-
-\item
- Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
- public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
- the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
- it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section.
- You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
- least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
- publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
-
-\item
- For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'',
- Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all
- the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
- and/or dedications given therein.
-
-\item
- Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
- unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
- or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
-
-\item
- Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section
- may not be included in the Modified Version.
-
-\item
- Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements''
- or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
-
-\item
- Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
-\stopitemize
-
-If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
-appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
-copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
-of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
-list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
-These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
-
-You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains
-nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
-parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
-been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of
-a standard.
-
-You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and
-a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
-of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
-Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
-through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
-includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
-by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
-you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
-permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
-
-The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
-give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
-imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
-
-\gnusection{5}{COMBINING DOCUMENTS}
-
-You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
-License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
-versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
-Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
-list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
-license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
-
-The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
-multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
-copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
-different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
-adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
-author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
-Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
-Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
-
-In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History''
-in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
-``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
-and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all sections
-Entitled ``Endorsements''.
-
-\gnusection{6}{COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS}
-
-You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
-released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
-License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
-the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
-verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
-
-You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
-it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
-License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
-other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
-
-\gnusection{7}{AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS}
-
-A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
-and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
-distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright
-resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
-of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.
-When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
-apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
-derivative works of the Document.
-
-If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
-copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
-the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
-covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
-electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.
-Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
-aggregate.
-
-\gnusection{8}{TRANSLATION}
-
-Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
-distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
-Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
-permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
-translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
-original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include
-a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
-Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
-the original English version of this License and the original versions
-of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between
-the translation and the original version of this License or a notice
-or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
-
-If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'',
-``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
-its Title (section~1) will typically require changing the actual
-title.
-
-\gnusection{9}{TERMINATION}
-
-You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
-as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
-copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
-automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
-parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
-License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
-parties remain in full compliance.
-
-\gnusection{10}{FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE}
-
-The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
-of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
-versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
-differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
-https:/\!/gnu.org/copyleft/.
-
-Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
-If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
-License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of
-following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
-of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
-Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
-number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
-as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
-\stopcolumns
-
-%***********************************************************************
-
-\stopbackmatter
-
-%D And then we're done.
-
-% Evidently ConTeXt somewhere sets \pdfgentounicode=1. Or something.
-% So insert the mappings. Seems like a good thing anyway.
-\input glyphtounicode
-\stoptext
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ca532568ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftex.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,4354 @@
+% pdfTeX manual, rewritten in LaTeX from the ConTeXt original,
+% Karl Berry, 2023. Content not significantly changed.
+% Released under the GFDL v1.2+, same as the ConTeXt version.
+%
+% Not quite tagging-ready, numerous warnings like:
+% Package tagpdf Warning: The structure Sect can not be closed.
+% and ends with:
+% ./pdftex.tex:4336: Package tagpdf Error: The number of automatic begin
+% (1351) and end (1352) ...
+%
+%\DocumentMetadata{testphase={phase-III,table}}
+\documentclass{pdftexmanual}
+\svnscan $Id: pdftex.tex 921 2024-02-02 02:14:32Z karl $
+
+%
+\title{The pdf\TeX\ user manual}
+\author{\THANH\ and others}
+\date{\PDFTEX\ \currentpdftex\\
+ \hspace*{1em}\\ \today\\
+ \hspace*{1em}\\ \url{https://pdftex.org}
+ }
+
+\begin{document}
+\hypersetup{pageanchor=false} % avoid hyperref duplicate page.1 warning
+\maketitle
+\hypersetup{pageanchor=true} % https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/18924
+\setcounter{page}{2}
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\chapter{Introduction}
+
+The main purpose of the \PDFTEX\ project is to create and maintain an
+extension of \TEX\ that can produce \PDF\ output directly from \TEX\
+source files and improve\slash enhance the result of \TEX\ typesetting
+with the help of \PDF\ output. When \PDF\ output is not selected,
+\PDFTEX\ produces standard \DVI\ output. An important aspect of the
+project is to investigate alternative justification algorithms; notably,
+the margin kerning and font expansion algorithms following the \HZ\
+micro\hyph typography algorithm by Prof.~Hermann Zapf.
+
+\PDFTEX\ is maintained by \THANH, the original author, and others. The
+\PDFTEX\ home page is \useurl{ptexorg}. Please send bug reports,
+suggestions, etc., to the mailing list (\useurl{ptexbugs}).
+
+\PDFTEX\ is based on the original \TEX\ sources and \WEBC, and has been
+successfully compiled on \UNIX, \WIN\ and many other systems. It is
+actively maintained, with great care taken to keep new \PDFTEX\ versions
+backward\hyph compatible with earlier ones.
+
+A conservative successor to \TEX, named \ETEX, was developed in the
+1990s. Since \PDFTEX\ version 1.40, the \ETEX\ extensions are compiled
+as part of the \PDFTEX\ engine and thus always available. For
+documentation on the \ETEX\ extensions, see \useurl{etexctan}.
+
+Furthermore, \PDFTEX\ itself has acquired plenty of extensions over the
+years which are not related specifically to \PDF\ output, generally new
+primitives for various features that are inconvenient or impossible to
+implement at the \TEX\ level. Many of these extensions have been adopted
+across all engines (sometimes with different primitive names or variant
+functionality), and some are required by \LATEX. Therefore, in most
+distributions \type{etex} is a link to \type{pdftex}; the difference
+being whether \DVI\ or \PDF\ output is generated by default.
+
+Other extensions are \MLTEX\ and \ENCTEX; these are also included in the
+\PDFTEX\ implementation, although they are rarely used for new documents.
+
+\PDFTEX\ does not natively support \UTFEIGHT\ input text,
+Unicode-encoded fonts, or anything else related to Unicode, as it was
+written long before Unicode became widespread. Making those changes to
+the engine now would necessarily create unacceptable incompatibilities,
+so there are no plans to do so. Thus, when using \PDFTEX, \LaTeX\ and
+other formats handle \UTFEIGHT\ (and other) input at the \TEX\ macro
+level, which works well enough in practice for most documents. It is
+also possible to use TrueType and OpenType fonts with \PDFTEX, if you
+choose an 8-bit subset to be encoded.
+
+If you need a \TeX\ engine with native support for Unicode input,
+TrueType fonts, OpenType fonts, please look into \LUATEX\
+(\useurl{luatex}) or \XETEX\ (\useurl{xetex}).
+
+\section{About this manual}
+
+This manual revision (\rcsrevision) covers \PDFTEX\ development up to
+version \currentpdftex. The primary repository for both the manual and
+the \PDFTEX\ sources is \useurl{ptexdevel}. The typeset manual in \PDF\
+format can be found on \CTAN\ in \useurl{ptexctan}.
+
+Thanks to the many people who have contributed to the manual.
+Improvements are always possible, and bugs not unlikely.
+Please send questions or suggestions via email at \useurl{ptexbugs}.
+
+\section{Legal notice}
+
+Copyright \copyright\ 1996--2024 \THANH.
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
+or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
+A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
+Free Documentation License''.
+
+\section{About \PDF}
+
+Let's start with a very brief introduction to \PDF\ format. For our
+example, the bit of \TeX\ source below (figure~\ref{fig.titlesource})
+generates the nearly-minimal \PDF\ file shown on the next page
+(figure~\ref{fig.titleout}). Since compression is disabled, such a
+\PDF\ file is rather verbose and readable. The first line
+(\texttt{\%PDF-1.4}) specifies the \PDF\ version used. \PDF\ viewers are
+supposed to silently skip over all elements they cannot handle.
+
+\begin{figure}[b]
+\bigskip
+\hrule
+\medskip
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \pdfoutput=1
+ \pdfcompresslevel=0
+ \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+ \pdfmapline{ptmr8r Times-Roman 2 <8r.enc}
+ \font\tenrm=ptmr8r
+ \tenrm
+ Welcome to pdf\TeX!
+ \end
+\end{verbatim}
+\vspace{-\baselineskip}
+\caption{This plain \TeX\ source generates \PDF\ output shown in
+ figure~\ref{fig.titleout}.}
+\label{fig.titlesource}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[p]
+% Why isn't \vsize enough?
+\includegraphics[height=1.27\vsize,alt={small PDF file}]
+ {incl/pdfmin-crop.pdf}
+\caption{The \PDF\ output for the \TeX\ source in figure~\ref{fig.titlesource}.}
+\label{fig.titleout}
+\end{figure}
+
+A \PDF\ file consists of objects. These objects can be recognized by their
+number and keywords. For example, over in the second column, we can see
+(modulo editorial line breaks):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+9 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 5 0 R >> endobj
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Here \verb|9 0 obj ... endobj| is the object capsule. The first number
+is the object number (no.~9). The sequence \verb|5 0 R| is an object
+reference, that is, a pointer to another object (no.~5). The second
+number (here a zero) is currently not used in \PDFTEX; it is the version
+number of the object. It is, for instance, used by \PDF\ editors, when
+they replace objects by new ones.
+
+When a viewer opens a \PDF\ file, it goes to the end of the file,
+looking for the keyword \type{startxref}. The number after
+\type{startxref} gives the absolute position (byte offset from the file
+start) of the so\hyph called ``object cross-reference table'' that
+begins with the keyword \type{xref}. This table in turn tells the byte
+offsets of all objects that make up the \PDF\ file, providing fast
+random access to the individual objects (here the \type{xref} table
+shows 11~objects, numbered from~0 to~10; object no.~0 is always unused).
+The actual starting point of the file's object structure is defined
+after the \type{trailer}: the \type{/Root} entry points to the
+\type{/Catalog} object (no.~9). In this object the viewer can find the
+pointer \type{/Pages} to the page list object (no.~5). In our example we
+have only one page. The trailer also usually holds an \type{/Info}
+entry, which points to an object (no.~10) with a bit more about the
+document. We can follow the thread:
+
+\begin{quote}
+\type{/Root} $\longrightarrow$ object~9 $\longrightarrow$
+\type{/Pages} $\longrightarrow$ object~5 $\longrightarrow$
+\type{/Kids} $\longrightarrow$ object~2 $\longrightarrow$
+\type{/Contents} $\longrightarrow$ object~3
+\end{quote}
+
+As soon as we add annotations, a fancy word for hyperlinks and the like,
+some more entries will be present in the catalog. We invite users to
+take a look at the \PDF\ code of this file to get an impression of that.
+
+The page content is a stream of drawing operations. Such a stream can be
+compressed, where the level of compression can be set with
+\cs{pdfcompresslevel} (compression is switched off for the title page).
+Let's take a closer look at this stream in object~3. Often (but not in
+our example) there is a transformation matrix, six numbers followed by
+\type{cm}. As in \POSTSCRIPT, the operator comes after the operands.
+Between \type{BT} and \type{ET} comes the text. A font is selected by a
+\type{Tf} operator, which is given a font resource name \type{/F..} and
+the font size. The actual text goes into parentheses \type{()} so that
+it creates a \POSTSCRIPT\ string. The numbers in bracket pairs provide
+horizontal movements like spaces and fine glyph positioning (kerning).
+When one analyzes a file produced by a less sophisticated typesetting
+engine, whole sequences of words can be recognized. In \PDF\ files
+generated by \PDFTEX\ however, many words come out rather fragmented,
+mainly because a lot of kerning takes place; in our example the
+\type{80} moves the text \type{(elcome)} left towards the letter
+\type{(W)} by 80/1000 of the font size. \PDF\ viewers in search mode
+simply ignore the kerning information in these text streams. When a
+document is searched, the search engine reconstructs the text from these
+(string) snippets.
+
+Every \type{/Page} object points also to a \type{/Resources} object
+(no.~1) that gives all ingredients needed to assemble the page. In our
+example only a \type{/Font} object (no.~4) is referenced, which in turn
+tells that the text is typeset in \type{/Font} \type{/Times-Roman}. The
+\type{/Font} object points also to a \type{/Widths} array (object no.~7)
+that tells for each character by how much the viewer must move forward
+horizontally after typesetting a glyph.
+
+More details about the font can be found in the \type{/FontDescriptor}
+object (no.~8); if a font file is embedded, this object points to the
+font program stream. But as the Times-Roman font used for our example is
+one of the 14 so\hyph called standard fonts that should always be present in
+any \PDF\ viewer and therefore need not be embedded in the \PDF\ file,
+it is left out here for brevity. However, when we use for instance a
+Computer Modern Roman font, we have to make sure that this font is later
+available to the \PDF\ viewer, and the best way to do this is to embed
+the font. It's highly recommended nowadays to embed even the standard
+fonts; you can't know how it looks exactly at the viewer side unless you
+embed every font.
+
+In this simple file we don't specify in what way the file should be
+opened, for instance full screen or clipped. A closer look at the page
+object no.~2 (\type{/Type/Page}) shows that a mediabox
+(\type{/MediaBox}) is part of the page description. A mediabox acts like
+the (high-resolution) bounding box in a \POSTSCRIPT\ file. \PDFTEX\
+users can add dictionary entries to page objects with the
+\cs{pdfpageattr} primitive.
+
+Although in most cases macro packages will shield users from these
+internals, \PDFTEX\ provides access to many of the entries described
+here, either automatically by translating the \TEX\ data structures into
+\PDF\ ones, or manually by pushing entries to the catalog, page, info or
+self-created objects. One can for instance create an object by using
+\cs{pdfobj}, after which \cs{pdflastobj} returns its number. So
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfobj { << /Type/ExtGState /LW 2 >> }
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent inserts an object into the \PDF\ file (it creates a ``graphics
+state'' object setting the line width to 2~units), and \cs{pdflastobj}
+now returns the number \PDFTEX\ assigned to this object. Unless objects
+are referenced by others, they will just end up as isolated entities,
+not doing any real harm but bloating the \PDF\ file.
+
+In general this rather direct way of pushing objects in the \PDF\ files
+by primitives like \cs{pdfobj} is not very useful, and only makes
+sense when implementing, say, fill\hyph in field support or annotation
+content reuse. We will come to that later.
+
+Of course, this is just the barest introduction to \PDF\ format. For
+those who want to learn more about technical \PDF\ details, the best bet
+is to read the \PDFReference\ (\useurl{pdfreference}).
+
+We turn now to the specifics of \PDFTEX.
+
+\chapter{Invoking \PDFTEX}
+
+\PDFTEX\ has many command line options and can use many environment
+variables and configuration file settings. Except for the simple and
+rarely-used \type{-draftmode} and \type{-output-format} options, they
+are all inherited from the common framework for \TeX\ engines as
+implemented in \WEBC\ and Kpathsea. Their documentation is available at
+\useurl{webc} and \useurl{kpathsea}.
+
+Two additional environment variables need more description here: first,
+\type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} (introduced in version 1.40.17, 2016). If this
+is set, it must be a positive integer (with one trivial exception: if it
+is set but empty, that is equivalent to 0). Non-integer values cause a
+fatal error. The value is used as the current time in seconds since the
+usual Unix ``epoch'': the beginning of 1970-01-01, UTC. Thus, a value of
+\type{32} would result in a \type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate}
+values of \type{19700101000032Z}. This is useful for reproducible builds
+of documents. (See also \cs{pdfinfoomitdate}, \cs{pdfsuppressptexinfo},
+et al.)
+
+The second, related, environment variable is \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE}.
+If this is set to~\type{1}, \TEX's time-related primitives are also
+initialized from the value of \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}. These primitives
+are \cs{year}, \cs{month}, \cs{day}, and \cs{time}. If
+\type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} is not set, setting \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE}
+has no effect. If \type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} is unset, set to the empty
+string, or set to~\type{0}, the primitives reflect the current time as
+usual. Any other value elicits a warning, and the current time is used.
+This is useful if one wants to make reproducible \PDF{}s for a set
+of documents without changing them in any way, \eg\ an operating system
+distribution with manuals that use \cs{today}. Except in such unusual
+circumstances, it is better not to set this, and let the \TEX\
+primitives retain the meaning they have always had.
+
+In addition, if both \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and
+\type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} are set, \cs{pdffilemoddate} returns a value
+in UTC, ending in \type{Z}. (The values of the environment variables are
+irrelevant in this case.)
+
+Finally, just to have the list of options and basic invocation at hand,
+here is a verbatim listing of the \type{--help} and \type{--version}
+output. All options can be specified with one or two dashes and
+unambiguously abbreviated.
+
+\myverbatiminput{incl/pdftex-help.txt}
+
+\section{Macro packages supporting \PDFTEX}
+
+Currently all mainstream macro packages offer \PDFTEX\ support, with
+automatic detection of \PDFTEX\ as engine. So there is normally no need
+to turn on \PDFTEX\ support explicitly.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item For \LATEX\ users, the \type {hyperref} package (originally
+ written by Sebastian Rahtz and Heiko Oberdiek; now maintained by
+ the \LaTeX\ team, has substantial support for \PDFTEX\ and
+ provides access to most of its features. In the simplest and most
+ common case, the user merely needs to load \type{hyperref}, and
+ all cross\hyph references will be converted to \PDF\ hypertext
+ links. \PDF\ output is automatically selected, compression is
+ turned on, and the \PDF\ page size is set up correctly. Bookmarks
+ are created to match the table of contents.
+
+\item The standard \LATEX\ packages \type{graphics}, \type{graphicx}, and
+ \type{color} also have built-in \PDFTEX\ support, which allows
+ use of color, text rotation, and graphics inclusion commands.
+
+\item The \CONTEXT\ MkII system by Hans Hagen has full support
+ for \PDFTEX\ in its generalized hypertext features.
+ The latest \CONTEXT\ supports advanced \PDF\ output, but
+ uses a engine (\LMTX).
+
+\item \PDF\ from \GNU\ \TEXINFO\ documents can be created by running
+ \PDFTEX\ on the \TEXINFO\ file, instead of \TEX. Alternatively,
+ run the shell command \type{texi2pdf} instead of \type{texi2dvi}.
+
+\item For plain \TEX\ users, the \filename{miniltx.tex} file from the
+ \type{graphics-pln} package allows loading \type{graphics},
+ \type{graphicx}, and \type{color}. \EPLAIN\ provides additional
+ support for hyperlinks.
+
+\item A modification of \filename {webmac.tex}, named \filename
+ {pdfwebmac.tex}, allows production of hyperlinked \PDF\ versions
+ of the literate source code written in \WEB, such as \PDFTEX.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+For \TeX\ developers: as \PDFTEX\ generates the final \PDF\ output
+without help of a postprocessor, macro packages that take care of these
+\PDF\ features have to be set up properly. Tasks include handling color,
+graphics, hyperlink support, threading, fonts, page imposition and
+manipulation. All of these \PDF\hyph specific tasks can be controlled by
+\PDFTEX's own primitives (a few also by a \PDFTEX\hyph specific
+\verb|\special{pdf: ...}|). Any other \cs{special} commands, like the
+ones defined for various \DVI\ postprocessors, are simply ignored by
+\PDFTEX\ when in \PDF\ output mode; a warning is given for non\hyph
+empty \cs{special} commands.
+
+When a macro package written for classical \TEX\ with \DVI\ output is to
+be modified for use with \PDFTEX, it is helpful to get some insight to
+what extent \PDFTEX\hyph specific support is needed. This info can be
+gathered, for instance, by outputting the various \cs{special} commands
+via \cs{message}. as in:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfoutput=1 \let\special\message
+\end{verbatim}
+
+or, if this leads to confusion,
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfoutput=1 \def\special#1{\write16{special: #1}}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+and see what happens. As soon as one \type{special:} message turns up,
+one knows for sure that some kind of \PDFTEX\hyph specific support is
+needed, and often the message itself gives a indication of what is
+needed.
+
+\chapter{Setting up fonts}
+
+\PDFTEX\ can work with Type~1 and TrueType fonts (and to a small extent
+also with OpenType fonts). Font files should be available and embedded
+for all fonts used in the generated \PDF. It is possible to use
+\METAFONT\hyph generated fonts in \PDFTEX---but it is strongly
+recommended not to use these fonts if an equivalent is available in
+Type~1 or TrueType format, if only because bitmap Type~3 fonts render
+poorly under enlargement.
+
+\section{Map files}
+\label{sec.mapfile}
+
+Font map files provide the connection between \TEX\ \TFM\ font files
+and outline font file names. They contain also information about
+re\hyph encoding arrays, partial font embedding (``subsetting''), and
+character transformation parameters (like SlantFont and ExtendFont). Those
+map files were first created for \DVI\ postprocessors. But, as \PDFTEX\
+in \PDF\ output mode includes all \PDF\ processing steps, it also needs
+to know about font mapping, and therefore reads in one or more map files.
+Map files are not read in when \PDFTEX\ is in \DVI\ mode. Bitmap fonts
+can (and normally should) be used without being listed in the map file.
+
+By default, \PDFTEX\ reads the map file \filename{pdftex.map}. In \WEBC,
+map files are searched for using the \type{TEXFONTMAPS} config file value
+and environment variable. By default, the current directory and various
+system directories are searched.
+
+Within the map file, each font is listed on a single line. The syntax of
+each line is upward\hyph compatible with \type{dvips} map files and can contain
+the following fields (some are optional; explanations follow):
+
+\begin{quote}
+\varname{tfmname psname fontflags special encodingfile fontfile}
+\end{quote}
+
+Here are two (real-world) examples. All the values are explained in
+detail in the following.
+
+{\small \begin{verbatim}
+cmr10 CMR10 <cmr10.pfb
+ptmr8y NimbusRomNo9L-Regu " TeXnANSIEncoding ReEncodeFont " <texnansi.enc <utmr8a.pfb
+\end{verbatim}
+\par % needed for tagging; alternative: \begin{small}...\end{small}
+ % another alternative: \AddToHookNext{env/verbatim/begin}{\small}
+}
+
+It is mandatory that \varname{tfmname} is the first field. If a
+\varname{psname} is given, it must be the second field. Similarly if
+\varname{fontflags} is given it must be the third field (if
+\varname{psname} is present) or the second field (if \varname{psname} is
+left out). The positions of \varname{special}, \varname{encodingfile},
+and \varname{fontfile} can be mixed.
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \varname{tfmname}}
+\label{sec.map-tfmname}
+
+The \varname{tfmname} field specifies the name of the \TFM\ file for a
+font---the file name given in a \TEX\ \cs{font} command. This name must
+always be given, with no extension. Examples: \type{cmr10},
+\type{ptmr8y}.
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \varname{psname}}
+
+The \varname{psname} field specifies the \POSTSCRIPT\ (or other outline)
+font name, as defined within the outline font file. Examples:
+\type{CMR10}, \type{NimbusRomNo9L-Regu}. It is highly recommended to use
+the \varname{psname} field, but strictly speaking it is optional. It has
+two main uses.
+
+First, when a \PDF\ file is embedded by \cs{pdfximage}, the
+\type{/BaseFont} names in the font dictionaries of Type~1 and Type~1C
+(CFF) fonts from the embedded \PDF\ file are checked against this {\em
+psname} field. If names match, the glyphs of that font will not be
+copied from the embedded \PDF\ file, but instead a local font is opened,
+and all needed glyphs will be taken from the Type~1 font file that is
+mentioned in the map line (see \varname{fontfile} below). By this
+collecting mechanism Type~1 glyphs can be shared between several
+embedded \PDF\ files and with text that is typeset by \PDFTEX, which
+helps keep the resulting \PDF\ file size smaller, if many files with
+similar Type~1(C) fonts are embedded. Replacing Type~1 fonts from
+embedded \PDF\ files requires that also a Type~1 font file name is in
+the \varname{fontfile} field (see below).
+
+Second, if a font file is not to be embedded into the \PDF\ output
+(\varname{fontfile} field missing), then the \varname{psname} field will
+be copied to the \type{/BaseFont} and \type{/FontName} dictionary
+entries in the \PDF\ file, so that the \POSTSCRIPT\ font name will be
+known to viewers and other \PDF-reading applications.
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \emph{fontflags}}
+
+The \emph{fontflags} field optionally specifies various characteristics
+of the font. The following description of these flags is taken, with
+slight modification, from the \PDFReference\ (the section on font
+descriptor flags). Viewers may adapt their rendering to these flags,
+especially when they substitute for a non-embedded font.
+
+The value of the flags key in a font descriptor is a 32-bit integer that
+contains a collection of boolean attributes. These attributes are true
+if the corresponding bit is set to~1. The following table specifies the
+meanings of the bits, with bit~1 being the least significant. Reserved
+bits must be set to zero.
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{cl}
+\bf bit position & \bf semantics \cr
+1 & Fixed-width font \cr
+2 & Serif font \cr
+3 & Symbolic font \cr
+4 & Script font \cr
+5 & Reserved \cr
+6 & Uses the Adobe Standard Roman character set \cr
+7 & Italic \cr
+8--16 & Reserved \cr
+17 & All-capitals font \cr
+18 & Small-capitals font \cr
+19 & Force bold at small text sizes \cr
+20--32 & Reserved \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+The first several bits specify the general type of font. All characters
+in a \emph{fixed-width} font (a.k.a.\ monospaced, typewriter) have the
+same width, while characters in a proportional font have different
+widths. Characters in a \emph{serif font} have short strokes drawn at an
+angle on the top and bottom of character stems, while sans serif fonts
+do not have such strokes. A \emph{symbolic font} contains symbols rather
+than letters and numbers. Characters in a \emph{script font} resemble
+cursive handwriting. An \emph{all-capitals} font, which is typically
+used for display purposes such as titles or headlines, contains no
+lowercase letters. It differs from a \emph{small-capitals} font in that
+characters in the latter, while also capital letters, have been sized
+and their proportions adjusted so that they have the same size and
+stroke weight as lowercase characters in the same typeface family.
+
+Bit~6 in the flags field indicates that the font's character set
+conforms to the Adobe Standard Roman Character Set, or a subset of that,
+and that it uses the standard names for those characters.
+
+Finally, bit~19 is used to determine whether or not bold characters are
+drawn with extra pixels even at very small text sizes. Typically, when
+characters are drawn at small sizes on very low resolution devices such
+as display screens, features of bold characters may appear only one pixel
+wide. Because this is the minimum feature width on a pixel\hyph based device,
+ordinary non\hyph bold characters also appear with one\hyph pixel wide features,
+and thus cannot be distinguished from bold characters. If bit~19 is set,
+features of bold characters may be thickened at small text sizes.
+
+If the \varname{fontflags} field is not given, and the font is embedded,
+\PDFTEX\ treats it as the value~4 (decimal, that is, bit position 3 is
+set), a symbolic font. For non-embedded fonts, the default value is
+\type{0x22}, a non-symbolic serif font. If you do not know the correct
+value, it is best not to specify it at all, as specifying a bad value of
+font flags may cause trouble in viewers. On the other hand this option
+is not absolutely useless because it provides backward compatibility
+with older map files (see the \varname{fontfile} description below).
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \varname{special}}
+
+The \varname{special} field specifies font manipulations in the same way
+as \type{dvips}. Currently only the keywords \type{SlantFont} and
+\type{ExtendFont} are interpreted; other instructions (notably
+\type{ReEncodeFont} and its parameters, see \varname{encoding} below)
+are ignored. The permitted \type{SlantFont} range is $-1..1$; for
+\type{ExtendFont} it's $-2..2$. The text of the \varname{special} field
+must be enclosed by ASCII double quote characters: \type{"}.
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \varname{encodingfile}}
+
+The \varname{encodingfile} field specifies the name of the file
+containing the external encoding vector to be used for the font. The
+encoding file name must have the extension \type{.enc}, and the file
+name including extension must be given with either a preceding~\type{<}
+character or a preceding~\type{<[}. The format of the encoding vector is
+identical to that used by \type{dvips}. If no encoding is specified, the
+font's built\hyph in default encoding is used. The
+\varname{encodingfile} field may be omitted if you are sure that the
+font resource has the correct built-in encoding. In general this option
+is highly recommended, and it is required when subsetting a TrueType
+font.
+
+Starting with \PDFTEX\ version 1.40.19, an encoding file can also be
+specified for bitmap \PK\ fonts. In this case, it assigns the glyph
+names from the given encoding vector, which can be used with the
+\cs{pdfglyphtounicode} primitive (q.v.). For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfglyphtounicode{ffi}{0066 0066 0069} % normally: \input glyphtounicode
+\pdfgentounicode=1
+\pdfmapline{cmb10 <7t.enc}
+\font\cmb=cmb10 \cmb ffi
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The result is a \PDF\ file with a correctly-labeled \type{/ffi}
+character instead of the numeric character position in \type{cmb10.tfm}
+(decimal 14).
+
+\subsection{Map lines: \varname{fontfile}}
+
+The \varname{fontfile} field sets the name of the font file to be
+embedded into the \PDF\ output for a given \TeX\ font; the
+\varname{tfmname}~$\leftrightarrow$~\varname{fontfile} mapping is the
+most prominent use of the \filename{pdftex.map} file.
+
+The font file name must refer to a Type~1 or TrueType font file. If the
+\varname{fontfile} field is missing, no font embedding can take place; a
+warning will be given, unless the \varname{psname} field contain one of
+the 14 standard font names. Not embedding all fonts in a \PDF\ file is
+troublesome, as this forces the \PDF\ viewer to use or synthesize a
+replacement, typically with awful results.
+
+The font file name should be preceded by one or two special characters,
+specifying how to handle the font file:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item If the font file name is preceded by a \type{<} character
+ (as in \type{<cmr10.pfb}), the font file will be only partially
+ embedded in the \PDF\ output (``subsetted''), meaning that only
+ used glyphs are written to the \PDF\ file. This is the most
+ common use and is \emph{strongly recommended} for any font, as it
+ ensures the portability and reduces the size of the \PDF\ output.
+ Subsetted fonts are included in such a way that name and cache
+ clashes are minimized.
+
+\item If the font file name is preceded by a double \type{<<}, the font
+ file will be included entirely---all glyphs of the font are
+ embedded, including even those not used in the document. Apart
+ from increasing the \PDF\ output size, this option may cause
+ troubles with TrueType fonts, so it is normally not recommended
+ for Type~1 or TrueType fonts. But this is currently the only mode
+ that allows the use of OpenType fonts. This mode might also be
+ useful in case the font is atypical and cannot be subsetted well
+ by \PDFTEX. {\em Beware: proprietary font vendors typically
+ forbid full font inclusion.}
+
+\item As of \PDFTEX\ version 1.40.0, if no special character precedes
+ the font file name, it is ignored, with a warning. You achieve
+ exactly the same \PDF\ result if you just remove the font file
+ name from the map entry. Then the glyph widths that go into the
+ \PDF~file are extracted from the \TFM~file, and a font descriptor
+ object is created that contains approximations of the font
+ metrics for the selected font.
+
+\item Specifying the {\em psname} and no font file name is only useful
+ as a last-ditch fallback when you do not want to embed the font
+ (\eg\ due to font license restrictions), but wish to use the font
+ metrics and let the \PDF\ viewer generate instances that look
+ close to the used font, in case the font resource is not
+ installed on the system where the \PDF\ output will be viewed or
+ printed. To use this feature, the font flags {\em must} be
+ specified, and it must have the bit~6 set on, which means that
+ only fonts with the Adobe Standard Roman character set can be
+ simulated. The only exception is the case of a symbolic font.
+ In these days of Unicode, these font approximations are not
+ likely to be useful.
+\end{itemize}
+
+If you encounter problematic lookups, for instance if \PDFTEX\ tries
+to open a \type{.pfa} file instead of a \type{.pfb}, you can add
+the suffix to the filename. In this respect, \PDFTEX\ completely relies
+on the Kpathsea library.
