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diff --git a/info/digests/tex-mag/v5.n2 b/info/digests/tex-mag/v5.n2 new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..57c02572f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/info/digests/tex-mag/v5.n2 @@ -0,0 +1,477 @@ + + =====//===== \\ // ____ + // \\ // |\ /| // + // //====== \V/ ||\ //| \\ + // // // \\ || \// | /\ \\ ===\ + // //==== // \\ || | // \ \\ | + // // // \\ || | //===\ \\___/ + //======= // \ + + + Volume 5 Number 2 + + A Mostly Unofficial Publication for + Users of the TeX Typesetting System + + + + + + + + +Contents + +Departments + \footnote{}........................................................2 + Letter to the Editor...............................................3 + ToolBox............................................................4 +Articles + Accented Characters with DEC Character Set.........................5 + \news{TeX Primer}..................................................6 + + + + + + + + + + + + +TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 2 page 2 +_______________________________________________________________________________ +| | +| \footnote{Reader Support, Surprises} | +|_____________________________________________________________________________| + +I must thank the readers for this issue! Indeed, article submissions +were flowing with regularity (at least compared with previous issues)! +Thanks to all of you for your help! + +My fellow TeXMaG'ers are in the process of dreaming up a revolutionary +scheme for TeXMaG. From the beginning, there has been an ongoing +debate as to whether TeXMaG should be in TeX or left as a text file. +Many say they enjoy the online reading (and the paper costs money), +while others would rather have it TeXed all nice and neat on their +desks! Well we are commencing with a plan that should make both parties +happy, namely, a macro which will interpret TeXMaG almost exactly as +you see it each month, yet TeXable with the appropriate TEXMAG.TEX +macro for even more aesthetically pleasing results!! + +Stay tuned for this next month... + +-neil + + + + + + + + + +TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 2 page 3 +_______________________________________________________________________________ +| | +| Letter to the Editor | +|_____________________________________________________________________________| + + +We haven't had a cumulative index of TeXmag contents since V3N1. +Couldn't this be made an annual event? + +Chris Thompson +JANET: cet1@uk.ac.cam.phx +Internet: cet1%phx.cam.ac.uk@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk + +[Hmmm...yes...I'd forgotten about that. Look for it soon, maybe as +an issue all to itself. The filenaming scheme should be TEXMAG.VvNn +for a normal issue and perhaps TEXMAG.VvIDX for an index of that +volume. -ed] + + + + + + + + + +TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 2 page 4 +_______________________________________________________________________________ +| | +| The ToolBox | +|_____________________________________________________________________________| + +by Raymond Chen + +I was challenged to write a macro which, given a number, produces the +translation of the number into English, suitable for writing checks. +For example, + + \inwords{163} dollars and \inwords{84} cents + +should print out the phrase you will see on a check from DEK if you find +a bug in TeX. + +Of course, the underlying algorithm is closely tied to the English +language. For most languages, the only necessary changes will be +to the macros which print numbers less than 100. (And, of course, +changing the words `thousand', `million' and `billion' as appropriate.) + +[I REALLY like this one! The only deficiency, as I see it, is if +\inwords is used at the beginning of a sentence. Could we have a +\capinwords to capitalize the first letter of the result? -ed.] + +% inwords.tex -- convert a number into words (in English) +% +% Usage: \inwords{...} +% +% where ... is the number to be converted. +% +% Example: +% +% The number \inwords{314159265} is very large. +% +% produces +% +% The number three hundred fourteen million one hundred fifty-nine +% thousand two hundred sixty-five is very large. +% +% +% Bugs: Some versions of TeX (produced by web2c) erroneously claim that +% \count0=2 +% \multiply\count0 by 1000000000 +% generates an overflow error. It shouldn't; the result is still +% within the range of a count variable. Hence, the \inwords +% macro may generate overflow errors if you try to print out +% numbers greater than or equal to 2 billion. +% +\catcode`\@=11 + +\def\undertwenty#1{\ifcase#1\or one\or two\or three\or four\or five\or + six\or seven\or eight\or nine\or ten\or eleven\or twelve\or thirteen\or + fourteen\or fifteen\or sixteen\or seventeen\or eighteen\or nineteen\fi} + +% The careful sidestepping involved in \count@=#1 \allocationnumber=\count@ +% is to make sure the right thing happens, even if #1=\count@ or +% #1=\allocationnumber. +% +% We use \allocationnumber as a scratch count variable. It and \count@ +% are always used inside a group, so their original values will be +% restored when the macros finish their job. + +\def\underhundred#1{\ifnum#1<20 \undertwenty{#1}\else + {\count@#1\relax \allocationnumber\count@ \divide\count@ 10 + \ifcase\count@ \or\or twenty\or thirty\or forty\or fifty\or sixty\or + seventy\or eighty\or ninety\fi + \multiply\count@ 10 + \advance\allocationnumber by-\count@ + \ifnum\allocationnumber>\z@ -\undertwenty\allocationnumber\fi + }\fi} + +\def\numbersplit#1#2#3#4#5{% + \ifnum#5<#1 #2{#5}\else + {\count@#5\relax \allocationnumber\count@ \divide\count@ #1\relax + #3\count@#4\multiply\count@ #1\relax + \advance\allocationnumber-\count@ #2\allocationnumber + }\fi} + +\def\underthousand{\numbersplit{100}\underhundred\undertwenty{ hundred }} +\def\undermillion{\numbersplit\@m\underthousand\underthousand{ thousand }} +\def\underbillion{\numbersplit{1000000}\undermillion\underthousand{ million }} +\def\inwords{\numbersplit{1000000000}\underbillion\underthousand{ billion }} + +\catcode`\@=12 + +% End of inwords.tex + + + + + + + + + +TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 2 page 5 +_______________________________________________________________________________ +| | +| Accented Character Support with TeX 3.0 | +|_____________________________________________________________________________| + +by Andreu Pacheco + +Profitting from the new features of TeX 3.0, we describe here how to +use machine-dependent character sets (DEC, IBM,...) in TeX or LaTeX +documents. Donald Knuth originally designed TeX to use only 7-bit +character text, which, among other things, prevents many non-english +users from being able, while editing, to see the document in a more +familiar way. + + There is not a standard 8-bit character set used in the computer +industry yet, and documents using those characters are, in principle, +difficult to interchange between different computers. TeX provides an +alternative possibility by combining different characters, i.e. \'a, +\"e, \~o, ... using only the standard ASCII set. This suffices, but +documents with many accented characters are annoying to type +and work with. A first solution is to write a simple program to +convert accented characters to the appropriate equivalent in TeX +(which can be useful if we want to send the document to some other +computer system using e-mail), but now with TeX 3.0 we can write +directly accented letters in our documents with no intermediate +conversion. + + + At our site we have defined the full DEC Multinational Character set +in this way. We append to this note the TeX macro to support this +character set, perhaps the 8-bit codes are lost, but it would be easy +to rewrite them once in the local computer editor. This procedure +could be applied to any other vendor's character set. + + +[Editor's note: I have withheld the listing of the macro as I was +afraid of what it might do over the networks to all the different +sorts I'm sending this publication. Therefore, I would request that +if you are interested in seeing this code (and I strongly recommend +that those of you using DEC's Multinational Character set check +into this) send inquries directly to the author at: + + Andreu Pacheco / User Support + Computer Center + Universitat Aut%noma de Barcelona + 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) SPAIN + CCAPP@EBCCUAB1 (EARN/Bitnet) + CCAPP@CCUAB.UAB.ES (Internet style) + +thanks! -ed.] + + + + + + + + + +TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 2 page 6 +_______________________________________________________________________________ +| | +| \news{Announcing: TeX Primer Available} | +|_____________________________________________________________________________| + +by Joe St Sauver + +I have prepared a little introduction to using (plain) TeX and DVIPS +that has been well received by our users here at the University of +Oregon. It basically endeavors to provide a more approachable +introduction to TeX than is available from some of the other more +rigorous books (such as TeX for the Impatient and Knuth's own +TeXbook)... While it is couched in the context of using TeX on the VAX +under VMS, the majority of the document should still be of some value +to beginning non-VMS users of TeX. + +You all are welcome to a copy of it, if you want one, at no charge. +Feel free to modify it to suit your local circumstances and to +reproduce it at will, just please don't sell it for profit. (I would +also appreciate some acknowledgment of authorship in any verbatim or +substantially derivative copies.) + +To help you decide whether or not you want to get a copy of it, the +writeup's table of contents is reproduced below: + + +PREFACE + +CONTENTS + +I. INTRODUCTION + What is TeX? + Why Should I Bother to Learn to Use TeX? + What Can I Expect of the Rest of This Write-Up? + +II. ENTERING TEXT (OTHER THAN TABLES AND EQUATIONS) IN TeX + Text Which is Entered Normally in TeX + Special Characters in TeX + Structuring The Text You Enter; Making Paragraphs + Comments + Font Size + Font Style + Underlining + Line Spacing (Double-Spacing, Skipping a Single Line, etc.) + Block Quotations + Centering Text (For Headings, etc.) + Footnotes + Headers and Page Numbers + Page Size; Margins + Leaving Space for Insertions; Forcing Page Breaks + Ending Your TeX Document + +III. TYPESETTING TABULAR MATERIAL + Using Tabs + Typesetting Formal Ruled Tables + Beginning to Decode the Table-Building Commands + Table Template + Table Headings + Table Body + +IV. TYPESETTING EQUATIONS + Typesetting Equations is Different From Typesetting Text + Embedded vs. Displayed Equations + Numbering Equations + Aligning and Numbering Multiple Equations + Some Basic Information about Entering Equations + Greek Letters + Script Letters + Common Mathematical Operators + Symbols for Logic and the Algebra of Sets + Subscripts, Superscripts, and Combinations Thereof + Math Accents + Roman Font Mathematical ``Words'' + Limits + Radicals: Square Roots, Cube Roots, etc. + Making Large Fractions + Making Large Grouping Operators + Combination Notation + Matrices + Case Structure + Summations + Integrals + Definitions + +V. TeX ON THE OREGON VAX 8800 + The TeX Execution Cycle + Building Your TeX Document Using An Editor + Defining TeX + Running TeX + Decoding TeX Errors + The Most Common TeX Errors + Converting Your .DVI File Into PostScript + DVIPS Features + Printing PostScript Output on the VAX's Xerox 4045/160 + +VI. CONCLUSION + Where From Here? + What If I Get Stuck? + +INDEX + +APPENDICIES: + A: Complete Sample Text-Oriented TeX Document + B: Complete Sample Technical TeX Document + C: Sample University of Oregon Thesis Pages from the ``Grey Book'' + D: Some Sample Pages From a Survey Typeset in TeX + E: Sample Resume Typeset in Plain TeX + F: Sample TeX Landscape-Mode Overhead Made Using PostScript Fonts + G: Demonstration of the Incorporation of PostScript Graphics + + +Note that it doesn't cover previewing, use of LaTeX or any of the +various third-party TeX packages; it is strictly plain vanilla TeX and +DVIPS all the way. + +The source files for "Using TeX on the VAX to Typeset Documents: A +Primer" live on DECOY.CC.UOREGON.EDU (128.223.32.19). Connect to it +via FTP, login as username anonymous, with your e-mail address for the +password. + +If you are going to build this primer on a VAX running VMS, just mget +all the files, edit MAKE_PRIMER.COM as required to suit your local +circumstances, and say @MAKE_PRIMER to generate a copy of it. + +If you are running TeX on a UNIX system, or on a PC or a Mac (or +whatever), take a look at MAKE_PRIMER.COM to see the steps involved in +making the document. There isn't anything happening that you couldn't +do "the hard way," i.e., manually, if that's your only option. + +Note that you will need to have TeX and DVIPS to be able to produce a +copy of my writeup. If you use some other DVI-to-whatever converter, +some of the appendicies that exploit \specials unique to DVIPS +probably won't work, but everything else should be okay. + +You'll need about 1800 VAX/VMS (512 byte) disk blocks for the raw +files; if space is tight you can omit Appendix G and the accompanying +PostScript files included as a demonstration of using \special's to +include PostScript graphics files. (DISSPLA2.PS, for example, accounts +for 637 blocks all by itself.) + +After processing, you'll probably find that you've used up about 5500 +blocks. + +Anyhow, that's about it. If you enjoy my little primer and find it +useful, let me know. If you catch any errors, please also let me know +about that... + +Joe St Sauver +Statistical Programmer and Consultant +University of Oregon Computing Center +joe@oregon.uoregon.edu or joe@oregon + + + + + + + + + + + +______________________________________________________________________ +TeXMaG is an electronic magazine available free of charge to all +interested parties reachable by electronic mail. It is published +monthly. Letters to the editor may be sent to NABTEXM@TAMVENUS +(BITNet) or NABTEXM@VENUS.TAMU.EDU (Internet) and may be published in +a future issue. + + Publisher: Academic Computing Services of + Texas A&M University + + Managing Editor: Neil Burleson + TeX Consultant: Robert Nilsson + Copy Editor: Neil Burleson (this issue) + + Chief Consultant: John McClain, Ph.D + + SUBSCRIPTIONS: + CDNnet: Send a note to <list-request@relay.cdnnet.ca> asking to receive + TeXMaG. + JANET: Send a note to Peter Abbott, <Abbottp@Uk.Ac.Aston> asking to + receive TeXMaG. + All others: Send the following command as an interactive message + (Bitnet) or as a single-line mail message to LISTSERV@UICVM + or LISTSERV@UICVM.UIC.EDU: + SUBS TEXMAG-L Your_Full_Name. + If you have difficulty doing this, send a note to Neil Burleson + <NABTEXM@VENUS.TAMU.EDU>. + + SUBMISSIONS: + Please send submissions to <TEXMAG-L@UICVM.UIC.EDU> or + <TEXMAG-L@UICVM>; they will automatically be forwarded to the + editor. + + BACK ISSUES: + Back issues may be FTP'd from YMIR.CLAREMONT.EDU from the directory + [ANONYMOUS.TEX.PERIODICALS.TEXMAG] + + Back issues may also be FTP'd from SUN.SOE.CLARKSON.EDU from the + directory pub/texmag. Users without FTP access may request back + issues from the Clarkson repository by sending a mail message + to <archive-server@sun.soe.clarkson.edu> with the form + path A_MAIL_PATH_FROM_CLARKSON_TO_YOU + get texmag texmag.V.NN + where V is the volume number and NN is the issue number. Including + a line "index texmag" in the message will return a list of back + issues available. + + Janet users may obtain back issues from the Aston archive. + Those who are on SPAN can get in touch with Max Calvani at + 39003::CALVANI for infos about SPAN archive. + +\bye bye! +% End of TeXMaG +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + |