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<title>3 First steps</title>
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<p class="noindent">[<a href=
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<div class="chapternumber">
3
</div>
<h1><a id="x11-90003" name="x11-90003"></a>First steps</h1>
<!--l. 8-->
<p class="indent">Let’s now see how to create a first document: for
this you’ll need to type some text in the editor window of
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks. (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X is <em>not</em>
WYSIWYG<a id="dx11-9001" name="dx11-9001"></a><span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index12.html#fn1x4"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><a id="x11-9002f1" name=
"x11-9002f1"></a> software, so you’ll have to type the text and the
instructions for formatting it and you’ll see the result only after
“typesetting” the text. This looks a little bit dry, but one very
quickly gets used to it and it is well worth the effort.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1</span> <a id=
"x11-100003.1" name="x11-100003.1"></a>Interface summary</h3><a id=
"dx11-10001" name="dx11-10001"></a> <!--l. 15-->
<p class="noindent">When one opens the editor, it shows a very
sparse interface: a title bar, a menu bar, two small toolbars<a id=
"dx11-10002" name="dx11-10002"></a>, a large typing zone (white)
and, at the bottom, a status bar. We are in the
<em>source/editor<a id="dx11-10003" name="dx11-10003"></a></em>
window. If you have already typeset the document previously, the
resulting <span class="path">.pdf</span> will be shown on the right
hand side in the <em>preview</em><a id="dx11-10004" name=
"dx11-10004"></a> window.</p>
<div class="wrapfig-l"><img src="images/toolbar1.png" alt=
"pict" /></div><!--l. 24-->
<p class="noindent">The first toolbar has a button to typeset and
an drop-down menu to choose the format for typesetting (we’ll
choose <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">pdfLaTeX</span>).
Knowing that the keyboard shortcut for typesetting is <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">T</span> (Mac OS X:
<span class="keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">T</span>) and that we
almost never change the format, we could even hide this toolbar.
The selection of a format for compiling can also be changed through
the <em class="c8">Typeset</em><a id="dx11-10005" name=
"dx11-10005"></a> menu.</p>
<div class="wrapfig-l"><img src="images/toolbar2.png" alt=
"pict" /></div><!--l. 34-->
<p class="noindent">The second toolbar provides the standard
functions: New document, Open, Save | Undo, Redo | Cut, Copy, Paste
| Search, Replace.</p>
<div class="center">
<!--l. 36-->
<p class="noindent"><!--l. 37--></p>
<p class="noindent"><img src="images/interface-summary.png" alt=
"pict" /></p>
</div><!--l. 40-->
<p class="indent">Even though they are not looking like real
buttons, the widgets in the status bar can be clicked. The widgets
showing the current position (line or page, respectively), for
example, open a dialog to enter a line or page to jump to when
clicked. The other widgets typically open contextual menus where
some settings can be changed. <!--l. 42--></p>
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2</span> <a id=
"x11-110003.2" name="x11-110003.2"></a>Creating a document</h3>
<!--l. 44-->
<p class="noindent"></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1</span>
<a id="x11-120003.2.1" name="x11-120003.2.1"></a>Writing the
document</h4><!--l. 46-->
<p class="noindent">As an example of the use of
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks, we will work with
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X<a id="dx11-12001" name=
"dx11-12001"></a>, but any other T<sub>E</sub>X system is possible.
