path: root/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/titling/titling.dtx

% \iffalse meta-comment
% titling.dtx
% Author: Peter Wilson (Herries Press)
% Maintainer: Will Robertson (will dot robertson at latex-project dot org)
% Copyright 2000--2004 Peter R. Wilson
%
% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either
% version 1.3c of this license or (at your option) any
% later version: <http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt>
%
% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
% The Current Maintainer of this work is Will Robertson.
%
% This work consists of the files listed in the README file.
%
%
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%
% \changes{v1.0}{2000/06/11}{First public release}
% \changes{v2.0}{2001/02/24}{Added controls for thanks marks}
% \changes{v2.1}{2001/03/23}{Further controls for thanks note layout}
% \changes{v2.1}{2001/03/23}{Added extra hooks into \cs{maketitle}}
% \changes{v2.1a}{2002/02/19}{Added quote from Jason}
% \changes{v2.1b}{2004/05/10}{Changed license from LPPL v.10 to v1.3}
% \changes{v2.1c}{2004/09/26}{Deleted mention of unimplemented command}
% \changes{v2.1d}{2009/09/04}{New maintainer (Will Robertson)}
%
% \def\dtxfile{titling.dtx}
% ^^A \def\fileversion{v0.3}
% ^^A \def\filedate{2000/05/20}
% ^^A \def\fileversion{v1.0}
% ^^A \def\filedate{2000/06/11}
% ^^A \def\fileversion{v2.0}
% ^^A \def\filedate{2001/02/24}
% ^^A \def\fileversion{v2.1}
% ^^A \def\filedate{2001/03/23}
% \def\fileversion{v2.1a}
% \def\filedate{2002/02/19}
% \def\fileversion{v2.1b}
% \def\filedate{2004/05/10}
% \def\fileversion{v2.1c}
% \def\filedate{2004/09/26}
% \def\fileversion{v2.1d}
% \def\filedate{2009/09/04}
% \newcommand*{\Lpack}[1]{\textsf {#1}}           ^^A typeset a package
% \newcommand*{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf {#1}}            ^^A typeset an option
% \newcommand*{\file}[1]{\texttt {#1}}            ^^A typeset a file
% \newcommand*{\Lcount}[1]{\textsl {\small#1}}    ^^A typeset a counter
% \newcommand*{\pstyle}[1]{\textsl {#1}}          ^^A typeset a pagestyle
% \newcommand*{\Lenv}[1]{\texttt {#1}}            ^^A typeset an environment
%
% \title{The \Lpack{titling} package\thanks{This
%        file (\texttt{\dtxfile}) has version number \fileversion, last revised
%        \filedate.}}
%
% \author{
%   Author: Peter Wilson, Herries Press\\
%   Maintainer: Will Robertson\\
%   \texttt{will dot robertson at latex-project dot org}
% }
% \date{\filedate}
% \maketitle
% \begin{abstract}
%    The \Lpack{titling} package provides control over the typesetting
% of the |\maketitle| and |\thanks| commands. 
% The values of |\title|, |\author| and
% |\date| are also retained, and there may be mutiple titles in a document.
% New titling elements may be defined for printing by |\maketitle|.
% \end{abstract}
% \tableofcontents
%
% 
%
% \section{Introduction}
%
% The format for typesetting the |\maketitle| command is fixed in the
% standard \LaTeX{} classes. The \Lpack{titling} package provides some
% controls for modifying the appearance of the titling information presented
% via |\maketitle|.
%
% This manual is typeset according to the conventions of the
% \LaTeX{} \textsc{docstrip} utility which enables the automatic
% extraction of the \LaTeX{} macro source files~\cite{GOOSSENS94}.
%
%    Section~\ref{sec:usc} describes the usage of the \Lpack{titling} 
% package and 
% commented source code is in Section~\ref{sec:code}.
%
% \section{The \Lpack{titling} package} \label{sec:usc}
%
%    The typeset format of the |\maketitle| command is virtually fixed
% within the \LaTeX{} standard classes. The \Lpack{titling} package
% provides a set of formatting commands that can be used to modify
% the appearance of the titling information; that is, the contents of
% the |\title|, |\author| and |date| commands. It also keeps the values
% of these commands so that they may be printed again later in the
% document.
%
%    The package inhibits the normal automatic cancellation of titling
% commands after |\maketitle|. This means that you can have multiple
% instances of the same, or perhaps different, titles in one document.
% Hooks are provided so that additional titling elements can be defined
% and printed by |\maketitle|.
%
%   The |\thanks| command is enhanced to provide various configurations
% for both the marker symbol and the layout of the thanks notes.
%
%
%
% \subsection{Commands and environments}
%
% \subsubsection{Restyling the titling}
%
% The \Lpack{titling} package provides a configurable |\maketitle| command.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\pretitle}
% \DescribeMacro{\posttitle}
% \DescribeMacro{\preauthor}
% \DescribeMacro{\postauthor}
% \DescribeMacro{\predate}
% \DescribeMacro{\postdate}
% These six commands each have a single argument, 
% like |\pretitle{|\meta{text}|}|and |\posttitle{|\meta{text}|}|.
%  The argument to these commands control the typesetting of the 
% standard elements of the document's |\maketitle|
% command. The |\title| is effectively processed between the |\pretitle| and
% |\posttitle| commands; that is, like: \\
% |{\pretitle \title \posttitle}| \\
% and similarly for the |\author| and |\date| commands. The 
% commands are initialised to mimic the normal result of |\maketitle|
% typesetting in the \Lpack{article/report} classes. 
% For example, the default definitions of the |\...title...|
% and |\...author...| commands are:
% \par\begin{small}\begin{verbatim}
% \pretitle{\begin{center}\LARGE}
% \posttitle{\par\end{center}\vskip 0.5em}
% \preauthor{\begin{center}
%            \large \lineskip 0.5em%
%            \begin{tabular}[t]{c}}
% \postauthor{\end{tabular}\par\end{center}}
% \predate{\begin{center}\large}
% \postdate{\par\end{center}}
% \end{verbatim}
% \end{small}\par
% They can be changed to obtain different effects. For example to get
% a right justified sans-serif title and a left justifed small caps
% date:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \pretitle{\begin{flushright}\LARGE\sffamily}
% \posttitle{\par\end{flushright}\vskip 0.5em}
% \predate{\begin{flushleft}\large\scshape}
% \postdate{\par\end{flushleft}}
% \end{verbatim}
% \textbf{NOTE:} The above commands differ from the similar ones in version~1.0
% of this package. So, if you have upgraded from v1.0 to v2.0, beware.
%
%      As another example, the following (slightly edited)
% was sent to me by Jason Harrison
% (\texttt{harrison@cs.ubc.ca}) on 2002/02/18.
% \begin{quotation}
% I'm trying to format my latest conference paper for a conference that 
% doesn't supply a latex class (only a MSWord example, sigh) and I ran 
% into a problem that I'm not sure if it's an interaction of the titling 
% package [it's not] or just no one ever cares because hitting return gets you an 
% output when latex complains:
% \begin{verbatim}
% ! Argument of \reserved@a has an extra }.
% <inserted text>
%                  \par
% l.46         \end{tabular}}
% ? x
% \end{verbatim}
% What I did was to define my 
% authors list using the following methodology:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \preauthor{}
% \DeclareRobustCommand{\authorthing}{
% \begin{center}
% \begin{tabular}{ccc}
%   Jason Harrison & Kellogg S. Booth & Brian D. Fisher \\
%   \multicolumn{3}{c}{Department of Computer Science} \\
%   \multicolumn{3}{c}{and} \\
%   \multicolumn{3}{c}{Media and Graphics Interdisciplinary Centre}\\
%   \multicolumn{3}{c}{University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada}
%          \end{tabular}
% \end{center}}
% \author{\authorthing}
% \postauthor{}
% \end{verbatim}
% 
% Thus latex does not complain and I get the formatting I want.  Perhaps 
% you'd add this to the titling documentation for those of us who can't 
% follow the usual conventions because of the strange conventions of a 
% strange conference.
% \end{quotation}
%
%    Changing the above example a little, when authors are from different
% organisations you may be required to flag these. This is one way of doing
% that.
% \begin{verbatim}
% \preauthor{\large}
% \DeclareRobustCommand{\authoring}{
%   \begin{center}
%     Smith\textsuperscript{\dag} and Wesson\textsuperscript{\#} \\
%     \textsuperscript{\dag}House, \textsuperscript{\#}Barn      \\
%     The OK Corral
%   \end{center}}
% \author{\authoring}
% \postauthor{\par}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%
% \DescribeMacro{\droptitle}
%  The |\maketitle| command puts the title at a particular height on the 
% page. Unless it is used with the \Lopt{titlepage} option of the standard
% classes it starts a new page.
%  You can change the vertical position of the title via the length
% |\droptitle|. Giving this a positive value will lower the title and a
% negative value will raise it. The default definition is: \\
% |\setlength{\droptitle}{0pt}|.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\maketitlehooka}
% \DescribeMacro{\maketitlehookb}
% \DescribeMacro{\maketitlehookc}
% \DescribeMacro{\maketitlehookd}
% The |\maketitle| command as defined by the \Lpack{titling} package 
% is essentially
% \begin{verbatim}
% \renewcommand{\maketitle}{%
%    \vspace*{\droptitle}
%    \maketitlehooka
%    {\pretitle \title \posttitle}
%    \maketitlehookb
%    {\preauthor \author \postauthor}
%    \maketitlehookc
%    {\predate \date \postdate}
%    \maketitlehookd
% }
% \end{verbatim}
%  The four hook commands are provided so that additional elements may
% be added to |\maketitle|. These are initially defined to do nothing
% but can be renewed. For example, some publications
% want a statement about where an article is published immediately
% before the actual titling text. The following defines a command
% |\published| that can be used to hold the publishing information
% which will then be automatically printed by |\maketitle|.
% \begin{verbatim}
% \newcommand{\published}[1]{%
%    \gdef\puB{#1}}
% \newcommand{\puB}{}
% \renewcommand{\maketitlehooka}{%
%    \par\noindent \puB}
% \end{verbatim}
% You can then say:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \published{Originally published in 
%           \textit{The Journal of ...}\thanks{Reprinted with permission}}
% ...
% \maketitle
% \end{verbatim}
% to print both the published and the normal titling information. Note
% that nothing extra had to be done in order to use the |\thanks| command
% in the argument to the new |\published| command.
%
% 
%
% \DescribeEnv{titlingpage}
%    When one of the standard classes is used with the \Lopt{titlepage}
% option, |\maketitle| puts the title elements on an unnumbered page
% and then starts a new page numbered page 1. 
% The standard classes also provide
% a |titlepage| environment which starts a new unnumbered page and at the
% end starts a new page numbered 1. You are entirely responsible
% for specify exactly what and where is to go on this title page.
% Do not use |\maketitle| within the |titlepage| environment as it
% will start yet another page.
%
%    The |titlingpage| environment falls between the \Lopt{titlepage}
% option and the |titlepage| environment. Within the |titlingpage|
% environment you can use the |\maketitle| command, and any others you wish.
% The pagestyle is |empty|;
% ^^A given by the value of the |\titlingpagestyle| command;
% at the end it starts another ordinary page numbered page 1. 
%
% ^^A \DescribeMacro{\titlingpagestyle}
% ^^A The macro |\titlingpagestyle{|\meta{pstyle}|}| sets the page style 
% ^^A in the |titlingpage| environment to be \meta{pstyle}. This is
% ^^A initially set as |\titlingpagestyle{empty}|.
%
%    For example, to put both the title and an abstract on a title page
% ^^A with a |plain| pagestyle:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \begin{document}
% \begin{titlingpage}
% \setlength{\droptitle}{30pt} % lower the title
% \maketitle
% \begin{abstract}...\end{abstract}
% \end{titlingpage}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%    By default, titling information is centered with respect to the
% width of the text block.
%    Occasionally someone asks on the \texttt{comp.text.tex} newsgroup how
% to center the titling information on a title page 
% with respect to the width of the physical 
% page. If the textblock is centered with respect to the physical page,
% then the default centering suffices. If the textblock is not physically
% centered, then the titling information either has to be shifted 
% horizontally or |\maketitle| has to be made to think that the textblock
% has been shifted horizontally. 
