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+                   //          \\ //   |\    /|     //
+                  //  //======  \V/    ||\  //|     \\
+                 //  //        // \\   || \// |   /\ \\  ===\
+                //  //====    //   \\  ||     |  // \ \\     |
+               //  //        //     \\ ||     | //===\ \\___/
+                  //=======                    //     \
+ 
+ 
+   Volume 5                                                        Number 2
+ 
+                     A Mostly Unofficial Publication for
+                     Users of the TeX Typesetting System
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+Contents
+ 
+Departments
+  \footnote{}........................................................2
+  Letter to the Editor...............................................3
+  ToolBox............................................................4
+Articles
+  Accented Characters with DEC Character Set.........................5
+  \news{TeX Primer}..................................................6
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 2                                        page 2
+_______________________________________________________________________________
+|                                                                             |
+|                    \footnote{Reader Support, Surprises}                     |
+|_____________________________________________________________________________|
+ 
+I must thank the readers for this issue! Indeed, article submissions
+were flowing with regularity (at least compared with previous issues)!
+Thanks to all of you for your help!
+ 
+My fellow TeXMaG'ers are in the process of dreaming up a revolutionary
+scheme for TeXMaG. From the beginning, there has been an ongoing
+debate as to whether TeXMaG should be in TeX or left as a text file.
+Many say they enjoy the online reading (and the paper costs money),
+while others would rather have it TeXed all nice and neat on their
+desks! Well we are commencing with a plan that should make both parties
+happy, namely, a macro which will interpret TeXMaG almost exactly as
+you see it each month, yet TeXable with the appropriate TEXMAG.TEX
+macro for even more aesthetically pleasing results!!
+ 
+Stay tuned for this next month...
+ 
+-neil
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 2                                        page 3
+_______________________________________________________________________________
+|                                                                             |
+|                            Letter to the Editor                             |
+|_____________________________________________________________________________|
+ 
+ 
+We haven't had a cumulative index of TeXmag contents since V3N1.
+Couldn't this be made an annual event?
+ 
+Chris Thompson
+JANET:    cet1@uk.ac.cam.phx
+Internet: cet1%phx.cam.ac.uk@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk
+ 
+[Hmmm...yes...I'd forgotten about that. Look for it soon, maybe as
+an issue all to itself. The filenaming scheme should be TEXMAG.VvNn
+for a normal issue and perhaps TEXMAG.VvIDX for an index of that
+volume. -ed]
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 2                                        page 4
+_______________________________________________________________________________
+|                                                                             |
+|                               The ToolBox                                   |
+|_____________________________________________________________________________|
+ 
+by Raymond Chen
+ 
+I was challenged to write a macro which, given a number, produces the
+translation of the number into English, suitable for writing checks.
+For example,
+ 
+   \inwords{163} dollars and \inwords{84} cents
+ 
+should print out the phrase you will see on a check from DEK if you find
+a bug in TeX.
+ 
+Of course, the underlying algorithm is closely tied to the English
+language.  For most languages, the only necessary changes will be
+to the macros which print numbers less than 100.  (And, of course,
+changing the words `thousand', `million' and `billion' as appropriate.)
+ 
+[I REALLY like this one! The only deficiency, as I see it, is if
+\inwords is used at the beginning of a sentence. Could we have a
+\capinwords to capitalize the first letter of the result?  -ed.]
+ 
+% inwords.tex -- convert a number into words (in English)
+%
+% Usage:  \inwords{...}
+%
+%   where ... is the number to be converted.
+%
+% Example:
+%
+%  The number \inwords{314159265} is very large.
+%
+% produces
+%
+%  The number three hundred fourteen million one hundred fifty-nine
+%  thousand two hundred sixty-five is very large.
+%
+%
+% Bugs:  Some versions of TeX (produced by web2c) erroneously claim that
+%            \count0=2
+%            \multiply\count0 by 1000000000
+%        generates an overflow error.  It shouldn't; the result is still
+%        within the range of a count variable.  Hence, the \inwords
+%        macro may generate overflow errors if you try to print out
+%        numbers greater than or equal to 2 billion.
