% This is A4-9.DOC as of 10 Oct 89 %--------------------------------------------------------- % (c) 1989 by J.Schrod. copy conditions see below. % % Macro package for a non-arbitrary A4 page layout % LaTeX style option % MAKEPROG is needed % % % DATE PERSON REMARK % 89-10-05 -js first version % % author's current address: % % Detig$\,\cdot\,$Schrod \TeX{}sys % Joachim Schrod % Kranichweg 1 % % D-6074 R\"odermark-Urberach % FR Germany % % Tel. (+6074) 1617 % Bitnet: XITIJSCH@DDATHD21 % should be progtex... \documentstyle[progltx,a4-9]{article} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % local macros % \let\mc=\ninrm % for names like GNU \def\WEB{{\tt WEB\/}} \def\DVI{{\tt DVI\/}} \def\GNU{{\mc GNU}} \chardef\bs=`\\ \def\fract#1/#2.{% % fraction a/b within text \leavevmode % borrowed from D. Knuth's manmac \kern .1em \raise .5ex \hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #1}% \kern -.1em/\kern -.15em \lower .25ex \hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #2}% } % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \begin{document} \title{ A non-arbitrary A4 page layout\\ The {\tt a4-9\/} style option } \author{\sc Joachim Schrod} \maketitle \sect This macro file is the |a4-9| document style option for \LaTeX{} that produces a {\it well designed\/} A4 page layout. This style option works with all standard \LaTeX{} styles and should work with all other well written ones, too. It should not be used with an underlined headings page style (see below for an explanation). But what does this mean: ``a {\it well designed\/} page layout''? Mostly it means that the design is not chosen by accident but within a {\it non-arbitrary process}. To my knowledge this theme has first been covered by Jan Tschichold in his famous article of 1962: ``Willk\"urfreie Ma\ss{}verh\"altnisse der Buchseite und des Satzspiegels'' (look for references at the end). This style option implements his design (I'm no designer\,\dots) If you are interested in typography and you do not know anything of Jan Tschichold, you should---he and Stanley Morrison were probably the two most important typographers in this century. He received as one of very few Europeans the gold medal of the American Institute of Graphic Arts, was a honorary member of the Double Crown Club, London, and of the Soci\'et\'e typographique de France. Furthermore he was appointed as Honorary Royal Designer for Industry by the Royal Society of Arts, London. In 1965 he got the Gutenberg-Preis of the city Leipzig (which celebrated its 800th~birthday in this year), the most important typographic award in Europe. \sect This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the \GNU{} General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version~1, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but {\bf without any warranty\/}; without even the implied warranty of {\bf merchantability\/} or {\bf fitness for a particular purpose}. See the \GNU{} General Public License for more details. %You should have received a copy of the \GNU{} General Public License %along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, If you have not received a copy of the \GNU{} General Public License along with this program, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675~Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA~02139, USA. \sect This style option implements the partition by nine of the A4 page as explained by Tschichold. The proportion for a two-sided layout is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:layout} (the picture is not true to scale due to the limited features of the \LaTeX{}-{\tt picture\/}-environment). % \begin{figure} \unitlength=.3mm \begin{center} \begin{picture}(420,315) % 420,297 % double page (dashed lines) \multiput(0,0)(210,0){2}{\dashbox{5}(210,315){}} % 210,297 % help lines for construction (thin lines) \put( 0, 0){\line( 4, 3){420}} \put( 0, 0){\line( 2, 3){210}} \put( 0,315){\line( 4,-3){420}} \put(210,315){\line( 2,-3){210}} \put(280,315){\line( 0,-1){105}} \put(140,210){\line( 4, 3){140}} % resulting pages (thick lines) \thicklines \multiput(46.66666,70)(186.66666,0){2}{\framebox(140,210){}} % 140,198 \end{picture} \end{center} \caption{Partition by nine of the A4 page according to Tschichold} \label{fig:layout} \end{figure} % The important fact is that the proportions of the type area and the margins repeat the proportion of the whole page. The above construction yields margins with a ratio of $ \sqrt{2} : 1 : 2 : 2\sqrt{2} $, where 1 is the ninth of the page width, i.e.