%
%    One solution is to use the |titlingpage|
% environment and the \Lopt{chngpage} package\footnote{Available
% from CTAN as file \texttt{chngpage.sty}.}, which lets
% you temporarily adjust the location of the textblock. Remember that
% TeX starts its page measurements at a distance of 1 inch + |\hoffset| 
% (default 0pt)
% in from the left side of the
% physical sheet; this is the zero point for the |\evensidemargin| and
% the |\oddsidemargin|. Let $H$ be the value of (1 inch + |\hoffset|), 
% $M$ be the |\...sidemargin|, $T$ be the
% |\textwidth| and $P$ be the width of the physical page, 
% and let $X$ be the distance between the righthand edge of the
% text block and the right side of the physical sheet. Then
% \[ H + M + T + X = P \]
% and the textblock is $H+M$ in from the left side of the page. For
% the textblock to be centered on the physical page, we must have
% \(X = H+M\). If the textblock is not physically centered, then
% the margin value, $M$ can be adjusted to made it so. Let $d$ be the
% amount to be added to $M$ to center the textblock. Some simple algebra
% leads to
% \[ d = (P - T)/2 - M - H \]
% as the amount to be added to the |\...sidemargin| to center the textblock.
% For example,
% assume that the |\textwidth| is 5 inches, the |\...sidemargin|s are
% both 2 inches, and |\hoffset| is zero (i.e., $H$ is 1 inch). 
% Then to center the textblock, 
% 1.25 inches must be 
% subtracted from the margin if it is printed on US letterpaper,
% where the paper width is 8.5 inches. A different adjustment would
% be required 
% if A4 paper was used instead. See the \Lopt{chngpage} documentation for
% details, but a physically centred title can now be achieved by
% \begin{verbatim}
% \usepackage{chngpage}
% ...
% \begin{titlingpage}
%    \chngtext{}{}{-1.25in}{-1.25in}{}
%    \maketitle
% \end{titlingpage}
% \end{verbatim}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\calccentering}
%  If you don't want to do the above calculations by hand, 
% |\calccentering{|\meta{length}|}{|\meta{margin}|}| will do it for you. 
% The \meta{length}
% argument must be the name of a pre-existing length command, 
% including the backslash, and the \meta{margin} is the value of the
% appropriate |\evensidemargin| or |\oddsidemargin|. After calling
% |\calccentering|, \meta{length} is the amount to be added to the
% margin to center the textblock.
% An example usage is
% \begin{verbatim}
% \begin{titlingpage}
%    \newlength{\addtoeven}
%    \newlength{\addtoodd}
%    \calccentering{\addtoeven}{\evensidemargin}
%    \calccentering{\addtoodd}{\oddsidemargin}
%    \chngtext{}{}{\addtoeven}{\addtoodd}{}
%    ....
% \end{titlingpage}
% \end{verbatim}
% The |\calccentering| macro requires the length |\paperwidth| to be
% set to the physical width of the paper you will be printing on. 
% If your paper matches the paper size option in for the document class
% then this is done for you.
%
%    You do not necessarily have to define a new length for the purposes
% of |\calccentering|. Any existing length will do, such as
% |\unitlength|, provided it will be otherwise unused between performing
% the calculation and changing the margins (and that you can, if necessary
% reset it to its original value --- the default value for |\unitlength|
% is 1pt). There are also some lengths provided by the package that you
% may consider using, such as |\droptitle|, |\thanksmarkwidth| or
% |\thanksmargin|.
%
%
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thetitle}
% \DescribeMacro{\theauthor}
% \DescribeMacro{\thedate}
%    In the usual document classes, the |\title|, |\author| and |\date|
% macros used for |\maketitle| are unavailable once |\maketitle| has been
% issued. The package provides the |\thetitle|,
% |\theauthor| and |\thedate| commands that can be used for printing
% these elements of the title later in the document, 
% if desired. 
%
%    The \Lpack{titling} package prevents the standard classes' habit
% of automatically killing the titling
% commands after |\maketitle| has been issued. You can have multiple
% |\title|, |\author|, |\date| and |\maketitle| commands in your
% document if you wish. For example, some reports are issued with
% a title page, followed by an executive summary, and then they
% have another, possibly modified, title at the start of
% the main body of the report. This can be accomplished like this:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \title{Cover title}
% ...
% \begin{titlingpage}
% \maketitle
% \end{titlingpage}
% ...
% \title{Body title}
% \maketitle
% ...
% \end{verbatim}
%
% \DescribeMacro{\killtitle}
% \DescribeMacro{\keepthetitle}
% \DescribeMacro{\emptythanks}
%     The |\killtitle| macro makes all aspects of titling, including
% |\thetitle| etc,
% unavailable from the point that it is issued (using this command will save
% some macro space if the |\thetitle|, etc., commands are not required).
% Using this command is the \Lpack{titling} package's manual version
% of the automatic killing performed by the standard classes.
% The |\keepthetitle| command performs a similar function, except that
% it keeps the |\thetitle|, |\theauthor| and |\thedate| commands, while 
% killing everything else.
% The |\emptythanks| command discards any text from prior use of |\thanks|.
% This command is useful when |\maketitle| is used multiple times ---
% the |\thanks| commands in each use just stack up the texts for output
% at each use, so each subsequent use of |\maketitle| will output all 
% previous |\thanks| texts together with any new ones. To avoid this,
% put |\emptythanks| before each |\maketitle| after the first.
%
%
%
% \subsubsection{Restyling the thanks}
%
% The \Lpack{titling} package provides a configurable |\thanks| command.
% As a side effect of modifications to the |\thanks| command, the thanks
% text can be one or more paragraphs, unlike the standard |\thanks|
% text which is restricted to a single paragraph.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thanksmarkseries}
% \DescribeMacro{\symbolthanksmark}
%  In the standard classes, |\thanks{}| are marked with symbols in the 
% titling and footnotes unless on a titlepage where they are marked with
% numbers. The command |\thanksmarkseries{|\meta{format}|}| command
% can be used to change the marking style. The \meta{format} argument
% is the name of one of the formats for printing a counter. The name 
% is the same as that of a counter format but without the backslash.
