path: root/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/gmp/gmp.dtx

% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% Copyright (C) 2011 by Enrico Gregorio 
% <Enrico dot Gregorio at univr dot it>
% -------------------------------------------------------
% 
% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either
% version 1.3c of this license or (at your option) any
% later version. The latest version of this license is in
%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions
% of LaTeX version 2005/12/01 or later.
%
% This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained'.
% 
% The Current Maintainer of this work is Enrico Gregorio.
%
% This work consists of the files
%   gmp.dtx 
%   gmp.ins
% and the derived file gmp.sty.
%
% \fi
%
% \iffalse
%<*driver>
\ProvidesFile{gmp.dtx}
%</driver>
%<package>\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[2008/04/05]
%<package>\ProvidesPackage{gmp}
%<*package>
    [2011/03/10 v1.0 Integrate MetaPost with LaTeX (EG)]
%</package>
%
%<*driver>
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage[shellescape,tex]{gmp}
\usepackage{url,float,microtype}
\usepackage{metalogo,mflogo,color}
\floatstyle{ruled}
\restylefloat{figure}
\restylefloat{table}

% \newenvironment{averbatim}{\verbatim}{\endverbatim}
\newenvironment{annotation}
  {\par\addvspace{\medskipamount}\footnotesize}
  {\par\addvspace{\medskipamount}}

\newcommand{\cmdname}[1]{\texttt{\char`\\#1}}
\renewcommand{\meta}[1]{$\langle$\textnormal{\itshape#1\/}$\rangle$}
\renewcommand{\marg}[1]{\texttt{\char`\{#1\char`\}}}
\renewcommand{\oarg}[1]{\texttt{[#1]}}

\newcommand{\scratchcount}[1]{%
\begin{mpost}
n:=#1;
height := 3/5\mpdim{\baselineskip} ; 
span := 1/3 * height ; 
drift := 1/10 * height ; 
pickup pencircle scaled (1/12 * height) ; 
def d = (uniformdeviate drift) enddef ; 
for i := 1 upto n : 
  draw
    if (i mod 5)=0 : ((-d-4.5span,d)--(+d-0.5span,height-d))
    else : ((-d,+d)--(+d,height-d)) fi
    shifted (span*i,d-drift) ; 
endfor; 
picture cp ; 
cp := currentpicture ; % for readability 
setbounds currentpicture to
  (llcorner cp shifted (0,-ypart llcorner cp) --
   lrcorner cp shifted (0,-ypart lrcorner cp) --
   urcorner cp -- ulcorner cp -- cycle) ;
\end{mpost}}
\makeatletter
\newenvironment{scratchenum}{\begin{enumerate}%
\@namedef{label\@enumctr}{\scratchcount{\arabic{\@enumctr}}}%
}{\end{enumerate}}
\makeatother

\newcommand\VCEN[1]{$\vcenter{\hbox{#1}}$}
\newcommand\lista[2][black]{%
\VCEN{%
\begin{mpost}[
%mpcommands={n:=#3;color fuzzy_color ; fuzzy_color:=#1 ;},
mpmem=metafun]
n:=#2 ; color fuzzy_color ; fuzzy_color:=#1 ;

height := 5pt ;
span := 1/3 * height ; 
drift := 1/10 * height ; 
hsize := .7\mpdim{\linewidth} ;
vstep := 10pt ; 
xmax := hsize div 5span ;

pickup pencircle scaled (1/12 * height) ; 
def d = (uniformdeviate drift) enddef ; 
for i := 1 upto n : 
  xpos := ((i-1) mod (5*xmax))*span ;
  ypos := ((i-1) div (5*xmax))*vstep ;
  draw
    if (i mod 5)=0 : ((-d-4.5span,d)--(+d-0.5span,height-d))
    else : ((-d,+d)--(+d,height-d)) fi
    shifted (xpos,-ypos+d-drift) withcolor fuzzy_color ; 
endfor; 

picture cp ; 
cp := currentpicture ; % for readability 
if (ypart ulcorner cp - ypart llcorner cp) <= vstep :
setbounds currentpicture to
  (llcorner cp shifted (0,-ypart llcorner cp) --
   lrcorner cp shifted (0,-ypart lrcorner cp) --
   urcorner cp -- ulcorner cp -- cycle) ;
fi
\end{mpost}}%
}

\newsavebox{\tacochapterbox}
\newcommand{\tacochapterhead}[1]{%
  \sbox\tacochapterbox{\Large\bfseries #1}%
  {\ooalign{%
     \MPclipOne{\mpdim{\wd\tacochapterbox+6pc}}
               {\mpdim{\ht\tacochapterbox+3pc}}
               {8}
               {(.7,.7,.7)}
               {red}
     \cr
     \hfill\raisebox{\dimexpr.5\ht\tacochapterbox+1.5pc\relax}
       {\box\tacochapterbox}\hfill}}}

\def\MPclipOne#1#2#3#4#5{\begin{mpost}
      w := #1;  width  := 100;  wfactor := w/width;
      h := #2;  height := 100;  hfactor := h/height;
      color lightred;  lightred  := (.90,.50,.50);
      color lightgray; lightgray := (.95,.95,.95);
      color gray;      gray      := (.50,.50,.50);
      def random_delta (expr d) =
        d-(uniformdeviate 2d)
      enddef;
      z1 = (0,height);
      z2 = (0,0);
      z3 = (width,0);
      z4 = (width,height);
      z5 = (width+random_delta(.2width),height+random_delta(.2height));
      z6 = (.5width+random_delta(.1width),height+random_delta(.1height));
      pickup pencircle
        xscaled (#3/wfactor)
        yscaled (#3/(2*hfactor))
        rotated 30;
      draw z5..z1..z2..z3..z4..z6 withcolor #4;
      pickup pencircle
        xscaled (#3/wfactor)
        yscaled (#3/hfactor);
      draw z1 withcolor #5;
      draw z2 withcolor #5;
      draw z3 withcolor #5;
      draw z4 withcolor #5;
      draw z5 withcolor #5;
      draw z6 withcolor #5;
      newwidth  := (xpart (urcorner currentpicture)) -
                   (xpart (llcorner currentpicture));
      newheight := (ypart (urcorner currentpicture)) -
                   (ypart (llcorner currentpicture));
      currentpicture := currentpicture
       xscaled (w/newwidth) yscaled (h/newheight);
    \end{mpost}}

\newcommand{\squares}[2][black]{%
  \begin{mpost}
  boolean timetofillbox;
  sfactor:=.95;
  path p,q; u:=\mpdim{#2\textwidth}/2;
  p := (u,u) -- (-u,u) -- (-u,-u) -- (u,-u) -- cycle;
  theta := 0; dtheta := .005;
  forever:
    theta := theta+dtheta;
    q := p scaled sfactor rotated theta;
    exitif ypart(point 0 of q) > u;
  endfor;
  fill p withrgbcolor #1; timetofillbox:=false;
  for i:=1 upto 51:
    p := p scaled sfactor rotated theta;
    if timetofillbox:
      fill p withrgbcolor #1; timetofillbox:=false;
    else:
      fill p withrgbcolor white-#1; timetofillbox:=true;
    fi
  endfor
  \end{mpost}}

\urldef\messageurl\url
  {http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/browse_frm/thread/516fb024bb83bcda}