+
+For Type~1 and TrueType fonts, the font file will be included only once
+in the \PDF\ output, regardless of how many \TeX\ \cs{font} instances
+are used in the document. For instance, given
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\font\a = cmr12
+\font\b = cmr12 at 11pt
+\end{verbatim}
+
+the outline file \type{cmr12.pfb} will only be included once in the
+\PDF, and merely scaled down to create the instance for \cs{b}.
+
+If a used font is not present in the map files, \PDFTEX\ will try to use
+\PK~fonts as most \DVI\ drivers do, creating \PK~fonts on-the-fly if
+needed. This is the normal, and recommended, way to use bitmap fonts.
+
+\subsection{Map lines: summary}
+
+To summarize this rather complex story, let's look at some more example
+map lines. The most common way is to embed only a subset of glyphs from
+a font for a particular desired encoding, here~\type{8r}:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Without re-encoding it looks like this:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+cmr10 CMR10 <cmr10.pfb
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\type{SlantFont} and \type{ExtendFont} fields are specified as with
+\type{dvips}:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+psyro StandardSymL ".167 SlantFont" <usyr.pfb
+pcrr8rn Courier ".85 ExtendFont" <8r.enc <pcrr8a.pfb
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Entirely embed a font into the \PDF\ file without and with re-encoding
+(not typically useful):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+fmvr8x MarVoSym <<marvosym.pfb
+pgsr8r GillSans <8r.enc <<pgsr8a.pfb
+\end{verbatim}
+
+A TrueType font can be used in the same way as a Type~1 font:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+verdana8r Verdana <8r.enc <verdana.ttf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Finally, a few cases with non-embedded fonts. If the font file is
+missing, the viewer application will have to use its own approximation
+of the missing font (with and without re-encoding):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ptmr8r Times-Roman <8r.enc
+psyr Symbol
+\end{verbatim}
+
+In the final example the numerical font flags (bit position 6) specify
+using the Adobe Standard Roman character set, so the viewer might try an
+approximation:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+pgsr8r GillSans 32
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Not embedding fonts is rather risky and should generally be avoided. The
+recommendation these days is to embed all fonts, even the 14 standard
+ones.
+
+\section{Helper tools for TrueType fonts: \texttt{ttf2afm}}
+
+As mentioned above, \PDFTEX\ can work with TrueType fonts. Defining
+TrueType fonts is similar to Type~1. The only extra thing to do with
+TrueType is to create a \TFM\ file. There is a program called
+\type{ttf2afm} in the \PDFTEX\ distribution which can be used to extract
+\AFM\ from TrueType fonts (another conversion program is
+\type{ttf2pt1}). Basic usage of \type{ttf2afm}:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ttf2afm -e encfile.enc -o output.afm input.ttf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+A TrueType file can be recognized by its suffix \filename{ttf}.
+If no \type{-o} option is given, \type{ttf2afm} writes the output \AFM\
+to standard output.
+
+The optional \varname{encfile} specifies the encoding, which is the same
+as the encoding vector used in map files for \PDFTEX\ and \type{dvips}.
+That is, it must be an 8-bit encoding, not Unicode. If the encoding is
+not given, all the glyphs of the \AFM\ output will be mapped to
+\type{/.notdef}. If we need to know which glyphs are available in the
+font, we can run \type{ttf2afm} without any \type{-e} to get all glyph
+names. The resulting \AFM\ file can be used to generate a \TFM\ by
+applying the \filename {afm2tfm} utility.
+
+To use a new TrueType font the minimal steps may look like below, supposing
+that a map file \filename {test.map} is used.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ttf2afm -e 8r.enc -o times.afm times.ttf
+afm2tfm times.afm -T 8r.enc
+echo "times TimesNewRomanPSMT <8r.enc <times.ttf" >>test.map
+\end{verbatim}
+
+There are a limitations with TrueType fonts in comparison with
+Type~1 fonts:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The special effects SlantFont\slash ExtendFont did not work
+ before version 1.40.0.
+\item To subset a TrueType font, the font must be specified as re\hyph
+ encoded, therefore an encoding vector must be given.
+\item TrueType fonts used in embedded \PDF\ files are kept
+ untouched; they are not replaced or merged with the same font
+ used in the document, as happens with Type~1.
+\end{itemize}
+
+For much more about \PDFTEX\ and TrueType fonts, including many details
+on handling glyph names, see ``A closer look at TrueType fonts and
+\PDFTEX'', \titleref{TUGboat} 30:1 (2009), pp.~32\hyph 34,
+\useurl{thanhtruetypetub}.
+
+\chapter{\PDFTEX\ primitives}
+\label{sec.primitives}
+
+Here follows a description of the primitives added by \PDFTEX\ to the
+original \TEX\ engine (other extensions by \ETEX, \MLTEX\ and \ENCTEX\
+are not described). Many of these primitives are described further in
+the \filename {samplepdf.tex} file in the \PDFTEX\ distribution (q.v.).
+
+If the output is \DVI, then the \PDFTEX-specific dimension parameters
+are not used at all. However, some \PDFTEX\ integer parameters can
+affect \DVI\ as well as \PDF\ output (specifically, \cs{pdfoutput} and
+\cs{pdfadjustspacing}).
+
+A warning to macro writers: if you define macros whose names start with
+\cs{pdf}, you risk name clashes with new primitives that may be
+introduced in future versions of \PDFTEX.
+
+General warning: many of these new primitives, for example \cs{pdfdest}
+and \cs{pdfoutline}, write their arguments directly to the \PDF\ output
+file (when producing \PDF), as \PDF\ string constants. This means that
+\emph{you} (or, more likely, the macros you write) must escape
+characters as necessary (namely \cs{}, \type{(}, and \type{)}.
+Otherwise, an invalid \PDF\ file may result. The \type{hyperref} and
+\TEXINFO\ packages have code which may serve as a starting point for
+implementing this, although it will certainly need to be adapted to any
+particular situation.
+
+\section{Document setup}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfoutput}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfoutput} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This parameter specifies whether the output format should be \DVI\ or
+\PDF. A positive value means \PDF\ output, otherwise (default 0) one
+gets \DVI\ output. This primitive is the only one that must be set to
+produce \PDF\ output (the command-line option \type{-output-format=pdf}
+may alternatively be used); all other primitives are optional. This
+parameter cannot be specified \emph{after} shipping out the first page.
+In other words, to get \PDF\ output, we have to set \cs{pdfoutput}
+before \PDFTEX\ the first page.
+
+A simple way of making macros aware of \PDFTEX\ in both \PDF\ or \DVI\
+mode is:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined \csname newcount\endcsname\pdfoutput \fi
+\ifcase\pdfoutput DVI CODE \else PDF CODE \fi
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Using the \type{ifpdf.sty} file, which works with both \LATEX\ and plain
+\TeX, is a cleaner way of doing this. Originally, the simple test
+\verb|\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined| sufficed; but for many years, the
+\PDFTEX\ engine is used in distributions also for non-\PDF\ formats
+(\eg\ \LATEX), so \cs{pdfoutput} may be defined even when the output
+format is \DVI.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmajorversion}, \cs{pdfminorversion}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmajorversion} \Whatever{integer}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfminorversion} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Together, these two primitives specify the \PDF\ version for generated \PDF\
+output. The defaults compiled into the \PDFTEX\ program are
+\cs{pdfmajorversion=1} and \cs{pdfminorversion=4}, thus \PDF~1.4
+is generated by default.
+
+However, distributions typically alter the engine's compiled default
+minor version of~4 when building formats. For example, as of 2010,
+\TEXLIVE\ sets \cs{pdfminorversion=5} when formats are built. This is
+so object compression can be enabled (see \cs{pdfobjcompress} below).
+
+This value also defines the highest \PDF\ version for included \PDF{}s
+to be allowed without error, by default (see
+\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel}).
+
+The values for both must be $\ge1$ but are not checked further.
+Furthermore, they are set independently; setting only
+\cs{pdfmajorversion=2} would result in \PDF~2.4 output; it's
+necessary to additionally set \cs{pdfminorversion}.
+
+If specified, these primitives must appear before any data is written to
+the generated \PDF\ file. The \cs{pdfmajorversion} primitive was
+introduced in \PDFTEX\ 1.40.21. \cs{pdfminorversion} was originally a
+synonym of the \cs{pdfoptionpdfminorversion} command, which is now
+obsolete. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcompresslevel}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This integer parameter specifies the level of stream compression. Zero
+means no compression, 1~means fastest, 9~means best, $2..8$ means
+something in between. A value outside this range will be adjusted to the
+nearest meaningful value. This parameter is read each time \PDFTEX\
+starts a stream.
+
+This compression applies to text, inline graphics, and embedded \PNG\
+images (but only if they are un- and re-compressed during the embedding
+process). It is implemented by the \type{zlib} library).
+
+Setting \cs{pdfcompresslevel=0} is useful for \PDF\ stream debugging.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This integer parameter controls the compression of non-stream objects.
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+In the \PDF-1.4 specification, non-stream objects had to be written in
+the \PDF\ file as clear text, uncompressed. The \PDF-1.5 specification
+allows collecting non-stream objects as ``compressed objects'' into
+``object stream'' objects (\type{/Type/ObjStm}, see the \PDFReference,
+5th~ed., \S3.4.6). At the end of the \PDF\ file, an \type{/XRef}
+cross-reference stream is then written out instead of the object table.
+This can result in a considerably smaller \PDF\ file, particularly if
+lots of annotations and links are used.
+
+The writing of compressed objects is enabled by setting
+\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} to a value between~1 and~3; it's disabled if~0
+(default). Object compression also requires
+$\cs{pdfminorversion}\ge5$ (or $\cs{pdfmajorversion}\ge2$), else
+a warning is given and the compression is disabled. The value of
+\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} is clipped to the range $0..3$, but using
+values outside this range is not recommended (for future extension).
+
+Values for \cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} have the following effects:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item When set to~0, no object streams are generated at all.
+
+\item When set to~1,
+all non-stream objects are compressed with the exception of any objects
+coming with embedded \PDF\ files (``paranoid'' mode, to avoid yet unknown
+problems), and also the \type{/Info} dictionary is not compressed for
+clear-text legibility.
+
+\item When set to~2, also all non-stream objects coming
+with embedded \PDF\ files are compressed, but the \type{/Info} dictionary
+is still not compressed.
+
+\item Finally, when set to~3, all non-stream objects
+are compressed, including the \type{/Info} dictionary (this means that
+the \type{/Info} can't be read as clear text any more). If object streams
+are to be used, currently \cs{pdfobjcompresslevel=2} is recommended,
+and is so specified in some distributions, including \TEXLIVE~2010 and later.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\emph{Compatibility caveats:} \PDF\ files generated with object
+streams enabled can't be read with (sufficiently old) \PDF\ viewers that
+don't understand \PDF-1.5 files. For widest distribution and unknown
+audience, don't activate object stream writing. The \PDF-1.5 standard
+describes also a hybrid object compression mode that gives some backward
+compatibility, but this is currently not implemented, as \PDF-1.5 was
+rather quickly adopted by modern \PDF\ viewers. Also not implemented is
+the optional \type{/Extends} key.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfdecimaldigits}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfdecimaldigits} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This integer parameter specifies the numeric accuracy of real
+coordinates as written to the \PDF\ file. It gives the maximal number of
+decimal digits after the decimal point. Valid values are in the range
+$0..4$. A higher value means more precise output, but also results in a
+larger file size and more time to display or print. In most cases the
+optimal value is~2. This parameter does not influence the precision of
+numbers used in raw \PDF\ code, like that used in \cs{pdfliteral} and
+annotation action specifications; also multiplication items (\eg\
+scaling factors) are not affected and are always output with best
+precision. This parameter is read when \PDFTEX\ writes a real number to
+the \PDF\ output.
+
+When including huge \METAPOST\ images using \filename {supp-pdf.tex}, one can
+limit the accuracy to two digits with \cs{twodigitMPoutput}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfhorigin}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfhorigin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+This parameter can be used to set the horizontal offset of the output
+box from the top left corner of the page. A value of 1~inch corresponds
+to the normal \TEX\ offset. This parameter is read when \PDFTEX\ starts
+shipping out a page to the \PDF\ output.
+
+For all normal purposes, this parameter should always be kept at 1~true
+inch. If you want to shift text on the page, use \TEX's own \cs{hoffset}
+primitive. To avoid surprises, after global magnification has been
+changed by the \cs{mag} primitive, the \cs{pdfhorigin} parameter should
+still be 1~true inch, \eg\ by setting \cs{pdfhorigin=1 true in} after
+the \cs{mag} setting. Or, you can preadjust the \cs{pdfhorigin} value
+before typing \cs{mag}, so that its value after the \cs{mag} command
+ends up at 1~true inch again.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfvorigin}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfvorigin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+This parameter is the vertical companion of \cs{pdfhorigin}, and the
+notes above regarding \cs{mag} and true dimensions apply. Also keep
+in mind that the \TEX\ coordinate system starts in the top left corner
+(downward), while \PDF\ coordinates start at the bottom left corner
+(upward).
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpagewidth}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpagewidth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+This dimension parameter specifies the page width of the \PDF\ output
+(the screen, the paper, etc.). \PDFTEX\ reads this parameter when it
+starts shipping out a page. If magnification has been changed by the
+\cs{mag} primitive, check that this parameter reflects the desired true
+page width. When part of the page falls off the paper or screen, it's
+quite possible that this parameter is set wrong.
+
+If the value is set to zero, the page width is calculated as
+
+\[
+\hbox{\textit{width}}_{\hbox{\scriptsize box being shipped out}}
++ 2 \times (\cs{horigin} + \hbox{\cs{hoffset}}).
+\]
+It is not wise to rely on this default calculation, since box widths may
+vary unexpectedly.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpageheight}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpageheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+Similar to the previous item, this dimension parameter specifies the
+page height of the \PDF\ output; the notes above apply. If set to zero,
+the page height will be calculated analogously to the above.
+
+\section{Document info and catalog}
+\label{sec.docinfocatalog}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfomitinfodict}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfomitinfodict} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If nonzero, omit the \type{/Info} dictionary completely, as required by
+the \PDF\ A-4 standard. \introduced{1.40.25}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinfo}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinfo} \Something{general text}}}
+
+This primitive allows the user to specify information for the document
+info dictionary. Provided information can be extracted from the output
+\PDF\ by, for instance, the \type{pdfinfo} program.
+
+The \Something{general text} is a collection of key\hyph value\hyph
+pairs. The key names are preceded by a \type{/}, and the values, being
+strings, are given between parentheses. All keys, and the primitive
+itself, are optional. Possible
+keys are:\newline
+\type{/Title},\newline
+\type{/Author},\newline
+\type{/Subject},\newline
+\type{/Keywords},\newline
+\type{/Producer} (defaults to \hbox{\tt pdfTeX-\currentpdftex}),\newline
+\type{/Creator} (defaults to \type{TeX}),\newline
+\type{/CreationDate} (defaults to current date and time, with time zone),\newline
+\type{/ModDate} (same default),\newline
+\type{/Trapped} (defaults to \type{/False},\newline
+\type{/PTEX.Fullbanner} (defaults to the \cs{pdftexbanner} string, q.v.).
+
+\type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate} are expressed in the form
+\type{D:YYYYMMDDhhmmssTZ}, where `\type{D:}' is a constant string
+prefix, \type{YYYY} is the year, \type{MM} is the month, \type{DD} is
+the day, \type{hh} is the hour, \type{mm} is the minutes, \type{ss} is
+the seconds, and \type{TZ} is an optional string denoting the time zone,
+\type{Z} for universal time. For example, this is the Unix epoch, the
+beginning of 1970-01-01 UTC, in this format: \type{D:19700101000000Z}.
+If the time zone is not UTC, it is given as \type{+HH'mm'} or
+\type{-HH'mm'}, indicating an offset of the given hours and minutes from
+UTC, with the given either later (\type{+}) or earlier (\type{-}) than
+UTC. For more details, see the \PDFReference, \S7.9.4.
+
+Multiple appearances of \cs{pdfinfo} are concatenated. Usually if a key
+is given more than once, the first appearance will be used, but this is
+viewer\hyph dependent. Except for standard \TeX\ macro expansion,
+\PDFTEX\ does not perform any further operations in the
+\Something{general text} provided by the user.
+
+Here is an example of using \cs{pdfinfo} to include the
+information not supplied by \PDFTEX:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfinfo {
+ /Title (example.pdf)
+ /Author (Tom and Jerry)
+ /Subject (Example)
+ /Keywords (mouse, cat)
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinfoomitdate}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinfoomitdate} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If nonzero, omit the \type{/CreationDate} and \type{/ModDate} keys from
+the document info dictionary described above. This can be useful in
+making reproducible \PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsuppressptexinfo}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsuppressptexinfo} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This value is treated as a bit mask, specifying which \type{PTEX.*} keys
+to omit from the output:
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{cl}
+\bf value & \bf suppresses \cr
+ 1 & \type{PTEX.Fullbanner} \cr
+ 2 & \type{PTEX.FileName} \cr
+ 4 & \type{PTEX.PageNumber} \cr
+ 8 & \type{PTEX.InfoDict} \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+\noindent Thus, the value \type{-1}, setting all the bits, suppresses
+everything.
+
+\type{PTEX.Fullbanner} is included by default in the general document
+info dictionary, as mentioned under \cs{pdfinfo} above. The other
+\type{PTEX.*} keys are included when a \PDF\ is included in the document
+(and not otherwise), as described in section~\ref{sec.addpdfkeys}.
+
+This conditional suppression can be useful in making reproducible
+\PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcatalog}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcatalog} \Something{general text}
+ \Optional{\Literal{openaction} \Something{action spec}}}}
+
+Similar to the document info section is the document catalog, where
+possible keys are \type{/URI}, which specifies the base \URL\ of the
+document, and \type {/PageMode}, which determines how the \PDF\ viewer
+displays the document on startup. The possibilities for the latter are
+given in this table:
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\bf value & \bf meaning \cr
+\tt /UseNone & neither outline nor thumbnails visible \cr
+\tt /UseOutlines & outline visible \cr
+\tt /UseThumbs & thumbnails visible \cr
+\tt /FullScreen & full\hyph screen mode \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+The default \type{/PageMode} setting is \type{/UseNone}. In full\hyph
+screen mode, there is no menu bar, window controls, nor any other window
+present.
+
+After the \Something{general text} of the catalog, a construct
+\Literal{openaction} \Something{action spec} can be given, where
+\Literal{openaction} is a \PDFTEX\ keyword, and \Something{action spec}
+specifies the action to be taken when opening the document. This
+\Something{action spec} is the same as for internal links; see
+section~\ref{sec.linking}.
+
+Several settings can be made in one \cs{pdfcatalog} call, for
+example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfcatalog {
+ /PageMode /FullScreen
+} openaction goto page 2 {/Fit}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcreationdate}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcreationdate} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Expands to the date string \PDFTEX\ uses in the info dictionary of the
+document, \eg\ for this file: {\tt\pdfcreationdate}. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfnames}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfnames} \Something{general text}}}
+
+This primitive inserts the \Something{general text} to the \type{/Names}
+array. The text must conform to the specifications as laid down in the
+\PDFReference, or the document may be invalid.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftrailer}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftrailer} \Something{general text}}}
+
+This command puts its argument text verbatim into the file trailer
+dictionary. Example: \verb|\pdftrailer{/mytrlrkey /mytrlrval}|.
+\introduced{1.11a}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftrailerid}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftrailerid} \Something{general text}}}
+
+Use the \Something{general text} to seed the \type{/ID} value in the
+trailer, instead of the default combination of the input file
+name and starting time. If the argument is empty, the \type{/ID} is
+omitted entirely. Example: \verb|\pdftrailerid{}|. This can be useful
+in making reproducible \PDF{}s. \introduced{1.40.17}
+
+\section{Fonts}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfadjustspacing}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfadjustspacing} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive controls whether font expansion happens (this operation
+is described in detail at \cs{pdffontexpand}). By default,
+\cs{pdfadjustspacing} is set to~0; then font expansion is disabled, so
+that the \PDFTEX\ output is identical to that from the original \TEX\
+engine.
+
+Font expansion can be activated in two modes. When \cs{pdfadjustspacing}
+is set to~1, font expansion is applied \emph{after} \TEX's normal
+paragraph breaking routines have broken the paragraph into lines. In
+this case, line breaks are identical to standard \TEX\ behavior.
+
+When set to~2, the width changes that are the result of stretching and
+shrinking are taken into account \emph{while} the paragraph is broken
+into lines. In this case, line breaks are likely to be different from
+those of standard \TEX. Paragraphs may well become longer or shorter.
+
+Both alternatives require a collection of \TFM\ files that are
+related to the \Something{stretch} and \Something{shrink} settings
+for the \cs{pdffontexpand} primitive, unless this is given with the
+\type{autoexpand} option.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffontexpand}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffontexpand}
+ \Something{font} \Something{stretch} \Something{shrink}
+ \Something{step} \Optional{\Literal{autoexpand}}}}
+
+This extension to \TEX's font definitions controls a major \PDFTEX\
+feature called \emph{font expansion}. To enable font expansion,
+\cs{pdfadjustspacing} must be set to a value greater than zero. We
+describe the basic process with an example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\font\somefont=sometfm at 10pt
+\pdffontexpand\somefont 30 20 10 autoexpand
+\pdfadjustspacing=2
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The \verb|30 20 10| means this: ``hey \TEX, when line breaking is going
+badly, you may stretch the glyphs from this font as much as 3\% or
+shrink them as much as 2\%.'' For practical reasons \PDFTEX\ uses
+discrete expansion steps, in this example, 1\%.
+
+Roughly speaking, the idea is as follows: When \TEX\ cannot break a line
+in the appropriate way, the unbreakable parts of the last word may stick
+into the margin. When \PDFTEX\ sees this, it will try to scale (shrink)
+the glyphs in that line using fixed steps, until the line fits. When
+lines are too spacey, the opposite happens: \PDFTEX\ starts scaling
+(stretching) the glyphs until the white space gaps are acceptable. This
+glyph stretching and shrinking is called \emph{font expansion}.
+
+There are two different modes for font expansion, depending on whether
+\type{autoexpand} is specified:
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item If the \type{autoexpand} keyword is given---this is
+recommended mode---only a single map entry is needed for all expanded
+font versions, using the name of the unexpanded \TFM\ file
+(\varname{tfmname} in section~\ref{sec.map-tfmname}). No expanded
+\varname{tfmname} versions need be mentioned (indeed, they are ignored),
+as \PDFTEX\ generates expanded instances of the unexpanded \TFM\ data
+structures and keeps them in its memory. As of \PDFTEX~1.40.0, the
+\type{autoexpand} work is done within the page stream by modification of
+the text matrix (\PDF\ operator ``\type{Tm}''), and not at the font file
+level, giving the advantage that it now works not only with Type~1 but
+also with TrueType and OpenType fonts (and even without embedding a font
+file; but that's not recommended). In this mode \PDFTEX\ requires only
+unexpanded font files.
+
+\item Second, if the \type{autoexpand} keyword is not given, setting up
+font expansion requires considerably more work, as there must be map
+entries for \TFM\ files in all required expansion values. The expanded
+\varname{tfmname} variants are constructed by adding the font expansion
+value to the \varname{tfmname} of the base font, \eg\ there must be a
+map entry with \varname{tfmname} \type{sometfm+10} for 1\% stretch or
+\type{sometfm-15} for 1.5\% shrink. This also means that for each
+expanded font variant a \TFM\ file with properly expanded metrics must
+exist. In addition to the \TFM\ file, it is necessary to provide, for
+each expansion value, an individually crafted font file with the
+expanded glyphs. Thus, this allows the absolute best possible output,
+controlling the glyphs for every expanded variant of the font. It is a
+rare document indeed for this to be worth the trouble.
+
+One technical drawback of non-\type{autoexpand} mode is that all needed
+individual font files need to be embedded in the \PDF\ output for each
+expanded font, leading to significantly larger \PDF\ files than in
+\type{autoexpand} mode.
+
+Another caveat for non-\type{autoexpand} mode: when \cs{pdffontexpand}
+is executed, \PDFTEX\ immediately loads two fonts, at the maximum
+stretch and shrink; in our example, \type{sometfm+30} and
+\type{sometfm-20}. (If they aren't available, \type{mktextfm} may be
+uselessly called, and then an error message issued.) This happens even
+if those fonts never end up being used, which is arguably undesirable,
+but hard to change. It is not a problem when using \type{autoexpand}.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+The font expansion mechanism is inspired by an optimization first
+introduced by Prof.~Hermann Zapf, which in itself goes back to
+optimizations used in the early days of typesetting: use different
+glyphs to optimize the grayness of a page. So, there are many, slightly
+different~a's, e's, etc. For practical reasons \PDFTEX\ does not use
+such huge glyph collections; it uses horizontal scaling instead. This is
+sub\hyph optimal, and possibly offensive to the design, though the
+expansions are tiny. It is up to the user to decide whether such
+slightly remastered fonts are acceptable. As an example, this
+document is typeset with font expansion and margin kerning activated
+(via the \texttt{microtype} \LaTeX\ package).
+
+\subsection{\cs{efcode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{efcode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+We haven't yet told the whole story. One can imagine that some glyphs
+are visually more sensitive to stretching or shrinking than others. Then
+the \cs{efcode} primitive can be used to influence the expandability of
+individual glyphs within a given font, as a factor applied to the
+expansion setting from the \cs{pdffontexpand} primitive. The syntax is
+similar to \cs{sfcode} (but with the \Something{font} required), and it
+defaults to~1000, meaning 100\% expandability. The given integer value
+is clipped to the range $0..1000$, corresponding to a usable
+expandability range of $0..100$\%. Examples:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\efcode\somefont`A=800
+\efcode\somefont`O=0
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Here the A in \cs{somefont} may only stretch or shrink by up to 80\% of
+the current expansion value for that font, and expansion for the~O is
+disabled. The actual expansion is still bound to the steps as defined by
+\cs{pdffontexpand} primitive.
+
+Changes to this table are global, \ie\ ignore \TeX's usual grouping,
+and apply only to the given \Something{font}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfprotrudechars}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfprotrudechars} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Yet another way of optimizing paragraph breaking is to let certain
+characters move into the margin (`character protrusion'). Character
+protrusion is disabled when \cs{pdfprotrudechars=0} or negative.
+
+When \cs{pdfprotrudechars=1}, the glyphs qualified as such will make
+this move when applicable, without changing the line-breaking. When
+\cs{pdfprotrudechars=2} (or greater), character protrusion will be taken
+into account while considering breakpoints, so line-breaking might be
+changed. This qualification and the amount of shift are set by the
+primitives \cs{rpcode} and \cs{lpcode}.
+
+If you want to protrude an item other than a character (\eg\ an
+\cs{hbox}), you can do so by padding the item with an invisible
+zero\hyph width character for which protrusion is activated.
+
+\subsection{\cs{rpcode}, \cs{lpcode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{rpcode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{lpcode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+The amount that a character from a given font may shift into the right
+margin (`character protrusion') is set by the primitive \cs{rpcode}. The
+protrusion distance is the integer value given to \cs{rpcode},
+multiplied by 0.001em from the current font. The given integer value is
+clipped to the range $-1000..1000$, corresponding to a usable protrusion
+range of $-$1em..1em. \cs{lpcode} is exactly analogous to \cs{rpcode},
+but affects the amount by which characters may protrude into the left
+margin.
+
+Examples:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\rpcode\somefont`,=200
+\rpcode\somefont`-=150
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Here the comma may shift by 0.2em into the margin and the hyphen by
+0.15em. All these small bits and pieces will help \PDFTEX\ to give
+you better paragraphs (use \cs{rpcode} judiciously; don't overdo it).
+
+Remark: old versions of \PDFTEX\ use the character width as measure. This
+was changed to a proportion of the em-width after \THANH\ finished his
+master's thesis.
+
+Changes to these tables are global, \ie\ ignore \TeX's usual grouping,
+and apply only to the given \Something{font}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{leftmarginkern}, \cs{rightmarginkern}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{leftmarginkern} \Something{box number}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{rightmarginkern} \Something{box number}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+The \cs{leftmarginkern} \Something{box number} primitive expands to the
+width of the margin kern at the left side of the horizontal list stored
+in \cs{box} \Something{box number}. The expansion string includes the
+unit \type{pt}. \Eg\ when the left margin kern of \cs{box0} amounts to
+$-$10pt, \cs{leftmarginkern0} will expand to \type{-10pt}. The primitive
+\cs{rightmarginkern} works analogously for the right margin.
+\introducedplural{1.30.0}
+
+These are auxiliary primitives to make character protrusion more
+versatile. When using the \TEX\ primitives \cs{unhbox} or \cs{unhcopy},
+the margin kerns at either end of the unpackaged hbox will be removed
+(\eg\ to avoid weird effects if several hboxes are unpackaged behind
+each other into the same horizontal list). These \cs{unhbox} or
+\cs{unhcopy} commands are often used together with \cs{vsplit} for dis-
+and re\hyph assembling of paragraphs, \eg\ to add line numbers.
+Paragraphs treated like this do not show character protrusion by
+default, as the margin kerns have been removed during the unpacking
+process.
+
+The \cs{leftmarginkern} and \cs{rightmarginkern} primitives allow
+access to the margin kerns and store them away before unpackaging the
+hbox. \Eg\ the following code snippet restores margin kerning of
+a horizontal list stored in \cs{box}\cs{testline}, resulting in a hbox with
+the original margin kerning, now inserted by ordinary kerns.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\dimen0=\leftmarginkern\testline
+\dimen1=\rightmarginkern\testline
+\hbox to\hsize{\kern\dimen0\unhcopy\testline\kern\dimen1}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{letterspacefont}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{letterspacefont} \Something{control sequence}
+ \Something{font} \Something{integer}}}
+
+This primitive creates an instance of \Something{font} with the widths
+of all glyphs increased by \Something{integer} thousandths of an em (as
+defined by \Something{font}). The effect is letter spacing, but the
+glyphs are actually wider, as the sidebearings are increased, so a
+single glyph will take more space. For instance, the following creates a
+font \cs{lsfont} whose glyphs are all 1.2pt larger than those of
+\cs{normalfont}:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\font\normalfont=myfont at 12pt
+\letterspacefont\lsfont\normalfont 100
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Negative values are allowed for \Something{integer}.
+Letter spacing works natively in \PDF\ mode only, unless special fonts are
+devised (in our example, a \type{myfont+100ls} font), as with font expansion.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcopyfont}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcopyfont} \Something{control sequence}
+ \Something{font}}}
+
+This primitive defines \Something{control sequence} as a synonym for
+\Something{font}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffakespace}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffakespace}}}
+
+Always insert a fake interword space in the output (PDF only; this
+primitive is an error in DVI mode), regardless of the values of
+\cs{pdfinterwordspaceon} and \cs{pdfinterwordspaceoff} (q.v.). Example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+Text with a fake interword \pdffakespace space.
+\end{verbatim}
+\introduced{1.40.15}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffontattr}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffontattr} \Something{font}
+ \Something{general text}}}
+
+This primitive inserts the \Something{general text} into the
+\type{/Font} dictionary. The text must conform to the specifications as
+laid down in the \PDFReference, or the document may be invalid. For
+examples, see the \type{cmap} and \type{CJK} packages.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffontname}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffontname} \Something{font}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+In \PDF\ files produced by \PDFTEX\ one can recognize a font resource
+by the prefix~\type{/F} followed by a number, for instance \type{/F12}
+or \type{/F54}. For a given \TEX\ \Something{font}, this primitive
+expands to the number from the corresponding font resource name.
+\Eg\ if \type{/F12} corresponds to some \TEX\ font \cs{foo}, then
+\cs{pdffontname}\cs{foo} expands to the number~\type{12}.