% The default matches the standard class defaults. To have the 
% titlepage marks as symbols instead of numerals do:\\
% |\thanksmarkseries{fnsymbol}| \\
% or to use lowercase letters do: \\
% |\thanksmarkseries{alph}| \\
% Just for convenience the |\symbolthanksmark| command sets the series
% to be footnote symbols (so you don't have to use the first example above).
% Using the standard classes the potential names for \meta{format} are:
% |arabic|, |roman|, |Roman|, |alph|, |Alph|, and |fnsymbol|. Other classes
% or packages may provide more or fewer names.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\continuousmarks}
% The |\thanks| command uses the footnote counter, and normally the counter
% is zeroed after the titling so that the footnote marks start from 1.
% If the counter should not be zeroed, then just specify |\continuousmarks|.
% This might be required if numerals are used as the thanks markers.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thanksheadextra}
% \DescribeMacro{\thanksfootextra}
% The |\thanksheadextra{|\meta{pre}|}{|\meta{post}|}| command will insert
% \meta{pre} and \meta{post} before and after the thanks markers in the
% titling block. 
%
%     Similarly |\thanksfootextra{|\meta{pre}|}{|\meta{post}|}|
% inserts \meta{pre} and \meta{post} before and after the thanks markers
% in the footnotes. 
%
%    By default \meta{pre} and \meta{post} are empty in
% both cases. For example, to put parentheses round the titling markers
% and to have a full stop (a period) after the footnote markers do: \\
% |\thanksheadextra{(}{)}| and \\
% |\thanksfootextra{}{.}|
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thanksmark}
% It is sometimes desireable to have the same thanks text be applied to,
% say, four out of six authors, these being the first 3 and the last one.
% The command |\thanksmark{|\meta{n}|}| is similar to 
% |\footnotemark[|\meta{n}|]| in that it prints a thanks mark identical
% to that of the \meta{n}'th |\thanks| command. No changes are made
% to any thanks in the footnotes.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thanksgap}
% The marks in the titling block printed by the |\thanks| and |\thanksmark|
% commands take zero space. This is acceptable if they come at the end of
% a line, but not in the middle of a line. Use the 
% |\thanksgap{|\meta{length}|}| command immediately after a mid-line
% |\thanks| or |\thanksmark| command to add \meta{length} amount of
% space before the next word. For example, if there are three authors
% from two different institutions: \\
% |\author{Alpha\thanks{ABC},| \\
% |        Omega\thanks{XYZ}\thanksgap{1ex} and | \\
% |        Beta\thanksmark{1}} |
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thanksmarkwidth}
%  The thanks mark in the footnote is typeset right justified in a box
% of width |\thanksmarkwidth|. The first line of the thanks text starts
% after this box. The initialisation is |\setlength{\thanksmarkwidth}{1.8em}|
% giving the default position.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thanksmargin}
% The value of the length |\thanksmargin| controls the indentation the
% second and subsequent lines of the thanks text, with respect to
% the end of the mark box. As examples: \\
% |\setlength{\thanksmargin}{0em}| will align the left hand ends of
% of a multiline thanks text, while: \\
% |\setlength{\thanksmargin}{-\thanksmarkwidth}| will left justify
% any second and subsequent lines of the thanks text. This last
% setting is the initialised value, giving the default appearance.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thanksfootmark}
%     A thanks mark in the footnote region is typeset by |\thanksfootmark|.
% The code for this is roughly:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \newcommand{\thanksfootmark}{%
%   \hbox to\thanksmarkwidth{\hfil\normalfont%
%      \thanksscript{\thanksfootpre \thefootnote \thanksfootpost}}}
% \end{verbatim}
% where |\thanksfootpre| and |\thanksfootpost| are specified via the
% |\thanksfootextra| macro. You should not need to change the definition
% of |\thanksfootmark| 
% but you may want to change the default definitions of one or more
% of the macros it uses.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thanksscript}
% Note that the thanks mark, together with the |\...pre| and |\...post|
% commands form the argument to the |\thanksscript| command. This
% is initially defined as: \\
% |\newcommand{\thanksscript}[1]{\textsuperscript{#1}}| \\
% so that |\thanksscript| typesets its argument as a superscript, which
% is the default for thanks notes. If you would prefer the mark to be
% set at the baseline instead, for example, just do: \\
% |\renewcommand{\thanksscript}[1]{#1}|, and if you also wanted very
% small symbols on the baseline you could do: \\
% |\renewcommand{\thanksscript}[1]{\tiny #1}|. Alternatively \\
% |\renewcommand{\thanksscript}[1]{#1}| \\
% |\thanksfootextra{\bfseries}{.}| \\
% will give a bold baseline mark followed by a dot.
%
%    Using combinations of |\thanksscript|, |\thanksmargin|, 
% |\thanksmarkwidth| and |\thanksfootextra| you can easily define
% different layouts for the thanks footnotes. Here are some
% sample combinations, but to shorten them I have ignored any
% |\renewcommand|s and |\setlength|s, leaving these to be implied
% as necessary.
% \begin{itemize}
% \item Setting |\thanksfootextra{}{\hfill}| left justifies the mark
%     in its box:
%    \begin{itemize}
%    \item |\thanksscript{\llap{#1\space}}|, |\thanksmarkwidth{0em}| and \\
%          |\thanksmargin{0em}| puts the baseline mark in the margin
%          and the text left justified.
%    \item Using |\thanksscript{#1}|, |\thanksmarkwidth{1em}| and \\
%          |\thanksmargin{-\thanksmarkwidth}| makes the baseline mark 
%          and text left adjusted.
%    \item |\thanksscript{#1}|, |\thanksmarkwidth{1em}| and
%          |\thanksmargin{0em}| puts the baseline mark left adjusted
%          and the text indented and aligned, like this marked
%          sentence is typeset.
%    \end{itemize}
%
% \item Setting |\thanksfootextra{ }| and |\thanksscript{#1}| 
%       right justifies the baseline mark and a space in the mark box:
%    \begin{itemize}
%    \item The normal style is
%          defined by |\thanksmarkwidth{1.8em}| and \\
%          |\thanksmargin{-\thanksmarkwidth}| which put the mark 
%          indented and the text left adjusted, like a normal indented
%          paragraph.