\setcounter{secnumdepth}{1}

\EnableCrossrefs         
\CodelineIndex
\RecordChanges
\begin{document}
  \DocInput{gmp.dtx}
  \PrintChanges
  \PrintIndex
\end{document}
%</driver>
% \fi
%
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%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
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%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
%
%
% \changes{v1.0}{2011/03/10}{Initial version}
%
% \GetFileInfo{gmp.dtx}
%
% \DoNotIndex{\newcommand,\newenvironment,\!,\",\%,\',\:,\;,\=,\?}
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% 
%
% \title{The \textsf{gmp} package\thanks{This document
%   corresponds to \textsf{gmp}~\fileversion, dated \filedate.}}
% \author{Enrico Gregorio \\ \texttt{enrico DOT gregorio AT univr DOT it}}
%
% \maketitle
%
% \begin{center}
% \tacochapterhead{Introduction}
% \end{center}
%
% Con\TeX{}t is far more superior to \LaTeX{} in its integration of
% \MP{}.  On the other hand, few people are going to do the big jump
% towards Con\TeX{}t, especially if they have to use maths in their
% documents.
%
% Nonetheless, sometimes a better integration between \LaTeX{} and
% \MP{} would be welcome.  One great package is \textsf{mfpic}, but
% its philosophy is different: it defines a set of \TeX{} macros which
% are afterwards interpreted as \MP{}. It suffers a bit from its 
% \MF{} origin: the user has to pass the dimensions of the created 
% figure in advance, while \MP{} is able to figure them out by itself.
%
% A very recent package does similar things as \textsf{gmp}, Vafa
% Khalighi's \mbox{\textsf{mpgraphics}}, from which I learned to add
% the \texttt{runs} and \texttt{clean} keys. However also Vafa's
% package can't pass parameters to the \MP{} pictures at run time.
% I~have to thank Vafa Khalighi because his \textsf{mpgraphics}
% package helped me to straighten some roughness from the preliminary
% version of this package.  Another package is oriented to this
% purpose, \textsf{emp} by Thorsten Ohl, but it has not been updated
% since 1997.
%
% What I wanted was a package which could do \emph{automatically} the
% compilation of \MP{} output and, moreover, could pass parameters to
% \MP{}.  Wouldn't it be nice being able to define a graphic object in
% terms of the current text width?  Or of the current baseline skip?
% Or of some user defined parameter?  A ``reusable'' object which can
% change depending on current conditions? This package is an answer;
% it runs under \LaTeX{}, \textsc{pdf}\LaTeX{} and
% \XeLaTeX{}.\footnote{It runs even under Lua\LaTeX{}, I'd say, but in
% this case it doesn't exploit the possibility of a direct call to the
% \MP{} library.}
%
% This has some consequences; for example, \MP{} labels will usually go
% inside
%\begin{verbatim}
%\btex ... etex
%\end{verbatim}
% instead of the normal \verb|btex ... etex|. Later examples will show
% this is an enrichment, rather than a limitation.
%
% \begin{mpost}[name=swelled]
% breadth=.667\mpdim{\linewidth};
% height=2pt;
% x1=0;
% x2=x6=.333x4;x5=x3=.667x4;
% x4=breadth;
% y1=y4=height/2;
% y2=y3=height;
% y5=y6=0;
% fill z1--z2--z3--z4--z5--z6--cycle;
% \end{mpost}
%
% Consider a swelled rule: we want its width to be two thirds of the
% line width.  But, of course, we should not simply scale it when the
% line width changes. Here is an example; the swelled rule for the
% current line width:
% \begin{center}
% \usempost{swelled}
% \end{center}
% We follow it with a scaled version corresponding to half line width
% (on the left) and a true swelled rule constructed for a halved line 
% width:
% \begin{center}
% % \scalebox{.5}[1]{\usempost{swelled}}\qquad
% \usempost[scale=.5]{swelled}\qquad
% \begin{mpost}
% breadth=.667\mpdim{\linewidth}/2;
% height=2pt;
% x1=0;
% x2=x6=.333x4;x5=x3=.667x4;
% x4=breadth;
% y1=y4=height/2;
% y2=y3=height;
% y5=y6=0;
% fill z1--z2--z3--z4--z5--z6--cycle;
% \end{mpost}
% \end{center}
%
% The difference is clear, but I must admit to have cheated: in this
% case it would be sufficient to scale the swelled rule only in the
% horizontal direction.  However, scaling is not always the correct
% answer, since it affects all rule widths and character sizes, for
% example.  You can see the input for the swelled rule in 
% Figure~\ref{swelled-code}, taken from~Peter~\cite{peter2005}.
%
% \begin{figure}
% \centering
% \bigskip
% \usempost{swelled}\\*[3ex]
% \begin{minipage}{.5\linewidth}
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{mpost}[name=swelled]
%breadth=.667\mpdim{\linewidth};
%height=2pt;
%x1=0;
%x2=x6=.333x4;x5=x3=.667x4;
%x4=breadth;
%y1=y4=height/2;
%y2=y3=height;
%y5=y6=0;
%fill z1--z2--z3--z4--
%  z5--z6--cycle;
%\end{mpost}
%\end{verbatim}
% \end{minipage}\\*[3ex]
% \usempost{swelled}
%
% \bigskip
% \caption{The code for the swelled rule}\label{swelled-code}
% \end{figure}
%
% The command \cmdname{mpdim} takes as an argument a length (rigid or
% rubber) and transforms it into a dimension understood by \MP{}
% (i.e., it strips off possible `plus' and `minus' specifications).  To
% \MP{} eyes, it is an `unnamed variable' like `\texttt{whatever}',
% except that it has the value of the dimension given as argument; see
% the description in Section~\ref{commands}
%
% What I did was to define a \MP{} input for the swelled rule, to
% assign it a name and to use it when needed.  For example, the above
% verbatim environment surrounded by swelled rules has been written as
% in Figure~\ref{averb}.
%
% \begin{figure}
% \centering\catcode`!=\active \def!{}
% \begin{minipage}{.5\linewidth}
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{center}
%\usempost{swelled}\\*[3ex]
%\begin{minipage}{.5\linewidth}
%\begin!{verbatim}
%\begin{mpost}[name=swelled]
%breadth=.667\mpdim{\linewidth};
%...
%\end{mpost}
%\end!{verbatim}
%\end{minipage}\\*[3ex]
%\usempost{swelled}
%\end{center}
%\end{verbatim}
% \end{minipage}
% \caption{The input for the nice verbatim}\label{averb}
% \end{figure}
%
% A recent message on \texttt{comp.text.tex}\footnote{\messageurl}
% asked how to realize in \LaTeX{} chapter headers like the ones in
% the manual ``Con\TeX{}t, an
% excursion''\footnote{\texttt{http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/mp-cb-en.pdf}}
% and Taco Hoekwater kindly provided the code that's used. Here I
% propose a macro that solves the problem, once it's integrated in a
% chapter style for \textsf{memoir} or \textsf{titlesec}; the \MP{}
% code is found in table~\ref{taco} and the result is shown here
% \begin{center}
% \bigskip
% \tacochapterhead{How to draw graphics}
% \bigskip
% \end{center}
% Now you can return to the first page and see that the title for the
% introduction was typeset inside a similar drawing, but of different
% size. The \MP{} code is exactly the same as Taco's, except for the
% call of \texttt{mpost} instead of \cmdname{startMPgraphic} and
% \cmdname{endMPgraphic}. The \LaTeX{} code used is
%\begin{verbatim}
%\newsavebox{\tacochapterbox}
%\newcommand{\tacochapterhead}[1]{%
%  \sbox\tacochapterbox{\Large\bfseries #1}%
%  {\ooalign{%
%     \MPclipOne{\mpdim{\wd\tacochapterbox+6pc}} % width
%               {\mpdim{\ht\tacochapterbox+3pc}} % height
%               {8}                              % thickness of the curve
%               {(.7,.7,.7)}                     % color of the curve
%               {red}                            % color of the spots
%     \cr\hfill\raisebox{\dimexpr.5\ht\tacochapterbox+1.5pc\relax}
%          {\box\tacochapterbox}\hfill}}}
%
%\tacochapterhead{How to draw graphics}
%\end{verbatim}
% Use a high level package such as \textsf{titlesec} in order to draw
% fancy ornaments around the chapter title; an example might be
%\begin{verbatim}
%\newcommand{\chapformat}[1]{\tacochapterhead{\thechapter.\ #1}}
%\titleformat{name=\chapter}[block]
%  {\large\bfseries\filcenter}{}{0pt}{\chapformat}
%\titleformat{name=\chapter,numberless}[block]
%  {\large\bfseries\filcenter}{}{0pt}{\tacochapterhead}
%\end{verbatim}
% which takes care also of numberless chapter headings.
%
% \begin{table}
% \caption{\MP{} code for a fancy chapter heading}\label{taco}
%\begin{verbatim}
%%macro arguments:
%%#1 = desired width
%%#2 = desired height
%%#3 = pen thickness (relative)
%%#4 = line color
%%#5 = dot color
%\def\MPclipOne#1#2#3#4#5%
%   {\begin{mpost}
%      w := #1;  width  := 100;  wfactor := w/width;
%      h := #2;  height := 100;  hfactor := h/height;
%      color lightred;  lightred  := (.90,.50,.50);
%      color lightgray; lightgray := (.95,.95,.95);
%      color gray;      gray      := (.50,.50,.50);
%      def random_delta (expr d) =
%        d-(uniformdeviate 2d)
%      enddef;
%      z1 = (0,height);
%      z2 = (0,0);
%      z3 = (width,0);
%      z4 = (width,height);
%      z5 = (width+random_delta(.2width),height+random_delta(.2height));
%      z6 = (.5width+random_delta(.1width),height+random_delta(.1height));
%      pickup pencircle
%        xscaled (#3/wfactor)
%        yscaled (#3/(2*hfactor))
%        rotated 30;
%      draw z5..z1..z2..z3..z4..z6 withcolor #4;
%      pickup pencircle
%        xscaled (#3/wfactor)
%        yscaled (#3/hfactor);
%      draw z1 withcolor #5;
%      draw z2 withcolor #5;
%      draw z3 withcolor #5;
%      draw z4 withcolor #5;
%      draw z5 withcolor #5;
%      draw z6 withcolor #5;
%      newwidth  := (xpart (urcorner currentpicture)) -
%                   (xpart (llcorner currentpicture));
%      newheight := (ypart (urcorner currentpicture)) -
%                   (ypart (llcorner currentpicture));
%      currentpicture := currentpicture
%       xscaled (w/newwidth) yscaled (h/newheight);
%    \end{mpost}}
%\end{verbatim}
% \end{table}
%
% Another useless application comes from the Metafun manual, by Hans
% Hagen~\cite{hagen-metafun}: a representation of a counter using
% vertical bars with a diagonal one after four of them, just like when
% counting on a piece of scratch paper.  We can borrow the \MP{} input
% from Hans, and define the command you find in table~\ref{scratch}.
%
% \begin{table}
% \caption{The \texttt{\string\scratchcount} macro}\label{scratch}
%\begin{verbatim}
%\newcommand{\scratchcount}[1]{%
%  \begin{mpost}
%  n:=#1;
%  height := 3/5\mpdim{\baselineskip} ; 
%  span := 1/3 * height ; 
%  drift := 1/10 * height ; 
%  pickup pencircle scaled (1/12 * height) ; 
%  def d = (uniformdeviate drift) enddef ; 
%  for i := 1 upto n : 
%    draw
%      if (i mod 5)=0 : ((-d-4.5span,d)--(+d-0.5span,height-d))
%      else : ((-d,+d)--(+d,height-d)) fi
%      shifted (span*i,d-drift) ; 
%  endfor; 
%  picture cp ; 
%  cp := currentpicture ; %for readability 
%  setbounds currentpicture to
%    (llcorner cp shifted (0,-ypart llcorner cp) --
%     lrcorner cp shifted (0,-ypart lrcorner cp) --
%     urcorner cp -- ulcorner cp -- cycle) ;
%  \end{mpost}}
%\makeatletter
%\newenvironment{scratchenum}{\begin{enumerate}
%  \@namedef{label\@enumctr}{\scratchcount{\arabic{\@enumctr}}}%
%  }{\end{enumerate}}
%\makeatother
%\end{verbatim}
% \end{table}
%
% Now we have a new environment and we can use it at every nesting 
% level:
% \begin{enumerate}
% \item A first item, to remember that \MP{} is a big fun, for the 
% following reasons:
% \begin{scratchenum}
% \item it has a syntax very similar to \MF;
% \item it outputs very good PostScript;
% \item there are many people using it;
% \item it is very simple to use;
% \item it integrates easily with \LaTeX;
% \item some other reason just to arrive to six.
% \end{scratchenum}
% \item A second item, to remember that \LaTeX{} users can benefit from
% the use of \MP{}.
% \end{enumerate}
% The input for this nested enumeration was
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{enumerate}
%  \item A first ...
%    \begin{scratchenum}
%      \item it has ...
%      ...
%    \end{scratchenum}
%  \item A second ...
%\end{enumerate}
%\end{verbatim}
%
% Of course, if we need to use the \texttt{scratchenum} only at the
% first level of nesting, a definition such as
%\begin{verbatim}
%\newenvironment{scratchenum}
%  {\begin{enumerate}
%   \renewcommand{labelenumi}{\scratchcount{\arabic{enumi}}}%
%  }
%  {\end{enumerate}}
%\end{verbatim}
% would have sufficed.  We give as argument to \cmdname{scratchcount}
% the representation of the counter as an arabic number; \MP{} does
% all the necessary calculations.
%
% \begin{figure}
% \centering
%\begin{verbatim}
%\newcommand\lista[2][black]{%
%\VCEN{\begin{mpost}[mpmem=metafun]
%n:=#2 ; color fuzzy_color ; fuzzy_color:=#1 ;
%
%height := 5pt ;
%span := 1/3 * height ; 
%drift := 1/10 * height ; 
%hsize := .7\mpdim{\linewidth} ;
%vstep := 10pt ; 
%xmax := hsize div 5span ;
%
%pickup pencircle scaled (1/12 * height) ; 
%def d = (uniformdeviate drift) enddef ; 
