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authorNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
committerNorbert Preining <norbert@preining.info>2019-09-02 13:46:59 +0900
commite0c6872cf40896c7be36b11dcc744620f10adf1d (patch)
tree60335e10d2f4354b0674ec22d7b53f0f8abee672 /macros/plain/contrib/jns
Initial commit
Diffstat (limited to 'macros/plain/contrib/jns')
-rw-r--r--macros/plain/contrib/jns/index59
-rw-r--r--macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.amm540
-rw-r--r--macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.cmm556
-rw-r--r--macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.dem331
-rw-r--r--macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.doc1188
-rw-r--r--macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.sty801
-rw-r--r--macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsl.dem354
-rw-r--r--macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsl.doc1162
-rw-r--r--macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsldoc.sty39
9 files changed, 5030 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/macros/plain/contrib/jns/index b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/index
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fc58a7d2ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/index
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# ....Plain TeX....
+#
+# jns.doc general instructions, this is the TeX source
+# for the documentation. Please TeX it if you
+# have the paper version not at hand
+# jns.dem an example showing how to code the front matter
+# jns.amm the macro package with am-fonts (the old \TeX{} fonts)
+# jns.cmm the macro package with cm-fonts (newer and preferable)
+# (these are both macro files and should not be changed)
+#
+# Include the macros and the cm-fonts by inserting the command
+# \input jns.cmm
+# at the beginning of your text file
+# (also called input or source file)
+#
+# If you do not have the cm-fonts which are preferable,
+# please insert at the beginning of your text file
+# \input jns.amm
+#
+#
+# If you use PC \TeX
+#
+# In PC TeX default memory capacity is not sufficient to accommodate our
+# fonts. To cope with this problem, invoke TeX with the following
+# command:
+# tex file.tex /f=26000 /m=65000
+#
+#
+#
+#
+# ....LaTeX....
+#
+# jnsl.dem an example showing how to code
+# jnsl.doc general instructions
+# jnsldoc.sty documentstyle
+#
+#
+#
+#
+# ....AmSTeX....
+#
+# jnsa.doc general instructions, this is the AmSTeX source
+# for the documentation. Please TeX it if you
+# have the paper version not at hand
+# jnsa.dem an example showing how to code
+# jnsams.cmm the macro package
+#
+# Include the macros and the cm-fonts by inserting the command
+# \input jnsams.cmm
+# at the beginning of your text file
+# (also called input or source file)
+#
+# If you use PC \TeX
+#
+# In PC TeX default memory capacity is not sufficient to accommodate our
+# fonts. To cope with this problem, invoke TeX with the following
+# command:
+# tex file.tex /f=26000 /m=65000
+#
diff --git a/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.amm b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.amm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..09af01d2de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.amm
@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+% This is JNS.AMM the plain TeX macro package
+% (AM version) from Springer-Verlag
+% for the Journal of Nonlinear Science
+% version of 16 July 1990
+\font \tbfontt = ambx10 scaled\magstep1
+\font \tafontt = ambx10 scaled\magstep2
+\font \tbfontss = ambx5 scaled\magstep1
+\font \tafontss = ambx5 scaled\magstep2
+\font \sixbf = ambx6
+\font \tbfonts = ambx7 scaled\magstep1
+\font \tafonts = ambx7 scaled\magstep2
+\font \ninebf = ambx9
+\font \tasys = amex10 scaled\magstep1
+\font \tasyt = amex10 scaled\magstep2
+\font \sixi = ammi6
+\font \ninei = ammi9
+\font \tams = ambi10
+\font \tbmss = ambi10 scaled 600
+\font \tamss = ambi10 scaled 700
+\font \tbms = ambi10 scaled 833
+\font \tbmt = ambi10 scaled\magstep1
+\font \tamt = ambi10 scaled\magstep2
+\font \smallescriptscriptfont = amr5
+\font \smalletextfont = amr5 at 10pt
+\font \smallescriptfont = amr5 at 7pt
+\font \sixrm = amr6
+\font \ninerm = amr9
+\font \ninesl = amsl9
+\font \tensans = amss10
+\font \fivesans = amss10 at 5pt
+\font \sixsans = amss10 at 6pt
+\font \sevensans = amss10 at 7pt
+\font \ninesans = amss10 at 9pt
+\font \tbst = amsy10 scaled\magstep1
+\font \tast = amsy10 scaled\magstep2
+\font \tbsss = amsy5 scaled\magstep1
+\font \tasss = amsy5 scaled\magstep2
+\font \sixsy = amsy6
+\font \tbss = amsy7 scaled\magstep1
+\font \tass = amsy7 scaled\magstep2
+\font \ninesy = amsy9
+\font \markfont = amti10 at 11pt
+\font \nineit = amti9
+\font \ninett = amtt9
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+\magnification=\magstep0
+\hsize=12.2truecm
+\vsize=19.4truecm
+\hfuzz=2pt
+\tolerance=500
+\abovedisplayskip=3 mm plus6pt minus 4pt
+\belowdisplayskip=3 mm plus6pt minus 4pt
+\abovedisplayshortskip=0mm plus6pt minus 2pt
+\belowdisplayshortskip=2 mm plus4pt minus 4pt
+\predisplaypenalty=0
+\clubpenalty=10000
+\widowpenalty=10000
+\frenchspacing
+\newdimen\oldparindent\oldparindent=1.5em
+\parindent=1.5em
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
+\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8pt}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3pt}<\cr}}}}}
+\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
+\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
+\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
+\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
+\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
+\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
+\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
+\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
+{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
+\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbe{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{\smalletextfont e}\hbox{\raise
+0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule width0.3pt height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{\smalletextfont e}\hbox{\raise
+0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule width0.3pt height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{\smallescriptfont e}\hbox{\raise
+0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule width0.2pt height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{\smallescriptscriptfont e}\hbox{\raise
+0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule width0.2pt height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
+T$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\sans\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\sans\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\sans\scriptstyle Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\sans\scriptscriptstyle Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}
+%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+% petit-fonts
+\skewchar\ninei='177 \skewchar\sixi='177
+\skewchar\ninesy='60 \skewchar\sixsy='60
+\hyphenchar\ninett=-1
+\def\newline{\hfil\break}%
+%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\catcode`@=11
+\def\folio{\ifnum\pageno<\z@
+\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral-\pageno}%
+\else\number\pageno \fi}
+\catcode`@=12 % at signs are no longer letters
+%-------------------------------------------------------
+% Definition der versal griechischen Buchstaben
+%===============================================================================
+ \mathchardef\Gamma="0100
+ \mathchardef\Delta="0101
+ \mathchardef\Theta="0102
+ \mathchardef\Lambda="0103
+ \mathchardef\Xi="0104
+ \mathchardef\Pi="0105
+ \mathchardef\Sigma="0106
+ \mathchardef\Upsilon="0107
+ \mathchardef\Phi="0108
+ \mathchardef\Psi="0109
+ \mathchardef\Omega="010A
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
+\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil
+\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed
+\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\newfam\sansfam
+\textfont\sansfam=\tensans\scriptfont\sansfam=\sevensans
+\scriptscriptfont\sansfam=\fivesans
+\def\sans{\fam\sansfam\tensans}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\stackfigbox{\if
+Y\FIG\global\setbox\figbox=\vbox{\unvbox\figbox\box1}%
+\else\global\setbox\figbox=\vbox{\box1}\global\let\FIG=Y\fi}
+%
+\def\placefigure{\dimen0=\ht1\advance\dimen0by\dp1
+\advance\dimen0by5\baselineskip
+\advance\dimen0by0.4true cm
+\ifdim\dimen0>\vsize\pageinsert\box1\vfill\endinsert
+\else%keine seitenhohe Abbildung
+\if Y\FIG\stackfigbox\else
+\dimen0=\pagetotal\ifdim\dimen0<\pagegoal%aktuelle Seite ist noch nicht voll
+\advance\dimen0by\ht1\advance\dimen0by\dp1\advance\dimen0by1.7true cm
+\ifdim\dimen0>\pagegoal\stackfigbox
+\else\box1\vskip7true mm\fi
+\else\box1\vskip7true mm\fi\fi\fi\let\firstleg=Y}
+%
+% Abbildungen
+\def\begfig#1cm#2\endfig{\par
+\setbox1=\vbox{\dimen0=#1true cm\advance\dimen0
+by1true cm\kern\dimen0\vskip-.8333\baselineskip#2}\placefigure}
+%
+\def\begdoublefig#1cm #2 #3 \enddoublefig{\begfig#1cm%
+\line{\vtop{\hsize=0.46\hsize#2}\hfill
+\vtop{\hsize=0.46\hsize#3}}\endfig}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\let\firstleg=Y
+% Abbildungslegenden
+% Falls Text kleiner als eine volle Zeile, zentriert.
+\def\figure#1#2{\if Y\firstleg\vskip1true cm\else\vskip1.7true mm\fi
+\let\firstleg=N\setbox0=\vbox{\noindent\petit{\bf
+Fig.\ts#1\unskip.\ }\ignorespaces #2\smallskip
+\count255=0\global\advance\count255by\prevgraf}%
+\ifnum\count255>1\box0\else
+\centerline{\petit{\bf Fig.\ts#1\unskip.\
+}\ignorespaces#2}\smallskip\fi}
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------
+% Tabellenkoepfe
+\def\tabcap#1#2{\smallskip\vbox{\noindent\petit{\bf Table\ts#1\unskip.\
+}\ignorespaces #2\medskip}}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\begtab#1cm#2\endtab{\par
+ \ifvoid\topins\midinsert\medskip\vbox{#2\kern#1true cm}\endinsert
+ \else\topinsert\vbox{#2\kern#1true cm}\endinsert\fi}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\begpet{\vskip6pt\bgroup\petit}
+\def\endpet{\vskip6pt\egroup}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+% Referenzen
+\newdimen\refindent
+\newlinechar=`\|
+\def\begref#1#2{\titlea{}{#1}%
+\bgroup\petit
+\setbox0=\hbox{#2\enspace}\refindent=\wd0\relax
+\if!#2!\else
+\ifdim\refindent>0.5em\else
+\message{|Something may be wrong with your references;}%
+\message{probably you missed the second argument of \string\begref.}%
+\fi\fi}
+\def\ref{\goodbreak
+\hangindent\oldparindent\hangafter=1
+\noindent\ignorespaces}
+\def\refno#1{\goodbreak
+\setbox0=\hbox{#1\enspace}\ifdim\refindent<\wd0\relax
+\message{|Your reference `#1' is wider than you pretended in using
+\string\begref.}\fi
+\hangindent\refindent\hangafter=1
+\noindent\kern\refindent\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
+\def\refmark#1{\goodbreak
+\setbox0=\hbox{#1\enspace}\ifdim\refindent<\wd0\relax
+\message{|Your reference `#1' is wider than you pretended in using
+\string\begref.}\fi
+\hangindent\refindent\hangafter=1
+\noindent\hbox to\refindent{#1\hss}\ignorespaces}
+\def\endref{\goodbreak\endpet}% Ende der Referenzen
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\vec#1{{\textfont1=\tenbf\scriptfont1=\sevenbf
+\textfont0=\tenbf\scriptfont0=\sevenbf
+\mathchoice{\hbox{$\displaystyle#1$}}{\hbox{$\textstyle#1$}}
+{\hbox{$\scriptstyle#1$}}{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\petit{\def\rm{\fam0\ninerm}%
+\textfont0=\ninerm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
+ \textfont1=\ninei \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
+ \textfont2=\ninesy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
+ \def\it{\fam\itfam\nineit}%
+ \textfont\itfam=\nineit
+ \def\sl{\fam\slfam\ninesl}%
+ \textfont\slfam=\ninesl
+ \def\bf{\fam\bffam\ninebf}%
+ \textfont\bffam=\ninebf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
+ \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
+ \def\sans{\fam\sansfam\ninesans}%
+ \textfont\sansfam=\ninesans \scriptfont\sansfam=\sixsans
+ \scriptscriptfont\sansfam=\fivesans
+ \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\ninett}%
+ \textfont\ttfam=\ninett
+ \normalbaselineskip=11pt
+ \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height7pt depth2pt width0pt}%
+ \normalbaselines\rm
+\def\vec##1{{\textfont1=\tbms\scriptfont1=\tbmss
+\textfont0=\ninebf\scriptfont0=\sixbf
+\mathchoice{\hbox{$\displaystyle##1$}}{\hbox{$\textstyle##1$}}
+{\hbox{$\scriptstyle##1$}}{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle##1$}}}}}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\nopagenumbers
+%
+% Der Schalter \header gibt an, ob ein "running head" gedruckt werden
+% soll; wenn er nicht auf "N" steht kommt ein solcher.
+\let\header=Y
+\let\FIG=N
+\newbox\figbox
+\output={\if N\header\headline={\hfil}\fi\plainoutput\global\let\header=Y
+\if Y\FIG\topinsert\unvbox\figbox\endinsert\global\let\FIG=N\fi}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+\let\lasttitle=N
+%---------------------------------------------------------------
+\catcode`\@=\active
+\def\author#1{\bgroup
+\baselineskip=13.2pt
+\lineskip=0pt
+\pretolerance=10000
+\markfont
+\ignorespaces#1\bigskip\egroup
+{\def@##1{}%
+\setbox0=\hbox{\petit\kern2.5true cc\ignorespaces#1\unskip}%
+\ifdim\wd0>\hsize
+\message{The names of the authors exceed the headline, please use a }%
+\message{short form with AUTHORRUNNING}\gdef\leftheadline{%
+\hbox to2.5true cc{\folio\hfil}\hfil AUTHORS suppressed due to excessive
+length}%
+\else
+\xdef\leftheadline{\hbox to2.5true
+cc{\noexpand\folio\hfil}\hfill\ignorespaces#1\unskip}%
+\fi
+}\let\INS=E}
+\def\address#1{\bgroup\petit
+\ignorespaces#1\bigskip\egroup
+\catcode`\@=12
+\vskip2cm\noindent\ignorespaces}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+\let\INS=N%
+% Aktionen, die bei Antreffen des @-Zeichens zu machen sind;
+% drei Faelle a) @ bei AUTHOR, b) 1.@ bei ADDRESS, c) alle weiteren @'s
+\def@#1{\if N\INS\unskip$\,^{#1}$\else\global\footcount=#1\relax
+\if E\INS\hangindent0.5\parindent\noindent\hbox
+to0.5\parindent{$^{#1}$\hfil}\let\INS=Y\ignorespaces
+\else\par\hangindent0.5\parindent\noindent\hbox
+to0.5\parindent{$^{#1}$\hfil}\ignorespaces\fi\fi}%
+\catcode`\@=12
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+% "running head"
+\headline={\petit\def\newline{ }\def\fonote#1{}\ifodd\pageno
+\rightheadline\else\leftheadline\fi}
+\def\rightheadline{Missing CONTRIBUTION
+title\hfil\hbox to2.5true cc{\hfil\folio}}
+\def\leftheadline{\hbox to2.5true cc{\folio\hfil}\hfil Missing name(s) of the
+author(s)}
+\nopagenumbers
+%
+\let\header=Y
+%------------------------------------------------------
+\def\contributionrunning#1{\message{Running head on right hand sides
+(CONTRIBUTION)
+has been changed}\gdef\rightheadline{\ignorespaces#1\unskip\hfil
+\hbox to2.5true cc{\hfil\folio}}}
+\def\authorrunning#1{\message{Running head on left hand sides (AUTHOR)
+has been changed}\gdef\leftheadline{\hbox to2.5true cc{\folio
+\hfil}\hfil\ignorespaces#1\unskip}}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+\let\lasttitle=N
+ \def\contribution#1{\vfill\eject
+ \let\header=N\bgroup
+ \textfont0=\tafontt \scriptfont0=\tafonts \scriptscriptfont0=\tafontss
+ \textfont1=\tamt \scriptfont1=\tams \scriptscriptfont1=\tams
+ \textfont2=\tast \scriptfont2=\tass \scriptscriptfont2=\tasss
+ \par\baselineskip=16pt
+ \lineskip=16pt
+ \tafontt
+ \raggedright
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \noindent
+ \ignorespaces#1
+ \vskip17pt\egroup
+ \nobreak
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \everypar={\global\parindent=1.5em
+ \global\let\lasttitle=N\global\everypar={}}%
+ \global\let\lasttitle=A%
+ \setbox0=\hbox{\petit\def\newline{ }\def\fonote##1{}\kern2.5true
+ cc\ignorespaces#1}\ifdim\wd0>\hsize
+ \message{Your CONTRIBUTIONtitle exceeds the headline,
+please use a short form
+with CONTRIBUTIONRUNNING}\gdef\rightheadline{CONTRIBUTION title
+suppressed due to excessive length\hfil\hbox to2.5true cc{\hfil\folio}}%
+\else
+\gdef\rightheadline{\ignorespaces#1\unskip\hfil\hbox to2.5true
+cc{\hfil\folio}}\fi
+\catcode`\@=\active
+ \ignorespaces}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+% Beginn Ueberschrift 1. Ordnung
+\def\titlea#1#2{\if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-28pt
+ \fi
+ \vskip18pt plus 4pt minus4pt
+ \bgroup
+\textfont0=\tbfontt \scriptfont0=\tbfonts \scriptscriptfont0=\tbfontss
+\textfont1=\tbmt \scriptfont1=\tbms \scriptscriptfont1=\tbmss
+\textfont2=\tbst \scriptfont2=\tbss \scriptscriptfont2=\tbsss
+\textfont3=\tasys \scriptfont3=\tenex \scriptscriptfont3=\tenex
+ \baselineskip=16pt
+ \lineskip=0pt
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \noindent
+ \tbfontt
+ \rightskip 0pt plus 6em
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\vskip23pt\def\fonote##1{}%
+ \noindent
+ \if!#1!\ignorespaces#2
+ \else\ignorespaces#1\unskip\enspace\ignorespaces#2\fi
+ \vskip18pt}%
+ \dimen0=\pagetotal\advance\dimen0 by-\pageshrink
+ \ifdim\dimen0<\pagegoal
+ \dimen0=\ht0\advance\dimen0 by\dp0\advance\dimen0 by
+ 3\normalbaselineskip
+ \advance\dimen0 by\pagetotal
+ \ifdim\dimen0>\pagegoal\eject\fi\fi
+ \noindent
+ \if!#1!\ignorespaces#2
+ \else\ignorespaces#1\unskip\enspace\ignorespaces#2\fi
+ \vskip12pt plus4pt minus4pt\egroup
+ \nobreak
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \everypar={\global\parindent=\oldparindent
+ \global\let\lasttitle=N\global\everypar={}}%
+ \global\let\lasttitle=A%
+ \ignorespaces}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+ % Beginn Ueberschrift 2. Ordnung
+ \def\titleb#1#2{\if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-22pt
+ \fi
+ \vskip18pt plus 4pt minus4pt
+ \bgroup
+\textfont0=\tenbf \scriptfont0=\sevenbf \scriptscriptfont0=\fivebf
+\textfont1=\tams \scriptfont1=\tamss \scriptscriptfont1=\tbmss
+ \lineskip=0pt
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \noindent
+ \bf
+ \rightskip 0pt plus 6em
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\vskip23pt\def\fonote##1{}%
+ \noindent
+ \if!#1!\ignorespaces#2
+ \else\ignorespaces#1\unskip\enspace\ignorespaces#2\fi
+ \vskip10pt}%
+ \dimen0=\pagetotal\advance\dimen0 by-\pageshrink
+ \ifdim\dimen0<\pagegoal
+ \dimen0=\ht0\advance\dimen0 by\dp0\advance\dimen0 by
+ 3\normalbaselineskip
+ \advance\dimen0 by\pagetotal
+ \ifdim\dimen0>\pagegoal\eject\fi\fi
+ \noindent
+ \if!#1!\ignorespaces#2
+ \else\ignorespaces#1\unskip\enspace\ignorespaces#2\fi
+ \vskip8pt plus4pt minus4pt\egroup
+ \nobreak
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \everypar={\global\parindent=\oldparindent
+ \global\let\lasttitle=N\global\everypar={}}%
+ \global\let\lasttitle=B%
+ \ignorespaces}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+ % Beginn Ueberschrift 3. Ordnung
+ \def\titlec#1{\if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-\baselineskip
+ \fi
+ \vskip18pt plus 4pt minus4pt
+ \bgroup
+\textfont0=\tenbf \scriptfont0=\sevenbf \scriptscriptfont0=\fivebf
+\textfont1=\tams \scriptfont1=\tamss \scriptscriptfont1=\tbmss
+ \bf
+ \noindent
+ \ignorespaces#1\unskip\ \egroup
+ \ignorespaces}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % Beginn Ueberschrift 4. Ordnung
+ \def\titled#1{\if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-\baselineskip
+ \fi
+ \vskip12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt
+ \bgroup
+ \it
+ \noindent
+ \ignorespaces#1\unskip\ \egroup
+ \ignorespaces}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\let\ts=\thinspace
+\def\footnoterule{\kern-3pt\hrule width 2true cm\kern2.6pt}
+% Fussnoten-macros
+\newcount\footcount \footcount=0
+\def\advftncnt{\advance\footcount by1\global\footcount=\footcount}
+% Automatisch numerierte Fussnote, Fussnotentex in petit
+\def\fonote#1{\advftncnt$^{\the\footcount}$\begingroup\petit
+\parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil
+\def\textindent##1{\hangindent0.5\oldparindent\noindent\hbox
+to0.5\oldparindent{##1\hss}\ignorespaces}%
+\vfootnote{$^{\the\footcount}$}{#1\vskip-9.69pt}\endgroup}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\item#1{\par\noindent
+\hangindent6.5 mm\hangafter=0
+\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\itemitem#1{\par\noindent
+\hangindent11.5 mm\hangafter=0
+\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\newenvironment#1#2#3#4{\long\def#1##1##2{\removelastskip
+\vskip\baselineskip\noindent{#3#2\if!##1!.\else\unskip\ \ignorespaces
+##1\unskip\fi\ }{#4\ignorespaces##2}\vskip\baselineskip}}
+% Lemma, Proposition, Theorem, Corollary
+\newenvironment\lemma{Lemma}{\bf}{\it}
+\newenvironment\proposition{Proposition}{\bf}{\it}
+\newenvironment\theorem{Theorem}{\bf}{\it}
+\newenvironment\corollary{Corollary}{\bf}{\it}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+% Example, Exercise, Problem, Solution, Definition
+\newenvironment\example{Example}{\it}{\rm}
+\newenvironment\exercise{Exercise}{\bf}{\rm}
+\newenvironment\problem{Problem}{\bf}{\rm}
+\newenvironment\solution{Solution}{\bf}{\rm}
+\newenvironment\definition{Definition}{\bf}{\rm}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+%Note, Question
+\newenvironment\note{Note}{\it}{\rm}
+\newenvironment\question{Question}{\it}{\rm}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+%Proof, Remark
+\long\def\remark#1{\removelastskip\vskip\baselineskip\noindent{\it
+Remark.\ }\ignorespaces}
+\long\def\proof#1{\removelastskip\vskip\baselineskip\noindent{\it
+Proof\if!#1!\else\ \ignorespaces#1\fi.\ }\ignorespaces}
+%------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\typeset{\petit\noindent This article was processed by the author
+using the \TeX\ macro package from Springer-Verlag.\par}
+\outer\def\byebye{\bigskip\bigskip\typeset
+\footcount=1\ifx\speciali\undefined\else
+\loop\smallskip\noindent special character No\number\footcount:
+\csname special\romannumeral\footcount\endcsname
+\advance\footcount by 1\global\footcount=\footcount
+\ifnum\footcount<11\repeat\fi
+\vfill\supereject\end}
diff --git a/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.cmm b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.cmm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0842e27a92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.cmm
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+% This is JNS.CMM the plain TeX macro package
+% (CM version) from Springer-Verlag
+% for the Journal of Nonlinear Science
+% version of 16 July 1990
+\font \tafontt = cmbx10 scaled\magstep2
+\font \tafontss = cmbx5 scaled\magstep2
+\font \sixbf = cmbx6
+\font \tafonts = cmbx7 scaled\magstep2
+\font \eightbf = cmbx8
+\font \sixi = cmmi6
+\font \eighti = cmmi8
+\font \tams = cmmib10
+\font \tbmss = cmmib10 scaled 600
+\font \tamss = cmmib10 scaled 700
+\font \tbms = cmmib10 scaled 833
+\font \tamt = cmmib10 scaled\magstep2
+\font \smallescriptscriptfont = cmr5
+\font \smalletextfont = cmr5 at 10pt
+\font \smallescriptfont = cmr5 at 7pt
+\font \sixrm = cmr6
+\font \eightrm = cmr8
+\font \tensans = cmss10
+\font \fivesans = cmss10 at 5pt
+\font \sixsans = cmss10 at 6pt
+\font \sevensans = cmss10 at 7pt
+\font \eightsans = cmss10 at 8pt
+\font \tast = cmsy10 scaled\magstep2
+\font \tasss = cmsy5 scaled\magstep2
+\font \sixsy = cmsy6
+\font \tass = cmsy7 scaled\magstep2
+\font \eightsy = cmsy8
+\font \eightit = cmti8
+\font \eighttt = cmtt8
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+\magnification=\magstep0
+\hsize=12.2cm
+\vsize=19.4cm
+\hfuzz=2pt
+\tolerance=500
+\abovedisplayskip=3 mm plus6pt minus 4pt
+\belowdisplayskip=3 mm plus6pt minus 4pt
+\abovedisplayshortskip=0mm plus6pt minus 2pt
+\belowdisplayshortskip=2 mm plus4pt minus 4pt
+\predisplaypenalty=0
+\clubpenalty=10000
+\widowpenalty=10000
+\frenchspacing
+\newdimen\oldparindent\oldparindent=1.5em
+\parindent=1.5em
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
+\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8pt}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3pt}<\cr}}}}}
+\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
+\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
+\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
+\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
+\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
+\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
+\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
+\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
+{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
+\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbe{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{\smalletextfont e}\hbox{\raise
+0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule width0.3pt height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{\smalletextfont e}\hbox{\raise
+0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule width0.3pt height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{\smallescriptfont e}\hbox{\raise
+0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule width0.2pt height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{\smallescriptscriptfont e}\hbox{\raise
+0.1\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule width0.2pt height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
+T$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\sans\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\sans\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\sans\scriptstyle Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\sans\scriptscriptstyle Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}
+%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+% petit-fonts
+\skewchar\eighti='177 \skewchar\sixi='177
+\skewchar\eightsy='60 \skewchar\sixsy='60
+\hyphenchar\eighttt=-1
+\def\newline{\hfil\break}%
+%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\catcode`@=11
+\def\folio{\ifnum\pageno<\z@
+\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral-\pageno}%
+\else\number\pageno\fi}
+\catcode`@=12 % at signs are no longer letters
+%-------------------------------------------------------
+% Definition der versal griechischen Buchstaben
+%===============================================================================
+ \mathchardef\Gamma="0100
+ \mathchardef\Delta="0101
+ \mathchardef\Theta="0102
+ \mathchardef\Lambda="0103
+ \mathchardef\Xi="0104
+ \mathchardef\Pi="0105
+ \mathchardef\Sigma="0106
+ \mathchardef\Upsilon="0107
+ \mathchardef\Phi="0108
+ \mathchardef\Psi="0109
+ \mathchardef\Omega="010A
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
+\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil
+\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed
+\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\newfam\sansfam
+\textfont\sansfam=\tensans\scriptfont\sansfam=\sevensans
+\scriptscriptfont\sansfam=\fivesans
+\def\sans{\fam\sansfam\tensans}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\stackfigbox{\if
+Y\FIG\global\setbox\figbox=\vbox{\unvbox\figbox\box1}%
+\else\global\setbox\figbox=\vbox{\box1}\global\let\FIG=Y\fi}
+%
+\def\placefigure{\dimen0=\ht1\advance\dimen0by\dp1
+\advance\dimen0by5\baselineskip
+\advance\dimen0by0.4true cm
+\ifdim\dimen0>\vsize\pageinsert\box1\vfill\endinsert
+\else%keine seitenhohe Abbildung
+\if Y\FIG\stackfigbox\else
+\dimen0=\pagetotal\ifdim\dimen0<\pagegoal%aktuelle Seite ist noch nicht voll
+\advance\dimen0by\ht1\advance\dimen0by\dp1\advance\dimen0by1.7true cm
+\ifdim\dimen0>\pagegoal\stackfigbox
+\else\box1\vskip7true mm\fi
+\else\box1\vskip7true mm\fi\fi\fi\let\firstleg=Y}
+%
+% Abbildungen
+\def\begfig#1cm#2\endfig{\par
+\setbox1=\vbox{\dimen0=#1true cm\advance\dimen0
+by1true cm\kern\dimen0\vskip-.8333\baselineskip#2}\placefigure}
+%
+\def\begdoublefig#1cm #2 #3 \enddoublefig{\begfig#1cm%
+\line{\vtop{\hsize=0.46\hsize#2}\hfill
+\vtop{\hsize=0.46\hsize#3}}\endfig}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\let\firstleg=Y
+% Abbildungslegenden
+% Falls Text kleiner als eine volle Zeile, zentriert.
