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diff --git a/fonts/junicode/doc/source/EnlargeAxis.tex b/fonts/junicode/doc/source/EnlargeAxis.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d0c6873e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/fonts/junicode/doc/source/EnlargeAxis.tex @@ -0,0 +1,219 @@ +\chapter{The Enlarge Axis}\hypertarget{enlarge}{} +%\fancyhead[CE]{\scshape\color{myRed} {\addfontfeatures{Numbers=OldStyle}\thepage}\hspace{10pt}the enlarge axis} + +The character recommendation of the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (MUFI) includes a class of characters called +“Enlarged Minuscules,” for representing characters that are lowercase in shape but intermediate between lowercase +and uppercase in size: these are often used to begin sentences in medieval manuscripts. MUFI encodes these characters +in the Private Use Area, posing accessibility and searchability problems, as explained in the introduction to the +“Feature Reference” chapter of this manual. + +Junicode provides a solution to these problems via the OpenType feature Stylistic Set 6 (ss06, “Enlarged minuscules”). +This feature also works in Junicode VF, the variable version of Junicode, which in addition offers a far more flexible +way of representing enlarged minuscules—the Enlarge axis. + +An “axis” is an aspect of a font that can be varied along a numerical range. A family of traditional fonts like Times +New Roman has a weight axis with a font file on either end: Regular and Bold. Other font families have more weights +along this axis: for example, Light, Medium, ExtraBold. Most variable fonts also have a weight axis, but all weights +are contained in a single file, and users are not restricted to just a few weights, but can select any weight between +the extremes. + +Because almost every font family has at least two weights, Weight is the most familiar axis. But several other axes are +frequently found in both variable fonts and extended font families. Junicode has Weight and Width axes (Width varying +from {\narrow 75 Condensed} to {\wide 125 Expanded}, with 100 Regular in the middle), and the variable font also has +an Enlarge axis, which can vary the size of many lowercase letters from that of the font's capitals to that of the +lowercase letters: +\begin{figure}[h!] + \centering\includegraphics[width=4in]{dns.png} +\end{figure} +Just as the size of these sentence-initial letters varies widely in manuscripts, so it can vary on web pages and in +print (though few applications for producing printed documents currently support variable fonts). Notice that the letters +are not simply scaled: the proportions change and the weight remains consistent (a lowercase letter scaled up would look +too heavy, but a letter scaled via the Enlarged axis will have its original weight at the lower end of the axis and the +same weight as a capital at the top). + +The Enlarge axis runs from 0 to 100. You can choose any number in that range: to match the effect of ss06 precisely, choose 32. +To ensure that the xheight of all letters matches, choose 47 or less: above that value, the xheight of letters like \textex{e} +increases at a higher rate than that of letters like \textex{b}. + +To use the axis in a web page, declare a CSS class specifying the value for the axis. For example, the second of the examples +in the figure above has the axis set to 75: +\begin{verbatim} + .SentenceInitial { + font-variation-settings: "wght" 400, "wdth" 100, "ENLA" 75; + } +\end{verbatim} +\noindent In the text, enclose the first letter of a sentence in a \verb!<span>! with the class “Sentence\-Initial” (the entity +is for insular d): +\begin{verbatim} + <span class="SentenceInitial">ꝺ</span>ñs +\end{verbatim} +\noindent The result will be an abbreviation that begins with an “Enlarged Minuscule” insular d, precisely matching the look +of the second example in the figure above. + +These lowercase letters are affected by the Enlarge axis:\footnote{Note that all composite characters (e.g. \textex{á}, \textex{ü}) +based on these are also affected, so that the actual number of affected characters is much greater than shown here.