+%
+\catcode`\@=11
+ 
+\def\undertwenty#1{\ifcase#1\or one\or two\or three\or four\or five\or
+    six\or seven\or eight\or nine\or ten\or eleven\or twelve\or thirteen\or
+    fourteen\or fifteen\or sixteen\or seventeen\or eighteen\or nineteen\fi}
+ 
+% The careful sidestepping involved in \count@=#1 \allocationnumber=\count@
+% is to make sure the right thing happens, even if #1=\count@ or
+% #1=\allocationnumber.
+%
+% We use \allocationnumber as a scratch count variable.  It and \count@
+% are always used inside a group, so their original values will be
+% restored when the macros finish their job.
+ 
+\def\underhundred#1{\ifnum#1<20 \undertwenty{#1}\else
+  {\count@#1\relax \allocationnumber\count@ \divide\count@ 10
+   \ifcase\count@ \or\or twenty\or thirty\or forty\or fifty\or sixty\or
+           seventy\or eighty\or ninety\fi
+   \multiply\count@ 10
+   \advance\allocationnumber by-\count@
+   \ifnum\allocationnumber>\z@ -\undertwenty\allocationnumber\fi
+  }\fi}
+ 
+\def\numbersplit#1#2#3#4#5{%
+  \ifnum#5<#1 #2{#5}\else
+  {\count@#5\relax \allocationnumber\count@ \divide\count@ #1\relax
+   #3\count@#4\multiply\count@ #1\relax
+   \advance\allocationnumber-\count@ #2\allocationnumber
+  }\fi}
+ 
+\def\underthousand{\numbersplit{100}\underhundred\undertwenty{ hundred }}
+\def\undermillion{\numbersplit\@m\underthousand\underthousand{ thousand }}
+\def\underbillion{\numbersplit{1000000}\undermillion\underthousand{ million }}
+\def\inwords{\numbersplit{1000000000}\underbillion\underthousand{ billion }}
+ 
+\catcode`\@=12
+ 
+% End of inwords.tex
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 2                                        page 5
+_______________________________________________________________________________
+|                                                                             |
+|                    Accented Character Support with TeX 3.0                  |
+|_____________________________________________________________________________|
+ 
+by  Andreu Pacheco
+ 
+Profitting from the new features of TeX 3.0, we describe here how to
+use machine-dependent character sets (DEC, IBM,...) in TeX or LaTeX
+documents. Donald Knuth originally designed TeX to use only 7-bit
+character text, which, among other things, prevents many non-english
+users from being able, while editing, to see the document in a more
+familiar way.
+ 
+    There is not a standard 8-bit character set used in the computer
+industry yet, and documents using those characters are, in principle,
+difficult to interchange between different computers. TeX provides an
+alternative possibility by combining different characters, i.e. \'a,
+\"e, \~o, ... using only the standard ASCII set. This suffices, but
+documents with many accented characters are annoying to type
+and work with. A first solution is to write a simple program to
+convert accented characters to the appropriate equivalent in TeX
+(which can be useful if we want to send the document to some other
+computer system using e-mail), but now with TeX 3.0 we can write
+directly accented letters in our documents with no intermediate
+conversion.
+ 
+ 
+  At our site we have defined the full DEC Multinational Character set
+in this way. We append to this note the TeX macro to support this
+character set, perhaps the 8-bit codes are lost, but it would be easy
+to rewrite them once in the local computer editor. This procedure
+could be applied to any other vendor's character set.
+ 
+ 
+[Editor's note: I have withheld the listing of the macro as I was
+afraid of what it might do over the networks to all the different
+sorts I'm sending this publication. Therefore, I would request that
+if you are interested in seeing this code (and I strongly recommend
+that those of you using DEC's Multinational Character set check
+into this) send inquries directly to the author at:
+ 
+                   Andreu Pacheco / User Support
+                   Computer Center
+                   Universitat Aut%noma de Barcelona
+                   08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) SPAIN
+                   CCAPP@EBCCUAB1     (EARN/Bitnet)
+                   CCAPP@CCUAB.UAB.ES (Internet style)
+ 
+thanks! -ed.]