+\def\figure#1#2{\if Y\firstleg\vskip1true cm\else\vskip1.7true mm\fi
+\let\firstleg=N\setbox0=\vbox{\noindent\petit{\bf
+Fig.\ts#1\unskip.\ }\ignorespaces #2\smallskip
+\count255=0\global\advance\count255by\prevgraf}%
+\ifnum\count255>1\box0\else
+\centerline{\petit{\bf Fig.\ts#1\unskip.\
+}\ignorespaces#2}\smallskip\fi}
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------
+% Tabellenkoepfe
+\def\tabcap#1#2{\smallskip\vbox{\noindent\petit{\bf Table\ts#1\unskip.\
+}\ignorespaces #2\medskip}}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\begtab#1cm#2\endtab{\par
+ \ifvoid\topins\midinsert\medskip\vbox{#2\kern#1true cm}\endinsert
+ \else\topinsert\vbox{#2\kern#1true cm}\endinsert\fi}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\begpet{\vskip6pt\bgroup\petit}
+\def\endpet{\vskip6pt\egroup}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+% Referenzen
+\newdimen\refindent
+\newlinechar=`\|
+\def\begref#1#2{\titlea{}{#1}%
+\bgroup\petit
+\setbox0=\hbox{#2\enspace}\refindent=\wd0\relax
+\if!#2!\else
+\ifdim\refindent>0.5em\else
+\message{|Something may be wrong with your references;}%
+\message{probably you missed the second argument of \string\begref.}%
+\fi\fi}
+\def\ref{\goodbreak
+\hangindent\oldparindent\hangafter=1
+\noindent\ignorespaces}
+\def\refno#1{\goodbreak
+\setbox0=\hbox{#1\enspace}\ifdim\refindent<\wd0\relax
+\message{|Your reference `#1' is wider than you pretended in using
+\string\begref.}\fi
+\hangindent\refindent\hangafter=1
+\noindent\kern\refindent\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
+\def\refmark#1{\goodbreak
+\setbox0=\hbox{#1\enspace}\ifdim\refindent<\wd0\relax
+\message{|Your reference `#1' is wider than you pretended in using
+\string\begref.}\fi
+\hangindent\refindent\hangafter=1
+\noindent\hbox to\refindent{#1\hss}\ignorespaces}
+\def\endref{\goodbreak\endpet}% Ende der Referenzen
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\vec#1{{\textfont1=\tenbf\scriptfont1=\sevenbf
+\textfont0=\tenbf\scriptfont0=\sevenbf
+\mathchoice{\hbox{$\displaystyle#1$}}{\hbox{$\textstyle#1$}}
+{\hbox{$\scriptstyle#1$}}{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}}}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\petit{\def\rm{\fam0\eightrm}%
+\textfont0=\eightrm \scriptfont0=\sixrm \scriptscriptfont0=\fiverm
+ \textfont1=\eighti \scriptfont1=\sixi \scriptscriptfont1=\fivei
+ \textfont2=\eightsy \scriptfont2=\sixsy \scriptscriptfont2=\fivesy
+ \def\it{\fam\itfam\eightit}%
+ \textfont\itfam=\eightit
+ \def\bf{\fam\bffam\eightbf}%
+ \textfont\bffam=\eightbf \scriptfont\bffam=\sixbf
+ \scriptscriptfont\bffam=\fivebf
+ \def\sans{\fam\sansfam\eightsans}%
+ \textfont\sansfam=\eightsans \scriptfont\sansfam=\sixsans
+ \scriptscriptfont\sansfam=\fivesans
+ \def\tt{\fam\ttfam\eighttt}%
+ \textfont\ttfam=\eighttt
+ \normalbaselineskip=10pt
+ \setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height7pt depth2pt width0pt}%
+ \normalbaselines\rm
+\def\vec##1{{\textfont1=\tbms\scriptfont1=\tbmss
+\textfont0=\eightbf\scriptfont0=\sixbf
+\mathchoice{\hbox{$\displaystyle##1$}}{\hbox{$\textstyle##1$}}
+{\hbox{$\scriptstyle##1$}}{\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle##1$}}}}}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\nopagenumbers
+%
+% Der Schalter \header gibt an, ob ein "running head" gedruckt werden
+% soll; wenn er nicht auf "N" steht kommt ein solcher.
+\let\header=Y
+\let\FIG=N
+\newbox\figbox
+\output={\if N\header\headline={\hfil}\fi\plainoutput
+\global\let\header=Y
+\if Y\FIG\topinsert\unvbox\figbox\endinsert\global\let\FIG=N\fi}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+\let\lasttitle=N
+%------------------------------------------------------
+% "running head"
+\headline={\petit\def\newline{ }\def\fonote#1{}\ifodd\pageno
+\rightheadline\else\leftheadline\fi}
+\def\rightheadline{Missing MAINTITLE\hfil\hbox to2.5true
+cc{\hfil\folio}}
+\def\leftheadline{\hbox to2.5true cc{\folio\hfil}\hfil Missing name(s)
+of the author(s)}
+\nopagenumbers
+%
+\let\header=Y
+%------------------------------------------------------
+\def\Logo{\setbox254=\hbox{ THE JOURNAL OF }%
+\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\vbox{\kern3pt
+\copy254
+\hbox to\wd254{\hfil NONLINEAR\hfil}
+\hbox to\wd254{\hfil SCIENCE\hfil}
+\hbox to\wd254{\hfil\number\day.\number\month.\number\year\hfil}
+\kern3pt}\vrule}\hrule}}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+\def\makelogo{\hbox to\hsize{\hfil
+\Logo}\vskip2.1cm}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+ \def\maintitle#1{\vfill\eject
+ \makelogo
+ \let\header=N\bgroup
+ \textfont0=\tafontt \scriptfont0=\tafonts \scriptscriptfont0=\tafontss
+ \textfont1=\tamt \scriptfont1=\tams \scriptscriptfont1=\tamss
+ \textfont2=\tast \scriptfont2=\tass \scriptscriptfont2=\tasss
+ \par\baselineskip=16pt
+ \lineskip=0pt
+ \tafontt
+ \raggedright
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \noindent
+ \ignorespaces#1
+ \vskip10.8pt\egroup
+ \nobreak
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \everypar={\global\parindent=1.5em
+ \global\let\lasttitle=N\global\everypar={}}%
+ \global\let\lasttitle=A%
+ \setbox0=\hbox{\petit\def\newline{ }\def\fonote##1{}\kern2.5true
+ cc\ignorespaces#1}\ifdim\wd0>\hsize
+ \message{Your MAINTITLE exceeds the headline,
+please use a short form
+with MAINRUNNING}\gdef\rightheadline{MAIN title
+suppressed due to excessive length\hfil\hbox to2.5true cc{\hfil\folio}}%
+\else
+\gdef\rightheadline{\ignorespaces#1\unskip\hfil\hbox to2.5true
+cc{\hfil\folio}}\fi
+\catcode`\@=\active
+ \ignorespaces}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+\def\mainrunning#1{\message{Running head on right hand sides
+(MAINTITLE)
+has been changed}\gdef\rightheadline{\ignorespaces#1\unskip\hfil
+\hbox to2.5true cc{\hfil\folio}}}
+\def\authorrunning#1{\message{Running head on left hand sides (AUTHOR)
+has been changed}\gdef\leftheadline{\hbox to2.5true cc{\folio
+\hfil}\hfil\ignorespaces#1\unskip}}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+\def\subtitle#1{\vskip-5.7pt
+ \bgroup
+\textfont0=\tenbf \scriptfont0=\sevenbf \scriptscriptfont0=\fivebf
+\textfont1=\tams \scriptfont1=\tamss \scriptscriptfont1=\tbmss
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \noindent
+ \bf
+ \rightskip 0pt plus 6em
+ \ignorespaces#1
+ \vskip10.8pt\egroup
+ \nobreak
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \everypar={\global\parindent=1.5em
+ \global\let\lasttitle=N\global\everypar={}}%
+ \global\let\lasttitle=A%
+ \ignorespaces}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+\catcode`\@=\active
+\def\author#1{\bgroup
+\pretolerance=10000
+\bf
+\noindent
+\ignorespaces#1\vskip.1cm\egroup
+{\def@##1{}%
+\setbox0=\hbox{\petit\kern2.5true cc\ignorespaces#1\unskip}%
+\ifdim\wd0>\hsize
+\message{The names of the authors exceed the headline, please use a }%
+\message{short form with AUTHORRUNNING}\gdef\leftheadline{%
+\hbox to2.5true cc{\folio\hfil}\hfil AUTHORS suppressed due to excessive
+length}%
+\else
+\xdef\leftheadline{\hbox to2.5true
+cc{\noexpand\folio\hfil}\hfill\ignorespaces#1\unskip}%
+\fi
+}\let\INS=E}
+\def\address#1{\bgroup\petit
+\ignorespaces#1\vskip8pt\egroup
+\catcode`\@=12}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+\let\INS=N%
+% Aktionen, die bei Antreffen des @-Zeichens zu machen sind;
+% drei Faelle a) @ bei AUTHOR, b) 1.@ bei ADDRESS, c) alle weiteren @'s
+\def@#1{\if N\INS\unskip$\,^{#1}$\else\global\footcount=#1\relax
+\if E\INS\hangindent0.5\parindent\noindent\hbox
+to0.5\parindent{$^{#1}$\hfil}\let\INS=Y\ignorespaces
+\else\par\hangindent0.5\parindent\noindent\hbox
+to0.5\parindent{$^{#1}$\hfil}\ignorespaces\fi\fi}%
+\catcode`\@=12
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\received#1{\bgroup\petit\noindent Received #1
+\vskip24pt\egroup}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------
+\long\def\summary#1{\noindent{\bf Summary. }\ignorespaces#1
+\vskip12pt}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\keywords#1{\noindent{\bf Key words. }\ignorespaces#1
+\par}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------
+% Beginn Ueberschrift 1. Ordnung
+\def\titlea#1#2{\if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-28pt
+ \fi
+ \vskip18pt plus 4pt minus4pt
+ \bgroup
+\textfont0=\tenbf \scriptfont0=\sevenbf \scriptscriptfont0=\fivebf
+\textfont1=\tams \scriptfont1=\tamss \scriptscriptfont1=\tbmss
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \noindent
+ \bf
+ \rightskip 0pt plus 6em
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\vskip23pt\def\fonote##1{}%
+ \noindent
+ \if!#1!\ignorespaces#2
+ \else\ignorespaces#1\unskip\enspace\ignorespaces#2\fi
+ \vskip18pt}%
+ \dimen0=\pagetotal\advance\dimen0 by-\pageshrink
+ \ifdim\dimen0<\pagegoal
+ \dimen0=\ht0\advance\dimen0 by\dp0\advance\dimen0 by
+ 3\normalbaselineskip
+ \advance\dimen0 by\pagetotal
+ \ifdim\dimen0>\pagegoal\eject\fi\fi
+ \noindent
+ \if!#1!\ignorespaces#2
+ \else\ignorespaces#1\unskip\enspace\ignorespaces#2\fi
+ \vskip14pt plus4pt minus4pt\egroup
+ \nobreak
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \everypar={\global\parindent=\oldparindent
+ \global\let\lasttitle=N\global\everypar={}}%
+ \global\let\lasttitle=A%
+ \ignorespaces}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+ % Beginn Ueberschrift 2. Ordnung
+ \def\titleb#1#2{\if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-20pt
+ \fi
+ \vskip18pt plus 4pt minus4pt
+ \bgroup
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \noindent
+ \it
+ \rightskip 0pt plus 6em
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\vskip23pt\def\fonote##1{}%
+ \noindent
+ \if!#1!\ignorespaces#2
+ \else\ignorespaces#1\unskip\enspace\ignorespaces#2\fi
+ \vskip10pt}%
+ \dimen0=\pagetotal\advance\dimen0 by-\pageshrink
+ \ifdim\dimen0<\pagegoal
+ \dimen0=\ht0\advance\dimen0 by\dp0\advance\dimen0 by
+ 3\normalbaselineskip
+ \advance\dimen0 by\pagetotal
+ \ifdim\dimen0>\pagegoal\eject\fi\fi
+ \noindent
+ \if!#1!\ignorespaces#2
+ \else\ignorespaces#1\unskip\enspace\ignorespaces#2\fi
+ \vskip8pt plus4pt minus4pt\egroup
+ \nobreak
+ \parindent=0pt
+ \everypar={\global\parindent=\oldparindent
+ \global\let\lasttitle=N\global\everypar={}}%
+ \global\let\lasttitle=B%
+ \ignorespaces}
+%------------------------------------------------------
+ % Beginn Ueberschrift 3. Ordnung
+ \def\titlec#1{\if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-\baselineskip
+ \fi
+ \vskip18pt plus 4pt minus4pt
+ \bgroup
+\textfont0=\tenbf \scriptfont0=\sevenbf \scriptscriptfont0=\fivebf
+\textfont1=\tams \scriptfont1=\tamss \scriptscriptfont1=\tbmss
+ \bf
+ \noindent
+ \ignorespaces#1\unskip\ \egroup
+ \ignorespaces}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % Beginn Ueberschrift 4. Ordnung
+ \def\titled#1{\if N\lasttitle\else\vskip-\baselineskip
+ \fi
+ \vskip12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt
+ \bgroup
+ \it
+ \noindent
+ \ignorespaces#1\unskip\ \egroup
+ \ignorespaces}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\let\ts=\thinspace
+\def\footnoterule{\kern-3pt\hrule width 2true cm\kern2.6pt}
+% Fussnoten-macros
+\newcount\footcount \footcount=0
+\def\advftncnt{\advance\footcount by1\global\footcount=\footcount}
+% Automatisch numerierte Fussnote, Fussnotentex in petit
+\def\fonote#1{\advftncnt$^{\the\footcount}$\begingroup\petit
+\parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil
+\def\textindent##1{\hangindent0.5\oldparindent\noindent\hbox
+to0.5\oldparindent{##1\hss}\ignorespaces}%
+\vfootnote{$^{\the\footcount}$}{#1\vskip-9.69pt}\endgroup}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\item#1{\par\noindent
+\hangindent6.5 mm\hangafter=0
+\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\itemitem#1{\par\noindent
+\hangindent11.5 mm\hangafter=0
+\llap{#1\enspace}\ignorespaces}
+%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\newenvironment#1#2#3#4{\long\def#1##1##2{\removelastskip
+\vskip\baselineskip\noindent{#3#2\if!##1!.\else\unskip\ \ignorespaces
+##1\unskip\fi\ }{#4\ignorespaces##2}\vskip\baselineskip}}
+% Lemma, Proposition, Theorem, Corollary
+\newenvironment\lemma{Lemma}{\bf}{\it}
+\newenvironment\proposition{Proposition}{\bf}{\it}
+\newenvironment\theorem{Theorem}{\bf}{\it}
+\newenvironment\corollary{Corollary}{\bf}{\it}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+% Example, Exercise, Problem, Solution, Definition
+\newenvironment\example{Example}{\it}{\rm}
+\newenvironment\exercise{Exercise}{\bf}{\rm}
+\newenvironment\problem{Problem}{\bf}{\rm}
+\newenvironment\solution{Solution}{\bf}{\rm}
+\newenvironment\definition{Definition}{\bf}{\rm}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+%Note, Question
+\newenvironment\note{Note}{\it}{\rm}
+\newenvironment\question{Question}{\it}{\rm}
+%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+%Proof, Remark
+\long\def\remark#1{\removelastskip\vskip\baselineskip\noindent{\it
+Remark.\ }\ignorespaces}
+\long\def\proof#1{\removelastskip\vskip\baselineskip\noindent{\it
+Proof\if!#1!\else\ \ignorespaces#1\fi.\ }\ignorespaces}
+%------------------------------------------------------------------
+\def\typeset{\petit\noindent This article was processed by the author
+using the \TeX\ macro package from Springer-Verlag.\par}
+\outer\def\byebye{\bigskip\bigskip\typeset
+\footcount=1\ifx\speciali\undefined\else
+\loop\smallskip\noindent special character No\number\footcount:
+\csname special\romannumeral\footcount\endcsname
+\advance\footcount by 1\global\footcount=\footcount
+\ifnum\footcount<11\repeat\fi
+\vfill\supereject\end}
diff --git a/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.dem b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.dem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a989acf3a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.dem
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+% This is JNS.DEM the demonstration file of
+% the plain TeX macro package from Springer-Verlag
+% for the Journal of Nonlinear Science
+% version of 16 July 1990
+\def\12{{1\ov 2}}
+\def\al{\alpha}
+\def\Aun{A_\un}
+\def\aun{a_\un}
+\def\bullet{\cdot}
+\def\Bun{B_\un}
+\def\bun{b_\un}
+\def\de{\delta}
+\def\dx{\dot x}
+\def\ep{\epsilon}
+\def\fa{\forall}
+\def\for{{\rm for}}
+\def\Lai{\Lambda}
+\def\lb{\left[}
+\def\lg{\left\{}
+\def\degr{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
+\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
+\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
+\def\liminfuu{{\rm lim inf}$\,$}
+\def\liminfu{\mathop{\vphantom{\tst\sum}\hbox{\liminfuu}}}
+\def\limsupuu{{\rm lim sup}$\,$}
+\def\limsupu{\mathop{\vphantom{\tst\sum}\hbox{\limsupuu}}}
+\def\lr{\left(}
+\def\lss{\left\|}
+\def\Min{{\rm Min\,}}
+\def\NN{\bbbn}
+\def\ol{\overline}
+\def\om{\omega}
+\def\ov{\over}
+\def\rb{\right]}
+\def\rg{\right\}}
+\def\RRn{\bbbr^{2n}}
+\def\RR{\bbbr}
+\def\rr{\right)}
+\def\rss{\right\|}
+\def\sm{\setminus}
+\def\tst{\textstyle}
+\def\tx{\wt x}
+\def\un{\infty}
+\def\wt{\widetilde}
+\def\ZZ{\bbbz}
+\ifx\BlankIsSpace\undefined % <| Is this file
+\input jns.cmm %<---| called by
+\else\vfill\eject\pageno=26\relax %<---|
+\def\ident{Macro Package for Authors %<---| JNS.DOC
+Coding with Plain\TeX{} -- %<---|
+Demonstration File}\let\INS=N %<---| or
+\let\speciali=\undefined\fi %<| standalone?
+%
+\maintitle{Haupttitel 14pt halbfett/Title boldface -- 14/16}
+\mainrunning{Expression of Cellular Oncogenes}
+\subtitle{Untertitel 10pt halbfett/Subtitle boldface -- 10/11}
+
+\author{Ivar Ekeland@{1} and Roger Temam@{2}}
+\authorrunning{R. M\"uller}
+
+\address{@1Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
+@2Universit\'e de Paris-Sud,
+Laboratoire d'Analyse Num\'erique, B\^atiment 425,\newline
+F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France}
+
+\received{June 5, 1989}
+
+\summary{A new variant of the multi-grid algorithms is presented. It
+uses multiple coarse-grid corrections with particularly associated
+prolongations and restrictions. In this paper the robustness with
+respect to anisotropic problems is considered.}
+
+\keywords{multi-grid method -- coarse--grid correction --
+singular perturbation -- robustness.}
+
+\titlea{1.}{The Anisotropic Equation and Standard Multi-Grid Methods}
+\titleb{1.1.}{Introduction}
+Multi-grid methods are known as very fast solvers of a large class of
+discretised partial differential equations. However, the multi-grid
+method cannot be understood as a fixed algorithm. Usually, the
+components of the multi-grid iteration have to be adapted to the given
+problem and sometimes the problems are modified in order to make them
+acceptable for multi-grid methods. In particular, the smoothing
+iteration is the most delicated part of the multi-grid process.
+
+An iteration is called a {\it robust} one, if it works for a sufficient
+large class of problems. Attempts have been made to construct robust
+multi-grid iterations by means of sophisticated smoothing processes\dots
+\vfil\eject
+With this chapter, the preliminaries are over, and we begin the search
+for periodic solutions to Hamiltonian systems. All this will be done in
+the convex case; that is, we shall study the boundary-value problem
+$$\eqalign{\dot x &= JH' (t,x)\cr x(0) &= x(T)\cr}$$
+with $H(t,\bullet )$ a convex function of $x$, going to $+\un$ when
+$\lss x\rss \to \un$.
+
+\titleb{1.2.}{Autonomous Systems}
+In this section, we will consider the case when the Hamiltonian $H(x)$
+is autonomous. For the sake of simplicity, we shall also assume that it
+is $C^1$.
+
+We shall first consider the question of nontriviality, within the
+general framework of $\lr \Aun , \Bun\rr$-subquadratic Hamiltonians. In
+the second subsection, we shall look into the special case when $H$ is
+$\lr 0,\bun\rr$-subquadratic, and we shall try to derive additional
+information.
