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% This is A4-9.DOC			  as of 10 Oct 89
%---------------------------------------------------------
% (c) 1989 by J.Schrod. copy conditions see below.

%
% Macro package for a non-arbitrary A4 page layout
% LaTeX style option
% MAKEPROG is needed
%

%
% DATE	   PERSON  REMARK
% 89-10-05 -js	   first version
%

% author's current address:
%
%	Detig$\,\cdot\,$Schrod \TeX{}sys
%	Joachim Schrod
%	Kranichweg 1
%
%	D-6074 R\"odermark-Urberach
%	FR Germany
%
%	Tel. (+6074) 1617
%	Bitnet: XITIJSCH@DDATHD21



% should be progtex...
\documentstyle[progltx,a4-9]{article}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% local macros
%

\let\mc=\ninrm	       % for names like GNU

\def\WEB{{\tt WEB\/}}
\def\DVI{{\tt DVI\/}}
\def\GNU{{\mc GNU}}

\chardef\bs=`\\

\def\fract#1/#2.{%	     % fraction a/b within text
   \leavevmode		     % borrowed from D. Knuth's manmac
   \kern .1em
   \raise .5ex \hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #1}%
   \kern -.1em/\kern -.15em
   \lower .25ex \hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #2}%
   }

%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%


\begin{document}


\title{
   A non-arbitrary A4 page layout\\
   The {\tt a4-9\/} style option
   }
\author{\sc Joachim Schrod}

\maketitle



\sect This macro file is the |a4-9| document style option for \LaTeX{}
that produces a {\it well designed\/} A4 page layout.  This style
option works with all standard \LaTeX{} styles and should work with
all other well written ones, too.  It should not be used with an
underlined headings page style (see below for an explanation).

But what does this mean: ``a {\it well designed\/} page layout''?
Mostly it means that the design is not chosen by accident but
within a {\it non-arbitrary process}. To my knowledge this theme
has first been covered by Jan Tschichold in his famous article of
1962: ``Willk\"urfreie Ma\ss{}verh\"altnisse der Buchseite und
des Satzspiegels'' (look for references at the end).  This style
option implements his design (I'm no designer\,\dots)

If you are interested in typography and you do not know anything of
Jan Tschichold, you should---he and Stanley Morrison were probably the
two most important typographers in this century.  He received as one
of very few Europeans the gold medal of the American Institute of
Graphic Arts, was a honorary member of the Double Crown Club, London,
and of the Soci\'et\'e typographique de France.  Furthermore he was
appointed as Honorary Royal Designer for Industry by the Royal Society
of Arts, London.  In 1965 he got the Gutenberg-Preis of the city
Leipzig (which celebrated its 800th~birthday in this year), the most
important typographic award in Europe.


\sect This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the \GNU{} General Public License as
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version~1, or (at your
option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
{\bf without any warranty\/}; without even the implied warranty of
{\bf merchantability\/} or {\bf fitness for a particular purpose}.  See
the \GNU{} General Public License for more details.

%You should have received a copy of the \GNU{} General Public License
%along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
If you have not received a copy of the \GNU{} General Public License
along with this program, write to the Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 675~Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA~02139, USA.


\sect This style option implements the partition by nine of the A4
page as explained by Tschichold.  The proportion for a two-sided
layout is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:layout} (the picture is not true to
scale due to the limited features of the \LaTeX{}-{\tt
picture\/}-environment).
%
\begin{figure}
\unitlength=.3mm
\begin{center}
\begin{picture}(420,315) % 420,297

% double page (dashed lines)
\multiput(0,0)(210,0){2}{\dashbox{5}(210,315){}} % 210,297

% help lines for construction (thin lines)
\put(  0,  0){\line( 4, 3){420}}
\put(  0,  0){\line( 2, 3){210}}
\put(  0,315){\line( 4,-3){420}}
\put(210,315){\line( 2,-3){210}}

\put(280,315){\line( 0,-1){105}}
\put(140,210){\line( 4, 3){140}}

% resulting pages (thick lines)
\thicklines
\multiput(46.66666,70)(186.66666,0){2}{\framebox(140,210){}} % 140,198

\end{picture}
\end{center}
\caption{Partition by nine of the A4 page according to Tschichold}
\label{fig:layout}
\end{figure}
%
The important fact is that the proportions of the type area and the
margins repeat the proportion of the whole page.  The above
construction yields margins with a ratio of $ \sqrt{2} : 1 : 2 :
2\sqrt{2} $, where 1 is the ninth of the page width, i.e.\ $\rm
23\fract 1/3. \,mm$. But we do not use this exact value because
the margin will be shortened by bookbinding or filing. We assume a
total need of 8\,mm for such purposes which results in 4\,mm for
each page. This 4\,mm will first be subtracted from the total
margin width of 70\,mm and the remaining 66\,mm will be divided
into one third for the inner margin and two third for the outer
margin. The resulting approximate values are therefore: 
%
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lr}
\multicolumn1{c}{\sc Dimension}& \multicolumn1{c}{\sc Value}\\[2pt]
page width& 210\,mm\\
width of type area& 140\,mm\\
inner margin& 26\,mm\\
outer margin& 44\,mm\\[1pt]
page height& 297\,mm\\
height of type area& 198\,mm\\
top margin& 33\,mm\\
bottom margin& 66\,mm\\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
%
The value for the inner margin consists of 4\,mm for binding and
filing purposes and 22\,mm ``real'' margin. Of course, all values
are measured from the paper edge. 

