path: root/Master/texmf-dist/source/fonts/bookhands/huncial.dtx

% \iffalse meta-comment
%
% huncial.dtx
% Copyright 1999 Peter R. Wilson
%
% This program is provided under the terms of the
% LaTeX Project Public License distributed from CTAN
% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt.
%
% Author: Peter Wilson (CUA) (now at: peter.r.wilson@boeing.com)
% 
% If you do not have the docmfp package (available from CTAN in
% tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/supported), comment out the
% \usepackage{docmfp} line below and uncomment the line following it. 
% 
%<*driver>
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
\usepackage{docmfp}
%%%%%% \providecommand{\DescribeVariable}[1]{} \newenvironment{routine}[1]{}{}
\EnableCrossrefs
\CodelineIndex
\setcounter{StandardModuleDepth}{1}
\begin{document}
  \DocInput{huncial.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
%
% \fi
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% \CheckSum{132}
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%
% \changes{v1.0}{1999/05/22}{First public release}
% \changes{v1.0a}{2001/01/02}{Fixed missing * in fd files}
%
% ^^A \def\fileversion{v1.0}
% ^^A \def\filedate{1999/05/22}
% \def\fileversion{v1.0a}
% \def\filedate{2001/01/02}
% \newcommand*{\Lpack}[1]{\textsf {#1}}           ^^A typeset a package
% \newcommand*{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf {#1}}            ^^A typeset an option
% \newcommand*{\file}[1]{\texttt {#1}}            ^^A typeset a file
% \newcommand*{\Lcount}[1]{\textsl {\small#1}}    ^^A typeset a counter
% \newcommand*{\pstyle}[1]{\textsl {#1}}          ^^A typeset a pagestyle
% \newcommand*{\Lenv}[1]{\texttt {#1}}            ^^A typeset an environment
% \newcommand*{\AD}{\textsc{ad}}
% \newcommand*{\thisfont}{Half Uncial}
%
% \title{The \Lpack{Half Uncial} fonts\thanks{This
%        file has version number \fileversion, last revised
%        \filedate.}}
%
% \author{%
% Peter Wilson\\
% Catholic University of America \\
% Now at \texttt{peter.r.wilson@boeing.com}
% }
% \date{\filedate}
% \maketitle
% \begin{abstract}
%    The \Lpack{huncial} and \Lpack{allhuncl} packages provide a set of 
% Metafont \thisfont{} book-hands 
% as used
% for manuscripts in the 3rd to the 9th century. This is one in a series
% of manuscript fonts.
% \end{abstract}
% \tableofcontents
% \listoftables
%
% \StopEventually{}
%
% 
%
% \section{Introduction}
%
%    The \Lpack{huncial} and \Lpack{allhuncl} packages provide a Metafont~\cite{METAFONT} version
% of the \thisfont{} manuscript book-hand that was in use between about the
% third and ninth centuries~\AD. It is part of a project to provide fonts
% covering the major manuscript hands between the first century~\AD{} and
% the invention of printing. The principal resources used in this project
% are listed in the Bibliography.
%
% This manual is typeset according to the conventions of the
% \LaTeX{} \textsc{docstrip} utility which enables the automatic
% extraction of the \LaTeX{} macro source files~\cite{GOOSSENS94}.
% The \Lpack{docmfp} package is used for documenting the Metafont portions
% of the distribution~\cite{DOCMFP}.
%
%    Section~\ref{sec:usc} describes the usage of the package.
% Commented code for the fonts is in Sections~\ref{sec:mf} and~\ref{sec:fd}
% and source code for the package is in Section~\ref{sec:code}.
%
% \subsection{Manuscript book-hands}
%
% Before the invention of printing all books were written by hand. The book-hands
% used by the scribes and copyists for the manuscripts changed as time 
% went on. Table~\ref{tab:1} lists some of the common book-hands which were used
% between the 1st and 15th centuries. The later book-hands formed the basis of the
% fonts used by the early printers, which in turn form the basis of the printing
% fonts in use today.
%
%    The manuscript book-hands were written with a broad nibbed reed or quill
% pen. Among the distinguishing characteristics of a hand, apart from the 
% actual shape of the letters, are the angle of the pen (which controls the
% variation between thick and thin strokes) and the height of a letter compared
% to the width of the nib. The lower the ratio of the letter height to nib
% width, the more condensed is the script. The scripts also varied in their
% typical height. 
%
%    Table~\ref{tab:1} gives an `average' x-height for each
% script, which I obtained by measuring a sample of photographs of
% manuscripts written in the various hands. About a dozen examples
% of each book-hand were measured. This figure should not be taken too
% seriously.
%
%    There was not a sharp division between the use of one hand and another.
% Many manuscripts exhibit a variety of hands in the same document. For example,
% the scribe writing in an Uncial hand may have used Roman Rustic letters
% for capitals. Usually the same pen was used for the two different scripts.
%
%    Generally speaking, as a hand got older it became more embelished, and 
% therefore took longer to write. As this happened a new hand would appear that
% was faster, and which would eventually make the earlier one obsolete.
%
%    Many of the book-hands were single-cased; that is, they did not have an
% upper- and lower-case as we do nowadays in Western scripts. On the other
% hand, a script might be majuscule or minuscule. A \textit{majuscule} script
% is one, like our upper-case, where the letters are drawn between two lines