+\titlec{ The General Case: Nontriviality.}
+We assume that $H$ is $\lr \Aun , \Bun \rr$-sub\-qua\-dra\-tic at infinity,
+for some constant symmetric matrices $\Aun$ and $\Bun$, with $\Bun
+-\Aun$ positive definite. Set:
+$$\eqalignno{
+\gamma :& = {\rm smallest\ eigenvalue\ of}\ \ \Bun - \Aun & (1)\cr
+\lambda : & = {\rm largest\ negative\ eigenvalue\ of}\ \ J {d\ov dt} +\Aun\
+. & (2)\cr}$$
+
+Theorem 21 tells us that if $\lambda +\gamma < 0$, the boundary-value
+problem:
+$$\eqalign{ \dx &= JH' (x)\cr
+x(0) &= x (T)\cr}\eqno(3)$$
+has at least one solution $\ol x$, which is found by minimizing the dual
+action functional:
+$$ \psi (u) = \int_o^T \lb \12 \lr \Lai_o^{-1} u,u\rr + N^\ast (-u)\rb
+dt\eqno(4)$$
+on the range of $\Lai$, which is a subspace $R (\Lai )\sb L^2$ with
+finite codimension. Here
+$$ N(x) := H(x) - \12 \lr \Aun x,x\rr\eqno(5)$$
+is a convex function, and
+$$ N(x) \le \12 \lr \lr \Bun - \Aun\rr x,x\rr + c\ \ \ \fa x\
+.\eqno(6)$$
+
+\proposition{ 1.} { Assume $H'(0)=0$ and $ H(0)=0$. Set:
+$$ \de := \liminfu_{x\to 0} 2 N (x) \lss x\rss^{-2}\ .\eqno(7)$$
+
+If $\gamma < - \lambda < \de$, the solution $\ol u$ is non-zero:
+$$ \ol x (t) \ne 0\ \ \ \fa t\ .\eqno(8)$$}
+\proof{} Condition (7) means that, for every $\de ' > \de$, there is
+some $\ep > 0$ such that
+$$ \lss x\rss \le \ep \Rightarrow N (x) \le {\de '\ov 2} \lss x\rss^2\
+.\eqno(9)$$
+
+It is an exercise in convex analysis, into which we shall not go, to
+show that this implies that there is an $\eta > 0$ such that
+$$ f\lss x\rss \le \eta \Rightarrow N^\ast (y) \le {1\ov 2\de '} \lss
+y\rss^2\ .\eqno(10)$$
+
+\begfig 1.5cm
+\figure{1}{This is the caption of the figure displaying a white eagle
+and a white horse on a snow field}
+\endfig
+
+Since $u_1$ is a smooth function, we will have $\lss hu_1\rss_\un \le
+\eta$ for $h$ small enough, and inequality (10) will hold, yielding
+thereby:
+$$ \psi (hu_1) \le {h^2\ov 2} {1\ov \lambda} \lss u_1 \rss_2^2 + {h^2\ov 2}
+{1\ov \de '} \lss u_1\rss^2\ .\eqno(11)$$
+
+If we choose $\de '$ close enough to $\de$, the quantity $\lr {1\ov \lambda}
++ {1\ov \de '}\rr$ will be negative, and we end up with
+$$ \psi (hu_1) < 0\ \ \ \ \ \for\ \ h\ne 0\ \ {\rm small}\ .\eqno(12)$$
+
+On the other hand, we check directly that $\psi (0) = 0$. This shows
+that 0 cannot be a minimizer of $\psi$, not even a local one. So $\ol u
+\ne 0$ and $\ol u \ne \Lai_o^{-1} (0) = 0$. \qed
+
+\corollary{ 2.} { Assume $H$ is $C^2$ and $\lr \aun
+,\bun\rr$-subquadratic at infinity. Let
+$\xi_1,\allowbreak\dots,\allowbreak\xi_N$ be the
+equilibria, that is, the solutions of $H' (\xi ) = 0$. Denote by $\om_k$
+the smallest eigenvalue of $H'' \lr \xi_k\rr$, and set:
+$$ \om : = \Min \lg \om_1 , \dots , \om_k\rg\ .\eqno(13)$$
+If:
+$$ {T\ov 2\pi} \bun < - E \lb - {T\ov 2\pi}\aun\rb < {T\ov
+2\pi}\om\eqno(14)$$
+then minimization of $\psi$ yields a non-constant $T$-periodic solution
+$\ol x$.}
+We recall once more that by the integer part $E [\al ]$ of $\al \in
+\RR$, we mean the $a\in \ZZ$ such that $a< \al \le a+1$. For instance,
+if we take $\aun = 0$, Corollary 2 tells us that $\ol x$ exists and is
+non-constant provided that:
+$$ {T\ov 2\pi} \bun < 1 < {T\ov 2\pi}\eqno(15)$$
+or
+$$ T\in \lr {2\pi\ov \om},{2\pi\ov \bun}\rr\ .\eqno(16)$$
+\proof{} The spectrum of $\Lai$ is ${2\pi\ov T} \ZZ +\aun$. The
+largest negative eigenvalue $\lambda$ is given by ${2\pi\ov T}k_o +\aun$,
+where
+$$ {2\pi\ov T}k_o + \aun < 0\le {2\pi\ov T} (k_o +1) + \aun\
+.\eqno(17)$$
+Hence:
+$$ k_o = E \lb - {T\ov 2\pi} \aun\rb \ .\eqno(18)$$
+
+The condition $\gamma < -\lambda < \de$ now becomes:
+$$ \bun - \aun < - {2\pi\ov T} k_o -\aun < \om -\aun\eqno(19)$$
+which is precisely condition (14).\qed
+
+\lemma {3.} { Assume that $H$ is $C^2$ on $\RRn \sm \{ 0\}$ and
+that $H'' (x)$ is non-degenerate for any $x\ne 0$. Then any local
+minimizer $\tx$ of $\psi$ has minimal period $T$.}
+\proof{} We know that $\tx$, or $\tx + \xi$ for some constant $\xi
+\in \RRn$, is a $T$-periodic solution of the Hamiltonian system:
+$$ \dx = JH' (x)\ .\eqno(20)$$
+
+There is no loss of generality in taking $\xi = 0$. So $\psi (x) \ge
+\psi (\tx )$ for all $\tx$ in some neighbourhood of $x$ in $W^{1,2} \lr
+\RR / T\ZZ ; \RRn\rr$.
+
+But this index is precisely the index $i_T (\tx )$ of the $T$-periodic
+solution $\tx$ over the interval $(0,T)$, as defined in Sect.~2.6. So
+$$ i_T (\tx ) = 0\ .\eqno(21)$$
+
+Now if $\tx$ has a lower period, $T/k$ say, we would have, by Corollary
+31:
+$$ i_T (\tx ) = i_{kT/k}(\tx ) \ge ki_{T/k} (\tx ) + k-1 \ge k-1 \ge
+1\ .\eqno(22)$$
+
+This would contradict (21), and thus cannot happen.\qed
+\titled{Notes and Comments.} The results in this section are a
+refined
+version of [CE1]; the minimality result of Proposition 14 was the first
+of its kind.
+
+To understand the nontriviality conditions, such as the one in formula
+(16), one may think of a one-parameter family $x_T$, $T\in \lr
+2\pi\om^{-1}, 2\pi \bun^{-1}\rr$ of periodic solutions, $x_T (0) = x_T
+(T)$, with $x_T$ going away to infinity when $T\to 2\pi \om^{-1}$, which
+is the period of the linearized system at 0.
+\vskip8 true mm
+\tabcap{1}{Observational results from NGC 4827}
+\vbox{\petit\hrule\smallskip
+\vbox{\halign{\enspace#\hfil\enspace&&#\hfil\enspace\cr
+&&\multispan3{RA (1950)}\hfil&\ &\multispan3{Dec (1950)}\hfil
+ & $S$ & Pol & \% & $\log P$\cr
+\noalign{\vskip-2mm}
+&&\multispan3\hrulefill\quad&&\multispan3\hrulefill\quad&&\cr
+\noalign{\vskip-0.5mm}
+ & &(h) &(m) & (s) & & (\degr) & (\arcmin) & (\arcsec)
+ & (mJy) & (mJy) & & (W Hz$^{-1}$)\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\noalign{\hrule}
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+Core & (5 GHz) & 12 & 54 & 18.0 & & 27 & 26 & 56.2
+ & 8 & & & 21.64 \cr
+Total&(327 MHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 210 & & & 23.13 \cr
+ &(1.4 GHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 57 & 1.3 & 2 & 22.49 \cr
+ & (5 GHz) & & & & & & &
+ & 26 & 0.73 & 3 & 22.15 \cr}
+\smallskip\hrule}}
+\vskip 8 true mm
+
+\theorem{4 (Ghoussoub-Preiss).} { Assume $H(t,x)$ is
+$(0,\ep )$-subquadratic at
+infinity for all $\ep > 0$, and $T$-periodic in $t$
+$$ H (t,\bullet )\ \ \ \ \ {\rm is\ convex}\ \ \fa t\eqno(23)$$
+$$ H (\bullet ,x)\ \ \ \ \ {\rm is}\ \ T{\rm -periodic}\ \ \fa x
+\eqno(24)$$
+$$ H (t,x)\ge n\lr \lss x\rss\rr\ \ \ \ \ {\rm with}\ \ n (s)s^{-1}\to
+\un\ \ {\rm as}\ \ s\to \un\eqno(25)$$
+$$ \fa \ep > 0\ ,\ \ \ \exists c\ :\ H(t,x) \le {\ep\ov 2}\lss x\rss^2 +
+c\ .\eqno(26)$$
+
+Assume also that $H$ is $C^2$, and $H'' (t,x)$ is positive definite
+everywhere. Then there is a sequence $x_k$, $k\in \NN$, of $kT$-periodic
+solutions of the system
+$$ \dx = JH' (t,x)\eqno(27)$$
+such that, for every $k\in \NN$, there is some $p_o\in\NN$ with:
+$$ p\ge p_o\Rightarrow x_{pk} \ne x_k\ .\eqno(28)$$\qed}
+\example {1 {\rm(External forcing).}}{ Consider the system:
+$$ \dx = JH' (x) + f(t)\eqno(29)$$
+where the Hamiltonian $H$ is $\lr 0,\bun\rr$-subquadratic, and the
+forcing term is a distribution on the circle:
+$$ f = {d\ov dt} F + f_o\ \ \ \ \ {\rm with}\ \ F\in L^2 \lr \RR / T\ZZ
+; \RRn\rr\ ,\eqno(30)$$
+where $f_o : = T^{-1}\int_o^T f (t) dt$. For instance,
+$$ f (t) = \sum_{k\in \NN} \de_k \xi\ ,\eqno(31)$$
+where $\de_k$ is the Dirac mass at $t= k$ and $\xi \in \RRn$ is a
+constant, fits the prescription. This means that the system $\dx = JH'
+(x)$ is being excited by a series of identical shocks at interval $T$.}
+
+\definition{5.}{Let $A_\un (t)$ and $B_\un (t)$ be symmetric
+operators in $\RRn$, depending continuously on $t\in [0,T]$, such that
+$A_\un (t) \le B_\un (t)$ for all $t$.
+
+A Borelian function $H: [0,T]\times \RRn \to \RR$ is called $\lr A_\un
+,B_\un\rr$-{\it subquadratic at infinity} if there exists a function
+$N(t,x)$ such that:
+$$ H (t,x) = \12 \lr A_\un (t) x,x\rr + N(t,x)\eqno(32)$$
+$$ \fa t\ ,\ \ \ N(t,x)\ \ \ \ \ {\rm is\ convex\ with\ respect\ to}\
+\ x\eqno(33)$$
+$$ N(t,x) \ge n\lr \lss x\rss\rr\ \ \ \ \ {\rm with}\ \ n(s)s^{-1}\to
++\un\ \ {\rm as}\ \ s\to +\un\eqno(34)$$
+$$ \exists c\in \RR\ :\ \ \ H (t,x) \le \12 \lr B_\un (t) x,x\rr + c\ \
+\ \fa x\ .\eqno(35)$$
+}
+If $A_\un (t) = a_\un I$ and $B_\un (t) = b_\un I$, with $a_\un \le
+b_\un \in \RR$, we shall say that $H$ is $\lr a_\un
+,b_\un\rr$-subquadratic at infinity. As an example, the function $\lss x
+\rss^\al$, with $1\le \al < 2$, is $(0,\ep )$-subquadratic at infinity
+for every $\ep > 0$. Similarly, the Hamiltonian
+$$ H (t,x) = \12 k \lss k\rss^2 +\lss x\rss^\al\eqno(36)$$
+is $(k,k+\ep )$-subquadratic for every $\ep > 0$. Note that, if $k<0$,
+it is not convex.
+
+\titled{Notes and Comments.} The first results on subharmonics were
+obtained by Rabinowitz in [Ra1], who showed the existence of infinitely
+many subharmonics both in the subquadratic and superquadratic case, with
+suitable growth conditions on $H'$. Again the duality approach enabled
+Clarke and Ekeland in [CE2] to treat the same problem in the
+convex-subquadratic case, with growth conditions on $H$ only.
+
+Recently, Michalek and Tarantello (see [MT1] and [Ta1]) have obtained
+lower bound on the number of subharmonics of period $kT$, based on
+symmetry considerations and on pinching estimates, as in Sect.~5.2 of
+this article.
+\begref{References}{[MT1]}
+\refmark{[CE1]} Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.: Nonlinear oscillations and
+boundary-value problems for Hamiltonian systems. Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.
+{\bf 78} (1982) 315--333
+\refmark{[CE2]} Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.: Solutions p\'eriodiques, du
+p\'eriode donn\'ee, des \'equations hamiltoiennes. Note CRAS Paris {\bf
+287} (1978) 1013--1015
+\refmark{[MT1]} Michalek, R., Tarantello, G.: Subharmonic solutions with
+prescribed minimal period for nonautonomous Hamiltonian systems. J.
+Diff. Eq. {\bf 72} (1988) 28--55
+\refmark{[Ta1]} Tarantello, G.: Subharmonic solutions for Hamiltonian
+systems via a $\bbbz_p$ pseudoindex theory. Annali di Mathematica Pura
+(to appear)
+\refmark{[Ra1]} Rabinowitz, P.: On subharmonic solutions of a Hamiltonian
+system. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. {\bf 33} (1980) 609--633
+\endref
+\byebye
diff --git a/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.doc b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.doc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ea5a58cfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.doc
@@ -0,0 +1,1188 @@
+% This is JNS.DOC the documentation file of
+% the plain TeX macro package from Springer-Verlag
+% for the Journal of Nonlinear Science
+% version of 16 July 1990
+\input jns.cmm
+\def\degr{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
+\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
+\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
+\def\bs{\ifmmode\backslash\else$\backslash$\fi}
+\newdimen\einrueck\setbox0=\hbox{\kern6.5mm DATEX-P dial: }
+\einrueck=\wd0\relax
+\def\jtem#1{\par\hangindent\einrueck\hangafter=1\noindent\hbox
+to\einrueck{\kern6.5mm#1\hss}\ignorespaces}
+\chardef\other=12
+\def\BlankIsSpace{\def\blankmeaning{\space}}
+\def\BlankIsControlSpace{\def\blankmeaning{\ }}
+\def\BlankIsVisible{\def\blankmeaning{{\tt\char32}}}
+\def\theblankmeaning{\blankmeaning}
+{\obeyspaces\global\let =\theblankmeaning}
+\def\obeyspaces{\BlankIsSpace\catcode`\ =\active}
+{\catcode`\`=\active \gdef`{\relax\lq}}
+\def\setupverbatim{\begingroup\catcode`\\=\other \catcode`\{=\other
+ \catcode`\}=\other \catcode`\$=\other \catcode`\&=\other
+ \catcode`\#=\other \catcode`\%=\other \catcode`\~=\other
+ \catcode`\_=\other \catcode`\^=\other
+ \obeyspaces \tt}
+\def\doverbatim#1{\def\next##1#1{##1\endgroup}\next}
+\def\verb{\setupverbatim\doverbatim}
+\def\verbb{\setupverbatim\BlankIsVisible\doverbatim}
+{\catcode`\|=0 |catcode`|\=\other
+ |obeylines
+ |gdef|ttfinish#1\endtt{#1|strut|endgroup|smallskip}}
+\def\begintt{\strut\smallskip\let\par=\endgraf
+\setupverbatim\parindent=0pt\obeylines
+\parskip=0pt\catcode`\|=0 \ttfinish}
+\def\listing#1{\par\setupverbatim\obeylines\input#1 \endgroup}
+\def\ident{Macro Package for Authors Coding with Plain\TeX}
+\headline={\hfill}
+\let\header=N
+\output={\if N\header%gar nix
+\else\if F\header\headline={{\petit\rm \ifodd\pageno\hfil
+\folio\else\folio\hfil\fi}}
+\else\headline={{\petit\rm \ifodd\pageno\ident\hfil
+\folio\else\folio\hfil\ident\fi}}\fi\fi\plainoutput\global\let\header=Y
+\if Y\FIG\topinsert\unvbox\figbox\endinsert\global\let\FIG=N\fi}
+\def\leaderfill{\kern0.5em\leaders\hbox to 0.5em{\hss.\hss}\hfill\kern
+0.5em}
+\newdimen\chapindent
+\newdimen\sectindent
+\newdimen\subsecindent
+\newdimen\thousand
+\setbox0=\hbox{\bf 10. }\chapindent=\wd0\advance\chapindent by-4true pt
+\setbox0=\hbox{10.10 }\sectindent=\wd0\advance\sectindent by-4true pt
+\setbox0=\hbox{10.10.1 }\subsecindent=\wd0
+\advance\subsecindent by-4true pt
+\setbox0=\hbox{\enspace 100}\thousand=\wd0
+%
+\def\conttitlea#1#2#3{\if N\lasttitle\if!#1!\else\vskip8true pt\fi
+\fi\let\lasttitle=N\line{\hbox to
+\chapindent{\strut\bf#1\hss}{\textfont1=\tams
+\scriptfont1=\tamss\scriptscriptfont1=\tbmss\bf#2}%
+\if!#3!\hfill\else\leaderfill\hbox to\thousand{\hss#3}\fi}}
+%
+\def\conttitleb#1#2#3{\line{\kern\chapindent\hbox
+to\sectindent{\strut#1\hss}{#2}%
+\if!#3!\hfill\else\leaderfill\hbox to\thousand{\hss#3}\fi}\par}
+%
+\def\conttitlec#1#2#3{\line{\kern\chapindent\kern\sectindent
+\hbox to\subsecindent{\strut#1\hss}{#2}%
+\if!#3!\hfill\else\leaderfill\hbox to\thousand{\hss#3}\fi}\par}
+\def\LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\petit A}\kern-.15em
+ T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}%
+\def\AmSTeX{{\tensy A}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox
+ {\tensy M}\kern-.125em{\tensy S}-\TeX}
+\font \titelfont = cmr10 scaled\magstep3
+\font \titelbffont = cmbx10 scaled\magstep4%at 20true pt
+\font \titelbigfont = cmr10 scaled\magstep5%at 24true pt
+{\parindent=0pt\titelbffont
+Macro Package for\medskip
+\leftline{Authors Coding with Plain\TeX}
+\vskip2.2cm
+\hrule height1pt\bigskip\bigskip
+\rightline{\vbox{\titelbigfont\hbox{The Journal of}\bigskip
+\hbox{Nonlinear Science}}}
+\bigskip\bigskip\hrule height1pt
+\vfil
+\rightline{\vbox{\titelfont\hbox{Springer-Verlag}\bigskip
+\hbox{New \kern-4pt Y\kern-2pt ork Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo}
+\smallskip\vskip1true mm
+\hbox{London Paris Hong \kern-3pt Kong}}}\eject}%
+\titlea{}{For further information please contact us:}
+\noindent\hbox to6.5mm{$\bullet$\hfil}{\bf Springer-Verlag
+New \kern-3pt York}
+\vskip0.5\baselineskip
+\jtem{Springer-Verlag} New \kern-2pt York, 175 Fifth Avenue,\newline
+New \kern-2pt York, New \kern-2pt York 10010 USA
+\vskip0.5\baselineskip
+\jtem{Telex:} 232235
+\jtem{Fax:} (212)437-6272
+\jtem{Editorial:} (Mon--Fr; preferably between 9 a.m.
+ and 4 p.m. --\newline
+ Eastern Standard Time)\newline
+ Telephone (212)460-1565
+\jtem{net-address:} TROWBRIDGE@COMPUSERVE.COM
+\vskip0.5\baselineskip
+\noindent\hbox to6.5mm{$\bullet$\hfil}{\bf Springer-Verlag Heidelberg}
+\vskip0.5\baselineskip
+\item{}Springer-Verlag, Postfach 105280, D-6900 Heidelberg 1, FRG
+\vskip0.5\baselineskip
+\jtem{DATEX-P dial:} FRG 456 221 4305
+If you do not yet have an account, press RETURN
+when asked for your name; then simply leave a message.
+The file name should be your name and country
+or state, e.g.\ smith-texas
+\jtem{Telex:} 461723
+\jtem{Telefax:} (06221)43982
+\jtem{Editorial:} (Mon--Fr; preferably between 9 a.m.
+and\newline 4 p.m. - European local time),\newline Telephone
+(0049)(0)6221-487534
+\item{}\TeX{}nical information (Mon--Fri; preferably between\newline
+9 a.m. and 1 p.m. -- European local time):\newline
+Telephone (0049)(0)6221-487478
+\jtem{bitnet:} SPRINGER@DHDSPRI6
+\bigskip\hrule
+\titlea{}{Mailing address for your disk/magnetic tape and output:}
+{\leftskip=\oldparindent
+Springer-Verlag New \kern-2pt York, Inc.\newline
+175 Fifth Avenue,\newline
+New \kern-2pt York, New \kern-2pt York 10010 USA
+\medskip}
+The following formats are acceptable: 5.25$^{\prime\prime}$ diskette
+MS-DOS, 5.25$^{\prime\prime}$ CP/M, 3.5$^{\prime\prime}$ diskette
+MS-DOS, 3.5$^{\prime\prime}$ diskette Apple MacIntosh, 9-track 1600
+bpi magnetic tape VAX/VMS, 9-track 1600 bpi magnetic tape ANSI with
+label, 9-track 1600 bpi magnetic tape, SUN-Streamer Tape.
+
+Once you have completed your work using this macro package, please
+submit your own printout of the {\it final version together with the
+disk or magnetic tape}, containing your \TeX{} input (source) file
+and the final DVI-file and make sure that the text is {\it identical in
+both cases.}
+
+Contributions coded with \TeX{} but not with the JNS style, cannot be
+accepted for electronic processing; they will be typeset in the
+conventional way.
+\vfill\eject
+\titlea{}{Table of Contents}
+\conttitlea{1}{Introduction}{4}
+\conttitlea{2}{General Remarks}{4}
+\vskip2truept
+\conttitleb{2.1}{How to Proceed}{4}
+\conttitleb{2.2}{Contributions Coded with Plain\TeX{} without the}{}
+\conttitleb{}{Springer-Verlag \TeX{} Macro Package}{4}
+\conttitleb{2.3}{Problems with PC \TeX}{5}
+\conttitleb{2.4}{General Rules for Coding Mathematics}{5}
+\conttitlec{2.4.1}{Italic and Roman in Math Mode}{6}
+\conttitleb{2.5}{Capitalization and Non-capitalization in the}{}
+\conttitleb{}{Input (Source) File}{6}
+\conttitleb{2.6}{Abbreviations of Words in the Input (Source) File}{6}
+\conttitlea{3}{How to Handle Your Contribution}{7}
+\conttitlea{4}{How to Code}{7}
+\vskip2truept
+\conttitleb{4.1}{Headings}{7}
+\conttitlec{4.1.1}{Defining Your Own Environments}{9}
+\conttitleb{4.2}{Text}{13}
+\conttitleb{4.3}{Special Typefaces}{13}
+\conttitleb{4.4}{Footnotes}{14}
+\conttitleb{4.5}{Lists}{14}
+\conttitleb{4.6}{Figures}{15}
+\conttitlec{4.6.1}{Two Figures Next to Each Other}{16}
+\conttitlec{4.6.2}{Modified Legend Arrangements}{17}
+\conttitleb{4.7}{Tables}{18}
+\conttitlec{4.7.1}{Tables Coded with \TeX{}}{18}
+\conttitlec{4.7.2}{Tables Not Coded with \TeX{}}{19}
+\conttitleb{4.8}{Signs and Special Characters}{19}
+\conttitlec{4.8.1}{Special Signs}{19}
+\conttitlec{4.8.2}{Gothic (Fraktur)}{20}
+\conttitlec{4.8.3}{Script}{20}
+\conttitlec{4.8.4}{Special Roman}{20}
+\conttitlec{4.8.5}{Sans Serif}{20}
+\conttitlec{4.8.6}{Invented Characters}{20}
+\conttitlea{5}{How to Code References}{21}
+\vskip2truept
+\conttitleb{5.1}{Author--Year System}{21}
+\conttitleb{5.2}{References by Number Only and
+by Letter--Number}{22}
+\conttitleb{5.3}{Examples}{22}
+\conttitlea{6}{Demonstration File}{26}
+\vfill\eject
+\titlea{1.}{Introduction}
+Authors wishing to code their contribution for the
+\medskip
+\centerline{\it Journal of Nonlinear Science,}
+\medskip\noindent
+with \TeX{}, as well as those who have already coded with \TeX{}, will
+be provided with macros that will give the text the desired layout.
+Using the macros will ease considerably your coding with \TeX.{} Authors
+are requested to adhere strictly to these instructions; {\it the macros
+must not be changed}.
+
+The text output area is 12.2\ts cm horizontal and 19.4\ts cm vertical;
+excluding running heads.
+\titlea {2.}{General Remarks}
+\titleb {2.1.}{How to Proceed}
+Please insert the enclosed diskette or tape into your computer. You will
+find the following files:
+\medskip
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxx&xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\+{\it jns.doc}&general instructions (this document)\cr
+\+{\it jns.amm}&the macro package with am-fonts (the old \TeX{} fonts)\cr
+\+{\it jns.cmm}&the macro package with cm-fonts (newer and preferable)\cr
+\+&(these are both macro files and
+should not be changed)\cr
+\+{\it jns.dem}&an example showing how to code the
+text\cr
+\smallskip
+Please insert at the beginning of your text file (also called
+input or source file) the macro file with:
+\medskip\noindent
+\verb|\input jns.amm| or \newline
+\verb|\input jns.cmm| (preferable).
+\medskip
+Now some settings will be carried out automatically: for example, the
+horizontal and vertical sizes, the page layout, the running heads and
+other features. Some of \TeX's internal variables are changed.
+\titleb{2.2.}{Contributions Already Coded with Plain\TeX{} without the
+\newline Springer-Verlag \TeX{} Macro Package}
+If your file already contains \TeX\ coding,
+then:
+\item{--\kern2.5true mm} you will need to replace some of {\it your\/}
+\TeX{} commands by {\it our\/} codes listed in section {\it 4 How to
+Code};
+\item{--\kern2.5true mm} you need only to insert \verb|\input jns.cmm|
+to get the desired page layout and fonts if your layout is close to the
+one you can see in our demonstration file. It is most important to
+change your macros for the headings (see \verb|\titlea| \dots). Making
+further improvements by using more of our macros is still better.
+\titled{Very important:} If your text or your own macros contain layout
+codes such as \verb|\hsize|, \verb|\goodbreak|, \verb|\eject| and
+\verb|\magnification|, or special fonts, these should be taken out.
+(There may nevertheless be exceptional occasions on which to use some of
+them.)
+
+If you have your {\it own macros\/} or definitions, insert them {\it
+before\/} the call \verb|\input jns.cmm|, so that some of them may be
+replaced or tailored according to Springer style. Please put in
+sufficient comments with your macros to help us understand them.