If the page layout is not for two-sided printing, it can be still
assumed that a margin of c\`a.~4\,mm will be needed for filing.
This remaining margin space of 66\,mm is distributed evenly on the
left and on the right side. Precisely spoken, we use 37\,mm for
the left margin ($\rm = 33\,mm + 4\,mm$) and 33\,mm for the right
margin. The resulting margins have a ratio of $1 : 1 : 1 :
2\sqrt{2}$. 


\sect The height of the type area needs a special remark: Usually this
height does neither include the headline nor the footline. But if the
headline is underlined the headline should be taken into
account---that's the reason why this style option cannot be used with
underlined headings.

The values in the above table are only approximations to the one
we will use in reality. An approximation because the height of the
type area must be a multiple of a line height, i.e.\ it must equal
$ (n-1)|\baselineskip| + |\topskip| $ where $n$ is the number of lines
on one page. If we have to choose we will prefer the longer type area.


\sect We assume a starting position of $\rm (2\,cm, 2\,cm)$, i.e., the
\DVI{} driver shall leave a top and a left margin of 2\,cm by his own. This is
different from the usual 1\,in margin---but the usual margin was made
for legal paper ($\rm 8\,in \times 11.5\,in$). I hope that this 
driver margin value---which was presented by Klaus Guntermann and 
me at the Euro\TeX88 conference in Exeter---will be accepted
by the \DVI{} driver standards commitee of TUG.

|\hoffset| and |\voffset| are set to 0\,mm, so that we can proceed on
the assumption of the above margin. If you use a driver which leaves a
margin of 1\,in you should use the changefile |a4-marg.chf|.

\beginprog
\hoffset=0mm
\voffset=0mm
\endprog


\sect To get the precise value of |\textheight| we first calculate the
number of lines which may be on the page in full. Then we add another
line and recalculate the value of |\textheight|.

\beginprog
\normalsize			 % this sets \baselineskip

\dimen@=198mm
\count@=\dimen@ 		 % value in sp
\advance \count@ by -\topskip	 % \topskip and \baselineskip will be
\divide \count@ by \baselineskip %	coerced to integer, value is in sp

\textheight=\count@\baselineskip % \count@ equals the number of lines - 1
\advance \textheight by \topskip
\endprog


\sect Because we have altered the original value of |\textheight|
(198\,mm) we must alter the value of the top margin, too.  It will be
just a third of the remaining place on the page.  Please note that the
place for the top margin consists of the four values driver
margin, |\topmargin|, |\headheight|, and |\headsep|. 

\beginprog
\topmargin=297mm
   \advance \topmargin by -\textheight % place for top and bottom margin
   \divide \topmargin by 3	       % place for top margin
   \advance \topmargin by -20mm	       % driver margin
   \advance \topmargin by -\headheight
   \advance \topmargin by -\headsep

\textwidth=140.1mm
\if@twoside
   \oddsidemargin=6mm		       % 26mm - 20mm (driver margin)
   \evensidemargin=24mm		       % 44mm - 20mm (driver margin)
   \marginparwidth=33mm		       % half of total vertical margin
\else
   \oddsidemargin=17mm		       % 37mm - 20mm (driver margin)
   \marginparwidth=22mm		       % third of total vertical margin
   \evensidemargin=\maxdimen	% usage should result in an error message
\fi
\endprog


\sect We finish the macro file so that garbage (e.g.\ of exchanges
between systems) can come afterwards.

\beginprog
\endinput
\endprog


%%%
\newpage
%%%

\sect It remains to give a few pointers to the article where the
design which was implemented here has been described:
%
\begin{itemize}

\item {\sc Jan Tschichold}: 
Willk\"urfreie Ma\ss{}verh\"altnisse der Buchseite und des Satzspiegels.
In {\it Typographische Monatsbl\"atter}.
February 1964.

\item {\sc Jan Tschichold}: 
Non-arbitrary proportions of page and type area.
In {\it Print in Britain}.
London: September 1963.

\item {\sc Jan Tschichold}: 
Proportions rationelles du format du livre et de la page imprim\'ee.
In {\it Revue suisse d'imprimerie}, 4.
St-Gall 1964.

\end{itemize}
%
The original paper is a private edition which can not be bought, it
was published in 1962. It appeared in seven different publications
in german language, three times in french, two times in dutch.
Besides being translated to english, it was translated to danish, 
norwegian, finn, italian, and hungarian.



\end{document}