% and are of a uniform height with no ascenders or descenders. 
% A \textit{minuscule} script, like our lower-case, is drawn between four lines 
% and has ascenders and  descenders.
%
% \begin{table}
% \centering
% \caption{The main manuscript book-hands} \label{tab:1}
% \begin{tabular}{lccccc} \hline
% Name                  & Century  & x-height & Height     & Pen  & Normalised \\
%                       &          & (mm)   & (nib widths) & angle & height  \\ \hline
% Roman Rustic          & 1--6     & 5.7    & 4--6         & 45     & 1.90 \\
% Uncial                & 3--6     & 4.1    & 4--5         & 30     & 1.37 \\
% Half Uncial           & 3--9     & 3.2    & 3--6         & 20--30 & 1.07 \\
% Artificial Uncial     & 6--10    & 4.2    & 3--6         & 10     & 1.40 \\
% Insular majuscule     & 6--9     & 4.2    & 5            & 0--20  & 1.40 \\
% Insular minuscule     & 6 onward & 4.1    & 5--6         & 45--70 & 1.37 \\
% Carolingian minuscule & 8--12    & 3.0    & 3--5         & 45     & 1.00 \\
% Early Gothic          & 11--12   & 3.8    & 4--6         & 20--45 & 1.27 \\
% Gothic Textura        & 13--15   & 3.9    & 3--5         & 30--45 & 1.30 \\
% Gothic Prescius       & 13 onward & 3.3   & 4--5         & 45     & 1.10 \\
% Rotunda               & 13--15   & 3.2    & 4--6         & 30     & 1.07 \\
% Humanist minuscule    & 14 onward & 3.0   & 4--5         & 30--40 & 1.00 \\ \hline
% \end{tabular}
% \end{table}
%
%    During the period under consideration arabic numerals were effectively
% not used. At the beginning they were unknown and even though some knew
% of them towards the end, the glyphs used for them are not recognisable ---
% to me they look somewhat like cryllic letters --- and each locality
% and time had its own highly individualistic rendering. The general rule
% when using one of these book-hands is to write all numbers using
% roman numerals.
%
%    The Roman alphabet consisted of 23 capital letters --- the J, U and W 
% were absent. The book-hands initially used both a `u' and a `v' interchangeably
% but by the 10th century the practice had become to use the `v' before a vowel 
% and the `u' otherwise. The letter corresponding to the W sound appeared 
% in England around the 7th century in
% the form of the runic \textit{wen} character and by about the 11th century
% the `w' chacter was generally used. The `J' is the newest letter of all, not
% appearing until about the mid 16th century.
%
%    In the first century punctuation was virtually unknown, and typically
% would not even be any additional space between individual words, never
% mind denoting ends of sentences. Sometimes a dot at mid-height would be
% used as a word seperator, or to mark off the end of a paragraph. Effectively
% a text was a continuous stream of letters. By the time that printing was
% invented, though, all of our modern punctuation marks were being used.
%
%    Among all these manuscript hands, the Carolingian minuscule is the
% most important as our modern fonts are based on its letter shapes, and it is
% also at this point in time where the division occured between the black letter
% scripts as used even today in Germany, and the lighter fonts used elesewhere.
% The Rotunda and Humanist minuscule hands were developed in Italy and were
% essentially a rediscovery of the Carolingian minusucle. Guthenberg took the
% Gothic scripts as the model for his types. Later printers, 
% such as Nicholas Jenson of Venice,
% took the Humanist scripts as their models.
%
%
% \subsection{The \thisfont{} script}
%
%    The \thisfont{} hand, which is a minuscule script, was in use for some seven
% centuries and was, in a sense, an intermediate script between the Uncial
% and Artificial Uncial book-hands. It was less formal than these and was
% also faster to write as fewer pen movements were required. It was 
% derived from cursive hands that were not used in formal manuscripts.
%
%    This is the first book-hand that shows some of the more characteristic
% letter shapes that we associate with the lower-case letters. For example,
% the `b' lettter has lost its upper bowl, and the `d' has acquired an ascender.
% The `f' is in an intermediate form between the modern `F' and `f'. 
% The \thisfont{} also introduces the long `s' letter shape.
%
%    Stemming from its cursive roots, ligatured letter pairs make an 
% appearance. These typically were only
% used at the end of a line if it was going to be too long, and were rarely
% used in the middle of a line. The most common ligatures were of the 
% form `e*', where the bar of the `e' was joined to the following letter 
% (donoted here as *). Sometimes the e was made taller so its bar would be
% a convenient height for joing to an `m', say. The ampersand, `\&', also
% makes a first appearance as a ligatured `et' which is the Latin for `and'.
% This would be used anywhere in the text. I have provided the ampersand
% and just the `fi' ligature.
%
% Usually the
% lettering in a manuscript was all one size. If the scribe felt the need
% for `capital' letters then, using the same pen, would either write a larger
% \thisfont{} letter or a letter from one of the more formal book-hands. 
%    I have provided a set of `capital' letters that are only a little larger
% than the normal letters for use in running text. 
% During the time the \thisfont{} script was used the alphabet only had 24 
