path: root/Master/texmf/doc/man/man1/otftotfm.1

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.TH OTFTOTFM 1 "LCDF Typetools" "Version \*V"
.SH NAME
otftotfm \- create TeX font metrics from OpenType fonts
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B otftotfm
\%[\fB\-a\fR]
\%[\fBoptions\fR]
\%\fIfontfile\fR [\fItexname\fR]
'
.SH DESCRIPTION
.BR Otftotfm
creates the font metric and encoding files required to use an OpenType font
with TeX.  You supply an OpenType ".otf" or ".ttf" font file, 
a base ".enc" encoding,
and a TeX name "\fItexname\fR" for the resulting font, and say which
OpenType features should be turned on.  Then
.B otftotfm
generates and installs the corresponding TeX-related metric files (".tfm"
TeX font metrics, ".vf" virtual fonts, and ".enc" encoding files).  It
works on both PostScript-flavored and TrueType-flavored OpenType fonts,
although TrueType-flavor support will only work easily with pdftex.
.LP
The easiest way to use
.B otftotfm
is with the
.B \-a
option; see Automatic Mode below.  Without
.BR \-a ,
.B otftotfm
writes all its output files to the current directory.
.LP
After running "\fBotftotfm\fR \fIfontfile\fR \fItexname\fR" and
installing the results (manually or with
.BR \-a ),
you can use the OpenType font in plain TeX with a command like this:
.Sp
.nf
    \efont\emyfont=\fItexname\fR at 10pt
    {\emyfont This text uses the OpenType font.}
.fi
.Sp
LaTeX users will generally make a ".fd" input file so that commands like
"\erenewcommand{\ermdefault}{TeXName}" work correctly.  See the EXAMPLE
section for more; check the DIAGNOSTICS and FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
sections if you have trouble.
'
.SS "OpenType Features"
.LP
OpenType fonts support optional
.I features
that change their appearance.  Use the
.B \-f
option to turn on selected features.  For example, "\fB\-f\fRsmcp" replaces
lower-case letters with the corresponding small capitals, in fonts that
support this.  
'
.PP
You'll generally provide at least the "\fB\-f\fRkern" and "\fB\-f\fRliga"
options, which activate pair kerns and f-ligatures.  Other interesting
features include "\fB\-f\fRcpsp", for capital spacing; "\fB\-f\fRdlig", for
optional ligatures; "\fB\-f\fRlnum", "\fB\-f\fRonum", "\fB\-f\fRpnum", and
"\fB\-f\fRtnum", to control digit glyphs; "\fB\-f\fRsmcp", for small
capitals; "\fB\-f\fRswsh", for swash variants; and "\fB\-f\fRcswh", for
contextual swash.  See the FEATURE DIRECTORY section below for more.  The
.M otfinfo 1
program will report which features a font supports; run "\fBotfinfo\fR
\fB\-f\fR \fIfontfile\fR".
'
.PP
Feature options can also apply a feature to a subset of characters in the
font.  For example, "\fB\-\-lf\fR smcp"
.I only
replaces letters with small capitals, whereas "\fB\-f\fRsmcp" might
additionally replace digits and punctuation marks with small-capital
versions.
'
.SS Automatic Mode
.PP
Automatic mode, triggered by the
.BR \-a / \-\-automatic
option, installs font metrics and encoding files where TeX can find them,
and additionally installs a Type 1 font and mapping for 
.M dvips 1 .  
This requires a TeX installation that follows the TeX Directory Structure
standard (http://www.tug.org/tds/), such as most Unix TeX installations.
'
.PP
Automatic mode should run seamlessly out of the box.
.B Otftotfm
will install metrics files, encodings, map files, and Type\~1 fonts into
.I $HOME/.texmf-var
or any other writable TEXMF directory, and run
.M updmap 1
to update the global lists of installed fonts.  (On older teTeX
installations, you may first need to copy the system's
.I updmap.cfg
file to
.I $HOME/texmf/web2c
and run
.M mktexlsr 1 .)
You can then run "\fBotftotfm\fR
.B \-a
.IR fontfile
.IR texname \&"
and immediately refer to the font in TeX using the
.I texname
you supplied.  Again, you will have to write ".fd" files and/or typescripts
to make the font conveniently accessible from LaTeX or ConTeXt.  See the
DIAGNOSTICS section if you have problems with these instructions.
'
.PP
In automatic mode,
.B otftotfm
searches your $TEXMFVAR or $TEXMF path for a writable directory, then
installs files under that directory tree as follows:
'
.TS
l	l	l	.
\fBFile type\fR	\fBDirectory\fR	\fBFilename\fR
TFM	TEXMF/fonts/tfm/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fItexname\fR[\-\-base].tfm
VF	TEXMF/fonts/vf/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fItexname\fR.vf
PL	TEXMF/fonts/pl/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fItexname\fR[\-\-base].pl
VPL	TEXMF/fonts/vpl/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fItexname\fR.vpl
encoding	TEXMF/fonts/enc/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/	a_\fIsignature\fR.enc
	or TEXMF/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/
font map	TEXMF/fonts/map/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/	\fIvendor\fR.map
	or TEXMF/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/
.TE
.PP
"TEXMF" stands for the writable TEXMF directory.  \fITexname\fR is the
font name supplied as 
.BR otftotfm 's
second argument.  The \fIvendor\fR and \fItypeface\fR strings are required
by TDS; they default to "lcdftools" and the font's family name,
respectively, but see the
.B \-\-vendor
and
.B \-\-typeface
options.  \fISignature\fR is an opaque 6-character encoding signature.
.PP
.B Otftotfm
also installs a font file suitable for printing.
PostScript-flavored OpenType fonts are translated to Type 1 format and
installed as PFB fonts; TrueType-flavored fonts are installed as is (pdftex
and pdflatex can read TrueType directly).  However,
.B otftotfm
will not install a font file if one already exists.  The installation paths
are as follows, where \fIPSname\fR is the font's PostScript name.
.TS
l	l	l	.
PFB	TEXMF/fonts/type1/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fIPSname\fR.pfb
TrueType	TEXMF/fonts/truetype/\fIvendor\fR/\fItypeface\fR/	\fIfontfile\fR
.TE
.PP
You can override these directories with environment variables and options
as follows.  Options take precedence over environment variables.
'
.TS
l	l	l	.