+
+In the current implementation, when \cs{pdfuniqueresname} (see below)
+is set to a positive value, the \cs{pdffontname} still returns only the
+number from the font resource name, without the appended random string.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffontobjnum}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffontobjnum} \Something{font}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command is similar to \cs{pdffontname}, but it returns the \PDF\
+object number of the font dictionary instead of the number from the font
+resource name. \Eg\ if the font dictionary (\type{/Type/Font}) in \PDF\
+object~3 corresponds to some \TEX\ font \cs{foo}, then
+\cs{pdffontobjnum}\cs{foo} gives the number~\type{3}.
+
+Use of \cs{pdffontname} and \cs{pdffontobjnum} allows users full
+access to all the font resources used in a document.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffontsize}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffontsize} \Something{font}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This primitive expands to the font size of the given font, with unit
+\type{pt}. \Eg\ when using the plain \TeX\ macro package, the call
+\cs{pdffontsize}\cs{tenrm} expands to \type{10.0pt}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfgentounicode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfgentounicode} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+By default, \PDFTEX\ does not include a \type{/ToUnicode} resource when
+including fonts in the output. Such a resource (also called a CMap
+resource) maps glyph names to Unicode characters in a \PDF\ file.
+Lacking such a resource, it is the \PDF\ reader which determines how and
+whether searching in the \PDF\ file works. In practice, searching for
+basic \ASCII\ characters generally works, but searching for anything
+beyond those, including ligatures such as `fi', is likely to fail.
+
+If \cs{pdfgentounicode} is set to \type{1} when the job ends, the
+\type{/ToUnicode} resource will be included in the output, with mappings
+for Type~1 fonts used---unless \cs{pdfnobuiltintounicode} (q.v.) is set
+for a given font.
+
+The mapping is created as follows: for each glyph in the font, look for
+its \type{ToUnicode} value in a global hash table. By default that
+global hash table is empty, in which case \PDFTEX\ merely emits a
+warning. Entries are added to the table using the command
+\cs{pdfglyphtounicode}, described next.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfglyphtounicode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfglyphtounicode} \Something{general text}
+ \Something{general text}}}
+
+The first argument is the name of a glyph, the second is a string of Unicode
+numeric values denoting characters, separated by spaces. For instance:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfgentounicode=1
+\pdfglyphtounicode{ff}{0066 0066}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent maps the \type{ff} ligature to a pair of \type{f} characters
+(whose code is \type{U+0066}, that is, \ASCII\ \type{0x66}).
+
+Once a single \cs{pdfglyphtounicode} definition is made, whether it is
+used or not, another feature comes into play: all glyph names of the
+form \type{uniXXXX} or \type{uXXXX} are mapped to the natural
+\type{U+XXXX}. Many fonts use this style of naming.
+
+In addition, the \type{glyphtounicode.tex} file (distributed with
+\PDFTEX\ and other software) contains thousands of such definitions,
+covering most common glyph names. So, for practical purposes, one would
+probably want:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input glyphtounicode
+\pdfgentounicode=1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent (\LATEX\ users could load the \type{cmap} package to achieve
+the same effect.)
+
+By default, these glyph name-to-unicode mappings are global. Thus,
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfglyphtounicode{abc}{1234}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent would map the glyph named \type{abc} to \type{U+1234} for
+every font. However, it's possible to make a mapping for a single font
+using a \type{tfm:} prefix:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfglyphtounicode{tfm:foo/abc}{5678}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent means that for the font \type{foo.tfm}, only, the glyph
+\type{abc} is mapped to \type{U+5678}.
+
+Glyph names sometimes contain a dot, as in \type{somechar.sc}. \PDFTEX\
+simply strips the dot and everything after it before looking up the
+name, so in this case it would look for \type{somechar} (even if
+\type{somechar.sc} exists in the mappings, it will not be used). This
+behavior could be made smarter if there is a demand for it.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfincludechars}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfincludechars} \Something{font}
+ \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command causes \PDFTEX\ to treat the characters in \Something{general
+text} as if they were used with \Something{font}, which means that the
+corresponding glyphs will be embedded into the font resources in the \PDF\
+output. Nothing is appended to the list being built.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinterwordspaceon}, \cs{pdfinterwordspaceoff},
+ \cs{pdfspacefont}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinterwordspaceon}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinterwordspaceoff}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfspacefont} \Something{general text}}}
+
+The first two commands insert corresponding whatsit nodes which turn
+on/off generation of faked interword spaces in the \PDF\ output (they
+cause errors in \DVI\ output). This allows for better reflowing of text
+on the fly by \PDF\ readers, better extraction of textual content, and
+is required by \PDF/A. It does not affect the normal \TeX\ justification
+with glue of the typeset output.
+
+This works roughly as follows: with \cs{pdfinterwordspaceon},
+\PDFTEX\ will guess when an interword space should be inserted, based on
+movement within some limits in horizontal direction. When found,
+\PDFTEX\ inserts a true space character into the \PDF\ page description
+for the viewers, and adjusts the next movement so that the next
+character will be in the expected position, according to normal \TEX\
+behavior.
+
+Where does that ``true space character'' come from?
+There are two possibilities.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item If the current font has a real space character, it is used.
+\PDFTEX\ considers a font to have such a space character if 1)~the font
+has an encoding vector (\type{.enc} file) specified in its map entry,
+and 2)~the encoding has a glyph named \type{space} (that is, the
+PostScript name \type{/space}) at slot 32. For example, the font
+\type{texnansi-lmr10} uses the encoding file \type{lm-texnansi.enc},
+which has such an entry.
+
+\item
+If the current font does not have such a space character (this is the
+case for most traditional \TEX\ fonts, such as \type{cmr10} and
+\type{ec-lmr10}), \PDFTEX\ will use the space character from a special
+fallback font named (by default) \type{pdftexspace}[\type{.tfm}].
+\PDFTEX\ automatically defines a map entry for this font which looks
+like this:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfmapline{=pdftexspace PdfTeX-Space <pdftexspace.pfb}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The \type{pdftexspace.tfm} and \type{pdftexspace.pfb} files are expected
+to be available to \PDFTEX\ just like any other font. (They are
+distributed with \PDFTEX.) The \type{pdftexspace} font was constructed
+by hand; it has a space character that is .333em (and no other
+characters).
+
+A different fallback font for the space character can be given via
+\verb|\pdfspacefont{myfont}|. This is most likely to be useful for
+testing and debugging. In this case, \PDFTEX\ assumes that the given font
+has a real space character at slot 32, and that any necessary
+corresponding map entry exists. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfspacefont{texnansi-lmr10} % use space char from this font if
+ % current font has no space char
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{itemize}
+
+History: Before \PDFTEX\ version 1.40.25, no check was made for a
+\type{space} character in the current font, the fallback font was named
+\type{dummy-space}, and its space character was tiny, 0.001em. It turned
+out that \PDF\ viewers were unhappy with this tiny space, especially
+with tagged \PDF.
+
+Example of usage (see also the \type{fake-interword-space.tex} test file):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+Text with no interword spaces.
+
+\pdfglyphtounicode{space}{0020}
+\pdfinterwordspaceon
+
+Switch to text with faked interword spaces.
+
+\pdfinterwordspaceoff
+
+Back to text with no interword spaces.
+\end{verbatim}
+\introducedplural{1.40.15, 1.40.25}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmapfile}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmapfile} \Something{map filename}}}
+
+This primitive is used for reading a font map file consisting of one or
+more font map lines. The name of the map file is given in the
+\Something{map filename} together with an optional leading modifier
+character, as explained below. If your map file isn't in the current
+directory or a standard system directory, you will need to set the
+\type{TEXFONTMAPS} variable (in \WEBC) or give an explicit path so that
+it will be found.
+
+If no \cs{pdfmapfile} primitive is given, the default map file
+\filename{pdftex.map} will be read by \PDFTEX. Normally there is no need
+for a \PDFTEX\ user to bother about the \cs{pdfmapfile} or
+\cs{pdfmapline} primitives, as the main \TEX\ distributions provide
+helper tools to automatically assemble the default \type{pdftex.map}.
+(In \TEXLIVE, these tools are \type{updmap} and \type{updmap-sys}.)
+
+There is a companion primitive \cs{pdfmapline} that allows scanning
+single map lines; its map line argument has the same syntax as the map
+lines from a map file. Both primitives can be used concurrently. The
+\cs{pdfmapfile} primitive is fast for reading external bulk font map
+information (many map lines collected in a map file), whereas the
+\cs{pdfmapline} allows putting the font map information for individual
+\TeX\ fonts directly in the \TeX\ source or a style file. With both
+primitives, the map line information is scanned by \PDFTEX\ identically.
+In the most common case, the data are put into a fresh internal map
+entry data structure, which is then consulted when a font is used.
+
+When a \cs{pdfmapfile} or \cs{pdfmapline} primitive is executed by
+\PDFTEX, the argument (map file or map line) will be processed
+immediately, and the internal map entry database updated. The operation
+mode of the \cs{pdfmapfile} and \cs{pdfmapline} primitives is selected
+by an optional modifier character, one of \type{+}, \type{=}, \type{-},
+in front of the \varname{tfmname} field. This modifier defines how the
+individual map lines are going to be handled, and how a collision
+between an already registered map entry and a newer one is resolved:
+either by ignoring a later entry, or replacing or deleting an existing
+entry. In any case, map entries of fonts already in use are kept
+untouched. Here are two examples:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfmapfile{+myfont.map}
+\pdfmapline{+ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+When no modifier character is given (\eg\ \verb|\pdfmapfile{foo.map}|
+or\newline \verb|\pdfmapline{helv Helvetica}|) and there has been no
+previous call to one of these primitives, then the default map file
+\filename{pdftex.map} will \emph{not} be read. Apart from this case, the
+given map file will be processed as with the \type{+} modifier:
+duplicate later map entries within the file are ignored and a warning is
+issued. Thus, you can block reading of the default map file also with an
+empty \verb|\pdfmapfile{}| or \verb|\pdfmapline{}| early in the \TeX\
+file. Since the default map file is typically large, if you don't need
+it, these command variants might considerably speed up \PDFTEX\ startup.
+
+If a modifier is given, before reading the items given as arguments to
+the present \cs{pdfmapfile} or \cs{pdfmapline}, the default map file
+will be read first---if this hasn't already been done or been prevented
+by the above blocking cases. The meaning of the modifiers:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \verb|\pdfmapfile{+foo.map}| reads the file \filename{foo.map};
+duplicate later map entries within the file are ignored and a warning is
+issued.
+
+\item \verb|\pdfmapfile{=foo.map}| reads the file \filename{foo.map};
+matching map entries in the database are replaced by new entries from
+\filename{foo.map}, if they haven't already been used.
+
+\item \verb|\pdfmapfile{-foo.map}| reads the file \filename{foo.map};
+matching map entries are deleted from the database, if they haven't
+already been used.
+\end{itemize}
+
+In short, if you want to add support for a new font through an
+additional font map file while keeping all the existing mappings, use
+\verb|\pdfmapfile{+myfont.map}| or \verb|\pdfmapfile{=myfont.map}|.
+
+If you want to use a base map file name other than \type{pdftex.map}, or
+change its processing options through a \PDFTEX\ format, you can do this
+by appending the \cs{pdfmapfile} command to the \cs{everyjob} token list
+for the \type{-ini} run, as in:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\everyjob=\expandafter{\the\everyjob\pdfmapfile{+myspecial.map}}
+\dump
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This would always read the file \type{myspecial.map} after the default
+\type{pdftex.map} file.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmapline}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmapline} \Something{map spec}}}
+
+Similar to \cs{pdfmapfile}, but here you give a single map line (exactly
+like the ones in map files) as an argument. The optional modifiers
+(\type{+-=}) have the same effect as with \cs{pdfmapfile}; see also the
+description above. Example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfmapline{+ptmri8r Times-Italic <8r.enc <ptmri8a.pfb}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This primitive, especially the \verb|\pdfmapline{=...}| form, is useful
+for temporary quick checks of a new font map entry during development,
+before finally putting it into a map file.
+
+As explained above, \verb|\pdfmapline{}|, like \verb|\pdfmapfile{}|,
+blocks reading of the default map file, if it comes early enough in the
+\TeX\ input. \introduced{1.20a}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmovechars}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmovechars} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Since \PDFTEX\ version 1.30.0 the primitive \cs{pdfmovechars} is
+obsolete, and its use merely leads to a warning. (This primitive
+specified whether \PDFTEX\ should try to move characters in range 0..31
+to higher slots; its sole purpose was to remedy certain bugs of early
+\PDF\ viewers.)
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfnobuiltintounicode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfnobuiltintounicode} \Something{font}}}
+
+The purpose of this command is to prevent \PDFTEX\ from generating the
+\type{ToUnicode}/CMap resource for the given font when
+\cs{pdfgentounicode=1}, most likely because the CMap resource is already
+generated by some other method. For instance, the \LATEX\ \type{cmap}
+package uses \cs{pdffontattr} to generate CMap resources.
+
+Minimal example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\font\f=cmb10
+\pdfnobuiltintounicode\f
+\f No unicode mappings for this output.
+\end{verbatim}
+\introduced{1.40.11}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfnoligatures}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfnoligatures} \Something{font}}}
+
+This disables all ligatures in the loaded font \Something{font}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfomitcharset}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfomitcharset} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If this primitive parameter is zero (the default), the \type{/CharSet}
+entry is included as usual for fonts in the \PDF\ output; if it is set
+to 1, then \type{/CharSet} is omitted. Other values may have other
+meanings in the future, so do not rely on them.
+
+Explanation: This parameter was created because the \PDFA-1 standard
+requires \type{/CharSet}, whereas \PDFA-2 and \PDFA-3 allow it to be
+omitted but have extraordinary requirements, which \PDFTEX\ does not
+currently meet, if it is included.\introduced{1.40.20}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpkmode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpkmode} \Whatever{tokens}}}
+
+The \cs{pdfpkmode} is a token register that sets the \METAFONT\ mode for
+pixel font generation. The contents of this register is dumped into the
+format, so one can (optionally) preset it. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpkresolution}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpkresolution} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This integer parameter specifies the default resolution of embedded \PK\
+fonts and is read when \PDFTEX\ embeds a \PK\ font during finishing the
+\PDF\ output. As bitmap fonts may be rendered poorly, and in any case
+cannot be arbitrarily magnified, it is best to use outline fonts if
+possible.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupmap}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupmap} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when a duplicate map entry for a
+given font is read, whatever the mechanism. However, sometimes it is
+useful to include map information within the document, using
+\cs{pdfmapfile} or \cs{pdfmapline}, even for fonts that happen to be
+installed on the system. Then seeing the warnings on every run is just
+noise; it can be suppressed by setting this parameter to a positive
+number. \introduced{1.40.13}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftracingfonts}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftracingfonts} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This integer parameter specifies the level of verbosity for the
+information about expanded fonts given in the log, \eg\ when
+\cs{tracingoutput=1}. If \cs{pdftracingfonts=0}, which is the default,
+the log shows the actual nonzero signed expansion value for each
+expanded letter within brackets, as in:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+...\xivtt (+20) t
+\end{verbatim}
+
+If \cs{pdftracingfonts=1}, the name of the \TFM\ file is also listed,
+together with the font size:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+...\xivtt (cmtt10+20@14.0pt) t
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Setting \cs{pdftracingfonts} to a value other than~0 or~1 is not
+recommended, to allow for future extensions. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfuniqueresname}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfuniqueresname} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+When this primitive is assigned a positive number, \PDF\ resource names
+will be made reasonably unique by appending a random string consisting
+of six \ASCII\ characters.
+
+\subsection{\cs{tagcode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{tagcode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive accesses a character's \type{char_tag} info. It is meant
+to delete \type{lig_tag} (the character's ligature/kerning program),
+\type{list_tag} (which indicates that the character belongs to a chain of
+ascending sizes) and/or \type{ext_tag} (which indicates that the character
+is extensible), with the following options: assigning \type{-7} or less
+clears all tags, \type{-6} clears \type{ext_tag} and \type{list_tag},
+\type{-5} clears \type{ext_tag} and \type{lig_tag}, \type{-4} clears
+\type{ext_tag}, \type{-3} clears \type{list_tag} and \type{lig_tag},
+\type{-2} clears \type{list_tag}, \type{-1} clears \type{lig_tag},
+and \type{0} or larger does nothing. Changes are irreversible and global.
+
+Conversely, when queried, the primitive returns \type{0} if the tag's
+value is \type{no_tag}, \type{1} if \type{lig_tag} is set, \type{2} if
+\type{list_tag} is set or \type{4} (not~3) if \type{ext_tag} is set.
+
+\section{Spacing}
+
+Controlling spacing before and after characters was introduced in
+version 1.30, mostly to handle punctuation rules in different
+languages. The \cs{...code} tables here, like those in the previous
+section, operate globally, \ie\ ignore \TeX's usual grouping, and apply
+only to the given \Something{font}, not other instances of the
+underlying font.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfadjustinterwordglue}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfadjustinterwordglue} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If positive, adjustment of interword glue is enabled and controlled by the
+following three primitives.
+
+\subsection{\cs{knbscode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{knbscode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+The amount of space, in thousandths of an em, added to the natural width
+of the glue following a character (the name stands for ``kern before
+space'', although technically it is looking at glue items, not kern
+items). This amounts is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$. For
+instance, in the following example, glue after periods in the current
+font will be increased by .2em.
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfadjustinterwordglue=1
+\knsbcode\font`\.=200
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{stbscode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{stbscode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This works like \cs{knbscode}, but applies to the stretch component of
+the following glue.
+
+\subsection{\cs{shbscode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{shbscode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Like \cs{stbscode}, but for the shrink component.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfprependkern}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfprependkern} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If positive, automatic insertion of kerns before characters is enabled.
+
+\subsection{\cs{knbccode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{knbccode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+The width of the kern, in thousandths of an em, inserted before a
+character. It is clipped to the range $-1000..1000$. For instance, with
+the following code, a .15em-kern will be inserted before all question
+marks in the current font (possibly useful for \eg\ French punctuation):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfprependkern=1
+\knbccode\font`\?=150
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfappendkern}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfappendkern} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Same as \cs{pdfprependkern}, but for kerns inserted after characters.
+
+\subsection{\cs{knaccode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{knaccode} \Something{font}
+ \Something{8-bit number} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Same as \cs{knbccode}, except the kern is inserted after the
+character. Such a kern is required for instance after a left guillemet
+in French punctuation.
+
+\section{Vertical adjustments}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfignoreddimen}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfignoreddimen} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+This specifies the dimension value which must be assigned to the
+following four primitives so they are ignored. Default is
+\type{-1000pt}, and it should be modified with care since it also
+influences when a previous paragraph's depth is ignored (for instance,
+the plain \TEX\ macro \cs{nointerlineskip} should be modified
+accordingly).
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffirstlineheight}, \cs{pdflastlinedepth}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffirstlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+These parameters specify the height of the first, resp.\ depth of the
+last, line of a paragraph, regardless of its content. They are read when
+the paragraph builder is called, and ignored when set to
+\cs{pdfignoreddimen}. By default, they are set to \type{-1000pt}, so
+they are ignored as long as the value of \cs{pdfignoreddimen} is not
+changed.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfeachlineheight}, \cs{pdfeachlinedepth}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfeachlineheight} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfeachlinedepth} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+\cs{pdfeachlineheight} is similar to \cs{pdffirstlineheight}, but for
+all lines of a paragraph, including the first one, unless
+\cs{pdffirstlineheight} is specified.
+
+\cs{pdfeachlinedepth} is the same, but for the depth.
+
+\section{\PDF\ objects}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfobj}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfobj} \Something{object type spec}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This command creates a raw \PDF\ object that is written to the \PDF\
+file as \verb|1 0 obj| \ldots\ \type{endobj}.
+
+When \Something{object type spec} is not given, \PDFTEX\ no longer
+creates a dictionary object with contents \Something{general text}, as
+it did in the past.
+
+When \Something{object type spec} is given as \Something{attr
+spec} \Literal{stream}, the object will be created as a stream with
+contents \Something{general text} and additional attributes in
+\Something{attr spec}.
+
+When \Something{object type spec} is given as \Something{attr spec}
+\Literal{file}, then the \Something{general text} will be treated as a file
+name and its contents will be copied into the stream contents.
+
+When \Something{object type spec} is given as \type{reserveobjnum}, just
+a new object number is reserved. The number of the reserved object is
+accessible via \cs{pdflastobj}. The object can later be filled with
+contents by \Syntax{\cs{pdfobj} \Literal{useobjnum} \Something{number}
+\Lbrace\Something{balanced text}\Rbrace}. But the reserved object number
+can be used by other objects before it is defined, which provides a
+forward\hyph referencing mechanism.
+
+The object is kept in memory and will be written to the \PDF\ output only
+when its number is referred to by \cs{pdfrefobj} or when \cs{pdfobj}
+is preceded by \cs{immediate}. Nothing is appended to the list being
+built. The number of the most recently created object is accessible via
+\cs{pdflastobj}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastobj}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastobj} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This command returns the object number of the last object created by \type
+{\pdfobj}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrefobj}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrefobj} \Something{object number}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This command appends a whatsit node to the list being built. When the whatsit
+node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will write the object
+\Something{object number}
+to the \PDF\ output if it has not been written yet.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfretval}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfretval} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+Set to $-1$ if \cs{pdfobj} ignores an invalid object number. Perhaps
+this will be used to store the error status of other primitives in the
+future.
+
+\section{Page and pages objects}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpagesattr}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpagesattr} \Whatever{tokens}}}
+
+\PDFTEX\ expands this token list when it finishes the \PDF\ output and
+adds the resulting character stream to the root \type{Pages}
+object. When defined, these are applied to all pages in the
+document. Some examples of attributes are \type{/CropBox}, the rectangle
+specifying the region of the page being displayed and printed, and
+\type{/Rotate}, the number of degrees (in multiples of 90) the page
+should be rotated clockwise when it is displayed or printed.
+
+% /MediaBox is not a good example, since it will never take effect.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfpagesattr
+ { /Rotate 90 % rotate all pages by 90 degrees
+ /CropBox [0 0 612 792] } % the crop size of all pages (in bp)
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpageattr}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpageattr} \Whatever{tokens}}}
+
+This is similar to \cs{pdfpagesattr}, but has priority over it.
+It can be used to override any attribute given by \cs{pdfpagesattr}
+for an individual page. The token list is expanded when \PDFTEX\ ships out
+a page. The contents are added to the attributes of the current page.
+
+If the \cs{pdfpageattr} value contains the string \type{/MediaBox},
+then \PDFTEX\ omits outputting its own \type{/MediaBox} value (which is
+\verb|[0 0 |\Something{\it page\_width} \Something{\it
+page\_height}\type{]}). (This behavior was introduced in version
+1.40.18.)
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfomitprocset}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfomitprocset} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If this parameter is zero (the default), the \type{/ProcSet} array is
+included if \cs{pdfmajorversion} is~1, and omitted if
+$\cs{pdfmajorversion}\ge2$. If this parameter is $>0$, \type{/ProcSet}
+is always omitted; if it is $<0$, \type{/ProcSet} is always
+included. For information about what \type{/ProcSet} is, see the
+\PDFReference\ or other documentation.
+
+\cs{ProcSet} was considered obsolete as of \PDF~1.4, but conforming
+writers should continue to output it. It was formally deprecated in
+\PDF~2.0.\introduced{1.40.25}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpageref}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpageref} \Something{page number}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This primitive expands to the number of the page object that contains
+the dictionary for page \Something{page number}. If the page
+\Something{page number} does not exist, a warning will be issued,
+a fresh unused \PDF\ object will be generated, and \cs{pdfpageref}
+will expand to that object number.
+
+\Eg\ if the dictionary for page~5 of the \TEX\ document is contained in
+\PDF\ object no.~18, \cs{pdfpageref5} expands to the number 18.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpageresources}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpageresources} \Whatever{tokens}}}
+
+These tokens are added to the resource dictionary for all pages, before
+the font, XObject, and ProcSet resources. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfpageresources{/MyPageResourceAttribute /MyValue}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Form XObjects}
+
+The next three primitives support a \PDF\ feature called ``object
+reuse'' in \PDFTEX. The idea is first to create a `form XObject'. The
+content of this object corresponds to the content of a \TEX\ box; it can
+contain pictures and references to other form XObjects as well. After
+creation, the form XObject can be used multiple times by simply
+referring to its object number. This feature can be useful for large
+documents with many similar elements, to reduce the duplication of
+identical objects.
+
+These commands behave similarly to \cs{pdfobj}, \cs{pdfrefobj} and
+\cs{pdflastobj} (described in the previous section), but instead of
+taking raw \PDF\ code, they handle text typeset by \TEX.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfxform}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfxform} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{resources spec}} \Something{box number}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This command creates a form XObject corresponding to the contents of the
+box \Something{box number}. The box can contain other raw objects, form
+XObjects, or images as well. However, it cannot contain annotations
+because those are laid out on a separate layer, are positioned
+absolutely, and have dedicated housekeeping. \cs{pdfxform} makes box
+\Something{box number} void, as \cs{box} does.
+
+When \Something{attr spec} is given, the text will be written
+as additional attribute into the form XObject dictionary. The
+\Something{resources spec} is similar, but the text will be added
+to the resources dictionary of the form XObject. The text given by
+\Something{attr spec} or \Something{resources spec} is written before
+other entries of the form dictionary and\slash or the resources dictionary
+and takes priority over later ones.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrefxform}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrefxform} \Something{object number}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+The form XObject is kept in memory and will be written to the \PDF\
+output only when its object number is referred to by \cs{pdfrefxform}
+or when \cs{pdfxform} is preceded by \cs{immediate}. Nothing is
+appended to the list being built. The number of the most recently created
+form XObject is accessible via \cs{pdflastxform}.
+
+When issued, \cs{pdfrefxform} appends a whatsit node to the list being
+built. When the whatsit node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will
+write the form \Something{object number} to the \PDF\ output if it is
+not written yet.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastxform}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastxform} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+The object number of the most recently created form XObject is accessible
+via \cs{pdflastxform}.
+
+As said, this feature can be used for reusing information. This mechanism
+also plays a role in typesetting fill\hyph in forms. Such widgets sometimes
+have visuals that show up on user request, but are hidden otherwise.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfxformname}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfxformname} \Something{object number}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+In \PDF\ files produced by \PDFTEX\ one can recognize a form XObject by
+the prefix~\type{/Fm} followed by a number, for instance \type{/Fm2}.
+For a given form XObject number, this primitive expands to the number in
+the corresponding form XObject name. \Eg\ if \type{/Fm2} corresponds to
+some form XObject with object number 7, the \cs{pdfxformname7}
+expands to the number~\type{2}. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\section{Graphics inclusion}
+
+\PDF\ provides a mechanism for embedding graphic and textual objects:
+form XObjects. In \PDFTEX\ this mechanism is accessed by means of
+\cs{pdfxform}, \cs{pdflastxform} and \cs{pdfrefxform} (described in the
+previous section). A special kind of XObjects are bitmap graphics and
+for manipulating them similar commands are provided.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfximage}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfximage}
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{page spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{pdf box spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{colorspace spec}}
+ \Next
+ \Something{general text}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}}
+
+This command creates an image object from the filename given in
+\Something{general text}, \ie\ enclosed in braces.
+
+The image is kept in memory when this command is executed. It is written
+to the \PDF\ output only when either 1)~the \cs{pdfximage} command is
+preceded by \cs{immediate}, or 2)~its number is referred to by
+\cs{pdfrefximage} (q.v.).
+
+The dimensions of the image can be controlled via \Something{rule spec}.
+The default values are zero for depth and ``running'' for height and
+width. If all of them are given, the image will be scaled to fit the
+specified values. If some (but not all) are given, the rest will be set
+to a value corresponding to the remaining ones so as to make the image
+size to yield the same proportion of $width : (height+depth)$ as the
+original image size, where depth is treated as zero. If none are given
+then the image will have its natural size.
+
+An image inserted at its natural size often has a resolution of
+\type{\pdfimageresolution} (see below) given in dots per inch in the
+output file, but some images may contain data specifying the image
+resolution, and in such a case the image will be scaled accordingly. The
+dimensions of an image can be accessed by putting the \cs{pdfrefximage}
+command in a box and checking the box's dimensions:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\setbox0=\hbox{\pdfximage{somefile.png}\pdfrefximage\pdflastximage}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Now we can use \cs{wd0} and \cs{ht0} to find the natural size of the
+image as determined by \PDFTEX.
+
+The image type is specified by the extension of the given file name:
+\type{.png} stands for \PNG\ image, \type{.jpg} (or \type{.jpeg}) for
+\JPEG, \type{.jbig2} (preferred, but \type{.jb2} works also) for
+\JBIGTWO, and \type{.pdf} for \PDF\ file. But once \PDFTEX\ has opened
+the file, it checks the file type first by checking the magic number at
+the file start, which gets precedence over the file name extension. This
+gives a certain degree of fault tolerance, if the file name extension is
+stated wrongly.
+
+Similarly to \cs{pdfxform}, the optional text given by \Something{attr
+spec} will be written as additional attributes of the image before other
+keys of the image dictionary. When using this, be aware that slightly
+different types of \PDF\ objects are created while including \PNG,
+\JPEG, or \JBIG2\ bitmaps and \PDF\ images.
+
+While working with \PDF\ or \JBIG2\ images, \Something{page spec} allows
+to specify which page of the document is to be included; the
+\Something{page spec} is irrelevant for the other two image formats.
+
+Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.11, in the \PDF\ image case, you may also
+choose which page box of the image is to be treated as a final bounding
+box. If \Something{pdf box spec} is present, it overrides the default
+behavior specified by the \cs{pdfpagebox} parameter, and is overridden
+by the (obsolete) \cs{pdfforcepagebox} parameter. This option is
+irrelevant for non\hyph \PDF\ inclusions.
+
+Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.21, \cs{pdfximage} supports a \type{colorspace}
+keyword followed by an object number (user\hyph defined colorspace for
+the image being included). This feature works for \JPEG\ images only.
+\PNG\ images use \RGB\ palettes, \JBIG2 bi-tonal, and \PDF\ images have
+self\hyph contained color space information.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrefximage}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrefximage} \Something{object number}}}
+
+\cs{pdfrefximage} appends a whatsit node to the list being built. When
+the whatsit node is searched at shipout time, \PDFTEX\ will write the image
+with number \Something{object number} to the \PDF\ output if it has not been
+written yet.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastximage}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastximage} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+\type{\pdflastximage} is the number of the most recently created XObject
+image.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfximagebbox}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfximagebbox} \Something{integer}
+ \Something{integer} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+The dimensions of the bounding box of a \PDF\ image loaded with
+\cs{pdfximage} are stored in a table. This primitive returns those
+dimensions as follows:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfximage{afile.pdf}
+\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 1 % Returns lower-left x
+\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 2 % Returns lower-left y
+\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 3 % Returns upper-right x
+\pdfximagebbox\pdflastximage 4 % Returns upper-right y
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastximagecolordepth}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastximagecolordepth}
+ \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+The color depth (\type{1} for 1-bit images, \type{2} for 2-bit images,
+and so on) of the last image accessed with \cs{pdfximage}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastximagepages}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastximagepages}
+ \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This read-only register returns the highest page number from a file
+previously accessed via the \cs{pdfximage} command.