%    \item |\thanksmarkwidth{1.8em}| and
%          |\thanksmargin{0em}| put the mark indented 
%          and the text indented and aligned.
%    \end{itemize}
%
% \end{itemize}
% 
% \DescribeMacro{\makethanksmark}
% \DescribeMacro{\makethanksmarkhook}
% The macro |\makethanksmark| typesets both the thanks marker (via
% |\thanksfootmark|) and the thanks text. You probably will not need
% to change its default definition. Just in case, though, |\makethanksmark|
% calls the macro |\makethanksmarkhook| before it does any typesetting.
% The default definition of this is: \\
% |\newcommand{\makethanksmarkhook}{}|, which does nothing.
% 
%    You can redefine |\makethanksmarkhook| to do something useful. For
% example, if you wanted a slightly bigger baseline skip you could do: \\
% |\renewcommand{\makethanksmarkhook}{\fontsize{8}{11}\selectfont}| \\
% where the numbers |8| and |11| specify the point size of the font 
% and the baseline skip
% respectively. In this example 8pt is the normal |\footnotesize| in
% a 10pt document, and 11pt is the baselineskip for |\footnotesize|
% text in an 11pt document (the baseline skip is 9.5pt in a 10pt document); 
% adjust these numbers to suit.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\thanksrule}
% \DescribeMacro{\usethanksrule}
% \DescribeMacro{\cancelthanksrule}
% By default, there is no rule above |\thanks|
% text that appears in a |titlingpage| environment.
% If you want a rule in that environment, put |\usethanksrule| 
% before the |\maketitle| command, which will then print a rule according
% to the current definition of |\thanksrule|.
% |\thanksrule| is initialised to be a copy of |\footnoterule| as it 
% is defined at the
% end of the preamble. The definition of |\thanksrule| can be changed
% after |\begin{document}|. If the definition of |\thanksrule| is modified
% and a |\usethanksrule| command has been issued, then the redefined
% rule may also be used for footnotes. Issuing the command 
% |\cancelthanksrule| will cause the normal |\footnoterule| definition
% to be used from thereon; another |\usethanksrule| 
% command can be issued later
% if you want to swap back again.
%
% The parameters for the vertical positioning of footnotes and thanks notes,
% and the default |\footnoterule| are described below. You may need to
% change one or more of these if the vertical spacings of footnotes
% and thanks notes are meant to be different.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\footnotesep}
% \DescribeMacro{\skip\footins}
% The length |\footnotesep| controls the vertical spacing between footnotes
% (and thanks notes),
% and is initialised by the class to give no extra spacing for a
% |\footnotesize| font. You can change the spacing by \\
% |\addtolength{\footnotesep}{...}| \\
% The length |\skip\footins| defines the vertical spacing between the
% bottom of the main text and the top of the first line of the first
% footnote. Likewise this can be changed by \\
% |\addtolength{\skip\footins}{...}| \\
% The total vertical distance between the bottom of the main text and
% the baseline of the first line of the first footnote is
% |\footnotesep + \skip\footins|.
% 
%
% \DescribeMacro{\footnoterule}
%  The |\footnoterule| command is defined in the LaTeX kernel and
% redefined in the standard classes. An `@less' definition, which is slightly
% less efficient than that in the classes, is:
% \begin{verbatim}
% \renewcommand{\footnoterule}{%
%    \kern -3pt  % call this kerna
%    \hrule height 0.4pt width 0.4\columnwidth
%    \kern 2.6pt % call this kernb
% }
% \end{verbatim}
% This produces a horizontal rule from the left margin to 40\% of the
% |\columnwidth| with thickness 0.4pt. The rule must not take up any
% vertical space, which means that |kerna + kernb| must equal the thickness
% of the rule. The rule is located a distance |\skip\footins + kerna|
% below the bottom of the main text. So, to move the rule upwards, decrease
% the value of |kerna| and increase that of |kernb|, and the reverse to
% move the rule downwards.
%
% 
%
% \DescribeMacro{\appendiargdef}
%  This is only noted here as someone may find it useful
% in another context. Get the \Lpack{patchcmd} 
% package~\cite{PATCHCMD} if you need
% to make other additions to definitions.
% The internal command |\appendiargdef{|\meta{macro}|}{|\meta{stuff}|}|
% appends \meta{stuff} at the end of the current definition of \meta{macro},
% where \meta{macro} is the name of a macro (including the backslash) which 
% takes a single argument. For example the following are two equivalent
% definitions of |\mymacro|:
% \par\begin{small}\begin{verbatim}
% \newcommand{\mymacro}[1]{#1 is a violinist}
% \appendiargdef{\mymacro}{ in spite of being tone deaf}
% % or
% \newcommand{\mymacro}[1]{# is a violinist in spite of being tone deaf}
% \end{verbatim}
% \end{small}\par
%
%    The usual advice about creating a one-column |abstract| in a two-column
% document is to write code like this:
% \par\begin{small}\begin{verbatim}
% \documentclass[twocolumn...]{...}
% ...
% \twocolumn[
%    \begin{@twocolumnfalse}
%      \maketitle               % need full-width title
%      \begin{abstract}
%         abstract text...
%      \end{abstract}
%    \end{@twocolumnfalse}
% ]
% ... hand make footnotes for any \thanks commands
% ...
% \end{verbatim}
% \end{small}\par
% The \Lpack{titling} package gives no assistance for doing this, but the
% \Lpack{abstract} package~\cite{ABSTRACT} provides a command that caters for the somewhat 
% non-intuitive 
% \texttt{... hand make footnotes ...} aspect.
%
%
% \StopEventually{
% \bibliographystyle{alpha}
% \begin{thebibliography}{GMS94}
%
% \bibitem[Dow00]{PATCHCMD}
% Michael J.~Downes.
% \newblock \emph{{The patchcmd package}}.
% \newblock July, 2000.
% \newblock (Available from CTAN in subdirectory \texttt{/patchcmd})
%
% \bibitem[GMS94]{GOOSSENS94}
% Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin.