%for i := 1 upto n : 
%  xpos := ((i-1) mod (5*xmax))*span ;
%  ypos := ((i-1) div (5*xmax))*vstep ;
%  draw
%    if (i mod 5)=0 : ((-d-4.5span,d)--(+d-0.5span,height-d))
%    else : ((-d,+d)--(+d,height-d)) fi
%    shifted (xpos,-ypos+d-drift) withcolor fuzzy_color ; 
%endfor; 
%
%picture cp ; 
%cp := currentpicture ; % for readability 
%if (ypart ulcorner cp - ypart llcorner cp) <= vstep :
%setbounds currentpicture to
%  (llcorner cp shifted (0,-ypart llcorner cp) --
%   lrcorner cp shifted (0,-ypart lrcorner cp) --
%   urcorner cp -- ulcorner cp -- cycle) ;
%fi
%\end{mpost}}}
%\end{verbatim}
% \caption{Expanded definition for the scratch numbers; the
% \protect\cmdname{VCEN} macro is for centering the object.}\label{expan}
% \end{figure}
%
% We can expand on this theme, to represent greater numbers. You can 
% see it in Figure~\ref{expan}. After this, an input like
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{tabular}{llr}
%\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{La lista}}\\\hline\\
%Italia & \lista[red]{640} & 640\\\\
%Alemagna & \lista{231} & 231\\\\
%Francia & \lista[red]{100}& 100\\\\
%Turchia & \lista{91}& 91\\\\
%Spagna & \lista[red]{1003} & 1003\\\\\hline
%\end{tabular}
%\end{verbatim}
% gives what you can see in figure~\ref{lalista}, but if we put it
% inside a \texttt{minipage}, we can render the same list in other
% ways, automatically.  You see it in Figure~\ref{liste}.
%
% \begin{figure}
% \caption{La lista}\label{lalista}
% \centering
% \medskip
% \begin{tabular}{llr}
% Italia & \lista[red]{640} & 640\\\\
% Alemagna & \lista{231} & 231\\\\
% Francia & \lista[red]{100}& 100\\\\
% Turchia & \lista{91}& 91\\\\
% Spagna & \lista[red]{1003} & 1003\\
% \end{tabular}
%
% \medskip
% \end{figure}
%
% \begin{figure}
% \centering
% \scalebox{.7}{%
% \begin{minipage}{.5\linewidth}
% \begin{tabular}{ll}
% \multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{La lista}}\\\hline\\
% IT & \lista[red]{640}\\\\
% DE & \lista{231}\\\\
% FR & \lista[red]{100}\\\\
% TR & \lista{91}\\\\
% ES & \lista[red]{1003}\\\\\hline
% \end{tabular}
% \end{minipage}
% \quad
% \begin{minipage}{.4\linewidth}
% \begin{tabular}{ll}
% \multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{La lista}}\\\hline\\
% IT & \lista[red]{640}\\\\
% DE & \lista{231}\\\\
% FR & \lista[red]{100}\\\\
% TR & \lista{91}\\\\
% ES & \lista[red]{1003}\\\\\hline
% \end{tabular}
% \end{minipage}}
% \caption[]{The tables have been reduced at 70\%.  On the right the
% table has been put in a \texttt{minipage}
% of size \texttt{.5\cmdname{linewidth}}; on the left the size was 
% \texttt{.4\cmdname{linewidth}}}\label{liste}
% \end{figure}
%
% Note how we can pass to the \MP{} input some parameters, a
% dimension as before, and a color specification.
%
% It is not necessary to put \texttt{mpost} environments inside a
% definition, as we have already seen.  We can assign a name to the
% object and use it as many times as we like, even subject to
% transformations with the same syntax as \cmdname{includegraphics}. The
% following example is from the \MP{} package \textsf{drv}, which
% requires a double run of \MP{}:
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{mpost}[runs=2,mpsettings={input drv;},name=der1]
%jgm 0 "A\vdash B";
%jgm 1 "B\vdash C";
%jgm 2 "A\vdash C";
%nfr 0 () ("f", 1);
%nfr 1 () ("g", 1);
%nfr 2 (0, 1) ("\circ", 1);
%draw drv_tree;
%\end{mpost}
%\usempost{der1}\quad
%\usempost[angle=90]{der1}
%\end{verbatim}
% \begin{center}
% \begin{mpost}[runs=2,mpxprogram=latex,
%   mpsettings={input drv;},name=der1,use]
% jgm 0 "A\vdash B";
% jgm 1 "B\vdash C";
% jgm 2 "A\vdash C";
% nfr 0 () ("f", 1);
% nfr 1 () ("g", 1);
% nfr 2 (0, 1) ("\circ", 1);
% draw drv_tree;
% \end{mpost}\quad
% \usempost[angle=90]{der1}
% \end{center}
%
% If a \MP{} object is not assigned a name it is immediately used and,
% obviously, it cannot be used any more.  Well, this is not strictly
% true: every object has a number corresponding to an \textsc{mps} file
% named \meta{filename}\texttt{+mp}\meta{number}\texttt{.mps} and it
% would be possible to include it in the usual way.  Here
% \meta{filename} is the name of the root \LaTeX{} file.  However, the
% \meta{number} is not fixed, since insertion of other objects before a
% certain one will change its assigned number.
%
% There are three ways for typesetting a document using \textsf{gmp},
% which correspond to the following package options:
% \begin{description}
% \item[\texttt{shellescape}] exploits the `shell escape' feature
% present in most \TeX{} distributions: every \texttt{mpost} environment
% calls a run of \MP{}, setting the object immediately (you have to call
% the typesetting engine with the necessary command line option, see
% later);
%
% \item[\texttt{noshellescape}] defers the \MP{} runs to the end of
% the \LaTeX{} run, the user has to launch them by hand---in this case a
% very simple shell script is written for doing all the business;
%
% \item[\texttt{nowrite}] inhibits writing \MP{} files and disables
% running \MP{}: when the document is finished and no more modifications
% to the \MP{} objects are needed, we can set this option and read the
% \textsc{mps} files already compiled in previous runs.
% \end{description}
%
% The `shell escape' feature is very handy, but someone may feel uneasy
% with it.  For security reasons, \TeX{} distributions usually disable
% it by default and it must be explicitly requested by calling
% \begin{flushleft}
% \texttt{latex -shell-escape} \meta{filename}\\
% \texttt{pdflatex -shell-escape} \meta{filename}\\
% \texttt{xelatex -shell-escape} \meta{filename}
% \end{flushleft}
% depending on what engine you are using; see your system's
% documentation for the actual call: for \TeX~Live the command line
% option \texttt{-shell-escape}, while for MiK\TeX{} it's
% \texttt{-enable-write18}.
%
% In case some \MP{} graphics doesn't compile properly, it's better to
% switch to \texttt{noshellescape} and launch the shell script after a
% new \LaTeX{} run: from a terminal window say
% \texttt{sh~\meta{filename}+mp.sh}, where \meta{filename} stands for
% your main document's name. This will run \MP{} in `error stop mode',
% so that you'll probably get a clue about what is going wrong.
%
% If one uses \XeLaTeX{}, all \textsc{mps} files will be converted to
% \textsc{pdf} via \texttt{epstopdf}.
%
%
% \section{The name of the package and its workings}
%
% I wanted a successor of \textsf{emp}, but \textsf{fmp} was out of the
% question: this is a package for including functional \MP{} in
% \LaTeX. So I chose \textsf{gmp}.
%
% Here is a brief description of how the package works.  A \MP{}
% object is defined through a \texttt{mpost} environment
% (see~Section~\ref{envoptions}).  When such an environment is found,
% an external \MP{} file is written and processed (either immediately
% or after the \LaTeX{} run, at the user's choice).  After processing,
% a file called \meta{filename}\texttt{+mp}\meta{number}\texttt{.mps}
% is produced, which is then included in the \LaTeX{} output with
% \cmdname{includegraphics}, but without user's intervention.  If the
% object is assigned a name, it can be included as many times as
% desired.
%
% The \textsf{gmp} package depends on \textsf{xkeyval},
% \textsf{ifxetex}, \textsf{ifpdf} and, of course,
% \textsf{graphicx}. If you have to pass options to this one, load it
% before \textsf{gmp}.
%
%
% \section{File names}
%
% This package \emph{doesn't} support file names containing
% spaces. Quoting D.~E.~Knuth, if you're upset about this, you shouldn't
% be: spaces in file names might be supported, but every system has its
% idiosyncrasies and quotes around the name aren't always the correct
% answer. Avoiding strange characters in file names is the best strategy
% for being compatible with most platforms.
%
%
% \section{To do}
%
% Find out a way to coerce creation of all auxiliary files in a
% subdirectory of the current directory, in order not to fill it with
% junk, besides what's really necessary.
%
%
% \section{The package options}\label{options}
%
% We have seen some of the package options, but now I will present them
% more formally.  Some of them will be grouped together; the first one
% of the group is the default.
%
% \subsection{\texttt{tex} and \texttt{latex}}
%
% \MP{} is able to use either Plain \TeX{} or \LaTeX{} for typesetting
% the `labels'.  If you are using ten point type and the usual Computer
% Modern fonts or no label at all, it is not necessary to set this
% option (the default is \texttt{tex}).  On the other hand, if you are
% using different fonts or different type sizes, then \texttt{latex} is
% necessary.  The package creates a crude preamble keeping the type size
% of your document; insertion of any other package or of a different
% class must be explicitly done with the commands \cmdname{usempxclass}
% and \cmdname{usempxpackage} which have the same syntax as
% \cmdname{documentclass} and \cmdname{usepackage}.  See
% Section~\ref{commands} for a description of the commands; their names
% should remember that they are used for an `extension' of \MP{}, namely
% the preprocessor that typesets the labels making them into \MP{}
% pictures. However the option can be overridden for any picture, see
% later on.
%
% \subsection{\texttt{noshellescape} and \texttt{shellescape}}
%
% The \texttt{shellescape} option uses the \verb|\write18| feature found
% in many \TeX{} distributions (all the up-to-date ones based on
% \textsf{Web2C} such as \TeX~Live, and MiK\TeX{}).  Its purpose is to
% stop momentarily the \TeX{} compilation for executing the \MP{} run
% after a \texttt{mpost} environment has been found.  \LaTeX{} or
% \textsc{pdf}\LaTeX{} have to be called with the \texttt{-shell-escape}
% command line option or \texttt{-enable-write18} on MiK\TeX.
%
% With \texttt{noshellescape} all shell commands are collected in a
% batch file and \LaTeX{} will remember users to execute it at the end
% of the run.  On the subsequent \LaTeX{} run, all objects should be in
% place.
%
% When a compiled \MP{} object is not found at the proper place, a box
% like the one in the%
% \marginpar[\hfill\csname gmp@box\endcsname]{\csname gmp@box\endcsname}%
% margin is printed.  The same will happen in presence of compilation
% errors, precisely when the proper \textsc{mps} file is not found.
%
% When using the \texttt{noshellescape} option, it may happen that
% after a compilation the objects are misplaced, for example if some
% new object has been added; running \MP{} on the created files and
% another \LaTeX{} run should fix this. The default option is
% \texttt{noshellescape}.
%
%
% \subsection{\texttt{write} and \texttt{nowrite}}
%
% The \texttt{nowrite} option is useful when all \MP{} objects are
% present in the document, they are in their final form and all of
% them have been processed.  By setting the \texttt{nowrite} option,
% no writing of \MP{} files and no compilation take place, speeding up
% the process.  I would have called this option \texttt{final} and its
% contrary \texttt{draft}, but this usage conflicts with the workings
% of \textsf{graphicx}. The default option is \texttt{write}, so it's
% not necessary to specify it.
%
%
% \subsection{\texttt{envname}}
%
% You can change the name of the environment for the \MP{} objects;
% the default is \texttt{mpost}.  If you don't like it or you want this
% name for your favorite environment, you can say
% \begin{flushleft}
% \texttt{envname=}\meta{string}
% \end{flushleft}
% and \meta{string} will be used for introducing \MP{} objects. This
% key must be specified only as a package option, not in the argument
% of \cmdname{gmpoptions}.\footnote{Actually it can be in
% \cmdname{gmpoptions}, but there it has no effect.}
%
%
% \subsection{\texttt{extension}}
%
% If the root \LaTeX{} file is called \texttt{file}, then the compiled
% \textsc{mps} files will be named
% \texttt{file+mp}\meta{number}\texttt{.mps}. The string \texttt{+mp} is
% the \emph{mp-extension}, which can be modified by saying
% \begin{flushleft}
% \texttt{extension=}\meta{string}
% \end{flushleft}
% in the options to \textsf{gmp}; the \meta{string} should consist only
% of printable ASCII characters with no special meaning to \TeX{}. So,
% with a main file called \texttt{paper.tex}, the created files will be
% named \texttt{paper+mp0001.mp} and so on; with
%\begin{verbatim}
%\gmpoptions{extension=--mp--}
%\end{verbatim}
% the names will be \texttt{paper--mp--0001.mp} and so on. \emph{Don't
%   use a slash} in the mp-extension! Leave this option to the default
% value, unless you happen to have files whose name contains the string
% \texttt{+mp}.
%
%
