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%% This is part of OpTeX project, see http://petr.olsak.net/optex

\_codedecl \langlist {Initialization of hypenation patterns <2020-03-10>} % preloaded in format  

   \_doc -----------------------------
   The <iso-code> means a shortcut of language name (mostly by ISO 639-1).
   The following control sequences are used for language switching:
   \begitems
   * `\_lan:<number>` expands to `<iso-code>` of the language.
     The number is internal number of languages used as a value of
     `\language` register.
   * `\_ulan:<long-lang>` expands to `<iso-code>` too. This is transformation
     from long name of language (lowercase letters) to <iso-code>.
   * `\_<iso-code>Patt` (for example `\_csPatt`) is the language `<number>` declared by `\chardef`.
   * `\<iso-code>lang` 
     (for example \`\enlang`, \`\cslang`, \`\sklang`, \`\delang`, \`\pllang`) 
     is language selector.  It exists in two states
     \begitems
     * Initialization state: when `\<iso-code>lang` is used first then it
       must load the patterns into memory using Lua code. If it is done then 
       the `\<iso-code>lang` re-defines itself to processing state.
     * Processing state: it only sets `\language=\_<iso-code>Patt`, i.e it
       selects the hyphenation patterns. It does a little more
       language-dependent work, as mentioned below.
     \enditems
   * `\_langspecific:<isocode>` is processed by `\<iso-code>lang` and it
     should include language-specific macros declared by user or macro designer.
   \enditems
   The USenglish patters are preloaded first: 
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_chardef\_enPatt=0
\_def\_pattlist{\_enPatt=0}
\_def\_langlist{en(USenglish)}
\_sdef{_lan:0}{en}
\_sdef{_ulan:usenglish}{en}
\_def\_enlang{\_uselang{en}\_enPatt23} % \lefthyph=2 \righthyph=3
\_def\enlang{\_enlang}
\_sdef{_langspecific:en}{\_nonfrenchspacing}

\_lefthyphenmin=2 \_righthyphenmin=3 % disallow x- or -xx breaks
\_input hyphen  % en(USenglish) patterns from TeX82

   \_doc -----------------------------
   \`\_preplang` `<iso-code> <long-lang> <hyph-file-spec> <number> <pre-hyph><post-hyph>`
   prepares the\nl `\<iso-code>lang` to its initialization state. Roughly
   speaking, it does:
   \begtt \catcode`\<=13
   \chardef\_<iso-code>Patt = <number>
   \def\_lan:<number> {<iso-code>}
   \def\_ulan:<long-lang> {<iso-code>}
   \def\_<iso-code>lang {%
      \_loadpattrs <hyph-file-spec> <number> <long-lang> % loads patterns using Lua code
      \gdef\_<iso-code>lang {\_uselang{<iso-code>}\_<iso-code>Patt <pre-hyph><post-hyph>}
      \_<iso-code>lang                  % runs itself in processing state
   }
   \def\<iso-code>lang {\_<iso-code>lang} % public version \<iso-code>lang
   \endtt
   You can see that `\<iso-code>lang` runs \^`\_loadpattrs` and
   \^`\_uselang` first (in initialization state) and it runs 
   only \^`\_uselang` when it is called again (in processing state).
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_def\_preplang #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 {%
   \_ea\_chardef \_csname _#1Patt\_endcsname=#4
   \_sdef{_lan:#4}{#1}\_lowercase{\_sdef{_ulan:#2}}{#1}%
   \_def\_next{\_ea\_noexpand\_csname _#1lang\_endcsname}%
   \_ea\_edef \_csname _#1lang\_endcsname {%
      \_noexpand\_loadpattrs #3 #4 #2 % loads patterns
      \_gdef\_next{\_noexpand\_uselang{#1}\_csname _#1Patt\_endcsname #5}% re-defines itself
      \_next                                   %  runs itself in processing state
   }
   \_addto\_langlist{ #1(#2)}%
   \_sdef{#1lang\_ea}\_ea{\_csname _#1lang\_endcsname}% unprefixed \<isocode>lang
}

   \_doc -----------------------------
   \`\_loadpattrs` `<hyph-file-spec> <number> <long-lang>`
   loads hyphenation patterns and hyphenation exceptions for given language
   and registers them as `\language=<number>`.