+This is useful only for \PDF\ files; it always returns \type{1}
+for \PNG, \JPEG, or \JBIGTWO\ files.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfimageresolution}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfimageresolution} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+The integer \cs{pdfimageresolution} parameter (given in dots per inch,
+dpi) is a last resort value, used only for bitmap (\JPEG, \PNG,
+\JBIGTWO) images, but not for \PDF{}s. The priorities are as follows:
+Often one image dimension (\type{width} or \type{height}) is stated
+explicitly in the \TEX\ file. Then the image is properly scaled so that
+the aspect ratio is kept. If both image dimensions are given, the image
+will be stretched accordingly, whereby the aspect ratio might get
+distorted. If no image dimensions are given in the \TEX\ file, the image
+size will be calculated from its width and height in pixels, using the
+$x$ and $y$ resolution values normally contained in the image file. If
+one of these resolution values is missing or weird (either $<$~0 or
+$>$~65535), the \cs{pdfimageresolution} value will be used for both $x$
+and $y$ resolution when calculating the image size. And if the
+\cs{pdfimageresolution} is zero, a final fallback resolution of 72dpi is
+used.
+
+The \cs{pdfimageresolution} is read when \PDFTEX\ creates an image via
+\cs{pdfximage}. The given value is clipped to the range $0..65535$
+(dpi).
+
+Currently this parameter is used particularly for calculating the
+dimensions of \JPEG\ images with \EXIF\ information (unless at least one
+dimension is stated explicitly); the resolution values included in
+\EXIF\ data are ignored.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpagebox}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpagebox} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+When \PDF\ files are included, the command \cs{pdfximage} allows the
+selection of which \PDF\ page box to use in the optional
+\Something{image attr spec}. If the option isn't present, the page box
+defaults to the value of \cs{pdfpagebox} as follows: (1)~media box,
+(2)~crop box, (3)~bleed box, (4)~trim box, and (5)~artbox.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfforcepagebox}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfforcepagebox} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+%- It is now possible to specify the pdf page box to use when including pdfs.
+% The syntax has been extended:
+% \pdfximage [<image attr spec>] <general text> (h, v, m)
+% <image attr spec> --> [<rule spec>] [<attr spec>] [<page spec>] [<pdf box spec>]
+% <pdf box spec> --> mediabox|cropbox|bleedbox|trimbox|artbox
+% The default is cropbox (which defaults to mediabox), to be compatible with
+% previous versions of pdfTeX.
+% The page box specified at \pdfximage can be globally overridden with the
+% config parameter always_use_pdfpagebox and the command
+% \pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox <integer>, where 0 is the default (use
+% whatever is specified with \pdfximage), 1 is media, 2 is crop, 3 is
+% bleed, 4 is trim and 5 is artbox. This can only be set once per
+% object, i.e., the value used at \pdfximage is remembered.
+% See the PDF Reference for an explanation of the boxes.
+
+The integer primitive \cs{pdfforcepagebox} allows globally overriding
+the choice of the page box used with \cs{pdfximage}. It takes the same
+values as \cs{pdfpagebox}. The command is available starting with
+\PDFTEX\ 1.30.0, as a shortened synonym of obsolete
+\cs{pdfoptionalwaysusepdfpagebox} instruction, but is itself now
+considered obsolete---a combination of \cs{pdfpagebox} and
+\Something{image attr spec} is better.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This controls the behavior of \PDFTEX\ when a \PDF\ file is included
+which has a newer \PDF\ version than the one specified by
+\cs{pdfmajorversion} and \cs{pdfminorversion}. If
+\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel} is set to~0 (the default), \PDFTEX\ gives a
+warning; if 1, \PDFTEX\ raises an error; if negative, no diagnostic at
+all is given.
+
+It was originally a shortened synonym of
+\cs{pdfoptionpdfinclusionerrorlevel}, which is now obsolete.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfimagehicolor}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfimagehicolor} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This parameter, when set to~1, enables embedding of \PNG\ images with
+16~bit wide color channels at their full color resolution. This
+embedding mode is defined only from \PDF\ version~1.5 onwards, so the
+\cs{pdfimagehicolor} functionality is automatically disabled in \PDFTEX\
+if $\cs{pdfminorversion}<5$ and $\cs{pdfmajorversion}=1$; in this case,
+each 16~bit color channel is reduced to a width of 8~bits by stripping
+the lower 8~bits before embedding. The same stripping happens when
+\cs{pdfimagehicolor} is set to~0. If $\cs{pdfmajorversion}=1$ and
+$\cs{pdfminorversion}\ge5$, or $\cs{pdfmajorversion}\ge2$, the default
+value of \cs{pdfimagehicolor} is~1.
+
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfimageapplygamma}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfimageapplygamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive, when set to~1, enables gamma correction while embedding
+\PNG\ images, taking the value of the primitive \cs{pdfgamma} as
+well as the gamma value embedded in the \PNG\ image into account. When
+\cs{pdfimageapplygamma} is set to~0, no gamma correction is
+performed.
+
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfgamma}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfgamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive defines the `device gamma' for \PDFTEX. Values are in
+promilles (same as \cs{mag}). The default value of this primitive
+is~1000, defining a device gamma value of~1.0.
+
+If \cs{pdfimageapplygamma} is set to~1, then whenever a \PNG\ image is
+included, \PDFTEX\ applies a gamma correction. This correction is based
+on the value of the \cs{pdfgamma} primitive and the `assumed device
+gamma' that is derived from the value embedded in the actual image. If
+no embedded value can be found in the \PNG\ image, then the value of
+\cs{pdfimagegamma} is used instead.
+
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfimagegamma}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfimagegamma} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive gives a default `assumed gamma' value for \PNG\ images.
+Values are in promilles (same as for \cs{pdfamma}). The default value
+of this primitive is~2200, implying an assumed gamma value of~2.2.
+
+When \PDFTEX\ is applying gamma corrections, images that do not have an
+embedded `assumed gamma' value are assumed to have been created for a
+device with a gamma of 2.2. Experiments show that this default setting
+is correct for a large number of images; however, if your images come
+out too dark, you probably want to set \cs{pdfimagegamma} to a lower
+value, like~1000.
+
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfpxdimen}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfpxdimen} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+While working with bitmap graphics or typesetting electronic documents,
+it might be convenient to base dimensions on pixels rather than \TeX's
+standard units like \type{pt} or \type{em}. For this purpose, \PDFTEX\
+provides an extra unit named \type{px} that takes the dimension given to
+the \cs{pdfpxdimen} primitive. For example, to make the unit \type{px}
+corresponding to 96dpi pixel density (then $\mbox{1px}=72/96$bp), one
+can do the following calculation:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfpxdimen=1in % 1 dpi
+\divide\pdfpxdimen by 96 % 96 dpi
+\hsize=1200px
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Then \cs{hsize} amounts to 1200~pixels in 96dpi, which is exactly
+903.375pt, which \TeX\ rounds to 903.36914pt.
+
+The default value of \cs{pdfpxdimen} is 1.00001bp (for historical
+reasons), corresponding to a pixel density of (a few sp off from) 72dpi.
+The \LUATEX\ default is 1bp (also a few sp off from 72dpi), so to get
+precisely the same behavior in \PDFTEX\ and \LUATEX, set
+\cs{pdfpxdimen}\texttt{=1bp}.
+
+This primitive is completely independent of the
+\cs{pdfimageresolution} and \cs{pdfpkresolution} parameters.
+
+\introduced{1.30.0} It used to be an integer register that gave the
+dimension 1px as number of scaled points, defaulting to 65536 (1px equal
+to $\mbox{65536sp}=1$pt). Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0, \cs{pdfpxdimen}
+is now a real dimension parameter.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinclusioncopyfonts}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinclusioncopyfonts} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If positive, this parameter tells \PDFTEX\ to include fonts that are
+embedded in a \PDF\ file loaded with \cs{pdfximage}, even if those fonts
+are also available on disk. Bigger files might be created, but included
+\PDF\ files are sure to be embedded with the correct fonts; indeed, the
+fonts on disk might be different from the embedded ones, and glyphs
+might be missing.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup}
+ \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when more than one included \PDF\
+file has a so-called ``page group object'' (\type{/Group}), because only
+one can ``win''---that is, be propagated to the page level. Usually
+the page groups are identical, but when they are not, the result is
+unpredictable. It would be ideal if \PDFTEX\ in fact detected whether
+the page groups were the same and only gave the warning in the
+problematic case; unfortunately, this is not easy (a patch would be
+welcome). Nevertheless, often one observes that there is no actual
+problem. Then seeing the warnings on every run is just noise, and can
+be suppressed by setting this parameter to a positive number.
+\introduced{1.40.15}
+
+\section{Annotations}
+
+\PDF\ 1.4 provides four basic kinds of annotations:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item hyperlinks, general navigation
+\item text clips (notes)
+\item movies
+\item sound fragments
+\end{itemize}
+
+The first type differs from the other three in that there is a
+designated area involved on which one can click, or when moved over some
+action occurs. \PDFTEX\ is able to calculate this area, as we will see
+later. All annotations can be supported using the next two general
+annotation primitives.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfannot}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfannot} \Something{annot type spec}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This command appends a whatsit node corresponding to an annotation to
+the list being built. The dimensions of the annotation can be controlled
+via the \Something{rule spec}. The default values are ``running'' for
+all width, height and depth. When an annotation is written out, running
+dimensions will take the corresponding values from the box containing
+the whatsit node representing the annotation. The \Something{general
+text} is inserted as raw \PDF\ code to the contents of annotation. The
+annotation is written only if the corresponding whatsit node is searched
+at shipout time.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastannot}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastannot} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This primitive returns the object number of the last annotation created by
+\cs{pdfannot}. These two primitives allow users to create any annotation
+that cannot be created by \cs{pdfstartlink} (see below).
+
+\section{Destinations and links}
+\label{sec.linking}
+
+The first type of annotation (hyperlinks and navigation), mentioned
+above, is implemented by three primitives. The first one is used to
+define a specific location as being referred to. This location is tied
+to the page, not the exact location on the page. The main reason for
+this is that \PDFTEX\ maintains a dedicated list of these annotations,
+and more when optimized, for the sole purpose of speed.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfdest}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfdest} \Something{dest spec}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This primitive appends a whatsit node which establishes a destination
+for links and bookmark outlines; the link is identified by either a
+number or a symbolic name, and the way the viewer is to display the page
+is specified in \Something{dest spec}, which must be one of those
+mentioned in the table below.
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+\bf keyword & \bf meaning \cr
+\tt fit & fit the page in the window \cr
+\tt fith & fit the width of the page \cr
+\tt fitv & fit the height of the page \cr
+\tt fitb & fit the \type{BoundingBox} of the page \cr
+\tt fitbh & fit the width of \type{BoundingBox} of the page \cr
+\tt fitbv & fit the height of \type{BoundingBox} of the page \cr
+\tt fitr \Something{\rm rule spec}
+ & fit according to \Something{\rm rule spec} \cr
+\tt xyz \Optional{zoom \Something{\rm number}}
+ & goto the current position (see below) \cr
+\tt struct \Optional{\Something{\rm number}}
+ & create structure destination (see below) \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+The \Literal{xyz} keyword can optionally be followed by \Literal{zoom}
+\Something{integer} to provide a fixed zoom\hyph in. The
+\Something{integer} is used like the \TEX\ magnification value, \ie\
+1000 is the normal page view. When \Literal{zoom} \Something{integer} is
+given, the zoom factor changes to 0.001 of the \Something{integer}
+value, otherwise the current zoom factor is kept unchanged.
+
+If \Literal{struct} \Something{number} is used, a structure destination
+is created instead of a regular destination, referring to the structure
+element defined in object \Something{number}. Structure destinations use
+a separate namespace and therefore may have the same identifiers as a
+regular destination.
+
+The destination is written out only if the corresponding whatsit node is
+searched at shipout time.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfstartlink}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfstartlink}
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Something{action spec}
+ \Modelist{h, m}
+}}
+
+This primitive is used along with \cs{pdfendlink} and appends
+a whatsit node corresponding to the start of a hyperlink. The whatsit
+node representing the end of the hyperlink is created by
+\cs{pdfendlink}. The dimensions of the link are handled in the
+similar way as in \cs{pdfannot}. Both \cs{pdfstartlink} and
+\cs{pdfendlink} must be in the same level of box nesting. A hyperlink
+with running width can be multi\hyph line or even multi\hyph page, in which case
+all horizontal boxes with the same nesting level as the boxes containing
+\cs{pdfstartlink} and \cs{pdfendlink} will be treated as part of
+the hyperlink. The hyperlink is written out only if the corresponding
+whatsit node is searched at shipout time.
+
+Additional attributes, which are explained in great detail in the
+\PDFReference, can be given via \Something{attr spec}. Typically, the
+attributes specify the color and thickness of any border around the
+link. As a simple example, \verb|/C [0.9 0 0] /Border [0 0 2]| specifies
+a color (in \RGB) of dark red, and a border thickness of 2~points.
+
+While all graphics and text in a \PDF\ document have relative positions,
+annotations have internally hard\hyph coded absolute positions. Again
+this is for the sake of speed optimization. The main disadvantage is
+that these annotations do \emph{not} obey transformations issued by
+\type{\pdfliteral}.
+
+The \Something{action spec} specifies the action that should be
+performed when the hyperlink is activated, one of (see the syntax
+rules): \Literal{user} \Something{user-action spec},
+\Literal{goto} \Something{goto-action spec},
+\Literal{thread} \Something{thread-action spec}.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item A \Something{user-action spec} (\type{user{...}}) performs a
+user\hyph defined action. Examples:
+a \URL, as in \verb|/S /URI /URI (https://tug.org/)|;
+a named action, as in \verb|/S /Named /N /NextPage|.
+
+\item A \Something{goto-action spec} (\type{goto...}) performs various
+goto actions, and is by far the most complex action. Here is a copy of
+the syntax, for easier reference:
+
+\Syntax{\small
+\Something{goto-action spec} \Means %
+ \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{numid}
+ \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid}
+ \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text}
+ \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid} \Something{newwindow spec}
+ \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text} \Something{newwindow spec}
+}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The \Something {numid} and \Something{nameid} alternatives specify a
+destination identifier.
+
+\item The \Something{page spec} alternative specifies a page number for the
+destination. In this case, the zoom factor is given by
+\Something{general text}.
+
+\item The default behavior of \Something{newwindow spec} depends on the
+browser setting.
+
+\item A destination in another \PDF\ file can be given with
+\Something{file spec}, in which case \Something{newwindow spec}
+specifies whether the file should be opened in a new window. A
+\Something{file spec} can be either a \type{(}\Something{string}\type{)}
+or a \type{<<}\Something{dictionary}\type{>>}.
+
+\item If a \Something{goto-action spec} contains a
+\Something{goto-action struct spec}, then a structure destination is
+referenced in addition to the regular destination. The form with
+\Something{general text} is used if and only if a \Something{file spec}
+is present; then the \Something{general text} should expand to a literal
+\PDF\ dictionary describing a structure destination. Otherwise, the
+\Something{numid} or \Something{nameid} directly after the
+\Literal{struct} keyword identify a destination which must have been
+created with \cs{pdfdest} \Literal{struct}\unskip.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item A \Something{thread-action spec} (\type{thread...}) performs
+article thread reading. The thread identifier, \Something{numid} or
+\Something{nameid}, is similar to the destination identifier. A thread
+in another \PDF\ file can be referenced by specifying a \Something{file
+spec}.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfendlink}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfendlink} \Modelist{h, m}}}
+
+This primitive ends a link started with \cs{pdfstartlink}. All text
+between \cs{pdfstartlink} and \cs{pdfendlink} will be treated as part
+of this link. \PDFTEX\ may break the result across lines (or pages), in which
+case it will make several links with the same content.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastlink}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastlink} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This primitive returns the object number of the last link created by
+\cs{pdfstartlink} (analogous to \cs{pdflastannot}).
+\introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflinkmargin}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflinkmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+This dimension parameter specifies the margin of the box representing
+a hyperlink and is read when a page containing hyperlinks is shipped out.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfdestmargin}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfdestmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+Margin added to the dimensions of the rectangle around the destinations.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupdest}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsuppresswarningdupdest} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+Ordinarily, \PDFTEX\ gives a warning when the same destination is used
+more than once. However, due to problematic macro packages, sometimes a
+document may end up producing the warning through no fault of its own,
+and fixing the macros may not be feasible. Then seeing the warnings on
+every run is just noise, and can be suppressed by setting this parameter
+to a positive number. \introduced{1.40.13}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrunninglinkon}, \cs{pdfrunninglinkoff}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrunninglinkoff}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrunninglinkon}}}
+
+These commands create corresponding whatsit nodes which turn off/on
+generation of running links. Their typical usage is to turn off
+generation of running links in the header or footer of a page.
+Generation of running links is on when the shipout routine begins.
+
+The generation of running links works roughly like this: \PDFTEX\ keeps
+a stack of links created by \cs{pdfstartlink}, called
+\type{pdf_link_stack}. When writing out an hbox to \PDF, \PDFTEX\ checks
+if the nesting level of the box is the same as the nesting level of the
+top entry in \type{pdf_link_stack}; if so, that box would become a link,
+too.
+
+The whatsit nodes created by the above primitives turn off/on a flag
+which controls if a hbox being shipped can become a link, in addition to
+the previous condition.
+
+Thus, the commands must be inserted before the hbox in question. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+% (1) good:
+\hbox{\pdfrunninglinkoff
+ \hbox{text that would become a link otherwise}
+}
+
+% (2) bad:
+\hbox{\pdfrunninglinkoff text that would become a link otherwise}
+% too late; \pdfrunninglinkoff must be inserted before the box
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Bookmarks}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfoutline}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfoutline}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Something{action spec}
+ \Optional{\Literal{count} \Something{integer}}
+ \Something{general text}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}
+}}
+
+This primitive creates an outline (or bookmark) entry. The first
+parameter, \Something{attr spec}, specifies the action to be taken, and
+is the same as that allowed for \type{\pdfstartlink}.
+
+The \Literal{count} \Something{integer} specifies the number of direct
+subentries under this entry; specify~0 or omit the clause if this entry
+has no subentries. If the \Something{integer} is negative, then all
+subentries will be closed and the absolute value of this number
+specifies the number of subentries.
+
+The \Something{general text} is what will be shown in the outline
+window. The outline is written to the \PDF\ output immediately.
+
+\section{Article threads}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfthread}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfthread} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Something{id spec} \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+Defines a bead within an article thread. Thread beads with same
+identifiers (spread across the document) will be joined together.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfstartthread}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftstartthread}
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Something{id spec} \Modelist{v, m}}}
+
+This uses the same syntax as \cs{pdfthread}, apart that it must be
+followed by a \cs{pdfendthread}. \cs{pdfstartthread} and the
+corresponding \cs{pdfendthread} must end up in vboxes with the same
+nesting level; all vboxes between them will be added into the thread.
+
+In the output routine, if there are other newly created boxes which have
+the same nesting level as the vbox(es) containing \cs{pdfstartthread}
+and \cs{pdfendthread}, they will be also added into the thread, which is
+probably not what you want. To avoid such undesired behavior, it's often
+enough to wrap boxes that shouldn't belong to the thread by a box to
+change their box nesting level.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfendthread}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfendthread} \Modelist{v, m}}}
+
+This ends an article thread started before by \cs{pdfstartthread}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfthreadmargin}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfthreadmargin} \Whatever{dimen}}}
+
+Specifies a margin to be added to the dimensions of a bead within
+an article thread.
+
+\section{Literals and specials}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfliteral}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfliteral}
+ \Optional{\Literal{shipout}}
+ \Optional{\Literal{direct} \Or \Literal{page}}
+ \Something{general text}
+ \Modelist{h, v, m}
+ }}
+
+Analogous to \cs{special} in the original \TEX, this command inserts
+raw \PDF\ code into the output, appending a whatsit node to the list
+being built. This allows support of color and text transformation, among
+other things.
+
+By default, \Something{general text} is expanded immediately, when the
+whatsit node is created, as with \cs{special}. Starting with \PDFTEX\
+1.40.25, the optional keyword \Literal{shipout} can be used to delay
+expansion of \Something{general text} until the whatsit node is shipped
+out, as with non-\cs{immediate} \cs{write}.
+
+Normally, \PDFTEX\ ends a text section in the \PDF\ output and sets the
+transformation matrix to the current location on the page before
+inserting \Something{general text}; this can be turned off by
+giving the optional keyword \Literal{direct}.
+
+Starting with version 1.30.0, \PDFTEX\ supports the keyword \type{page}
+in addition to \type{direct}. Both modify the default behavior of
+\cs{pdfliteral}, avoiding translation of the coordinate space before
+inserting the literal code. The difference is that the \type{page}
+keyword instructs \PDFTEX\ to close a \type{BT...ET} text block before
+inserting anything. This means that the literal code inserted refers to
+the \PDF\ origin (lower-left corner of the page) and can be safely
+enclosed with \type{q...Q}. In contrast, using \type{q...Q} operators
+inside \cs{pdfliteral} with the \type{direct} keyword will produce
+corrupted \PDF\ output, as the \PDF\ standard doesn't allow doing
+anything like this within a \type{BT...ET} block.
+
+\subsection{\cs{special}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:}
+ \Something{text}\Rbrace}}
+
+This is equivalent to \Syntax{\cs{pdfliteral}
+\Lbrace\Something{text}\Rbrace}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{special\ direct}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:direct:}
+ \Something{text}\Rbrace}}
+
+This is equivalent to \Syntax{\cs{pdfliteral} \Literal{direct}
+\Lbrace\Something{text}\Rbrace}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{special\ page}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{special} \Lbrace\Literal{pdf:page:}
+ \Something{text}\Rbrace}}
+
+This is equivalent to \Syntax{\cs{pdfliteral} \Literal{page}
+\Lbrace\Something{text}\Rbrace}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{special\ shipout}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{special} \Optional{\Literal{shipout}}
+ \Lbrace\Something{text}\Rbrace}}
+
+Starting with version 1.40.25, \PDFTEX\ extends the \cs{special}
+primitive to support the optional keyword \Literal{shipout}. This delays
+expansion of \Something{text} until the page is shipped out, as with
+non-\cs{immediate} \cs{write}. By default, \Something{text} is expanded
+immediately.
+
+\Syntax{\cs{special} \Literal{shipout} \Lbrace \Literal{pdf:}
+\Something{text}\Rbrace} is equivalent to \Syntax{\cs{pdfliteral}
+\Literal{shipout} \Lbrace \Something{text}\Rbrace}.
+
+\section{Strings}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfescapestring}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfescapestring} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Starting with version 1.30.0, \PDFTEX\ provides a mechanism for
+converting a general text into \PDF\ string. Many characters that may be
+needed inside such a text (notably parentheses), have a special meaning
+inside a \PDF\ string object and thus, can't be used literally. The
+primitive replaces each special \PDF\ character by its literal
+representation by inserting a backslash before that character. Some
+characters (\eg\ space) are also converted into 3\hyph digit octal
+number. For example, \verb|\pdfescapestring{Text (1)}| will be expanded
+to \type{Text\040\(1\)}. This ensures a literal interpretation of the
+text by the \PDF\ viewer. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfescapename}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfescapename} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Analogous to \cs{pdfescapestring}, \cs{pdfescapename} replaces each
+special \PDF\ character inside the general text by its hexadecimal
+representation preceded by a \type{#} character. This ensures the proper
+interpretation of the text if used as a \PDF\ name object. In example,
+\verb|Text (1)| will be replaced by \type{Text#20#281#29}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfescapehex}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfescapehex} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command converts each character of \Something{general text} into its
+hexadecimal representation. Each character of the argument becomes a pair of
+hexadecimal digits. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfunescapehex}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfunescapehex} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command treats each character pair of \Something{general text} as
+a hexadecimal number and returns the corresponding characters.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfstrcmp}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfstrcmp} \Something{general text}
+ \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command compares two strings and expands to \type{0} if the strings
+are equal, to \type{-1} if the first string ranks before the second, and
+to \type{1} otherwise. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmatch}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmatch} \Optional{\Literal{icase}}
+ \Optional{\Literal{subcount} \Something{integer}} \Something{general text}
+ \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This command implements pattern matching, using \POSIX\ extended regular
+expression syntax. The first \Something{general text} is a pattern and
+the second is a string. The command expands to \type{-1} if the pattern
+is invalid, to \type{0} if no match is found, and to \type{1} if a match
+is found. With the \type{icase} option, the matching is
+case-insensitive. The \type{subcount} option sets the size of the table
+storing the found (sub)patterns; its default is 10. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastmatch}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastmatch} \Something{integer}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+The matches found with \cs{pdfmatch} are stored in a table. This command
+returns the entry for match \Something{integer}, in the format
+\Something{position}\type{->}\Something{string}; \Something{position} is
+the position of the match (starting at zero) or \type{-1} if no match
+was found, and \Something{string} is the matched substring.
+
+Entry~0 contains the match as a whole; the subsequent entries contain
+submatches corresponding to the subpatterns, up to \type{subcount-1}.
+
+If \Something{integer} is less than zero, an error is given.
+
+For instance:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\pdfmatch subcount 3 {ab(cd)*ef(gh)(ij)}{abefghij}
+\pdflastmatch0 % "0->abefghij"
+\pdflastmatch1 % "-1->"
+\pdflastmatch2 % "4->gh"
+\pdflastmatch3 % "-1->"
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Entry~1 is empty because no match was found for \type{cd}, and entry~3
+is empty because it exceeds the table's size as set by \type{subcount}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\section{Numbers}
+
+\subsection{\cs{ifpdfabsnum}, \cs{ifpdfabsdim}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{ifpdfabsnum} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{ifpdfabsdim} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This conditional works like the standard \cs{ifnum} (resp.\ \cs{ifdim}),
+except that it compares absolute values of numbers (dimensions).
+Although it seems to be a trivial shortcut for a couple of regular
+\cs{if} tests, as primitives they are considerably simpler and faster to
+use. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfnormaldeviate}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfnormaldeviate} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Generate a normally-distributed random integer with a mean of~0 and
+standard deviation 65536. That is, about 68\% of the time, the result
+will be between $-65536$ and $65536$ (one standard deviation away from
+the mean). About 95\% of results will be within two standard deviations,
+and 99.7\% within three. This primitive expands to a list of tokens.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfuniformdeviate}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfuniformdeviate} \Something{number}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Generate a uniformly-distributed random integer value between 0
+(inclusive) and \Something{number} (exclusive). This primitive expands
+to a list of tokens. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrandomseed}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrandomseed} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+You can use \cs{pdfrandomseed} to query the current seed value, so you
+can \eg\ write the value to the log file. The initial value of the seed
+is derived from the system time, and is not more than 1\,000\,999\,999
+(this ensures that the value can be used with commands like \cs{count}).
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsetrandomseed}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsetrandomseed} \Something{number}}}
+
+Set the random seed (\cs{pdfrandomseed}) to a specific value,
+allowing you to replay sequences of semi-randoms at a later moment.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\section{Timekeeping}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfelapsedtime}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfelapsedtime} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+Return a number that represents the time elapsed from the moment of the
+start of the run. The elapsed time is returned in `scaled seconds',
+meaning seconds divided by 65536, \eg\ \PDFTEX\ has run for
+\the\pdfelapsedtime\ `scaled seconds' when this paragraph was typeset.
+The primitive will never return a value greater than the highest number
+available in \TeX: if the time exceeds 32767 seconds, the constant value
+$2^{31}-1$ will be returned. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfresettimer}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfresettimer}}}
+
+Reset the internal timer so that \cs{pdfelapsedtime}
+starts returning the scaled seconds from~0 again. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\section{Files}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffiledump}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffiledump}
+ \Optional{\Literal{offset} \Something{integer}}
+ \Optional{\Literal{length} \Something{integer}}
+ \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Expands to the dump of the first \type{length} \Something{integer} bytes
+of the file specified by \Something{general text}, in uppercase
+hexadecimal format (same as \cs{pdfescapehex}), starting at offset
+\type{offset}~\Something{number}, or the beginning of the file if
+\type{offset} is zero or not specified. If \type{length} is not given,
+the default is zero, so expands to nothing. Both \Something{integer}s
+must be $\ge0$. For example, the first ten bytes of the source of this
+manual are {\tt\pdffiledump length 10 {./\jobname}}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffilesize}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffilesize} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Expands to the size of the file specified by \Something{general text},
+\eg\ {\tt \pdffilesize{./\jobname}} for the source of this manual.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfmdfivesum\ file}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfmdfivesum}
+ \Optional{\Literal{file}}
+ \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+If the keyword \type{file} is given, expands to the \MDFIVE\ checksum of
+the \Something{general text} in uppercase hexadecimal format (same as
+\cs{pdfescapehex}). Without \type{file}, expands to the \MDFIVE\ of the
+\Something{general text} taken as a string. For example, the \MDFIVE\ of
+the source for this manual is {\tt \pdfmdfivesum file{./\jobname}}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdffilemoddate}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdffilemoddate} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Expands to the modification date of file specified by \Something{general
+text}, in the same format as for \cs{pdfcreationdate}, \eg\ {\tt
+\pdffilemoddate {./\jobname}} for the source of this manual. As of
+\PDFTEX\ 1.40.20, if the \type{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} and
+\type{FORCE_SOURCE_DATE} environment variables are both set,
+\cs{pdffilemoddate} returns a value in UTC, ending in \type{Z}.
+\introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{input}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{input} \Something{general text}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+As of \TEXLIVE\ 2020, the \cs{input} primitive in all \TEX\ engines,
+including \PDFTEX, now also accepts a group-delimited filename argument,
+as a system-dependent extension, as in
+\cs{input}\Lbrace\type{foo.tex}\Rbrace. The standard usage of \cs{input}
+with a space/token-delimited filename is completely unchanged.
+
+This group-delimited argument was previously implemented in Lua\TEX; now
+it is available in all engines. \ASCII\ double quote characters
+(\type{"}) are removed from the filename, but it is otherwise left
+unchanged after tokenization.
+
+This extension is unlike most others in that it affects a primitive in
+standard \TEX\ (\cs{input}), rather than being related to a new
+primitive, command line option, etc. This is allowed because additional
+methods of recognizing filenames are explicitly mentioned in
+\type{tex.web} as acceptable system-dependent extensions.
+
+Incidentally, this does not directly affect \LATEX's \cs{input}
+command, as that is a macro redefinition of the standard \cs{input}
+primitive.
+
+\introduced{1.40.21}
+
+\section{Color stack}
+
+\PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 introduced color stack support; more generally, stacks
+of any graphic state.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcolorstackinit}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcolorstackinit} \Optional{\Literal{page}}
+ \Optional{\Literal{direct}} \Something{general text} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+The primitive initializes a new graphic stack and returns its number.
+The optional \Literal{page} keyword instructs \PDFTEX\ to restore the
+graphic at the beginning of every new page. The optional
+\Literal{direct} keyword has the same effect as for \cs{pdfliteral}
+primitive. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfcolorstack}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfcolorstack} \Something{stack number}
+ \Something{stack action} \Something{general text}}}
+\noindent \Something{stack action} \Means
+ \Literal{set} \Or \Literal{push} \Or \Literal{pop} \Or \Literal{current}
+
+The command operates on the stack of a given \Something{stack number}.
+If \Something{stack action} is:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\Literal{push}:] the new value in \Something{general text} is inserted at
+the top of the graphic stack and becomes the current stack value.
+
+\item[\Literal{pop}:] the top value is removed from the stack and the new
+top value becomes the top of the stack.
+
+\item[\Literal{set}:] the current value is replaced with
+\Something{general text}, without changing the stack size.
+
+\item[\Literal{current}:] the current stack value is return without
+modifying the stack.