% \subsection{\texttt{everymp}}
%
% Here you can set whatever you want to be present in all \MP{}
% objects, for example input files.  Any set of \MP{} statements
% can be given in braces, for example
%\begin{verbatim}
%everymp={input boxes;}
%\end{verbatim}
% Since these are \MP{} statements, don't forget the trailing
% semicolon. If you have a long list of \MP{} macros that should be
% loaded for each picture, it's better to save them in a file and input
% this one with the \texttt{everymp} key. When your document uses font
% packages, you may need to say
%\begin{verbatim}
%everymp={prologues=3;}
%\end{verbatim}
% so that your \textsc{mps} files will contain correct references to
% the fonts; this is automatically done when the typesetting engine is
% \XeLaTeX{}.
%
% \subsection{\texttt{clean=none\string|aux\string|mp}}
%
% After the compilation, there will be many auxiliary files around. The
% essential ones are only those necessary for the picture inclusion,
% namely the \textsc{mps} or \textsc{pdf} final results. With
% \texttt{clean=none} nothing will be removed, with \texttt{clean=aux}
% the files with extension \texttt{.log}, \texttt{.mpx} and
% \texttt{.mpo} created during the \MP{} runs will be deleted. Also the
% \texttt{.mp} files will be deleted with \texttt{clean=mp}; this option
% will erase also the \texttt{.mps} files when \XeLaTeX{} is used.
%
% Some strange files will remain, particularly when there's some error
% during one of the \MP{} runs; this is why I chose not to delete them.
% It's best to use \texttt{clean=none}, which is the default, at the
% beginning, changing to \texttt{clean=aux} when everything seems to be
% alright and \texttt{clean=mp} for the last check before setting
% \texttt{nowrite}.
%
% In case you are worried about what files will be deleted, run with the
% \texttt{noshellescape} options and have a look at the shell script
% that's created: it will show at its end the remove commands that will
% be run. Or just don't set anything, so that \texttt{clean=none} will
% be in force.
%
%
% \subsection{\texttt{rmcommand}}
%
% The default command for cleaning the directory is \texttt{rm~-f}. Of
% course this is system dependent and those on
% Windows$^{\scriptscriptstyle\mathrm{TM}}$ systems might want to set
% \texttt{rmcommand=del}.
%
% \subsection{\texttt{postrmcommand}}
% The value of the key \texttt{postrmcommand} is usually empty; you can
% obtain a `safe removing' by setting something like
%\begin{verbatim}
%\gmpoptions{rmcommand=mv,postrmcommand=junk}
%\end{verbatim}
% This will be translated into commands such as
%\begin{verbatim}
%mv filename+mp*.log junk
%\end{verbatim}
% so if you have a subdirectory called \texttt{junk} all the auxiliary
% files will be moved into it, instead of being deleted.
%
%
% \section{Commands}\label{commands}
%
%
% \subsection{\cmdname{gmpoptions}\marg{\meta{options}}}
%
% All package options can be given either as an optional argument to
% \cmdname{usepackage} or as an argument to \cmdname{gmpoptions}.  This
% command can be given multiple times, with cumulative effect, but only
% in the preamble. However the \texttt{envname} option has no effect
% here.
%
%
% \subsection{\cmdname{usempxclass}%
%   \oarg{\meta{options}}%
%   \marg{\meta{class}}}
%
% This has the same syntax as \cmdname{documentclass}.  Its purpose is
% to declare the class used for the runs of \TeX{} or \LaTeX{} for
% preparing the \texttt{mpx} files which \MP{} needs to draw the text
% labels.  It should be not necessary to change it from the default
% (which is \texttt{article}).  But if you are using a non standard
% class with a non standard type size (i.e., not 10, 11 or 12 point
% size), then you \emph{will need} to declare a class, otherwise your
% labels will be typeset in 10~point type.  Of course this has no effect
% for \MP{} objects where the \TeX{} format to be used is Plain~\TeX{}.
%
%
% \subsection{\cmdname{usempxpackage}%
%   \oarg{\meta{options}}%
%   \marg{\meta{package\textup(s\textup)}}}
%
% Same syntax as \cmdname{usepackage}.  It can be given multiple times
% and its effects are cumulative.  Thus, if your main text font is
% Palatino, you have to give
%\begin{verbatim}
%\usepackage{palatino}
%\usempxpackage{palatino}
%\end{verbatim}
% I chose not to modify the standard \cmdname{usepackage} command
% because some packages make no sense inside \MP{} objects and it
% would be useless and time consuming to load them.  Just think to the
% \textsf{pgf} package, for example: while a user may very well employ
% this one alongside with \textsf{gmp}, it would be very questionable to
% load \textsf{pgf} during a \LaTeX{} run to compile a \MP{} graphic
% object, albeit not forbidden.
%
% If your labels in \MP{} pictures use special characters (the accented
% ones, for instance), you \emph{must} load the \textsf{inputenc} package
% \emph{with the same option} as your main file:
%\begin{verbatim}
%...
%\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
%...
%\usepackage{gmp}
%\gmpoptions{...}
%\usempxpackage[latin1]{inputenc}
%...
%\end{verbatim}
% You can use any encoding with (\textsc{pdf})\LaTeX{}; set the
% \texttt{utf8} or \texttt{utf8x} option when your main document is
% typeset with \XeLaTeX{}.
%
% Both \cmdname{usempxpackage} and \cmdname{usempxclass} respect the
% usual scoping rules, so you can modify the class or the packages used
% for a particular \MP{} object by enclosing the commands in a group,
% for example in an environment such as \texttt{figure}.  But no, not in
% the \texttt{mpost} environment itself, sorry.
%
%
% \subsection{\cmdname{resetmpxpackages}}
%
% This command resets to empty the list of packages to be loaded,
% obeying to the normal scoping rules.
%
%
% \subsection{\cmdname{mpxcommands}\marg{\meta{commands}}}
%
% With this command you can add \LaTeX{} commands to be executed for
% every run of \MP{}, when typesetting labels; for instance, your
% favorite definitions.  Also the effect of this command is cumulative.
% Pay attention that this works only if the program used for compiling
% the \texttt{mpost} figures is \LaTeX{}.  Like the commands for
% choosing the class and the packages, this one obeys the scoping rules.
%
% \subsection{\cmdname{resetmpxcommands}}
%
% This command resets the list of commands to empty, obeying to the
% normal scoping rules.
%
%
% \subsection{\cmdname{mpdim}\marg{\meta{dimen parameter}}}
%
% This command takes as argument a length, i.e., a \LaTeX{} parameter or
% a command defined by \cmdname{newlength} or operations on lengths.
% Its output is the length in points; if the length is a rubber one, the
% `plus' and `minus' parts are ignored.  You can even use as argument an
% explicit length such as `\texttt{2cm}', although this would be
% overkill. However, you can give as argument some calculation with
% \cmdname{dimexpr} syntax, such as
%\begin{verbatim}
%\mpdim{2ex+\baselineskip}
%\mpdim{3em-1pt}
%\end{verbatim}
% which might be useful, because the \texttt{ex} and \texttt{em} units
% change with the current font size. Don't add \cmdname{relax}, it's
% automatically provided.
%
% \begin{annotation}
% \TeX{}nical note.  The command \cmdname{mpdim} works without making
% assignments, so that it is fully expandable at the moment of the
% \cmdname{write} to the \MP{} external file.  It uses internally
% \cmdname{the} and \cmdname{dimexpr}.  When the \cmdname{write} takes
% place, the command is expanded and the output is
% \begin{flushleft}
% \ttfamily
% begingroup \meta{thedimen} endgroup
% \end{flushleft}
% where \meta{thedimen} is the value of the \meta{dimen} given as
% argument.  Therefore the construction
% \cmdname{mpdim}\marg{\meta{dimen}} behaves like a number as far as
% \MP{} is concerned; for Metapost, dimensions are simply numbers and
% the units are just multipliers.
% \end{annotation}
%
%
% \subsection{\cmdname{usempost}}
%
% This command takes as its argument a string already assigned as a name
% to a \MP{} object.  Its effect is to place the graphic object where
% the command appears. The complete syntax is
% \begin{flushleft}
% \cmdname{usempost}\oarg{\meta{options}}\marg{\meta{string}}
% \end{flushleft}
% where \meta{string} is the name of an already introduced and named
% \MP{} object and \meta{options} are any options that make sense for
% the \cmdname{includegraphics} command provided by the
% \textsf{graphicx} package.
%
%
% \section{Environments}
%
% The package provides two environments, whose default names are
% \texttt{mpost} and \texttt{mpost*}. The name, however, can be changed
% in the package options, as we have already seen. In the descriptions
% below I'll use the default name.
%
% Commands in the body of the \texttt{mpost} environment \emph{are}
% interpreted and expanded and this is the main feature offered by this
% package.
%
% The main difference between \texttt{mpost} and \texttt{mpost*} is that
% in the second one there is no expansion at all: every \MP{} statement
% in the environment's body is written out as it is for subsequent
% processing. Therefore \texttt{mpost*} behaves like \texttt{emp} or
% \texttt{mpgraphics} of the respective packages, but the difference is
% that it \emph{can} go in the argument to a command. This behavior
% costs us something: \LaTeX{} environments in \MP{} labels \emph{must}
% be enclosed in a pair of braces in the same \texttt{btex...etex}
% construction. So don't say
% \begin{flushleft}\color{red}
%\begin{verbatim}
%btex ... $\begin{array}{c}a\\b\end{array}$ ... etex
%\end{verbatim}
% \end{flushleft}
% but rather
%\begin{verbatim}
%btex ... {$\begin{array}{c}a\\b\end{array}$} ... etex
%\end{verbatim}
% See later on for details. The same holds for the \texttt{mpost}
% environment, with one more little catch, see page~\pageref{btex}.
%
% There is no |\inputmpost| command: if you really need it, just
% define
%\begin{verbatim}
%\newcommand{\inputmpost}[2][1]{\begin{mpost}[#1]input #2;\end{mpost}}
%\end{verbatim}
% The \MP{} file you input this way should contain just statements
% that would go in a normal \texttt{mpost} environment.
%
%
% \section{Options to the environments}\label{envoptions}
%
% Actually, the name of the two environments provided by this package
% can be chosen by the user on a per document basis with the package
% option \texttt{envname}.  I will use the default name in the
% description. The syntax is
% \begin{flushleft}
% \cmdname{begin}\marg{mpost}\oarg{\meta{options}}\\
% \meta{\MP{} statements}\\
% \cmdname{end}\marg{mpost}\\[3ex]
% \verb|\begin{mpost*}[|\meta{options}\verb|]|\\
% \meta{\MP{} statements}\\
% \verb|\end{mpost*}|
% \end{flushleft}
%
% The \meta{options} are in the form \meta{key}\texttt{=}\meta{value}.
% They influence only the current environment and are the same for the
% two varieties (\texttt{mpost} and \texttt{mpost*}).
%
%
% \subsection{\texttt{name}}
%
% With \texttt{name=}\meta{string} you assign the object a name for
% subsequent multiple use with \cmdname{usempost}\marg{\meta{string}}.
% For example, if the object is some symbol to be employed many times, 
% you can say
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{mpost}[name=mysymbol]
%...
%\end{mpost}
%\newcommand{\mynicesymbol}{%
%  \usempost[height=.7\ht\strutbox]{mysymbol}}
%\end{verbatim}
% In this case you cannot pass arguments to the \texttt{mpost}
% environment: the object is \emph{frozen} apart from modifications with
% the optional argument to \cmdname{usempost}. In this case the symbol
% we have built with \MP{} will change size according to the current
% font size, but only by scaling.
%
% The \meta{string} used as a name should consist only of ASCII
% printable characters; no accented letters, please, just like for
% \LaTeX{} labels (those for \cmdname{label}). If you specify this key,
% then the object will not appear unless you specify also \texttt{use},
% see below. The proper place for named environments is usually the
% preamble.
%
% \begin{annotation}
% Suppose you have to write the symbol for a square wave in different
% sizes; instead of using only one \textsc{mps} graphic file and scaling
% it you may want to define a couple of them. Say, for instance, that
% you need it also in section titles, which are typeset in
% \cmdname{Large} size and bold face and that the symbol's height is the
% same as a lowercase letter. You can get the two versions which are
% automatically chosen among with the following code:
%\begin{verbatim}
%\makeatletter
%\newcommand{\sqwave}{\usempost{sqwave\f@size\f@series}}
%\newcommand{\sqwavebody}{%
%  u:=\mpdim{1ex};
%  pickup pencircle scaled \mpdim{.05em};
%  draw (0,0)--(2/3u,0)--(2/3u,u)--(u,u)--(u,0)--(5/3u,0);}
%{\normalsize
%\begin{mpost}[name=sqwave\f@size\f@series]\sqwavebody\end{mpost}