   The <hyph-file-spec> is a part of full file name wich is read:
   `hyph-<hyph-file-spec>.tex`. The patterns and hyphenation exceptions
   are saved here in UTF-8 encoding.
   The <hyph-file-spec> should be a list of individual <hyph-file-spec>'s
   separated by comma, see the language Serbian below for example.
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_def\_loadpattrs#1 #2 #3 {%
   \_wlog{Loading hyphenation #3: (#1) \_string\language=#2}%
   \_begingroup\_setbox0=\_vbox{% we don't want spaces in horizontal mode
      \_language=#2\_def\\{#3}%
      \_let\patterns=\_patterns \_let\hyphenation=\_hyphenation \_def\message##1{}%
      \_loadpattrsA #1,,%
   }\_endgroup
}
\_def\_loadpattrsA #1,{\_ifx,#1,\_else
   \_isfile {hyph-#1}\_iftrue \_opinput{hyph-#1}%
   \_else \_opwarning{Hyph. patterns #1 for \\ not loaded, probably missing package}%
          \_def\_opwarning##1{}\_fi
   \_ea \_loadpattrsA \_fi
}

   \_doc -----------------------------
   \`\_uselang``{<iso-code>}\_<iso-code>Patt <pre-hyph><post-hyph>`\nl 
   sets `\language`, `\lefthyphenmin`, `\righthyphenmin` and runs
   `\frenchspacing`. This default language-dependent settings
   should be re-declared by `\_langspecific:<iso-code>` which is run
   finally (it is `\relax` by default, only `\_langspecific:en` runs
   \^`\nonfrenchspacing`).
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_def\_uselang#1#2#3#4{\_language=#2\_lefthyphenmin=#3\_righthyphenmin=#4\_relax
   \_frenchspacing  % \nonfrenchspacing can be set in \cs{_langspecific:lan}
   \_cs{_langspecific:#1}%
}
   \_doc -----------------------------
   The \`\uselanguage` `{<long-lang>}` is defined here 
   (for compatibility with e-plain users).
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_def\_uselanguage#1{\_lowercase{\_cs{_\_cs{_ulan:#1}lang}}}
\_public \uselanguage ; 

   \_doc -----------------------------
   The numbers for languages are declared as fixed constants (no
   auto-generated). This concept is inspired from CSplain. 
   There are typical numbers of languages in CSplain: 5=Czech in IL2,
   15=Czech in T1 and 115=Czech in Unicode. We keep these constants
   but we load only Unicode patterns (greater than 100), of course.
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_preplang enus  USenglishmax    en-us             100 23
\_preplang engb  UKenglish       en-gb             101 23
\_preplang it    Italian         it                102 22
\_preplang ia    Interlingua     ia                103 22
\_preplang id    Indonesian      id                104 22

