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<title>4 Going further: Editing tools</title>
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4
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<h1><a id="x22-170004" name="x22-170004"></a>Going further: Editing
tools</h1><!--l. 7-->
<p class="indent">When you have had some practise with
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks, you’ll find the need for more effective tools.
Many of them are bundled with T<sub>E</sub>Xworks. We are going to
see some of them now.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1</span> <a id=
"x22-180004.1" name="x22-180004.1"></a>Creating a document from a
template</h3><a id="dx22-18001" name="dx22-18001"></a> <!--l. 11-->
<p class="noindent">Most documents you will create will use the
same instructions in the preamble, the same layout settings,
similar heading and so on. You can use predefined templates to get
started quickly or create your own with all of these settings
already in place. <!--l. 13--></p>
<p class="indent">Use <em class="c9">File</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">New from template…</em> or
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift
<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">N</span> (Mac OS X: <span class="keystroke"><img src=
"images/MacCmdKey.png" alt="pict" /></span><span class=
"keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class="keystroke">N</span>).
A dialogue box opens to allow you to select one of the templates.
After selecting one and pressing <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">OK</span>, a document is created and
you can start to work. <!--l. 15--></p>
<p class="indent">If you want to create a personal template, you
just have to create a suitable document with everything you always
want to do (and perhaps marking places to fill in the rest) and
save it as a <span class="path">.tex</span> file in the
<span class="path"><resources>\templates</span> folder, or a
sub-folder of it, if you wish. <!--l. 17--></p>
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2</span> <a id=
"x22-190004.2" name="x22-190004.2"></a>Creating a project using
several source files</h3><a id="dx22-19001" name="dx22-19001"></a>
<!--l. 19-->
<p class="noindent">When the source becomes long, it is sometimes
difficult to navigate and maintain it. In that case, it is useful
to split the source into different smaller files: one file will be
the main document, with the preamble and the <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">document</span> environment, as well
as calls to the “sub-documents”<span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index23.html#fn1x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><a id="x22-19002f1" name=
"x22-19002f1"></a>, which could in turn contain separate chapters,
for example. <!--l. 22--></p>
<p class="indent">But there might be a problem if you want to start
typesetting/compilation in a sub-document: as there is neither a
preamble nor a <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">document</span> environment there,
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X will stop immediately with an error.
<!--l. 24--></p>
<p class="indent">To tell T<sub>E</sub>Xworks that it should
typeset the main document, one adds at the very beginning of the
sub-document the instruction:<a id="dx22-19003" name=
"dx22-19003"></a></p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5">
<a id="x22-19005r1" name="x22-19005r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> %</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> !TeX</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> root</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> =</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> path/main_file.tex</span>
</div><!--l. 28-->
<p class="noindent">for example:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6">
<a id="x22-19007r1" name="x22-19007r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> %</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> !TeX</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> root</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> =</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> manual.tex</span>
</div><!--l. 33-->
<p class="indent">If the main file is in the same folder, its name
is enough, as in the above example. Otherwise, you must also give
the path to the main document (preferably relative to the
sub-document in question, e.g., <span class=
"path">../manual.tex</span>). Notice that the slash <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">/</span> and not the backslash
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\</span> should be used
as directory separator even on Windows. <!--l. 35--></p>
<p class="indent">Further, with MiKTeX, the call to a sub-document
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\input{name.tex}</span>
should include the extension <span class="path">.tex</span> to
ensure proper SyncTeX functionality (see section <a href=
"GoingfurtherOthertools.html#x31-310005.1">5.1
<!--tex4ht:ref: sec.synctex --></a>).</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3</span> <a id=
"x22-200004.3" name="x22-200004.3"></a>Spell-checking</h3>
<!--l. 39-->
<p class="noindent">You can turn on automatic spell-checking<a id=
"dx22-20001" name="dx22-20001"></a> of your source document from
<em class="c9">Edit</em> <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Spelling</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9"><language></em>.