%}
%{\Large\bfseries
%\begin{mpost}[name=sqwave\f@size\f@series]\sqwavebody\end{mpost}
%}
%\makeatother
%\end{verbatim}
% Then simply say \cmdname{sqwave} when you need the symbol.  If you
% change the type size of your document, you'll get the proper symbol's
% height.  If it turns out that you need the symbol also in other
% contexts, just add other \texttt{mpost} named environments along the
% same lines.
%
% We pass the \texttt{mpost} environment two dimensions that depends on
% the context: the symbol's height will be the x-height of the current
% font, the pen's width will scale according to the em size, which is
% bigger for bold face fonts. The picture will be chosen according to
% the current value of \cmdname{f@size} (the current type size) and
% \cmdname{f@series}, which contains the font series indicator (`m' for
% medium fonts and `bx' for bold face fonts, usually). The auxiliary
% macro \cmdname{sqwavebody} contains the body of the \texttt{mpost}
% environment, so there's even no need to copy it many times.
% \end{annotation}
%
%
% \subsection{\texttt{use}}
% This is a boolean option, the default is \texttt{true} unless the
% \texttt{name} option is present.  When it is set to \texttt{true},
% the object is inserted in the place where the environment appears.  In
% order to set it to \texttt{true}, it is sufficient to say \texttt{use}
% instead of \texttt{use=true}.
%
% \subsection{\texttt{mpmem}}
% You can choose a different format for \MP{} compilation instead of
% the default Plain.  For example you can use Hans Hagen's Metafun
% package by passing the option
% \begin{flushleft}
% \texttt{mpmem=metafun}
% \end{flushleft}
%
% \subsection{\texttt{mpxprogram}}
%
% With this option, you can override the global option chosen when
% \textsf{gmp} was loaded, or with \cmdname{gmpoptions}; with
% \texttt{mpxprogram=tex} you invoke Plain \TeX{}, with
% \texttt{mpxprogram=latex} you invoke \LaTeX{} with the preamble
% defined by default or in the options to \textsf{gmp}.  There are
% presently no other choices. Use \texttt{mpxprogram=latex} (or set the
% package option \texttt{latex}) whenever you have \MP{} labels.
%
%
% \subsection{\texttt{mpxcommands}}
%
% You can pass some commands to be executed when compiling \MP{} with
% \LaTeX{} with \texttt{mpxcommands=}\meta{commands}. For instance, you 
% can say
%\begin{verbatim}
%mpxcommands={\newcommand{\C}{\mathbf{C}}}
%\end{verbatim}
% if your labels contain a \cmdname{C} command for typesetting the set
% of complex numbers in bold face type or some other useful commands.
% You may also say
%\begin{verbatim}
%mpxcommands={\input{mymacros}}
%\end{verbatim}
% and put all needed definitions inside \texttt{mymacros.tex}.  Remember
% that inside \verb|\btex...etex| constructions (see
% Section~\ref{body}), \MP{} does \emph{not} know any of your personal
% commands, since the typesetting is made during a distinct run of
% \LaTeX{}. The \LaTeX{} commands are not interpreted during the write
% to the auxiliary file, they will be during \MP{} compilation.
%
% \subsection{\texttt{mpsettings}}
%
% The value for this key is a list of \MP{} statements to be executed
% \emph{before} \texttt{beginfig}, usually for inputting \MP{}
% packages. For example, if a \MP{} object is drawn with the 
% \textsf{boxes} package, then it is necessary to say
%\begin{verbatim}
%mpsettings={input boxes;}
%\end{verbatim}
% because this package must be loaded before saying \texttt{beginfig}.
% Of course such a statement can be included also with the
% \texttt{everymp} global key.  Don't forget the trailing semicolon.
% \LaTeX{} commands are interpreted just as in the \texttt{mpost}
% environment, so it's possible to use, for example, \cmdname{mpdim}.
%
% \subsection{\texttt{runs}}
%
% The \textsf{drv} package for \MP{} requires each source file to be
% run twice; in this case set the option \texttt{runs=2}. For this
% specific package it's necessary to use also the \texttt{latex}
% option and also, of course, \texttt{mpsettings={input drv;}} in
% order to load the \MP{} package. The default value is~$1$.
%
%
% \section{The body of the \texttt{mpost} and \texttt{mpost*}
% environments}\label{body}
%
% The body of the \texttt{mpost} and \texttt{mpost*} environments
% consists of \MP{} statements with the exception of
% \texttt{beginfig(\meta{number});}, \texttt{endfig;} and
% \texttt{end}\footnote{Actually, you \emph{can} put such statements;
% but don't blame me if your computer starts choking or insulting
% you.}.
%
% The \MP{} input that will be processed consists of
% \begin{flushleft}
% \meta{\TeX{} preamble}\\
% \meta{\MP{} preamble}\\
% \texttt{beginfig(\meta{number});}\\
% \meta{body of the environment}\\
% \texttt{endfig;end}\\
% \meta{\TeX{} postamble}
% \end{flushleft}
% The \meta{body of the environment} is precisely the contents of the
% \texttt{mpost} environment you supply. The \meta{number} is assigned
% automatically and is actually irrelevant.
%
% The \meta{\TeX{} preamble} is empty if the compiler for the
% \texttt{mpx} files is \TeX{}; it is the \LaTeX{} preamble formed as
% seen before in case the compiler is \LaTeX{}.  In the latter case, the
% \meta{\TeX{} postamble} is just
%\begin{verbatim}
%verbatimtex \end{document} etex
%\end{verbatim}
% otherwise it is empty (the \MP{} interpreter knows to add
% \verb|\end| at the end of its produced \texttt{mpx} file, if
% necessary). Of course the \meta{\TeX{} preamble} is complemented by
% the declarations you supply with the previously described commands.
% Similarly, the \meta{\MP{} preamble} is usually almost empty, but
% you may add something with the methods described earlier; actually the
% only statement always added to the preamble is
%\begin{verbatim}
%outputtemplate:= "%j.mps";
%\end{verbatim}
% in order to give the resulting file a suitable name for automatic
% inclusion in the \LaTeX{} document. Don't issue such a statement
% yourself.
%
% In the \meta{body of the environment} you can put \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}
% commands as usual for \MP{} code inside \texttt{btex \meta{\TeX{}
%     material} etex}; in a \texttt{mpost} environment, however,
% \LaTeX{} commands may be embedded in the normal \MP{} statements,
% we'll call them \emph{naked}.
%
%
% \subsection{Naked \TeX{} commands in the body of
%   \texttt{mpost}}
%
% The \emph{naked} commands will be expanded in the normal way, it's up
% to you to ensure that their expansion is valid \MP{} code.  Don't
% use dimension parameters by themselves: for example, the command
% \cmdname{linewidth} is \emph{unexpandable}, so \MP{} will interpret
% it as the variable \texttt{linewidth}, which probably would be
% unknown.
%
% Suppose you want that your \MP{} graphic objects have a uniform aspect
% throughout the document, but you haven't decided yet what will be the
% final background color for a series of pictures. All you need is to
% use something like
%\begin{verbatim}
%fill p withrgbcolor \backgroundcolor;
%\end{verbatim}
% and to give in the document's preamble a definition such as
%\begin{verbatim}
%\newcommand*{\backgroundcolor}{(.124,.048,.129)}
%\end{verbatim}
% and your backgrounds will be the same in all the pictures. Of course
% there are other methods to get this result: one might say also
%\begin{verbatim}
%\gmpoptions{everymp={rgbcolor mybgcolor;
%   mybgcolor:=(.124,.048,.129)}}
%\end{verbatim}
% or write a definition file to be read via \texttt{everymp}; but I
% believe that the \emph{naked command} method is preferable from the
% point of view of a \LaTeX{} user: it requires less maintenance and is
% more direct.
%
% In order to pass length parameters to \MP{}, the \cmdname{mpdim}
% command is useful.  If you know that the parameter is a fixed length
% (such as \cmdname{linewidth}), you can use also \cmdname{the} before
% the name of the length parameter.  Beware however that most parameters
% in \LaTeX{} are defined through \cmdname{newlength} and so they are
% \emph{rubber} length, possibly having `plus' or `minus' components
% which would confuse \MP{}.  Using \cmdname{mpdim} is safer.
% Moreover, \cmdname{mpdim} accepts its argument in the usual braced
% form.
%
% Pay attention that the expansion of \cmdname{mpdim} is not only the
% length in points, but something more complicated.  Don't use it
% outside \texttt{mpost} environments.
%
% Any command whose expansion is just a string of characters can be used
% naked in a \texttt{mpost} environment; \MP{} will see the string of
% letters and it's under your responsibility that this string is
% meaningful in the context it's found. For example, after
%\begin{verbatim}
%\newcommand{\xxx}[1]{#1cm}
%\end{verbatim}
% has been given in the \LaTeX{} root file, \cmdname{xxx}\marg{2} can be
% written in a \texttt{mpost} environment, where \MP{} expects a
% numeric value; for instance,
%\begin{verbatim}
%a:=\xxx{2};
%\end{verbatim}
% would set the variable `\texttt{a}' to the value `\texttt{56.6929}',
% which are indeed two centimeters, since \MP{} works internally in
% `big~points'. Pay attention that
%\begin{verbatim}
%a:=2\xxx{2};
%\end{verbatim}
% would set the variable `\texttt{a}' to the value `\texttt{623.62192}'
% which corresponds to 22~centimeters and not to `\texttt{113.3858}'
% (i.e., 4~centimeters). The correct way to set `\texttt{a}' to 
% 4~centimeters would be \verb|a:=2*\xxx{2};|.
%
%
% \subsection{Commands inside
% \texttt{[verbatim\string|btex]...etex}}\label{btex}
%
% This is an important point where the \MP{} input in a
% \texttt{mpost} environment deviates slightly from the normal
% one. Suppose that you have to write a label inside \MP{} in the
% form
%\begin{verbatim}
%btex \textit{label} etex
%\end{verbatim}
% because you want it in italics.  We have a problem here, because the
% command \cmdname{textit} passes through a \cmdname{write}, so that it
% is expanded to something that is not what the \MP{} interpreter
% likes to see; precisely, the expansion might be something like
%\begin{verbatim}
%\protect \relax \protect \edef n{it}\protect\xdef 
%\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 {\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 }\OT1/cmr/m/n/10
%\size@update \enc@update
%\end{verbatim}
% (all on one line).  This will confuse the postprocessors that typeset
% the labels (that currently are integrated into \MP{}), either if we
% are using \LaTeX{} or, even worse, Plain \TeX{}.
%
% The solution is to write \cmdname{verbatimtex} and \cmdname{btex} 
% instead of \texttt{verbatimtex} and \texttt{btex}. The leading 
% backslash would be legal also in standard \MP{}, anyway. 
% Everything inside
%\begin{verbatim}
%\verbatimtex ... etex
%\btex ... etex
%\end{verbatim}
% is passed as is to the compiler for producing the \texttt{mpx} files
% needed by \MP{}. So the correct way to pass the label is
%\begin{verbatim}
%\btex \textit{label} etex
%\end{verbatim}
% when post-processing with \LaTeX{} and
%\begin{verbatim}
%\btex \it label etex
%\end{verbatim}
% when post-processing with Plain \TeX{}. Though using \texttt{btex}
% without a backslash has its uses, remember that eight bit characters
% \emph{must} go inside \verb|\btex...etex| or protected by
% \cmdname{unexpanded} (unless you're using \XeLaTeX{}). So, never say
% \begin{flushleft}\color{red}
% \verb|btex Cuvéé 1982 etex|
% \end{flushleft}
% but choose among the following alternatives:
%\begin{verbatim}
%\btex Cuvéé 1982 etex
%btex \unexpanded{Cuvéé} 1982 etex
%btex Cuv\unexpanded{éé} 1982 etex
%\end{verbatim}
%
% \begin{annotation}
% \TeX{}nical note.  When I started developing this package, the
% choice to write verbatim the \MP{} input was ruled out almost
% immediately, since I wanted to pass parameters from \LaTeX{} to
% \MP{}.  The verbatim method is used by \textsf{emp}, which makes
% available only two parameters given as arguments to the \texttt{emp}
% environment; for example |\begin{emp}(23,45)| puts at the user's
% disposal the two \MP{} variables `\texttt{w}' and `\texttt{h}' with
% values $23$~times and $45$~times the usual \LaTeX{} parameter
% \cmdname{unitlength}.  Passing to \MP{} the \cmdname{linewidth} is
% pretty complicated, since it requires to divide the
% \cmdname{linewidth} by the unit length.  Moreover, only two
% parameters are too few.
%
% Therefore I chose to write the \MP{} files expanding commands.  This
% works since \MP{} instructions have no backslashes in them and the
% command \cmdname{mpdim} used for passing parameters from the current
% document is especially tailored in order that its expansion is
% accepted by \MP{}.  With the obvious exception of things inside
% \texttt{btex...etex}.  The solution exploits the