In particular, if you need to use some special fonts<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index13.html#fn2x4"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><a id="x11-12002f2" name=
"x11-12002f2"></a>—a mandatory font for an official template,
non-Latin alphabets, etc.—the X<sub>E</sub>T<sub>E</sub>X system is
very powerful.<span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index14.html#fn3x4"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">3</sup></a></span><a id="x11-12003f3" name=
"x11-12003f3"></a> <!--l. 48--></p>
<p class="indent">Let’s create our first document<a id="dx11-12004"
name="dx11-12004"></a> now. Enter the following text exactly as
shown. To show some of the features of
T<sub>E</sub>Xworks/L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X, it is in French
intentionally. <!--l. 50--></p>
<p class="indent"></p>
<div class="example fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2">
<a id="x11-12006r1" name="x11-12006r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \documentclass{article}</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12008r2" name="x11-12008r2"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12010r3" name="x11-12010r3"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12012r4" name="x11-12012r4"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12014r5" name="x11-12014r5"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \usepackage{geometry}</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12016r6" name="x11-12016r6"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \geometry{a4paper}</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12018r7" name="x11-12018r7"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12020r8" name="x11-12020r8"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \usepackage[frenchb]{babel}</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12022r9" name="x11-12022r9"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12024r10" name="x11-12024r10"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \title{Premier</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> document}</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12026r11" name="x11-12026r11"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \author{Un</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> TeXnicien}</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12028r12" name="x11-12028r12"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \date{}</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12030r13" name="x11-12030r13"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12032r14" name="x11-12032r14"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \begin{document}</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12034r15" name="x11-12034r15"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \maketitle</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12036r16" name="x11-12036r16"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12038r17" name="x11-12038r17"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Voici</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> un</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> accentu</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">é</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> en</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> fran</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">çais!</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12040r18" name="x11-12040r18"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-12042r19" name="x11-12042r19"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \end{document}</span>
</div><!--l. 72-->
<p class="indent">Save the file in a folder for test documents
(e.g., <span class="path"><home>\TeXworks_tests</span>); call
the file <span class="path">first.tex</span>. Note that it should
have a <span class="path">.tex</span> extension<a id="dx11-12043"
name="dx11-12043"></a>.</p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.2</span>
<a id="x11-130003.2.2" name="x11-130003.2.2"></a>Typesetting the
document and viewing it</h4><!--l. 76-->
<p class="noindent">Next we start typesetting<a id="dx11-13001"
name="dx11-13001"></a><span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index15.html#fn4x4"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">4</sup></a></span><a id="x11-13002f4" name=
"x11-13002f4"></a> by clicking the green button <img src=
"images/iconTypeset.png" alt="pict" /> or by <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">T</span><a id=
"dx11-13003" name="dx11-13003"></a> (Mac OS X: <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">T</span>). <!--l. 79--></p>
<p class="indent">A new panel opens between the typing area and the
status bar: the <em>output panel<a id="dx11-13004" name=
"dx11-13004"></a></em>, labeled <em>Log<a id="dx11-13005" name=
"dx11-13005"></a></em>; everything L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X is
doing is displayed there<span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index16.html#fn5x4"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">5</sup></a></span><a id="x11-13006f5" name=
"x11-13006f5"></a>. When L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X finishes this
panel disappears (if there no error occurred) and a new window will
appear; in this new window, the <em>Preview window<a id=
"dx11-13007" name="dx11-13007"></a></em><a id="dx11-13008" name=
"dx11-13008"></a>, you can see a page with a title “Premier
document” followed by the name of the author “Un TeXnicien”, both
centred, the text “Voici un texte accentué en français !”, and a
page number at the bottom centre. <!--l. 82--></p>
<p class="indent">Notice that the mouse cursor is like a magnifier
in the new window. If you press (and hold) the left button of the
mouse you can see the text under the magnifier much bigger (it is a
magnifier, isn’t it!); you can move the magnifier and so inspect
the text in detail. <!--l. 84--></p>
<p class="indent">To go back to the source, you can just click in
its window or better use <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">’</span><a id=
"dx11-13009" name="dx11-13009"></a> (Mac OS X <span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">’</span>). This shortcut
toggles between the two windows. See also section <a href=
"GoingfurtherOthertools.html#x31-310005.1">5.1
<!--tex4ht:ref: sec.synctex --></a> to automatically move to a
specific location in the output from the source or vice versa.</p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.3</span>
<a id="x11-140003.2.3" name="x11-140003.2.3"></a>The work of
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X</h4><!--l. 88-->
<p class="noindent">Let’s shortly analyse the result to understand
what L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X did and why, now. Introductions
and full tutorials can be found on the internet: see for example
<em>lshort</em><span class="footnote-mark"><a href=
"index17.html#fn6x4"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">6</sup></a></span><a id="x11-14001f6" name=
"x11-14001f6"></a> which should be installed as part of your
T<sub>E</sub>X distribution, and is also available from CTAN<a id=
"dx11-14002" name="dx11-14002"></a>.<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index18.html#fn7x4"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">7</sup></a></span><a id="x11-14003f7" name=
"x11-14003f7"></a> <!--l. 90--></p>
<p class="indent">First, we ask to create a document of the
<em>article</em> class: this defines the global layout of the
document. <!--l. 92--></p>
<p class="indent">Next, we say that the input document (the source)
is saved with the Unicode encoding <em>utf-8<a id="dx11-14004"
name="dx11-14004"></a><a id="dx11-14005" name=
"dx11-14005"></a></em> and that it may contain characters which are
not present in the standard ASCII without accents. We also want to