+\titleb {2.3.}{Problems with PC \TeX{} }
+In PC \TeX{} the default memory capacity is not sufficient to
+accommodate our fonts. To cope with this problem, invoke \TeX{} with the
+following command:\newline
+{\tt tex myfile.tex /f=26000 /m=65000}
+\titleb {2.4.}{General Rules for Coding Mathematics}
+For mathematical expressions and tables please follow Plain\TeX\ from
+{\it The \TeX{}book\/} by Donald E. Knuth (1986), Addison-Wesley
+Publishing Company (a comprehensive general reference).
+
+In the case of long equations in the text (enclosed in single $\$ $)
+that extend beyond the type area (12.2\ts cm), insert an
+\verb|\allowbreak| where the equation can be divided. For displayed
+equations (enclosed in \verb|$$|) please refer to Section {\it 3.\ts
+Long Formulas\/} in Chap.\ts 19, p. 195 of {\it The \TeX{}book}.
+
+Equations should be numbered consecutively throughout your contribution
+e.g. (1), (2) etc., on the right-hand side. Place e.g. \verb|\eqno(1)|
+etc. as the last item in a displayed (\verb|$$|) equation.
+
+If you include elements of ordinary text in math mode, please enclose
+them in \verb|\hbox{\rm text}|, e.g.
+\medskip\noindent
+{\it Input }
+\begintt $$\left({a^2 + b^2 \over c^2}\right)^2 = 1 \quad\hbox{\rm
+only when}\quad c\neq 0\enspace .\eqno (1)$$ \endtt
+\medskip\noindent
+{\it Output }
+$$\left({a^2 + b^2 \over c^2}\right)^2 = 1 \quad\hbox{\rm
+only when}\quad c\neq 0\enspace .\eqno (1)$$
+
+Please note that the sizes of the parentheses or other so-called
+delimiter symbols used in equations should ideally match the formulas
+they enclose (see p.\ts 145\ts ff. of {\it The \TeX{}book}).
+
+After a displayed equation you have to insert a blank line or to give
+the command \verb|\par| if you want a new paragraph with an indention.
+If there is no new paragraph either do not insert a blank line or code
+\verb|\noindent| immediately before continuing the text.
+
+Please punctuate a displayed equation the same way as any other written
+statement but with an \verb|\enspace| before end punctuation.
+\vfill\eject
+\titlec{2.4.1.\enspace Italic and Roman in Math Mode}
+\vskip0.5\baselineskip
+\item{a)}In math mode \TeX{} treats all letters as though
+they were mathematical or physical variables, hence they are typeset in
+italics. However, for certain components of formulas, like short texts,
+this would be incorrect and therefore coding in roman is required.
+Roman should also be used for
+subscripts and superscripts {\it in formulas\/} where these are
+merely labels and not in themselves variables,
+e.g.\ $T_{\rm eff}$ \ not \ $T_{eff}$,
+$T_{\rm K}$ \ not \ $T_K$ (K = Kelvin),
+$m_{\rm e}$ \ not \ $m_e$ (e = electron).
+However, do not code for roman
+if the sub/superscripts represent variables,
+e.g.\ $\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}$.
+\item{b)}Please ensure that {\it physical units\/} (e.g.\ pc, erg
+s$^{-1}$ K, cm$^{-3}$, W m$^{-2}$ Hz$^{-1}$, m kg s$^{-2}$ A$^{-2}$) and
+{\it abbreviations\/} such as Ord, Var, GL, SL, Aut, Ker, sgn, const.\
+are always set in roman type. To ensure this use the \verb|\rm| command:
+\verb|{\rm Hz}|. On p.\ts 162 of {\it The \TeX{}book\/} by Donald
+E.~Knuth you will find the names of common mathe\-matical functions,
+such as log, sin, exp, max and sup. These should be coded as
+\verb|\log|, \verb|\sin|, \verb|\exp|, \verb|\max|, \verb|\sup| and will
+appear in roman.
+\item{c)}
+Chemical symbols and formulas should be coded for roman,
+e.g.\ Fe not $Fe$, H$_2$O not {\it H$_2$O\/}.
+\item{d)} Familiar foreign words and phrases, e.g. et al., a priori,
+in situ, brems\-strah\-lung, eigenvalues should appear also in roman.
+\titleb {2.5.}{Capitalization and Non-capitalization in the Input
+(Source) File}
+\item {a)} The following should always be capitalized:
+\itemitem {--} Headings [see {\it 4.1 Headings}]
+\itemitem {--} Abbreviations and expressions in the text such as
+Fig(s)., Table(s), Sect(s)., Chap(s)., Theorem, Corollary, Definition
+etc. when used with numbers, e.g. Fig.\ts 3, Table\ts 1, Theorem 2.
+\item{} Please see below the special rules for referring to equations.
+\item {b)} The following should {\it not\/} be capitalized:
+\itemitem {--} The words figure(s), table(s), equation(s), theorem(s) in
+the text when used without an accompanying number
+\itemitem {--} Figure legends and table captions except for names and
+abbreviations.
+\titleb {2.6.} {Abbreviation of Words in the Input (Source) File}
+\item{a)} The following should be abbreviated in the text {\it unless\/}
+they come at the beginning of a sentence: Chap., Sect., Fig.; e.g. The
+results are shown in Fig.\ts 5. Figure 9 reveals that \dots . \newline
+{\it Please note\/}: Equations should be referred to solely by their
+number in parentheses: e.g. (14). However, when the reference comes at
+the beginning of a sentence, the unabbreviated word ``Equation'' should
+be used: e.g. Equation (14) is very important. However, (15) makes it
+clear that \dots .
+\item{b)} If abbreviations of names or concepts are used throughout the
+text, they should be defined at first mention, e.g. Plurisubharmonic
+(PSH) Functions, Strong Optimization (SOPT) Problem.
+\titlea {3.}{How to Handle Your Contribution}
+Once you have completed your work using this macro package, you should
+send your printout {\it together\/} with the disk or magnetic tape
+(concerning the acceptable formats see remark on p. 2) to the
+editorial (see address on p.2). Please make sure
+that the text of your printout and the disk or magnetic tape is {\it
+identical}.
+
+Your contribution should begin with the following coding
+(see {\it 4 How to Code}), and please adhere strictly to this sequence:
+\medskip
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\+\verb|\input ...|&your own macros if you have any \cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\input jns.cmm|&call for the macros and fonts\cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\maintitle{...}|&the title of your article\cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\subtitle{...}|&the subtitle of your article (it is
+optional)\cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\author{...}|&author(s) name(s)\cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\address{...}|&address(es) of the author(s)\cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\received{...}|&date of receipt of your article \cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\summary{...}| &text of the summary \cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\keywords{...}| &appropriate keywords \cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\titlea{...}{...}|&see {\it 4 How to Code} \cr
+\+\quad\vdots&\raise 1mm\hbox{(here goes the body of your article)}\cr
+\+\verb|\begref{...}{...}|&see {\it 5 How to Code References}\cr
+\titlea{4.}{How to Code}
+\titleb{4.1.} {Headings}
+No blank line should be left in the input between titles or headings and
+the following text. Otherwise you will get an indentation which is not
+allowed after a heading. If you want to structure the source text for
+easier reading please use lines that begin with a percent sign
+(\verb|%|) at such places.
+
+If a long title must be divided please use the code: \verb|\newline|.
+\begingroup\petit
+\parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil
+\def\textindent#1{\hangindent0.5\oldparindent\noindent\hbox
+to0.5\oldparindent{#1\hss}\ignorespaces}%
+\vfootnote{$^1$}{Other initials are optional and may be inserted if this
+is the usual way of writing your name, e.g. Alfred J.~Holmes, E.~Henry
+Green.}\endgroup
+
+All words in titles should be capitalized except for conjunctions,
+prepositions (e.g. on, of, by, and, or, but, from, with, without, under)
+and definite and indefinite articles (the, a, an) unless they appear at
+the beginning. Formula letters must be typeset as in the text.
+
+\smallskip{\parindent=0pt\obeylines
+\verb|\maintitle{<Your contribution title>}|
+\verb|\subtitle{<Your subtitle>}|, it is optional
+\verb|\author{<Your name including forename(s)|$^1$\verb| and surname>}|
+\verb|\address{<Your address including street name and postal code>}|
+\verb|\received{<Date of receipt of your manuscript>}|
+\verb|\summary{<The summary of your article>}|
+\verb|\keywords{<Key words for your contribution>}|
+\verb|\titlea{no.}{Text of first-order heading}|
+\verb|\titleb{no.}{Text of second-order heading}|
+\verb|\titlec{Text of third-order or bold run-in heading.}|
+\verb|\titled{Text of fourth-order or italic run-in heading.}|
+\verb|\begref{Your heading of References}{widest mark therein}|}
+\titled{In general:}
+If you need a heading without numbering, suppress the first argument
+(the number) by coding an empty pair of braces:
+\smallskip\noindent
+\verb|\title|$n$\verb|{}{Another title}|\qquad $n$ means {\tt a} or {\tt
+b} here.
+\smallskip
+The text elements of \verb|\titlea| and \verb|\titleb| have no end
+punctuation, but their preceding number as any other numbering of a
+section must be completed by a period. The text elements of
+\verb|\titlec|\enspace and \verb|\titled|\enspace require end
+punctuation.
+\titled{More than one author:}
+If there are more than one author, and the address of each is different,
+the following coding may be used to indicate by a small superscript
+number which author has which address (see also {\it jns.dem}):
+\begintt
+\author{Ivar Ekeland@1 and Roger Temam@2}
+\address{@1Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
+@2Universit\'e de Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d'Analyse Num\'erique,
+B\^atiment 425, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France}
+\endtt
+Note that \verb|\maintitle| and \verb|\author| will create the page
+header (running head), but it may happen that you need to shorten your
+title for the page header, because only one line is allowed (our macro
+will produce an error message whereupon you must provide a shortened
+version of the title for the page header). In this case you should use
+the following coding directly after the coding of \verb|\maintitle|
+or \verb|\author|.
+\smallskip
+\noindent\verb|\mainrunning{Abbreviated contribution title}|\newline
+\verb|\authorrunning{Abbreviated author}|
+\bigskip\noindent
+The following bold run-in headings with italicized text are available
+as built-in environments:
+\begintt
+\proposition{no.}{Text}
+\corollary{no.}{Text}
+\lemma{no.}{Text}
+\theorem{no.}{Text}
+|medskip
+|bgroup|rm The following will generally appear as italic run-in heading:|egroup|smallskip
+\proof{additional Text} Text \qed|vfill|eject
+|bgroup|rm Further italic or bold run-in headings may also occur:|egroup|smallskip
+\definition{no.}{Text}
+\example{no.}{Text}
+\remark{Text}
+\exercise{no.}{Text}
+\problem{no.}{Text}
+\solution{no.}{Text}
+\note{no.}{Text}
+\question{no.}{Text}\endtt\removelastskip
+\titlec{4.1.1.\enspace Defining Your Own Environments.}
+You can define additional environments like these using the command
+\verb|\newenvironment| which has four parameters. The first is the name
+your environment should have (e.g. \verb|\conjecture|). Then the run-in
+heading is to be given (e.g. \verb|Conjecture|). After this follows
+the font family used for this heading (please use only \verb|\bf|
+for bold or \verb|\it| for italic). Finally comes
+the font family to use for the text of this new environment (e.g.
+\verb|\it| or \verb|\rm|).
+
+\noindent Sample definition:
+\smallskip
+\verb|\newenvironment\conjecture {Conjecture} {\bf} {\it}|
+\newenvironment\conjecture {Conjecture} {\bf} {\it}
+\smallskip
+\noindent Use of that definition:
+\smallskip
+\verb|\conjecture{no.}{Text}| e.g. \verb|\conjecture{17.}{It is
+clear that...}|
+\smallskip
+\noindent It's output:
+\conjecture{17.}{It is clear that\dots}
+\noindent
+{\it Sample Input:}
+\begintt
+\maintitle{Hamiltonian Mechanics}
+\author{Ivar Ekeland@{1} and Roger Temam@{2}}
+\address{@1Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
+@2Universit\'e de Paris-Sud,
+Laboratoire d'Analyse Num\'erique, B\^atiment 425,\newline
+F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France}
+\received{June 5, 1989}
+\summary{A new variant of the multi-grid algorithms is presented.
+\dots\ to anisotropic problems is considered.}
+\keywords{multi-grid method -- coarse-grid correction --
+singular perturbation -- robustness.}
+\titlea{1.}{Fixed-Period Problems: The Sublinear Case}
+With this chapter, the preliminaries are over, and we begin the
+search for periodic solutions \dots
+\titleb{1.1.}{Autonomous Systems}
+In this section we will consider the case when the Hamiltonian
+$H(x)$ \dots
+\titlec{The General Case: Nontriviality.}
+We assume that $H$ is $(A_\infty, B_\infty)$-subqua\-dra\-tic at
+infinity, for some constant \dots
+\titled{Notes and Comments.}
+The chronology is as follows. Palais and Smale introduced their
+celebrated condition (PS) to extend \dots
+\proposition{1.}{Assume $H'(0)=0$ and $ H(0)=0$. Set \dots}
+\proof{of proposition.} Condition (8) means that, for every
+$\delta'>\delta$, there is some $\varepsilon>0$
+such that \dots \qed
+\example{1}{(External forcing). Consider the system \dots}
+\corollary{2.}{Assume $H$ is $C^2$ and $(a_\infty,
+b_\infty)$-subquadratic at infinity. Let \dots}
+\lemma{3.}{Assume that $H$ is $C^2$ on $\bbbr^{2n}\backslash\{0\}$
+and that $H''(x)$ is non-degenerate \dots}
+\theorem{4 \rm(Ghoussoub-Preiss).}{Let $X$ be a Banach Space and
+$\Phi:X\to\bbbr$ \dots}
+\definition{5.}{We shall say that a $C^1$ function
+$\Phi:X\to\bbbr$ satisfies \dots}
+\endtt
+\bigskip \noindent
+{\it Sample Output\/} (follows on the next two pages together with
+examples of the above run-in headings)
+\maintitle{Hamiltonian Mechanics}
+\author{Ivar Ekeland@{1} and Roger Temam@{2}}
+\address{@1Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
+@2Universit\'e de Paris-Sud,
+Laboratoire d'Analyse Num\'erique, B\^atiment 425,\newline
+F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France}
+\received{June 5, 1989}
+\summary{A new variant of the multi-grid algorithms is presented.
+\dots\ to anisotropic problems is considered.}
+\keywords{multi-grid method -- coarse-grid correction --
+singular perturbation -- robustness.}
+\titlea{1.}{Fixed-Period Problems: The Sublinear Case}
+With this chapter, the preliminaries are over, and we begin the
+search for periodic solutions \dots
+\titleb{1.1.}{Autonomous Systems}
+In this section we will consider the case when the Hamiltonian
+$H(x)$ \dots
+\titlec{The General Case: Nontriviality.}
+We assume that $H$ is $(A_\infty, B_\infty)$-subqua\-dra\-tic at
+infinity, for some constant \dots
+\titled{Notes and Comments.}
+The chronology is as follows. Palais and Smale introduced their
+celebrated condition (PS) to extend \dots
+\proposition{1.}{Assume $H'(0)=0$ and $ H(0)=0$. Set \dots}
+\proof{of proposition.} Condition (8) means that, for every
+$\delta'>\delta$, there is some $\varepsilon>0$
+such that \dots \qed
+\example{1}{(External forcing). Consider the system \dots}
+\corollary{2.}{Assume $H$ is $C^2$ and $(a_\infty,
+b_\infty)$-subquadratic at infinity. Let \dots}
+\lemma{3.}{Assume that $H$ is $C^2$ on $\bbbr^{2n}\backslash\{0\}$
+and that $H''(x)$ is non-degenerate \dots}
+\theorem{4 \rm(Ghoussoub-Preiss).}{Let $X$ be a Banach Space and
+$\Phi:X\to\bbbr$ \dots}
+\definition{5.}{We shall say that a $C^1$ function
+$\Phi:X\to\bbbr$ satisfies \dots}
+\bigskip\hrule\bigskip
+\noindent{\it This completes the demonstration output. We go on with the
+instructions.}
+\vfill\eject
+\titleb {4.2.}{Text}
+The following should be used to improve the readability of the
+text:\smallskip
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\+\verb|\ts|&a thin space, e.g. between numbers or
+between \cr
+\+&units and numbers; furthermore, a line division will\cr
+\+&not be made following this space\cr \smallskip
+\+{\tt -}&hyphen: one stroke, no space at either end\cr\smallskip
+\+{\tt --} & en-dash: two strokes ({\it without\/} a space at
+either end)\cr\smallskip
+\+&Please note: in \TeX{}, {\tt ---} gives an em-dash ``---'';\cr
+\+&Springer does not use this.\cr
+\+& Instead, please use the following:\cr
+\+{\tt\char'40 --\char'40} & en-dash: two strokes ({\it with\/}
+a space at either end)\cr\smallskip
+\+{\tt \$-\$}& minus: in the text {\it only}\cr
+\smallskip \bigskip\noindent
+\+{\it Input}
+ & \verb|21\ts $^{\circ}$C etc.,|\cr
+\+ & \verb|Dr h.\ts c.\ts Rockefellar-Smith \dots|\cr
+\+ & \verb|20,000\ts km and Prof.\ts Dr Mallory \dots|\cr
+\+ & \verb|1950--1985 \dots|\cr
+\+ & \verb|this -- written on a computer -- is now printed|\cr
+\+ & \verb|$-30$\ts K \dots|\cr
+\bigskip
+\+{\it Output}
+ & 21\ts $^{\circ}$C etc., Dr h.\ts c.\ts Rockefellar-Smith \dots\cr
+\+ & 20,000\ts km and Prof.\ts Dr Mallory \dots\cr
+\+ & 1950--1985 \dots\cr
+\+ & this -- written on a computer -- is now printed\cr
+\+ & $-30$\ts K \dots\cr
+\titleb{4.3.}{Special Typefaces}
+Normal type (roman) need not be marked. Preferably {\it italic\/} (not
+{\sl slanted}) or, if necessary, {\bf boldface} should be used to
+emphasize words and expressions.
+\smallskip\noindent
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
+&xxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\+\verb|{\it Text}|&{\it Text}\ \ \ (preferable)\cr
+\smallskip
+\+\verb|{\bf Text}|&{\bf Text}\cr\smallskip
+\+\verb|\begpet ...text...\endpet|&
+\vtop{\hbox to.6\hsize{\hsize=.6\hsize\vtop{\noindent \petit Paragraph
+in small print (petit) for passages in the text that the reader may skip
+on first reading or for exercises or sections of similar
+importance.}}}\cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\vec{Symbol}|& Vectors may only appear
+in math mode\cr
+\+&\verb|$\vec{A\times B\cdot C}$| yields
+$\vec{A\times B\cdot C}$\cr
+\+&or\quad \verb|$\vec{A^a B\hat D\tilde S}$|\quad yields\cr
+\+&$\vec{A^a B\hat D\tilde S}$ \cr
+\titleb {4.4.}{Footnotes}
+\line{\verb|\fonote{...text...}|\hfil Footnote within text
+({\it no\/} blank before \verb|\fonote|)}
+\smallskip\smallskip\noindent
+{\it Input}\smallskip\noindent
+Text with a footnote\verb|\fonote{The footnote
+is automatically numbered.}|
+and the text continues. You will find the footnote below.
+\smallskip\smallskip\noindent
+{\it Output}
+\smallskip\noindent
+Text with a footnote\fonote{The footnote is automatically numbered.}
+ and the text continues. You will find the footnote below.
+\smallskip \noindent
+{\it Remark\/}: Please avoid using footnotes in headings.
+\smallskip \smallskip \noindent
+\titleb{4.5.}{Lists}
+{{\it Input}}
+\begintt This is ordinary text extending over several lines and
+interrupted by a list. The text continues ...
+
+\medskip |bgroup|rm Do not forget to type |egroup\medskip
+\item {1.} |bgroup|rm Start of list and first item|egroup
+\item {2.} |bgroup|rm Second item in list|egroup
+\itemitem {a)} |bgroup|rm Start of subdivision and its first item|egroup
+\itemitem {b)} |bgroup|rm Second item in subdivision|egroup
+\item {n.} |bgroup|rm Item |it n |rm in list|egroup
+\medskip |bgroup|rm Do not forget to type |egroup\medskip
+
+The text continues...
+\endtt
+\noindent
+{\it Output}\medskip \smallskip\noindent
+This is ordinary text extending over several lines and
+interrupted by a list. The text continues \dots \medskip
+\item{1.}Start of list and first item
+\item{2.}Second item in list
+\itemitem{a)}Start of subdivision and its first item
+\itemitem{b)}Second item in subdivision
+\item{{\it n.}}Item {\it n\/} in list
+\medskip The text continues \dots
+\titleb{4.6.}{ Figures}
+Figure legends should be inserted at the end of (not in) the paragraph
+in which the figure is first mentioned. They should be numbered (using
+arabic numerals) sequentially throughout your contribution, as shown
+below.
+
+Figures should {\it never\/} be surrounded by text.
+
+{\it The figures\/} (line drawings and those containing halftone inserts
+as well as halftone figures) {\it should not be pasted into your
+laserprinter output}. They should be enclosed separately in camera-ready
+form (original artwork, glossy prints, photographs and/or slides). The
+lettering should be suitable for reproduction, and after reduction the
+capital letters should be at least 1.8\ts mm and not more than 2.5\ts mm
+in height. Check that lines and other details are uniformly black and
+that the lettering on figures is clearly legible.
+
+To leave the desired amount of space for the height of
+your figures,
+please use the following coding.
+As can be seen in the output, we will automatically
+provide 1\ts cm space above and below the figure,
+so that you should only leave the space corresponding to the size of the
+figure itself.
+\smallskip
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\+\verb|\begfig x cm|&Begin space of {\it x\/} cm (use only cm)\cr
+\+\verb|\figure{no.}{...text...}|&Figure legend\ \ (no
+capitalization, see Sect. 2.5)\cr
+\+\verb|\endfig|&End space\cr
+\bigskip\noindent
+{\it Sample Input} \smallskip
+\+\verbb|\begfig 1.5 cm|&(This is the space
+required for your figure)\cr
+\+\verb|\figure{1}{This is a figure legend}| \cr
+\+\verb|\endfig |\cr
+\bigskip\noindent
+{\it Output}
+\begfig 1.5 cm
+\figure{1}{This is a figure legend}
+\endfig
+The text continues \dots
+\vfill\eject
+\titlec {4.6.1.\enspace Two Figures Next to Each Other.}
+If you
+have two narrow figures that you
+want
+to insert side by side in one
+``paragraph",
+and if the total width is sufficient (type area 12.2\ts cm),
+ then, giving the height of the larger figure, please code:
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\bigskip\medskip\noindent
+{\it Sample Input} \smallskip\smallskip\smallskip
+\+\verbb|\begdoublefig 6.5 cm|&(This
+is the space required for the larger figure)\cr
+\+\verbb|\figure{1}{...text...} |
+&First figure legend (no capitalization, see Sect. 2.5)\cr
+\+\verbb|\figure{2}{...text...} |&Second figure legend\cr
+\+\verb|\enddoublefig|\cr
+\medskip\bigskip\medskip\noindent
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\noindent
+{\it Sample Output}
+\begdoublefig 6.5 cm
+\figure{1}{This is the first figure legend.
+The width of this legend
+is the same as for the second figure}
+\figure{2}{This is the legend of the second figure.
+At the present stage of macro development it is not possible for
+two figures side by side to have legends occupying different line
+widths}
+\enddoublefig
+The text continues \dots
+\vfill\eject
+\titlec {4.6.2.\enspace Modified Legend Arrangements.}
+If the amount of text in the legends of two figures
+(to be placed side by side)
+is quite different,
+please use the following coding:
+\bigskip\noindent
+{\it Sample Input}
+\bigskip
+\+\verbb|\begfig 5.3 cm |\qquad(This
+is the space required for the larger figure)\cr
+\+\verb|\figure{1}{This is the first short figure legend}|\cr
+\+\verb|\figure{2}{This is the extremely long legend of the
+second...}|\cr
+\+\verb|\endfig|\cr
+\medskip\bigskip\noindent
+{\it Sample Output}
+\begfig 5.3 cm
+\figure{1}{This is the first short figure legend}
+\figure{2}{This is the extremely long legend of the second figure
+and should therefore be typeset using the full width of the type area. For
+typographical and aesthetic reasons it would be unacceptable if these
+legends were
+set next to one another in two columns, with a legend
+of 2 lines for the first figure and a legend of 16 lines for the
+second. Therefore we suggest that the legends for the
+two figures should be placed one
+ below the other. It is not necessary to place
+the figure numbers below or beside the two figures because it should
+be clear
+that the left one is the first figure and the right one the second }
+\endfig
+The text continues \dots
+\vfill\eject
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\titleb {4.7.}{Tables}
+Table captions should be treated
+in the same way as figure legends, except that
+the table captions appear above the tables. The tables
+should also be numbered (using arabic numerals) sequentially,
+throughout your contribution.
+\titlec{4.7.1.\enspace Tables Coded with \TeX.} The comand
+\smallskip\noindent\verb|\tabcap{no}{text of the table caption}|
+\smallskip\noindent will produce a table caption. Thereafter you should
+code your table with \TeX{}. Leave 8 mm (not more) additional space
+before the table caption and at the end of your table (\verb|\vskip 8
+true mm|). Please make sure that all the material of your table will be
+set in small print by using the command \verb|\petit| inside a box or
+a group.