% letters. I have included the missing J.
%
%    Arabic numerals were unknown at this time, so all numbers were written
% using the roman numbering system. I have provided \thisfont{} versions of
% the arabic digits.
%
%    Punctuation was used, but not with the frequency of today.
% A sentence might be ended with
% a dot at mid-height or a paragraph ended with a colon, also at mid-height.
% The comma was was  a small 
% slash; the semi-colon was known, as was the single quotation 
% mark which was represented by a raised comma.
%
%
% \section{The \Lpack{huncial} and \Lpack{allhuncl} packages} \label{sec:usc}
%
%     The \thisfont{} font family is called |huncl|. The font is supplied in both
% OT1 and T1 encodings.
%
% \subsection{The \Lpack{huncial} package}
%
%    This is intended for the occasions when some short pieces of text have
% to be written in \thisfont{} while the majority of the document is in another
% font. The normal baselineskips are used.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\hunclfamily}
%    The |\hunclfamily| declaration starts typesetting with the \thisfont{} fonts.
% Use of the \thisfont{} font will continue until either there is another |\...family|
% declaration or the current group (e.g., environment) is closed.
%
% \DescribeMacro{\texthuncl}
%    The command |\texthuncl{|\meta{text}|}| will typeset \meta{text} using the
% \thisfont{} fonts.
%
% \subsection{The \Lpack{allhuncl} package}
%
%
%    This package is for when the entire document will be typeset with the
% \thisfont font. The baselineskips are set to those appropriate to the
% book-hand. 
%
%    This is a minimalist package. Apart from declaring \thisfont{} to be the
% default font and setting the baselineskips appropriately, it makes no other
% alterations. 
% Vertical spacing
% before and after section titles and before and after lists, etc., will be
% too small as the \LaTeX{} design assumes a font comparable in size to
% normal printing fonts, and the book-hand is much taller.
% To capture more of the flavour of the time, all numbers
% should be written using roman numerals. 
% The \Lpack{romannum} package~\cite{ROMANNUM}
% can be used so that \LaTeX{} will typeset the numbers that it generates,
% like sectioning or caption numbers, using roman numerals instead of arabic 
% digits. 
%
% \DescribeMacro{\cmrfamily}
% \DescribeMacro{\textcmr}
% \DescribeMacro{\cmssfamily}
% \DescribeMacro{\textcmss}
% \DescribeMacro{\cmttfamily}
% \DescribeMacro{\textcmtt}
%    The |...family| declarations start typesetting with the Computer Modern Roman
% (|\cmrfamily|), the Computer Modern Sans (|\cmssfamily|), and the Computer
% Modern Typewriter (|\cmttfamily|) font families. The |\textcm..{|\meta{text}|}|
% commands will typeset \meta{text} in the corresponding Computer Modern font.
%
%    The \Lpack{allhuncl} package automatically loads the \Lpack{huncial} package,
% so its font commands are available if necessary.
%
%
%
% \section{The Metafont code} \label{sec:mf}
%
%
%    As previously noted, this work is part of a larger project to provide
% fonts covering the main manuscript book-hands. As such, one of the
% aims is to produce a coordinated set of fonts, especially as multiple
% hands might be used in a single document. 
%
%    Noting that the hands tend to be somewhat larger than the typical 10pt
% size (where the x-height is approximately 1.5mm) used for modern books, 
% I have also designed the fonts
% at a larger than normal size, then applied some non-linear factors when reducing
% them down to a 10pt size.
%    Further, I have used the height of the Carolingian minuscule as a 
% normalising factor when deciding on the absolute height of any particular
% script. The x-height of the Carolingian font is made equal to the
% x-height of the Computer Modern Roman (CMR) font.
%
%    Modern fonts are effectively drawn. That is, the outline of the letter is
% drawn carefully and the center is filled with ink. This is shown to good
% effect in the Metafont code for the Computer Modern fonts~\cite{CM}.
% In contrast, the manuscript letters were inked by single pen strokes in
% a calligraphic manner. I have tried to repeat this calligraphic style
% in the Metafont code.
%
%    As much as possible I have tried to use parameter values from the
% Computer Modern Roman (CMR) fonts in order to reduce possible
% infelicities if the CM and manuscript fonts are used together. However,
% few of the CMR parameters are applicable to the calligraphic style.
%
%
% \subsection{The parameter file}
%
%    We deal with the parameter files first, and start by announcing
% what they are for. The \thisfont{} font comes in three sizes and also as a normal
% and a bold font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*base7|base10|base17|base7b|base10b|base17b>
%<base7>%%% HUNCL7.MF    Half Uncial at 7 point design size.
%<base10>%%% HUNCL10.MF  Half Uncial at 10 point design size.
%<base17>%%% HUNCL17.MF  Half Uncial at 17 point design size.
%<base7b>%%% HUNCLB7.MF    Half Uncial Bold at 7 point design size.
%<base10b>%%% HUNCLB10.MF  Half Uncial Bold at 10 point design size.
%<base17b>%%% HUNCLB17.MF  Half Uncial Bold at 17 point design size.
%
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Parameters from CMR are used as much as possible. We also
% make sure that \Lpack{cmbase} is loaded as well as plain Metafont.
%    \begin{macrocode}
if unknown cmbase: input cmbase fi