<!--l. 41--></p>
<p class="indent">During typing, every word the spell-checker
considers wrong is underlined by a red wavy line. A right-click on
the word opens a contextual menu in which there are some
replacement suggestions. Click on the desired word to make the
replacement. <!--l. 43--></p>
<p class="indent">Before using the spell-checker, you need to
install dictionaries in the right folder of T<sub>E</sub>Xworks:
<span class="path"><resources>\dictionaries</span>.
<!--l. 45--></p>
<p class="indent"></p>
<div class="OSspecific">
<div class="OSspecificLogo OSLinux"></div>On Linux, the
dictionaries are usually taken from the folder <span class=
"path">/usr/share/myspell/dicts</span>—the default path for myspell
dictionaries. Note, though, that the maintainer of your
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks package may have changed this to reflect the
file system layout of your Linux distribution. You can override
this default by setting the <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">TW_DICPATH</span> environment
variable before running T<sub>E</sub>Xworks.
</div><!--l. 49-->
<p class="indent">One can use the available dictionaries for
OpenOffice.org and other free software;<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index24.html#fn2x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><a id="x22-20002f2" name=
"x22-20002f2"></a> if you have Mozilla Thunderbird with
spell-checking, you can copy its <span class="path">.aff</span> and
<span class="path">.dic</span> files<a id="dx22-20003" name=
"dx22-20003"></a><a id="dx22-20004" name="dx22-20004"></a> as well,
for example. It is possible to ask T<sub>E</sub>Xworks to enable
spell-checking by default by setting a dictionary in <em class=
"c9">Edit</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">Preferences…</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Editor</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Spell-check
language</em>.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.4</span> <a id=
"x22-210004.4" name="x22-210004.4"></a>Search and
replace</h3><a id="dx22-21001" name="dx22-21001"></a> <a id=
"dx22-21002" name="dx22-21002"></a> <!--l. 54-->
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.4.1</span>
<a id="x22-220004.4.1" name="x22-220004.4.1"></a>Standard
functions</h4><!--l. 56-->
<p class="noindent">The options of the menu <em class=
"c9">Search</em>—<em class="c9">Find…</em>, <em class="c9">Find
again</em>, <em class="c9">Replace…</em>, <em class="c9">Replace
again</em>, and <em class="c9">Go to Line…</em> (<span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">F</span>,
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class=
"keystroke">G</span>, <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">R</span>,
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift
<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">R</span>, and <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">L</span>,
respectively)—are standard actions (Mac OS X: <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">F</span>, <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">G</span>, <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">R</span>, <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class="keystroke">R</span>,
and <span class="keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">L</span>); the first and
the third open a dialogue box:</p>
<div class="center">
<!--l. 58-->
<p class="noindent"><!--l. 59--></p>
<p class="noindent"><img src="images/replaceDialog.png" alt=
"pict" /></p>
</div><!--l. 62-->
<p class="indent">Here, the usual options are available: <em>Wrap
around</em>, <em>Find backwards</em>, <em>Search/Replace within
selection</em>, or <em>Find all occurrences</em>. The following
options are also usual: <em>Case sensitive</em> and <em>Whole
words</em>. By default, the search is forward, towards the end of
the document. <!--l. 64--></p>
<p class="indent">The option <em>Search/Replace in all open
files</em> is also a frequent choice, but not as much as the
others; this allows, for example, replacement in all the files of a
project—pay attention, though, as this is very powerful.