\fBFile type\fR	\fBEnvironment variable\fR	\fBOption\fR
TFM	TFMDESTDIR	\-\-tfm\-directory
VF	VFDESTDIR	\-\-vf\-directory
PL	PLDESTDIR	\-\-pl\-directory
VPL	VPLDESTDIR	\-\-vpl\-directory
encoding	ENCODINGDESTDIR	\-\-encoding\-directory
PFB	T1DESTDIR	\-\-type1\-directory
TrueType	TRUETYPEDESTDIR	\-\-truetype\-directory
font map	\-	\-\-map\-file
.TE
.PP
.B Otftotfm
will update the
.I TEXMF/ls-R
file when installing files under TEXMF.  It will also run the
.M updmap 1
program after changing a map file, unless the 
.B \-\-no\-updmap
option was supplied.  However, if an executable file called
.IR TEXMF/dvips/updmap
exists, this file is executed (from the
.I TEXMF/dvips
directory) rather than the global
.BR updmap .
This is so you can write a fast, customized version of
.B updmap
if desired.
'
.SH EXAMPLE
This section uses MinionPro to show one way to install OpenType fonts for
LaTeX.  We begin with six fonts: "MinionPro-Regular.otf",
"MinionPro-It.otf", "MinionPro-Semibold.otf", "MinionPro-SemiboldIt.otf",
"MinionPro-Bold.otf", and "MinionPro-BoldIt.otf".
.PP
Our first task is to decide how to encode the fonts.  The "encoding scheme"
is used by TeX to decide how to typeset accents and symbols like "$".  The
"LY1" encoding scheme has reasonable accent support and is a good choice
for many OpenType fonts.  LY1 corresponds to the "texnansx.enc" encoding
file, so we will supply
.B otftotfm
with the "\fB\-e\fR texnansx" option.
.RS
.LP
Expert note: Strictly speaking, LY1 corresponds to the "texnansi.enc"
encoding file.  Since the "texnansx.enc" version omits duplicate
characters, it has more room for font-specific glyphs and is generally a
better choice; but if you plan to type characters like "ae" directly into
your editor, rather than using TeX commands like \eae, you should use
"texnansi.enc".
.RE
.PP
Next, we decide on a naming scheme for the font metric files.  Let's use
the OpenType font names as a base.  (There's generally no need to follow
the six-character "Karl Berry" naming scheme.)  Just in case we come back
later and add a different encoding scheme, we'll prepend "LY1--" to each
name.
.PP
We're now ready to run
.B otftotfm
for the first set of fonts.  Note the "\fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga"
options, which access pair kerns and the default "f" ligatures.
.Sp
.nf
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Regular.otf \e
            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Regular
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-It.otf \e
            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-It
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Semibold.otf \e
            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Semibold
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-SemiboldIt.otf \e
            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-SemiboldIt
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Bold.otf \e
            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Bold
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-BoldIt.otf \e
            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga LY1\-\-MinionPro\-BoldIt
.fi
.Sp
The small-caps fonts are generated with an additional "\fB\-f\fRsmcp"
option.  We append "\-\-fsmcp" to the font metric names as well,
differentiating them from the regular fonts.  Although MinionPro's italic
fonts support small-caps, the LaTeX font selection scheme can't access them
easily, so we've left them off.
.Sp
.nf
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Regular.otf \e
            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga \fB\-f\fRsmcp LY1\-\-MinionPro-Regular\-\-fsmcp
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Semibold.otf \e
            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga \fB\-f\fRsmcp LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Semibold\-\-fsmcp
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-a\fR \fB\-e\fR texnansx MinionPro\-Bold.otf \e
            \fB\-f\fRkern \fB\-f\fRliga \fB\-f\fRsmcp LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Bold\-\-fsmcp
.fi
.Sp
To get old-style numerals, just add the "\fB\-f\fRonum" option to each
invocation -- and, to reduce confusion, append "\-\-fonum" to the font metric
names.
.PP
At this point, all our font metric files are installed, and it's finally
time to create the ".fd" file.  (The ".fd" format is documented in
.IR "The LaTeX Companion" .)
Let's call the LaTeX font family "MinionPro".  Then the ".fd" file is
"LY1MinionPro.fd", and it contains:
.Sp
.nf
    \eDeclareFontFamily{LY1}{MinionPro}{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{m}{n}%
            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Regular }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{m}{it}{ <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-It }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{m}{sc}%
            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Regular\-\-fsmcp }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{sb}{n}%
            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Semibold }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{sb}{it}%
            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-SemiboldIt }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{sb}{sc}%
            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Semibold\-\-fsmcp }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{b}{n}{ <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro-Bold }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{b}{it}%
            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-BoldIt }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{b}{sc}%
            { <\-> LY1\-\-MinionPro\-Bold\-\-fsmcp }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{bx}{n}%
            { <\-> ssub * MinionPro/b/n }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{bx}{it}%
            { <\-> ssub * MinionPro/b/it }{}
    \eDeclareFontShape{LY1}{MinionPro}{bx}{sc}%
            { <\-> ssub * MinionPro/b/sc }{}
.fi
.PP
We're now ready to use MinionPro in LaTeX, with lines like this in the
document preamble:
.Sp
.nf
    \eusepackage[LY1]{fontenc}
    \erenewcommand{\ermdefault}{MinionPro}
    \erenewcommand{\ebfdefault}{b}
.fi
.PP
Of course, we're free at any time to add more MinionPro variants with
.BR otftotfm ;
they'll become accessible to LaTeX as soon as we edit the "MinionPro.fd"
file.
'
.SH OPTIONS
With long options, you need type only as many characters as will make the
option unique.
.SS Font Feature and Transformation Options
.PD 0
.TP 5
.BI \-s " script\fR[.\fIlang\fR], " \-\-script= "script\fR[.\fIlang\fR]"
Apply features suitable to the script system
.I script
and language system
.IR lang .
Scripts and language systems are two-to-four-letter names assigned by
Microsoft and Adobe.  Examples include "latn" (Latin script), "grek" (Greek
script), and "yi.YIC" (Yi script with classic characters).  If
.I lang
is not specified, 
.B otftotfm
will use the default language system for that
script.  You can give this option multiple times.  Run "\fBotfinfo\fR
\-s \fIfont\fR" to see the list of scripts and languages a
font supports.  Defaults to "latn".
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-f " feature\fR, " \-\-feature= "feature"
Activate the feature named
.IR feature .
Features are four-letter names assigned by Microsoft and Adobe; they are
meant to correspond to font behaviors, such as kerning or small-capitals.