% \cmdname{unexpanded} command made available by the modern \TeX{}
% engines.
%
% The construction \verb|\btex...etex| is equivalent to write
%\begin{verbatim}
%btex \unexpanded{...} etex
%\end{verbatim}
% and what is written to the \MP{} file is precisely
%\begin{verbatim}
%btex ... etex
%\end{verbatim}
% with no expansion of commands.
% \end{annotation}
%
% There is another catch: for \TeX{}nical reasons, environments in
% \verb|\btex...etex| parts cannot be used without protection.  This
% is because the \MP{} input is gathered as an argument delimited by
% \cmdname{end}.  The solution is to put the inner environments inside
% braces.  An example, taken from Hoenig~\cite[p.~416]{hoenig}, is
% found in figure~\ref{hoenigsun}, where the input is just like
% Hoenig's except for a minor correction (\texttt{3.5u} in the
% original should be \texttt{4.5u}) and having put everything inside
% \verb|\btex...etex| in braces (and writing \cmdname{btex} instead of
% \texttt{btex}, of course).
%
% \begin{figure}
% \caption{An example from Alan Hoenig's book}\label{hoenigsun}
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{mpost}[mpxprogram=latex,mpsettings={input boxes;}]
%u:=1pc; path p[]; p0=(-6u,0) -- (6u,0);
%p1=(0,-4u)--(0,4u);
%p2=(0,-4.5u)--(0,4.5u); p2:=p2 rotated -45;
%circleit mech(\btex
%{\fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
%$\begin{array}{c}
%\sigma_{ij,j}=0\\
%\sigma_{ij}=c_{ijk\ell}\epsilon_{k\ell}\\
%\epsilon_{ij}=\frac{1}{2}(u_{i,j}+u_{j,i})
%\end{array}$}
%etex);
%mech.dx=mech.dy; mech.c=origin;
%pickup pencircle scaled 1pt;
%draw p0; draw p1; draw p2; draw p2 rotated 90;
%pickup pencircle scaled u; unfilldraw bpath.mech;
%pickup pencircle scaled 1pt; drawboxed(mech);
%\end{mpost}
%\end{verbatim}
%
% \centering
% \begin{mpost}[mpxprogram=latex,mpsettings={input boxes;}]
% u:=1pc; path p[]; p0=(-6u,0) -- (6u,0);
% p1=(0,-4u)--(0,4u);
% p2=(0,-4.5u)--(0,4.5u); p2:=p2 rotated -45;
% circleit mech(\btex
% \fontsize{8}{10}\selectfont
% $\array{c}
% \sigma_{ij,j}=0\\
% \sigma_{ij}=c_{ijk\ell}\epsilon_{k\ell}\\
% \epsilon_{ij}=\frac{1}{2}(u_{i,j}+u_{j,i})
% \endarray$
% etex);
% mech.dx=mech.dy; mech.c=origin;
% pickup pencircle scaled 1pt;
% draw p0; draw p1; draw p2; draw p2 rotated 90;
% pickup pencircle scaled u; unfilldraw bpath.mech;
% pickup pencircle scaled 1pt; drawboxed(mech);
% \end{mpost}
% \end{figure}
%
% Another way to cope with this would be to write simply \cmdname{array}
% instead of \cmdname{begin}\marg{array} and \cmdname{endarray} instead
% of \cmdname{end}\marg{array}, which is how the \texttt{mpost}
% environment for this example has actually been written.
%
%
% \section{Definitions using the \texttt{mpost} environment}
%
% Some examples have already been presented, but it's best to
% underline again that the environment can go inside the replacement
% text of a definition; don't use \cmdname{mpost} and
% \cmdname{endmpost}, though, just |\begin{mpost}| and
% |\end{mpost}|. Commands defined this way are \emph{fragile}: don't
% use them in moving arguments. As an example, we can use a variation
% on a drawing from~\cite{hoenig}:
%\begin{verbatim}
%\newcommand{\squares}[2][black]{%
%  \begin{mpost}
%  boolean timetofillbox;
%  sfactor:=.95;
%  path p,q; u:=\mpdim{#2\textwidth}/2;
%  p := (u,u) -- (-u,u) -- (-u,-u) -- (u,-u) -- cycle;
%  theta := 0; dtheta := .005;
%  forever:
%    theta := theta+dtheta;
%    q := p scaled sfactor rotated theta;
%    exitif ypart(point 0 of q) > u;
%  endfor;
%  fill p withrgbcolor #1; timetofillbox:=false;
%  for i:=1 upto 51:
%    p := p scaled sfactor rotated theta;
%    if timetofillbox:
%      fill p withrgbcolor #1; timetofillbox:=false;
%    else:
%      fill p withrgbcolor white-#1; timetofillbox:=true;
%    fi
%  endfor
%  \end{mpost}}
%\end{verbatim}
% The optional argument is an \textsc{rgb} color, either with a
% predefined name such as \texttt{black} (default) or a triple such as
% \texttt{(.165,.325,.553)}; the second argument is the size of the
% square, expressed as a fraction of \cmdname{textwidth}, for example
% \texttt{0.8}. In figure~\ref{squares} you get three variations input
% as
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
%\centering\offinterlineskip
%\squares{.4}\squares[(.165,.325,.553)]{.4}\\
%\squares[(.835,.685,.447)]{.8}
%\end{minipage}
%\end{verbatim}
% that also show how \textsf{gmp} uses the hi-res bounding box provided
% by \MP{}.
%
% \begin{figure}
% \medskip
% \begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
% \centering\offinterlineskip
% \squares{.4}\squares[(.165,.325,.553)]{.4}\\
% \squares[(.835,.685,.447)]{.8}
% \end{minipage}
% \medskip
% \caption{Squares taken from Hoenig's book}\label{squares}
% \end{figure}
%
%
% \section{The \texttt{mpost*} environment}
%
% No command in the body of the \texttt{mpost*} environment will be
% interpreted in any special way, so don't use them except than
% encapsulated into \texttt{btex...etex}. Here there's no need to write
% \cmdname{btex}, but it doesn't hurt either. It's however necessary to
% hide inside braces the \LaTeX{} command \cmdname{end} like for the
% sibling environment \texttt{mpost}. It's possible to pass variables to
% the picture from the \LaTeX{} context by exploiting the option
% \texttt{mpsettings}: for example, with a prologue such as
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{mpost*}[mpsettings{u:=\mpdim{\unitlength}}]
%\end{verbatim}
% you'll be able to use in the \MP{} code the variable $u$ which will be
% set to the current \cmdname{unitlength} (don't say \texttt{save u;} in
% the \MP{} code, of course).
%
% The \texttt{mpost*} environment \emph{can} go inside the argument
% to a command.
%
%
% \section{\XeLaTeX{} and \textsf{gmp}}
%
% The present package is compatible with \XeLaTeX{}; in this case it
% performs also a conversion to \textsc{pdf} of the \textsc{mps} file
% for inclusion. There are some limitations, though: it's impossible to
% typeset labels to pictures with system fonts, as it would be in the
% main document. Indeed \MP{} can't use \XeTeX{} for typesetting the
% labels, only \LaTeX{}; this limitation is in \MP{}, we hope that in
% the future it will be removed. If your main font is Linux Libertine,
% for instance, you can typeset labels by saying
%\begin{verbatim}
%\usempxpackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%\usempxpackage{libertine}
%\end{verbatim}
% (possibly passing some option to the latter package). Many fonts that
% you can use with \XeLaTeX{} can also be used in \LaTeX{}, of course
% without access to the full character set.
%
%
% \section{Examples}
%
% Let's try some weird input with foreign characters.
%\begin{verbatim}
%\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
%...
%\usempxpackage[latin1]{inputenc}
%...
%\begin{center}
%\begin{mpost}[mpxprogram=latex]
%label(\btex àèü etex, origin);
%draw fullcircle xscaled 1.5cm yscaled 2\mpdim\baselineskip;
%\end{mpost}
%\end{center}
%\end{verbatim}
% \begin{center}
% \usempxpackage[latin1]{inputenc}
% \begin{mpost}[mpxprogram=latex]
% label(\btex àèü etex, origin);
% draw fullcircle xscaled 1.5cm yscaled 2\mpdim\baselineskip;
% \end{mpost}
% \end{center}
% Always use the same option to \textsf{inputenc} as your main
% file or, if you are working with \XeLaTeX{}, 
%\begin{verbatim}
%\usempxpackage[utf8]{inputenc}
%\end{verbatim}
% in your document's preamble. Also \texttt{utf8x} is acceptable, of
% course, in this case.
%
% Let's see instead a case where expansion in a \texttt{btex...etex}
% construction is needed: we want to enclose numbers, colored in white,
% inside an elliptical gray background.  The vertical axis of the
% ellipse should be as high as the baseline skip and it should be a
% circle if the number has only one digit; the additional problem is
% that the number can be given as the representation of some counter
% (for example \texttt{enumi}, a possible application is evident).
%\begin{verbatim}
%\newcounter{mycount}
%\newlength{\mylen}
%\newcommand{\circleit}[2][]{\settowidth{\mylen}{#2}%
%  \begin{mpost}[mpxprogram=latex]
%    fill fullcircle 
%      xscaled max(\mpdim{\mylen+6pt},\mpdim{\baselineskip})
%      yscaled \mpdim{\baselineskip}
%      withcolor .4white;
%    draw thelabel(btex \unexpanded{#1}#2 etex, origin)
%      withcolor white;
%  \end{mpost}}
%
%\circleit{\themycount}\quad
%\setcounter{mycount}{3}\circleit{\themycount}\quad
%\setcounter{mycount}{12}\circleit{\themycount}\quad
%\renewcommand{\themycount}{\roman{mycount}}%
%\circleit{\themycount}\quad
%\circleit{44}\quad
%\renewcommand{\themycount}{\arabic{mycount}}%
%\circleit[\sffamily]{\themycount}
%\end{verbatim}
% \begin{center}
% \newcounter{mycount}
% \newlength{\mylen}
% \newcommand{\circleit}[2][]{\settowidth{\mylen}{#2}%
%   \begin{mpost}[mpxprogram=latex]
%     fill fullcircle 
%       xscaled max(\mpdim{\mylen+6pt},\mpdim{\baselineskip})
%       yscaled \mpdim{\baselineskip}
%       withcolor .4white;
%     draw thelabel(btex \unexpanded{#1}#2 etex, origin)
%       withcolor white;
%   \end{mpost}}
% \circleit{\themycount}\quad
% \setcounter{mycount}{3}\circleit{\themycount}\quad
% \setcounter{mycount}{12}\circleit{\themycount}\quad
% \renewcommand{\themycount}{\roman{mycount}}%
% \circleit{\themycount}\quad
% \circleit{44}\quad
% \renewcommand{\themycount}{\arabic{mycount}}%
% \circleit[\sffamily]{\themycount}
% \end{center}
%
% In this case we \emph{want} that what is inside \texttt{btex...etex}
% is expanded, in case it is \cmdname{themycount}.  Of course we have to
% be sure that the expansion of the command consists only of 
% characters. So, for example,
%\begin{verbatim}
%\renewcommand{\themycount}{\textsf{\arabic{mycount}}}
%\end{verbatim}
% would not work for the last example.  This is the reason for having
% defined an optional argument to \cmdname{circleit}.  The trick of
% using this argument in \cmdname{unexpanded} keeps every program happy
% and the label is typeset correctly.  More fun for the \TeX{}ackers!
%
%
% \section{Conversion from \textsf{emp}}
%
% It's quite easy to convert old files that use \textsf{emp} without
% changing too much; a typical \texttt{emp} environment is
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{emp}[xyz](15,30)
%...;
%\end{emp}
%\end{verbatim}
% where the dots stand for \MP{} statements and \texttt{xyz} is the name
% for subsequent use. This may be transformed into
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{mpost}[name=xyz,use]
%w:=\mpdim{15\unitlength};
%h:=\mpdim{30\unitlength};
%...;
%\end{mpost}
%\end{verbatim}
% An \texttt{empgraph} environment such as
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{empgraph}[xyz](15,30)
%...;
%\end{empgraph}
%\end{verbatim}
% must be transformed into
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{mpost}[name=xyz,use](15,30)
%w:=\mpdim{15\unitlength};
%h:=\mpdim{30\unitlength};
%draw begingraph(w,h);
%...;
%endgraph;
%\end{mpost}
%\end{verbatim}
% Remember to change all \texttt{btex} into \texttt{\string\btex} and
% the auxiliary commands into the similar ones of \textsf{gmp}: it
% should be almost straightforward. If people ask for it, I might add a
% compatibility layer for \textsf{emp}.
%
% Alternatively, the first case might be treated as
%\begin{verbatim}
%\begin{mpost*}[name=xyz,
%  mpsettings={w:=\mpdim{15\unitlength};
%    h:=\mpdim{30\unitlength};}]
%...;
%\end{mpost*}
%\end{verbatim}
% You might prefer this strategy if you have many \texttt{btex...etex}
% pairs. Look out for \cmdname{end} commands, though: if not properly
% braced, they will confuse the processing of the environment's content.
%
% \StopEventually{
% \begin{thebibliography}{1}
%
% \bibitem{hagen-metafun}%
% Hans Hagen, Metafun,
% \url{http://www.pragma-ade.nl/general/manuals/metafun-p.pdf}
%
% \bibitem{hoenig}%
% Alan Hoenig, \emph{\TeX{} unbound}, Oxford University Press, Oxford
% and New York, 1998.
%
% \bibitem{peter2005}%
% Steve Peter, ``\cmdname{starttext}, Swelled Rules and \MP{}'', The 
% Prac\TeX{} Journal, n.~4 (2005).
%
% \end{thebibliography}
% }
%
% \section{Implementation}
%
% Before doing anything, we check that the engine knows about
% |\unexpanded| and |\dimexpr|; otherwise we say good-bye.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\@ifundefined{eTeXversion}{%
  \PackageError{gmp}{This package requires a e-TeX extensions}
    {The gmp package requires a modern TeX engine, please upgrade}%
  \endinput}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% We need \textsf{xkeyval} for its key-value interface. Then we define
% some conditional for later usage and the package options.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RequirePackage{xkeyval}[2005/01/30]