<!--l. 66--></p>
<p class="indent">The last option, <em>Regular expression</em>, is
detailed in the next sub-section. <!--l. 68--></p>
<p class="indent">In the <em class="c9">Search</em> menu there are
other options:</p>
<dl class="description">
<dt class="description"><span class="ec-lmbx-12">Copy to
Find</span></dt>
<dd class="description">copies the currently selected text into the
<b><span class="ec-lmro-12">Find</span></b> field of the Find
dialogue or the <b><span class="ec-lmro-12">Replace</span></b>
field of the Replace dialogue; you still need to open the dialogues
separately</dd>
<dt class="description"><span class="ec-lmbx-12">Copy to
Replace</span></dt>
<dd class="description">copies the currently selected text into the
<b><span class="ec-lmro-12">With</span></b> field of the
<b><span class="ec-lmro-12">Replace</span></b> dialogue</dd>
<dt class="description"><span class="ec-lmbx-12">Find
Selection</span></dt>
<dd class="description">uses the current selection for a search
without opening the <b><span class="ec-lmro-12">Find</span></b>
dialogue—very fast</dd>
<dt class="description"><span class="ec-lmbx-12">Show
selection</span></dt>
<dd class="description">scrolls the view to the currently selected
text—useful if word wrapping is turned off and you moved in the
document using the vertical scroll bar on the right</dd>
</dl><!--l. 76-->
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.4.2</span>
<a id="x22-230004.4.2" name="x22-230004.4.2"></a>Advanced search
and replace (regular expressions)</h4><a id="dx22-23001" name=
"dx22-23001"></a> <!--l. 78-->
<p class="noindent">The regular expressions provide a very powerful
tool, but they require some effort to be well understood. To
understand them fully would require a manual of its own<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index25.html#fn3x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">3</sup></a></span><a id="x22-23002f3" name=
"x22-23002f3"></a>, so we’ll only give some simple ideas of use.
For more advanced uses, as well as lists of the most used codes,
see section <a href="Regularexpressions.html#x44-51000B">B
<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:regexp --></a>. <!--l. 80--></p>
<p class="indent">Suppose we have the following text:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7">
<a id="x22-23004r1" name="x22-23004r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Voici</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> pour</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> tester</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> les</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> expressions</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> r</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">éguli</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ères</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> dans</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23006r2" name="x22-23006r2"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> accentu</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">é.</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23008r3" name="x22-23008r3"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Voici</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> pour</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> tester</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> les</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> expressions</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> r</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">éguli</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ères</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> dans</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23010r4" name="x22-23010r4"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> accentu</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">é.</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23012r5" name="x22-23012r5"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Voici</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> pour</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> tester</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> les</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> expressions</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> r</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">éguli</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ères.</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Voici</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23014r6" name="x22-23014r6"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> pour</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> tester</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> les</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> expressions</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> r</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">éguli</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ères.</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23016r7" name="x22-23016r7"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> truc</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> truc</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23018r8" name="x22-23018r8"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> t</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">él.:</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> 010-99-99-99</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23020r9" name="x22-23020r9"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> t</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">él.:</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> 00.32.10.99.99.99</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-23022r10" name="x22-23022r10"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> t</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">él.:</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> 00/32-10/99.99.99</span>
</div><!--l. 93-->
<p class="noindent">We want to</p>
<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x22-23024x1">insert an empty line after
each “accentué” (to create paragraphs in
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X), but not after the three telephone
numbers;</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x22-23026x2">replace each <span class=
"ec-lmro-12">tab</span> character between the two words “truc” of
the fourth paragraph by three spaces; and finally</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x22-23028x3">make the telephone numbers
consistent by replacing the various punctuation characters by
spaces.</li>
</ol><!--l. 100-->
<p class="indent">For 1., in the dialogue box <b><span class=
"ec-lmro-12">Replace</span></b> (<span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">R</span>) for
<em>Replace:</em> we put ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n</span>‹<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index26.html#fn4x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">4</sup></a></span><a id="x22-23029f4" name=
"x22-23029f4"></a> and in <em>With:</em> ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n\n</span>‹. ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n</span>‹ is the code to match or
insert a line feed. You will need to select the first four
paragraphs and the beginning of the fifth (the first telephone
number) and to tick the <em>Replace within selection</em> and
<em>Regular expression</em> options; if this was not done and an
empty line has been inserted after each line, select the telephone
lines and do the reverse action: replace ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n\n</span>‹ by ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n</span>‹. So we replaced one line
feed by two, creating an empty line. <!--l. 102--></p>
<p class="indent">For 2., use ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\t</span>‹ and ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">␣␣␣</span>‹<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index27.html#fn5x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">5</sup></a></span><a id="x22-23030f5" name=
"x22-23030f5"></a>. ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\t</span>‹ is the code which
represents a tab, while a space is typed in literally (here
represented as <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">␣</span>).
<!--l. 104--></p>
<p class="indent">For 3., find ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">-|\.|/</span>‹ and replace with
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">␣</span>‹. Here,
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">|</span>‹ provides
alternatives (<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">-</span>,
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">.</span>, or <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">/</span>); for the dot we have used
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\.</span>‹ because the
dot alone is a regular expression code which represents any
character and we would have replaced all the characters by spaces!
We therefore have to use a code—prefixing the dot with a backslash
tells specifies that the normal meaning of the dot should be used
instead of the special meaning it usually has in regular
expressions. <!--l. 106--></p>
<p class="indent">If one has strings of the same character but of
different lengths (for example 3, 4, or 5 times the sames character
e) and one wants to truncate all these strings to a string with
less characters (for example 2), one can ask to replace the string
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">e{3,5}</span>‹ by
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">ee</span>‹.
<!--l. 108--></p>
<p class="indent">If one wants to insert the same string at the
beginning of some paragraphs separated or not by an empty line, for
example ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\noindent␣</span>‹ or ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\item␣</span>‹, one can replace
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n\n</span>‹ or
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n</span>‹ by
›<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n\n\\noindent␣</span>‹
or ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\n\\noindent␣</span>‹. Pay attention,
we have a double <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\</span>
in front of <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">noindent</span> to get one
(<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\noindent</span>)
because <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\</span> is an
escape character in regular expressions (we’ve met it before in the
expression <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\.</span>)!
<!--l. 110--></p>
<p class="indent">If it were making sense, we could replace all the
letters between “a” and “m” by “$” using ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">[a-m]</span>‹ and ›<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">$</span>‹.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.5</span> <a id=
"x22-240004.5" name="x22-240004.5"></a>Other tools for editing and
error tracking</h3><!--l. 114-->
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.5.1</span>
<a id="x22-250004.5.1" name="x22-250004.5.1"></a>Standard
tools</h4><!--l. 116-->
<p class="noindent">It is always possible to undo<a id="dx22-25001"
name="dx22-25001"></a> an action using <em class=
"c9">Edit</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">Undo</em> or <span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class=
"keystroke">Z</span> (Mac OS X: <span class="keystroke"><img src=
"images/MacCmdKey.png" alt="pict" /></span><span class=
"keystroke">Z</span>): this way you can undo stepwise! The inverse
action, redo, is available as <em class="c9">Edit</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Redo</em><a id="dx22-25002"
name="dx22-25002"></a> or <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class="keystroke">Z</span>
(Mac OS X: <span class="keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png"
alt="pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">Z</span>).<span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index28.html#fn6x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">6</sup></a></span><a id="x22-25003f6" name=
"x22-25003f6"></a> <!--l. 118--></p>
<p class="indent">T<sub>E</sub>Xworks also provides the standard
editing tools such as the clipboard; therefore one can select,
cut/copy and paste a piece of text normally. <!--l. 120--></p>
<p class="indent">You can select with the mouse by dragging over
the desired text, or by double-clicking to select a word. Using the
keyboard, holding down <span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span> while moving using the arrow keys
will select text. You can also move and select word by word moving
left or right holding <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span> down ( <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span> on Mac OS X). The clipboard
shortcuts are the ones you’ll find in almost every program:
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">X</span>
to cut, <span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class=
"keystroke">C</span> to copy, and <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">V</span> to paste (
<span class="keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">X</span>, <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">C</span> and <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">V</span>, respectively, on
Mac OS X). <!--l. 122--></p>
<p class="indent">You can easily change the case<a id="dx22-25004"
name="dx22-25004"></a> of a selection—put everything upper case or
lower case—using <em class="c9">Edit</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Change case</em> and next,
depending on the desired effect, <em class="c9">ALL UPPERCASE</em>,
<em class="c9">all lowercase</em>, or <em class="c9">Toggle
Case</em> (which toggles the case of each letter individually).