%<base7>font_identifier:="HUNCL"; font_size 7pt#;
%<base10>font_identifier:="HUNCL"; font_size 10pt#;
%<base17>font_identifier:="HUNCL"; font_size 17.28pt#;
%<base7b>font_identifier:="HUNCLB"; font_size 7pt#;
%<base10b>font_identifier:="HUNCLB"; font_size 10pt#;
%<base17b>font_identifier:="HUNCLB"; font_size 17.28pt#;

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{jutstretch}
%    The CMR scaling for lowercase serifs wrt 17pt size.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7|base7b> jutstretch:=1.19; 
%<base10|base10b> jutstretch:=1.152; 
%<base17|base17b> jutstretch:=1.0;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{stemstretch}
%    The CMR scaling for lowercase stem widths wrt 17pt size.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7|base7b> stemstretch:=1.50;
%<base10|base10b> stemstretch:=1.31;
%<base17|base17b> stemstretch:=1.0;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{caprat}
%    The scaling for `capitals' wrt `lowercase'. This is pretty much a guess.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 caprat:=1.25;          % ratio of capital height to minuscule height
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{cap_jutstretch}
%    The CMR scaling for uppercase serifs wrt 17pt size.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7|base7b> cap_jutstretch:=1.3;   
%<base10|base10b> cap_jutstretch:=1.2;   
%<base17|base17b> cap_jutstretch:=1.0;   
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{cap_stemstretch}
%    The CMR scaling for uppercase stem width wrt 17pt size.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7|base7b> cap_stemstretch:=1.45;  
%<base10|base10b> cap_stemstretch:=1.31;  
%<base17|base17b> cap_stemstretch:=1.0;  
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{bfudge}
%    Letter width scaling for bold font wrt normal font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7|base10|base17> bfudge:=1.0;
%<base7b|base10b|base17b> bfudge:=1.2;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{szfudge}
%    Width scaling wrt 17pt letter width.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7|base7b> szfudge:=1.18; 
%<base10|base10b> szfudge:=1.0; 
%<base17|base17b> szfudge:=1.0; 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{hstretch}
%    Horizontal stretching factor wrt 17pt size letter width.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 hstretch:=szfudge*bfudge;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{carol_height}
%    The x-height of the Carolingian minuscule font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7|base7b> carol_height#:=108.5/36pt#; 
%<base10|base10b> carol_height#:=155/36pt#; 
%<base17|base17b> carol_height#:=268/36pt#; 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{vstretch}
%    The height of this font wrt the Carolingian font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 vstretch:=1.07;   