% \newblock \emph{{The LaTeX Companion}}.
% \newblock Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.
%
% \bibitem[Wil01]{ABSTRACT}
% Peter Wilson.
% \newblock \emph{{The abstract package}}.
% \newblock February, 2001.
% \newblock (Available from CTAN in subdirectory \texttt{/abstract})
%
% \end{thebibliography}
% }
%
%
% 
% \section{The package code} \label{sec:code}
%
%    To try and avoid name clashes, all the internal commands include
% the string |@bs| (this code was initially part of the \Lpack{abstract}
% package).
%
% \subsection{Preliminaries}
%
%    Announce the name and version of the package, which requires
% \LaTeXe.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*usc>
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{titling}[2009/09/04 v2.1d maketitle typesetting]

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% The original code for
% |\maketitle| is shown in Section~\ref{sec:app}.
%    Changes to |\maketitle| and friends are defined here.
%
% \begin{macro}{\pretitle}
% \begin{macro}{\@bspretitle}
% \begin{macro}{\posttitle}
% \begin{macro}{\@bsposttitle}
% \begin{macro}{\preauthor}
% \begin{macro}{\@bspreauthor}
% \begin{macro}{\postauthor}
% \begin{macro}{\@bspostauthor}
% \begin{macro}{\predate}
% \begin{macro}{\@bspredate}
% \begin{macro}{\postdate}
% \begin{macro}{\@bspostdate}
%    To provide some flexibilty in the titling style of the document,
% user level commands are provided that can be changed to reconfigure
% the appearance resulting from |\maketitle|. 
% \changes{v2.0}{2001/02/24}{Revised and replaced the title configuration commands}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\pretitle}[1]{\def\@bspretitle{#1}}
\newcommand{\posttitle}[1]{\def\@bsposttitle{#1}}
\newcommand{\preauthor}[1]{\def\@bspreauthor{#1}}
\newcommand{\postauthor}[1]{\def\@bspostauthor{#1}}
\newcommand{\predate}[1]{\def\@bspredate{#1}}
\newcommand{\postdate}[1]{\def\@bspostdate{#1}}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% These are defined initially
% to mimic the normal \LaTeX{} style.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\if@titlepage
  \pretitle{\begin{center}\LARGE}
  \posttitle{\par\end{center}\vskip 2em}
  \preauthor{\begin{center}
    \large \lineskip .75em%
    \begin{tabular}[t]{c}}
  \postauthor{\end{tabular}\par\end{center}}
  \predate{\begin{center}\large}
  \postdate{\par\end{center}}
\else
  \pretitle{\begin{center}\LARGE}
  \posttitle{\par\end{center}\vskip 0.5em}
  \preauthor{\begin{center}
    \large \lineskip .5em%
    \begin{tabular}[t]{c}}
  \postauthor{\end{tabular}\par\end{center}}
  \predate{\begin{center}\large}
  \postdate{\par\end{center}}
\fi

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\maketitlehooka}
% \begin{macro}{\maketitlehookb}
% \begin{macro}{\maketitlehookc}
% \begin{macro}{\maketitlehookd}
% The four hooks which will be called by |\maketitle|. These are initially
% vacuous.
% \changes{v2.1}{2001/03/23}{Added the four \cs{maketitlehook} commands}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\maketitlehooka}{}
\newcommand{\maketitlehookb}{}
\newcommand{\maketitlehookc}{}
\newcommand{\maketitlehookd}{}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \begin{macro}{\thanksmarkseries}
% \begin{macro}{\@bsmarkseries}
% \begin{macro}{\symbolthanksmark}
%  These are for specifying the kind of series for thanks markers.
% \changes{v2.0}{2001/02/24}{Added all the controls for the \cs{thanks} command.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\thanksmarkseries}[1]{%
  \def\@bsmarkseries{\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\@nameuse{#1}{footnote}}}}
\newcommand{\symbolthanksmark}{\thanksmarkseries{\fnsymbol}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\continuousmarks}
% \begin{macro}{\@bscontmark}
% These are for (non) zeroing of the footnote counter.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\@bscontmark}{\setcounter{footnote}{0}}
\newcommand{\continuousmarks}{\def\@bscontmark{}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\thanksheadextra}
% \begin{macro}{\@bsthanksheadpre}
% \begin{macro}{\@bsthanksheadpost}
% These are for inserting stuff before and after a mark in the titling.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\thanksheadextra}[2]{%
  \def\@bsthanksheadpre{#1}%
  \def\@bsthanksheadpost{#2}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\thanksfootextra}
% \begin{macro}{\thanksfootpre}
% \begin{macro}{\thanksfootpost}
% These are for inserting stuff before and after a thanks mark in the 
% footnoting.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\thanksfootextra}[2]{%
  \def\thanksfootpre{#1}%
  \def\thanksfootpost{#2}}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\thanksmark}
% This adds a thanks mark. The |\footnotemark| could have been used directly
% but it is fragile in a moving argument.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\thanksmark}[1]{\footnotemark[#1]}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\thanksgap}
% This specifies some horizontal space.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\thanksgap}[1]{\hspace{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\tamark}
% This stores the current definition of |\@thefnmark|. For some reason
% using |\@thefnmark| directly only gave the last value.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\tamark}{\@thefnmark}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\thanksmarkwidth}
% A length determining the size of the box for typesetting
% a thanks marker.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newlength{\thanksmarkwidth}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\thanksmargin}
% A length determining the inset of thanks footnotes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newlength{\thanksmargin}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\thanksscript}
% A wrapper round the actual mark stuff to be typeset. This is
% initialised to give a superscript mark.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\thanksscript}[1]{\textsuperscript{#1}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\makethanksmarkhook}
% A vacuous macro used as a hook into |\makethanksmark|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\makethanksmarkhook}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\thanksfootmark}
% This typesets the thanks footnote mark.
% \changes{v2.1}{2001/03/23}{Changed \cs{thanksfootmark} definition}
%    \begin{macrocode}

\newcommand{\thanksfootmark}{%
  \hb@xt@\thanksmarkwidth{\hfil\normalfont\thanksscript{%
    \thanksfootpre \tamark \thanksfootpost}}}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\makethanksmark}
% This sets the general indentations for the thanks footnote, 
% and typesets the mark. The code is a simplified version of that
% for typeseeting ToC entries.