use an output encoding T1 (the modern T<sub>E</sub>X encoding); we
also want an <em>A4</em> document and not the default <em>US
letter</em> size. Finally, we make it clear that the typography
should follow the French rules using the <b><span class=
"sansserif">babel</span></b> package.<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index19.html#fn8x4"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">8</sup></a></span><a id="x11-14006f8" name=
"x11-14006f8"></a> Those general instructions for the work are done
by packages<a id="dx11-14007" name="dx11-14007"></a> called with
options. <!--l. 94--></p>
<p class="indent">Lastly, we finish the declaration part of the
document, the <em>preamble</em><a id="dx11-14008" name=
"dx11-14008"></a>, giving the title, the author, and the date of
the document; here we specify no date. <!--l. 96--></p>
<p class="indent">Next comes the body of the document, which
describes the actual content, between the lines <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\begin{document}</span> and
<span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\end{document}</span>
(these are L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X commands). <!--l. 98--></p>
<p class="indent">Let’s do some experiments to show the effect of
these instructions. For this, we put a % in front of the
instructions; the % and everything after it will be considered as
comment<a id="dx11-14009" name="dx11-14009"></a>, which will be
ignored by L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X.<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index20.html#fn9x4"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">9</sup></a></span><a id="x11-14010f9" name=
"x11-14010f9"></a> <!--l. 100--></p>
<p class="indent">Comment out the line <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}</span>,
and typeset the file. You should see that the accented characters
are now displayed incorrectly in the preview window. If, in
addition, you also comment out the line <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\usepackage[frenchb]{babel}</span>,
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X will give an error. Just hit
<span class="keystroke"><img src="images/index2x.png" alt="←'"
class="hookleftarrow" /></span>to continue the typesetting.
<!--l. 105--></p>
<p class="indent">After these experiments, let’s modify the text as
follows:</p>
<div class="example fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb3">
<a id="x11-14012r1" name="x11-14012r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \begin{document}</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14014r2" name="x11-14014r2"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \maketitle</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14016r3" name="x11-14016r3"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \tableofcontents</span><br class=
"fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14018r4" name="x11-14018r4"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14020r5" name="x11-14020r5"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \section{Petite</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> d</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">émonstration}</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14022r6" name="x11-14022r6"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14024r7" name="x11-14024r7"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Voici</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> un</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> accentu</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">é</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> en</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> fran</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">çais!</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14026r8" name="x11-14026r8"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Suite</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> entr</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">é</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> apr</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ès</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> avoir</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> fait</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> un</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> retour</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> chariot.</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Dans</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14028r9" name="x11-14028r9"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> l</span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">’</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">éditeur</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> on</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> peut</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> demander</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> un</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> passage</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> automatique</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">à</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> la</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> ligne</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14030r10" name="x11-14030r10"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> du</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> texte</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> saisi;</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> mais</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> le</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> num</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">éro</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> de</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> ligne</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> n</span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">’</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">est</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> incr</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ément</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">é</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> que</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> par</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> un</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14032r11" name="x11-14032r11"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> retour</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> chariot.</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14034r12" name="x11-14034r12"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14036r13" name="x11-14036r13"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Nouvelle</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> ligne</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> en</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> passant</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> une</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> ligne</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> dans</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> la</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> source:</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> c</span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">’</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">est</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> la</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14038r14" name="x11-14038r14"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> mani</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">ère</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> d</span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">’</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">indiquer</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> un</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> changement</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> de</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> paragraphe.</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14040r15" name="x11-14040r15"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-14042r16" name="x11-14042r16"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \end{document}</span>