+\end{description}
+
+\introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\section{Transformations}
+
+Since the content of \cs{pdfliteral} is not interpreted, any
+transformation inserted directly into the content stream, as well as
+saving and restoring the current transformation matrix, will be
+unnoticed by \PDFTEX's positioning mechanism. As a consequence, links
+and other annotations (that are formed in \PDF\ on a different layer
+then the page content) are not affected by such user-defined
+transformations. \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0 solves this problem with three new
+primitives.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsetmatrix}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsetmatrix}}}
+
+Affine transformations are normally expressed with six numbers. The
+first four (no unit) values defining scaling, rotating and skewing, plus
+two extra dimensions for translation (shifting). Since translation is
+handled by \TeX\ itself, the \cs{pdfsetmatrix} primitive expects as an
+argument a string containing just the first four numbers of the
+transformation separated by a space and assumes the two position
+coordinates to be~0.
+
+For example, \verb|\pdfsetmatrix{0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87}| rotates the
+current space by 30 degrees, inserting
+\verb|0.87 -0.5 0.5 0.87 0 0 cm| into the output. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsave}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsave}}}
+
+The command saves the current transformation by inserting the \type{q}
+operator into the content stream. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfrestore}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfrestore}}}
+
+The command restores previously saved transformation by inserting the
+\type{Q} operator into the content stream. \cs{pdfsave} and
+\cs{pdfrestore} pairs should always be properly nested and should start
+and end at the same group level. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\section{Macro programming}
+
+Expansion-related commands.
+
+\subsection{\cs{expanded}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{expanded} \Something{tokens}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Expands \Something{tokens} in exactly the same way as \cs{message}. In
+contrast to \cs{edef}, macro parameter characters do not need to be
+doubled. \cs{protected} macros (q.v.) are not expanded.
+\introduced{1.40.20}
+
+\subsection{\cs{ifincsname}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{ifincsname} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This conditional is true if evaluated inside \cs{csname} \ldots
+\cs{endcsname}, and false otherwise.
+
+\subsection{\cs{ifpdfprimitive}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{ifpdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+This conditional checks if the following control sequence has its
+primitive meaning. If so, \cs{ifpdfprimitive} is true. In any other case
+(redefined, made \cs{undefined}, has never been primitive), it is false.
+\introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{partokencontext}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{partokencontext} \Something{number}}}
+
+The \varname{par-token} (\ie\ the token with the name given by
+\cs{partokenname}, which is \cs{par} by default; see \cs{partokenname},
+next) is inserted into the input stream in different places, according
+to the \cs{partokencontext} value. This value can be:
+
+0 (the default): {\em par-token} is inserted at empty lines (more
+ exactly, when a token category~5 is seen in state~$N$, reading a
+ line); before \cs{end}, \cs{vskip}, \cs{hrule}, \cs{unvbox}, and
+ \cs{halign}, if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode when those commands are
+ seen; and in various error recovery situations. These are the
+ standard cases in \TeX.
+
+1: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
+ \cs{vbox}, \cs{vtop}, and \cs{vcenter}, if \TeX{} is in
+ horizontal mode at the time.
+
+2: {\em par-token} is inserted as above, and also at the end of
+ \cs{insert}, \cs{vadjust}, \cs{output}, \cs{noalign}, and
+ items of \cs{valign}, again if \TeX{} is in horizontal mode at the
+ time.
+
+With the default \cs{partokencontext=0}, \TEX\ behaves in its normal
+way: the situations in cases 1 and 2 are processed by a direct call of
+{\em end-paragraph} routine, with no emitted {\em par-token}.
+
+If \cs{partokencontext=1} then \TeX\ inserts the {\em par-token} in
+additional cases: when vertical boxes are completed but horizontal mode
+is not finished. Since vboxes are not uncommonly inserted directly by
+users, with horizontal mode material, this allows macro programmers to
+control all such boxes being finished by a {\em par-token}. An example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\partokenname\_mypar
+\partokencontext=1
+\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
+\vbox{Vbox text.}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This will output ``Hi there!''\ after ``Vbox text.''.
+
+Finally, with \cs{partokencontext=2}, all cases where classical \TeX\
+uses the direct {\em end-paragraph} routine are changed to emit the {\em
+par-token} instead. In contrast to case~1, these commands are rarely
+invoked directly by users with horizontal mode material.
+
+The setting of the register \cs{partokencontext} is local.
+
+\introduced{1.40.24}
+
+\subsection{\cs{partokenname}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{partokenname} \Something{control sequence}}}
+
+\TeX{} internally inserts a control sequence, named \cs{par} by
+default, into the input stream at empty lines, the end of vboxes, and
+various other places (see \cs{partokencontext}, above). Let's call this
+control sequence the \varname{par-token}.
+
+Executing \cs{partokenname}\Something{control sequence} changes the
+name of the \varname{par-token} from \cs{par} to the given
+\Something{control sequence}. The setting performed by
+\cs{partokenname} is global.
+
+This makes it possible to release the name \cs{par} to the ``user's name
+space'', \ie\ after using \cs{partokenname}, users can define and use
+\cs{par} as they wish without changing the behavior of anything internal
+to \TeX{}. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\catcode`\_=11
+\partokenname\_mypar % use \_mypar at user level
+\let\_mypar=\par % make \_mypar equivalent to built-in \par
+%
+\def\par{some random text} % redefine \par
+%
+Hello world.
+
+Goodbye.
+\end
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This will not output ``\verb|some random text|'' (the definition of
+\cs{par}), due to the \cs{partokenname} setting.
+
+By default, the meaning of the \varname{par-token} is to end a paragraph
+(also named as \cs{endgraf} in the plain \TEX\ format). It can be
+changed as usual with, for example, \cs{def}. Naturally, it is the
+control sequence name given to \cs{partokenname} that must be
+redefined. Continuing the previous example (prior to the \cs{end}):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\_mypar{Hi there!\endgraf}
+Paragraph one.
+
+Paragraph two.\let\_mypar=\endgraf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This will output ``Hi there!''\ after ``Paragraph one.'', before ending
+the paragraph.
+
+Another behavior of the \varname{par-token} built into \TEX\ is that
+macros not defined as \cs{long} cause the error ``runaway argument'' if
+the \varname{par-token} is scanned as a parameter. After
+\cs{setpartokenname}, it will be the new control sequence name that
+triggers this error, not \cs{par}. For instance (still continuing the
+same example):
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\amac#1{}
+\amac{long test, no error: \par}
+\amac{long test, gives error: \_mypar}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\introduced{1.40.24}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfprimitive}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfprimitive} \Something{control sequence}}}
+
+This command executes the primitive meaning of the following control
+sequence, regardless of whether the control sequence has been redefined
+or made undefined. If the primitive was expandable, \cs{pdfprimitive}
+expands also. On the other hand, if the following control sequence never
+was a primitive, nothing happens and no error is raised. (In some
+versions of \PDFTEX\ prior to 1.40.19, an error was wrongly given.)
+\introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\section{Typesetting}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfinsertht}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfinsertht} \Something{integer}
+ \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+If \Something{integer} is the number of an insertion class, this command
+returns the current height of the corresponding box. For instance, the
+following returns \type{12pt} in plain \TEX:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+Abc\footnote*{Whatever.}\par
+\pdfinsertht\footins
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdflastxpos}, \cs{pdflastypos}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastxpos} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdflastypos} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This primitive returns an integer number representing the absolute $x$
+resp.\ $y$ coordinate of the last point marked by \cs{pdfsavepos}. The
+unit is scaled points (sp).
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfsavepos}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfsavepos} \Modelist{h, v, m}}}
+
+This primitive marks the current absolute ($x,y$) position on the media,
+with the reference point in the lower left corner. It is active only
+during page shipout, when the final page is assembled. The position
+coordinates can then be retrieved by the \cs{pdflastxpos} and
+\cs{pdflastypos} primitives, and \eg\ written out to some auxiliary
+file. The coordinates can be used only after the current \cs{shipout}
+has been finalized, therefore normally two \PDFTEX\ runs are required to
+utilize these primitives. Starting with \PDFTEX\ 1.40.0, this mechanism
+can also be used while running in \DVI\ mode.
+
+\subsection{\cs{quitvmode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{quitvmode}}}
+
+The primitive instructs \PDFTEX\ to quit vertical mode and start
+typesetting a paragraph. Thus, \cs{quitvmode} has the same basic effect
+as the \cs{leavevmode} macro from \type{plain.tex}. However,
+\cs{leavevmode} expands the \cs{everypar} token list, which may or may
+not be desired. \cs{quitvmode} does not expand \cs{everypar}.
+\introduced{1.21a}
+
+\subsection{\cs{vadjust}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{vadjust}
+ \Optional{\Something{pre spec}}
+ \Something{filler}
+ \Lbrace \Something{vertical mode material} \Rbrace
+ \Modelist{h, m}
+}}
+
+In \PDFTEX, the \cs{vadjust} primitive supports an additional optional
+qualifier \Something{pre spec}, which is simply the string \type{pre},
+to the original \TEX. If no \type{pre} is given, \cs{vadjust} behaves
+exactly as the original (see {\em The \TEX book}, p.~281): it appends an
+adjustment item created from \Something{vertical mode material} to the
+current list {\em after} the line in which \cs{vadjust} appears. In
+contrast, with the qualifier \type{pre}, the adjustment item is put {\em
+before} the line in which \cs{vadjust pre} appears.
+
+\section{Tracing}
+
+\subsection{\cs{showstream}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{showstream} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If this primitive parameter has a value corresponding to an open output
+stream (which has been opened with \cs{openout}), then any \cs{show},
+\cs{showthe}, \cs{showbox} or \cs{showlists} commands do not write
+output to the terminal, but instead write only to the referenced output
+stream, as if they were written with \cs{immediate}\cs{write}.
+
+For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newwrite\myoutstream
+\immediate\openout\myoutstream="infofile"
+\showstream=\myoutstream
+% From now on, \show... commands are redirected to "infofile.tex".
+\show\TeX
+%
+\showstream=-1
+% -1 is never a open file and therefore restores
+% normal \show... behavior.
+\immediate\closeout\myoutstream
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This example would not generate any special output to the terminal or
+log file (except for any logging done by \cs{newwrite}. It writes
+this text to \type{infofile.tex}, including the initial blank line,
+since that is what \cs{show} does:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+> \TeX=macro:
+->T\kern -.1667em\lower .5ex\hbox {E}\kern -.125emX
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This primitive is available, with identical behavior, in all \TeX\
+engines except the original \TEX\ and \eTeX, where \cs{showstream}
+remains undefined. \introduced{1.40.24}
+
+\subsection{\cs{tracinglostchars}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{tracinglostchars} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+This primitive parameter has always been part of \TEX, and its operation
+with values $\le2$ is unchanged. In addition, if its value is
+$\ge3$, then ``Missing character'' reports become full errors
+(ordinarily they are only logged), and the character code is reported in
+hex. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\tracinglostchars=3
+\font\x=logo10 \x \char99 \end
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent will result in this error message:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+! Missing character: There is no c ("63) in font logo10.
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent (The \type{logo10} font only defines the capital letters used
+in the \METAFONT\ and \METAPOST\ logos, so there is no lowercase.)
+
+This new behavior is essentially the same in all \TeX\ engines except
+the original \TEX\ and \eTeX, where the behavior of
+\cs{tracinglostchars} remains unchanged.
+
+\introduced{1.40.22}
+
+\subsection{\cs{tracingstacklevels}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{tracingstacklevels} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+If this primitive parameter is $>0$, and $\cs{tracingmacros}>0$, macro
+expansion logging is truncated at the specified depth. Also, and more
+importantly, each relevant log line is given a prefix beginning with
+\type{~}, either followed by a \type{.} character for each expansion
+level or another \type{~} if the expansion was truncated. For example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\tracingmacros=1 % so macro expansion is logged at all
+\tracingstacklevels=2 % cut off at level 2
+\def\a#1{\relax} % argument to show parameter logging is affected too
+\def\b#1{\a{#1}}
+\b1
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent logs the following:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+~.\b #1->\a {#1}
+#1<-1
+~~\a
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Thus, the expansion of \cs{b} is logged normally, with the addition
+of the \type{~.} prefix. The expansion of \cs{a} is truncated
+(level~2), hence neither the parameters nor body expansion are shown.
+
+Furthermore, an \cs{input} file counts as an expansion level, and the
+input filename is logged. So, if we add this to our example above:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\input anotherfile
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\noindent where \type{anotherfile.tex} simply contains \cs{b2}, the log
+will get:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+~.INPUT anotherfile.tex
+~~\b
+~~\a
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Now the \cs{b} expansion is not logged either, since the expansion
+depth is higher than the \cs{tracingstacklevels} value.
+
+The intended use of \cs{tracingstacklevels} is not so much to truncate
+logging as to indicate expansion levels for detailed debugging. Thus
+normally it would be set to a large number (\cs{maxdimen}), so that
+everything is fully logged, with the addition of the expansion level
+indication with the number of dots in the prefix.
+
+This primitive is available, with identical behavior, in all \TeX\
+engines except the original \TEX\ and \eTeX, where
+\cs{tracingstacklevels} remains undefined. \introduced{1.40.22}
+
+\section{\PDFTEX\ execution environment}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfdraftmode}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfdraftmode} \Whatever{integer}}}
+
+When set to 1 (or set by the command-line switch \type{-draftmode}),
+\PDFTEX\ doesn't write the output \PDF\ file and doesn't read any
+images, but does do everything else (including writing auxiliary files),
+thus speeding up compilations when you know you need an extra run but
+don't care about the output, \eg\ just to get cross-references started.
+If specified, the parameter must appear before any data is written to
+the \PDF\ output. \introduced{1.40.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdfshellescape}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdfshellescape} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+This primitive is~1 if \cs{write18} is enabled, 2 if its operation is
+restricted to known-safe programs, and 0 otherwise. \introduced{1.30.0}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftexbanner}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftexbanner} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Returns the \PDFTEX\ banner message, \eg\ for the version used here:
+{\tt \pdftexbanner}. \introduced{1.20a}
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftexrevision}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftexrevision} \Whatever{expandable}}}
+
+Returns the revision number of \PDFTEX, \eg\ for \PDFTEX\ version
+\currentpdftex\ (used to produce this document), it returns the number
+{\tt \pdftexrevision}.
+
+\subsection{\cs{pdftexversion}}
+\pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\cs{pdftexversion} \Whatever{read-only integer}}}
+
+Returns the version of \PDFTEX\ multiplied by 100, excluding the tertiary
+version number, \eg\ for \PDFTEX\ version \currentpdftex\ (used to
+produce this document), it returns {\tt \number\pdftexversion}.
+
+\chapter{Graphics}
+
+\PDFTEX\ supports inclusion of pictures in \PNG, \JPEG, \JBIGTWO, and
+\PDF\ format; a few differences between these are discussed below. The
+most common technique with \TEX, the inclusion of \EPS\ figures, is not
+(and cannot be) supported; \PDF\ inclusion is usually the easiest
+replacement. \EPS\ files can be converted to \PDF\ by \GHOSTSCRIPT,
+Adobe Distiller or other \POSTSCRIPT\hyph to\hyph \PDF\ converters.
+
+\PDFTEX\ allows inserting selected pages from \PDF\ files, carry their
+own fonts, graphics, and pixel images, into a document. The cover page
+of this manual is an example of such an insert, being a one-page
+document generated by \PDFTEX.
+
+By default \PDFTEX\ takes the BoundingBox of a \PDF\ file from its
+CropBox if available, otherwise from its MediaBox. This can be
+influenced by the \Something{pdf box spec} option to the \cs{pdfximage}
+primitive, or by setting the \cs{pdfpagebox} or \cs{pdfforcepagebox}
+primitives to a value corresponding to the desired box type.
+
+To get the right BoundingBox from a \EPS\ file, before converting to
+\PDF, it is necessary to transform the \EPS\ file so that the start
+point is at the (0,0)~coordinate and the page size is set exactly
+corresponding to the BoundingBox. A \PERL\ script (\EPSTOPDF) for this
+purpose and the \PSTOPDF\ program that comes with \GHOSTSCRIPT\ can do a
+similar job. (Concerning this conversion, they can handle complete
+directories, remove some garbage from files, takes precautions against
+duplicate conversion, etc.)
+
+The lossless compressing \PNG\ format is useful for embedding crisp
+pixel graphics (\eg\ line scans, screenshots). As of \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0,
+the alpha channel of \PNG\ images is processed if available; this allows
+embedding of images with simple transparency. The \PNG\ format does not
+support the CMYK color model, which is sometimes required for print
+media (this often can be replaced by four component \JPEG\ in high
+quality or lossless compression mode). Photos in \PNG\ format have
+rather poor compression; here the \JPEG\ format is preferable.
+
+Embedding \PNG\ images in the general case requires \PDFTEX\ to
+uncompress the pixel array and to re\hyph compress it to the \PDF\
+requirements; this may take a noticeable amount of time. Since \PDFTEX\
+1.30.0 there is now a fast \PNG\ embedding mode that goes without
+uncompressing; the image data are directly copied into the \PDF\ stream,
+resulting in a much higher embedding speed. This direct mode is only
+activated if the image array structure of the \PNG\ file is compatible
+with the \PDF\ image structure; \eg\ an interlaced \PNG\ image requires
+uncompressing to re\hyph arrange the image lines. Luckily, it seems that
+in practice \PNG\ files commonly allow fast copying. The use of gamma
+correction disables fast copying, as it requires calculations with
+individual pixels. Whether the fast copy mode is used for a \PNG\ image
+can be seen from the log file, which then shows the string `(PNG copy)'
+after the \PNG\ file name.
+
+The \JPEG\ format is normally used in lossy mode; then it's ideal for
+embedding photos. It's not recommended for crisp images from synthetic
+sources with a limited amount of colors. Both \JFIF\ and \EXIF\ are
+supported for additional information.
+
+The \JBIGTWO\ format works only for bi-tonal (black and white) pixel
+images like scanned line and text documents, but for these it has
+typically a much higher compression ratio than the other two pixel image
+formats. The \JBIGTWO\ format is part of the \PDF\ standard since
+version 1.5; native \JBIGTWO\ image inclusion is available in \PDFTEX\
+since version 1.40.0. A \JBIGTWO\ file might contain many images, which
+gives an even better compression ratio than with a single image per
+file, as \JBIGTWO\ encoders can exploit similarities between bit
+patterns over several images. Encoders for \JBIGTWO\ can operate in
+lossy as well as lossless modes. A free \JBIGTWO\ encoder is available:
+see \useurl{jbigenc} (perhaps there are others).
+
+Other options for graphics in \PDFTEX\ are:
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\LATEX\ picture mode] Since this is implemented simply in terms
+of font characters, it works in exactly the same way as usual.
+
+\item[Xy-pic] If the \POSTSCRIPT\ backend is not requested, Xy-pic
+uses its own Type~1 fonts, and needs no special attention.
+
+\item[tpic] The tpic \cs{special} commands (used in some
+macro packages) can be redefined to produce literal \PDF, using some macros
+written by Hans Hagen.
+
+\item[\METAPOST] Although the output of \METAPOST\ is
+\POSTSCRIPT, it is in a highly simplified form, and a \METAPOST\ to
+\PDF\ conversion (\MPTOPDF, available as \type{supp-pdf.tex} and
+\type{supp-pdf.mkii}, written by Hans Hagen and Tanmoy Bhattacharya) is
+implemented as a set of macros which reads \METAPOST\ output and
+supports all of its features.
+
+\end{description}
+
+The inclusion of raw \POSTSCRIPT\ commands, a technique utilized by for
+instance the \type{pstricks} package, cannot directly be supported.
+Although \PDF\ is a direct descendant of \POSTSCRIPT, it lacks any
+programming language commands, and cannot deal with arbitrary
+\POSTSCRIPT.
+
+\chapter{Additional \PDF\ keys}
+\label{sec.addpdfkeys}
+
+{\em This section is based on the manual on keys written by Martin Schr\"oder.}
+
+A \PDF\ document should contain only the structures and attributes defined
+in the \PDF\ specification. However, the specification allows applications
+to insert additional keys, provided they follow certain rules.
+
+The most important rule is that developers have to register with Adobe
+prefixes for the keys they want to insert. Hans Hagen has registered the
+prefix \type{PTEX} for \PDFTEX.
+
+\PDFTEX\ generates an XObject for every included \PDF\ image. The dictionary of
+this object contains these additional keys:
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{lll}
+\bf key & \bf type & meaning \cr
+\tt PTEX.FileName & string & The name of the included file as seen by
+ \PDFTEX. \cr
+\tt PTEX.InfoDict & dictionary & The \type{InfoDict}
+ of the included \PDF\ (an indirect
+ object). \cr
+\tt PTEX.PageNumber & integer & The page number of the included file. \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+The \PDFReference\ says: ``Although viewer applications can
+store custom metadata in the document information dictionary, it is
+inappropriate to store private content or structural information there;
+such information should be stored in the document catalog instead.''
+
+Although it would seem more natural to put this information in the
+document information dictionary, we have to obey the rules laid down in
+the \PDFReference. The following key ends up in the document catalog.
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{llp{.66\hsize}}
+\bf key & \bf type & meaning \cr
+\tt PTEX.Fullbanner & string & The full version of the \PDFTEX\
+ binary that produced the file as displayed by {\tt pdftex
+ \type{--version}}, a.k.a.\ \cs{pdftexbanner} ({\tt\pdftexbanner}).
+ This is necessary because the string in the \type{Producer} key in
+ the info dictionary is rather short, namely {\tt
+ pdfTeX-\currentpdftex}. \cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+Any or all of these keys can be suppressed with the
+\cs{pdfsuppressptexinfo} primitive, described in
+section~\ref{sec.docinfocatalog}.
+
+\chapter{Character translation}
+
+Characters that are input to \PDFTEX\ are subject to optional \TEX\
+character translation (\TCX) under control of a \TCX\ file. The \TCX\
+maps the input character codes (\eg\ from \cs{input} or \cs{read}) to
+the character codes as seen by \PDFTEX. This mapping takes place before
+the characters enter \PDFTEX's `mouth'. If no \TCX\ file is read, the
+input characters enter \PDFTEX\ directly; no mapping is done.
+
+\TCX\ files consist of lines each containing one or two integer numbers
+in the range 0..255, either in decimal or hex notation. A comment sign
+\type{%} in a \TCX\ line starts a comment until the end of line. The
+first number in each line is for matching the input character code, the
+second, optional number is the corresponding \TEX\ character code. If a
+line contains only one number, characters with this code enter \PDFTEX\
+unchanged; no mapping is done.
+
+\TCX\ mapping also influences \PDFTEX\ output streams for \cs{message}
+and \cs{write}. Without \TCX\ mapping, only characters that are within
+the range 32..126 are flagged as `printable', meaning that these
+characters are output directly by \cs{message} and \cs{write}
+primitives. Characters outside the range 32..126 are instead output in
+escaped form, \eg\ as \type{^^A} for a character with code \type{0x01}.
+When a character code is mentioned in the 2nd column of the \TCX\ file,
+or as the only value in a line, it is flagged as `printable'. During
+\cs{message} and \cs{write}, output characters are mapped in reverse
+direction: they are looked up in the 2nd column of the \TCX\ file and
+the corresponding values from the 1st column are output. Again, if a
+\PDFTEX\ character code is found as the only number in a line, no
+mapping is done. Mentioning a character code as the only number on a
+line has the sole purpose to flag this code `printable'.
+
+The characters output into the \PDF\ file, \eg\ by the \cs{pdfliteral}
+or \cs{special} primitives, are not subject to \TCX\ output remapping.
+
+Beware: Character translation interferes with the \ENCTEX\ primitives; to
+avoid surprises, don't use \ENCTEX\ and \TCX\ mapping at the same time.
+Further details about \TCX\ file loading can be found in the \WEBC\
+manual, \useurl{tcxfiles}.
+
+Nowadays \TCX\ files are rarely used. The \type{-8bit} command line
+option makes all characters printable, when that is desired.
+
+\appendix
+
+\chapter{Installation}
+
+This section describes the steps needed to get \PDFTEX\ running on a
+system where \PDFTEX\ is not yet installed. Nowadays all known \TEX\
+distributions, such as \TEXLIVE, \MIKTEX, and \MACTEX, include \PDFTEX\
+already. For example, the \TEXLIVE\ distribution comes with \PDFTEX\
+versions for many \UNIX, \WIN, and Mac systems; more information
+can be found at \hbox{\useurl{texlive}.} When you use any of these
+distributions, you don't need to bother with the \PDFTEX\ installation
+procedure in this chapter.
+
+If there is no precompiled \PDFTEX\ binary for your system, or the
+version coming with a distribution is not the current one and you would
+like to try out a fresh \PDFTEX\ immediately, you will need to build
+\PDFTEX\ from sources; read on. You should already have a working \TEX\
+system, \eg\ \TEXLIVE, into which the freshly compiled \PDFTEX\ will be
+integrated. (Numerous support files are required in order to have a
+working binary.) Note that the installation description in this manual
+is \WEBC\hyph specific.
+
+\section{Getting sources and binaries}
+
+The primary home page is \useurl{ptexorg}, where you also find bug
+tracking information. Development sources are at \useurl{ptexdevel}.
+Precompiled binaries for some platforms are available in subdirectories
+below \useurl{ctansystems}, although these are unlikely to be up to
+date. Your best bet is to use a current \TEX\ distribution.
+
+\section{Compiling}
+
+Given a directory where the sources have been downloaded or checked out,
+some working on a \UNIX\ system the following steps are needed to
+compile \PDFTEX:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+cd source # from branches/stable!
+./build-pdftex.sh
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The binary \filename{pdftex} will hopefully then end up in the
+subdirectory \filename{build-pdftex/texk/web2c}. The additional
+utilities \filename{pdftosrc} and \filename{ttf2afm} are in the \PDFTEX\
+source repository, but are not built by default. If they are needed,
+edit \filename{build-pdftex.sh} to \type{--enable} them.
+
+For \PDFTEX\ maintainers: a sibling script to \type{build-pdftex.sh} is
+in the repository, namely \type{sync-pdftex.sh}, which syncs changes
+from a \TEXLIVE\ source repository to a \PDFTEX\ source repository. Read
+and understand the script before using it!
+
+\section{Placing files}
+
+The next step is to put the newly-compiled \filename{pdftex} (and, if
+enabled, \filename{pdftosrc} and/or \filename{ttf2afm}) binaries into
+the installed distribution. \Eg\ for a typical \TEXLIVE\ system:\\
+\texttt{/usr/local/texlive/\rcsyear/bin/}\type{x86_64-linux}, replacing
+\type{x86_64-linux} with the appropriate platform name. (As always, it
+is sensible to rename the installed \filename{pdftex} binary first and
+not just overwrite it.)
+
+If you're doing this into a live hierarchy, run \verb|fmtutil-sys refresh|
+afterwards, so that all formats are regenerated system-wide
+with the new \filename{pdftex} binary.
+
+If what you want is to test a new version of \filename{pdftex}, and not
+replace the installed version, the best approach is to copy it into the
+binary directory as, say, \filename{pdftex.new}. The different
+executable name can sometimes change the files found and other behavior,
+but usually this won't matter.
+
+\PDFTEX\ uses the Kpathsea library to search for supporting files; many
+variables and configuration files can come into play. See the Kpathsea
+manual: \useurl{kpathsea}.
+
+\section{Configuration of \PDFTEX}
+\label{sec.cfg}
+
+As opposed to \TEX\ with its \DVI\ output, the \PDFTEX\ program does not
+have a separate postprocessing stage to transform the \TEX\ input into
+final \PDF. As a consequence, all data needed for building the \PDF\
+must be available during the \PDFTEX\ run, in particular information on
+media dimensions and offsets, graphics files for embedding, and font
+information (font files, encodings).
+
+When \TEX\ builds a page, it places items relative to the (1in,1in)
+offset from the top left page corner (the \DVI\ reference point).
+Separate \DVI\ postprocessors allow specifying the paper size (\eg\ A4
+or letter), so that this reference point is moved to the correct
+position on the paper, and the text ends up at the right place.
+
+In \PDF, the paper dimensions are part of the page definition, and
+\PDFTEX\ therefore requires that they be defined at the beginning of the
+\PDFTEX\ run. As with pages described by \POSTSCRIPT, the \PDF\
+reference point is in the lower left corner.
+
+Formerly, these dimensions and other \PDFTEX\ parameters were read in
+from a configuration file named \filename{pdftex.cfg}, which had a
+special (non-\TEX) format, at the start of processing. Nowadays such a
+file is ignored by \PDFTEX. Instead, the page dimensions and offsets, as
+well as many other parameters, can be set by \PDFTEX\ primitives during
+the \PDFTEX\ format building process, so that the settings are dumped
+into the fresh format and consequently will be used when \PDFTEX\ is
+later called with that format. All settings from the format can still be
+overridden during a \PDFTEX\ run by using the same primitives. This
+configuration concept is a more unified approach, as it avoids a
+configuration file with a special format.
+
+A list of \PDFTEX\ primitives likely relevant to setting up the \PDFTEX\
+engine is given in the table below. All primitives are described in
+detail in previous sections.
+
+\begin{smalltable}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}llll@{}}
+\bf primitive name & \bf type & \bf default & \bf comment\cr
+\cs{pdfoutput} & integer & 0 & \DVI\ by default \cr
+\cs{pdfadjustspacing} & integer & 0 & off \cr
+\cs{pdfcompresslevel} & integer & 9 & best \cr
+\cs{pdfobjcompresslevel} & integer & 0 & no object streams \cr
+\cs{pdfdecimaldigits} & integer & 3 & \cr
+\cs{pdfimageresolution} & integer & 72 & dpi \cr
+\cs{pdfpkresolution} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfpkmode} & tokens & empty & mode per \type{mktex.cnf}\cr
+\cs{pdfuniqueresname} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfprotrudechars} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfgentounicode} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfmajorversion} & integer & 1 & output \PDF\ 1.x \cr
+\cs{pdfminorversion} & integer & 4 & specifically \PDF\ 1.4 \cr
+\cs{pdfpagebox} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfforcepagebox} & integer & 0 & \cr
+\cs{pdfinclusionerrorlevel} & integer & 0 & \cr
+%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\cs{pdfhorigin} & dimension & 1in & \cr
+\cs{pdfvorigin} & dimension & 1in & \cr
+\cs{pdfpagewidth} & dimension & 0pt & \cr
+\cs{pdfpageheight} & dimension & 0pt & \cr
+\cs{pdflinkmargin} & dimension & 0pt & \cr
+\cs{pdfdestmargin} & dimension & 0pt & \cr
+\cs{pdfthreadmargin} & dimension & 0pt & \cr
+\cs{pdfmapfile} & text & \filename{pdftex.map} & not dumped\cr
+\end{tabular}
+\end{smalltable}
+
+Figure~\ref{fig.configfile} shows a recent \PDFTEX\ configuration file
+(\type{pdftexconfig.tex}) from \TEXLIVE\ (part of the
+\type{tex-ini-files} package), overriding some of these settings. It is
+read when a format is built. It enables \PDF\ output, sets paper
+dimensions and the default pixel density for \PK\ font inclusion. The
+default values are chosen so that \PDFTEX\ often can be used (\eg\ in
+\type{-ini} mode) without setting any additional parameters.
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\myverbatiminput{incl/pdftexconfig.txt}
+\caption{\PDFTEX\ configuration file for \TEXLIVE\
+ (\texttt{pdftexconfig.tex}).}
+\label{fig.configfile}
+\end{figure}
+
+Independent of whether such a configuration file is read, the first
+action in a \PDFTEX\ run is reading the global \WEBC\ configuration file
+(\filename{texmf.cnf}), which is common to all programs in the \WEBC\
+system. This file mainly defines file search paths, the memory layout
+(\eg\ string pool and hash size), and a few other general parameters.