% \changes{v2.1}{2001/03/23}{Changed definition of \cs{makethanksmark}}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\makethanksmark}{%
  \leavevmode%
  \makethanksmarkhook\relax
  \parindent 1em\noindent
  \leftskip\thanksmargin\relax
  \advance\leftskip \thanksmarkwidth \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip
  \thanksfootmark
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\usethanksrule}
% \begin{macro}{\cancelhanksrule}
%  Simple macros that let |\footnoterule| to another rule definition.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\usethanksrule}{\let\footnoterule\thanksrule}
\newcommand{\cancelthanksrule}{\let\footnoterule\@bsfootnoterule}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
%
%    Now set up the thanks defaults.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\if@titlepage
  \thanksmarkseries{arabic}    % normal footnote numbers
\else
  \thanksmarkseries{fnsymbol}
\fi
\thanksheadextra{}{}
\thanksfootextra{}{}
\setlength{\thanksmarkwidth}{1.8em}
\setlength{\thanksmargin}{-\thanksmarkwidth}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\thanksrule}
% \begin{macro}{\@bsfootnoterule}
% These are saved versions of the |\footnoterule| definition as it
% is at the end of the preamble.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \let\thanksrule\footnoterule
  \let\@bsfootnoterule\footnoterule
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\droptitle}
% A titling block has |\droptitle| amount of additional vertical space 
% above it (normally zero).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newlength{\droptitle}
\setlength{\droptitle}{0pt}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\maketitle}
% The following is a
% modification of |\maketitle| as in the \Lpack{article}, \Lpack{report},
% and \Lpack{book} classes 
% (see Section~\ref{sec:app} for the original definition).
% \changes{v1.2}{2001/03/23}{Added the four \cs{maketitlehook} commands
% to \cs{maketitle}}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand{\maketitle}{}
\if@titlepage
  \renewcommand{\maketitle}{\begin{titlepage}%
    \let\footnotesize\small
    \let\footnoterule\relax
    \let \footnote \thanks
    \@bsmarkseries
      \def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{%
         \normalfont\@bsthanksheadpre \tamark \@bsthanksheadpost}}}%
      \long\def\@makefntext##1{\makethanksmark ##1}
    \null\vfil
    \vskip 60\p@
    \vspace*{\droptitle}
    \maketitlehooka
    {\@bspretitle \@title \@bsposttitle}
    \maketitlehookb
    {\@bspreauthor \@author \@bspostauthor}
    \maketitlehookc
    {\@bspredate \@date \@bspostdate}
    \maketitlehookd
    \par
    \@thanks
    \vfil\null
    \end{titlepage}%
    \@bscontmark  %  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
%%%    \@bsmtitlempty             
  } % end titlepage defs
\else
  \renewcommand{\maketitle}{\par
    \begingroup
      \@bsmarkseries
      \def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{%
         \normalfont\@bsthanksheadpre \tamark \@bsthanksheadpost}}}%
      \long\def\@makefntext##1{\makethanksmark ##1}
      \if@twocolumn
        \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
          \@maketitle
        \else
          \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
        \fi
      \else
        \newpage
        \global\@topnum\z@
        \@maketitle
      \fi
      \thispagestyle{plain}\@thanks
    \endgroup
    \@bscontmark  %  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
%%%    \@bsmtitlempty 
  } % end non-titlepage
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\@maketitle}
% I use |\def\@maketitle| to account for the cases where the main class 
% does not have titling commands, and to ensure an existing |\@maketitle|
% gets overridden.
% \changes{v1.2}{2001/03/23}{Added the four \cs{maketitlehook} commands
% to \cs{@maketitle}}
%    \begin{macrocode}

  \def\@maketitle{%               
    \newpage
    \null
    \vskip 2em%
          \vspace*{\droptitle}
    \maketitlehooka
    {\@bspretitle \@title \@bsposttitle}
    \maketitlehookb
    {\@bspreauthor \@author \@bspostauthor}
    \maketitlehookc
    {\@bspredate \@date \@bspostdate}
    \maketitlehookd
    \par
    \vskip 1.5em}
\fi

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{environment}{titlingpage}
%  The |titlingpage| environment sets the pagestyle to be empty,
% disables the footnote rule and ensures that the page is single
% column. At the end it switches back to twocolumn if neccessary,
% and then starts a new page as number 1.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{titlingpage}%
  {%
   \let\footnoterule\relax
   \let\footnotesize\small
   \if@twocolumn
     \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
   \else
     \@restonecolfalse
   \fi
   \thispagestyle{empty}
   \setcounter{page}\@ne
  }{%
   \thispagestyle{empty}
   \if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi
   \if@twoside\else \setcounter{page}\@ne\fi}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
%
% \begin{macro}{\calccentering}
% This macro calculates the amount to be added to a |...sidemargin|
% in order to center the textblock. Call as \\
% |\calccentering{\length}{...sidemargin}| and it sets |\length|
% to the required value.
% \changes{v2.1}{2001/03/23}{Added \cs{calccentering} command}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\calccentering}[2]{
  #1 = \paperwidth
  \advance #1 by -\textwidth
  \divide #1 by \tw@
  \advance #1 by -#2
  \advance #1 by -\hoffset
  \advance #1 by -1in
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\emptythanks}
% This macro discards all prior |\thanks| texts.
% \changes{v2.1}{2001/03/23}{Added \cs{emptythanks} command}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\emptythanks}{\global\let\@thanks\@empty}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \begin{macro}{\@bsmtitlempty}
%    |\@bsmtitlempty| is a helper macro to save some macro space. 
% It empties some elements of |\maketitle|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\@bsmtitlempty}{%
  \global\let\maketitle\relax
  \global\let\@maketitle\relax
  \global\let\title\relax
  \global\let\author\relax
  \global\let\date\relax
  \global\let\thanksmarkseries\relax
  \global\let\thanksheadextra\relax
  \global\let\thanksfootextra\relax
  \global\let\thanksmark\relax
  \global\let\thanksgap\relax
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\keepthetitle}
% This macro undefines all the titling commands except for
% |\thetitle|, |\theauthor| and |\thedate|.