\ $\rm 23\fract 1/3. \,mm$. But we do not use this exact value because the margin will be shortened by bookbinding or filing. We assume a total need of 8\,mm for such purposes which results in 4\,mm for each page. This 4\,mm will first be subtracted from the total margin width of 70\,mm and the remaining 66\,mm will be divided into one third for the inner margin and two third for the outer margin. The resulting approximate values are therefore: % \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{lr} \multicolumn1{c}{\sc Dimension}& \multicolumn1{c}{\sc Value}\\[2pt] page width& 210\,mm\\ width of type area& 140\,mm\\ inner margin& 26\,mm\\ outer margin& 44\,mm\\[1pt] page height& 297\,mm\\ height of type area& 198\,mm\\ top margin& 33\,mm\\ bottom margin& 66\,mm\\ \end{tabular} \end{center} % The value for the inner margin consists of 4\,mm for binding and filing purposes and 22\,mm ``real'' margin. Of course, all values are measured from the paper edge. If the page layout is not for two-sided printing, it can be still assumed that a margin of c\`a.~4\,mm will be needed for filing. This remaining margin space of 66\,mm is distributed evenly on the left and on the right side. Precisely spoken, we use 37\,mm for the left margin ($\rm = 33\,mm + 4\,mm$) and 33\,mm for the right margin. The resulting margins have a ratio of $1 : 1 : 1 : 2\sqrt{2}$. \sect The height of the type area needs a special remark: Usually this height does neither include the headline nor the footline. But if the headline is underlined the headline should be taken into account---that's the reason why this style option cannot be used with underlined headings. The values in the above table are only approximations to the one we will use in reality. An approximation because the height of the type area must be a multiple of a line height, i.e.\ it must equal $ (n-1)|\baselineskip| + |\topskip| $ where $n$ is the number of lines on one page. If we have to choose we will prefer the longer type area. \sect We assume a starting position of $\rm (2\,cm, 2\,cm)$, i.e., the \DVI{} driver shall leave a top and a left margin of 2\,cm by his own. This is different from the usual 1\,in margin---but the usual margin was made for legal paper ($\rm 8\,in \times 11.5\,in$). I hope that this driver margin value---which was presented by Klaus Guntermann and me at the Euro\TeX88 conference in Exeter---will be accepted by the \DVI{} driver standards commitee of TUG. |\hoffset| and |\voffset| are set to 0\,mm, so that we can proceed on the assumption of the above margin. If you use a driver which leaves a margin of 1\,in you should use the changefile |a4-marg.chf|. \beginprog \hoffset=0mm \voffset=0mm \endprog \sect To get the precise value of |\textheight| we first calculate the number of lines which may be on the page in full. Then we add another line and recalculate the value of |\textheight|. \beginprog \normalsize % this sets \baselineskip \dimen@=198mm \count@=\dimen@ % value in sp \advance \count@ by -\topskip % \topskip and \baselineskip will be \divide \count@ by \baselineskip % coerced to integer, value is in sp \textheight=\count@\baselineskip % \count@ equals the number of lines - 1 \advance \textheight by \topskip \endprog \sect Because we have altered the original value of |\textheight| (198\,mm) we must alter the value of the top margin, too. It will be just a third of the remaining place on the page. Please note that the place for the top margin consists of the four values driver margin, |\topmargin|, |\headheight|, and |\headsep|. \beginprog \topmargin=297mm \advance \topmargin by -\textheight % place for top and bottom margin \divide \topmargin by 3 % place for top margin \advance \topmargin by -20mm % driver margin \advance \topmargin by -\headheight \advance \topmargin by -\headsep \textwidth=140.1mm \if@twoside \oddsidemargin=6mm % 26mm - 20mm (driver margin) \evensidemargin=24mm % 44mm - 20mm (driver margin) \marginparwidth=33mm % half of total vertical margin \else \oddsidemargin=17mm % 37mm - 20mm (driver margin) \marginparwidth=22mm % third of total vertical margin \evensidemargin=\maxdimen % usage should result in an error message \fi \endprog \sect We finish the macro file so that garbage (e.g.\ of exchanges between systems) can come afterwards. \beginprog \endinput \endprog %%% \newpage %%% \sect It remains to give a few pointers to the article where the design which was implemented here has been described: % \begin{itemize} \item {\sc Jan Tschichold}: Willk\"urfreie Ma\ss{}verh\"altnisse der Buchseite und des Satzspiegels. In {\it Typographische Monatsbl\"atter}. February 1964. \item {\sc Jan Tschichold}: Non-arbitrary proportions of page and type area. In {\it Print in Britain}. London: September 1963. \item {\sc Jan Tschichold}: Proportions rationelles du format du livre et de la page imprim\'ee. In {\it Revue suisse d'imprimerie}, 4. St-Gall 1964. \end{itemize} % The original paper is a private edition which can not be bought, it was published in 1962. It appeared in seven different publications in german language, three times in french, two times in dutch. Besides being translated to english, it was translated to danish, norwegian, finn, italian, and hungarian. \end{document}