Examples include "liga" (default ligatures), "dlig" (discretionary
ligatures), "kern" (kerning), and "c2sc" (replacing capitals with small
capitals).  Give this option multiple times to apply multiple features.  Run
"\fBotfinfo\fR \-f [\-\-script option] \fIfont\fR" to see the list
of features a font supports for a specified script.
Defaults to any features required by the selected scripts.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-lf " feature\fR, " \-\-letter\-feature= "feature"
Activate the feature named
.IR feature ,
but only for letters.  For instance, the "\-f smcp" option will apply the
small-caps feature to all characters in the encoding; this may result in
changes to punctuation and numbers as well as letters.  The "\-\-lf smcp"
option will apply the small-caps feature only to letters, meaning
characters with the "Letter" Unicode property.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-subs\-filter " pattern"
.TP 5
.BI \-\-include\-subs " pattern"
.TP 5
.BI \-\-exclude\-subs " pattern"
.TP 5
.BI \-\-clear\-subs
Limit the characters that
.B otftotfm
will substitute.  Substitution is allowed on an input character if it
matches at least one of the
.B \-\-include
patterns, and none of the
.B \-\-exclude
patterns.  Each pattern applies to all following features, except that the
.B \-\-clear
option clears any accumulated patterns.  The
.BI \-\-subs\-filter " pattern"
option acts like
.B \-\-clear\-subs
followed by
.BI \-\-include\-subs " pattern\fR. "
For pattern syntax, see GLYPH PATTERNS, below.
.Sp
In the command line below, the \&'<Number>' pattern will force the "onum"
feature to substitute only numbers (and not, for example, punctuation).
The "salt" feature can still substitute any character.
.nf
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-f\fRsalt \fB\-\-include\-subs\fR="<Number>" \fB\-f\fRonum \.\.\.
.fi
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-E " fac\fR, " \-\-extend= fac
Widen, or extend, the font by a factor of
.IR fac .
Like
.M afm2tfm 1 's
.B \-e
option.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-S " amt\fR, " \-\-slant= amt
Oblique, or slant, the font by
.IR amt .
Like
.M afm2tfm 1 's
.B \-s
option.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-L " amt\fR, " \-\-letterspacing= amt
Letterspace each character by
.IR amt
units, where 1000 units equals one em.  The width of each character
increases by
.IR amt ,
with half the space distributed to each sidebearing.  Boundary-character
kerns are added to maintain alignment at the ends of lines.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BR \-\-math\-spacing "[=\fIskewchar\fR]"
Ignore the font's claimed character widths, deriving horizontal metrics
from bounding boxes instead.  This results in similar spacing as the
Computer Modern Math Italic font, with increased sidebearings for letters
like f and j.
.Sp
If you provide
.IR skewchar ,
a number between 0 and 255 or a single character, then
.B otftotfm
adds heuristically-derived kerns to the font that may improve accent
positions in math mode.  To get the benefits, you must tell TeX about the
.I skewchar
with a command like "\eskewchar\efont=\fIskewchar\fR".
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI "\-k " "N\fR, " \-\-min\-kern= N
Only output kerning pairs whose absolute value is
.IR N
or larger.  Larger minimum kerns make kerning less precise, but shrink the
output TFM file.  The default minimum kern is 2.0, or 0.002 em.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-space\-factor= fac
Scale the width of the inter-word space by a factor of
.IR fac .
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-design\-size= size
Set the output font's design size to
.IR size ,
a value in TeX points.  This value is mostly just documentation, since LaTeX
essentially ignores fonts' design sizes, but plain TeX may occasionally use
the design size to decide how large a font should be.  (Loading a font in
TeX "at" a particular size effectively ignores the design size; loading a
font plain or "scaled" by a given factor uses the design size.)  The default
is taken from the input font's optical size feature, or 10pt if it has no
such feature.
.PD
'
'
.SS Encoding Options
'
.PD 0
.TP 5
.BI \-e " encoding\fR, " \-\-encoding= encoding
Select the output metrics's base
.M dvips 1
encoding. 
.B Otftotfm
will search for
.IR encoding [.enc]
the same way that
.B dvips
would, so you may not need to give a full pathname.  Say
.B \-e \-
to start with the font's default encoding.
See ENCODINGS, below,
for more information.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-boundary\-char= char
Set the font's boundary character to
.IR char ,
which should either be a single non-digit character, or a number between \-1
and 255. The default is taken from the encoding.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-altselector\-char= char
Set the font's alternate-selector character to
.IR char ,
which should either be a single non-digit character, or a number between \-1
and 255.  Use an alternate selector if you want to choose between different
versions of a character from within a TeX file.  For instance, say that your
font provides three versions of "A".  If you want to access them all, pick a
character to be your alternate selector -- say "*".  Then give 
.B otftotfm
the \&'\-\-altselector\-char="*"'
option.  In TeX, "A" will produce the normal version, "A*" will produce the
first alternate, and "A**" will produce the second alternate.  Furthermore,
"s*t" will activate any discretionary "s_t" ligature in the font.
.Sp
The
.B \-\-altselector\-char
mechanism uses the features specified by
.BR \-\-altselector\-feature
options.  You don't need to turn on those features if you use
.BR \-\-altselector .
.Sp
The alternate-selector character may also be specified in the encoding; see
ENCODINGS, below.  See Sivan Toledo's article cited in the SEE ALSO section
for more information.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-altselector\-feature= feature
Activate the feature named
.I feature
for the
.B \-\-altselector\-char
mechanism.  Give this option multiple times to activate multiple
features.  This option activates features only for use with
.BR \-\-altselector\-char ;
use the
.B \-\-feature
option to activate features globally.  Defaults to the
.I salt
and
.I dlig
features.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-alternates\-filter= pattern
.TP 5
.BI \-\-include\-alternates= pattern
.TP 5
.BI \-\-exclude\-alternates= pattern
.TP 5
.BI \-\-clear\-alternates
Limit the alternate characters that
.B otftotfm
will select.  An alternate is used if it matches at least one of the
.B \-\-include
patterns, and none of the
.B \-\-exclude
patterns.  Each pattern applies to all following features, except that the
.B \-\-clear
option clears any accumulated patterns.  The
.BI \-\-alternates\-filter " pattern"
option acts like
.B \-\-clear\-alternates
followed by
.BI \-\-include\-alternates " pattern\fR. "
For pattern syntax, see GLYPH PATTERNS, below.