+\medskip\noindent{\it Sample Input}
+\begintt
+\vskip8 true mm
+\vbox{\tabcap{1}{Observational results from NGC 4827}
+\vbox{\petit\hrule\smallskip
+\halign{\enspace#\hfil\enspace&&#\hfil\enspace\cr
+&&\multispan3{RA (1950)}\hfil&\ &\multispan3{Dec (1950)}\hfil
+ & $S$ & Pol & \% & $\log P$\cr
+\noalign{\vskip-2mm}
+&&\multispan3\hrulefill\quad&&\multispan3\hrulefill\quad&&\cr
+\noalign{\vskip-0.5mm}
+& &(h) &(m) & (s) & & (\degr) & (\arcmin) & (\arcsec)
+& (mJy) & (mJy) & & (W Hz$^{-1}$)\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\noalign{\hrule}
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+Core & (5 GHz) & 12 & 54 & 18.0 & & 27 & 26 & 56.2
+ & 8 & & & 21.64 \cr
+Total&(327 MHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 210 & & & 23.13 \cr
+ &(1.4 GHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 57 & 1.3 & 2 & 22.49 \cr
+ & (5 GHz) & & & & & & &
+ & 26 & 0.73 & 3 & 22.15 \cr}
+\smallskip\hrule}}
+\vskip 8 true mm
+\endtt
+\vfill\eject\noindent
+{\it Sample Output}\vskip8 true mm
+\vbox{\tabcap{1}{Observational results from NGC 4827}
+\vbox{\petit\hrule\smallskip
+\halign{\enspace#\hfil\enspace&&#\hfil\enspace\cr
+&&\multispan3{RA (1950)}\hfil&\ &\multispan3{Dec (1950)}\hfil
+ & $S$ & Pol & \% & $\log P$\cr
+\noalign{\vskip-2mm}
+&&\multispan3\hrulefill\quad&&\multispan3\hrulefill\quad&&\cr
+\noalign{\vskip-0.5mm}
+& &(h) &(m) & (s) & & (\degr) & (\arcmin) & (\arcsec)
+& (mJy) & (mJy) & & (W Hz$^{-1}$)\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+\noalign{\hrule}
+\noalign{\smallskip}
+Core & (5 GHz) & 12 & 54 & 18.0 & & 27 & 26 & 56.2
+ & 8 & & & 21.64 \cr
+Total&(327 MHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 210 & & & 23.13 \cr
+ &(1.4 GHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 57 & 1.3 & 2 & 22.49 \cr
+ & (5 GHz) & & & & & & &
+ & 26 & 0.73 & 3 & 22.15 \cr}
+\smallskip\hrule}}
+\vskip 8 true mm
+Here your text continues \dots
+\titlec {4.7.2.\enspace Tables Not Coded with \TeX.}
+If you do not wish to code your table using \TeX{}
+but prefer to have it reproduced separately,
+proceed as for figures and use the following coding:
+\smallskip
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\+\verb|\begtab x cm|&{Begin table of {\it x\/} cm (please use cm
+only)}\cr
+\+\verb|\tabcap{no}{text}|
+&Table caption (no capitalization, see Sect. 2.5) \cr
+\+\verb|\endtab|&End table\cr
+\noindent{\it Input}\smallskip
+\+\verbb|\begtab 2.5 cm|&(This is the space required for your
+table)\cr
+\+\verb|\tabcap{2}{This is another table caption}|\cr
+\+\verb|\endtab|\cr
+\smallskip\smallskip\smallskip \noindent
+{\it Output}\vskip1 true cm
+\vbox{\tabcap{2}{This is another
+table caption}\vbox to 2.5true cm{\hrule
+width2truecm\vfil\vbox{\noindent The distance between these two
+lines indicates the height of your table.
+In this case 2.5 true cm}%
+\vfil\hrule width 2truecm}}
+\titleb {4.8.}{Signs and Characters}
+\titlec{4.8.1.\enspace Special Signs.}
+You may need to use special signs. The available ones are listed in
+{\it The \TeX{}book}, by Donald E. Knuth (1986), Addison-Wesley
+Publishing Company, pp. 434\ts ff.
+We have created further symbols for math mode (enclosed in \$):
+\medskip
+{\tabskip=0pt\openup1\jot
+\centerline{\hbox{\vbox{\halign{{$\backslash$\tt #}\quad\hfil
+&yields $#$\hfil\qquad\qquad\qquad
+&\quad{$\backslash$\tt #}\quad\hfil
+&yields $#$\hfil\cr
+grole&\grole&getsto&\getsto\cr
+lid&\lid&gid&\gid\cr}}}}}
+\titlec{4.8.2.\enspace Gothic (Fraktur).}
+If gothic letters are {\it necessary},
+please use those of the relevant \AmSTeX{} (American Mathematical
+Society)
+alphabet.
+
+The
+\AmSTeX{} gothic alphabet is available from the American Mathematical
+Society.
+
+In Plain\TeX{} only the following gothic letters are
+available: \verb|$\Re$| yields $\Re$ and \verb|$\Im$| yields $\Im$.
+These should {\it not\/} be used when you need gothic letters for your
+contribution. Use \AmSTeX{} gothic as explained above.
+For the real and the imaginary parts of a complex number within math mode
+ you should use instead: \verb|$\rm Re$| (which yields Re) or
+\verb|$\rm Im$| (which yields Im).
+\titlec{4.8.3.\enspace Script.}
+For script capitals use the coding \newline
+{\tt $\$\backslash$cal AB$\$$,}\ \ which yields\ \ $\cal AB$\ \ \ \
+(see p. 164 of {\it The \TeX{}book\/}).
+\titlec{4.8.4.\enspace Special Roman.}
+If you need other or more than the symbols below please use throughout the
+blackboard bold characters of \AmSTeX.
+The following characters are built up by the use of combined symbols and signs:
+\smallskip \smallskip
+%
+\tabskip=0pt
+\halign to\hsize{{$\backslash$\tt #}\ \hfil
+&#\hfil&\ yields \hfil$#$\hfil\tabskip=0pt plus1fil
+&\tabskip=0pt{$\backslash$\tt #}\ \hfil
+&#\hfil&\ yields \hfil$#$\hfil\cr
+bbbc&(complex numbers)&\bbbc&
+bbbf&(blackboard bold F)&\bbbf\cr
+bbbh&(blackboard bold H)&\bbbh&
+bbbk&(blackboard bold K)&\bbbk\cr
+bbbm&(blackboard bold M)&\bbbm&
+bbbn&(natural numbers N)&\bbbn\cr
+bbbp&(blackboard bold P)&\bbbp&
+bbbq&(rational numbers)&\bbbq\cr
+bbbr&(real numbers)&\bbbr&
+bbbs&(blackboard bold S)&\bbbs\cr
+bbbt&(blackboard bold T)&\bbbt&
+bbbz&(whole numbers)&\bbbz\cr
+bbbone&(symbol one)&\bbbone&
+bbbe&(e symbol)&\bbbe\cr}
+\bigskip \noindent
+\line{\rlap{e.g.}\hfil$\displaystyle\bbbc^{\bbbc^\bbbc}\otimes
+\bbbf_{\bbbf_\bbbf} \otimes
+\bbbh_{\bbbh_\bbbh} \otimes
+\bbbk_{\bbbk_\bbbk} \otimes
+\bbbm^{\bbbm^\bbbm} \otimes
+\bbbn_{\bbbn_\bbbn} \otimes
+\bbbp^{\bbbp^\bbbp}$\hfil}
+\vskip0.5\baselineskip
+\centerline{$\displaystyle \otimes
+\bbbq_{\bbbq_\bbbq} \otimes
+\bbbr^{\bbbr^\bbbr} \otimes
+\bbbs^{\bbbs_\bbbs} \otimes
+\bbbt^{\bbbt^\bbbt} \otimes
+\bbbz^{\bbbz_\bbbz} \otimes
+\bbbone^{\bbbone_\bbbone} \otimes
+\bbbe^{\bbbe_\bbbe}$}
+\titlec{4.8.5.\enspace Sans Serif.}
+Using our macros you will also be able to choose the font family of this
+style; use the command \verb|\sans| for \ \ {\sans sans serif}\
+\ (like \verb|\it| for {\it italic style}).
+\titlec{4.8.6.\enspace Invented Characters.}
+If you need to invent a special character not available in this list,
+please start your coding as shown below.
+Be sure your coding works without math mode; the characters invented
+should be numbered using lower-case roman numerals. \smallskip
+\smallskip
+\def\speciali{\hbox{$ = \!\!\! > $ }}
+{\tt \+$\backslash$def$\backslash$speciali$\{$ $\backslash$hbox$\{ \$ $=
+$\backslash$!$\backslash$!$\backslash$! $> \$ $
+$\} \}$\ \ \ \ {\rm yields} \ \ \ \ \speciali \cr
+\+$\backslash$def$\backslash$specialii$\{$ Your definition of special ii
+$\}$ \cr
+\+$\backslash$def$\backslash$specialiii$\{$ Your definition of special iii
+$\}$ \cr
+\+$\backslash$def$\backslash$specialiv$\{$ Your definition of special
+iv $\}$ \ \ \ \ {\rm etc.} \cr }
+\vfill\eject
+\titlea {5.}{How to Code References}
+There are three reference systems available; only one, of course,
+should be used for your contribution. With each system (by author--year,
+by number only or by letter--number) a reference list,
+preferably headed ``References" and containing all citations in the
+text, should be included at the end of the your contribution.
+\smallskip
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx&xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\+\verb|\begref{name}{mark}|&Beginning of reference list: the
+heading;\cr
+\+&the argument {\tt name} stands for the chosen heading:\cr
+\+&References (preferable), Literature or Bibliography;\cr
+\+&the argument {\tt mark} stands for the largest number or\cr
+\+&widest mark of your list, it is used for references\cr
+\+&by number only and by letter--number by the\cr
+\+&macros \verb|\refno| and \verb|\refmark|. In the\cr
+\+&author--year system it is not used but you have to\cr
+\+&code at least an empty pair of braces yet.\cr
+\medskip\noindent Use only one of the following three codings throughout
+your reference list:
+\smallskip
+\+\verb|\ref text|&The coding in author--year system\cr
+\+\verb|\refno{no.} text|&The coding in number only system\cr
+\+\verb|\refmark{mark} text|&The coding in letter--number
+system\cr
+\medskip
+\+\verb|\endref|&End of reference list\cr
+\bigskip
+For detailed examples please see below, and also refer to the demo-file
+({\it jns.dem}).
+
+{\it Very important\/}: For each entry in the reference list please
+follow
+{\it exactly\/} the order shown in the examples.
+\titleb {5.1.}{Author--Year System}
+References are cited in the text by name and year in parentheses, e.g.
+(Smith 1970, 1980), (Ekeland et al. 1985, Theorem 2), (Jones and Jaffe
+1986; Farrow 1988, Chap.\ts 2) or only the year in parentheses if the
+name is part of the sentence, e.g. Ekeland et al. (1985, Sect.\ts 2.1).
+The reference list should contain all citations contained in the text,
+ordered alphabetically by surname (with initials following). If there
+are several works by the same author(s) the references should be listed
+in the appropriate order indicated below:
+\medskip
+\item{a)} One author: list works chronologically;
+\item{b)} Author and same co-author(s): list works chronologically;
+\item{c)} Author and different co-authors: list works alphabetically
+according to co-authors.
+\medskip
+If there are several works by the same author(s) and in the same year,
+but which are cited separately, they should be distinguished by
+the use of ``a", ``b" etc., e.g. (Smith 1982a), (Ekeland et al. 1982b).
+\vfill\eject
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx&xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\+\verb|\begref{name}{}|&Do not forget to code at least an empty pair of
+braces\cr
+\+&otherwise the first entry is not correctly indented\cr
+\+\verb|\ref text|&First entry in reference list\cr
+\+\verb|\ref text|&Second entry in reference list\cr
+\+\quad$\vdots$\cr
+\+\verb|\ref text|&{\it n\/}-th entry in reference list\cr
+\+\verb|\endref|&End of reference list\cr
+\titleb {5.2.}{References by Number Only or by Letter--Number}
+The author--year system is probably of more help to the reader.
+However, refer\-en{}ces may instead be cited in the text by numbers in
+square brackets, e.g. [1], [2] etc. used sequentially throughout your
+contribution or by letter--number, e.g. [E1, S2], [P1] etc. or a
+similar version.
+For example, the first two references are given as [1] and [2] in the
+text, and as 1. and 2. (i.e. the brackets are dropped) in the reference
+list.
+The coding is as follows:
+\medskip
+\settabs \+xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx &xxxxxxxxxxxxxx \cr
+\+\verb|\begref{name}{mark}|\cr
+\+\verb|\refno{no.} text|\cr
+\+\verb|\refno{no.} text|\cr
+\+\quad$\vdots$\cr
+\+\verb|\refno{no.} text|\cr
+\+\verb|\endref|\cr
+\medskip\noindent
+Instead of \verb|\refno| in the number--only system use the coding
+\verb|\refmark| for the letter--number system (e.g.:
+\verb|\refmark{[MB1]} this is the text of your reference|, then you
+should have coded the start of your references with
+\verb|\begref{References}{[MB1]}|, supposed ``[MB1]'' is your widest
+mark).
+\bigskip\noindent
+{\it Important\/}:
+You must ensure that the references cited in the text (name--year,
+number or letter--number) correspond exactly with the entries
+in the reference list.
+\titleb{5.3.}{Examples}
+The following examples show the three ways of organizing a reference list.
+Naturally, you will choose only one for your contribution.
+\bigskip\noindent
+{\it Examples of Typical Text Containing Reference Citations}
+\medskip\noindent
+This is implicit in recent work of Arnold (1968) and Lerch et al. (1983)
+\dots\newline
+Consider as an example the following theorem [1].\newline
+We refer now to the hypothesis as given in [S1].
+\vfill\eject
+\noindent
+{\it Input of Coding for Author--Year Reference List}
+\begintt
+\begref{References}{here is no mark at all}
+\ref Arnold, V.I. (1968): Singularities of smooth mappings. Usp.
+Mat. Nauk {\bf 23}, 3--44 (Russian). [English transl.: Russ. Math.
+Surv. {\bf 23} (1968) 1--43]
+\ref Dirac, P.A.M. (1950): On generalized Hamiltonian dynamics.
+Can. J. Math. {\bf 2}(2), 129--148
+\ref Gr\"otschel, M., Lov\'asz, L., Schrijver, A. (1988):
+Geometric algorithms and combinatorial optimization. (Algorithms
+and Combinatorics, vol.2.) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
+\ref Lerch, F.J., Klosko, S.M., Patel, G.B. (1983): A refined
+gravity model from LAGEOS (GEM-L2). NASA, Tech. Memo. TM 84986
+\ref Rham, G. de (1931): Sur l'analysis situs de vari\'et\'es
+\`a $n$ dimensions. J. Math. Pures Appl. {\bf 10}, 115--200
+\endref
+\endtt
+\bigskip\noindent
+{\it Output for Author--Year Reference List}
+\begref{References}{here is no mark at all}
+\ref Arnold, V.I. (1968): Singularities of smooth mappings. Usp.
+Mat. Nauk {\bf 23}, 3--44 (Russian). [English transl.: Russ. Math.
+Surv. {\bf 23} (1968) 1--43]
+\ref Dirac, P.A.M. (1950): On generalized Hamiltonian dynamics.
+Can. J. Math. {\bf 2}(2), 129--148
+\ref Gr\"otschel, M., Lov\'asz, L., Schrijver, A. (1988):
+Geometric algorithms and combinatorial optimization. (Algorithms
+and Combinatorics, vol.2.) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
+\ref Lerch, F.J., Klosko, S.M., Patel, G.B. (1983): A refined
+gravity model from LAGEOS (GEM-L2). NASA, Tech. Memo. TM 84986
+\ref Rham, G. de (1931): Sur l'analysis situs de vari\'et\'es
+\`a $n$ dimensions. J. Math. Pures Appl. {\bf 10}, 115--200
+\endref
+\vfill\eject\noindent
+{\it Input of Coding for Number-Only Reference List}
+\begintt
+\begref{References}{5.}
+\refno {1.} Dieck, T. tom: Bordism of $G$-manifolds and
+integrality theorems. Topology {\bf 9} (1970) 345--358
+\refno{2.} Gantmacher, F.R., Krein, M.G.: Oscillation matrices and
+kernels and small vibrations of mechanical systems. State Press
+for Technical Literature, Moscow Leningrad, 1950 (Russian).
+[German transl.: Oszillationsmatrizen, Oszillations\-kerne
+und kleine Schwingungen mechanischer Systeme. Akademie-Verlag,
+Berlin, 1960]
+\refno{3.} Hoare, C.A.R.: Procedures and parameters: An axiomatic
+approach. In: Engeler, E. (ed.) Symposium on Semantics of
+Algorithmic Languages. (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol.188.)
+Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, 1971, pp.102--116
+\refno{4.} Peitgen, H.-O., Walther, H.-O. (eds.): Functional
+differential equations and approximation of fixed points. (Lecture
+Notes in Mathematics, vol.730.) Springer, New York Berlin
+Heidelberg, 1979
+\refno {5.} Redwood, R.: Personal communication, 1986
+\endref
+\endtt
+\noindent
+{\it Output for Number-Only Reference List}
+\begref{References}{5.}
+\refno {1.} Dieck, T. tom: Bordism of $G$-manifolds and
+integrality theorems. Topology {\bf 9} (1970) 345--358
+\refno{2.} Gantmacher, F.R., Krein, M.G.: Oscillation matrices and
+kernels and small vibrations of mechanical systems. State Press
+for Technical Literature, Moscow Leningrad, 1950 (Russian).
+[German transl.: Oszillationsmatrizen, Oszillations\-kerne
+und kleine Schwingungen mechanischer Systeme. Akademie-Verlag,
+Berlin, 1960]
+\refno{3.} Hoare, C.A.R.: Procedures and parameters: An axiomatic
+approach. In: Engeler, E. (ed.) Symposium on Semantics of
+Algorithmic Languages. (Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol.188.)
+Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, 1971, pp.102--116
+\refno{4.} Peitgen, H.-O., Walther, H.-O. (eds.): Functional
+differential equations and approximation of fixed points. (Lecture
+Notes in Mathematics, vol.730.) Springer, New York Berlin
+Heidelberg, 1979
+\refno {5.} Redwood, R.: Personal communication, 1986
+\endref
+\vfill\eject\noindent
+{\it Input of Coding for Letter--Number List}
+\begintt
+\begref{References}{[GP1]}
+\refmark{[B1]} Brooks, M.: Automatic generation of test
+data for recursive programs having simple errors. PhD thesis,
+Stanford University, 1980
+\refmark{[GP1]} Griswold, R.E., Poage, J.F., Polonsky, I.P.:
+The SNOBOL4 programming language, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall,
+Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1971
+\refmark{[R1]} Rapp, R.H.: The development of the January
+1983 $1^\circ\times1^\circ$ mean free-air anamoly data tape.
+Dept. of Geod. Sci. and Surv., Ohio State University, Columbus,
+OH. Internal report, 1983
+\refmark{[T1]} Thompson, d'A.: On growth and form. (Abriged
+edition: J.T. Bonner, ed.) Cambridge University Press, 1961
+\refmark{[T2]} Thompson, d'A.: Personal communication, 1963
+\endref
+\endtt
+\noindent
+{\it Output of Coding for Letter--Number List}
+\begref{References}{[GP1]}
+\refmark{[B1]} Brooks, M.: Automatic generation of test
+data for recursive programs having simple errors. PhD thesis,
+Stanford University, 1980
+\refmark{[GP1]} Griswold, R.E., Poage, J.F., Polonsky, I.P.:
+The SNOBOL4 programming language, 2nd edn. Prentice-Hall,
+Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1971
+\refmark{[R1]} Rapp, R.H.: The development of the January
+1983 $1^\circ\times1^\circ$ mean free-air anamoly data tape.
+Dept. of Geod. Sci. and Surv., Ohio State University, Columbus,
+OH. Internal report, 1983
+\refmark{[T1]} Thompson, d'A.: On growth and form. (Abriged
+edition: J.T. Bonner, ed.) Cambridge University Press, 1961
+\refmark{[T2]} Thompson, d'A.: Personal communication, 1963
+\endref
+\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip\bigskip
+\centerline{\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\vbox{\kern5pt
+\hbox{\enspace \bf To end your text you must use the \TeX{} command
+{\tt\bs byebye}\enspace}\kern5pt}\vrule}\hrule}}
+\input jns.dem
+\bye
+
+
diff --git a/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.sty b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.sty
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dc116ac792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jns.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,801 @@
+% JNS DOCUMENT STYLE -- Released 16 July 1990
+% i.e. Journal of Nonlinear Science document style
+% for LaTeX version 2.09
+
+% This style file is an adaptation of
+% the original LaTeX article.sty, by:
+% Frank Holzwarth, Springer-Verlag Heidelberg,
+% Tiergartenstrasse 17, D-6900 Heidelberg.
+
+\typeout{Document Style `jns' <16 Jul 90>.}
+
+\frenchspacing
+\def~{\penalty\@M\kern3pt}
+
+\def\thebibliography#1{\section*{References}\small\list
+ {\arabic{enumi}.}{\settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}\leftmargin\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+ \usecounter{enumi}}
+ \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em}
+ \sloppy
+ \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
+
+\def\ds@citeauthoryear{\def\thebibliography##1{\section*{References}%
+ \small\list{}{\settowidth\labelwidth{}\leftmargin\parindent
+ \itemindent=-\parindent
+ \labelsep=\z@
+ \usecounter{enumi}}%
+ \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em}%
+ \sloppy
+ \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}%
+ \def\@cite##1{##1}%
+ \def\@lbibitem[##1]##2{\item[]\if@filesw
+ {\def\protect####1{\string ####1\space}\immediate
+ \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{##2}{##1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}}%
+
+\newif\if@envcountreset\@envcountresetfalse
+\def\ds@envcountreset{\@envcountresettrue}
+
+\def\@mbi{cmmib10}
+\def\@ptsize{0} \@namedef{ds@11pt}{\def\@ptsize{1}}
+\@namedef{ds@12pt}{\def\@ptsize{2}}
+\def\ds@twoside{\@twosidetrue \@mparswitchtrue}
+\def\ds@draft{\overfullrule
+5pt}
+\@options
+
+\ds@twoside
+
+\lineskip 1pt \normallineskip 1pt
+\def\baselinestretch{1}
+
+\def\@normalsize{\@setsize\normalsize{12pt}\xpt\@xpt
+\abovedisplayskip=3 mm plus6pt minus 4pt
+\belowdisplayskip=3 mm plus6pt minus 4pt
+\abovedisplayshortskip=0mm plus6pt minus 2pt
+\belowdisplayshortskip=2 mm plus4pt minus 4pt}
+
+\mathchardef\Gamma="0100
+\mathchardef\Delta="0101
+\mathchardef\Theta="0102
+\mathchardef\Lambda="0103
+\mathchardef\Xi="0104
+\mathchardef\Pi="0105
+\mathchardef\Sigma="0106
+\mathchardef\Upsilon="0107
+\mathchardef\Phi="0108
+\mathchardef\Psi="0109
+\mathchardef\Omega="010A
+
+\def\small{\@setsize\small{10pt}\viiipt\@viiipt
+\abovedisplayskip=2.5 mm plus5pt minus 3pt
+\belowdisplayskip=2.5 mm plus5pt minus 3pt
+\abovedisplayshortskip=0mm plus6pt minus 2pt
+\belowdisplayshortskip=2 mm plus4pt minus 4pt
+\def\@listi{\topsep 4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}}
+
+\def\footnotesize{\@setsize\footnotesize{10pt}\viiipt\@viiipt
+\abovedisplayskip=2.5 mm plus5pt minus 3pt
+\belowdisplayskip=2.5 mm plus5pt minus 3pt
+\abovedisplayshortskip=0mm plus6pt minus 2pt
+\belowdisplayshortskip=2 mm plus4pt minus 4pt
+\def\@listi{\topsep 4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}}
+
+\def\scriptsize{\@setsize\scriptsize{8.4pt}\viipt\@viipt}
+
+\def\tiny{\@setsize\tiny{6pt}\vpt\@vpt}
+\def\large{\@setsize\large{13.2pt}\xipt\@xipt}
+\def\Large{\@setsize\Large{14.4pt}\xiipt\@xiipt}
+\def\LARGE{\@setsize\LARGE{16pt}\xivpt\@xivpt}
+\def\huge{\@setsize\huge{22pt}\xxpt\@xxpt}
+\def\Huge{\@setsize\Huge{30pt}\xxvpt\@xxvpt}
+\@normalsize
+
+\if@twoside
+ \oddsidemargin 44pt
+ \evensidemargin 82pt
+ \marginparwidth 107pt
+\else \oddsidemargin 63pt \evensidemargin 63pt
+ \marginparwidth 90pt
+\fi
+\marginparsep 11pt
+\topmargin 11pt \headheight 12pt \headsep 13.66pt
+\footheight 12pt \footskip 30pt
+\textwidth 12.2cm
+\textheight 19.4cm
+\columnsep 1cc \columnseprule 0pt
+
+\footnotesep 7.7pt
+\skip\footins 9pt plus 4pt minus 2pt
+\floatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
+\textfloatsep 8mm plus 2pt minus 4pt
+\intextsep 8mm plus 2pt minus 2pt
+\@maxsep 8mm
+
+\dblfloatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
+\dbltextfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt
+\@dblmaxsep 20pt
+
+\@fptop 0pt plus 1fil \@fpsep 8pt plus 2fil \@fpbot 0pt plus 1fil
+\@dblfptop0pt plus1fil \@dblfpsep8pt plus2fil\@dblfpbot 0pt plus1fil
+\marginparpush 5pt
+
+\parskip 0pt plus 1pt \parindent 1.5em \topsep 8pt plus 2pt minus 4pt
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+\@lowpenalty 51 \@medpenalty 151 \@highpenalty 301
+\@beginparpenalty-\@lowpenalty\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty\@itempenalty
+-\@lowpenalty
+
+\def\vec#1{\mathchoice{\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle\bf#1$}}
+{\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle\bf#1$}}
+{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle\bf#1$}}
+{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle\bf#1$}}}
+
+\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
+ \def\@svsec{}\else
+ \refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname. }\fi
+ \@tempskipa #5\relax
+ \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
+ \begingroup #6\relax
+ \noindent{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M #8\par}
+ \endgroup
+ \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
+ {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+ \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
+ #7}\else
+ \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
+ {#7}\addcontentsline
+ {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
+ \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
+ #7}}\fi
+ \@xsect{#5}}
+
+\def\part{\par \addvspace{4ex} \@afterindentfalse \secdef\@part\@spart}
+
+\def\@part[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \refstepcounter{part}
+\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart \hspace{1em}#1}\else
+\addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}\fi { \parindent 0pt \raggedright
+ \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne \Large \bf
+ Part\thepart\par\nobreak\fi\huge
+\bf #2\markboth{}{}\par } \nobreak \vskip 3ex \@afterheading }
+
+\def\@spart#1{{\parindent 0pt \raggedright
+ \huge \bf
+ #1\par} \nobreak \vskip 3ex \@afterheading }
+
+\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-18pt plus -4pt minus
+-4pt}{12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt}{\normalsize\bf\boldmath
+\pretolerance=10000\relax\rightskip=0pt plus8em}}
+\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-18pt plus-4pt minus
+ -4pt}{8pt plus 4pt minus 4pt}{\normalsize\it
+\pretolerance=10000\relax\rightskip=0pt plus8em}}
+\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-18pt plus-4pt
+ minus -4pt}{-0.5em plus -.22em minus -0.1em}{\normalsize\bf\boldmath}}
+\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}{-12pt plus -4pt minus
+ -4pt}{-0.5em plus -.22em minus -0.1em}{\normalsize\it}}
+\def\subparagraph#1{\typeout{JNS Warning: You should not use
+\protect\subparagraph \space in this style.}\vskip0.5cm
+You should not use $\backslash${\tt subparagraph} in this
+style.\vskip0.5cm}
+
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
+
+\def\appendix{\par
+ \setcounter{section}{0}
+ \setcounter{subsection}{0}
+ \def\thesection{\Alph{section}}}
+
+% Define \keywords
+\def\keywords{\par\vspace{12pt}\noindent{\bf Key words: }\ignorespaces}
+
+% Define \acknowledgements
+\def\acknowledgements{\vspace{12pt}\noindent{\em Acknowledgements.\/ }}
+
+% The `abstract' environment has been renamed to `abstr' so a new environment
+% `abstract' can be defined in terms of the old one.