} +\begin{multicols}{6} + a\hfill→\hfill\enlax{a} + + \cvd[1]{2}{a}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd[1]{2}{a}} + + ꜳ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꜳ} + + \cvd{55}{ꜳ}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd{55}{ꜳ}} + + æ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{æ} + + \cvd[3]{57}{æ}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd[3]{57}{æ}} + + ꜵ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꜵ} + + \cvd{59}{ꜵ}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd{59}{ꜵ}} + + \cvd[1]{59}{ꜵ}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd[1]{59}{ꜵ}} + + ꜷ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꜷ} + + ꜹ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꜹ} + + ꜻ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꜻ} + + ꜽ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꜽ} + + b\hfill→\hfill\enlax{b} + + c\hfill→\hfill\enlax{c} + + d\hfill→\hfill\enlax{d} + + đ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{đ} + + ꝺ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝺ} + + {\addfontfeature{Language=Icelandic}ð}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{{\addfontfeature{Language=Icelandic}ð}} + + {\addfontfeature{Language=English}ð}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{{\addfontfeature{Language=English}ð}} + + e\hfill→\hfill\enlax{e} + + ȩ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ȩ} + + ę\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ę} + + \cvd{62}{ę}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd{62}{ę}} + + \cvd[1]{62}{ę}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd[1]{62}{ę}} + + f\hfill→\hfill\enlax{f} + + \cvd[4]{12}{f}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd[4]{12}{f}} + + ꝼ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝼ} + + g\hfill→\hfill\enlax{g} + + ꟑ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꟑ} + + ᵹ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ᵹ} + + h\hfill→\hfill\enlax{h} + + \cvd{16}{h}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd{16}{h}} + + \cvd[3]{16}{h}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd[3]{16}{h}} + + ħ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ħ} + + \cvd[4]{16}{h}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{\cvd[4]{16}{h}} + + i\hfill→\hfill\enlax{i} + + ı\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ı} + + j\hfill→\hfill\enlax{j} + + ȷ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ȷ} + + k\hfill→\hfill\enlax{k} + + l\hfill→\hfill\enlax{l} + + ł\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ł} + + m\hfill→\hfill\enlax{m} + + n\hfill→\hfill\enlax{n} + + o\hfill→\hfill\enlax{o} + + ɵ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ɵ} + + ơ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ơ} + + ƣ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ƣ} + + ꝋ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝋ} + + ꝏ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝏ} + + ǫ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ǫ} + + ø\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ø} + + œ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{œ} + + p\hfill→\hfill\enlax{p} + + ꝓ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝓ} + + ꝕ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝕ} + + ꝑ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝑ} + + q\hfill→\hfill\enlax{q} + + ꝙ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝙ} + + r\hfill→\hfill\enlax{r} + + ꞃ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꞃ} + + ꝛ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝛ} + + ꝝ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝝ} + + s\hfill→\hfill\enlax{s} + + ꞅ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꞅ} + + t\hfill→\hfill\enlax{t} + + ꞇ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꞇ} + + u\hfill→\hfill\enlax{u} + + v\hfill→\hfill\enlax{v} + + w\hfill→\hfill\enlax{w} + + ƿ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ƿ} + + x\hfill→\hfill\enlax{x} + + y\hfill→\hfill\enlax{y} + + z\hfill→\hfill\enlax{z} + + {\addfontfeature{Language=Icelandic}þ}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{{\addfontfeature{Language=Icelandic}þ}} + + {\addfontfeature{Language=English}þ}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{{\addfontfeature{Language=English}þ}} + + {\addfontfeature{Language=Icelandic}ꝥ}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{{\addfontfeature{Language=Icelandic}ꝥ}} + + {\addfontfeature{Language=English}ꝥ}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{{\addfontfeature{Language=English}ꝥ}} + + {\addfontfeature{Language=Icelandic,CharacterVariant=66}ꝥ}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{{\addfontfeature{Language=Icelandic,CharacterVariant=66}ꝥ}} + + {\addfontfeature{Language=English,CharacterVariant=66}ꝥ}\hfill→\hfill\enlax{{\addfontfeature{Language=English,CharacterVariant=66}ꝥ}} + + ꝧ\hfill→\hfill\enlax{ꝧ} +\end{multicols}
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