.Sp
OpenType fonts can have many alternates per character, most of which aren't
interesting.  For example, the character "a" in WarnockPro-Regular has five
alternates, "ordfeminine", "Asmall", "asuperior", "a.end", and
"orn.013".  The
.B \-\-altselector\-char
option lets you cycle through these alternates, but it's better to leave
out the ones you don't want, to avoid overfull encodings.  Thus, if you were
only interested in ".end" variants, you might supply an
\&'\-\-include\-alternates="*.end"'
option.
.Sp
In the command line below, the \&'*.end' pattern will apply to "aalt"
alternates, but not to "salt" alternates.
.nf
    \fBotftotfm\fR \fB\-f\fRsalt \fB\-\-include\-alternates\fR="*.end" \fB\-f\fRaalt \.\.\.
.fi
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-ligkern= command
Add a LIGKERN
.IR command
to the encoding.  For example, \&'\fB\-\-ligkern\fR "T {L} h"' suppresses any
T_h ligature in the font.  You can supply multiple
.B \-\-ligkern
options.  See ENCODINGS, below.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-position= command
Add a POSITION
.IR command
to the encoding.  For example, \&'\fB\-\-position\fR "T 10 0 20"' adds ten
units of space to either side of the "T" character.  You can supply
multiple
.B \-\-position
options.  See ENCODINGS, below.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-unicoding= command
Add a UNICODING
.IR command
to the encoding.  For example, \&'\fB\-\-unicoding\fR "pi1 =: uni03D6"' tells
.B otftotfm 
to encode "/pi1" as U+03D6 GREEK PI SYMBOL.  You can supply multiple
.B \-\-unicoding
options.  See ENCODINGS, below.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-no\-encoding\-commands
Ignore any LIGKERN and/or UNICODING commands in the encoding file.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-no\-default\-ligkern
Don't include
.BR otftotfm 's
default LIGKERN commands.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-coding\-scheme= scheme
Add a CODINGSCHEME to the encoding.  See ENCODINGS, below.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-warn\-missing
Warn about encoded characters not supported by the font.  See the
WARNMISSING command in ENCODINGS, below.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-literal\-encoding= encoding
Select the
.M dvips 1
encoding used for the font.  No glyph substitutions will be permitted, so
the output encoding will equal the input encoding (and 
.B otftotfm
will not generate an output encoding).
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-base\-encodings= file
.B Experts only.
Allow the output font to refer to existing "base" fonts.  This can greatly
reduce the number of base fonts generated by
.BR otftotfm ". "
Each line in the
.I file
argument contains a TeX font name (as for
.BR \-\-name )
and a corresponding literal encoding file (as for
.BR \-\-literal\-encoding );
for example:
.nf
    WarnoProReg\-\-eka eka
    WarnoProReg\-\-exp1 exp1
.fi
The named fonts must have been created by prior runs of
.B otftotfm
on the same input OpenType font, with the same
.BR \-\-extend
and
.BR \-\-slant
options as the current run.  The current output font will refer to glyphs
from the named base fonts when possible.  If the base fonts cover all
glyphs required by the output font,
.B otftotfm
won't generate any new base fonts at all.  The
.I file
can also refer to dotless-J fonts using the following syntax:
.nf
    WarnoProReg\-\-lcdfj \- dotlessj
.fi
'
.PD
'
'
.SS Automatic Mode Options
'
.PD 0
.TP 5
.BI \-a "\fR, " \-\-automatic
Select automatic mode.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-v " vendor\fR, " \-\-vendor= vendor
Set the font vendor name, which is used to locate files within the TDS.
Defaults to "lcdftools".
.Sp
In automatic mode, TeX and friends will generally find required font files
independently of the vendor you select.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-typeface= typeface
Set the font typeface name, which is used to locate files within the TDS.
Defaults to the current font's family name with unsuiable characters
removed.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-no\-type1
Do not use
.M cfftot1 1
to create Type 1 fonts corresponding to the OpenType input fonts.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-no\-dotlessj
Do not use
.M t1dotlessj 1
to create a special dotless-j font when the input font doesn't have
dotless-j.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-no\-updmap
Do not run an
.M updmap 1
program.  This can be useful if you're installing a bunch of fonts; it is
much faster to run
.B updmap
once, at the end, than to run it once per font.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-no\-truetype
Do not install TrueType-flavored OpenType fonts.
.PD
'
'
.SS Output Options
.PD 0
.TP 5
.BI \-n " texname\fR, " \-\-name= texname
Set the TeX name of the output font, which is used in font map files and,
in automatic mode, to generate the output filename.  The default is derived
from the OpenType font's name and the features you selected.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-p "\fR, " \-\-pl
Output human-readable PL and VPL metrics, not binary TFM and VF metrics.
Note: 
.BR Otftotfm 's
PL and VPL output files are legal, but the
.B fontinst
program may not accept them (it has a picky parser).  Make sure to supply a
.BR \-\-coding\-scheme ;
if that doesn't help, run the TFM output through
.M tftopl 1 .
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-no\-virtual
Do not generate virtual fonts (VFs and VPLs). 
.B Otftotfm
will warn if the selected font features cannot be implemented without
virtual fonts.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-no\-encoding
Do not generate an encoding file.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BR \-\-output\-encoding [=\fIfile\fR]
Only generate an encoding file; do not generate any other output.  The
encoding file is written to
.IR file , 
or to standard output if no
.I file
argument is supplied.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-no\-map
Do not generate a font map line for the font.
'
.\" .Sp
.\" .TP 5
.\" .BI \-\-base\-name name
.\" Experts only: Set the TeX name of the "base" output font.  When
.\" .B otftotfm
.\" needs to make a virtual font (because of font features and/or
.\" letterspacing), it must generate at least two TFM metrics files, one for
.\" the base font and one for the virtual font.  In some cases, multiple
.\" virtual fonts can share the same base metrics, reducing the number of
.\" installed metrics files.  This option lets you explicitly set the name of
.\" the base output font independently from the main output font, and thus
.\" force fonts to share base metrics.  The default base name is derived from
.\" the TeX name, with "\f(CW\-\-base\fR" appended.