+
+\section{Creating format files}
+
+The \PDFTEX\ engine supports building separate formats for either \DVI\
+or \PDF\ output in the same way as the classical \TEX\ engine does for
+\DVI. Format generation (and other \type{initex} features) is enabled by
+the \type{-ini} option. The default mode (\DVI\ or \PDF) can be chosen
+either on the command line by setting the option \type{-output-format}
+to \type{dvi} or \type{pdf}, or by setting the \cs{pdfoutput} parameter.
+The format file inherits this setting, so that a later invocation of
+\PDFTEX\ with this format starts in the preselected mode (which can
+still be overridden). A format file can be read in only by the engine
+that has generated it; a format incompatible with an engine leads to a
+fatal error.
+
+It is customary to package the configuration and macro file input into a
+\type{.ini} file. \Eg\ the file \type{etex.ini} in
+figure~\ref{fig.etex.ini} is for generating an \ETEX\ format with \DVI\
+output. It has been traditional for many years to generate
+\type{etex.fmt} with \PDFTEX\ rather than the original \ETEX, because
+\PDFTEX\ contains useful additional programming and other
+non-\PDF-related features.
+
+The \type{pdfetex.ini} file figure~\ref{fig.pdfetex.ini} shows the
+corresponding format with \PDF\ output by default; this is what creates
+the format file read when \type{pdftex} is normally invoked.
+
+The corresponding \PDFTEX\ invocations for format generation are:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+pdftex -ini *etex.ini
+pdftex -ini *pdfetex.ini
+\end{verbatim}
+
+These calls produce format files \filename{etex.fmt},
+\filename{pdfetex.fmt}, as the default format file name is taken from
+the input file name. You can override this with the \type{-jobname}
+option. The asterisk \type{*} before the file name is an unusual flag,
+only used in \type{-ini} mode, which causes the \PDFTEX\ engine to
+enable \ETEX's features.
+
+To reiterate, the distribution (\TEXLIVE, \MIKTEX) usually takes care of
+format (re)generation. The above is if you need to do such things
+manually for testing, debugging, development, etc.
+
+Incidentally, as of \PDFTEX\ 1.40.21 (\TEX\ Live 2020), \filename{.fmt}
+files are compressed with \type{zlib}. This makes for a considerable
+savings in space, and consequently in time.
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\myverbatiminput{incl/ini-etex.txt}
+\caption{The \type{etex.ini} file to dump the plain \ETEX\ format with
+ \DVI\ output.}
+\label{fig.etex.ini}
+\end{figure}
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+\myverbatiminput{incl/ini-pdfetex.txt}
+\caption{The \type{pdfetex.ini} file to dump plain \ETEX\ with \PDF\ output.}
+\label{fig.pdfetex.ini}
+\end{figure}
+
+\section{Testing the installation}
+
+When everything is set up, you can test the installation. A simple test
+of plain \PDFTEX\ is:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+pdftex story \\end
+\end{verbatim}
+
+This should typeset the famous one-page short story by A.U. Thor,
+generating a \PDF\ file.
+
+A more thorough and descriptive test is the plain \TEX\ test file
+\filename{samplepdf.tex}, available in the distribution in the
+\type{samplepdftex/} directory. Process this file by typing:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+pdftex samplepdf
+\end{verbatim}
+
+If the installation is ok, this should produce a file called
+\filename{samplepdf.pdf}. The file \filename {samplepdf.tex} is also a
+good place to look for examples of how to use \PDFTEX's primitives.
+
+\section{Common problems}
+
+The most common problem with installations is that \PDFTEX\ complains
+that some file cannot be found. In such cases, first make sure that all
+\TEX-related environment variables are unset. For detailed debugging,
+set the environment variable \type{KPATHSEA_DEBUG=255} before running
+\PDFTEX\ or use the option \verb|-kpathsea-debug 255|. More options can
+be found in the \WEBC\ documentation.
+
+Variables in \filename{texmf.cnf} can be overwritten by environment
+variables. Here are some of the most common problems you can encounter
+when getting started:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \verb|I can't find the format file `pdftex.fmt'!| \newline
+ \verb|I can't find the format file `pdflatex.fmt'!|
+
+ The format file is not created (see above how to do that) or
+ is not properly placed. Make sure that \type{TEXFORMATS} in
+ \filename {texmf.cnf} contains the path to \filename {pdftex.fmt}
+ or \filename {pdflatex.fmt}.
+
+\item \verb|Fatal format file error; I'm stymied|
+
+ This typically appears if you forgot to regenerate the \type{.fmt}
+ files after installing a new version of the \PDFTEX\ binary.
+ The first line tells by which engine the offending format was generated.
+
+\item \PDFTEX\ cannot find one or more map files (\type{*.map}),
+ encoding vectors (\type{*.enc}), virtual fonts, Type~1 fonts,
+ TrueType or OpenType fonts, or some image file.
+
+ Make sure that the required file exists and the corresponding variable
+ in \filename{texmf.cnf} contains a path to the file.
+
+ When you have installed new fonts, and your \PDF\ viewer complains
+ about missing fonts, you should take a look at the log file produced
+ by \PDFTEX. Missing fonts, map files, encoding vectors as well as
+ missing characters (glyphs) are reported there.
+\end{itemize}
+
+For more help resources of all kinds, see \useurl{tughelp}.
+
+\chapter{Formal syntax specification}
+\label{sec.syntax}
+
+This appendix formally specifies the \PDFTEX-specific extensions to the
+\TEX\ macro programming language. Most primitive names are prefixed by
+`\type{pdf}'. General definitions and syntax rules follow after the list
+of primitives.
+
+Two new units of measure were introduced in \PDFTEX\ 1.30.0: the new
+Didot ($\mbox{1nd}=0.375$mm) and the new Cicero ($\mbox{1nc}=12$nd). The
+former was proposed by \ISO\ in 1975.
+
+\begingroup
+ \parindent=0pt
+ % because the summary is nothing but a long string of \Syntax
+ % commands, we have to allow breaks, in contrast to the main text.
+ \def\aftersyntax{\par\vskip 1.5pt plus1pt minus1pt\relax}
+
+% Generated list of primitives (see Makefile).
+\input{incl/pdftex-syntax.tex}
+
+\section{General definitions and syntax rules}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{general text} \Means
+ \Lbrace \Something{balanced text} \Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{attr spec} \Means
+ \Literal{attr} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{resources spec} \Means
+ \Literal{resources} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{rule spec} \Means
+ (\Literal{width} \Or \Literal{height} \Or \Literal{depth})
+ \Something{dimen} \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+}
+
+%\Syntax{\Something{object type spec} \Means
+% \Optional{\Literal{stream}
+% \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}} \Something{object contents}}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{object type spec} \Means
+ \Literal{reserveobjnum}
+ \Or \Next
+ \Optional{\Literal{useobjnum} \Something{number}} \Next
+ \Optional{\Literal{stream} \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}}
+ \Something{object contents}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{annot type spec} \Means
+ \Literal{reserveobjnum}
+ \Or \Next
+ \Optional{\Literal{useobjnum} \Something{number}}
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{object contents} \Means
+ \Something{file spec}
+ \Or \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{xform attr spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}} \Optional{\Something{resources spec}}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{image attr spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{page spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{colorspace spec}}
+ \Next \Optional{\Something{pdf box spec}}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{outline spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Something{action spec}
+ \Optional{\Literal{count} \Something{number}}
+ \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{action spec} \Means
+ \Literal{user} \Something{user-action spec}
+ \Or \Literal{goto} \Something{goto-action spec}
+ \Or \Next \Literal{thread} \Something{thread-action spec}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{user-action spec} \Means
+ \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{goto-action struct spec} \Means
+ \Literal{struct} (\Something{numid} \Or \Literal{nameid} \Or \Something{general text})
+}
+
+% keep in sync with redundant copy below.
+\Syntax{
+\Something{goto-action spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{numid}
+ \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid}
+ \Or \Next \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text}
+ \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Something{nameid} \Something{newwindow spec}
+ \Or \Next \Something{file spec} \Optional{\Something{goto-action struct spec}} \Optional{\Something{page spec}} \Something{general text} \Something{newwindow spec}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{thread-action spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Something{numid}
+ \Or \Optional{\Something{file spec}} \Something{nameid}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{colorspace spec} \Means
+ \Literal{colorspace} \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{pdf box spec} \Means
+ \Literal{mediabox}
+ \Or \Literal{cropbox}
+ \Or \Literal{bleedbox}
+ \Or \Literal{trimbox}
+ \Or \Literal{artbox}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{map spec} \Means
+ \Lbrace \Optional{\Something{map modifier}}
+ \Something{balanced text} \Rbrace
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{map modifier} \Means
+ \Literal{+} \Or \Literal{=} \Or \Literal{-}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{numid} \Means
+ \Literal{num} \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{nameid} \Means
+ \Literal{name} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{newwindow spec} \Means
+ \Literal{newwindow} \Or \Literal{nonewwindow}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{dest spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Literal{struct} \Something{number}}
+ (\Something{numid} \Or \Something{nameid})
+ \Something{dest type}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{dest type} \Means
+ \Literal{xyz} \Optional{\Literal{zoom} \Something{number}}
+ \Or \Literal{fitr} \Something{rule spec}
+ \Or \Next \Literal{fitbh}
+ \Or \Literal{fitbv}
+ \Or \Literal{fitb}
+ \Or \Literal{fith}
+ \Or \Literal{fitv}
+ \Or \Literal{fit}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{thread spec} \Means
+ \Optional{\Something{rule spec}}
+ \Optional{\Something{attr spec}}
+ \Something{id spec}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{id spec} \Means
+ \Something{numid} \Or \Something{nameid}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{file spec} \Means
+ \Literal{file} \Something{general text}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{page spec} \Means
+ \Literal{page} \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{expand spec} \Means
+ \Something{stretch}
+ \Something{shrink}
+ \Something{step}
+ \Optional{\Literal{autoexpand}}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{stretch} \Means
+ \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{shrink} \Means
+ \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{step} \Means
+ \Something{number}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{pre spec} \Means
+ \Literal{pre}
+}
+
+\Syntax{
+\Something{stack action} \Means
+ \Literal{set} \Or \Literal{push} \Or \Literal{pop} \Or \Literal{current}
+}
+
+\endgroup % of syntax definitions
+
+\medskip
+
+A \Something{general text} is expanded immediately, like \cs{special}
+in traditional \TEX, unless explicitly mentioned otherwise.
+
+Some of the object and image-related primitives can be prefixed by
+\cs{immediate}.
+
+\chapter{Abbreviations used in this manual}
+
+In this document we use numerous abbreviations. For convenience we give
+their meanings here.
+
+\abbrevlist
+
+\twocolumn {\small \emergencystretch=1.5em \input{incl/fdl-1.2.tex}}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftexmanual.cls b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftexmanual.cls
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bc67671234f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/pdftexmanual.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+% $Id: pdftexmanual.cls 914 2024-01-07 21:48:39Z karl $
+% LaTeX class file for the pdfTeX manual.
+% Originally written by Karl Berry, 2023. Public domain.
+
+\LoadClass[11pt]{report} % use {report} so we can have \appendix
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % for \textbackslash
+\usepackage{fullpage} % fewer pages is better
+\usepackage{rerunfilecheck} % so the Makefile can easily rerun
+\usepackage{mflogo,graphicx} % basics
+\usepackage{verbatim} % for \verbatiminput
+
+\divide\abovecaptionskip by 2 % too spacey by default
+\setcounter{topnumber}{3} % .ini figures
+
+\pdfminorversion=3 % maximally compatible
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0 % since minor version=3, can't compress objects
+\hbadness=10000 % don't care
+\overfullrule=1mm % but want to see overfull
+
+% This is the default hsize for letter; not ideal, but works well enough
+% for a4. Too irritating to rewrite to avoid overfull hboxes with two
+% different widths.
+\AtBeginDocument{\hsize=469.75502pt }
+
+% If |microtype| is loaded, deactivate it in verbatim blocks.
+% It often manipulates a leading |\| in CM rather too much,
+% thus messing with the visible fixed-width alignment.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+ \@ifpackageloaded{microtype}
+ {\g@addto@macro\@verbatim{\microtypesetup{activate=false}}}{}
+}
+
+% We want a verbatim command that will accept all special characters (so
+% \texttt doesn't work) and work in arguments (so \verb doesn't work).
+%
+% - can't use obeyspaces, it generates extra space.
+%\PassOptionsToPackage{obeyspaces}{url}
+%
+% - can't use \HyOrg@url (\url saved by hyperref), it doesn't obey spaces.
+% But we have to live with it, switching all args with spaces to \verb.
+\usepackage[allowmove]{url} % we only do simple stuff in \caption, let it work
+\def\type{\HyOrg@url}
+% / in our document is PostScript, not a url, so we want to allow a
+% break before, not after. But then we get an infloop, so disallow breaks.
+%\g@addto@macro\UrlSpecials{\do\/{\slash}}
+\g@addto@macro\UrlNoBreaks{\do\/}
+%
+% - can't use \nolinkurl from hyperref, doesn't obey spaces, breaks after /,
+% sometimes expands, e.g., \pdfcreationdate.
+% https://github.com/latex3/hyperref/issues/291
+%\def\type{\nolinkurl}
+%
+% - can't use \lstinline, doesn't work in tables.
+%\usepackage{listings}\def\type{\lstinline}
+%
+% - expl3 attempt:
+% \NewDocumentCommand\type{v}{\texttt{#1}}
+% but gets error, so I guess I don't understand:
+% LaTeX cmd Error: Verbatim-like command '\type' illegal in arg
+% \pdftexprimitive{\Syntax{\Tex{\pdfoutput}
+%
+% It seems the general problem remains unsolved in LaTeX.
+
+\usepackage[pdfa,hidelinks,linktoc=all]{hyperref}
+
+% Assorted convenience macros.
+%
+% we can use \textbackslash since we load [T1].
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{\mbox{\tt \textbackslash #1}}%
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\titleref}[1]{{\slshape\frenchspacing#1\/}}
+
+\def\eTeX{{$\varepsilon$}-\kern-.125em\TeX}
+\def\filename{\type}
+\def\hyph{-\penalty0 \hskip0pt \relax} % allow hyphenation after a -
+\def\varname{\textit}
+%
+\def\ConTeXt{C\kern-.0333emon\-\kern-.0667em\TeX\kern-.0333emt}
+\def\MDFIVE{MD5} % not oldstyle 5, capital MD
+\def\PDFReference{PDF reference manual}
+\def\THANH{H\`an Th\^e\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{}}} Th\`anh}
+%S
+\def\eg{e.g.,}\def\Eg{E.g.,}
+\def\ie{i.e.,}\def\Ie{I.e.,}
+%
+% the default \verbatiminput evidently ends with a blank line.
+% Also, it does not give an error when the input file does not exist,
+% only a terminal message. Let's complain.
+\def\myverbatiminput#1{\begingroup
+ \small
+ \openin0 = #1
+ \ifeof0 \errmessage{No verbatiminput file #1}\else\closein0 \fi
+ \verbatiminput{#1}%
+ \vspace{-\baselineskip}%
+\endgroup}
+%
+\newenvironment{smalltable}{\medskip\small}{\medskip}
+
+% Our self-identified version information.
+%
+\def\svnscan $#1 #2 #3 #4-#5-#6 #7${
+ \def\rcsrevision{#3}
+ \def\rcsyear{#4}
+ \def\rcsmonth{#5}
+ \def\rcsday{{\count0=#6\relax\the\count0}}
+ \def\rcsmonthname{\ifcase\rcsmonth ERROR\or
+ January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or July\or
+ August\or September\or October\or November\or December\else ERROR\fi}
+}
+\def\versplit#1#2#3{#1.#2#3}% 140 -> 1.40
+\def\currentpdftex{\expandafter\versplit\the\pdftexversion.\pdftexrevision}
+
+% Syntax descriptions.
+%
+% used in main source text to mark a primitive.
+\def\pdftexprimitive{\par\nobreak\vspace{-4pt}\noindent\strut}
+
+\def\aftersyntax{\nobreak\smallskip} % changed for appendix
+\def\Syntax #1{{#1\strut}\par\aftersyntax}
+\def\Next {\nobreak\newline\hbox to 4em{}\nobreak} % multiline syntax
+\def\Sugar {}
+\def\Lbrace {\Sugar{\allowbreak\texttt{\textbraceleft}}}
+\def\Literal #1{\Sugar{\type{#1}}}
+\def\Means {\Sugar{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\;\;}}
+\def\Modelist #1{\Sugar{\;\ensuremath{(\hbox{#1})}}}
+\def\Optional #1{\Sugar{\ensuremath{\,[\,\hbox{#1}\,]\,}}}
+\def\Or {\Sugar{\,\ensuremath{\vert}\,\nobreak\ }}
+\def\Something#1{\Sugar{\ensuremath{\langle}{#1}\ensuremath{\rangle}}}
+\def\Rbrace {\Sugar{\texttt{\textbraceright}}}
+%\def\Tex #1{\Sugar{\type{#1}}}
+\def\Whatever #1{\Sugar{\kern.75em\ensuremath{(\hbox{#1})}}} % parens
+ % more space before, more separation on syntax lines.
+% introduced:
+\def\introduced#1{The primitive was introduced in \PDFTEX\ #1.}
+\def\introducedplural#1{The primitives were introduced in \PDFTEX\ #1.}
+
+% Urls.
+%
+% assume all defined url control sequences start with "url":
+\def\useurl#1{\expandafter\csname url#1\endcsname}
+
+\urldef{\urlctansystems} \url{https://ctan.org/tex-archive/systems}
+\urldef{\urletexctan} \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/etex}
+\urldef{\urljbigenc} \url{https://github.com/agl/jbig2enc}
+\urldef{\urlkpathsea} \url{https://tug.org/kpathsea}
+\urldef{\urlluatex} \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/luatex}
+\urldef{\urlpdfreference} \url{https://pdfa.org/resource/pdf-specification-index/}
+\urldef{\urlptexctan} \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex}
+\urldef{\urlptexdevel} \url{svn://tug.org/pdftex/branches/stable}
+\urldef{\urlptexbugs} \url{https://lists.tug.org/pdftex}
+\urldef{\urlptexorg} \url{https://www.pdftex.org}
+\urldef{\urltcxfiles} \url{https://tug.org/texinfohtml/web2c.html#TCX-files}
+\urldef{\urltexlive} \url{https://tug.org/texlive}
+\urldef{\urlthanhtruetypetub} \url{https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb30-1/tb94thanh.pdf}
+\urldef{\urltughelp} \url{https://tug.org/begin}
+\urldef{\urlwebc} \url{https://tug.org/web2c}
+\urldef{\urlxetex} \url{https://tug.org/xetex}
+\urldef{\urlwindows} \url{http://ctan.org/tex-archive/systems/windows}
+
+% Abbreviations.
+\newtoks\abbrevtoks
+\def\abbrevlist{{%
+ \par\bigskip
+ \small
+ \advance\baselineskip by 2pt plus1pt minus1pt
+ \halign{&##\qquad\hfil\cr\the\abbrevtoks}%
+}}
+\def\abbrevitem#1#2{#1&#2\cr}
+\def\abbreviation[#1] #2 #3{%
+ \expandafter\def\csname#1\endcsname{#2}%
+ \abbrevtoks = \expandafter{\the\abbrevtoks \abbrevitem{#2}{#3}}
+}
+
+\abbreviation [AFM] {AFM} {Adobe Font Metrics}
+\abbreviation [ASCII] {ASCII} {American Standard Code for Information Interchange}
+\abbreviation [CONTEXT] {\ConTeXt} {general purpose macro package}
+\abbreviation [CTAN] {CTAN} {global \TEX\ archive server}
+\abbreviation [DVI] {DVI} {native \TEX\ DeVice Independent file format}
+\abbreviation [ENCTEX] {enc\TeX} {enc\TeX\ extension to \TEX}
+\abbreviation [EPSTOPDF] {epstopdf} {\EPS\ to \PDF\ conversion tool}
+\abbreviation [EPS] {EPS} {Encapsulated PostScript}
+\abbreviation [EPLAIN] {Eplain} {Expanded plain \TEX\ format}
+\abbreviation [ETEX] {\eTeX} {a stable extension to \TEX}
+\abbreviation [EXIF] {EXIF} {Exchangeable Image File format (JPEG file variant)}
+\abbreviation [GHOSTSCRIPT] {Ghostscript} {\POSTSCRIPT\ and \PDF\ language interpreter}
+\abbreviation [GNU] {GNU} {GNU's Not Unix}
+\abbreviation [HZ] {HZ} {Hermann Zapf's paragraph-breaking optimizations}
+\abbreviation [ISO] {ISO} {International Organization for Standardization}
+\abbreviation [JBIGTWO] {JBIG2} {Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group image format, version 2}
+\abbreviation [JBIG] {JBIG} {Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group image format}
+\abbreviation [JFIF] {JFIF} {JPEG File Interchange Format}
+\abbreviation [JPEG] {JPEG} {Joint Photographic Experts Group}
+\abbreviation [LATEX] {\LaTeX} {general-purpose macro package}
+\abbreviation [LMTX] {LMTX} {the LuaMeta\TeX\ engine}
+\abbreviation [LUATEX] {Lua\TeX} {the Lua\TeX\ engine}
+\abbreviation [MACTEX] {Mac\-\TeX} {\TEXLIVE\ on the Mac}
+\abbreviation [METAFONT] {\MF} {graphic programming environment, bitmap output}
+\abbreviation [METAPOST] {MetaPost} {graphic programming environment, vector output}
+\abbreviation [MIKTEX] {MiK\TeX} {\TeX\ distribution for \WIN}
+\abbreviation [MLTEX] {ml\TeX} {ML\TeX\ extension to \TEX}
+\abbreviation [MPTOPDF] {mptopdf} {\METAPOST\ to \PDF\ conversion tool}
+\abbreviation [PDFA] {PDF/\kern-.05em A} {PDF A/* standards}
+\abbreviation [PDFETEX] {pdfe\TeX} {\ETEX\ extension supporting \PDF\ output}
+\abbreviation [PDFLATEX] {pdf\LaTeX} {\LATEX\ format using \PDFTEX, producing \PDF}
+\abbreviation [PDFTEX] {pdf\TeX} {\TEX\ extension supporting \PDF\ output}
+\abbreviation [PDF] {PDF} {Portable Document Format}
+\abbreviation [PERL] {Perl} {Perl programming environment}
+\abbreviation [PFA] {PFA} {Adobe PostScript Font format, ASCII}
+\abbreviation [PFB] {PFB} {Adobe PostScript Font format, binary}
+\abbreviation [PK] {PK} {Packed bitmap font}
+\abbreviation [PNG] {PNG} {Portable Network Graphics}
+\abbreviation [POSIX] {POSIX} {Portable Operating System Interface}
+\abbreviation [POSTSCRIPT] {PostScript} {general graphics language}
+\abbreviation [PSTOPDF] {PStoPDF} {PostScript to \PDF\ converter (on top of \GHOSTSCRIPT)}
+\abbreviation [RGB] {RGB} {red--green--blue color specification}
+\abbreviation [TCX] {TCX} {\TEX\ Character Translation}
+\abbreviation [TDS] {TDS} {\TEX\ Directory Standard}
+\abbreviation [TEXINFO] {Texinfo} {\GNU\ documentation format}
+\abbreviation [TEXLIVE] {\TeX\ Live} {\TeX\ Live distribution (cross-platform)}
+\abbreviation [TEX] {\TeX} {typographic language and program}
+\abbreviation [TFM] {TFM} {\TEX\ Font Metrics}
+\abbreviation [TIF] {TIFF} {Tagged Interchange File format}
+\abbreviation [TUG] {TUG} {\TEX\ Users Group, \texttt{tug.org}}
+\abbreviation [UNIX] {Unix} {Unix platform}
+\abbreviation [URL] {url} {Uniform Resource Locator}
+\abbreviation [UTFEIGHT] {\mbox{UTF-8}} {Uniform Resource Locator}
+\abbreviation [WEBC] {Web2C} {Implementation framework for \TEX\ and friends}
+\abbreviation [WEB] {WEB} {literate programming environment}
+\abbreviation [WIN] {Windows} {Microsoft Windows platform}
+\abbreviation [XETEX] {Xe\TeX} {the Xe\TeX\ engine}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.awk b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.awk
deleted file mode 100644
index cdabfe77f82..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.awk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-# $Id: syntaxform.awk 742 2016-04-25 17:30:55Z karl $
-# Public domain. Originally written by Petr Olsak.
-# pdftex-syntax.tex and pdftex-t.tex --> pdftex-syntax.txt
-# requires gawk due to gensub() function
-
-BEGIN{
- buffer = "";
-}
-
-/\015*$/ {
- gsub(/\015*$/, "");
-}
-
-/^%%S NL/ {
- print "";
- next;
-}
-
-/^%%S/ {
- gsub (/^%%S/, "%%" );
- print;
- next;
-}
-
-/^\\Syntax/ {
- printing = 1;
- indentation = 0;
- next;
-}
-
-// {
- if (buffer != "") {
- gsub(/^ */, "");
- $0 = buffer $0;
- }
- buffer = "";
-}
-
-/\|\|/ {
- gsub(/\|\|/, "-");
-}
-
-/^ */{
- gsub(/^ */, indspaces);
-}
-
-/\\Something/ {
- $0 = gensub(/\\Something *{([^}]*)}/, "<\\1>", "g");
-}
-
-/\\Literal/ {
- $0 = gensub(/\\Literal *{([^}]*)}/, "\\1", "g");
-}
-
-/\\Tex/ {
- $0 = gensub(/\\Tex *{([^}]*)}/, "\\1", "g");
-}
-
-/\\tex/ {
- $0 = gensub(/\\tex *{([^}]*)}/, "\\\\\\1", "g");
-}
-
-
-/\\Optional/ {
- $0 = gensub(/\\Optional *{([^}]*)}/, "[\\1]", "g");
-}
-
-/\\Means/ {
- gsub(/\\Means/, "-->");
- indentation = match($0, /-->/);
- indspaces = " ";
- for(i=0; i < indentation; i++)
- indspaces = indspaces " ";
-}
-
-/\\Lbrace/ {
- gsub(/\\Lbrace/, "{");
-}
-
-/\\Rbrace/ {
- gsub(/\\Rbrace/, "}");
-}
-
-/\\Or/ {
- gsub(/\\Or/, "|");
-}
-
-/\\Next/ {
- gsub(/\\Next /, "");
-}
-
-/\\unkern/ {
- gsub(/\\unkern */, "");
-}
-
-/\\(Whatever|Modelist)/ {
- whatind = 57;
- whatpos = match($0, /\\(Whatever|Modelist)/);
- b = substr($0, 0, whatpos - 1)
- c = substr($0, whatpos)
- c = gensub(/\\(Whatever|Modelist) *{([^}]*)}/, "(\\2)", "g", c);
- $0 = b;
- for(i = whatpos; i < whatind; i++)
- $0 = $0 " ";
- $0 = $0 c;
-}
-
-/^}/ {printing = 0;}
-
-/% *$/ {
- gsub(/% *$/, "");
- buffer = $0;
- next;
-}
-
-/^ *$/ {
- $0 = "================= ERROR";
-}
-
-/ *$/ {
- gsub(/ *$/, "");
-}
-
-{ if (printing) print; }
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.pl b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.pl
index ad92b3ce303..2ebe41e9901 100755
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.pl
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/manual/syntaxform.pl
@@ -1,70 +1,74 @@
#!/usr/bin/env perl
-# $Id: syntaxform.pl 743 2016-04-25 17:34:08Z karl $
+# $Id: syntaxform.pl 914 2024-01-07 21:48:39Z karl $
# Public domain. Originally written by Karl Berry, 2016.
-# Read pdftex-t.tex, generate pdftex-syntax.tex
+# Read pdftex.tex and generate pdftex-syntax.tex
# by looking for the primitive descriptions.
-use warnings;
+use strict; use warnings;
+
+# classes need to be shown in a specific order,
+# and have specific text for the headings.
+# sorry for using an array. global for simpler sorting.
+my %class_info = (
+ "integer" => [1, "Integer registers"],
+ "read-only integer" => [2, "Read-only integers"],
+ "dimen" => [3, "Dimen registers"],
+ "tokens" => [4, "Token registers"],
+ "expandable" => [5, "Expandable commands"],
+ "general" => [6, "General commands"],
+);
+
+exit (&main ());
sub main {
my %primitive = &read_manual_for_primitives ();
# group primitives into classes based on their \Whatever construct.
my %class;
+ #warn "\n\f\n sorting\n";
for my $p (sort keys %primitive) {
+ #print STDERR "sorting primitive $p...";
my ($class) = $primitive{$p} =~ /\\Whatever *\{(.*?)\}/;
# general commands don't have a \Whatever.
$class = "general" if ! $class;
+ #warn "class $class\n";
# append this primitive, comma-separated.
$class{$class} .= "$p,"
}
print <<END_HEADER;
-%%S \$Id: syntaxform.pl 742 2016-04-25 17:30:55Z karl \$
-%%S This is the list of new or extended primitives provided by pdftex.
-%%S Don't edit this file, as it is now auto-generated from the
-%%S pdfTeX manual source pdftex-t.tex (and the generated
-%%S pdftex-syntax.tex) by the script syntaxform.awk.
-%%S Syntax rule conventions borrowed from `TeXbook naruby' by Petr Olsak.
+% This is the list of new or extended primitives provided by pdftex.
+% Don't edit this file, as it is auto-generated from the
+% pdfTeX manual source pdftex.tex by the script syntaxform.pl.
+% Syntax rule conventions borrowed from `TeXbook naruby' by Petr Olsak.
END_HEADER
&print_by_class (\%class, \%primitive);
return 0;
}
{
- # classes should be shown in a specific order,
- # and have specific text for the headings.
- # sorry for using an array.
- my %class_info = (
- "integer" => [1, "Integer registers"],
- "read||only integer" => [2, "Read-only integers"],
- "dimen" => [3, "Dimen registers"],
- "tokens" => [4, "Token registers"],
- "expandable" => [5, "Expandable commands"],
- "general" => [6, "General commands"],
- );
sub print_by_class {
my ($class_ref,$primitive_ref) = @_;
my %class = %$class_ref;
+ #warn "\n\f\n printing by class\n";
for my $c (sort by_class keys %class) {
- my $aref = $class_info{$c};
+ #warn "\f printing class $c\n";
+ my $aref = $class_info{$c};
my $heading_name = $class_info{$c}->[1];
- # the %%S lines are for syntaxform.awk
+ #warn " heading_name $heading_name\n";
print <<END_START_CLASS;
-%%S NL
-%%S $heading_name:
-\\subsubject{$heading_name}
+\\section{$heading_name}
-\\startpacked
END_START_CLASS
# extract list of primitives for this class.
my @prims = split (/,/, $class{$c});
for my $p (@prims) {
my $val = $primitive_ref->{$p};
+ #warn " primitive $p, val $val\n";
# get rid of the \pdftexprimitive{ and trailing }
$val =~ s,^\\pdftexprimitive *\{,,;
@@ -79,11 +83,14 @@ END_START_CLASS
print "\n$val\n";
}
- print "\n\\stoppacked\n";
}
}
-sub by_class { $class_info{$a}->[0] <=> $class_info{$b}->[0]; }
+sub by_class {
+ if (! defined ($class_info{$a}->[0])) {
+ warn "undef $a $class_info{$a},", $class_info{$a}->[0], ".\n"; }
+# if (! $class_info{$b}->[0]) { warn "no class info for $b\n"; }
+$class_info{$a}->[0] <=> $class_info{$b}->[0]; }
} # end block for %class_info
@@ -95,6 +102,7 @@ sub by_class { $class_info{$a}->[0] <=> $class_info{$b}->[0]; }
sub read_manual_for_primitives {
my $printing = 0;
my $primitive = "";
+ my %primitive;
while (<>) {
# \pdftexprimitive block ends at next unindented blank or \... line.
@@ -103,14 +111,10 @@ sub read_manual_for_primitives {
$printing = 1;
my $type;
- # \tex is used for primitives specified without a leading \.