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+TeXMaG Volume 5 Number 2                                        page 6
+_______________________________________________________________________________
+|                                                                             |
+|                   \news{Announcing: TeX Primer Available}                   |
+|_____________________________________________________________________________|
+ 
+by Joe St Sauver
+ 
+I have prepared a little introduction to using (plain) TeX and DVIPS
+that has been well received by our users here at the University of
+Oregon. It basically endeavors to provide a more approachable
+introduction to TeX than is available from some of the other more
+rigorous books (such as TeX for the Impatient and Knuth's own
+TeXbook)... While it is couched in the context of using TeX on the VAX
+under VMS, the majority of the document should still be of some value
+to beginning non-VMS users of TeX.
+ 
+You all are welcome to a copy of it, if you want one, at no charge.
+Feel free to modify it to suit your local circumstances and to
+reproduce it at will, just please don't sell it for profit. (I would
+also appreciate some acknowledgment of authorship in any verbatim or
+substantially derivative copies.)
+ 
+To help you decide whether or not you want to get a copy of it, the
+writeup's table of contents is reproduced below:
+ 
+ 
+PREFACE
+ 
+CONTENTS
+ 
+I. INTRODUCTION
+  What is TeX?
+  Why Should I Bother to Learn to Use TeX?
+  What Can I Expect of the Rest of This Write-Up?
+ 
+II. ENTERING TEXT (OTHER THAN TABLES AND EQUATIONS) IN TeX
+  Text Which is Entered Normally in TeX
+  Special Characters in TeX
+  Structuring The Text You Enter; Making Paragraphs
+  Comments
+  Font Size
+  Font Style
+  Underlining
+  Line Spacing (Double-Spacing, Skipping a Single Line, etc.)
+  Block Quotations
+  Centering Text (For Headings, etc.)
+  Footnotes
+  Headers and Page Numbers
+  Page Size; Margins
+  Leaving Space for Insertions; Forcing Page Breaks
+  Ending Your TeX Document
+ 
+III. TYPESETTING TABULAR MATERIAL
+  Using Tabs
+  Typesetting Formal Ruled Tables
+  Beginning to Decode the Table-Building Commands
+  Table Template
+  Table Headings
+  Table Body
+ 
+IV. TYPESETTING EQUATIONS
+  Typesetting Equations is Different From Typesetting Text
+  Embedded vs. Displayed Equations
+  Numbering Equations
+  Aligning and Numbering Multiple Equations
+  Some Basic Information about Entering Equations
+  Greek Letters
+  Script Letters
+  Common Mathematical Operators
+  Symbols for Logic and the Algebra of Sets
+  Subscripts, Superscripts, and Combinations Thereof
+  Math Accents
+  Roman Font Mathematical ``Words''
+  Limits
+  Radicals: Square Roots, Cube Roots, etc.
+  Making Large Fractions
+  Making Large Grouping Operators
+  Combination Notation
+  Matrices
+  Case Structure
+  Summations
+  Integrals
+  Definitions
+ 
+V. TeX ON THE OREGON VAX 8800
+  The TeX Execution Cycle
+  Building Your TeX Document Using An Editor
+  Defining TeX
+  Running TeX
+  Decoding TeX Errors
+  The Most Common TeX Errors
+  Converting Your .DVI File Into PostScript
+  DVIPS Features
+  Printing PostScript Output on the VAX's Xerox 4045/160
+ 
+VI. CONCLUSION
+  Where From Here?
+  What If I Get Stuck?
+ 
+INDEX
+ 
+APPENDICIES:
+  A: Complete Sample Text-Oriented TeX Document
+  B: Complete Sample Technical TeX Document
+  C: Sample University of Oregon Thesis Pages from the ``Grey Book''
+  D: Some Sample Pages From a Survey Typeset in TeX
+  E: Sample Resume Typeset in Plain TeX
+  F: Sample TeX Landscape-Mode Overhead Made Using PostScript Fonts
+  G: Demonstration of the Incorporation of PostScript Graphics
+ 
+ 
+Note that it doesn't cover previewing, use of LaTeX or any of the
+various third-party TeX packages; it is strictly plain vanilla TeX and
+DVIPS all the way.