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{x_height} 
%    The x-height of lower case letters. Scaled from the Carolingian font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 x_height#:=vstretch*carol_height#; 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{u}
%    The unit width. The CMR values are used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7> u#:=15.5/36pt#;  
%<base10> u#:=20/36pt#;  
%<base17> u#:=32.5/36pt#;  
%<base7b> u#:=17.9/36pt#;  
%<base10b> u#:=23/36pt#;  
%<base17b> u#:=37/36pt#;  
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{width_adj}
% \DescribeVariable{serif_fit}
% \DescribeVariable{cap_serif_fit}
% \DescribeVariable{letter_fit}
%    The majority of these parameters and values are constant.
% They are for fine adjustements of characters. The CM values are used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 width_adj#:=0pt#;         % width adjustment for certain characters
 serif_fit#:=0pt#;         % extra sidebar near lowercase serifs
%<base7|base7b> cap_serif_fit#:=3.5/36pt#;  % extra sidebar near uppercase serifs
%<base10|base10b> cap_serif_fit#:=5/36pt#;  % extra sidebar near uppercase serifs
%<base17|base17b> cap_serif_fit#:=8/36pt#;  % extra sidebar near uppercase serifs
%<base7|base7b> letter_fit#:=0pt#;        % extra space added to all sidebars
%<base10|base10b> letter_fit#:=0pt#;        % extra space added to all sidebars
%<base17|base17b> letter_fit#:=-0.1pt#;        % extra space added to all sidebars