% \changes{v2.1}{2001/03/23}{Added \cs{keepthetitle} command}
% \changes{v2.1}{2001/03/23}{Moved \cs{@bsmtitlempty} from \cs{maketitle}
% to \cs{keepthetitle}}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\keepthetitle}{%
  \@bsmtitlempty
  \global\let\thanks\relax
  \global\let\and\relax
  \global\let\@thanks\@empty
  \global\let\@title\@empty
  \global\let\@author\@empty
  \global\let\@date\@empty
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\killtitle}
% |\killtitle| undefines the remaining macros of |\maketitle|.
% \changes{v2.1}{2001/03/23}{\cs{killtitle} calls \cs{keepthetitle} to
%     do most of the work}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand{\killtitle}{}
\renewcommand{\killtitle}{%
  \keepthetitle
  \global\let\thetitle\relax
  \global\let\theauthor\relax
  \global\let\thedate\relax
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\appendiargdef}
%  The code is copied from the \Lpack{abstract} package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand{\appendiargdef}[2]{\begingroup
  \toks@\expandafter{#1{##1}#2}%
  \edef\@bsx{\endgroup \def\noexpand#1####1{\the\toks@}}%
  \@bsx}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% 
% \begin{macro}{\thetitle}
% \begin{macro}{\theauthor}
% \begin{macro}{\thedate}
%    In order to make the |\title|, etc., values available for printing
% their definitions need extending to save their arguments
% (see Section~\ref{sec:app} for their
% original definitions). We have to make sure that extraneous material,
% like |\thanks|, is excluded from the saved texts.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\appendiargdef{\title}{%
  \begingroup
    \renewcommand{\thanks}[1]{}
    \renewcommand{\thanksmark}[1]{}
    \renewcommand{\thanksgap}[1]{}
    \protected@xdef\thetitle{#1}
  \endgroup}
\appendiargdef{\author}{%
  \begingroup
    \renewcommand{\thanks}[1]{}
    \renewcommand{\and}{\unskip, }
    \renewcommand{\thanksmark}[1]{}
    \renewcommand{\thanksgap}[1]{}
    \protected@xdef\theauthor{#1}
  \endgroup}
\appendiargdef{\date}{%
  \begingroup
    \renewcommand{\thanks}[1]{}
    \renewcommand{\thanksmark}[1]{}
    \renewcommand{\thanksgap}[1]{}
    \protected@xdef\thedate{#1}
  \endgroup}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
%    The end of this package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</usc>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \appendix
% \section{Original code for making a title} \label{sec:app}
%
% These are the kernel commands (from \file{ltsect.dtx}) for the elements
% of |\maketitle|.
% \par\begin{small}\begin{verbatim}
% \def\title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}}
%   \def\@title{\@latex@error{No \noexpand\title given}\@ehc}
% \def\author#1{\gdef\@author{#1}}
%   \def\@author{\@latex@warning@no@line{No \noexpand\author given}}
% \def\date#1{\gdef\@date{#1}}
%   \def\@date{\today}
% \def\thanks#1{\footnotemark
%    \protected@xdef\@thanks{\@thanks
%      \protect\footnotetext[\the\c@footnote]{#1}}%
% }
% \let\@thanks\@empty
% \def\and{%                  % \begin{tabular}
%   \end{tabular}%
%   \hskip 1em \@plus.17fil%
%   \begin{tabular}[t]{c}}%   % \end{tabular}
% \end{verbatim}
% \par\end{small}
%
%
% This is the version of
% |\maketitle| and |\@maketitle| from \file{classes.dtx}.
% \par\begin{small}\begin{verbatim}
% \if@titlepage
% \newcommand{\maketitle}{\begin{titlepage}%
%   \let\footnotesize\small
%   \let\footnoterule\relax
%   \let \footnote \thanks
%   \null\vfil
%   \vskip 60\p@
%   \begin{center}%
%     {\LARGE \@title \par}%
%     \vskip 3em%
%     {\large
%      \lineskip .75em%
%      \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
%        \@author
%      \end{tabular}\par}
%      \vskip 1.5em%
%     {\large \@date \par}%
%   \end{center}\par
%   \@thanks
%   \vfil\null
%   \end{titlepage}%
%   \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
%   \global\let\thanks\relax
%   \global\let\maketitle\relax
%   \global\let\@maketitle\relax
%   \global\let\@thanks\@empty
%   \global\let\@author\@empty
%   \global\let\@date\@empty
%   \global\let\@title\@empty
%   \global\let\title\relax
%   \global\let\author\relax
%   \global\let\date\relax
%   \global\let\and\relax
% }
% \else
% \newcommand{\maketitle}{\par
%   \begingroup
%     \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
%     \def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}%
%     \long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent 1em\noindent
%       \hb@xt@1.8em{%
%         \hss\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}##1}%
%     \if@twocolumn
%       \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
%         \@maketitle
%       \else
%         \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
%       \fi
%     \else
%       \newpage
%       \global\@topnum\z@
%       \@maketitle
%     \fi
%     \thispagestyle{plain}\@thanks
%   \endgroup
%   \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
%   \global\let\thanks\relax
%   \global\let\maketitle\relax
%   \global\let\@maketitle\relax
%   \global\let\@thanks\@empty
%   \global\let\@author\@empty
%   \global\let\@date\@empty
%   \global\let\@title\@empty
%   \global\let\title\relax
%   \global\let\author\relax
%   \global\let\date\relax
%   \global\let\and\relax
% }
%
% \def\@maketitle{%
%   \newpage
%   \null
%   \vskip 2em%
%   \begin{center}%
%     \let \footnote \thanks
%     {\LARGE \@title \par}%
%     \vskip 1.5em%
%     {\large
%      \lineskip .5em%
%      \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
%        \@author
%      \end{tabular}\par}
%      \vskip 1em%
%     {\large \@date}%
%   \end{center}
%   \par
%   \vskip 1.5em}
% \fi
% 
% \end{verbatim}
% \end{small}\par
%
%
%
%
% \Finale
% \PrintIndex
%
\endinput

%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}