+ 
+The source files for "Using TeX on the VAX to Typeset Documents: A
+Primer" live on DECOY.CC.UOREGON.EDU (128.223.32.19). Connect to it
+via FTP, login as username anonymous, with your e-mail address for the
+password.
+ 
+If you are going to build this primer on a VAX running VMS, just mget
+all the files, edit MAKE_PRIMER.COM as required to suit your local
+circumstances, and say @MAKE_PRIMER to generate a copy of it.
+ 
+If you are running TeX on a UNIX system, or on a PC or a Mac (or
+whatever), take a look at MAKE_PRIMER.COM to see the steps involved in
+making the document. There isn't anything happening that you couldn't
+do "the hard way," i.e., manually, if that's your only option.
+ 
+Note that you will need to have TeX and DVIPS to be able to produce a
+copy of my writeup. If you use some other DVI-to-whatever converter,
+some of the appendicies that exploit \specials unique to DVIPS
+probably won't work, but everything else should be okay.
+ 
+You'll need about 1800 VAX/VMS (512 byte) disk blocks for the raw
+files; if space is tight you can omit Appendix G and the accompanying
+PostScript files included as a demonstration of using \special's to
+include PostScript graphics files. (DISSPLA2.PS, for example, accounts
+for 637 blocks all by itself.)
+ 
+After processing, you'll probably find that you've used up about 5500
+blocks.
+ 
+Anyhow, that's about it. If you enjoy my little primer and find it
+useful, let me know. If you catch any errors, please also let me know
+about that...
+ 
+Joe St Sauver
+Statistical Programmer and Consultant
+University of Oregon Computing Center
+joe@oregon.uoregon.edu or joe@oregon
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+ 
+______________________________________________________________________
+TeXMaG is an electronic magazine available free of charge to all
+interested parties reachable by electronic mail. It is published
+monthly. Letters to the editor may be sent to NABTEXM@TAMVENUS
+(BITNet) or NABTEXM@VENUS.TAMU.EDU (Internet) and may be published in
+a future issue.
+ 
+    Publisher:             Academic Computing Services of
+                                 Texas A&M University
+ 
+    Managing Editor:             Neil Burleson
+    TeX Consultant:              Robert Nilsson
+    Copy Editor:                 Neil Burleson (this issue)
+ 
+    Chief Consultant:            John McClain, Ph.D
+ 
+  SUBSCRIPTIONS:
+   CDNnet: Send a note to <list-request@relay.cdnnet.ca> asking to receive
+         TeXMaG.
+   JANET: Send a note to Peter Abbott, <Abbottp@Uk.Ac.Aston> asking to
+         receive TeXMaG.
+   All others: Send the following command as an interactive message
+         (Bitnet) or as a single-line mail message to LISTSERV@UICVM
+         or LISTSERV@UICVM.UIC.EDU:
+               SUBS TEXMAG-L Your_Full_Name.
+         If you have difficulty doing this, send a note to Neil Burleson
+         <NABTEXM@VENUS.TAMU.EDU>.
+ 
+  SUBMISSIONS:
+   Please send submissions to <TEXMAG-L@UICVM.UIC.EDU> or
+   <TEXMAG-L@UICVM>; they will automatically be forwarded to the
+   editor.
+ 
+  BACK ISSUES:
+   Back issues may be FTP'd from YMIR.CLAREMONT.EDU from the directory
+   [ANONYMOUS.TEX.PERIODICALS.TEXMAG]
+ 
+   Back issues may also be FTP'd from SUN.SOE.CLARKSON.EDU from the
+   directory pub/texmag. Users without FTP access may request back
+   issues from the Clarkson repository by sending a mail message
+   to <archive-server@sun.soe.clarkson.edu> with the form
+         path A_MAIL_PATH_FROM_CLARKSON_TO_YOU
+         get texmag texmag.V.NN
+   where V is the volume number and NN is the issue number. Including
+   a line "index texmag" in the message will return a list of back
+   issues available.
+ 
+   Janet users may obtain back issues from the Aston archive.
+   Those who are on SPAN can get in touch with Max Calvani at
+   39003::CALVANI for infos about SPAN archive.
+ 
+\bye bye!
+%                            End of TeXMaG
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+