.PD
'
'
.SS File Location Options
.PD 0
.TP 5
.BI \-\-tfm\-directory= dir
.TP 5
.BI \-\-pl\-directory= dir
.TP 5
.BI \-\-vf\-directory= dir
.TP 5
.BI \-\-vpl\-directory= dir
.TP 5
.BI \-\-encoding\-directory= dir
.TP 5
.BI \-\-type1\-directory= dir
Set the directory used for various output types.  Each directory may be set
by an environment variable, and defaults to a TDS directory in automatic
mode, or to "." otherwise.  Environment variable names and default TDS
locations are described in the Automatic Mode section above.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-map\-file= filename
Set file in which 
.B otftotfm
will write a font map
line for the font.  The default is the standard output in manual mode, and
"TEXMF/fonts/map/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/\fIvendor\fR.map" (or
"TEXMF/dvips/\fIvendor\fR/\fIvendor\fR.map" on older installations) in
automatic mode.
.PD
'
'
.SS Miscellaneous Options
.PD 0
.TP 5
.BI \-\-glyphlist= file
Use
.I file
as the Adobe glyph list, which helps translate glyph names to Unicode code
points.  See ENCODINGS, below, for more information.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BR \-V ", " \-\-verbose
Write progress messages to standard error.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BR \-\-no\-create
Do not create or modify any files.  Instead, write messages about the
program's hypothetical progress to standard error.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BR \-\-force
Generate all files, even if it looks like versions are already installed.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BR \-q ", " \-\-quiet
Do not generate any error messages.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BI \-\-kpathsea\-debug= flags
Set path searching debugging flags.  See the
.I Kpathsea
manual for details.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
Print usage information and exit.
'
.Sp
.TP 5
.BR \-\-version
Print the version number and some short non-warranty information and exit.
.PD
'
.SH ENCODINGS
.B Otftotfm
interprets encoding files as Unicode.  For example, say an input encoding
has "/dotlessi" at position 10.
.B Otftotfm
detects that position 10 should contain Unicode character U+0131 LATIN
SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I, and uses the font's glyph for that character
(possibly modified by any active features).  The selected glyph might not
be named "dotlessi"; only the Unicode value matters.
.PP
.B Otftotfm
assigns Unicode values to glyph names using a table published by Adobe (SEE
ALSO has a reference), with extensions for TeX.  For more fine-grained
control, add UNICODING commands to the input encoding file.  These commands
have the following format:
.nf
    % UNICODING \fIglyph\fR =: \fIchoice1\fR [\fIchoice2\fR ...] ;
.fi
This tells
.B otftotfm
that the glyph named
.I glyph 
translates into the first Unicode value in the
.I choice
list that has a character in the font.  \fIGlyph\fR and the
.IR choice s
are PostScript glyph names; the initial "%" sign is required; and each
UNICODING line can contain multiple commands, separated by spaced
semicolons.  For example,
.nf
    % UNICODING pi1 =: uni03D6 ;
.fi
tells otftotfm that the character "/pi1" encodes as U+03D6 GREEK PI SYMBOL,
and
.nf
    % UNICODING Delta =: uni0394 uni2206 ;
.fi
tells it that U+0394 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA should be preferred to
U+2206 INCREMENT as an encoding for "/Delta".  You can also supply regular
glyph names:
.nf
    % UNICODING Delta =: Deltagreek Delta ;
.fi
Supply zero choices to remove a glyph from the input encoding.  For
instance:
.nf
    % UNICODING ff =: ; fi =: ; fl =: ; ffi =: ; ffl =: ;
.fi
The f-ligatures will be added back to the encoding, preferably at their
original locations, if some font feature requires them.  Finally, map a
glyph to \&'emptyslot' if you don't want
.B otftotfm
to use the slot for a ligature character.  For example, this will leave the
\&'ff' slot unused if the font has no \&'ff' glyph:
.nf
    % UNICODING ff =: ff emptyslot ;
.fi
(Note that most OpenType fonts provide a visible representation for unused
encoding slots, namely a box with an X inside.)
.PP
LIGKERN comments in the encoding can add ligatures and inhibit kerns, as in
.M afm2tfm 1 .
To add a ligature, say:
.nf
    % LIGKERN \fIglyph1\fR \fIglyph2\fR =: \fIresult\fR ;
.fi
The "=:" operator indicates a normal ligature, where both the input glyphs
are removed and replaced by
.IR result .
To preserve the left-hand glyph, for an effect like "\fIglyph1\fR
\fIglyph2\fR =: \fIglyph1\fR \fIresult\fR", use "|=:" instead; to preserve
the right-hand glyph, use "=:|".
.\" The other five ligature operators are not yet supported.
To remove all kerns between two characters, say:
.nf
    % LIGKERN \fIglyph1\fR {} \fIglyph2\fR ;
.fi
A "*" matches any character, so
.nf
    % LIGKERN a {} * ;
.fi
removes all kerns with "a" as the left-hand character, and
.nf
    % LIGKERN * {} * ;
.fi
removes all kerns.
.PP
.B Otftotfm
also supports extended syntax for setting kern values and inhibiting
ligatures.  To add an \fIn\fR-unit kern between two glyphs, say:
.nf
    % LIGKERNX \fIglyph1\fR {\fIn\fR} \fIglyph2\fR ;
.fi
where \fIn\fR is an integer.  This:
.nf
    % LIGKERNX \fIglyph1\fR {L} \fIglyph2\fR ;
.fi
inhibits any ligature between
.I glyph1
and
.IR glyph2 .
"{LK}" and "{KL}" inhibit both ligatures and kerns.
.PP
You can set the 
.B \-\-boundary\-char
and
.B \-\-altselector\-char
from an encoding file with commands like this:
.nf
    % LIGKERN || = \fIboundarychar\fR ;
    % LIGKERNX ^^ = \fIaltselectorchar\fR ;
.fi
As with UNICODING, each LIGKERN or LIGKERNX line can contain multiple
commands, separated by spaced semicolons.
.PP
.B Otftotfm
has a default set of eight ligatures, namely:
.nf
    space l =: lslash ; space L =: Lslash ;
    question quoteleft =: questiondown ; exclam quoteleft =: exclamdown ;
    hyphen hyphen =: endash ; endash hyphen =: emdash ;
    quoteleft quoteleft =: quotedblleft ; 
    quoteright quoteright =: quotedblright
.fi
LIGKERN commands in the encoding file and
.B \-\-ligkern
options can override these defaults, or supply the
.B \-\-no\-default\-ligkern
option to turn them off.