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{cap_height} 
%    The height of capital letters.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7|base7b> cap_height#:=172.2/36pt#;        % height of caps
%<base10|base10b> cap_height#:=246/36pt#;        % height of caps
%<base17|base17b> cap_height#:=425/36pt#;        % height of caps
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{thickfudge}
%    The reciprocal of the font height in nib widths. Normal font height
% is 5 nib widths and the bold font height is 3.5 nib widths.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7|base10|base17> thickfudge:=1/5;     
%<base7b|base10b|base17b> thickfudge:=1/3.5;     
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{thinfudge}
%    The nib sharpness.
%    \begin{macrocode}
thinfudge:=1/6;      
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{thick}
%    The maximum nib width. 
% That is, the width of the thickest line that can be penned.
%    \begin{macrocode}
thick#:=stemstretch*thickfudge*x_height#;    % max pen breadth
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{thin}
%    The nib thinness. 
% That is, the width of the thinnest line that can be penned.
%    \begin{macrocode}
thin#:=thinfudge*thick#;  
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{pangle}
%  The pen angle (in degrees).
%    \begin{macrocode} 
pangle:=20;                  % pen angle
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{ascratio}
%    The height of lower case ascenders wrt |x_height|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  ascratio:=5/3;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{asc_height} 
%    The height of lower case ascenders.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  asc_height#:=ascratio*x_height#;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{descratio}
%    The depth of lower case descenders wrt |x_height|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  descratio:=2/3;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{desc_depth} 
%    The depth of lower case descenders.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  desc_depth#:=descratio*x_height#;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{fig_height} 
%    The height of numerals. Make these midway between normal and capital
% letters.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  fig_height#:=(0.5[1,caprat])*x_height#;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{fig_width} 
%    The width of numerals. All numerals are the same width (roughly, an `o').
%    \begin{macrocode}
  fig_width#:=hstretch*(x_height#);
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{body_height} 
%    The height of the tallest character.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 body_height#:=caprat*asc_height#;    
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{body_depth} 
%    The depth of the lowest character.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 body_depth#:=caprat*desc_depth#;    
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{half_height} 
%    Half the normal letter height.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 half_height#:=1/2x_height#;    % half the height of x height letters

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{side}
%    We might be using a square for the character design.
%    \begin{macrocode}
side#:=x_height#;     
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{rule_thickness}
%    Thickness of rules (in math symbols). The CMR values are used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<base7|base7b> rule_thickness#:=.34pt#; 
%<base10|base10b> rule_thickness#:=.4pt#; 
%<base17|base17b> rule_thickness#:=.6pt#; 

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{jutfudge}
%    Controls the protrusion of serifs.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%%%%jutfudge:= 3/4;
jutfudge:= 1/2;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{jut} 
%    The lowercase serif protrusion.
%    \begin{macrocode}
jut#:=jutstretch*jutfudge*thick#; 
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{srad}
%    |srad| with |0 < srad < 1| controls the serif radius.
%    \begin{macrocode}
srad:=0.5;   
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{trijut}
%    The lowercase triangular serif protrusion.
%    \begin{macrocode}
trijut#:=0.75jutstretch*thick#;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{o}
%    Amount of overshoot for curves (as in an `o'). Use CMR values.
%    \begin{macrocode} 
%<base7|base7b> o#:=5/36pt#;   
%<base10|base10b> o#:=8/36pt#;   
%<base17|base17b> o#:=10/36pt#;   

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{slant}
% |slant| is the amount the font slopes to the right. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
slant:=0;      % tilt ratio $(\Delta x/\Delta y)$

%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \DescribeVariable{monospace} 
%    We are generating a variable-width font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
monospace:=false;    % should all characters have the same width?

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{dot_size}
%    The size of (punctuation) dots.
%    \begin{macrocode}
dot_size#:=5thin#;   % size of dots
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{comma_width}
%    The horizontal width of a comma.
%    \begin{macrocode}
comma_width#:=2.5dot_size#; 

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Finally, call the driver file for the font.
%    \begin{macrocode} 
generate huncltitle      %% switch to the driver file

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    The end of this code section.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</base7|base10|base17|base7b|base10b|base17b>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{The driver file}
%
%    The driver file sets up the font parameters and also contains
% the macros used in the definition of the characters.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*mfd>
% This is UNCLTITLE.MF for the Half Uncial font.
% This makes a short font.
% This file also contains special macros universally needed in the 
% font but either not in the cmbase.mf file or modifications of these.
%
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{routine}{makebox}
%    This is a new version of the \Lpack{cmbase.mf} |makebox| macro.
% Essentially, as we are only generating a single case font, we don't
% need all the horizontals for the CMR characters.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
% A new version of cmbase.mf makebox macro
def makebox(text rule) =
  for y=0,half_height,cap_height,body_height,x_height,-desc_depth,-body_depth:
    rule((l,y)t_,(r,y)t_); endfor  % horizontals
  for x=l,r: rule((x,-body_depth)t_,(x,body_height)t_); endfor % verticals
  for x=u*(1+floor(1/u)) step u until r-1:
    rule((x,-body_depth)t_,(x,body_height)t_); endfor         % more verticals
  if charic<>0:
    rule((r+charic*pt,h.o_),(r+charic*pt,.5h.o_)); fi  % italic correction
enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{proofpcbb}
%    The macro |proofpcbb(S, xoff, yoff)| draws crosses at the corners of the
% square, and at the bottom and top midpoints, where the point |zS| is at
% position |(xoff,yoff)| in the square. 
%    \begin{macrocode}