- ($type,$primitive) = m/\\([Tt])ex *\{(.*?)\}/;
+ ($primitive) = m/\\cs *\{(.*?)\}/;
+ #warn "$.: found primitive $primitive\n";
warn "$ARGV:$.: no primitive found in: $_" if (! $primitive);
- $primitive = "\\$primitive" if $type eq "t";
-
- # \pdfmovechars is still in the manual, but doesn't do anything.
- # Omit it from the output.
- next if $primitive eq "\\pdfmovechars";
+ $primitive = "\\$primitive";
# Just one case, \special, has multiple instances of \pdftexprimitive.
# kludge by appending spaces to the name to make it unique;
@@ -122,10 +126,9 @@ sub read_manual_for_primitives {
# concatenate lines of definition; assume spacing is reasonable.
chomp;
$primitive{$primitive} .= $_;
+ #warn " concatenated $primitive to $primitive{$primitive}\n";
}
}
return %primitive;
}
-
-exit (&main ());
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/incl2.5.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/incl2.5.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ed9eb61ef47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/incl2.5.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+% $Id: incl2.5.tex 868 2021-11-04 17:23:17Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+% Trivial PDF-2 file.
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0 % get greppable output
+\pdfoutput=1
+
+% The default is 2.4, since \pdfminorversion is 4 (from 1.4).
+% Randomly try 2.5.
+\pdfmajorversion=2 \pdfminorversion=5
+
+% typeset something.
+\hrule width1pt height1pt depth0pt
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/test-doc1incl25.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/test-doc1incl25.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1a215b8dffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/12-pdf2/test-doc1incl25.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+% $Id: test-doc1incl25.tex 868 2021-11-04 17:23:17Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+% PDF1 document, include PDF2.4 image.
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0 % get greppable output
+\pdfoutput=1
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\pdfximage{incl2.5.pdf}
+\hbox{\pdfrefximage\pdflastximage}
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/8r.enc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/8r.enc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..665fc82831c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/8r.enc
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+% File 8r.enc TeX Base 1 Encoding Revision 2.0 2002-10-30
+%
+% @@psencodingfile@{
+% author = "S. Rahtz, P. MacKay, Alan Jeffrey, B. Horn, K. Berry,
+% W. Schmidt, P. Lehman",
+% version = "2.0",
+% date = "27nov06",
+% filename = "8r.enc",
+% email = "tex-fonts@@tug.org",
+% docstring = "This is the encoding vector for Type1 and TrueType
+% fonts to be used with TeX. This file is part of the
+% PSNFSS bundle, version 9"
+% @}
+%
+% The idea is to have all the characters normally included in Type 1 fonts
+% available for typesetting. This is effectively the characters in Adobe
+% Standard encoding, ISO Latin 1, Windows ANSI including the euro symbol,
+% MacRoman, and some extra characters from Lucida.
+%
+% Character code assignments were made as follows:
+%
+% (1) the Windows ANSI characters are almost all in their Windows ANSI
+% positions, because some Windows users cannot easily reencode the
+% fonts, and it makes no difference on other systems. The only Windows
+% ANSI characters not available are those that make no sense for
+% typesetting -- rubout (127 decimal), nobreakspace (160), softhyphen
+% (173). quotesingle and grave are moved just because it's such an
+% irritation not having them in TeX positions.
+%
+% (2) Remaining characters are assigned arbitrarily to the lower part
+% of the range, avoiding 0, 10 and 13 in case we meet dumb software.
+%
+% (3) Y&Y Lucida Bright includes some extra text characters; in the
+% hopes that other PostScript fonts, perhaps created for public
+% consumption, will include them, they are included starting at 0x12.
+% These are /dotlessj /ff /ffi /ffl.
+%
+% (4) hyphen appears twice for compatibility with both ASCII and Windows.
+%
+% (5) /Euro was assigned to 128, as in Windows ANSI
+%
+% (6) Missing characters from MacRoman encoding incorporated as follows:
+%
+% PostScript MacRoman TeXBase1
+% -------------- -------------- --------------
+% /notequal 173 0x16
+% /infinity 176 0x17
+% /lessequal 178 0x18
+% /greaterequal 179 0x19
+% /partialdiff 182 0x1A
+% /summation 183 0x1B
+% /product 184 0x1C
+% /pi 185 0x1D
+% /integral 186 0x81
+% /Omega 189 0x8D
+% /radical 195 0x8E
+% /approxequal 197 0x8F
+% /Delta 198 0x9D
+% /lozenge 215 0x9E
+%
+/TeXBase1Encoding [
+% 0x00
+ /.notdef /dotaccent /fi /fl
+ /fraction /hungarumlaut /Lslash /lslash
+ /ogonek /ring /.notdef /breve
+ /minus /.notdef /Zcaron /zcaron
+% 0x10
+ /caron /dotlessi /dotlessj /ff
+ /ffi /ffl /notequal /infinity
+ /lessequal /greaterequal /partialdiff /summation
+ /product /pi /grave /quotesingle
+% 0x20
+ /space /exclam /quotedbl /numbersign
+ /dollar /percent /ampersand /quoteright
+ /parenleft /parenright /asterisk /plus
+ /comma /hyphen /period /slash
+% 0x30
+ /zero /one /two /three
+ /four /five /six /seven
+ /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
+ /less /equal /greater /question
+% 0x40
+ /at /A /B /C
+ /D /E /F /G
+ /H /I /J /K
+ /L /M /N /O
+% 0x50
+ /P /Q /R /S
+ /T /U /V /W
+ /X /Y /Z /bracketleft
+ /backslash /bracketright /asciicircum /underscore
+% 0x60
+ /quoteleft /a /b /c
+ /d /e /f /g
+ /h /i /j /k
+ /l /m /n /o
+% 0x70
+ /p /q /r /s
+ /t /u /v /w
+ /x /y /z /braceleft
+ /bar /braceright /asciitilde /.notdef
+% 0x80
+ /Euro /integral /quotesinglbase /florin
+ /quotedblbase /ellipsis /dagger /daggerdbl
+ /circumflex /perthousand /Scaron /guilsinglleft
+ /OE /Omega /radical /approxequal
+% 0x90
+ /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /quotedblleft
+ /quotedblright /bullet /endash /emdash
+ /tilde /trademark /scaron /guilsinglright
+ /oe /Delta /lozenge /Ydieresis
+% 0xA0
+ /.notdef /exclamdown /cent /sterling
+ /currency /yen /brokenbar /section
+ /dieresis /copyright /ordfeminine /guillemotleft
+ /logicalnot /hyphen /registered /macron
+% 0xB0
+ /degree /plusminus /twosuperior /threesuperior
+ /acute /mu /paragraph /periodcentered
+ /cedilla /onesuperior /ordmasculine /guillemotright
+ /onequarter /onehalf /threequarters /questiondown
+% 0xC0
+ /Agrave /Aacute /Acircumflex /Atilde
+ /Adieresis /Aring /AE /Ccedilla
+ /Egrave /Eacute /Ecircumflex /Edieresis
+ /Igrave /Iacute /Icircumflex /Idieresis
+% 0xD0
+ /Eth /Ntilde /Ograve /Oacute
+ /Ocircumflex /Otilde /Odieresis /multiply
+ /Oslash /Ugrave /Uacute /Ucircumflex
+ /Udieresis /Yacute /Thorn /germandbls
+% 0xE0
+ /agrave /aacute /acircumflex /atilde
+ /adieresis /aring /ae /ccedilla
+ /egrave /eacute /ecircumflex /edieresis
+ /igrave /iacute /icircumflex /idieresis
+% 0xF0
+ /eth /ntilde /ograve /oacute
+ /ocircumflex /otilde /odieresis /divide
+ /oslash /ugrave /uacute /ucircumflex
+ /udieresis /yacute /thorn /ydieresis
+] def
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..36bd9d03d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8a.pfb b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8a.pfb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..72a1606b4b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8a.pfb
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r+20.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r+20.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..30bcb58e125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r+20.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r-20.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r-20.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..71e4556a788
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r-20.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c6c60cc6ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8r.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62cb823f86c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.vf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.vf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f41bf2f0b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t+20.vf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..457a04fbdd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.vf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.vf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5deb2a0e78b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t-20.vf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..66a59998a6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.vf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.vf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eff95228428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/bchr8t.vf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.pfb b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.pfb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fa8c833d374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.pfb
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6594c9c4a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/cmr10.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/vfexp.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/vfexp.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..77804d50943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/13-vf-font-expansion-bug/vfexp.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \pdfoutput=1 \nonstopmode \hbadness=10000
+\vsize=20pc \hsize=30pt \parfillskip=0pt plus1fil
+\font\1=cmr10
+\font\2=bchr8t
+%\font\2=bchr8r
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfmapfile{}
+\pdfmapline{+cmr10 CMR10 <cmr10.pfb}
+\pdfmapline{+bchr8r CharterBT-Roman " TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc <bchr8a.pfb}
+\pdfmapline{+bchr8r+20 CharterBT-Roman " 1.020 ExtendFont TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc <bchr8a.pfb}
+\pdfmapline{+bchr8r-20 CharterBT-Roman " 0.980 ExtendFont TeXBase1Encoding ReEncodeFont " <8r.enc <bchr8a.pfb}
+\pdffontexpand\1 100 100 5 %autoexpand
+\pdffontexpand\2 20 20 20
+\pdfadjustspacing=2
+\1 ABC
+
+\2 This is a paragraph with font expansion.
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdb_history b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdb_history
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ac04948e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdb_history
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+set args --ini ./f.tex
+r
+b 20611
+r
+l
+l -
+pnodetype p
+pnodetype g
+n
+pnodetype r
+n
+l
+n
+pnodetype r
+n
+r
+l -
+pnodetype p
+pnodetype g
+pnodetype p
+print mem[p].hh.u.B1
+q
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdbinit b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdbinit
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c594ebe1681
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/.gdbinit
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# the macros defined here are to help debugging pdftex
+set history save on
+set confirm off
+set print elements 256
+
+# print scaled
+def ps
+ print $0/65535.0
+end
+
+def pvf
+ echo "w="
+ p w
+ echo "x="
+ p x
+ echo "y="
+ p y
+ echo "z="
+ p z
+end
+
+# print the value of a string
+def pstring
+ print strpool[strstart[$arg0]]@strstart[$arg0+1]-strstart[$arg0]
+end
+
+# print font name as string
+def pfontname
+ pstring fontname[$arg0]
+end
+
+# print various values related to a font
+def pfont
+ echo "fontname = "
+ pfontname $arg0
+ echo "fontsize = "
+ p fontsize[$arg0]/65536.0
+ echo "pdffontautoexpand = "
+ p pdffontautoexpand[$arg0]
+end
+
+# print type of node as string
+def pnodetype
+ if $arg0 >= himemmin
+ echo char_node\n
+ else
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 0
+ echo hlist_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 1
+ echo vlist_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 2
+ echo rule_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 3
+ echo ins_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 4
+ echo mark_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 5
+ echo adjust_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 6
+ echo ligature_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 7
+ echo disc_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 8
+ echo whatsit_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 9
+ echo math_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 10
+ echo glue_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 11
+ echo kern_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 12
+ echo penalty_node\n
+ end
+ if zmem[$arg0].hh.u.B0 == 13
+ echo unset_node\n
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+# print type of a node
+# def ptype
+# print mem[$arg0].hh.u.B0
+# end
+#
+# def psubtype
+# print mem[$arg0].hh.u.B1
+# end
+#
+# def pfont
+# ptype $arg0
+# end
+#
+# def pchar
+# psubtype($arg0)
+# end
+#
+# def pinfo
+# print mem[$arg0].hh.v.LH
+# end
+#
+# def plink
+# print mem[$arg0].hh.v.RH
+# end
+#
+# def pmarginchar
+# pinfo($arg0+2)
+# end
+#
+# def setpdflatex
+# set args -fmt=pdflatex $arg0
+# end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..36bd9d03d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/cmr10.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/cmr10.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6594c9c4a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/cmr10.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/f.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..517aadc7058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+% $Id: f.tex 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \pdfoutput=1 \nonstopmode \hbadness=10000
+\vsize=20pc \hsize=30pt \parfillskip=0pt plus1fil
+\font\f=cmr10
+\f
+\pdfadjustinterwordglue1 \unhbox0 \kern1pt \ %
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/rebuild.sh b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/rebuild.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ce53edd6aae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/rebuild.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+set -x
+cd ../../source/build-pdftex/texk/web2c
+make pdftex
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/run.sh b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/run.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..09726ca2e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/14-pdfadjustinterwordglue-segfault/run.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# $Id: run.sh 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+
+if [ ! -e ./pdftex ]; then
+ ln -s ../../source/build-pdftex/texk/web2c/pdftex .
+fi
+
+set -x
+TFMFONTS=. ./pdftex -ini ./f.tex
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5ec7309a010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+default: test-different-levels
+
+test-different-levels:
+ $(prog) test-different-levels.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/test-different-levels.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/test-different-levels.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2d9772a2edb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/15-startlink-boxing/test-different-levels.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+% $Id: test-different-levels.tex 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \pdfoutput=1
+
+x\hbox{\pdfstartlink
+ attr {/Border[0 0 1]}
+ user{
+ /Subtype/Link%
+ /A<<%
+ /Type/Action%
+ /S/URI%
+ /URI(foo)%
+ >>%
+ } Linktext}
+\pdfendlink
+\end
+
+% https://tug.org/pipermail/tex-live/2018-November/042759.html
+% Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2018 12:31:25 +0100
+% From: Ulrike Fischer <news3@nililand.de>
+% To: tex-live@tug.org
+% Subject: [tex-live] pdfstartlink/pdfendlink and boxing level problems
+%
+% 1. Currently the commands give a fatal error if used in different
+% boxing levels:
+%
+% [example program above]
+%
+% ! pdfTeX error (ext4): \pdfendlink ended up in different nesting
+% level than \pdfstartlink.
+% ! ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!
+%
+% This doesn't happen very often in documents, but if the galley is
+% split and reboxed it is possible that long links end in different
+% levels. One example involving two column mode and top floats has
+% been discussed on the latex2e github:
+% https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/issues/94
+%
+% Is the fatal error really sensible here? Couldn't the engines close
+% the last annotation with some more or less sensible coordinate and
+% continue with a warning? A pdf with a wrong link area seems better
+% than no pdf at all (and would release the format and packages from
+% the need to carefully keep track of boxing levels when splitting and
+% reassembling stuff).
+%
+% [see ../16-nolink-special/*.tex for other request.]
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4880f209f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 833 2020-06-11 21:51:11Z thanh $
+# Public domain.
+
+# set texlive location; can be done here, or via env. variable
+# tl = ~/IdeaProjects/texlive/Master
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+default: #test-nolink-not-yet-written
+
+nolink-xetex:
+# footline is correctly not linked:
+ xelatex nolink-xetex
+
+nolink-pdftex:
+ $(pdftex) -progname=pdflatex nolink-pdftex
+
+fmt:
+ $(pdftex) -ini -etex -env pdflatex.ini
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/fancyhdr.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/fancyhdr.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8326b3f8586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/fancyhdr.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `fancyhdr.sty',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% fancyhdr.dtx (with options: `fancyhdr')
+%%
+%% This is a generated file.
+%%
+%% This file may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions of
+%% the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 of this license
+%% or (at your option) any later version. The latest version of this
+%% license is in:
+%%
+%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%%
+%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX version
+%% 2005/12/01 or later.
+%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesPackage{fancyhdr}%
+ [2019/01/31 v3.10
+ Extensive control of page headers and footers]%
+% Copyright (C) 1994-2019 by Piet van Oostrum <piet@vanoostrum.org>
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\if@nch@mpty#1{\def\temp@a{#1}\ifx\temp@a\@empty}
+\def\f@nch@def#1#2{\if@nch@mpty{#2}\f@nch@gbl\def#1{\leavevmode}\else
+ \f@nch@gbl\def#1{#2\strut}\fi}
+\let\f@nch@gbl\global
+\newcommand{\f@nch@ifundefined}[1]{%
+ \begingroup\expandafter\expandafter\expandafter\endgroup
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname #1\endcsname\relax
+ \expandafter\@firstoftwo
+ \else
+ \expandafter\@secondoftwo
+ \fi}
+\newcommand\f@nch@errmsg[1]{%
+ \f@nch@ifundefined{PackageError}{\errmessage{#1}}{\PackageError{Fancyhdr}{#1}{}}}
+\newcommand\f@nch@warning[1]{%
+ \f@nch@ifundefined{PackageWarning}{\errmessage{#1}}{\PackageWarning{Fancyhdr}{#1}{}}}
+\newcommand{\f@nch@forc}[3]{\expandafter\f@rc\expandafter#1\expandafter{#2}{#3}}
+\newcommand{\f@rc}[3]{\def\temp@ty{#2}\ifx\@empty\temp@ty\else
+ \f@nch@rc#1#2\f@nch@rc{#3}\fi}
+\def\f@nch@rc#1#2#3\f@nch@rc#4{\def#1{#2}#4\f@rc#1{#3}{#4}}
+\newcommand{\f@nch@for}[3]{\edef\@fortmp{#2}%
+ \expandafter\@forloop#2,\@nil,\@nil\@@#1{#3}}
+\newcommand\f@nch@default[3]{%
+ \edef\temp@a{\lowercase{\edef\noexpand\temp@a{#3}}}\temp@a \def#1{}%
+ \f@nch@forc\tmpf@ra{#2}%
+ {\expandafter\f@nch@ifin\tmpf@ra\temp@a{\edef#1{#1\tmpf@ra}}{}}%
+ \ifx\@empty#1\def#1{#2}\fi}
+\newcommand{\f@nch@ifin}[4]{%
+ \edef\temp@a{#2}\def\temp@b##1#1##2\temp@b{\def\temp@b{##1}}%
+ \expandafter\temp@b#2#1\temp@b\ifx\temp@a\temp@b #4\else #3\fi}
+\newcommand{\fancyhead}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhf\fancyhead h[#1]{#2}}%
+\newcommand{\fancyfoot}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhf\fancyfoot f[#1]{#2}}%
+\newcommand{\fancyhf}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhf\fancyhf {}[#1]{#2}}%
+\newcommand{\fancyheadoffset}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhfoffs\fancyheadoffset h[#1]{#2}}%
+\newcommand{\fancyfootoffset}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhfoffs\fancyfootoffset f[#1]{#2}}%
+\newcommand{\fancyhfoffset}[2][]{\f@nch@fancyhfoffs\fancyhfoffset {}[#1]{#2}}%
+\def\f@nch@fancyhf#1#2[#3]#4{%
+ \def\temp@c{}%
+ \f@nch@forc\tmpf@ra{#3}%
+ {\expandafter\f@nch@ifin\tmpf@ra{eolcrhf,EOLCRHF}%
+ {}{\edef\temp@c{\temp@c\tmpf@ra}}}%
+ \ifx\@empty\temp@c\else \f@nch@errmsg{Illegal char `\temp@c' in
+ \string#1 argument: [#3]}%
+ \fi \f@nch@for\temp@c{#3}%
+ {\f@nch@default\f@nch@@eo{eo}\temp@c \if@twoside\else \if\f@nch@@eo
+ e\f@nch@warning {\string#1's `E' option without twoside option is
+ useless}\fi\fi \f@nch@default\f@nch@@lcr{lcr}\temp@c
+ \f@nch@default\f@nch@@hf{hf}{#2\temp@c}%
+ \f@nch@forc\f@nch@eo\f@nch@@eo
+ {\f@nch@forc\f@nch@lcr\f@nch@@lcr
+ {\f@nch@forc\f@nch@hf\f@nch@@hf
+ {\expandafter\f@nch@def\csname
+ f@nch@\f@nch@eo\f@nch@lcr\f@nch@hf\endcsname {#4}}}}}}
+\def\f@nch@fancyhfoffs#1#2[#3]#4{%
+ \def\temp@c{}%
+ \f@nch@forc\tmpf@ra{#3}%
+ {\expandafter\f@nch@ifin\tmpf@ra{eolrhf,EOLRHF}%
+ {}{\edef\temp@c{\temp@c\tmpf@ra}}}%
+ \ifx\@empty\temp@c\else \f@nch@errmsg{Illegal char `\temp@c' in
+ \string#1 argument: [#3]}%
+ \fi \f@nch@for\temp@c{#3}%
+ {\f@nch@default\f@nch@@eo{eo}\temp@c \if@twoside\else \if\f@nch@@eo
+ e\f@nch@warning {\string#1's `E' option without twoside option is
+ useless}\fi\fi \f@nch@default\f@nch@@lcr{lr}\temp@c
+ \f@nch@default\f@nch@@hf{hf}{#2\temp@c}%
+ \f@nch@forc\f@nch@eo\f@nch@@eo
+ {\f@nch@forc\f@nch@lcr\f@nch@@lcr
+ {\f@nch@forc\f@nch@hf\f@nch@@hf
+ {\expandafter\setlength\csname
+ f@nch@O@\f@nch@eo\f@nch@lcr\f@nch@hf\endcsname {#4}}}}}%
+ \f@nch@setoffs}
+\newcommand{\lhead}[2][\f@nch@olh]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@olh{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@elh{#1}}
+\newcommand{\chead}[2][\f@nch@och]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@och{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@ech{#1}}
+\newcommand{\rhead}[2][\f@nch@orh]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@orh{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@erh{#1}}
+\newcommand{\lfoot}[2][\f@nch@olf]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@olf{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@elf{#1}}
+\newcommand{\cfoot}[2][\f@nch@ocf]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@ocf{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@ecf{#1}}
+\newcommand{\rfoot}[2][\f@nch@orf]%
+ {\f@nch@def\f@nch@orf{#2}\f@nch@def\f@nch@erf{#1}}
+\newlength{\f@nch@headwidth} \let\headwidth\f@nch@headwidth
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@elh}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@erh}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@olh}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@orh}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@elf}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@erf}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@olf}
+\newlength{\f@nch@O@orf}
+\newcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.4pt}
+\newcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
+\f@nch@ifundefined{footruleskip}%
+ {\newcommand{\footruleskip}{.3\normalbaselineskip}}{}
+\newcommand{\plainheadrulewidth}{0pt}
+\newcommand{\plainfootrulewidth}{0pt}
+\newif\if@fancyplain \@fancyplainfalse
+\def\fancyplain#1#2{\if@fancyplain#1\else#2\fi}
+\headwidth=-123456789sp
+\let\f@nch@raggedleft\raggedleft
+\let\f@nch@raggedright\raggedright
+\let\f@nch@centering\centering
+\let\f@nch@everypar\everypar
+\def\f@nch@reset{\f@nch@everypar{}\restorecr\endlinechar=13
+ \let\\\@normalcr \let\raggedleft\f@nch@raggedleft
+ \let\raggedright\f@nch@raggedright \let\centering\f@nch@centering
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \hsize=\headwidth
+ \def\nouppercase##1{{\let\uppercase\relax\let\MakeUppercase\relax
+ \expandafter\let\csname MakeUppercase \endcsname\relax##1}}%
+ \f@nch@ifundefined{@newbaseline} % NFSS not present; 2.09 or 2e
+ {\f@nch@ifundefined{@normalsize} {\normalsize} % for ucthesis.cls
+ {\@normalsize}}%
+ {\@newbaseline}% NFSS (2.09) present
+ }
+\fancyhf{}
+\if@twoside
+ \fancyhead[el,or]{\fancyplain{}{\slshape\rightmark}}
+ \fancyhead[er,ol]{\fancyplain{}{\slshape\leftmark}}
+\else
+ \fancyhead[l]{\fancyplain{}{\slshape\rightmark}}
+ \fancyhead[r]{\fancyplain{}{\slshape\leftmark}}
+\fi
+\fancyfoot[c]{\rmfamily\thepage} % page number
+\newcommand\f@nch@vbox[2]{%
+ \setbox0\vbox{#2}%
+ \ifdim\ht0>#1\relax
+ \f@nch@warning{%
+ \string#1 is too small (\the#1): ^^J%
+ Make it at least \the\ht0.^^J%
+ We now make it that large for the rest of the document.^^J%
+ This may cause the page layout to be inconsistent, however\@gobble
+ }%
+ \dimen0=#1\relax
+ \global#1=\ht0\relax
+ \ht0=\dimen0 %
+ \fi
+ \box0}
+\newcommand\f@nch@head[5]{%
+ #1%
+ \hbox to\headwidth{%
+ \f@nch@reset
+ \f@nch@vbox\headheight{%
+ \hbox{%
+ \rlap{\parbox[b]{\headwidth}{\raggedright#2}}%
+ \hfill
+ \parbox[b]{\headwidth}{\centering#3}%
+ \hfill
+ \llap{\parbox[b]{\headwidth}{\raggedleft#4}}%
+ }%
+ \headrule
+ }%
+ }%
+ #5%
+}
+\newcommand\f@nch@foot[5]{%
+\pdfrunninglinkoff
+ #1%
+ \hbox to\headwidth{%
+ \f@nch@reset
+ \f@nch@vbox\footskip{%
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\footrule}\unvbox0
+ \vskip\footruleskip
+ \hbox{%
+ \rlap{\parbox[t]{\headwidth}{\raggedright#2}}%
+ \hfill
+ \parbox[t]{\headwidth}{\centering#3}%
+ \hfill
+ \llap{\parbox[t]{\headwidth}{\raggedleft#4}}%
+ }%
+ }%
+ }%
+ #5%
+}
+\def\headrule{{\if@fancyplain\let\headrulewidth\plainheadrulewidth\fi
+ \hrule\@height\headrulewidth\@width\headwidth
+ \vskip-\headrulewidth}}
+\def\footrule{{\if@fancyplain\let\footrulewidth\plainfootrulewidth\fi
+ \hrule\@width\headwidth\@height\footrulewidth}}
+\def\ps@fancy{%
+ \f@nch@ifundefined{@chapapp}{\let\@chapapp\chaptername}{}% for amsbook
+\f@nch@ifundefined{MakeUppercase}{\def\MakeUppercase{\uppercase}}{}%
+\f@nch@ifundefined{chapter}%
+ {\def\sectionmark##1{\markboth{\MakeUppercase{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth>\z@
+ \thesection\hskip 1em\relax
+ \fi ##1}}{}}%
+ \def\subsectionmark##1{\markright {\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\@ne
+ \thesubsection\hskip 1em\relax \fi ##1}}}%
+ {\def\chaptermark##1{\markboth {\MakeUppercase{\ifnum
+ \c@secnumdepth>\m@ne \@chapapp\ \thechapter. \ \fi ##1}}{}}%
+\def\sectionmark##1{\markright{\MakeUppercase{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@
+ \thesection. \ \fi ##1}}}%
+}
+\ps@@fancy
+\gdef\ps@fancy{\@fancyplainfalse\ps@@fancy}%
+\ifdim\headwidth<0sp
+ \global\advance\headwidth123456789sp\global\advance\headwidth\textwidth
+\fi}
+\def\ps@fancyplain{\ps@fancy \let\ps@plain\ps@plain@fancy}
+\def\ps@plain@fancy{\@fancyplaintrue\ps@@fancy}
+\let\ps@@empty\ps@empty
+\def\ps@@fancy{%
+ \ps@@empty
+ \def\@mkboth{\protect\markboth}%
+ \def\@oddhead{\f@nch@head\f@nch@Oolh\f@nch@olh\f@nch@och\f@nch@orh\f@nch@Oorh}%
+ \def\@oddfoot{\f@nch@foot\f@nch@Oolf\f@nch@olf\f@nch@ocf\f@nch@orf\f@nch@Oorf}%
+ \def\@evenhead{\f@nch@head\f@nch@Oelh\f@nch@elh\f@nch@ech\f@nch@erh\f@nch@Oerh}%
+ \def\@evenfoot{\f@nch@foot\f@nch@Oelf\f@nch@elf\f@nch@ecf\f@nch@erf\f@nch@Oerf}%
+}
+\def\f@nch@Oolh{\if@reversemargin\hss\else\relax\fi}
+\def\f@nch@Oorh{\if@reversemargin\relax\else\hss\fi}
+\let\f@nch@Oelh\f@nch@Oorh
+\let\f@nch@Oerh\f@nch@Oolh
+\let\f@nch@Oolf\f@nch@Oolh
+\let\f@nch@Oorf\f@nch@Oorh
+\let\f@nch@Oelf\f@nch@Oelh
+\let\f@nch@Oerf\f@nch@Oerh
+\def\f@nch@offsolh{\headwidth=\textwidth\advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@olh
+ \advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@orh\hskip-\f@nch@O@olh}
+\def\f@nch@offselh{\headwidth=\textwidth\advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@elh
+ \advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@erh\hskip-\f@nch@O@elh}
+\def\f@nch@offsolf{\headwidth=\textwidth\advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@olf
+ \advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@orf\hskip-\f@nch@O@olf}
+\def\f@nch@offself{\headwidth=\textwidth\advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@elf
+ \advance\headwidth\f@nch@O@erf\hskip-\f@nch@O@elf}
+\def\f@nch@setoffs{%
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\headwidth\f@nch@headwidth
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oolh\f@nch@offsolh
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oelh\f@nch@offselh \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oorh\hss
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oerh\hss \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oolf\f@nch@offsolf
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oelf\f@nch@offself \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oorf\hss
+ \f@nch@gbl\let\f@nch@Oerf\hss
+}
+\newif\iff@nch@footnote
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+ \let\latex@makecol\@makecol
+ \def\@makecol{\ifvoid\footins\f@nch@footnotefalse\else\f@nch@footnotetrue\fi
+ \let\topfloat\@toplist\let\botfloat\@botlist\latex@makecol}%
+}
+\newcommand\iftopfloat[2]{\ifx\topfloat\empty #2\else #1\fi}%
+\newcommand\ifbotfloat[2]{\ifx\botfloat\empty #2\else #1\fi}%
+\newcommand\iffloatpage[2]{\if@fcolmade #1\else #2\fi}%
+\newcommand\iffootnote[2]{\iff@nch@footnote #1\else #2\fi}%
+\newcommand{\fancypagestyle}[2]{%
+ \@namedef{ps@#1}{\let\f@nch@gbl\relax#2\relax\ps@fancy}}
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `fancyhdr.sty'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-example.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-example.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7e497b7e9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-example.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+% $Id: nolink-example.tex 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+\pagestyle{fancy}
+%\cfoot{some footline text that should not be linked}
+%\usepackage{ifxetex}
+%\ifxetex
+ \cfoot{\special{pdf:nolink}some footline text that should not be
+linked but is unless xetex\special{pdf:link}}
+ %\fi
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+\begin{document}
+\vspace*{48\baselineskip}
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+\href{xxxxx}{link link link link }
+\end{document}
+
+% https://tug.org/pipermail/tex-live/2018-November/042759.html
+% Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2018 12:31:25 +0100
+% From: Ulrike Fischer <news3@nililand.de>
+% To: tex-live@tug.org
+% Subject: [tex-live] pdfstartlink/pdfendlink and boxing level problems
+%
+% [see ../15-startlink-boxing/*.tex for other request.]