.PP
The POSITION command shifts a glyph within its bounding box.  The syntax is
.nf
    % POSITION \fIglyph\fR \fIpdx\fR \fIpdy\fR \fIadx\fR ;
.fi
This will add
.I pdx
units of space to
.IR glyph 's
left edge; raise it up by
.I pdy
units; and add
.I adx
units to its width.  For example, to add 10 units of space to either side
of the "T" glyph, supply
.nf
    % POSITION T 10 0 20
.fi
To move the "degree" symbol up by 20 units, supply
.nf
    % POSITION degree 0 20 0
.fi
.PP
The CODINGSCHEME command specifies the coding scheme for fonts using this
encoding.  This is a string, less than 40 characters long and containing no
parentheses, that classifies the encoding for TeX's purposes.  Sample
coding schemes include "TEX TEXT", "TEX MATH ITALIC", and "EXTENDED TEX
FONT ENCODING - LATIN".  For example:
.nf
    % CODINGSCHEME EXTENDED TEX FONT ENCODING - LATIN
.fi
Most tools ignore the coding scheme; fontinst is an exception.
.B Otftotfm
uses the encoding's PostScript name for the default coding scheme.
.PP
Finally, the WARNMISSING command makes any glyphs not supported by the
input font appear as black boxes.  The
.M dvips 1
processor will also print a warning when encountering these glyphs.  For
example:
.nf
    % WARNMISSING yes
.fi
.PP
The
.BR \-\-unicoding ,
.BR \-\-ligkern ,
.BR \-\-position ,
.BR \-\-coding\-scheme ,
and
.B \-\-warn\-missing
options add UNICODING, LIGKERN/LIGKERNX, POSITION, CODINGSCHEME, and
WARNMISSING commands to an encoding, and can override commands in the
encoding itself.  Some common encoding files have commands that are
inappropriate for OpenType fonts; for example, "t1.enc" hard-codes
f-ligatures, which can cause problems with small-cap fonts.  Supply the
.B \-\-no\-encoding\-commands
option to ignore all commands from the encoding file.  Commands from
options like
.B \-\-ligkern
are processed in any case.
'
.SS New Glyphs
.PP
New glyphs, such as ligatures and contextual substitutions, are added to
the encoding in any empty spaces, using their original locations when
possible.  If the encoding doesn't have enough space for all new glyphs,
shorter ligatures composed of unaccented letters get precedence.
'
.SS Synthetic Glyphs
.PP
.B Otftotfm
can synthesize some glyphs using virtual font manipulations, if a required
glyph is not available in the input font. Specifically, it will synthesize:
.Sp
.PD 0
.TP 22
cwm
TeX's compound word mark (a zero-width "strut" rule with height equal to the font's x-height)
.TP
ascendercompwordmark
"cwm" with height equal to the font's ascenders
.TP
capitalcompwordmark
"cwm" with height equal to the font's capitals
.TP
visualspace
A square cup used to represent spaces
.TP
dotlessj
A dotless "j", synthesized with
.M t1dotlessj 1
.TP
dblbracketleft
Kerned version of "[["
.TP
dblbracketright
Kerned version of "]]"
.TP
bardbl
The parallel symbol "||"
.TP
asteriskmath
Vertically-centered "*"
.TP
ringfitted
Ring accent centered on the width of "A"
.TP
twelveudash
2/3-em-wide dash
.TP
threequartersemdash
3/4-em-wide dash
.TP
centigrade
"(degrees)C"
.TP
interrobang
Combined "?!" symbol
.TP
interrobangdown
Inverted interrobang
.TP
pertenthousand
Per-ten-thousand sign (% with two extra 0s)
.TP
IJ
"IJ" ligature
.TP
ij
"ij" ligature
.TP
Germandbls
"SS" (a capital sharp-s)
.TP
SSsmall
Small-capital version of "SS"
.TP
FFsmall
Small-capital version of "FF"
.TP
FIsmall
Small-capital version of "FI"
.TP
FLsmall
Small-capital version of "FL"
.TP
FFIsmall
Small-capital version of "FFI"
.TP
FFIsmall
Small-capital version of "FFL"
.PD
'
'
.SH "GLYPH PATTERNS"
.LP
The
.BR \-\-include\-subs 
and
.BR \-\-include\-alternates
options, and their
.B \-\-exclude
and
.B \-\-*\-filter
variants, accept the following types of pattern.
.BUP
Glyph names.  Example: "Aacute".  For PostScript-flavored fonts, use
.M otfinfo 1 's
.B \-g
option to see a font's glyph names, and "\fBcfftot1\fR \fIfont\fR.otf |
\fBt1testpage\fR" to generate a PostScript file showing each glyph.
.BUP
Glyph name patterns using the shell-style glob-matching rules: "*" matches
any number of characters, "?" matches any single character, and "[...]"
matches any character in a set.  Example: "*.end".
.BUP
Unicode category properties in angle brackets.  Examples: "<Letter>",
"<UppercaseLetter>", "<Lu>".  The complete list of both short and long
names: Letter/L, UppercaseLetter/Lu, LowercaseLetter/Ll,
TitlecaseLetter/Lt, ModifierLetter/Lm, OtherLetter/Lo; Number/N,
DecimalNumber/Nd, LetterNumber/Nl, OtherNumber/No; Punctuation/P,
ConnectorPunctuation/Pc, DashPunctuation/Pd, OpenPunctuation/Ps,
ClosePunctuation/Pe, InitialPunctuation/Pi, FinalPunctuation/Pf,
OtherPunctuation/Po; Symbol/S, MathSymbol/Sm, CurrencySymbol/Sc,
ModifierSymbol/Sk, OtherSymbol/So; Mark/M, SpacingMark/Mc,
EnclosingMark/Me, NonspacingMark/Mn; Separator/Z, SpaceSeparator/Zs,
LineSeparator/Zl, ParagraphSeparator/Zp; Other/C, Surrogate/Cs, Format/Cf,
Control/Cc, PrivateUse/Co, Unassigned/Cn.  Category values current as of
Unicode 4.0.
.BUP
Unicode ranges.  Example: "U+007f-U+008C".
.PP
The "!" prefix negates a pattern, and you can separate multiple patterns by
spaces.
'
.SH "FEATURE DIRECTORY"
.LP
This section lists features common to Western OpenType fonts and describes
how
.B otftotfm 
handles them for common fonts.  Please send the author mail if
.B otftotfm
does not handle a feature you need, or you believe it handles some feature
incorrectly.
.Sp
.PD 0
.TP 5
.IR aalt ", Access All Alternates"
Lets the user choose between all available alternate forms for a character.