<!--l. 124--></p>
<p class="indent">It is also convenient to show the line
numbers<a id="dx22-25005" name="dx22-25005"></a>, as all error
messages refer to these numbers; you can toggle the line numbers,
on the left of the editing panel, from <em class=
"c9">Format</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">Line Numbers</em>.</p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.5.2</span>
<a id="x22-260004.5.2" name="x22-260004.5.2"></a>Commenting</h4>
<!--l. 128-->
<p class="noindent">When preparing a document with
(L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X, it is often useful to prevent
compilation of a portion of text to be able to locate an error; you
can do this piece by piece until you find the part which causes the
error. For that, commenting the source block by block is needed.
<!--l. 130--></p>
<p class="indent">We have seen that the symbol <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">%</span> marks the beginning of a
comment. To comment<a id="dx22-26001" name="dx22-26001"></a> a big
piece of text, it is sufficient to select it and ask to mark it as
comment <em class="c9">Format</em> <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Comment</em> or
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift
<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">]</span> (Mac OS X: <span class="keystroke"><img src=
"images/MacCmdKey.png" alt="pict" /></span><span class=
"keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class="keystroke">]</span>).
To remove the comment, select the lines and choose <em class=
"c9">Format</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">Uncomment</em><a id="dx22-26002" name="dx22-26002"></a> or
<span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">Shift
<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">[</span> (Mac OS X: <span class="keystroke"><img src=
"images/MacCmdKey.png" alt="pict" /></span><span class=
"keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke">[</span>).<span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index29.html#fn7x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">7</sup></a></span><a id="x22-26003f7" name=
"x22-26003f7"></a></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.5.3</span>
<a id="x22-270004.5.3" name="x22-270004.5.3"></a>Matching
delimiters</h4><!--l. 135-->
<p class="noindent">A frequent error is to forget a closing symbol:
parenthesis, bracket, square bracket, <em>etc</em>.
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks helps with a tool to show the pairs of symbols:
when the cursor moves over one of these symbols, its partner is
briefly highlighted. You can also select an entire block<a id=
"dx22-27001" name="dx22-27001"></a> using <em class=
"c9">Edit</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">Balance Delimiters</em> or by the shortcut <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">B</span> (Mac OS X:
<span class="keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">B</span>). Thus, you will
immediately see the scope of the block. <!--l. 137--></p>
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.5.4</span>
<a id="x22-280004.5.4" name="x22-280004.5.4"></a>Smart quotes</h4>
<!--l. 139-->
<p class="noindent">Another similar error, but this time semantic
and not hindering typesetting, is in the use of quotes when one
wants to give focus to some text. <!--l. 141--></p>
<p class="indent">There are two types of quotation marks in
English: the ‘single’ quotes and the “double” quotes. They are
formed by ‘ and ’; these are not the quotation marks used in
programming and found on the keyboard: <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">"</span> and <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ts1-lmtt12-">’</span>. Using the
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks smart quotes system, one can use the latter as
normal to automatically produce the typographically correct
single/double opening and close quotes. <!--l. 143--></p>
<p class="indent">In a <span class="path">.tex</span> document,
select one of the smart quotes system: <em class="c9">Format</em>
<span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Smart
Quotes</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">TeX
Ligatures</em>, <span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c9">TeX Commands</em>, <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c9">Unicode Characters</em>.
Then, when you want to start a quoted section in your text, let’s
say enclosed in double quotes, type <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">"</span>, then the text to be quoted,
and finish again by <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">"</span>; T<sub>E</sub>Xworks will
automatically insert the correct opening quotes <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ts1-lmtt12-">``</span> and later the correct
closing ones <span class="obeylines-h verb ts1-lmtt12-">’’</span>.
The three options give the same result in the typeset document, but
<em class="c9">TeX Ligatures</em> should work best in most cases.
<!--l. 145--></p>
<p class="indent">Finally, it is possible to define personal
quotation marks systems (in the file <span class=
"path">smart-quotes-modes.txt</span> in the <span class=
"path">configuration</span> folder of the resource folder).