\newif\ifgmp@latex % true if always using latex for mpx
\newif\ifgmp@locallatex % true if using latex for mpx for a 
                        % single figure

\newif\ifgmp@nogen % true if we are not generating the mps files
\newif\ifgmp@nowrite % true if we are not writing the mp files
\newif\ifgmp@warn % true if we are issuing the final message

\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{tex}{\def\gmp@mpxprogram{tex}%
  \gmp@latexfalse\gmp@locallatexfalse}
\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{latex}{\def\gmp@mpxprogram{latex}%
  \gmp@latextrue\gmp@locallatextrue}

\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{noshellescape}{\gmp@nogentrue}
\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{shellescape}{\gmp@nogenfalse}

\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{nowrite}{\gmp@nowritetrue}
\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{write}{\gmp@nowritefalse}

\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{envname}{\def\gmp@envname{#1}}
\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{extension}{\def\gmp@ext{#1}}

\def\gmp@preoptions{}
\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{everymp}{\edef\gmp@preoptions{\gmp@preoptions^^J#1}}

\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{clean}{\def\gmp@clean{#1}}

\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{rmcommand}{\def\gmp@remove{#1}}
\DeclareOptionX<ggmp>{postrmcommand}{\def\gmp@postremove{#1}}

\def\gmp@jobname{\jobname}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now we set the default options: the mpx program is \TeX{}; we write
% out the auxiliary files and do not assume shell-escape; no cleaning
% after compilation of the \MP{} files; default environment names are
% \texttt{mpost} and \texttt{mpost*}; default mp-extension is
% \texttt{+mp}. Then we read the package options.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ExecuteOptionsX<ggmp>{tex,noshellescape,write,clean=none}
\ExecuteOptionsX<ggmp>{envname=mpost,extension=+mp,
  rmcommand=rm -f,postrmcommand={}}
\ProcessOptionsX<ggmp>\relax
%    \end{macrocode}
% We need some auxiliary packages, they'll probably be loaded anyway,
% with the exception of \textsf{environ} that's employed for the
% \texttt{mpost*} environment, but has no known incompatibility.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\RequirePackage{graphicx}
\RequirePackage{ifpdf}
\RequirePackage{ifxetex}
\RequirePackage{environ}
%    \end{macrocode}
% With \XeLaTeX{} we need to run epstopdf; we don't support
% Lua\LaTeX{}, because looking at shell-escape is useless, at the
% moment, even via Heiko Oberdiek's \textsf{pdftexcmds} (at least for
% the time being).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifxetex
  \let\gmp@shellescape\shellescape
  \def\gmp@preoptions{prologues:=3;^^J}
\else
  \ifdefined\pdfshellescape % (pdf)latex
    \let\gmp@shellescape\pdfshellescape
  \else % lualatex
    \chardef\gmp@shellescape=\z@
    \gmp@nogentrue
  \fi
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% We define some warning messages; in some cases the message enables
% or disables other messages.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gmp@msgdisallowed{\PackageWarningNoLine{gmp}{Compilation and
  writing of MetaPost files has been\MessageBreak disallowed by the
  `nowrite' option}\gdef\gmp@nemessage{}}
\def\gmp@msgnonexistent{\PackageWarning{gmp}{Non existent MetaPost
  file requested}\ifgmp@warn\else\global\gmp@warntrue\fi}
\def\gmp@msgrequestx{\PackageWarningNoLine{gmp}{The MetaPost file you
  requested does not exist,\MessageBreak perhaps by a compilation
  error}}
\def\gmp@msgremember{\PackageWarningNoLine{gmp}{Remember to run `sh
  \gmp@jobname\gmp@ext.sh' and rerun (pdf)LaTeX}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% The following lines are to avoid spurious messages, opening and 
% writing of files if the user has not activated the shell escape 
% feature but has given the shell-escape option.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gmp@msgensure{%
  \PackageWarningNoLine{gmp}{Ensure that you have enabled the shell
    escape feature, or\MessageBreak you can be in trouble. The 
    available MetaPost generated\MessageBreak files will be used
    anyway. Use option `nowrite' if they\MessageBreak are already
    in final form}%
  \let\gmp@message\@gobble
  \let\gmp@writexviii\@gobble
  \def\gmp@openout##1##2\@nil{}%
  \let\gmp@write\@gobbletwo
  \let\gmp@closeout\@gobble}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Now we define some abbreviations for primitive actions, so that we
% are able to change their meaning at will.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\let\gmp@message\message
\def\gmp@writexviii{\immediate\write18 }
\def\gmp@openout#1#2\@nil{\immediate\openout#1#2}
\def\gmp@write{\immediate\write}
\def\gmp@closeout{\immediate\closeout}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\gmp@command}
% Here we define the main internal macro, |\gmp@command|, which has
% different definitions depending on the package options. If the
% \texttt{nowrite} option is valid, there's even no need for it;
% otherwise it must behave differently: if we are doing immediate
% compilation via shell-escape it must act by emitting
% |\gmp@writexviii|, otherwise it must write the command in the batch
% file to be run after the \LaTeX{} run. In the latter case we also
% open an output stream and write a prologue on it.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gmp@setupmacros{%
\ifgmp@nowrite
  \let\gmp@nemessage\gmp@msgdisallowed
\else
  \ifgmp@nogen
    \let\gmp@nemessage\gmp@msgnonexistent
    \def\gmp@command{%
        mpost \ifx\gmp@mpmem\empty\else\space\gmp@mpmem\space\fi}%
    \newwrite\gmp@shellout
    \immediate\openout\gmp@shellout=\gmp@jobname\gmp@ext.sh%
    \immediate\write\gmp@shellout{\string##!/bin/sh}%
    \def\gmp@shellcommand##1{\immediate\write\gmp@shellout{##1}}%
    \AtEndDocument{\ifgmp@warn\gmp@msgremember\gmp@warnfalse\fi}%
  \else
    \let\gmp@nemessage\gmp@msgrequestx
    \ifnum\gmp@shellescape=\@ne
      \def\gmp@command{%
        mpost -interaction=nonstopmode %
        \ifx\gmp@mpmem\empty\else\space\gmp@mpmem\space\fi}%
      \def\gmp@shellcommand##1{%
        \gmp@message{^^J(gmp) Doing external command^^J(gmp) \string"}%
        \gmp@writexviii{echo ##1'\string"'}\gmp@writexviii{##1}%
      }%
    \else
      \gmp@msgensure\let\gmp@shellcommand\@gobble
    \fi
  \fi
\fi
}
\gmp@setupmacros
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\gmpoptions}
% Next we define |\gmpoptions| which can be used to set package
% options in a more friendly way. However we disallow it outside the
% preamble, because otherwise the status of the macros would not be
% predictable.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gmpoptions#1{\setkeys{ggmp}{#1}\gmp@setupmacros}
\@onlypreamble\gmpoptions
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% We next define a standard \LaTeX{} preamble for mpx.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gmp@latexpreamble{%^^J%
  \gmp@percent\string&latex^^J%
  \string\documentclass[1\@ptsize pt]{article}^^J%
  \ifx\empty\gmp@packages\else\the\gmp@packages^^J\fi%
  \ifx\empty\gmp@commands\else\the\gmp@commands^^J\fi%
  \string\begin{document}^^J}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\usempxclass}\begin{macro}{\usempxpackage}
% If one wants a non standard \LaTeX{} class, the command
% |\usempxclass|, with the same syntax as |\documentclass|, is
% provided. Similarly for |\usempxpackage|; |\resetmpxpackages| clears
% out the loading of packages.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand\usempxclass[2][]{%
  \def\gmp@latexpreamble{^^J%
    \gmp@percent\string&latex^^J%
    \string\documentclass[#1]{#2}^^J%
    \ifx\empty\gmp@packages\else\the\gmp@packages^^J\fi%
    \ifx\empty\gmp@commands\else\the\gmp@commands^^J\fi%
    \string\begin{document}^^J}}
\newtoks\gmp@packages
\newcommand\usempxpackage[2][]{%
  \gmp@packages=\expandafter{\the\gmp@packages^^J%
    \usepackage[#1]{#2}}}
\newcommand\resetmpxpackages{\gmp@packages={}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}\end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\mpxcommands}
% With |\mpxcommands| one can insert definitions to be used for \MP{}
% label composition: these are seen only if \LaTeX{} is used for
% mpx. There's also |\resetmpxcommands| in case of need.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newtoks\gmp@commands
\newcommand\mpxcommands[1]{%
  \gmp@commands=\expandafter{\the\gmp@commands^^J%
    #1}}
\newcommand\resetmpxcommands{\gmp@commands={}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\mpdim}
% The |\mpdim| macro is used in the \texttt{mpost} environment or in
% the value of the key \texttt{mpsettings} for passing length
% depending on current conditions. We exploit |\dimexpr| that strips
% out possible `elastic' components and allows for doing
% calculations. The result is written out surrounded by
% \texttt{begingroup} and \texttt{endgroup} that make the number
% obtained look like a variable at \MP's eyes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\mpdim#1{ begingroup \the\dimexpr#1\relax\space endgroup }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% Now we start the hard task of writing out the auxiliary files. So we
% define an output stream and a counter that keeps track of the figure
% names; in order to know the total number of the pictures, at
% end-of-document we define an internal label which is currently
% unused, though.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newwrite\gmp@out
\newcounter{gmp@count}
\AtEndDocument{%
  \refstepcounter{gmp@count}%
  \label{gmp@finallabel}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{environment}{mpost}
% The \texttt{mpost} environment (but the name can be set at package
% loading) must read the `local options' given as an optional argument
% as the usual list of key-value statements. First of all it must step
% the \MP{} figure counter and set a label for it for subsequent
% calling of the graphics, then we grab the option given to the
% environment.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newenvironment{\gmp@envname}[1][]
  {\@bsphack
   \global\gmp@usefalse
   \refstepcounter{gmp@count}\label{gmp@label@\thegmp@count}%
   \bgroup