This includes things like superscript and subscript variants, different
styles (swash, for example), and even ornaments.  The
.BR \-\-altselector\-feature= aalt
option can help an
.BR \-\-altselector\-char
provide useful access to alternates, but the
.I aalt
feature isn't usually useful on its own.  Try the
.IR salt " and " calt
features instead.
.TP 5
.IR c2sc ", Small Capitals From Capitals"
Replaces capital letters with small capitals: a sort of converse of the
more conventional
.I smcp
feature, which replaces lower-case letters with small capitals.  Supported.
.TP 5
.IR calt ", Contextual Alternates"
Lets the user choose between context-appropriate swash forms for each
character.  For example, given the word "DREW" in a cursive typeface, the "R
E W" might be translated to calmer forms than the initial "D".  There may be
more than one choice for a given letter, in which case the user should be
able to select among them.  TeX can't support complex contextual alternates,
or alternate selection, but 
.B otftotfm 
supports some fonts quite well.  The input encoding should have lots of
empty space for variants, and it should specify a boundary character.  See
also
.IR cswh .
.TP 5
.IR case ", Case-Sensitive Forms"
Shifts punctuation marks up to a position that works well with
all-capital-letter sequences.  For example, the hyphen character, which
generally centers vertically on the x-height, is raised up to center
vertically on a capital letter.  Also replaces text figures with lining
figures, and accent marks with forms more appropriate for capitals.
Supported.
.TP 5
.IR cpsp ", Capital Spacing"
Adds a bit of space on either side of each capital letter.  Supported.
(However, the OpenType tag registry suggests that
.I cpsp
be on by default, but applying to all-caps text only; TeX cannot easily
implement that contextual intelligence.)
.TP 5
.IR cswh ", Contextual Swash"
Lets the user choose between context-appropriate swash forms for each
character.  For example, in the words "Ab AC", the first "A" might be
translated to a swash form, while the second might not.  There may be more
than one choice for a given letter, in which case the user should be able
to select among them.
.B Otftotfm
supports some fonts quite well.  The input encoding should have lots of
empty space for swash variants, and it should specify a boundary
character.  See also
.IR calt " and " swsh .
.TP 5
.IR dlig ", Discretionary Ligatures"
Activates uncommon ligatures, such as "c_t", "s_p", and "s_t".  Supported.
.TP 5
.IR dnom ", Denominators"
Replaces digits and some punctuation marks with smaller forms sitting on
the baseline, intended for fraction denominators.  Supported.
.TP 5
.IR fina ", Terminal Forms"
Substitutes appropriate forms for letters occurring at the ends of words.
This feature doesn't select swash variants; it's intended for normal use,
and the specification recommends that it be on by default.  Partially
supported: TeX will only treat spaces as the ends of words, where a correct
implementation would probably include punctuation too.  See
.IR cswh
for selecting swash variants active at the ends of words.
.TP 5
.IR frac ", Fractions"
Replaces simple sequences like "1/2" with nice-looking fractions.
Supported, but beware: many fonts will translate "11/32" into "1" + "1/3" +
"2".
.TP 5
.IR hist ", Historical Forms"
Replaces characters with historical variants.  Usually, this means at least
translating regular "s" to long "s".  Supported.
.TP 5
.IR kern ", Kerning"
Adjusts the space between characters (pair kerning).  Generally supported,
and you should probably turn it on.
.TP 5
.IR liga ", Standard Ligatures"
Activates common ligatures, such as "f_f", "f_i", "f_f_j", and (in some
Adobe fonts) "T_h".  Generally supported, and you should probably turn it
on.
.TP 5
.IR lnum ", Lining Figures"
Uses lining figures, the set of digits that are all about as high as
capital letters.
Supported.  Compare
.IR onum ;
see also
.IR pnum
and
.IR tnum.
.TP 5
.IR numr ", Numerators"
Replaces digits and some punctuation marks with smaller, raised forms
intended for fraction numerators.  Supported, but not usually useful.
.TP 5
.IR onum ", Oldstyle Figures"
Uses old-style figures, also known as text figures.  This is the set of
digits that have ascenders and descenders like lower-case letters.
Supported.  Compare
.IR lnum ;
see also
.IR pnum
and
.IR tnum .
.TP 5
.IR ordn ", Ordinals"
Designed for Spanish and French.  Replaces ordinal numbers, such as "2.o",
with forms where the "o" is raised, and replaces the sequence "No" with an
integrated glyph.  Supported.
.TP 5
.IR ornm ", Ornaments"
Replaces some alphabetic characters in the font with ornaments, and links
the bullet character to a set of all bullet-like ornaments, from which the
user can choose.  Partially supported: TeX can handle alphabetic
substitutions, but not bullet choice.
.TP 5
.IR pnum ", Proportional Figures"
Digits will have different widths.  Supported.  Compare
.IR tnum ;
see also
.IR lnum
and
.IR onum.
.TP 5
.IR salt ", Stylistic Alternates"
Lets the user choose between stylistic alternate forms for a character.
The
.BR \-\-altselector\-char
mechanism provides useful access to this feature.  If you turn on
.IR salt
globally, 
.B otftotfm
takes the first alternate form whenever there's more than one choice.  See
also
.IR aalt
and
.IR ss01 ;
.IR salt
is generally more useful than
.IR aalt
for TeX, since it refers exclusively to stylistic alternates.
.TP 5
.IR sinf ", Scientific Inferiors"
Replaces digits and some punctuation marks with smaller, lowered forms
intended for subscripts.  Supported.  Compare
.IR subs .
.TP 5
.IR size ", Optical Size"
This feature stores information about the range of optical sizes for which
the font was intended.  There is no point in selecting it with 
.BR otftotfm ,
since it should not change the font's appearance in any way.
.TP 5
.IR smcp ", Small Capitals"
Replaces lower-case letters with small capitals.  Supported.  Compare
.IR c2sc .
.TP 5
.IR ss01 - ss20 ", Stylistic Sets 1-20"
Replaces characters with a uniform set of stylistic alternates.  Differs
from features like
.I salt
in that a Stylistic Set is uniform: an
.I ssXX
feature should never involve selection from a set of possible alternate
characters.  Supported.
.TP 5
.IR subs ", Subscript"
Replaces characters with smaller, lowered forms intended for subscripts.
Supported.  Compare
.IR sinf ;
some fonts support
.I sinf
but not
.IR subs .