% A macro to delineate a letter's bounding square in proof mode.
% Point z$ is at (xoff,yoff) in the bounding square.
def proofpcbb(suffix $)(expr xoff, yoff) =
if proofing > 0:
  x$bl = x$ - xoff; y$bl = y$ - yoff;         % Bottom Left Hand Corner
  z$br = (x$bl+side, y$bl);                   % BRHC
  z$tr = (x$bl+side, y$bl+side);              % TRHC
  z$tl = (x$bl, y$bl+side);                   % TLHC
  z$bc = 1/2[z$bl,z$br]; z$tc = 1/2[z$tl,z$tr];  % horizontal mid points
  pair hc, vc;
  hc = (2u,0); vc = (0,2u);
  pickup pensquare scaled 2;
  for s = z$bl, z$br, z$tr, z$tl, z$bc, z$tc:
    draw s-hc--s+hc;
    draw s-vc--s+vc;
  endfor
fi
enddef;

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%
% \begin{routine}{huncial_font_setup}
%    This macro contains the set up for the \thisfont{} fonts.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
def huncial_font_setup= % contains special stuff for huncial fonts
  define_pixels(side,half_height,carol_height,comma_width);
  define_pixels(u,dot_size,letter_size,cap_height,width_adj,serif_fit,
                cap_serif_fit,jut,cap_jut,trijut);
  define_pixels(fig_width);
  define_whole_pixels(letter_fit);
  define_whole_vertical_pixels(body_height,asc_height,cap_height,x_height,
                               desc_depth,body_depth,fig_height);
  define_corrected_pixels(o);
  define_blacker_pixels(thick,thin);
  let adjust_fit = normal_adjust_fit;
%    \end{macrocode}
% \DescribeVariable{stylus}
%  The pen for drawing the thinnest lines is |stylus|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  pickup pencircle scaled thin;
  stylus:=savepen;
%    \end{macrocode}
% \DescribeVariable{thickstylus}
%  The pen for drawing lines a bit thicker than the thinnest is |thickstylus|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  pickup pencircle scaled (1.5thin);
  thickstylus:=savepen;
%    \end{macrocode}
% \DescribeVariable{quill}
%  The normal calligraphic pen is |quill|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  pickup pencircle xscaled thick yscaled thin rotated pangle;
  quill:=savepen;
  numeric pcshiftx#; % x value of LHS of box wrt origin of char box
  define_pixels(pcshiftx);
  numeric sqxside#;   % x size of the square
  numeric sqyside#;   % y size of the square
  define_pixels(sqxside,sqyside);