\_preplang cs    Czech           cs                115 23
\_preplang sk    Slovak          sk                116 23
\_preplang de    nGerman         de-1996           121 22
\_preplang fr    French          fr                122 22
\_preplang pl    Polish          pl                123 22
\_preplang cy    Welsh           cy                124 23
\_preplang da    Danish          da                125 22
\_preplang es    Spanish         es                126 22
\_preplang sl    Slovenian       sl                128 22
\_preplang fi    Finnish         fi                129 22
\_preplang hu    Hungarian       hu                130 22
\_preplang tr    Turkish         tr                131 22
\_preplang et    Estonian        et                132 23
\_preplang eu    Basque          eu                133 22
\_preplang ga    Irish           ga                134 23
\_preplang nb    Bokmal          nb                135 22
\_preplang nn    Nynorsk         nn                136 22
\_preplang nl    Dutch           nl                137 22
\_preplang pt    Portuguese      pt                138 23
\_preplang ro    Romanian        ro                139 22
\_preplang hr    Croatian        hr                140 22
\_preplang zh    Pinyin          zh-latn-pinyin    141 11
\_preplang is    Icelandic       is                142 22
\_preplang hsb   Uppersorbian    hsb               143 22
\_preplang af    Afrikaans       af                144 12
\_preplang gl    Galician        gl                145 22
\_preplang kmr   Kurmanji        kmr               146 22
\_preplang tk    Turkmen         tk                147 22
\_preplang la    Latin           la                148 22
\_preplang lac   classicLatin    la-x-classic      149 22
\_preplang lal   liturgicalLatin la-x-liturgic     150 22
\_preplang elm   monoGreek       el-monoton        201 11
\_preplang elp   Greek           el-polyton        202 11
\_preplang grc   ancientGreek    grc               203 11
\_preplang ca    Catalan         ca                204 22
\_preplang cop   Coptic          cop               205 11
\_preplang mn    Mongolian       mn-cyrl           206 22
\_preplang sa    Sanskrit        sa                207 13
\_preplang ru    Russian         ru                208 22
\_preplang uk    Ukrainian       uk                209 22
\_preplang hy    Armenian        hy                210 12
\_preplang as    Assamese        as                211 11
\_preplang hi    Hindi           hi                212 11
\_preplang kn    Kannada         kn                213 11
\_preplang lv    Latvian         lv                215 22
\_preplang lt    Lithuanian      lt                216 22
\_preplang ml    Malayalam       ml                217 11
\_preplang mr    Marathi         mr                218 11
\_preplang or    Oriya           or                219 11
\_preplang pa    Panjabi         pa                220 11
\_preplang ta    Tamil           ta                221 11
\_preplang te    Telugu          te                222 11

\_preplang be    Belarusian      be                223 22
\_preplang bg    Bulgarian       bg                224 22
\_preplang bn    Bengali         bn                225 11
\_preplang cu    churchslavonic  cu                226 12
\_preplang deo   oldGerman       de-1901           227 22
\_preplang gsw   swissGerman     de-ch-1901        228 22
\_preplang eo    Esperanto       eo                229 22
\_preplang fur   Friulan         fur               230 22
\_preplang gu    Gujarati        gu                231 11
\_preplang ka    Georgian        ka                232 12
\_preplang mk    Macedonian      mk                233 22
\_preplang oc    Occitan         oc                234 22
\_preplang pi    Pali            pi                235 12
\_preplang pms   Piedmontese     pms               236 22
\_preplang rm    Romansh         rm                237 22
\_preplang sr    Serbian         sh-cyrl,sh-latn   238 22
\_preplang sv    Swedish         sv                239 22
\_preplang th    Thai            th                240 23
\_preplang ethi  Ethiopic        mul-ethi          241 11

   \_doc -----------------------------
   The \`\langlist` includes names of all languages which are ready to load
   and use their hyphenation patterns. This list is printed to terminal and
   to log at ini\TeX/ state here. It can be used when processing document too.
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_message{Language hyph.patterns ready to load: \_langlist.
   Use \_string\<shortname>lang to initialize language,
   \_string\cslang\_space for example}

\_public \langlist ;

\_endcode % ---------------------------------------------


Maybe, you need to do more language specific actions than just switching
hyphenation patterns. For example you need to load a specific font with a
specific script used in selected language, you can define a macros for
quotation marks depending on the language etc.

The example shows how to declare such language specific things.

\begtt
\def\langset #1 #2{\sdef{_langspecific:#1}{#2}}

\langset fr {... declare French quotation marks}
\langset de {... declare German quotation marks}
\langset gr {... switch to Greek fonts family}
... etc. 
\endtt

Note that you need not to set language specific phrases (like `\today`) 
by this code. Another concept is used for such tasks. See the 
section~\ref[langphrases] for more details.