+%
+% 2. The engines interrupts linking if the boxing level of
+% intermediate text is less than the boxing level at the start of the
+% link:
+%
+% [example program above]
+%
+% This allows to some extend to exclude e.g. header and footer from
+% link areas. But doesn't work e.g. with fancyhdr which adds an
+% additional box level to the footer. xetex/xdvidfpmx has here a quite
+% useful special \special{pdf:nolink} which can be used to suppress
+% the unwanted link area:
+%
+% \documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+% \usepackage{fancyhdr}
+% \pagestyle{fancy}
+% \cfoot{some longer text that should not be linked}
+% \usepackage{ifxetex}
+% \ifxetex
+% %\cfoot{\special{pdf:nolink}some longer text that should not be
+% linked\special{pdf:link}}
+% \fi
+% \usepackage{hyperref}
+%
+% \begin{document}
+% \vspace*{48\baselineskip}
+% xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+% \href{xxxxx}{link link link link }
+% \end{document}
+%
+% Would it be possible to add to pdftex/luatex something similar?
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9d44f3c095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..67277899fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-pdftex.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+% $Id: nolink-example.tex 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+\pagestyle{fancy}
+\cfoot{some footline text that should not be linked but is unless xetex}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+\begin{document}
+\vspace*{48\baselineskip}
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+\href{xxxxx}{link link link link }
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..408413b8d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7e497b7e9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/16-nolink-special/nolink-xetex.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+% $Id: nolink-example.tex 831 2020-06-04 18:07:54Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+\pagestyle{fancy}
+%\cfoot{some footline text that should not be linked}
+%\usepackage{ifxetex}
+%\ifxetex
+ \cfoot{\special{pdf:nolink}some footline text that should not be
+linked but is unless xetex\special{pdf:link}}
+ %\fi
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+\begin{document}
+\vspace*{48\baselineskip}
+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+\href{xxxxx}{link link link link }
+\end{document}
+
+% https://tug.org/pipermail/tex-live/2018-November/042759.html
+% Date: Wed, 28 Nov 2018 12:31:25 +0100
+% From: Ulrike Fischer <news3@nililand.de>
+% To: tex-live@tug.org
+% Subject: [tex-live] pdfstartlink/pdfendlink and boxing level problems
+%
+% [see ../15-startlink-boxing/*.tex for other request.]
+%
+% 2. The engines interrupts linking if the boxing level of
+% intermediate text is less than the boxing level at the start of the
+% link:
+%
+% [example program above]
+%
+% This allows to some extend to exclude e.g. header and footer from
+% link areas. But doesn't work e.g. with fancyhdr which adds an
+% additional box level to the footer. xetex/xdvidfpmx has here a quite
+% useful special \special{pdf:nolink} which can be used to suppress
+% the unwanted link area:
+%
+% \documentclass[a4paper]{article}
+% \usepackage{fancyhdr}
+% \pagestyle{fancy}
+% \cfoot{some longer text that should not be linked}
+% \usepackage{ifxetex}
+% \ifxetex
+% %\cfoot{\special{pdf:nolink}some longer text that should not be
+% linked\special{pdf:link}}
+% \fi
+% \usepackage{hyperref}
+%
+% \begin{document}
+% \vspace*{48\baselineskip}
+% xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+% \href{xxxxx}{link link link link }
+% \end{document}
+%
+% Would it be possible to add to pdftex/luatex something similar?
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..09a082f35fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex) -ini f.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/f.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4fea302d17b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/17-fake-space-bug/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+%%%%
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\pdfoutput=1 \pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfglyphtounicode{space}{0020}
+\pdfinterwordspaceon
+\font\x=cmr10 \x \hsize=4in \vsize=4in
+\noindent abc cde\hfil
+\end
+%%%% \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b25b202b0a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ # $(ttf2afm)
+ # $(ttf2afm) ./SourceCodePro-Regular.ttf
+ # $(ttf2afm) -u ./SourceCodePro-Regular.ttf
+ $(ttf2afm) -e ./ec-uni.enc -u ./SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttf >f
+
+help:
+ $(ttf2afm)
+
+dump:
+ ttx -t name SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttf
+ ttx -t name SourceCodePro-Regular-working.ttf
+
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+ rm -f *.ttx f
+
+rebuild:
+ $(rebuild)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3563e7347be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-latest.ttf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-working.ttf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-working.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c3934950277
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/SourceCodePro-Regular-working.ttf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/ec-uni.enc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/ec-uni.enc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..57a3fce50f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/18-ttf2afm-bug/ec-uni.enc
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+/ECEncoding [
+/uni0060
+/uni00B4
+/uni02C6
+/uni02DC
+/uni00A8
+/uni02DD
+/uni02DA
+/uni02C7
+/uni02D8
+/uni00AF
+/uni02D9
+/uni00B8
+/uni02DB
+/uni201A
+/uni2039
+/uni203A
+/uni201C
+/uni201D
+/uni201E
+/uni00AB
+/uni00BB
+/uni2013
+/uni2014
+/uniEB10
+/uniEB4D
+/uni0131
+/uniF6BE
+/uniFB00
+/uniFB01
+/uniFB02
+/uniFB03
+/uniFB04
+/uni2423
+/uni0021
+/uni0022
+/uni0023
+/uni0024
+/uni0025
+/uni0026
+/uni2019
+/uni0028
+/uni0029
+/uni002A
+/uni002B
+/uni002C
+/uni002D
+/uni002E
+/uni002F
+/uni0030
+/uni0031
+/uni0032
+/uni0033
+/uni0034
+/uni0035
+/uni0036
+/uni0037
+/uni0038
+/uni0039
+/uni003A
+/uni003B
+/uni003C
+/uni003D
+/uni003E
+/uni003F
+/uni0040
+/uni0041
+/uni0042
+/uni0043
+/uni0044
+/uni0045
+/uni0046
+/uni0047
+/uni0048
+/uni0049
+/uni004A
+/uni004B
+/uni004C
+/uni004D
+/uni004E
+/uni004F
+/uni0050
+/uni0051
+/uni0052
+/uni0053
+/uni0054
+/uni0055
+/uni0056
+/uni0057
+/uni0058
+/uni0059
+/uni005A
+/uni005B
+/uni005C
+/uni005D
+/uni005E
+/uni005F
+/uni2018
+/uni0061
+/uni0062
+/uni0063
+/uni0064
+/uni0065
+/uni0066
+/uni0067
+/uni0068
+/uni0069
+/uni006A
+/uni006B
+/uni006C
+/uni006D
+/uni006E
+/uni006F
+/uni0070
+/uni0071
+/uni0072
+/uni0073
+/uni0074
+/uni0075
+/uni0076
+/uni0077
+/uni0078
+/uni0079
+/uni007A
+/uni007B
+/uni007C
+/uni007D
+/uni007E
+/uniEB2F
+/uni0102
+/uni0104
+/uni0106
+/uni010C
+/uni010E
+/uni011A
+/uni0118
+/uni011E
+/uni0139
+/uni013D
+/uni0141
+/uni0143
+/uni0147
+/uni014A
+/uni0150
+/uni0154
+/uni0158
+/uni015A
+/uni0160
+/uni015E
+/uni0164
+/uni0162
+/uni0170
+/uni016E
+/uni0178
+/uni0179
+/uni017D
+/uni017B
+/uni0132
+/uni0130
+/uni0111
+/uni00A7
+/uni0103
+/uni0105
+/uni0107
+/uni010D
+/uni010F
+/uni011B
+/uni0119
+/uni011F
+/uni013A
+/uni013E
+/uni0142
+/uni0144
+/uni0148
+/uni014B
+/uni0151
+/uni0155
+/uni0159
+/uni015B
+/uni0161
+/uni015F
+/uni0165
+/uni0163
+/uni0171
+/uni016F
+/uni00FF
+/uni017A
+/uni017E
+/uni017C
+/uni0133
+/uni00A1
+/uni00BF
+/uni00A3
+/uni00C0
+/uni00C1
+/uni00C2
+/uni00C3
+/uni00C4
+/uni00C5
+/uni00C6
+/uni00C7
+/uni00C8
+/uni00C9
+/uni00CA
+/uni00CB
+/uni00CC
+/uni00CD
+/uni00CE
+/uni00CF
+/uni00D0
+/uni00D1
+/uni00D2
+/uni00D3
+/uni00D4
+/uni00D5
+/uni00D6
+/uni0152
+/uni00D8
+/uni00D9
+/uni00DA
+/uni00DB
+/uni00DC
+/uni00DD
+/uni00DE
+/uniEB28
+/uni00E0
+/uni00E1
+/uni00E2
+/uni00E3
+/uni00E4
+/uni00E5
+/uni00E6
+/uni00E7
+/uni00E8
+/uni00E9
+/uni00EA
+/uni00EB
+/uni00EC
+/uni00ED
+/uni00EE
+/uni00EF
+/uni00F0
+/uni00F1
+/uni00F2
+/uni00F3
+/uni00F4
+/uni00F5
+/uni00F6
+/uni0153
+/uni00F8
+/uni00F9
+/uni00FA
+/uni00FB
+/uni00FC
+/uni00FD
+/uni00FE
+/uni00DF
+] def
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..17dc7695a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(prog) ./f.tex
+
+test2:
+ $(prog) ./f2.tex
+
+fmt:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..382eec638ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+\parindent=0pt
+\pdfprotrudechars2
+
+H
+
+\font\x=FdSymbolB-Regular at 10pt
+\x
+\lpcode\x`b=500
+bye % no protrusion
+
+\fontdimen6\x=10pt
+bye % protrusion fixed
+
+% here it doesn't work
+\letterspacefont\xy\x 300
+% \fontdimen6\xy=10pt % no difference
+\lpcode\xy`b=500
+\xy
+bye
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f2.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43b3e6150bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/19-letterspacefont/f2.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+% \input plain.tex
+
+\font\x=cmr12 at 10pt
+\letterspacefont\y\x 100
+\y y
+
+\bye
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc028a84bcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(prog) ./f.tex
+
+fmt:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/f.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..30542eb9cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/20-autokern/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+\hsize=7cm
+\parindent=0pt
+\tracingoutput1
+\showboxdepth\maxdimen
+\showboxbreadth\maxdimen
+\def\test#1{%
+ \vbox to 0pt{\vrule height 1cm\hfill\vrule height 1cm \vss}
+ \leavevmode\llap{#1 }\ignorespaces}
+
+\test1
+\pdfappendkern=1
+\pdfprependkern=1
+\pdfprotrudechars=2
+\knbccode\font`\A=150
+\knaccode\font`\A=150
+\lpcode\font`\A=500
+\rpcode\font`\A=500
+text text text text text
+text text text AtextA AtextA
+
+\test2
+\pdfprotrudechars=0
+\knbccode\font`\-=250
+\knaccode\font`\-=250
+text text text text text text
+text text text-text-text
+
+\test3
+text text text text text text
+text text-text\-text-text
+
+\bye
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c905e03bb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 869 2021-11-04 21:46:36Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+# Test structure destinations.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+default: test-struct
+
+test-struct: test-structdest.tex
+ $(prog) $<
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/test-structdest.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/test-structdest.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69326730a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/21-structdest/test-structdest.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+% $Id: test-structdest.tex 869 2021-11-04 21:46:36Z karl $
+% Public domain. Originally by Marcel Kr\"uger, 2021.
+% Make some structured destinations with various syntax combinations.
+% Output is just checked by hand.
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfoutput=1
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\output={\global\advance\count0 by 1 \shipout\box255 }
+
+\def\eject{\par\penalty-10000 }
+\def\space{ }
+
+\pdfdest num 42 fit
+% Assuming that 12345 0 R is a valid reference to the non-existing
+% structure element at this location...
+\pdfdest struct 12345 num 42 fit
+Hello
+
+\hfill\eject
+\pdfdest name {earth} fit
+\pdfdest struct 1337 name {earth} fit
+World
+
+\vfill\eject
+\noindent
+\pdfstartlink goto struct num 42 num 42 First\pdfendlink
+\space
+\pdfstartlink goto struct name {earth} num 42 Combination 1\pdfendlink
+\space
+\pdfstartlink goto struct num 42 name {earth} Combination 1\pdfendlink
+\space
+\pdfstartlink goto struct name {earth} name {earth} Second\pdfendlink
+\space
+\pdfstartlink goto struct name {i_dont_exists} name {me neither} Third\pdfendlink
+\space
+\pdfstartlink goto file {f.pdf} struct {[(external_element_id) /Fit]}
+ name {marcel} Forth\pdfendlink
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..52c0d2c0a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 873 2021-11-09 16:13:48Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+# Test \showstream.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+default: test-showstream
+
+test-showstream: test-showstream-basic test-showstream-only
+
+# bad return status since normal \show's happen.
+test-showstream-basic: test-showstream-basic.tex
+ ! $(prog) $<
+ $(MAKE) xray=test-showstream-basic.xray grep-xray
+
+# good return status since only showstream.
+test-showstream-only: test-showstream-only.tex
+ $(prog) $<
+ $(MAKE) xray=test-showstream-only.xray grep-xray
+
+# the .xray files have the same contents in both contents
+grep-xray:
+ grep 42 $(xray) >/dev/null
+ grep '\\undefined=undefined' $(xray) >/dev/null
+ grep '\\par=\\par' $(xray) >/dev/null
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-basic.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-basic.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..987dce662b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-basic.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+% $Id: test-showstream-basic.tex 873 2021-11-09 16:13:48Z karl $
+% Public domain. Originally by Marcel Kr\"uger, 2021.
+%
+% Test basic \showstream output and that it doesn't interfere with
+% regular \show commands when inactive.
+% It should print the meaning of \stillVisible and \backToNormal while the
+% remaining \show commands should not lead to any terminal interaction but
+% get written to the .xray file.
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfoutput=1
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+%\output={\global\advance\count0 by 1 \shipout\box255 }
+
+\begingroup
+\chardef\showout=1 % \newwrite\showout
+\showstream=\showout
+\show\stillVisible
+\immediate\openout\showout"\jobname.xray"
+\count0=42
+\showthe\count0
+\show\undefined
+\show\par
+\setbox0\hbox{Hello world}
+\showbox0
+\immediate\closeout\showout
+\endgroup
+\show\backToNormal
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-only.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-only.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..79ba311583b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/22-showstream/test-showstream-only.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+% $Id: test-showstream-only.tex 873 2021-11-09 16:13:48Z karl $
+% Public domain. Originally by Marcel Kr\"uger, 2021.
+%
+% Test basic \showstream output, and that no error code is returned if
+% only redirected \show commands occurred in a run.
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfoutput=1
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\output={\global\advance\count0 by 1 \shipout\box255 }
+
+\begingroup
+\chardef\showout=1 % \newwrite\showout
+\showstream=\showout
+% \show\stillVisible
+\immediate\openout\showout"\jobname.xray"
+\count0=42
+\showthe\count0
+\show\undefined
+\show\par
+\setbox0\hbox{Hello world}
+\showbox0
+\immediate\closeout\showout
+\endgroup
+% \show\backToNormal
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6c61701f58e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+# prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f.tex
+
+# fmt:
+ # $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/f.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..872085b0d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/23-omit-info-dict/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+% \pdfomitinfodict=1
+abc
+\bye
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..42cbe62ce01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..103f67103d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+# prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./gentium-ttf.tex
+
+# fmt:
+ # $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/gentium-ttf.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/gentium-ttf.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..db5c79afd82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/gentium-ttf.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+\catcode`\{=1
+\catcode`\}=2
+\pdfoutput=1
+\hsize=25pt
+\pdfmapline{texnansi-gentiumplus-regular <texnansi.enc <GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf}
+\font\x = texnansi-gentiumplus-regular
+\hbox{\x hi\hfil}\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/texnansi-gentiumplus-regular.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/texnansi-gentiumplus-regular.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b26d69fcb90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/24-cant-read-gentium/texnansi-gentiumplus-regular.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a53bf3a900e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+# prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f.tex
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f2.tex
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f3.tex
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f4.tex
+
+# fmt:
+ # $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c189d1b7b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+\pdfomitprocset=0 % omit if pdfmajorversion>=2
+\pdfmajorversion=1
+abc
+\bye
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f2.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f2.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ed359a2eef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f2.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+\pdfomitprocset=0 % omit if pdfmajorversion>=2
+\pdfmajorversion=2
+abc
+\bye
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f3.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f3.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0cc5dc15ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f3.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+\pdfomitprocset=1 % always omit
+\pdfmajorversion=1
+abc
+\bye
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f4.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f4.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c54d2fe55c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/25-pdfomitprocset/f4.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+\pdfomitprocset=-1 % never omit
+\pdfmajorversion=2
+abc
+\bye
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6c61701f58e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+# prog = $(pdftex2) -fmt pdfetex
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini ./f.tex
+
+# fmt:
+ # $(pdftex2) -ini '*pdfetex.ini'
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/f.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee1560b1624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/26-show-pdfdest-struct/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+
+
+\showboxbreadth=100
+\showboxdepth=100
+\tracingoutput=1
+abc
+\pdfdest name {aaa} xyz
+\pdfdest struct 1 name {bbb} xyz %number meaningless, only test!!
+\bye
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5e64fd3fed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 890 2023-01-21 02:05:59Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+# Test shipout keyword on \special and \pdfliteral.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test-shipout:
+ $(prog) -etex ./test-shipout.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cbd4641e27f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.pdf
@@ -0,0 +1,791 @@
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+%
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3d21e00450c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/27-late-shipout/test-shipout.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+% $Id: test-shipout.tex 910 2023-08-26 17:47:24Z karl $
+% Public domain. Originally by Phelype Oleinik, 2023.
+% Test `shipout' keyword on \special and \pdfliteral to delay expansion.
+
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\output={\global\advance\count0 by 1 \shipout\box255 }
+
+\pdfoutput=1
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\hsize=4.6cm
+ \pdfpagewidth=\hsize
+ \hoffset=-1in
+\topskip=10pt
+\baselineskip=12pt
+\vsize=\dimexpr\topskip+3\baselineskip\relax
+ \pdfpageheight=\vsize
+ \voffset=-1in
+\parindent=0pt
+
+\font\f = cmr10 \f
+
+\def\!{\ifodd\count0 0\else 1\fi}
+\def\0{\pdfliteral {0 g}}
+
+\def\text{%
+ \pdfliteral direct {\! 1 0 0 k}1hello\01 %
+ \special {PDF:direct:\! g}2hello\02 %
+ \pdfliteral shipout direct {\! 1 0 0 k}3hello\03 %
+ \special shipout {PDF:direct:\! g}4hello\04 %
+}
+
+\text \text \text \text
+\text \text \text \text
+\text \text \text \text
+\text \text \text \text
+
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d93c92ca632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini fake-interword-space.tex
+
+font:
+ cd pdftexspace; t1asm pdftexspace.ps pdftexspace.pfb
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/fake-interword-space.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/fake-interword-space.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9510f72f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/fake-interword-space.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\footline={}
+
+% \pdfspacefont{texnansi-lmr10} % if not specified then `pdftexspace` will be used
+
+
+\long\def\lorem{
+\par
+Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin risus nisl, rutrum vel erat et, sollicitudin rutrum mauris. Donec fermentum sem ut nibh consectetur placerat. Cras et dui lacus. Vivamus in turpis aliquet, porta massa ut, bibendum erat. Nulla in bibendum nisi. Nunc egestas tellus augue, vel auctor metus venenatis non. Ut viverra gravida neque a eleifend. Morbi ipsum nisl, finibus sed nisl vitae, aliquet viverra nunc.\par
+}
+
+\font\fa=cmr10\fa cmr10
+
+\pdfinterwordspaceoff pdfinterwordspaceoff
+\lorem
+\pdfinterwordspaceon pdfinterwordspaceon
+\lorem
+
+\font\fb=texnansi-lmr10\fb texnansi-lmr10
+
+\pdfinterwordspaceoff pdfinterwordspaceoff
+\lorem
+\pdfinterwordspaceon pdfinterwordspaceon
+\lorem
+
+\bye
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.pfb b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.pfb
new file mode 120000
index 00000000000..1d284e41035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.pfb
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pfb \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.tfm
new file mode 120000
index 00000000000..d90c18c3705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace.tfm
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pdftexspace/pdftexspace.tfm \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a0d57ee25d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# public domain
+
+font = pdftexspace
+
+try-space.pdf: try-space.tex $(font).pfb $(font).tfm
+ pdftex $<
+
+$(font).pfb: $(font).pfa
+ t1asm $< $@ || rm -f $@
+
+$(font).tfm: $(font).pl
+ pltotf $< $@ || rm -f $@
+
+files = Makefile
+files += $(font).pfb $(font).pfa
+files += $(font).tfm $(font).pl
+files += try-space.tex try-space.pdf
+
+dist: try-space.pdf
+ tar czf $(font).tgz $(files)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pfb b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pfb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..30ab8ff4bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pfb
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pl b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c72f00bdbf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+(FAMILY PDFTEXDUMMYSPACE)
+(CODINGSCHEME SPACEONLY)
+(DESIGNSIZE R 10.0)
+(COMMENT DESIGNSIZE IS IN POINTS)
+(COMMENT OTHER SIZES ARE MULTIPLES OF DESIGNSIZE)
+(comment actual size of space is 333bp = 334.24875pt)
+(FONTDIMEN
+ (SLANT R 0.0)
+ (SPACE R 0.33424875)
+ (STRETCH R 0.0)
+ (SHRINK R 0.0)
+ (XHEIGHT R 0.5)
+ (QUAD R 1.0)
+ (EXTRASPACE R 0.0)
+ )
+(CHARACTER O 40
+ (CHARWD R 0.33424875)
+ )
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.ps b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.ps
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8109d509cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.ps
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+%!PS-AdobeFont-1.0: PdfTeX-Space 1.00
+%%CreationDate: 08 February 2023
+% This work is in the public domain.
+% Originally created by Han The Thanh and Karl Berry, 2023.
+% (Started editing from lmr10.pfa, but there's nothing LM-specific left.)
+%%EndComments
+FontDirectory/PdfTeX-Space known{/PdfTeX-Space findfont dup/UniqueID known{dup
+/UniqueID get 0 eq exch/FontType get 1 eq and}{pop false}ifelse
+{save true}{false}ifelse}{false}ifelse
+17 dict begin
+/FontInfo 9 dict dup begin
+/version(1.000)readonly def
+/Notice(Public domain)readonly def
+/FullName(PdfTeX-Space)readonly def
+/FamilyName(PdfTeX)readonly def
+/Weight(Normal)readonly def
+/isFixedPitch false def
+/ItalicAngle 0 def
+/UnderlinePosition -1 def
+/UnderlineThickness 40 def
+end readonly def
+/FontName /PdfTeX-Space def
+/Encoding 256 array
+0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
+dup 32 /space put
+readonly def
+/PaintType 0 def
+/FontType 1 def
+/StrokeWidth 0 def
+/FontMatrix[0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0]readonly def
+%/UniqueID 0 def
+/FontBBox{0 -290 333 1127}readonly def
+% /FontBBox{0 0 333 0}readonly def
+% /FontBBox{-430 -290 1417 1127}readonly def
+currentdict end
+currentfile eexec
+dup/Private 19 dict dup begin
+/RD{string currentfile exch readstring pop}executeonly def
+/ND{noaccess def}executeonly def
+/NP{noaccess put}executeonly def
+/BlueValues [ ] def % required but can be empty
+%optional /BlueScale 0.04546 def
+%optional /BlueShift 7 def
+%optional /BlueFuzz 0 def
+/MinFeature{16 16}ND % required
+%/UniqueID 0 def
+%optional /StdHW[31]def
+%optional /StdVW[69]def
+%optional /StemSnapH[22 23 25 26 28 30 31 38 40 42 45 106]def
+%optional /StemSnapV[25 66 69 75 77 83 86 89 92 97 103 107]def
+/ForceBold false def
+/password 5839 def % required
+%
+% no hints needed, but include the standard first four OtherSubrs and
+% Subrs definitions anyway, since they (presumably) don't hurt. They are
+% never called.
+%
+% Copyright (c) 1987-1990 Adobe Systems Incorporated
+% All Rights Reserved.
+% This code to be used for hint replacement only
+/OtherSubrs
+[ { } { } { }
+{
+systemdict /internaldict known not
+{ pop 3 }
+{ 1183615869 systemdict /internaldict get exec
+dup /startlock known
+{ /startlock get exec }
+{ dup /strtlck known
+{ /strtlck get exec }
+{ pop 3 }
+ifelse }
+ifelse }
+ifelse
+} executeonly
+] noaccess def
+/Subrs 4 array
+dup 0 {
+ 3 0 callothersubr
+ pop
+ pop
+ setcurrentpoint
+ return
+ } NP
+dup 1 {
+ 0 1 callothersubr
+ return
+ } NP
+dup 2 {
+ 0 2 callothersubr
+ return
+ } NP
+dup 3 {
+ return
+ } NP
+ND
+2 index
+/CharStrings 2 dict dup begin
+/.notdef {
+ 0 280 hsbw
+ endchar
+ } ND
+/space {
+ 0 333
+ hsbw
+ endchar
+ } ND
+end end readonly put put
+dup/FontName get exch definefont pop
+mark currentfile closefile
+cleartomark
+%%EndResource
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c481c88229f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/pdftexspace.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f2731ccb3e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f24c5250225
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/28-fake-interword-space-updated/pdftexspace/try-space.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+\nopagenumbers
+\pdfmapline{+pdftexspace PdfTeX-Space <pdftexspace.pfb}
+\font\spacefont = pdftexspace
+\def\realspace{{\spacefont\char32}}
+
+Hello\realspace world.
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd010a2bfed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+all: fmt test
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -fmt pdflatex f.tex
+
+fmt:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini -etex -env pdflatex.ini
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+ rm -f pdfa.xmpi
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/f.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3f63d9e2ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/29-Invalid-unicode-ranges/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+\documentclass{scrartcl}
+\usepackage{newpxtext,newpxmath}
+\usepackage[a-2u]{pdfx}
+\begin{document}
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+Some greek characters seem to miss unicode mappings: $\mu$ % <- verification fails; comment out to succeed
+Works for others: $\Sigma$
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c09aaedb62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 910 2023-08-26 17:47:24Z karl $
+# Public domain. /CharSet not including composite base, for some fonts.
+
+texfot = texfot
+
+pln:
+ $(texfot) pdftex compositechars.tex
+ grep -a /CharSet compositechars.pdf
+
+plt:
+ $(texfot) pdflatex compositechars.tex
+ grep -a /CharSet compositechars.pdf
+
+llt:
+ $(texfot) lualatex compositechars.tex
+ grep -a /CharSet compositechars.pdf
+
+ltx:
+ $(texfot) latex compositechars.tex
+ dvitype compositechars.dvi >typ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/compositechars.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/compositechars.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e9a01b232cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/30-compositecharset/compositechars.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+% $Id: compositechars.tex 910 2023-08-26 17:47:24Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+
+\pdfoutput=1
+\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\hsize=6in \vsize=6in
+
+\pdfmapline{DejaVuSerif-tlf-t1--base DejaVuSerif %
+ " AutoEnc_6paffcekw62ffq4g6cgalfhbtd ReEncodeFont " %
+ <[dejavuserif_t1-type1.enc <DejaVuSerif.pfb}
+
+\output={\shipout\box255}
+%\font\x = DejaVuSerif-tlf-t1
+\font\x = DejaVuSerif-tlf-t1--base
+\x \char"E9 \end
+
+% https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb30-1/tb94thanh.pdf
+% ttf2afm -e texnansi.enc -o gentium-8y.afm GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf
+% afm2tfm gentium-8y.afm -T texnansi.enc
+% ->
+% !pdfTeX error: pdftex (file /u/texlive/karl/Master/texmf-dist/fonts/truetype/pu
+% blic/gentium-tug/GentiumPlus-Regular.ttf): unknown version of OS/2 table (0004)
+
+%% type 1 loads ok.
+%\documentclass{article}
+%\usepackage{gentium}
+%\begin{document}
+%\huge\bfseries Hello, World!
+%\end{document}
+
+%\pdfcompresslevel=0 \pdfobjecompresslevel=0
+\DocumentMetadata
+{
+ uncompress,
+ pdfstandard = a-3u,
+}
+\documentclass[letterpaper]{book}
+
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{dejavu}
+% pdf/a validates if fontenc is NOT loaded. (dejavu.sty does NOT load
+% fontenc internally)
+
+%\usepackage{lipsum}
+
+% This solves the problem that occurs when fontenc is loaded.
+%\pdfomitcharset = 1
+
+\begin{document}
+%\lipsum[1]
+
+\'{e} %\`{e}
+
+%? ?
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..040efc7faa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini f.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/f.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e96df95ba9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/31-CharSet-miss-composite-chars/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\footline={}
+
+\pdfmapline{DejaVuSerif-tlf-t1--base DejaVuSerif " AutoEnc_6paffcekw62ffq4g6cgalfhbtd ReEncodeFont " <[dejavuserif_t1-type1.enc <DejaVuSerif.pfb}
+
+\font\x = DejaVuSerif-tlf-t1--base
+\x \char"E9 \end
+
+\bye
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..59ea438e70b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 910 2023-08-26 17:47:24Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test-shipout:
+ $(prog) -etex ./type1-segfault.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10-corrupt.pfb b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10-corrupt.pfb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27d71803bd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10-corrupt.pfb
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10.tfm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10.tfm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6594c9c4a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/cmr10.tfm
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/type1-segfault.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/type1-segfault.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c23ade766ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/32-type1-segfault/type1-segfault.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+% $Id: type1-segfault.tex 910 2023-08-26 17:47:24Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+% Test parsing of invalid Type 1. Original report:
+% Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2023 14:54:10 +0800
+% From: Gregory James DUCK
+% To: <tex-live@tug.org>
+% https://tug.org/pipermail/tex-live/2023-August/049400.html
+
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\output={\global\advance\count0 by 1 \shipout\box255 }
+\pdfoutput=1 \hsize=4in \parfillskip=0pt plus1fil
+
+\pdfmapline{=cmr10 CMR10 <cmr10-corrupt.pfb}
+
+\font\x = ./cmr10 \x x
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..040efc7faa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini f.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/f.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/f.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..44a93baead7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/33-error-w-text-extraction-on-big-endian/f.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+% $Id: f.tex 919 2024-01-15 15:36:33Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+% https://tug.org/pipermail/pdftex/2023-October/009342.html
+\input plain.tex
+\input pdftexconfig.tex
+\input pdftexmagfix.tex
+
+\pdfcompresslevel=0
+\pdfobjcompresslevel=0
+\pdfgentounicode=1
+\input glyphtounicode
+abc
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..552af116664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# $Id: Makefile 919 2024-01-15 15:36:33Z karl $
+# Public domain.
+
+include ../Common.mak
+
+test:
+ $(pdftex2) -ini doc.tex
+
+clean:
+ $(clean)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/doc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/doc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..451b14a0063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/doc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+% $Id: doc.tex 919 2024-01-15 15:36:33Z karl $
+% Public domain.
+% https://bugs.ghostscript.com/show_bug.cgi?id=706940
+\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2
+\output={\shipout\box255}
+\pdfoutput=1
+\pdfminorversion=7
+\pdfximage{shadowbox.pdf}\pdfrefximage\pdflastximage
+\end
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/shadowbox.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/shadowbox.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bc9298bd167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/pdftex/tests/34-pdf-inclusion/shadowbox.pdf
Binary files differ