+\def\abstr{{\noindent \bf Summary. }%
+\ignorespaces}
+\def\endabstr{\relax}
+
+\newenvironment{abstract}{\begin{abstr}}{\end{abstr}}
+
+\leftmargini 17pt \leftmarginii 17pt
+\leftmarginiii 17pt \leftmarginiv 17pt
+\leftmarginv 10pt \leftmarginvi 10pt
+\leftmargin\leftmargini \labelwidth\leftmargini
+\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+\labelsep 5pt
+\parsep 0pt plus 1pt
+\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini}
+\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep 0pt plus 1pt}
+\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep 0pt plus 1pt}
+\def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep 0pt plus 1pt}
+\def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep 0pt plus 1pt}
+\def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
+ \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
+ \topsep 0pt plus 1pt}
+
+\def\labelenumi{\arabic{enumi}.}
+\def\theenumi{\arabic{enumi}}
+\def\labelenumii{(\alph{enumii})}
+\def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
+\def\p@enumii{\theenumi}
+\def\labelenumiii{\roman{enumiii}.}
+\def\theenumiii{\roman{enumiii}}
+\def\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
+\def\labelenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}.}
+\def\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}}
+\def\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
+
+\def\labelitemi{\bf --}
+\def\labelitemii{$\bullet$}
+\def\labelitemiii{$\ast$}
+\def\labelitemiv{$\cdot$}
+
+\def\verse{\let\\=\@centercr
+ \list{}{\itemsep\z@ \itemindent -1.5em\listparindent \itemindent
+ \rightmargin\leftmargin\advance\leftmargin 1.5em}\item[]}
+\let\endverse\endlist
+\def\quotation{\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em
+ \itemindent\listparindent
+ \rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[]}
+\let\endquotation=\endlist
+\def\quote{\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[]}
+\let\endquote=\endlist
+
+\def\descriptionlabel#1{\hspace\labelsep \bf #1}
+\def\description{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
+ \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
+\let\enddescription\endlist
+
+\def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
+
+\def\titlepage{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
+ \else \newpage \fi \thispagestyle{empty}\c@page\z@}
+\def\endtitlepage{\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi}
+
+\arraycolsep 1.4pt \tabcolsep 1.4pt \arrayrulewidth .4pt \doublerulesep
+2pt
+\tabbingsep \labelsep
+
+\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
+\fboxsep = 3pt \fboxrule = .4pt
+
+\newcounter{part}
+\newcounter {section}
+\newcounter {subsection}[section]
+\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
+\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
+
+\def\thepart{\Roman{part}}
+\def\thesection {\arabic{section}}
+\def\thesubsection {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
+\def\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}}
+\def\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
+
+\def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
+\def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
+\def\@dotsep{4.5}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+
+\def\tableofcontents{\section*{Table of Contents}
+ \@starttoc{toc}}
+\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}
+ \addvspace{2.25em plus 1pt} \begingroup
+ \@tempdima 3em \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth \parfillskip
+-\@pnumwidth
+ {\Large \bf \leavevmode #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
+ \nobreak \endgroup}
+%
+\def\numberline#1{\advance\hangindent by\@tempdima%
+\hbox to\@tempdima{\hss#1\enspace}}
+%
+\def\bf@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{\ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else
+ \vskip \z@ plus .2pt
+ {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \parfillskip -\rightskip
+ \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
+ \interlinepenalty\@M
+ \leavevmode
+ \@tempdima #3\relax \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \hbox{}\hskip -\leftskip
+{\bf#4}\nobreak\leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern \@dotsep
+ mu$}\hfill \nobreak \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hfil\rm #5}\par}\fi}
+%
+\def\l@section{\vskip2mm\bf@dottedtocline{1}{0em}{1.7em}}
+\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.7em}{2.3em}}
+\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{4em}{2em}}
+\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{6em}{2em}}
+\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{8em}{2em}}
+\def\listoffigures{\section*{List of Figures\markboth
+ {List of Figures}{List of Figures}}\@starttoc{lof}}
+\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+\def\listoftables{\section*{List of Tables\markboth
+ {List of Tables}{List of Tables}}\@starttoc{lot}}
+\let\l@table\l@figure
+
+\def\endthebibliography{\endlist\normalsize}
+
+\newif\if@restonecol
+\def\theindex{\@restonecoltrue\if@twocolumn\@restonecolfalse\fi
+\columnseprule \z@
+\columnsep 35pt\twocolumn[\section*{Index}]
+ \markboth{Index}{Index}\thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
+ \parskip\z@ plus .3pt\relax\let\item\@idxitem}
+\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 40pt}
+\def\subitem{\par\hangindent 40pt \hspace*{20pt}}
+\def\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 40pt \hspace*{30pt}}
+\def\endtheindex{\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
+\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10pt plus 5pt minus 3pt\relax}
+
+\def\footnoterule{\kern-3\p@\hrule width 2 true cm\kern 2.6\p@}
+
+\long\def\@makefntext#1{\@setpar{\@@par\@tempdima \hsize
+ \advance\@tempdima-1em\parshape \@ne 1em\@tempdima}\par
+ \parindent 1em\noindent \hbox to \z@{\hss$^{\@thefnmark}$\ }#1}
+
+\setcounter{topnumber}{2}
+\def\topfraction{.9}
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
+\def\bottomfraction{.3}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
+\def\textfraction{.15}
+\def\floatpagefraction{.85}
+\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
+\def\dbltopfraction{.85}
+\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.85}
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{
+ \vskip 10pt
+ \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\bf #1} #2}
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize \unhbox\@tempboxa\par \else \hbox
+to\hsize{\box\@tempboxa\hfil}
+ \fi\vskip5pt}
+
+\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\addcontentsline{\csname
+ ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname
+ the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\par
+ \begingroup
+ \@parboxrestore
+ \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par
+ \endgroup}
+
+\newcounter{figure}
+\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
+
+\def\fps@figure{htbp}
+\def\ftype@figure{1}
+\def\ext@figure{lof}
+\def\fnum@figure{Fig.\thinspace\thefigure.}
+\def\figure{\@float{figure}\small\rm}
+\def\endfigure{\vskip-5pt\end@float}
+\@namedef{figure*}{\@dblfloat{figure}}
+\@namedef{endfigure*}{\end@dblfloat}
+
+\newcounter{table}
+\def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
+\def\fps@table{htbp}
+\def\ftype@table{2}
+\def\ext@table{lot}
+\def\fnum@table{Table \thetable.}
+\def\table{\@float{table}\small\rm}
+\let\endtable\end@float
+\@namedef{table*}{\@dblfloat{table}}
+\@namedef{endtable*}{\end@dblfloat}
+
+% LaTeX does not provide a command to enter the authors institute
+% addresses. The \institute command is defined here.
+
+\newcounter{@inst}
+\newcounter{@auth}
+\newdimen\instindent
+
+\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}}
+
+\def\institutename{\par
+ \begingroup
+ \parskip=0pt
+ \setcounter{@inst}{1}%
+ \def\and{\par\stepcounter{@inst}%
+ \hangindent\instindent\hangafter=0\noindent
+ \llap{$^{\the@inst}$\enspace}\ignorespaces}%
+ \setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}%
+ \ifnum\c@@inst>9\relax\setbox0=\hbox{$^{88}$\enspace}%
+ \else\setbox0=\hbox{$^{8}$\enspace}\fi
+ \instindent=\wd0\relax
+ \ifnum\c@@inst=1\relax\else
+ \setcounter{footnote}{\c@@inst}%
+ \setcounter{@inst}{1}%
+ \hangindent\instindent\hangafter=0\noindent
+ \llap{$^{\the@inst}$\enspace}\fi\ignorespaces
+ \@institute\par
+ \endgroup}
+
+\def\@thanks{}
+
+\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or{\star\star\star}%
+ \or \dagger\or \ddagger\or
+ \mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger
+ \or \ddagger\ddagger\else\@ctrerr\fi\relax}
+
+\def\inst#1{\unskip\/$^{#1}$}
+
+\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}}
+\def\@subtitle{}
+
+\def\titlerunning#1{\gdef\@titlerunning{#1}}
+\def\@titlerunning{}
+
+\def\authorrunning#1{\gdef\@authorrunning{#1}}
+\def\@authorrunning{}
+
+\def\Logo{\setbox254=\hbox{ THE JOURNAL OF }%
+\vbox{\hrule\hbox{\vrule\vbox{\kern3pt
+\copy254
+\hbox to\wd254{\hfil NONLINEAR\hfil}
+\hbox to\wd254{\hfil SCIENCE\hfil}
+\hbox to\wd254{\hfil\number\day.\number\month.\number\year\hfil}
+\kern3pt}\vrule}\hrule}}
+\def\makeheadbox{\hbox to\hsize{\hfil
+\Logo}}
+
+\def\maketitle{\par
+ \begingroup
+ \parindent=\z@
+ \def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
+ \if@twocolumn
+ \twocolumn[\@maketitle]
+ \else \newpage
+ \global\@topnum\z@ \@maketitle \fi\thispagestyle{empty}\@thanks
+ \endgroup
+ \let\maketitle\relax
+ \let\@maketitle\relax
+ \gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}\gdef\@subtitle{}%
+ \let\thanks\relax}
+
+\def\@maketitle{\newpage
+ \rm
+ \makeheadbox
+ {\LARGE \bf\boldmath
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \rightskip=0pt plus 4cm
+ \vskip2.1cm
+ \@title \par}\vskip .4cm
+\if!\@subtitle!\else {\bf\boldmath
+ \vskip -.2cm
+ \pretolerance=10000
+ \rightskip=0pt plus 3cm
+ \@subtitle \par}\vskip .4cm\fi
+{\bf\@author\vskip.1cm
+\def\\{ }\def\inst##1{}\def\thanks##1{}\def\and{}%
+\setcounter{@auth}{1}%
+\if!\@titlerunning!\else\def\@title{\@titlerunning}\fi
+\if!\@authorrunning!\else\def\@author{\@authorrunning}\fi
+\xdef\@author{\@author\unskip\unskip}%
+\xdef\@title{\ignorespaces\@title}%
+\instindent=\hsize\advance\instindent by-1cm\relax
+\setbox0=\hbox{\small\@author}\ifdim\wd0>\instindent
+\typeout{Warning: The running head produced by the
+\protect\author \space command}\typeout{exceeds the pagewidth,
+please supply a short form with \protect\authorrunning.}%
+\def\@author{Author(s) suppressed due to excessive length,
+please use {\tt$\backslash$authorrunning}.}\fi
+\setbox0=\hbox{\small\@title}\ifdim\wd0>\instindent
+\typeout{Warning: The running head produced by the
+\protect\title \space command}\typeout{exceeds the pagewidth,
+please supply a short form with \protect\titlerunning.}%
+\def\@title{Title suppressed due to excessive length,
+please use {\tt$\backslash$titlerunning}.}\fi
+\markboth{\@author}{\@title}}
+ {\small\rm\institutename
+ \par
+ \vskip 0.3cm
+ \@date
+ \par}
+ \vskip 0.8cm}
+
+\mark{{}{}}
+
+\if@twoside
+\def\ps@headings{\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{}%
+\def\@evenhead{\small\rm
+\thepage\hfil\leftmark}\def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\small\rm\rightmark \hfil
+\thepage}\def\sectionmark##1{}%
+\def\subsectionmark##1{}}
+\else \def\ps@headings{\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenfoot{}\def
+\@oddhead{\hbox
+{}\sl \rightmark \hfil \rm\thepage}\def\sectionmark##1{\markright
+{\uppercase{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@
+ \thesection\hskip 1em\relax \fi ##1}}}}
+\fi
+\def\ps@myheadings{\def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\sl\rightmark \hfil
+\rm\thepage}\def\@oddfoot{}\def\@evenhead{\rm \thepage\hfil\sl
+\leftmark\hbox
+{}}\def\@evenfoot{}\def\sectionmark##1{}\def\subsectionmark##1{}}
+
+\def\today{\ifcase\month\or
+ January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+ July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+ \space\number\day, \number\year}
+
+\ps@headings \pagenumbering{arabic} \onecolumn
+\if@twoside\else\raggedbottom\fi
+
+% new environments and theorems
+% borrowed form the LTMP-style of Springer-Verlag
+% designed by Dr. Christoph Ender
+%
+% define the new theorem like environments
+% define a new style of environments where it is possible to define
+% the font % used as the theorem name and the fontfamily for the text.
+%
+% \newstytheorem{name}{thefont}{txtfont}{Text}[Counter]
+% \newstytheorem{name}{thefont}{txtfont}[oldname]{Text}
+%
+% #1 - name of theorem
+% #2 - theorem font
+% #3 - text font
+%
+\def\newstytheorem#1#2#3{%
+\@ifnextchar[{\che@othm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\che@nthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}}
+%
+% #1 - name of theorem
+% #2 - theorem font
+% #3 - text font
+% #4 - text string of theorem name
+%
+\def\che@nthm#1#2#3#4{%
+\@ifnextchar[{\che@xnthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\che@ynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}
+%
+% #1 - name of theorem
+% #2 - theorem font
+% #3 - text font
+% #4 - text string of thorem name
+% #5 - add theorem counter to reset list of another counter
+%
+\def\che@xnthm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\expandafter
+\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+{\@definecounter{#1}\if@envcountreset\@addtoreset{#1}{#5}\fi
+\expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
+\global\@namedef{#1}{\che@thm{#1}{#4}{#2}{#3}}\global
+\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+%
+% #1 - name of theorem
+% #2 - theorem font
+% #3 - text font
+% #4 - text string of thorem name
+%
+\def\che@ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+{\@definecounter{#1}%
+\expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
+\global\@namedef{#1}{\che@thm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}\global
+\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+%
+% change oldthm if oldname in specification is '*'
+% then don't use a counter
+% #1 - countername
+% #2 - theorem font
+% #3 - text font
+% #4 - counter used
+% #5 - string containing theorem name to print
+%
+\def\che@othm#1#2#3[#4]#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable
+\csname#1\endcsname%
+{\@@othm@{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}\global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}
+%
+\def\@@othm@#1#2#3#4#5{\if *#4{\global\@namedef{the#1}{\relax}
+\global\@namedef{#1}{\@bthm@{}{#5}{#2}{#3}}}\else
+{\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#4}}% define the counter
+\global\@namedef{#1}{\che@thm{#4}{#5}{#2}{#3}}}\fi}
+%
+% new defs for theorem environment che 17-MAR-1989
+% it improves the option possible
+%
+% #1 - countername = theorem name
+% #2 - string containing theorem name to print
+% #3 - theorem font
+% #4 - text font
+\def\che@thm#1#2#3#4{\@ifnextchar({\@athm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{%
+\@ifnextchar *{\@bthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}%
+{\@@thm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}}
+%
+% \begin{thm}(A.1)[test] results in:
+% \end{thm} thm A.1 (test) ....
+% #1 - theorem
+% #2 - string of theorem name
+% #3 - font for theorem name and label
+% #4 - Text font
+% #5 - is the new label
+% #6 - optional string
+%
+\def\@athm#1#2#3#4(#5){\@ifnextchar[{%
+\@aythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}}{\@axthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}}}
+\def\@axthm#1#2#3#4#5{\@@locthmlab{#1}{#5}%
+\@begintheorem{#2}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@aythm#1#2#3#4#5[#6]{\@@locthmlab{#1}{#5}%
+\fuh@opargbegintheorem{#2}{#5}{#6}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}
+%
+% \begin{thm}*[xytest] results in:
+% \end{thm} thm (xytest) ....
+% #1 - theorem
+% #2 - string of theorem name
+% #3 - font for theorem name and label
+% #4 - Text font
+% #5 - optional string
+%
+\def\@bthm@#1#2#3#4{\@ifnextchar[{\@bythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{%
+\@bxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}
+\def\@bthm#1#2#3#4*{\@ifnextchar[{\@bythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{%
+\@bxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}
+\def\@bxthm#1#2#3#4{\if !#1!\relax\else\@@locthmlab{#1}{}\fi
+\@@begintheorem{#2}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@bythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{%
+\@@opargbegintheorem{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}\ignorespaces}
+%
+% define local label
+% if no number or a user specified label occured
+%
+\def\@@locthmlab#1#2{\expandafter\def\csname the#1\endcsname{#2}
+\let\@chetempa\protect\def\protect{\noexpand\protect\noexpand}%
+\edef\@currentlabel{\csname p@#1\endcsname\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+\let\protect\@chetempa}
+%
+% #1 - counter = theorem name
+% #2 - string with name
+% #3 - font for theorem name and label
+% #4 - font for text
+\def\@@thm#1#2#3#4{\refstepcounter
+ {#1}\@ifnextchar[{\che@ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{%
+ \che@xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}}
+%
+\def\che@xthm#1#2#3#4{\che@begintheorem{#2}{\csname
+the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}
+\def\che@ythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\che@opargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname
+ the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces}
+%
+% #1 - name of theorem
+% #2 - label string
+% #3 - font for name and lable
+% #4 - text fomt
+%
+\def\che@begintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist\item[#3 #1\ts #2.]}
+%
+% #1 - name of theorem
+% #2 - label string
+% #3 - additonal text
+% #4 - font for name and lable
+% #5 - text fomt
+%
+\def\che@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4#5{#5 \trivlist
+\item[#4 #1\ts #2\ #3.]}
+%
+\def\fuh@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\it \trivlist
+ \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bf #1\ #2\ (#3).}]}
+%
+\def\@@begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist\item[#2 #1.]}
+\def\@@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#3\trivlist\item[#2 #1 #4.]}
+
+\newstytheorem{theorem}{\bf}{\it}{Theorem}[section]
+\newstytheorem{example}{\it}{\rm}{Example}[section]
+\newstytheorem{proposition}{\bf}{\it}[theorem]{Proposition}
+\newstytheorem{corollary}{\bf}{\it}[theorem]{Corollary}
+\newstytheorem{lemma}{\bf}{\it}[theorem]{Lemma}
+\newstytheorem{proof}{\it}{\rm}[*]{Proof}
+\newstytheorem{definition}{\bf}{\rm}[theorem]{Definition}
+\newstytheorem{remark}{\it}{\rm}[*]{Remark}
+\newstytheorem{exercise}{\it}{\rm}[theorem]{Exercise}
+\newstytheorem{problem}{\it}{\rm}[theorem]{Problem}
+\newstytheorem{solution}{\it}{\rm}[theorem]{Solution}
+\newstytheorem{note}{\it}{\rm}[theorem]{Note}
+\newstytheorem{question}{\it}{\rm}[theorem]{Question}
+
+\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
+\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil
+\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed
+\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi}
+
+\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets
+\cr\to\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}}
+\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+<\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr
+\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}}
+\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip
+\halign{\hfil
+$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8pt}<\cr}}}
+{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr
+>\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3pt}<\cr}}}}}
+\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen
+\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}}
+\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen
+\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}}
+\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}}
+\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}}
+\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}}
+\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l}
+{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}}
+\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
+Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise
+0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm
+T$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}
+{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox
+to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}}
+\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\sf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\sf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\sf\scriptstyle Z\kern-0.3em Z$}}
+{\hbox{$\sf\scriptscriptstyle Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}}
+\def\ts{\thinspace}
+
+\def\typeset{\vfill\small\noindent This article was processed using
+the \LaTeX{} macro package with JNS style\par}
+
+\def\enddocument{\par\typeset
+\@checkend{document}\clearpage\begingroup
+\if@filesw \immediate\closeout\@mainaux
+\def\global\@namedef##1##2{}\def\newlabel{\@testdef r}%
+\def\bibcite{\@testdef b}\@tempswafalse\makeatletter\input \jobname.aux
+\if@tempswa \@warning{Label(s) may have changed. Rerun to get
+cross-references right}\fi\fi\endgroup\deadcycles\z@\@@end}
diff --git a/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsl.dem b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsl.dem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2bdea91d07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsl.dem
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+% This is JNSL.DEM the demonstration file of
+% the LaTeX macro package from Springer-Verlag
+% for the Journal of Nonlinear Science
+% version of 16 July 1990
+\def\12{{1\ov 2}}
+\def\al{\alpha}
+\def\Aun{A_\un}
+\def\aun{a_\un}
+\def\bullet{\cdot}
+\def\Bun{B_\un}
+\def\bun{b_\un}
+\def\de{\delta}
+\def\dx{\dot x}
+\def\ep{\varepsilon}
+\def\fa{\forall}
+\def\for{{\rm for}}
+\def\Lai{\Lambda}
+\def\lb{\left[}
+\def\lg{\left\{}
+\def\degr{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
+\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
+\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
+\def\liminfuu{{\rm lim inf}\,}
+\def\liminfu{\mathop{\vphantom{\tst\sum}\hbox{\liminfuu}}}
+\def\limsupuu{{\rm lim sup}\,}
+\def\limsupu{\mathop{\vphantom{\tst\sum}\hbox{\limsupuu}}}
+\def\lr{\left(}
+\def\lss{\left\|}
+\def\Min{{\rm Min\,}}
+\def\NN{\bbbn}
+\def\ol{\overline}
+\def\om{\omega}
+\def\ov{\over}
+\def\rb{\right]}
+\def\rg{\right\}}
+\def\RRn{\bbbr^{2n}}
+\def\RR{\bbbr}
+\def\rr{\right)}
+\def\rss{\right\|}
+\def\sm{\setminus}
+\def\tst{\textstyle}
+\def\tx{\wt x}
+\def\un{\infty}
+\def\wt{\widetilde}
+\def\ZZ{\bbbz}
+\documentstyle{jns}
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{Haupttitel 14 pt halbfett/Title boldface -- 14/16}
+\titlerunning{Expression of Cellular Oncogenes}
+\subtitle{Untertitel 10 pt halbfett/Subtitle boldface -- 10/11}
+
+\author{Ivar Ekeland\inst{1} and Roger Temam\inst{2}}
+\authorrunning{R. M\"uller}
+
+\institute{Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
+\and
+Universit\'e de Paris-Sud,
+Laboratoire d'Analyse Num\'erique, B\^atiment 425,\\
+F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France}
+
+\date{Received June 5, 1989}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+A new variant of the multi-grid algorithms is presented. It uses
+multiple coarse-grid corrections with particularly associated
+prolongations and restrictions. In this paper the robustness with
+respect to anisotropic problems is considered.
+
+\keywords multi-grid method -- coarse--grid correction --
+singular perturbation -- robustness.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{The Anisotropic Equation and Standard Multi-Grid Methods}
+\subsection{Introduction}
+Multi-grid methods are known as very fast solvers of a large class of
+discretised partial differential equations. However, the multi-grid
+method cannot be understood as a fixed algorithm. Usually, the
+components of the multi-grid iteration have to be adapted to the given
+problem and sometimes the problems are modified in order to make them
+acceptable for multi-grid methods. In particular, the smoothing
+iteration is the most delicated part of the multi-grid process.
+
+An iteration is called a {\em robust} one, if it works for a sufficient
+large class of problems. Attempts have been made to construct robust
+multi-grid iterations by means of sophisticated smoothing processes\dots
+\newpage
+With this chapter, the preliminaries are over, and we begin the search
+for periodic solutions to Hamiltonian systems. All this will be done in
+the convex case; that is, we shall study the boundary-value problem
+\begin{eqnarray*}\dot x&=&JH' (t,x)\\ x(0) &=& x(T)
+\end{eqnarray*}
+with $H(t,\bullet )$ a convex function of $x$, going to $+\un$ when
+$\lss x\rss \to \un$.
+
+\subsection{Autonomous Systems}
+In this section, we will consider the case when the Hamiltonian $H(x)$
+is autonomous. For the sake of simplicity, we shall also assume that it
+is $C^1$.
+
+We shall first consider the question of nontriviality, within the
+general framework of $\lr \Aun , \Bun\rr$-subquadratic Hamiltonians. In
+the second subsection, we shall look into the special case when $H$ is
+$\lr 0,\bun\rr$-subquadratic, and we shall try to derive additional
+information.