<!--l. 147--></p>
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.6</span> <a id=
"x22-290004.6" name="x22-290004.6"></a>Auto-completion</h3>
<!--l. 149-->
<p class="noindent">Another tool which rapidly becomes
indispensable is auto-completion. Indeed, when you use
(L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X, you have to continuously enter codes
to, for example, create environments; you also have to remember to
close every group you open. <!--l. 151--></p>
<p class="indent">Auto-completion allows you to type a keyword, hit
the <span class="keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> key, and have
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks insert the (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X
command or environment code automatically. <!--l. 153--></p>
<p class="indent">As an example to insert
“L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X”, we have to type <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\LaTeX</span>. This is not difficult,
but entering “<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\</span>”
followed by the word “<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">LaTeX</span>” with alternating
capitals and lower case letters could become annoying after a
while.<span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index30.html#fn8x5"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">8</sup></a></span><a id="x22-29001f8" name=
"x22-29001f8"></a> With auto-completion, you just enter
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">latex</span> and hit
<span class="keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> to get <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\LaTeX</span>. You just have to take
care that there is no <em>letter</em> directly preceding or
succeeding <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">latex</span>—e.g., <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">alatex</span>—, or else the mechanism
might not pick up the correct keyword. <!--l. 156--></p>
<p class="indent">Another example is <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">bmin</span>, which gives</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8">
<a id="x22-29003r1" name="x22-29003r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \begin{minipage}{}</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-29005r2" name="x22-29005r2"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">∙</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-29007r3" name="x22-29007r3"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \end{minipage}</span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">∙</span>
</div><!--l. 162-->
<p class="noindent">with the cursor between the empty pair of curly
brackets where you need to enter the size of the minipage. See the
section <a href="CustomizingTw.html#x39-50000A.3">A.3
<!--tex4ht:ref: sec.autocompletion --></a> for a list of the
keywords for auto-completion. Notice the “<span class=
"ts1-lmr12-">∙</span>” in the minipage environment. They are
placeholders which can be reached by <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class=
"keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> ( <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacOptKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> on
the Mac), repeating this shortcut cycles forward through the
placeholders; by <span class="keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class=
"keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> ( <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacOptKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">Shift <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">⇑</span></span><span class=
"keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span>), you can also cycle backwards.
<!--l. 164--></p>
<p class="indent">If a partial keyword is given, repeatedly hitting
<span class="keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span> will cycle through
possible completions. For example, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">bali</span> (the <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">b</span> commonly indicates the
beginning of an environment, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\begin{}</span>) creates the
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">align</span> environment
after one <span class="keystroke msam-10x-x-120">⇆</span>, next
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">align*</span>, and after
that, in succession, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">alignat</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">alignat*</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">aligned</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">alignedat</span>, and <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">alignedat</span> with options; to
access the last environments directly, they have their own codes
which start by <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">bali</span> (<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">balis</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">baliat</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">baliats</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">balied</span>, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">baliedat</span> and <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">baliedato</span>). <!--l. 166--></p>
<p class="indent">If you want to create your own keywords, you can
add a <span class="path">.txt</span> file in the <span class=
"path">completion</span> folder inside the resources folder. The
entries in the file should have the following format:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9">
<a id="x22-29009r1" name="x22-29009r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> bfigo:=\begin{figure}[#INS#]#RET##RET#\end{figure}</span><span class="ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">∙</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x22-29011r2" name="x22-29011r2"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \bibliography{#INS#}</span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">∙</span>
</div><!--l. 172-->
<p class="indent">In the first case, <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">bfigo</span> is the assigned keyword
(with <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">:=</span>) to be
converted into a <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">figure</span> environment with an
optional argument; there are two carriage returns (<span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">#RET#</span>) after the <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">begin</span>, i.e., an empty line,
and the cursor is placed between the square brackets (at the
position of <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">#INS#</span>). “<span class=
"ts1-lmr12-">∙</span>” is a place holder as introduced before.
<!--l. 174--></p>
<p class="indent">In the second case, we give ourselves a shortcut,
which will let us type the first part of <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\bibliography{}</span> and have
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks convert it to the full name plus braces (with
the cursor between them). In this case, the keyword is the
instruction itself. <!--l. 176--></p>
<p class="indent">Note that the <span class="path">.txt</span> file
containing the auto-completion information needs to be UTF-8
encoded—this is the default encoding for all files created with
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks. <!--l. 5--></p>
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