   \edef\gmp@number{\thegmp@count}%
   \gmp@grab{#1}}
  {\@esphack}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% \begin{environment}{mpost*}
% The \texttt{mpost*} environment writes out its contents without
% \TeX{} macro expansion; we simply use \texttt{mpost}: so we gather
% the optional argument into a scratch token register, collect the
% body of the environment and pass it to the |\gmp@writeunex| macro
% which calls |\begin{mpost}| (possibly with the name chosen by the
% user), to which are passed the options. The first |\unexpanded| is
% removed by |\edef|, the second one by the writing process.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gmp@writeunex#1{\begingroup
  \edef\x{\endgroup\noexpand\begin{\gmp@envname}[\the\toks@]%
    \unexpanded{\unexpanded{#1}}\noexpand\end{\gmp@envname}}\x}
\newenvironment{\gmp@envname*}[1][]
  {\toks@{#1}\Collect@Body\gmp@writeunex}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{environment}
% Here we define the key-value interface for the options to the
% environments, with some auxiliary macros and conditionals;
% |\gmp@fourdigits| is used for the output file names, we think that
% more than $9999$ pictures are difficult to be present for a single
% file; but this will not limit at all the user's possibilities.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gmp@fourdigits#1{%
  \ifnum#1<10   0\fi
  \ifnum#1<100  0\fi
  \ifnum#1<1000 0\fi\number #1}
\def\gmp@not@a@name@{@not@a@name@}
\def\gmp@choosetex{\gmp@locallatexfalse}
\def\gmp@chooselatex{\gmp@locallatextrue}
\def\gmp@doiflatex#1{\ifgmp@latex#1\else\ifgmp@locallatex#1\fi\fi}
\def\gmp@mpmem{}
\newif\ifgmp@use
\define@key{gmp}{name}[@not@a@name@]{%
  \def\gmp@thisname{#1}%
  \expandafter\xdef\csname gmp@fig#1\endcsname
    {\gmp@fourdigits{\gmp@number}}}
\define@key{gmp}{use}[true]{\global\csname gmp@use#1\endcsname}
\define@key{gmp}{mpmem}{\def\gmp@mpmem{-mem #1}}
\define@key{gmp}{mpsettings}{\edef\gmp@preoptions{\gmp@preoptions^^J#1}}
\define@key{gmp}{mpxcommands}{%
  \gmp@commands=\expandafter{\the\gmp@commands^^J#1}}
\define@key{gmp}{mpxprogram}{%
  \def\gmp@mpxprogram{#1}%
  \csname gmp@choose#1\endcsname}
\define@key{gmp}{runs}{\chardef\gmp@runs=#1\relax}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\gmp@grab}
% The |\gmp@grab| macro sets the value of the keys; the \texttt{name}
% must be initially empty and the number of runs should be~$1$. The
% conditional |\if@gmpuse| is set to false at the beginning of the
% environment, and to true when \texttt{use} is given or when there's
% no name. Finally the macro calls |\gmp@innermpost|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gmp@grab#1{%
  \setkeys{gmp}{name}%
  \setkeys{gmp}{runs=1}%
  \setkeys{gmp}{#1}%
  \ifx\gmp@thisname\gmp@not@a@name@
    \global\gmp@usetrue
  \fi
  \gmp@setup\gmp@innermpost}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% Before defining the macro responsible for the task of writing out
% the \MP{} files, we do some housekeeping.
%
% We ensure that the character we need are written correctly in the
% \MP{} files; so we define a `printing' percent sign and change the
% category code of characters that might be made active by
% \textsf{babel} or other packages. The semicolon is made active: it
% will output a semicolon followed by a new line character; in the
% environment |\par| means `go to a new line', so that empty lines in
% a \texttt{mpost} environment will cause a new line in the output
% file. However this doesn't work currently for \texttt{mpost}
% environments given as arguments to other commands; since the normal
% buffer size is around $50\,000$, this should not be a problem.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup\@makeother\%\def\x{\endgroup\def\gmp@percent{%}}\x
\def\gmp@activesc{\catcode`\;=\active
  \begingroup\lccode`\~=`\;
  \lowercase{\endgroup\edef~}{\string;^^J}}
\def\gmp@otherchars{\do\!\do\=\do\:\do\"\do\?\do\'\do\`\do\|}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\gmp@setup}
% The following macro |\gmp@setup| starts writing the output files,
% after setting category codes and something else; it doesn't write
% anything if the option \texttt{nowrite} is in force, otherwise
% writes a prologue and all needed preliminaries, up to
% \texttt{beginfig(}\meta{number}\texttt{)}; this number is actually
% irrelevant, because we use \texttt{outputtemplate}, but it should
% correspond to the number appearing in the name of the output file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\gmp@setup{%
  \let\do\@makeother\gmp@otherchars\newlinechar=`\^^J
  \gmp@activesc
  \def\par{^^J}%
  \ifgmp@nowrite\else
    \edef\@temp{\gmp@jobname\gmp@ext\gmp@fourdigits{\gmp@number}.mp}%
    \expandafter\gmp@openout\expandafter\gmp@out\@temp\@nil
    \gmp@write\gmp@out{%
      \gmp@percent\gmp@percent\space
        Do not edit, this file has been generated^^J%
      \gmp@percent\gmp@percent\space
        automatically by \jobname.tex via gmp.sty^^J^^J%
      \gmp@doiflatex{verbatimtex\gmp@latexpreamble etex;^^J}%
      \ifx\empty\gmp@preoptions\else\gmp@preoptions^^J\fi%
      outputtemplate:= "\gmp@percent j.mps";^^J%
      beginfig(\gmp@number);%^^J%
    }%
  \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\gmp@innermpost}
% This is the central macro which collects the body of the
% environment; we chose to use |\end| as delimiter so that the
% environment can be used inside other arguments or definitions; maybe
% it's not the best way to do this, but other than requiring
% protection of |\end| commands inside the environment seems to have
% no side effects. The environment's content is written out to the
% \MP{} file, followed by \texttt{endfig;} and \texttt{end}; if
% \LaTeX{} is used for the labels, also the closing statements are
% added (though they are not strictly necessary). Then
% |\gmp@shellcommand| is performed one or more times according to the
% value of \texttt{runs}. It will run \MP{} stopping \LaTeX{}
% momentarily or write the command to the shell script, according to
% the current package options. In the case of \XeLaTeX{} it will also
% call or write for a run of \textsf{epstopdf}. Finally, it executes
% |\end{mpost}| and uses the object if it has been requested to do,
% that is, if |\ifgmp@use| is true.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\def\gmp@innermpost#1\end#2{%
  \ifgmp@nowrite\else
    \gmp@write\gmp@out{%
      #1^^Jendfig;^^Jend.%
      \gmp@doiflatex{^^Jverbatimtex^^J\string\end{document}^^Jetex}}%
    \gmp@closeout\gmp@out
    \count@=\gmp@runs
    \loop\ifnum\count@>\z@
      \gmp@shellcommand{\gmp@command\space 
        -tex=\gmp@mpxprogram\space\gmp@jobname\gmp@ext
        \gmp@fourdigits{\gmp@number}}%
    \advance\count@\m@ne
    \repeat
    \ifxetex
      \gmp@shellcommand{epstopdf --hires \gmp@jobname\gmp@ext
        \gmp@fourdigits{\gmp@number}.mps}%
    \fi
  \fi
  \egroup
  \end{#2}\ifgmp@use
  \gmp@usempost{\thegmp@count}\fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}{\usempost}
% The macros for using the compiled pictures are almost straightforward:
% the files will have extension \texttt{.mps} for \LaTeX{} or
% \textsc{pdf}\LaTeX{} and \texttt{.pdf} for \XeLaTeX{}. We check that
% they exist and load them or issue a warning.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifxetex
  \def\gmp@usempost#1{%
    \edef\gmp@thempsfile{\gmp@jobname\gmp@ext\gmp@fourdigits{#1}}%
    \IfFileExists{\gmp@thempsfile.pdf}%
    {\includegraphics{\gmp@thempsfile.pdf}}%
    {\gmp@nemessage\gmp@box}}
  \newcommand\usempost[2][]{%
    \IfFileExists{\gmp@jobname\gmp@ext\csname gmp@fig#2\endcsname.pdf}%
    {\includegraphics[#1]
      {\gmp@jobname\gmp@ext\csname gmp@fig#2\endcsname.pdf}}%
    {\gmp@nemessage\gmp@box}}
\else
  \def\gmp@usempost#1{%
    \edef\gmp@thempsfile{\gmp@jobname\gmp@ext\gmp@fourdigits{#1}}%
    \IfFileExists{\gmp@thempsfile.mps}%
    {\includegraphics[hiresbb]{\gmp@thempsfile.mps}}%
    {\gmp@nemessage\gmp@box}}
\newcommand\usempost[2][]{%
  \IfFileExists{\gmp@jobname\gmp@ext\csname gmp@fig#2\endcsname.mps}%
  {\includegraphics[hiresbb,#1]
    {\gmp@jobname\gmp@ext\csname gmp@fig#2\endcsname.mps}}%
  {\gmp@nemessage\gmp@box}}
\fi
\def\gmp@box{\fbox{\@ifundefined{color}{}{\color{red}}MP}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% Now we clean up our directory from the auxiliary files, at the
% user's request, of course. The \texttt{clean} keyword may be
% specified in the package options or in |\gmpoptions| to have a value
% among |none|, |aux|, or |mp|.
%
% At end document we look at the value of this key and do what's
% desired by the user. If the value is not recognized we issue a
% warning and act as if |clean=none| had been given; otherwise we
% execute the requested command or write them in the batch script.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtEndDocument{%
  \@ifundefined{gmp@doclean@\gmp@clean}
    {\expandafter\gmp@badcleaning\expandafter{\gmp@clean}}
    {\@nameuse{gmp@doclean@\gmp@clean}}}
\def\gmp@badcleaning#1{\PackageWarningNoLine{gmp}{%
  Wrong cleaning option `clean=#1'; `clean=none' used}}
\def\gmp@doclean@none{}
\def\gmp@doclean@aux{%
  \gmp@shellcommand{\gmp@remove\space
    \jobname\gmp@ext*.log\space\gmp@postremove}%
  \gmp@shellcommand{\gmp@remove\space
    \jobname\gmp@ext*.mpx\space\gmp@postremove}%
  \gmp@shellcommand{\gmp@remove\space
    \jobname\gmp@ext*.mpo\space\gmp@postremove}%
    }
\def\gmp@doclean@mp{%
  \gmp@shellcommand{\gmp@remove\space
    \jobname\gmp@ext*.log\space\gmp@postremove}%
  \gmp@shellcommand{\gmp@remove\space
    \jobname\gmp@ext*.mpx\space\gmp@postremove}%
  \gmp@shellcommand{\gmp@remove\space
    \jobname\gmp@ext*.mpo\space\gmp@postremove}%
  \gmp@shellcommand{\gmp@remove\space
    \jobname\gmp@ext*.mp\space\gmp@postremove}%
  \ifxetex
    \gmp@shellcommand{\gmp@remove\space
    \jobname\gmp@ext*.mps\space\gmp@postremove}%
  \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \begin{macro}{\verbatimtex}\begin{macro}{\btex}
% Final definition for not expanding macros in the \MP{} labels.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\def\verbatimtex#1etex{verbatimtex \unexpanded{#1} etex}
\long\def\btex#1etex{btex \unexpanded{#1} etex}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}\end{macro}
% \Finale
\endinput

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