+\subsubsection{ The General Case: Nontriviality.}
+We assume that $H$ is $\lr \Aun , \Bun \rr$-sub\-qua\-dra\-tic at infinity,
+for some constant symmetric matrices $\Aun$ and $\Bun$, with $\Bun
+-\Aun$ positive definite. Set:
+\begin{eqnarray}
+\gamma :&=&{\rm smallest\ eigenvalue\ of}\ \ \Bun - \Aun \\
+\lambda : &=& {\rm largest\ negative\ eigenvalue\ of}\ \ J {d\ov dt}
++\Aun\ . \end{eqnarray}
+
+Theorem 21 tells us that if $\lambda +\gamma < 0$, the boundary-value
+problem:
+\begin{equation}\begin{array}{rcl} \dx&=&JH' (x)\\
+x(0)&=&x (T)\end{array}\end{equation}
+has at least one solution $\ol x$, which is found by minimizing the dual
+action functional:
+\begin{equation} \psi (u) = \int_o^T \lb \12 \lr \Lai_o^{-1} u,u\rr + N^\ast (-u)\rb
+dt\end{equation}
+
+\noindent on the range of $\Lai$, which is a subspace $R (\Lai )\sb L^2$ with
+finite codimension. Here
+\begin{equation} N(x) := H(x) - \12 \lr \Aun x,x\rr\end{equation}
+is a convex function, and
+\begin{equation} N(x) \le \12 \lr \lr \Bun - \Aun\rr x,x\rr + c\ \ \ \fa x\
+.\end{equation}
+
+\begin{proposition} Assume $H'(0)=0$ and $ H(0)=0$. Set:
+\begin{equation} \de := \liminfu_{x\to 0} 2 N (x) \lss x\rss^{-2}\ .
+\label{eq:one}
+\end{equation}
+
+If $\gamma < - \lambda < \de$, the solution $\ol u$ is non-zero:
+\begin{equation} \ol x (t) \ne 0\ \ \ \fa t\ .\end{equation}
+\end{proposition}
+\begin{proof} Condition (\ref{eq:one}) means that, for every $\de ' >
+\de$, there is some $\ep > 0$ such that
+\begin{equation} \lss x\rss \le \ep \Rightarrow N (x) \le {\de '\ov 2} \lss x\rss^2\
+.\end{equation}
+
+It is an exercise in convex analysis, into which we shall not go, to
+show that this implies that there is an $\eta > 0$ such that
+\begin{equation} f\lss x\rss \le \eta \Rightarrow N^\ast (y) \le {1\ov 2\de '} \lss
+y\rss^2\ .\label{eq:two}\end{equation}
+
+\begin{figure}
+\vspace{2.5cm}
+\caption{This is the caption of the figure displaying a white eagle and
+a white horse on a snow field}
+\end{figure}
+
+Since $u_1$ is a smooth function, we will have $\lss hu_1\rss_\un \le
+\eta$ for $h$ small enough, and inequality (\ref{eq:two}) will hold,
+yielding thereby:
+\begin{equation} \psi (hu_1) \le {h^2\ov 2} {1\ov \lambda} \lss u_1 \rss_2^2 + {h^2\ov 2}
+{1\ov \de '} \lss u_1\rss^2\ .\end{equation}
+
+If we choose $\de '$ close enough to $\de$, the quantity $\lr {1\ov \lambda}
++ {1\ov \de '}\rr$ will be negative, and we end up with
+\begin{equation} \psi (hu_1) < 0\ \ \ \ \ \for\
+\ h\ne 0\ \ {\rm small}\ .\end{equation}
+
+On the other hand, we check directly that $\psi (0) = 0$. This shows
+that 0 cannot be a minimizer of $\psi$, not even a local one. So $\ol u
+\ne 0$ and $\ol u \ne \Lai_o^{-1} (0) = 0$. \qed
+\end{proof}
+\begin{corollary} Assume $H$ is $C^2$ and $\lr \aun
+,\bun\rr$-subquadratic at infinity. Let
+$\xi_1,\allowbreak\dots,\allowbreak\xi_N$ be the
+equilibria, that is, the solutions of $H' (\xi ) = 0$. Denote by $\om_k$
+the smallest eigenvalue of $H'' \lr \xi_k\rr$, and set:
+\begin{equation} \om : = \Min \lg \om_1 , \dots , \om_k\rg\ .\end{equation}
+If:
+\begin{equation} {T\ov 2\pi} \bun < - E \lb - {T\ov 2\pi}\aun\rb < {T\ov
+2\pi}\om\label{eq:three}\end{equation}
+then minimization of $\psi$ yields a non-constant $T$-periodic solution
+$\ol x$.\end{corollary}
+
+We recall once more that by the integer part $E [\al ]$ of $\al \in
+\RR$, we mean the $a\in \ZZ$ such that $a< \al \le a+1$. For instance,
+if we take $\aun = 0$, Corollary 2 tells us that $\ol x$ exists and is
+non-constant provided that:
+
+\begin{equation} {T\ov 2\pi} \bun < 1 < {T\ov 2\pi}\end{equation}
+or
+\begin{equation} T\in \lr {2\pi\ov \om},{2\pi\ov \bun}\rr\ .
+\label{eq:four}\end{equation}
+
+\begin{proof} The spectrum of $\Lai$ is ${2\pi\ov T} \ZZ +\aun$. The
+largest negative eigenvalue $\lambda$ is given by ${2\pi\ov T}k_o +\aun$,
+where
+\begin{equation} {2\pi\ov T}k_o + \aun < 0\le {2\pi\ov T} (k_o +1) + \aun\
+.\end{equation}
+Hence:
+\begin{equation} k_o = E \lb - {T\ov 2\pi} \aun\rb \ .\end{equation}
+
+The condition $\gamma < -\lambda < \de$ now becomes:
+\begin{equation} \bun - \aun < - {2\pi\ov T} k_o -\aun < \om -\aun\end{equation}
+which is precisely condition (\ref{eq:three}).\qed
+\end{proof}
+
+\begin{lemma} Assume that $H$ is $C^2$ on $\RRn \sm \{ 0\}$ and
+that $H'' (x)$ is non-de\-gen\-er\-ate for any $x\ne 0$. Then any local
+minimizer $\tx$ of $\psi$ has minimal period $T$.\end{lemma}
+\begin{proof} We know that $\tx$, or $\tx + \xi$ for some constant $\xi
+\in \RRn$, is a $T$-periodic solution of the Hamiltonian system:
+\begin{equation} \dx = JH' (x)\ .\end{equation}
+
+There is no loss of generality in taking $\xi = 0$. So $\psi (x) \ge
+\psi (\tx )$ for all $\tx$ in some neighbourhood of $x$ in $W^{1,2} \lr
+\RR / T\ZZ ; \RRn\rr$.
+
+But this index is precisely the index $i_T (\tx )$ of the $T$-periodic
+solution $\tx$ over the interval $(0,T)$, as defined in Sect.~2.6. So
+\begin{equation} i_T (\tx ) = 0\ .\label{eq:five}\end{equation}
+
+Now if $\tx$ has a lower period, $T/k$ say, we would have, by Corollary
+31:
+\begin{equation} i_T (\tx ) = i_{kT/k}(\tx ) \ge ki_{T/k} (\tx ) + k-1 \ge k-1 \ge
+1\ .\end{equation}
+
+This would contradict (\ref{eq:five}), and thus cannot happen.\qed
+\end{proof}
+\paragraph{Notes and Comments.} The results in this section are a
+refined version of \cite{clar:eke}; the minimality result of Proposition
+14 was the first of its kind.
+
+To understand the nontriviality conditions, such as the one in formula
+(\ref{eq:four}), one may think of a one-parameter family $x_T$, $T\in
+\lr 2\pi\om^{-1}, 2\pi \bun^{-1}\rr$ of periodic solutions, $x_T (0) =
+x_T (T)$, with $x_T$ going away to infinity when $T\to 2\pi \om^{-1}$,
+which is the period of the linearized system at 0.
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption[ ]{Observational results from NGC 4827}
+\begin{flushleft}
+\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}
+\begin{tabular}{llllllllllllll}
+\hline
+ & & \multicolumn{3}{l}{RA (1950)} &\ & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Dec (1950)}
+ & $S$ & Pol & \% & $\log P$\\
+\cline{3-5}\cline{7-9}
+ & &(h) &(m) & (s) & & (\degr) & (\arcmin) & (\arcsec)
+ & (mJy) & (mJy) & & (W Hz$^{-1}$)\\
+\hline
+Core & (5 GHz) & 12 & 54 & 18.0 & & 27 & 26 & 56.2
+ & 8 & & & 21.64 \\
+Total&(327 MHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 210 & & & 23.13 \\
+ &(1.4 GHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 57 & 1.3 & 2 & 22.49 \\
+ & (5 GHz) & & & & & & &
+ & 26 & 0.73 & 3 & 22.15 \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}
+\end{flushleft}
+\end{table}
+\begin{theorem} [(Ghoussoub-Preiss)] Assume $H(t,x)$ is
+$(0,\ep )$-subquadratic at
+infinity for all $\ep > 0$, and $T$-periodic in $t$
+\begin{equation} H (t,\bullet )\ \ \ \ \ {\rm is\ convex}\ \ \fa t\end{equation}
+\begin{equation} H (\bullet ,x)\ \ \ \ \ {\rm is}\ \ T{\rm -periodic}\ \ \fa x
+\end{equation}
+\begin{equation} H (t,x)\ge n\lr \lss x\rss\rr\ \ \ \ \ {\rm with}\ \ n (s)s^{-1}\to
+\un\ \ {\rm as}\ \ s\to \un\end{equation}
+\begin{equation} \fa \ep > 0\ ,\ \ \ \exists c\ :\ H(t,x) \le {\ep\ov 2}\lss x\rss^2 +
+c\ .\end{equation}
+
+Assume also that $H$ is $C^2$, and $H'' (t,x)$ is positive definite
+everywhere. Then there is a sequence $x_k$, $k\in \NN$, of $kT$-periodic
+solutions of the system
+\begin{equation} \dx = JH' (t,x)\end{equation}
+such that, for every $k\in \NN$, there is some $p_o\in\NN$ with:
+\begin{equation} p\ge p_o\Rightarrow x_{pk} \ne x_k\ .
+\end{equation}
+\qed
+\end{theorem}
+\begin{example} [{\rm(External forcing)}] Consider the system:
+\begin{equation} \dx = JH' (x) + f(t)\end{equation}
+where the Hamiltonian $H$ is $\lr 0,\bun\rr$-subquadratic, and the
+forcing term is a distribution on the circle:
+\begin{equation} f = {d\ov dt} F + f_o\ \ \ \ \ {\rm with}\ \ F\in L^2 \lr \RR / T\ZZ
+; \RRn\rr\ ,\end{equation}
+where $f_o : = T^{-1}\int_o^T f (t) dt$. For instance,
+\begin{equation} f (t) = \sum_{k\in \NN} \de_k \xi\ ,\end{equation}
+where $\de_k$ is the Dirac mass at $t= k$ and $\xi \in \RRn$ is a
+constant, fits the prescription. This means that the system $\dx = JH'
+(x)$ is being excited by a series of identical shocks at interval $T$.
+\end{example}
+\begin{definition} Let $A_\un (t)$ and $B_\un (t)$ be symmetric
+operators in $\RRn$, depending continuously on $t\in [0,T]$, such that
+$A_\un (t) \le B_\un (t)$ for all $t$.
+
+A Borelian function $H: [0,T]\times \RRn \to \RR$ is called $\lr A_\un
+,B_\un\rr$-{\it subquadratic at infinity} if there exists a function
+$N(t,x)$ such that:
+\begin{equation} H (t,x) = \12 \lr A_\un (t) x,x\rr + N(t,x)\end{equation}
+\begin{equation} \fa t\ ,\ \ \ N(t,x)\ \ \ \ \ {\rm is\ convex\ with\ respect\ to}\
+\ x\end{equation}
+\begin{equation} N(t,x) \ge n\lr \lss x\rss\rr\ \ \ \ \ {\rm with}\ \ n(s)s^{-1}\to
++\un\ \ {\rm as}\ \ s\to +\un\end{equation}
+\begin{equation} \exists c\in \RR\ :\ \ \ H (t,x) \le \12 \lr B_\un (t) x,x\rr + c\ \
+\ \fa x\ .\end{equation}
+
+If $A_\un (t) = a_\un I$ and $B_\un (t) = b_\un I$, with $a_\un \le
+b_\un \in \RR$, we shall say that $H$ is $\lr a_\un
+,b_\un\rr$-subquadratic at infinity. As an example, the function $\lss x
+\rss^\al$, with $1\le \al < 2$, is $(0,\ep )$-subquadratic at infinity
+for every $\ep > 0$. Similarly, the Hamiltonian
+\begin{equation} H (t,x) = \12 k \lss k\rss^2 +\lss x\rss^\al\end{equation}
+is $(k,k+\ep )$-subquadratic for every $\ep > 0$. Note that, if $k<0$,
+it is not convex.
+\end{definition}
+
+\paragraph{Notes and Comments.} The first results on subharmonics were
+obtained by Rabinowitz in \cite{rab}, who showed the existence of
+infinitely many subharmonics both in the subquadratic and superquadratic
+case, with suitable growth conditions on $H'$. Again the duality
+approach enabled Clarke and Ekeland in \cite{clar:eke:2} to treat the
+same problem in the convex-subquadratic case, with growth conditions on
+$H$ only.
+
+Recently, Michalek and Tarantello (see \cite{mich:tar} and \cite{tar})
+have obtained lower bound on the number of subharmonics of period $kT$,
+based on symmetry considerations and on pinching estimates, as in
+Sect.~5.2 of this article.
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{MT1}
+\bibitem[CE1]{clar:eke} Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.: Nonlinear oscillations
+and
+boundary-value problems for Hamiltonian systems. Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal.
+{\bf 78} (1982) 315--333
+\bibitem[CE2]{clar:eke:2} Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.: Solutions
+p\'eriodiques, du
+p\'eriode donn\'ee, des \'equations hamiltoniennes. Note CRAS Paris {\bf
+287} (1978) 1013--1015
+\bibitem[MT1]{mich:tar} Michalek, R., Tarantello, G.: Subharmonic
+solutions with
+prescribed minimal period for nonautonomous Hamiltonian systems. J.
+Diff. Eq. {\bf 72} (1988) 28--55
+\bibitem[Ta1]{tar} Tarantello, G.: Subharmonic solutions for Hamiltonian
+systems via a $\bbbz_p$ pseudoindex theory. Annali di Matematica Pura
+(to appear)
+\bibitem[Ra1]{rab} Rabinowitz, P.: On subharmonic solutions of a
+Hamiltonian
+system. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. {\bf 33} (1980) 609--633
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsl.doc b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsl.doc
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsl.doc
@@ -0,0 +1,1162 @@
+% This is JNSL.DOC the documentation file of
+% the LaTeX macro package from Springer-Verlag
+% for the Journal of Nonlinear Science
+% version of 16 July 1990
+\documentstyle[jnsldoc]{jns}
+%
+\newfont{\titelfont}{cmr10 scaled 1728}
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+\newfont{\titelbigfont}{cmr10 scaled 2488}
+\markboth{Style File for Authors Coding with \LaTeX{}}{Style File
+for Authors Coding with \LaTeX{}}
+%
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+\thispagestyle{empty}
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+{\titelbffont for Authors Coding with \LaTex{}}\\[2cm]
+\end{flushleft}
+\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}
+\vspace{2pt}
+\begin{flushright}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}l}
+{\titelbigfont The Journal of}\\[9pt]
+{\titelbigfont Nonlinear Science}\\[10pt]
+\end{tabular}
+\end{flushright}
+\rule{\textwidth}{1pt}
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+conventional way.
+%
+\newpage
+\tableofcontents
+\newpage
+%
+\section{Introduction}
+%
+Authors wishing to code their contribution
+for the
+\begin{center}
+{\it Journal of Nonlinear Science,}
+\end{center}
+with \LaTeX{}, as well as those who have already coded with \LaTeX{},
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+which are not provided by \LaTeX{} (e.g.\
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+%
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+%
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+\documentstyle{jns}|
+%
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+the JNS Style File}
+%
+If your file is already coded with \LaTeX{} you can easily
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+%
+\section{General Rules for Coding Formulas}
+%
+With mathematical formulas you may proceed as described
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+{\it Sample Input}
+\end{flushleft}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{equation}
+ \left(\frac{a^{2} + b^{2}}{c^{3}} \right) = 1 \quad
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+\end{verbatim}
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+\subsection{Italic and Roman Type in Math Mode}
+%
+\begin{alpherate}
+\item
+In math mode \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} treat all letters as though they
+were mathematical or physical variables, hence they are typeset in
+italics. However, for certain components of formulas, like short texts,
+this would be incorrect and therefore coding in roman is required.
+Roman should also be used for
+subscripts and superscripts {\it in formulas\/} where these are
+merely labels and not in themselves variables,
+e.g.\ $T_{\rm eff}$ \ not \ $T_{eff}$,
+$T_{\rm K}$ \ not \ $T_K$ (K = Kelvin),
+$m_{\rm e}$ \ not \ $m_e$ (e = electron).
+However, do not code for roman
+if the sub/superscripts represent variables,
+e.g.\ $\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_{i}$.
+\item
+Please ensure that {\em physical units\/} (e.g.\ pc, erg s$^{-1}$
+K, cm$^{-3}$, W m$^{-2}$ Hz$^{-1}$, m kg s$^{-2}$ A$^{-2}$) and
+{\it abbreviations} such as Ord, Var, GL, SL, sgn, const.\
+are always set in roman type. To ensure
+this use the \verb|\rm| command: \verb|{\rm Hz}|.
+On p.\ 46 of the {\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference
+Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport you will find the names of
+common mathe\-matical functions, such as log, sin, exp, max and sup.
+These should be coded as \verb|\log|,
+\verb|\sin|, \verb|\exp|, \verb|\max|, \verb|\sup|
+and will appear in roman.
+\item
+Chemical symbols and formulas should be coded for roman,
+e.g.\ Fe not $Fe$, H$_2$O not {\em H$_2$O\/}.
+\item
+Familiar foreign words and phrases, e.g.\ et al.,
+a priori, in situ, brems\-strah\-lung, eigenvalues should not be
+italicized.
+\end{alpherate}
+%
+\section{How to Edit Your Input (Source) File}
+\label{refedit}
+%
+\subsection{Headings}
+%
+All words in headings should be capitalized except for
+conjunctions, prepositions
+(e.g.\ on, of, by, and, or, but, from, with, without, under)
+and definite and indefinite articles (the, a, an) unless they appear at
+the beginning. Formula letters must be typeset as in the text.
+%
+\subsection{Capitalization and Non-capitalization}
+%
+\begin{alpherate}
+\item
+The following should always be capitalized:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+Headings (see preceding Sect.\,4.1)
+\item
+Abbreviations and expressions
+in the text such as Fig(s)., Table(s), Sect(s)., Chap(s).,
+Theorem, Corollary, Definition etc. when used with numbers, e.g.\
+Fig.\,3, Table\,1, Theorem 2.
+\end{itemize}
+Please follow the special rules in Sect.\,4.3 for referring to equations.
+\item
+The following should {\it not\/} be capitalized:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item
+The words figure(s), table(s), equation(s),
+theorem(s) in the text when used without an accompanying number
+\item
+Figure legends and table captions except for names and
+abbreviations.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{alpherate}
+%
+\subsection{Abbreviation of Words}
+%
+\begin{alpherate}
+\item
+The following {\it should} be abbreviated
+when they appear in running text {\it
+unless\/} they come at the beginning of a sentence: Chap., Sect., Fig.;
+e.g.\ The results are depicted in Fig.\,5. Figure 9 reveals that \dots .\\
+{\it Please note\/}: Equations should usually be referred to solely by their
+number in parentheses: e.g.\ (14). However, when the reference comes at the
+beginning of a sentence, the unabbreviated word ``Equation''
+should be used: e.g.\ Equation (14) is very important. However, (15)
+makes it clear that \dots .
+\item
+If abbreviations of names or concepts are used
+throughout the text, they should be defined at first occurrence,
+e.g.\ Plurisubharmonic (PSH) Functions, Strong Optimization (SOPT)
+Problem.
+\end{alpherate}
+%
+\section{How to Code the Beginning of Your Contribution}
+\label{contbegin}
+%
+The title of your contribution should be coded as follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\title{<Your contribution title>}
+\end{verbatim}
+All words in titles should be capitalized except for
+conjunctions, prepositions
+(e.g.\ on, of, by, and, or, but, from, with, without, under)
+and definite and indefinite articles (the, a, an) unless they appear at
+the beginning. Formula letters must be typeset as in the text.
+Titles have no end punctuation.
+
+If a long \verb|\title| must be divided please use the
+code \verb|\\| (for new line).\\[6mm]
+Now the name(s) of the authors(s) must be given:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{<author(s) name(s)>}
+\end{verbatim}
+Numbers referring to different addresses are
+to be attached to each author.
+If you have done this correctly, the entry now reads, for example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\author{Ivar Ekeland\inst{1} and Roger Temam\inst{2}}
+\end{verbatim}
+The first name\footnote{Other initials are optional
+and may be inserted if this is the usual
+way of writing your name, e.g.\ Alfred J.~Holmes, E.~Henry Green.}
+is followed by the surname.
+
+If there is more than one author, the order is up to you.
+However, if there are more than two authors, you must separate the names
+by commas. If the authors have different affiliations,
+each name has to be followed by:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\inst{no}
+\end{verbatim}
+\newpage
+Next the address(es) of institute(s), company etc. is (are) required.
+If there is more than one address, the entries are numbered
+automatically with \verb|\and|, in the order in which you type them.
+Please make sure that the numbers match those placed next to
+to the authors' names.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\institute{<name of an institute>
+\and <name of the next institute>
+\and <name of the next institute>}
+\end{verbatim}
+Unlike usual \LaTeX{} the \verb|\and| command is used with the
+\verb|\institute| and not with the \verb|\author| command.
+
+\medskip
+If footnotes are needed in \verb|\title| please code
+(immediately after the word where the footnote
+indicator should be placed):
+\begin{verbatim}
+\thanks{<text>}
+\end{verbatim}
+\verb|\thanks| may only appear in \verb|\title|, \verb|\author|
+and \verb|\institute| (see below) to footnote anything.
+
+\medskip\noindent
+The command
+\begin{verbatim}
+\maketitle
+\end{verbatim}
+formats the complete heading of your article. If you leave
+it out the work done so far will produce {\bf no} text,
+see {\it Sample Input} on p.~\pageref{samppage}.
+%
+\section{How to Code Your Text}
+%
+The contribution title and all headings should be capitalized
+except for conjunctions, prepositions
+(e.g.\ on, of, by, and, or, but, from, with, without, under)
+and definite and indefinite articles (the, a, an) unless they appear at
+the beginning. Formula letters must be typeset as in the text.
+
+Headings will be automatically numbered by the following codes.\\[2mm]
+{\it Sample Input}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\section{This is a First-Order Title}
+\subsection{This is a Second-Order Title}
+\subsubsection{This is a Third-Order Title.}
+\paragraph{This is a Fourth-Order Title.}
+\end{verbatim}
+\verb|\section| and \verb|\subsection| have no end punctuation.\\
+\verb|\subsubsection| and \verb|\paragraph|
+need to be punctuated at the end.
+
+Note that \verb|\title| and \verb|\author| will create the page
+header (running head), but it may happen that you need to shorten your
+title for the page header, because only one line is allowed (our macro
+will produce an error message whereupon you must provide a shortened
+version of the title for the page header). In this case you should use
+the following coding directly after the coding of \verb|\title|
+or \verb|\author|.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\titlerunning{Abbreviated contribution title}
+\authorrunning{Abbreviated authors}
+\end{verbatim}
+\newpage
+In addition to the above-mentioned headings your text may be structured
+by subsections indicated by run-in headings (theorem-like environments).
+All the theorem-like environments are numbered automatically
+throughout the sections of your file.
+If you call lemma once, this will be numbered 1; if corollary follows,
+this will be numbered 2; if you then call lemma again, this will be
+numbered 3.
+
+But in case you want to reset this counter at 1 in each section,
+please give the document style option \verb|envcountreset|:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentstyle[envcountreset]{jns}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\vspace{.5cm}\noindent
+The following possibilities for run-in headings are available:
+\begin{flushleft}
+\verb|\begin{lemma} Text of the lemma \end{lemma}|\quad (see Output
+Sample 1)\\[2mm]
+%
+\verb|\begin{lemma}[additional explanation of lemma] Text of
+lemma \end{lemma}| \quad (see Output Sample 2)\\[2mm]
+%
+\verb|\begin{lemma}(overriding automatic numbering.) Text of the lemma
+\end{lemma}| \quad (see Output Sample 3)\\[2mm]
+%
+\verb|\begin{lemma}(x)[additional explanation of lemma] Text of
+lemma\end{lemma}| \quad (see Output Sample 4)\\[2mm]
+%
+\verb|\begin{lemma}* Text of lemma \end{lemma}| \quad (see Output
+Sample 5)\\[2mm]
+%
+\verb|\begin{lemma}*[additional explanation of lemma] Text of
+lemma\end{lemma}| \quad (see Output Sample 6)
+\end{flushleft}
+%
+\begin{flushleft}
+{\it Output Sample 1}
+\begin{lemma}Text of lemma\end{lemma}
+%
+{\it Output Sample 2}
+\begin{lemma}[additional explanation of lemma] Text of lemma\end{lemma}
+%
+{\it Output Sample 3}
+\begin{lemma}(overriding automatic numbering.) Text of lemma\end{lemma}
+%
+{\it Output Sample 4}
+\begin{lemma}(x)[additional explanation of lemma] Text of lemma\end{lemma}
+%
+{\it Output Sample 5}
+\begin{lemma}* Text of lemma\end{lemma}
+%
+{\it Output Sample 6}
+\begin{lemma}*[additional explanation of lemma] Text of lemma\end{lemma}
+\end{flushleft}
+\newpage
+\noindent
+The following variety of run-in headings are at your disposal:
+\begin{alpherate}
+\item
+{\bf Bold} run-in headings with italicized text
+as built-in environments:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{proposition} <text> \end{proposition}
+\begin{corollary} <text> \end{corollary}
+\begin{lemma} <text> \end{lemma}
+\begin{theorem} <text> \end{theorem}
+\end{verbatim}
+\item
+The following must generally appear as {\it italic} run-in heading:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{proof} <text> \qed \end{proof}
+\end{verbatim}
+\item
+Further {\it italic} or {\bf bold} run-in headings may also occur:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{definition} <text> \end{definition}
+\begin{example} <text> \end{example}
+\begin{remark} <text> \end{remark}
+\begin{exercise} <text> \end{exercise}
+\begin{problem} <text> \end{problem}
+\begin{solution} <text> \end{solution}
+\begin{note} <text> \end{note}
+\begin{question} <text> \end{question}
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{alpherate}
+%
+\subsubsection*{Defining Your Own Environments.}
+%
+You can define additional environments using the command
+\verb|\newstytheorem| which has five parameters. The first is the name
+your environment should have (e.g.\ \verb|conjecture|).