</div>Redo the previous experiments and observe the changes which
appear. <!--l. 126-->
<p class="indent">Note that entering only one carriage return
doesn’t create a new paragraph. In L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X, one
has to have an empty line for that. In T<sub>E</sub>Xworks, the
line number of the source (on the right in the status bar) numbers
the lines created with carriage return, not the wrapped lines.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.3</span> <a id=
"x11-150003.3" name="x11-150003.3"></a>And when errors
occur?</h3><a id="dx11-15001" name="dx11-15001"></a> <!--l. 130-->
<p class="noindent">When you create a document for typesetting with
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X, you cannot avoid making mistakes:
forgetting a closing brace or an <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\end{}</span> to close an
environment, using mathematical commands without switching to
mathematical mode, etc. When you compile and there is an error,
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X stops, giving you a chance to deal with
the problem. This is shown by the stopping of the scrolling action
in the output panel, and an error message being displayed, with
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X waiting for an instruction to know what
it should do.</p>
<div class="center">
<!--l. 132-->
<p class="noindent"><!--l. 133--></p>
<p class="noindent"><img src="images/consoleOutput.png" alt=
"pict" /></p>
</div><!--l. 136-->
<p class="indent">One sees the <em>typing cursor<a id="dx11-15002"
name="dx11-15002"></a></em> in the line between the output panel
and the status bar: the <em>console bar<a id="dx11-15003" name=
"dx11-15003"></a></em>. <!--l. 138--></p>
<p class="indent">The error message is on many lines, for example
like this: <!--l. 141--></p>
<p class="indent"></p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4">
<a id="x11-15005r1" name="x11-15005r1"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> !</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> Undefined</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> control</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> sequence.</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-15007r2" name="x11-15007r2"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> l.168</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> ...</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> fermante</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> ou</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> d</span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">’</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">une</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> commande</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> \veb</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-15009r3" name="x11-15009r3"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> +\end{}+</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> de</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> fermeture</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> d</span><span class=
"ts1-lmtt10-x-x-109">’</span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109">un...</span><br class="fancyvrb" />
<a id="x11-15011r4" name="x11-15011r4"></a><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> </span><span class=
"ec-lmtt-10x-x-109"> ?</span>
</div><!--l. 148-->
<p class="indent">L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X says that it doesn’t
recognize the command name, sometimes suggests to see the manual or
to type <span class="obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">h</span> (plus
<span class="keystroke"><img src="images/index3x.png" alt="←'"
class="hookleftarrow" /></span>) for help, points to the line
number where it noticed the error<span class=
"footnote-mark"><a href="index21.html#fn10x4"><sup class=
"textsuperscript">10</sup></a></span><a id="x11-15012f10" name=
"x11-15012f10"></a> (here 168), and shows the place of the error at
the cut of the line (here at <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\veb</span>). Finally, it shows that
it waits for an action from us by displaying a single question
mark. <!--l. 150--></p>
<p class="indent">There are different possible actions:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Type <span class="keystroke"><img src=
"images/index4x.png" alt="←'" class="hookleftarrow" /></span>and
ask to continue as if nothing happened; sometimes this allows to
finish compiling, but there will be an error in the result.</li>
<li class="itemize">Type <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">h</span><span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/index5x.png" alt="←'" class=
"hookleftarrow" /></span>to ask for help; this help is not always
clearer than the error message, but often gives a clue.</li>
<li class="itemize">Type <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">i</span><span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/index6x.png" alt="←'" class=
"hookleftarrow" /></span>to tell L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X that
we will propose a replacement text. Enter the text followed by
<span class="keystroke"><img src="images/index7x.png" alt="←'"
class="hookleftarrow" /></span>; it will be used, beginning at the
start of the error, but you should correct the source afterwards as
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X never changes that.</li>
<li class="itemize">Type <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">x</span><span class=
"keystroke"><img src="images/index8x.png" alt="←'" class=
"hookleftarrow" /></span>to stop compilation. This is the
traditional (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X way to kill a typesetting
process. <!--l. 157-->
<p class="noindent">We can also kill the typesetting by repeating
the action used to start it: the green typesetting button will have
changed to a red one with a white cross <img src=
"images/iconAbortTypesetting.png" alt="pict" />. By clicking on
that button or by hitting <span class=
"keystroke">Ctrl</span><span class="keystroke">T</span> (Mac OS X:
<span class="keystroke"><img src="images/MacCmdKey.png" alt=
"pict" /></span><span class="keystroke">T</span>) again, the
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X process is terminated. The output panel
is still visible and so one can still see the error message.</p>
</li>
</ul><!--l. 161-->
<p class="indent">You should note that sometimes an error appears
far from its actual position. For example, when opening an
environment but not closing it, L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X doesn’t
see the error before it encounters another end of environment
without closing of the first one. The error is often only picked up
at the <span class=
"obeylines-h verb ec-lmtt-12">\end{document}</span> command, which
shows that another environment was not closed! <!--l. 163--></p>
<p class="indent">Sometimes, an error still occurs during
subsequent runs of (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X even after it was
corrected in the document. This can happen because
(L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X creates a number of intermediary
files which can still contain the original, erroneous code.