.TP 5
.IR sups ", Superscript"
Replaces digits, some punctuation marks, and some lower-case letters with
smaller, raised forms intended for superscripts.  Supported.
.TP 5
.IR swsh ", Swash"
Activates all swash forms for each character. There may be more than one
swash form, in which case 
.B otftotfm
will pick the first one listed.  Supported, except that swash variants
other than the first are inaccessible.  Note that some fonts with swash
variants support the
.I cswh
feature exclusively.
.TP 5
.IR tnum ", Tabular Figures"
All digits will have the same width, so that tables and the like will align
visually.  Supported.  Compare
.IR pnum ;
see also
.IR lnum
and
.IR onum.
.TP 5
.IR zero ", Slashed Zero"
Replaces the zero character with a slashed zero.  Supported.
.PD
'
.SH "DIAGNOSTICS AND TROUBLESHOOTING"
'
.TP 5
no writable directory found in $TEXMF
'
.B Otftotfm
could not find a writable directory in your $TEXMFVAR or $TEXMF path.  Did
you create a
.I $HOME/.texmf-var
or
.I $HOME/texmf
directory?  If so, run the command "kpsewhich \-\-expand\-path='$TEXMF'" to
verify that directory is not being found.  You may need to set your TEXMF
environment variable, to \&'{!!'"$HOME"'/texmf,!!$TEXMFMAIN}', for instance
(note the different kinds of quotes; on my machine, this expands to
\&'{!!/home/kohler/texmf,!!$TEXMFMAIN}').
'
.TP 5
\&'\fIchar\fR' has no encoding, ignoring kern removal
.PD 0
.TP 5
(or ligature removal, lig/kern removal, or ligature)
.PD
'
These messages indicate a slight problem with your encoding file: one of
the LIGKERN commands referred to a character not present in the encoding.
This might be due to a misspelling in the LIGKERN command or the encoding
file, or it might be an oversight.  Either fix the encoding file or ignore
the warning.
'
.TP 5
can't map \&'\fIchar\fR' to Unicode
'
Another encoding file problem: One of the glyph names in an UNICODING block
could not be converted to Unicode.  This is problematic since UNICODING
exists wholly to translate glyph names into Unicode.  Fix the encoding file
or ignore the warning.
'
.TP 5
not enough room in encoding, ignoring \fIN\fR glyph(s) ...
'
There wasn't space in the encoding for all the glyphs referred to by the
features you selected.  For example, maybe the font had more ligatures than
there were empty slots in the encoding.  Fix this warning by selecting fewer
features, or by using an encoding with more empty slots, such as the 7t.enc
encoding distributed with 
.BR otftotfm .
'
.SH "FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS"
.TP 5
How can I get a small-caps "SS" in place of the German sharp-S?
'
Supply the option \&'\fB\-\-unicoding\fR "germandbls =: SSsmall"'.
'
.TP 5
How can I prevent f-ligatures from forming in a small-caps font?  
'
This should happen automatically, but some overzealous encoding files add
f-ligatures even when the font doesn't request them.  Try the
"\fB\-\-no\-encoding\-commands\fR" option if this is a problem for you.
'
.TP 5
\fBOtftotfm\fR seems to take a long time.
'
Use the
.B \-V
option to see what it's doing.  Often the culprit is the
.M updmap 1
program; if you're planning to run
.B otftotfm
multiple times, give it the
.B \-\-no\-updmap
option and run
.B updmap
manually when you're done.
'
.TP 5
How can I refer to the different forms of phi?
'
\fBOtftotfm\fR follows TeX practice and widely-distributed TeX encoding
vectors, so "/phi" in an input encoding vector should map to a "straight"
phi and "/phi1" should map to a "loopy" phi.  Note that TeX practice
differs from the PostScript standard naming conventions, in which "/phi" is
"loopy" and "/phi1" is "straight"; this means that \fBotftotfm\fR may map
"/phi" in an input encoding vector to a font's "/phi1" glyph, and vice
versa.  Perhaps most unambiguously, you can use "/uni03D5" for the
"straight" form and "/uni03C6" for the "loopy" form.
'
.TP 5
How can I get lining figures (that is, normal line-height digits) with small caps ('\fB\-f\fRsmcp')?
'
Many fonts use old-style figures by default with small caps. Since the
default is not specified, it's wise to explicitly supply \&'\fB\-f\fRlnum' or
\&'\fB-f\fRonum'.

'
.SH "BUGS"
.\" .LP
.\" Presumably some context-sensitive positionings and ligatures could be
.\" implemented with TeX's boundary character, but 
.\" .B otftotfm
.\" doesn't do that yet.
.LP
See the documentation for 
.B \-\-pl
above if you have problems running
.BR otftotfm 's 
output through
.BR fontinst .
'
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.LP
.M pltotf 1 ,
.M tftopl 1 ,
.M vptovf 1 ,
.M afm2tfm 1 ,
.M dvips 1 ,
.M cfftot1 1 ,
.M otfinfo 1 ,
.M t1dotlessj 1 ,
.M t1testpage 1 ,
.M kpsewhich 1 ,
.M updmap 1
.LP
.I "Adobe Type 1 Font Format"
.LP
Adobe Technical Notes #5176,
.IR "The Compact Font Format Specification" ,
and #5177,
.I "The Type 2 Charstring Format"
.LP
.IR "OpenType Specification" ,
Version 1.4
.LP
.IR "A Directory Structure for TeX Files" ,
http://www.tug.org/tds/
.LP
.IR "Kpathsea: A library for path searching" ,
http://www.tug.org/kpathsea/
.LP
Sivan Toledo,
.IR "Exploiting Rich Fonts" ,
TUGboat 21(2), 2000,
http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb21-2/tb67tole.pdf
.LP
Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin,
.IR "The LaTeX Companion"
(for information on the .fd file format)
.LP
Adobe Systems, "Unicode and Glyph Names".  Refers to the glyphlist.txt file
used to translate glyph names to Unicode code points.
http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_glyph.html
'
.SH AUTHOR
Eddie Kohler (kohler@cs.ucla.edu)
.PP
Thanks to Karl Berry, Marco Kuhlmann, Adam Lindsay, Bruce D'Arcus, Thomas
Esser, Claire Connelly, Nelson H.F. Beebe, and Ryuji Suzuki for
suggestions, bug reports, and help.  Particular thanks to Achim Blumensath
and Michael Zedler for suggestions and patches, some of them extensive.