+After this follows the
+font family used for this heading (please use only \verb|\bf| for bold
+or \verb|\it| for italic) and the font family to use for the text of
+this new environment (e.g.\ \verb|\it| or \verb|\rm|). Then the name of
+an already known environment should be given in brackets (e.g.\
+\verb|[theorem]|). Your new environment will be numbered like the old
+one. Finally comes the real text of the new run-in heading (e.g.\
+\verb|Conjecture|).\\
+Sample definition:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newstytheorem{conjecture}{\bf}{\it}[theorem]{Conjecture}
+\end{verbatim}
+\newstytheorem{conjecture}{\bf}{\it}[theorem]{Conjecture}
+Use of that definition:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{conjecture} <text> \end{conjecture}
+\end{verbatim}
+e.g.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{conjecture} It is clear that ...\end{conjecture}
+\end{verbatim}
+Its output:
+\begin{conjecture}
+It is clear that \dots
+\end{conjecture}
+\newpage
+%
+\noindent
+{\it Sample Input}
+\label{samppage}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\title{Hamiltonian Mechanics}
+
+\author{Ivar Ekeland\inst{1} and Roger Temam\inst{2}}
+
+\institute{Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
+\and
+Universit\'{e} de Paris-Sud,
+Laboratoire d'Analyse Num\'{e}rique, B\^{a}timent 425,\\
+F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France}
+
+\maketitle
+%
+\section{Fixed-Period Problems: The Sublinear Case}
+%
+With this chapter, the preliminaries are over, and we begin the
+search for periodic solutions \dots
+%
+\subsection{Autonomous Systems}
+%
+In this section we will consider the case when the Hamiltonian
+$H(x)$ \dots
+%
+\subsubsection*{The General Case: Nontriviality.}
+%
+We assume that $H$ is
+$\left(A_{\infty}, B_{\infty}\right)$-subqua\-dra\-tic
+at infinity, for some constant \dots
+%
+\paragraph{Notes and Comments.}
+The first results on subharmonics were \dots
+%
+\begin{proposition}
+Assume $H'(0)=0$ and $ H(0)=0$. Set \dots
+\end{proposition}
+\begin{proof}[of proposition]
+Condition (8) means that, for every $\delta'>\delta$, there is
+some $\varepsilon>0$ such that \dots \qed
+\end{proof}
+%
+\begin{example}[\rm (External forcing)]
+Consider the system \dots
+\end{example}
+\begin{corollary}
+Assume $H$ is $C^{2}$ and
+$\left(a_{\infty}, b_{\infty}\right)$-subquadratic
+at infinity. Let \dots
+\end{corollary}
+\begin{lemma}
+Assume that $H$ is $C^{2}$ on $\bbbr^{2n}\backslash \{0\}$
+and that $H''(x)$ is \dots
+\end{lemma}
+\begin{theorem}[(Ghoussoub-Preiss)]
+Let $X$ be a Banach Space and $\Phi:X\to\bbbr$ \dots
+\end{theorem}
+\begin{definition}
+We shall say that a $C^{1}$ function $\Phi:X\to\bbbr$
+satisfies \dots
+\end{definition}
+\end{verbatim}
+{\it Sample Output\/} (follows on the next page together with
+examples of the above run-in headings)
+%
+\setcounter{theorem}{0}
+\title{Hamiltonian Mechanics}
+
+\author{Ivar Ekeland\inst{1} and Roger Temam\inst{2}}
+
+\institute{Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA
+\and
+Universit\'{e} de Paris-Sud,
+Laboratoire d'Analyse Num\'{e}rique, B\^{a}timent 425,\\
+F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France}
+
+\maketitle
+%
+\section*{1 \ Fixed-Period Problems: The Sublinear Case}
+%
+With this chapter, the preliminaries are over, and we begin the search
+for periodic solutions \dots
+%
+\subsection*{1.1 \ Autonomous Systems}
+%
+In this section we will consider the case when the Hamiltonian
+$H(x)$ \dots
+%
+\subsubsection*{The General Case: Nontriviality.}
+%
+We assume that $H$ is
+$\left(A_{\infty}, B_{\infty}\right)$-subqua\-dra\-tic at
+infinity, for some constant \dots
+%
+\paragraph{Notes and Comments.}
+The first results on subharmonics were \dots
+%
+\begin{proposition}
+Assume $H'(0)=0$ and $ H(0)=0$. Set \dots
+\end{proposition}
+\begin{proof}[of proposition]
+Condition (8) means that, for every $\delta'>\delta$, there is
+some $\varepsilon>0$ such that \dots \qed
+\end{proof}
+%
+\begin{example}[\rm (External forcing)]
+Consider the system \dots
+\end{example}
+\begin{corollary}
+Assume $H$ is $C^{2}$ and
+$\left(a_{\infty}, b_{\infty}\right)$-subquadratic
+at infinity. Let \dots
+\end{corollary}
+\begin{lemma}
+Assume that $H$ is $C^{2}$ on $\bbbr^{2n}\backslash \{0\}$
+and that $H''(x)$ is \dots
+\end{lemma}
+\begin{theorem}[(Ghoussoub-Preiss)]
+Let $X$ be a Banach Space and $\Phi:X\to\bbbr$ \dots
+\end{theorem}
+\begin{definition}
+We shall say that a $C^{1}$ function $\Phi:X\to\bbbr$ satisfies \dots
+\end{definition}
+\newpage
+%
+\markboth{Style File for Authors Coding with \LaTeX{}}{Style File
+for Authors Coding with \LaTeX{}}
+\section{Fine Tuning of the Text}
+%
+The following should be used to improve the readability of the text:
+\begin{flushleft}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.19\textwidth}p{.79\textwidth}}
+\verb|\,| & a thin space, e.g.\ between numbers or between units
+ and num\-bers; a line division will not be made
+ following this space\\
+\verb|--| & en dash; two strokes, without a space at either end\\
+\verb*| -- | & en dash; two strokes, with a space at either end\\
+\verb|-| & hyphen; one stroke, no space at either end\\
+\verb|$-$| & minus, in the text {\em only} \\[8mm]
+{\em Input} & \verb|21\,$^{\circ}$C etc.,|\\
+ & \verb|Dr h.\,c.\,Rockefellar-Smith \dots|\\
+ & \verb|20,000\,km and Prof.\,Dr Mallory \dots|\\
+ & \verb|1950--1985 \dots|\\
+ & \verb|this -- written on a computer -- is now printed|\\
+ & \verb|$-30$\,K \dots|\\[3mm]
+{\em Output} & 21\,$^{\circ}$C etc., Dr h.\,c.\,Rockefellar-Smith \dots\\
+ & 20,000\,km and Prof.\,Dr Mallory \dots\\
+ & 1950--1985 \dots\\
+ & this -- written on a computer -- is now printed\\
+ & $-30$\,K \dots
+\end{tabular}
+\end{flushleft}
+%
+\section {Special Typefaces}
+%
+Normal type (roman) need not be coded. {\it Italic}
+(not {\sl slanted}) or, if necessary, {\bf boldface}
+should be used for emphasis in the text.
+\begin{flushleft}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}p{.19\textwidth}p{.79\textwidth}}
+\verb|{\it Text}| & {\it Italicized Text}\\
+\verb|{\em Text}| & {\em Emphasized Text}\\
+ & {\it If you would like to emphasize a {\em definition} within an
+ italicized text (e.g.\ of a {\em theorem)} you should code the
+ expression to be emphasized by} \verb|\em|.\\
+\verb|{\bf Text}| & {\bf Important Text}\\
+\verb|\vec{Symbol}| & Vectors may only appear in math mode. The default
+ \LaTeX{} vector symbol has been adapted to JNS conventions.\\
+ & \verb|$\vec{A times B\cdot C}| yields $\vec{A\times B\cdot C}$\\
+ & \verb|$\vec{A}^{T} \otimes \vec{B} \otimes \vec{\hat{D}}$|\\
+ & yields $\vec{A}^{T} \otimes \vec{B} \otimes \vec{\hat{D}}$
+\end{tabular}
+\end{flushleft}
+\newpage
+%
+\section {Footnotes}
+%
+Footnotes within the text should be coded:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\footnote{Text}
+\end{verbatim}
+{\it Sample Input}
+\begin{flushleft}
+Text with a footnote\verb|\footnote{The footnote is automatically
+numbered.}| and text continues \dots
+\end{flushleft}
+{\it Sample Output}
+\begin{flushleft}
+Text with a footnote\footnote{The footnote is automatically numbered.}
+and text continues \dots
+\end{flushleft}
+%
+\section {Lists}
+%
+Please code lists as described below:\\[2mm]
+{\it Sample Input}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{enumerate}
+ \item First item
+ \item Second item
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item First nested item
+ \item Second nested item
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item Third item
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{verbatim}
+{\it Sample Output}
+ \begin{enumerate}
+\item First item
+\item Second item
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item First nested item
+ \item Second nested item
+ \end{enumerate}
+\item Third item
+\end{enumerate}
+\newpage
+%
+\section {Figures}
+%
+Figure legends should be inserted after (not in)
+the paragraph in which the figure is first mentioned.
+They will be numbered automatically.
+
+{\it The figures\/} (line drawings and those containing halftone inserts
+as well as halftone figures) {\it should not be pasted into your
+laserprinter output}. They should be enclosed separately in camera-ready
+form (original artwork, glossy prints, photographs and/or slides). The
+lettering should be suitable for reproduction, and after reduction the
+height of capital letters should be at least
+1.8\,mm and not more than 2.5\,mm.
+Check that lines and other details are uniformly black and
+that the lettering on figures is clearly legible.
+
+To leave the desired amount of space for the height of
+your figures, please use the coding described below.
+As can be seen in the output, we will automatically
+provide 1\,cm space above and below the figure,
+so that you should only leave the space equivalent to the size of the
+figure itself. Please note that ``\verb|x|'' in the following
+coding stands for the actual height of the figure:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{figure}
+\vspace{x cm}
+\caption[ ]{...text of caption...} (Do type [ ])
+\end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{flushleft}
+{\it Sample Input}
+\end{flushleft}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{figure}
+\vspace{2.5cm}
+\caption{This is the caption of the figure displaying a white
+eagle and a white horse on a snow field}
+\end{figure}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{flushleft}
+{\it Sample Output}
+\end{flushleft}
+\begin{figure}
+\vspace{2.5cm}
+\caption{This is the caption of the figure displaying a white eagle and
+a white horse on a snow field}
+\end{figure}
+%
+\section{Tables}
+%
+Table captions should be treated
+in the same way as figure legends, except that
+the table captions appear {\it above} the tables. The tables
+will be numbered automatically.
+%
+\subsection{Tables Coded with \protect\LaTeX{}}
+%
+Please use the following coding:\\[2mm]
+{\it Sample Input}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{table}
+\caption[ ]{Observational results from NGC 4827}
+\begin{flushleft}
+\begin{tabular}{llllllllllllll}
+\hline
+ & & \multicolumn{3}{l}{RA (1950)} &\
+ & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Dec (1950)}
+ & $S$ & Pol & \% & $\log P$\\
+\cline{3-5}\cline{7-9}
+ & &(h) &(m) & (s) & & (\degr)
+ & (\arcmin) & (\arcsec)
+ & (mJy) & (mJy) & & (W Hz$^{-1}$)\\
+\hline
+Core & (5 GHz) & 12 & 54 & 18.0 & & 27 & 26 & 56.2
+ & 8 & & & 21.64 \\
+Total&(327 MHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 210 & & & 23.13 \\
+ &(1.4 GHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 57 & 1.3 & 2 & 22.49 \\
+ & (5 GHz) & & & & & & &
+ & 26 & 0.73 & 3 & 22.15 \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{flushleft}
+\end{table}
+
+Before continuing your text you need an empty line. \dots
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{table}
+\caption[ ]{Observational results from NGC 4827}
+\begin{flushleft}
+\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}
+\begin{tabular}{llllllllllllll}
+\hline
+ & & \multicolumn{3}{l}{RA (1950)} &\ & \multicolumn{3}{l}{Dec (1950)}
+ & $S$ & Pol & \% & $\log P$\\
+\cline{3-5}\cline{7-9}
+ & &(h) &(m) & (s) & & (\degr) & (\arcmin) & (\arcsec)
+ & (mJy) & (mJy) & & (W Hz$^{-1}$)\\
+\hline
+Core & (5 GHz) & 12 & 54 & 18.0 & & 27 & 26 & 56.2
+ & 8 & & & 21.64 \\
+Total&(327 MHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 210 & & & 23.13 \\
+ &(1.4 GHz)& & & & & & &
+ & 57 & 1.3 & 2 & 22.49 \\
+ & (5 GHz) & & & & & & &
+ & 26 & 0.73 & 3 & 22.15 \\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}
+\end{flushleft}
+\end{table}
+
+Before continuing your text you need an empty line. \dots
+
+\vspace{3mm}
+For further information you will find a complete description of
+the tabular environment
+on p.~63~ff. and p.~182 of the {\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference
+Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport.
+%
+\subsection{Tables Not Coded with \protect\LaTeX{}}
+%
+If you do not wish to code your table using \LaTeX{}
+but prefer to have it reproduced separately,
+proceed as for figures and use the following coding:\\[2mm]
+{\it Sample Input}
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{table}
+\caption{text of your caption}
+\vspace{x cm} % the actual height needed for your table
+\end{table}
+\end{verbatim}
+%
+\subsection{Signs and Characters}
+%
+\subsubsection*{Special Signs.}
+%
+You may need to use special signs. The available ones are listed in the
+{\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport,
+pp.~44\,ff.
+We have created further symbols for math mode (enclosed in \$):
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1em}yields\hspace{1em}}
+c@{\hspace{3em}}l@{\hspace{1em}yields\hspace{1em}}c}
+\verb|\grole| & $\grole$ & \verb|\getsto| & $\getsto$\\
+\verb|\lid| & $\lid$ & \verb|\gid| & $\gid$
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+%
+\subsubsection*{Gothic (Fraktur).}
+%
+If gothic letters are {\it necessary}, please use those of the
+relevant \AmSTeX{} alphabet which are available from the
+American Mathematical Society.
+
+In \LaTeX{} only the following gothic letters are
+available: \verb|$\Re$| yields $\Re$ and \verb|$\Im$| yields $\Im$.
+These should {\it not\/} be used when you need gothic letters for your
+contribution. Use \AmSTeX{} gothic as explained above.
+For the real and the imaginary parts of a complex number within math mode
+you should use instead: \verb|$\rm Re$| (which yields Re) or
+\verb|$\rm Im$| (which yields Im).
+%
+\subsubsection*{Script.}
+%
+For script capitals use the coding
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{l@{\hspace{1em}which yields\hspace{1em}}c}
+\verb|$\cal AB$| & $\cal AB$
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+(see p.~43 of the \LaTeX{} book).
+%
+\subsubsection*{Special Roman.}
+%
+If you need other symbols than those below, you could use
+the blackboard bold characters of \AmSTeX{}, but there might arise
+capacity problems
+in loading additional \AmSTeX{} fonts. Therefore we created
+the blackboard bold characters listed below.
+\begin{flushleft}
+\begin{tabular}{@{}ll@{ yields }
+c@{\hspace{1.1em}}ll@{ yields }c}
+\verb|\bbbc| & (complex numbers) & $\bbbc$
+ & \verb|\bbbf| & (blackboard bold F) & $\bbbf$\\
+\verb|\bbbh| & (blackboard bold H) & $\bbbh$
+ & \verb|\bbbk| & (blackboard bold K) & $\bbbk$\\
+\verb|\bbbm| & (blackboard bold M) & $\bbbm$
+ & \verb|\bbbn| & (natural numbers N) & $\bbbn$\\
+\verb|\bbbp| & (blackboard bold P) & $\bbbp$
+ & \verb|\bbbq| & (rational numbers) & $\bbbq$\\
+\verb|\bbbr| & (real numbers) & $\bbbr$
+ & \verb|\bbbs| & (blackboard bold S) & $\bbbs$\\
+\verb|\bbbt| & (blackboard bold T) & $\bbbt$
+ & \verb|\bbbz| & (whole numbers) & $\bbbz$\\
+\verb|\bbbone| & (symbol one) & $\bbbone$
+\end{tabular}
+\end{flushleft}
+\begin{displaymath}
+\begin{array}{c}
+\bbbc^{\bbbc^{\bbbc}} \otimes
+\bbbf_{\bbbf_{\bbbf}} \otimes
+\bbbh_{\bbbh_{\bbbh}} \otimes
+\bbbk_{\bbbk_{\bbbk}} \otimes
+\bbbm^{\bbbm^{\bbbm}} \otimes
+\bbbn_{\bbbn_{\bbbn}} \otimes
+\bbbp^{\bbbp^{\bbbp}}\\[2mm]
+\otimes
+\bbbq_{\bbbq_{\bbbq}} \otimes
+\bbbr^{\bbbr^{\bbbr}} \otimes
+\bbbs^{\bbbs_{\bbbs}} \otimes
+\bbbt^{\bbbt^{\bbbt}} \otimes
+\bbbz \otimes
+\bbbone^{\bbbone_{\bbbone}}
+\end{array}
+\end{displaymath}
+%
+\subsubsection*{Sans Serif.}
+%
+Using our macros you can also choose this font family;
+use the command \verb|\sf| for {\sf sans serif}
+(like \verb|\it| for {\it italic style}).
+%
+\section{References}
+\label{refer}
+%
+There are three reference systems available; only one, of course,
+should be used for your contribution. With each system (by author-year,
+by number only or by letter-number) a reference list
+containing all citations in the
+text, should be included at the end of your contribution placing the
+\LaTeX{} environment \verb|thebibliography| there.
+For an overall information on that environment
+see the {\em \LaTeX{} User's Guide \& Reference
+Manual\/} by Leslie Lamport, p.~73.
+%
+\subsection{Author-Year System}
+%
+References are cited in the text by name and year in parentheses
+and should look as follows:
+(Smith 1970, 1980), (Ekeland et al. 1985, Theorem 2), (Jones and Jaffe
+1986; Farrow 1988, Chap.\,2). If the name is part of the sentence
+only the year may appear in parentheses,
+e.g.\ Ekeland et al. (1985, Sect.\,2.1)
+The reference list should contain all citations occurring in the text,
+ordered alphabetically by surname (with initials following). If there
+are several works by the same author(s) the references should be listed
+in the appropriate order indicated below:
+\begin{alpherate}
+\item
+One author: list works chronologically;
+\item
+Author and same co-author(s): list works chronologically;
+\item
+Author and different co-authors: list works alphabetically
+according to co-authors.
+\end{alpherate}
+If there are several works by the same author(s) and in the same year,
+but which are cited separately, they should be distinguished by
+the use of ``a'', ``b'' etc., e.g.\ (Smith 1982a), (Ekeland et al. 1982b).
+%
+\subsubsection*{How to Code Author-Year System.}
+%
+If you want to use this system you have to specify in \verb|documentstyle|
+the option \verb|[citeauthoryear]|, like:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentstyle[citeauthoryear]{jns}
+\end{verbatim}
+Write your citations in the
+text explicitly except for the year, leaving that up to \LaTeX{} with the
+\verb|\cite| command. Then give only the appropriate year as the optional
+argument (i.e. the label in square brackets) with the \verb|\bibitem|
+command(s).\\[2mm]
+{\it Sample Input}
+\begin{verbatim}
+The results in this section are a refined version
+of Clarke and Ekeland (\cite{clar:eke}); the minimality result of
+Proposition~14 was the first of its kind.
+\end{verbatim}
+The above input produces the citation: ``\dots\ refined version of
+Clarke and Ekeland (1982); the minimality\dots''. Then the
+\verb|\bibitem|
+entry of the \verb|thebibliography| environment should read:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{thebibliography}{} % (do not forget {})
+..
+..
+\bibitem[1982]{clar:eke}
+Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
+Nonlinear oscillations and boundary-value problems for
+Hamiltonian systems.
+Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bf 78} (1982) 315--333
+..
+..
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{verbatim}
+{\it Sample Output}
+\bibauthoryear
+%
+\subsection{References by Letter-Number or by Number Only}
+%
+References are cited in the text -- using the \verb|\cite|
+command of \LaTeX{} -- by number or by letter-number in square
+brackets, e.g.\ [1] or [E1, S2], [P1], according to your use of the
+\verb|\bibitem| command in the \verb|thebibliography| environment. The
+coding is as follows: if you choose your own label for the sources by
+giving an optional argument to the \verb|\bibitem| command the citations
+in the text are marked with the label you supplied. Otherwise a simple
+numbering is done.
+\begin{verbatim}
+The results in this section are a refined version
+of \cite{clar:eke}; the minimality result of Proposition~14
+was the first of its kind.
+\end{verbatim}
+The above input produces the citation: ``\dots\ refined version of
+[CE1]; the min\-i\-mality\dots''. Then the \verb|\bibitem| entry of
+the \verb|thebibliography| environment should read:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{thebibliography}{MT1}
+..
+..
+\bibitem[CE1]{clar:eke}
+Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
+Nonlinear oscillations and boundary-value problems for
+Hamiltonian systems.
+Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bf 78} (1982) 315--333
+..
+..
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{verbatim}
+The complete bibliography looks like this:
+%
+\begin{thebibliography}{MT1}
+%
+\bibitem[CE1]{clar:eke}
+Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
+Nonlinear oscillations and
+boundary-value problems for Hamiltonian systems.
+Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bf 78} (1982) 315--333
+%
+\bibitem[CE2]{clar:eke:2}
+Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
+Solutions p\'{e}riodiques, du
+p\'{e}riode donn\'{e}e, des \'{e}quations hamiltoniennes.
+Note CRAS Paris {\bf 287} (1978) 1013--1015
+%
+\bibitem[MT1]{mich:tar}
+Michalek, R., Tarantello, G.:
+Subharmonic solutions with prescribed minimal
+period for nonautonomous Hamiltonian systems.
+J. Diff. Eq. {\bf 72} (1988) 28--55
+%
+\bibitem[Ta1]{tar}
+Tarantello, G.:
+Subharmonic solutions for Hamiltonian
+systems via a $\bbbz_{p}$ pseudoindex theory.
+Annali di Matematica Pura (to appear)
+%
+\bibitem[Ra1]{rab}
+Rabinowitz, P.:
+On subharmonic solutions of a Hamiltonian system.
+Comm. Pure Appl. Math. {\bf 33} (1980) 609--633
+\end{thebibliography}
+%
+\subsubsection*{Number-Only System.}
+%
+For this system do not use the optional argument
+in the \verb|\bibitem| command: then, only numbers will
+appear for the citations in the text (enclosed in square brackets)
+as well as for the marks in your
+bibliography (here the number is only end-punctuated without
+square brackets).
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{thebibliography}{1}
+\bibitem[CE1]{clar:eke}
+Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.:
+Nonlinear oscillations and boundary-value problems for
+Hamiltonian systems.
+Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bf 78} (1982) 315--333
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{verbatim}
+%
+\end{document}
diff --git a/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsldoc.sty b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsldoc.sty
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a925c7d774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/macros/plain/contrib/jns/jnsldoc.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+% This is JNSLDOC.STY the modification of the
+% JNS style file for the documentation of
+% the LaTeX macro package from Springer-Verlag
+% for the Journal of Nonlinear Science
+% version of 16 July 1990
+\def\LaTex{{\xxvpt
+\def\psc{\@getfont\psc\scfam\@xxvpt{\@mcsc\@magscale5}}\LaTeX}}
+\def\textfontii{\the\textfont\tw@}
+\def\AmSTeX{{\textfontii A}\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox
+ {\textfontii M}\kern-.125em{\textfontii S}-\TeX}
+%
+\def\degr{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
+\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
+\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
+%
+\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{--}
+\newenvironment{alpherate}%
+{\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\alph{enumi})}\begin{enumerate}}%
+{\end{enumerate}\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{enumi}}
+%
+\def\bibauthoryear{\begingroup
+\def\thebibliography##1{\section*{References}%
+ \small\list{}{\settowidth\labelwidth{}\leftmargin\parindent
+ \itemindent=-\parindent
+ \labelsep=\z@
+ \usecounter{enumi}}%
+ \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em}%
+ \sloppy
+ \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}%
+ \def\@cite##1{##1}%
+ \def\@lbibitem[##1]##2{\item[]\if@filesw
+ {\def\protect####1{\string ####1\space}\immediate
+ \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{##2}{##1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}%
+\begin{thebibliography}{}
+\bibitem[1982]{clar:eke} Clarke, F., Ekeland, I.: Nonlinear
+oscillations and boundary-value problems for Hamiltonian systems.
+Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. {\bf 78} (1982) 315--333
+\end{thebibliography}
+\endgroup}