Therefore, it is advisable to remove those files after fixing an
error. T<sub>E</sub>Xworks provides a command to facilitate
this—see section <a href=
"GoingfurtherOthertools.html#x31-360005.6">5.6
<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:remove-aux-files --></a>. <!--l. 165--></p>
<p class="indent">After an error occurred, the output panel remains
open—even after consecutive typesetting runs—to help you fix the
problem (which can sometimes take several attempts and restarts of
(L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X). Once all problems are solved, you
can close the panel by the <em class="c8">Windows</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c8">Hide Output
Panel</em><a id="dx11-15013" name="dx11-15013"></a> menu item. As
an alternative, you can also configure to output panel to hide
automatically as soon as the typesetting process finishes
successfully by setting <em class="c8">Edit</em> <span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c8">Preferences…</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class=
"c8">Typesetting</em><span class="lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c8">Hide
output panel</em> to <em>On success</em>. Since one can easily
overlook other problems in the document (e.g., undefined
references) that do not cause (L<sup>A</sup>)T<sub>E</sub>X to
fail, this option is only recommended to expert users.
<!--l. 167--></p>
<p class="indent">To help you in finding and fixing error (at least
if you are using L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X), T<sub>E</sub>Xworks
comes with a small script that extracts all errors, warnings, and
other noteworthy messages from the console output and presents them
to you in a simple, tabular form.</p>
<div class="center">
<!--l. 169-->
<p class="noindent"><!--l. 170--></p>
<p class="noindent"><img src="images/errorParsingScript.png" alt=
"pict" /></p>
</div><!--l. 173-->
<p class="indent">Here, you see a list of
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X messages, color-coded and sorted by
severity. Red represents errors, yellow indicates warnings, and
blue stands for over- and underfull box warnings. Next to the
colour bar, you see the name of the file in which the error was
detected. Next to that, you see the line number (if the script was
able to determine that), as well as an excerpt from the console
output telling you what the error was. Moreover, the filename is a
link which will take you to the file (and, if a line number could
be determined, also the line) where L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X
reported the error. Hopefully, you can quickly fix any errors that
may occur this way. <!--l. 175--></p>
<p class="indent">In case you are not using
L<sup>A</sup>T<sub>E</sub>X, this script may be of little use,
particularly if the console output is formatted differently. In
this case, you can simply disable the error parsing hook script
(see section <a href="AdvanceduseScripting.html#x35-400006.2">6.2
<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:installing-scripts --></a>).</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.4</span> <a id=
"x11-160003.4" name="x11-160003.4"></a>Changing T<sub>E</sub>Xworks
parameters for convenience</h3><a id="dx11-16001" name=
"dx11-16001"></a> <!--l. 180-->
<p class="noindent">If the default font<a id="dx11-16002" name=
"dx11-16002"></a> of the editor doesn’t suit you, it is possible to
change it from <em class="c8">Format</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c8">Font…</em> by selecting a
new one in the dialogue box which appears. This change will apply
only to the current window, and until T<sub>E</sub>Xworks is
restarted. <!--l. 182--></p>
<p class="indent">From the <em class="c8">Typeset</em> menu or from
the drop-down on the <em class="c8">Typesetting tool bar</em>, you
can change the compilation format. Again this change will only be
temporary and for the current document. <!--l. 184--></p>
<p class="indent">To have permanent changes, you need to change the
<em>preferences<a id="dx11-16003" name="dx11-16003"></a></em>
through the <em class="c8">Edit</em><span class=
"lmsy-10x-x-120">→</span><em class="c8">Preferences…</em> menu
item, using the <em class="c8">Editor</em> tab for the font and the
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