enddef; % end of huncial_font_setup

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \DescribeVariable{ductus}
% A boolean to control drawing the ductus (TRUE) or the full letter (FALSE).
%    \begin{macrocode}
boolean ductus;
ductus:=false;
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{qhor}
% \DescribeVariable{qvert}
% The cosine and sine of the pen angle.
%    \begin{macrocode}
numeric qhor, qvert;
qhor:=cosd(pangle); qvert:=sind(pangle);
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{pdir}
% The vector corresponding to the pen angle.
%    \begin{macrocode}
pair pdir; pdir=dir(pangle);
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \DescribeVariable{ppdir}
% The vector that is perpendicular (anticlockwise) to the pen angle.
%    \begin{macrocode}
pair ppdir; ppdir=dir(pangle+90);
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_serif}
% A macro to draw a serif. |draw_serif(1,2,f)| uses the current pen to
% draw a serif of extent |jut| at |z1| to the left of the line from |z2| 
% to |z1|. The
% radius is controlled by |f|, where $0<f<1$. The `stem' from |z1| to |z2|
% starts at the point |z1a|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_serif(suffix $, $$)(expr fr)=
  numeric beta, ajut, bjut;
%    \end{macrocode}
% |fr| and |beta| control the serif radius.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  beta=1-fr;
  ajut=fr*jut; bjut=beta*jut;
%    \end{macrocode}
% The points |$c|, |$b| and |$a| define the serif. For a top (bottom) serif
% the leftmost (rightmost) point is 
% |$c| and |$a| is on the stem. |$a| is moved from |$| towards |$$| by the 
% distance |ajut|, and the other points are calculated from this. If the stem
% is not vertical, then we have to rotate |$b| to match.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  pair vec[]; vec1=unitvector(z$$-z$);
  vec2=ajut*vec1;
  z$a=z$ shifted vec2;
  z$b=z$a rotatedaround (z$,-90);
  boolean top_serif;
  if y$>y$$:
    top_serif := true;
    z$c=z$b shifted (-bjut*pdir);
  else:
    top_serif:=false;
    z$c=z$b shifted (bjut*pdir);
  fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw the parts, and finish off.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  if top_serif:
    draw z$c--z$b{pdir}..{z$$-z$}z$a;    % the serif
  else:
    draw z$c--z$b{-pdir}..{z$$-z$}z$a;
  fi
  labels($a,$b,$c);
enddef; % end of draw_serif

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_triserif}
% A macro to draw a triangular top left serif.
% |draw_triserif(1,tj)| draws a serif at |z1| with its leftmost x
% value at |x1-tj|, where it is assumed that the
% top point on the stem is at |z1| and the stem was drawn with |quill|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_triserif(suffix $)(expr tj)=
  pen oldpen; oldpen:=currentpen;
  pickup quill;
  x$ts1'=lft x$; y$ts1'=bot y$;
  pickup stylus;
  lft x$ts1=x$ts1'; bot y$ts1=y$ts1';
  x$ts2=x$ts1-tj; z$ts2=whatever[z$,z$ts1];
  x$ts3=x$ts1; y$ts3=y$ts2-tj;
  pickup stylus;
%%  filldraw z$ts1--z$ts2--z$ts3--cycle;
  filldraw z$--z$ts2--z$ts3--cycle;
  pickup oldpen;
  labels($ts1,$ts2,$ts3);
enddef; % end of draw_triserif

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_istem}
%  A macro to draw the shape of an i. |draw_istem(1,2,f)| draws a stem whose
% top is at |z1| and bottom at |z2|. It draws with the current pen and the serifs
% are of extent |jut|. There is a top left and bottom right serif.
% The serif radius is controlled by |f|, with $0<f<1$.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_istem(suffix $, $$)(expr fr)=
  draw_serif($, $$, fr);  % top serif
  draw_serif($$, $, fr);  % bottom serif
  draw z$a--z$$a;  % the stem
enddef; % end of draw_istem

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_tstem}
%  A macro to draw the shape of the stem of a `t'. |draw_tstem(1,2,f)| draws a 
% stem whose
% top is at |z1| and bottom at |z2| with a right serif at |z2|. The radius
% is controlled by |f|, with $0 < f < 1$.
% It draws with the current pen and the serif is of extent |jut|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_tstem(suffix $, $$)(expr fr)=
  draw_serif($$, $, fr);  % the serif
  draw z$--z$$a;                      % the stem
enddef; % end of draw_tstem

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_tlserif}
%  A macro to draw a top left serif. |draw_tlserif(1,2,f)| draws a serif on top
% of a stem whose absolute 
% top is at |z1| and bottom at |z2|. It draws with the current pen and the serif
% is of extent |jut|. It also draws the stem to the point |z2|. The serif
% radius is controlled by |f|, with $0<f<1$.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_tlserif(suffix $, $$)(expr fr)=
  draw_serif($, $$, fr);  % the serif
  draw z$a--z$$;                       % the stem
enddef; % end of draw_tlserif

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_flick}
%  A macro to draw a flick (like an eyebrow). 
% |draw_flick(1,rise,fall,fjut)| draws a stroke starting at |z1| rising up by
% |rise| and falling down by |fall| wrt |z1|. The overall stroke distance is
% |fjut| to the right of |z1|. It is drawn with the current pen.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_flick(suffix $)(expr rise, fall, fjut)=
%    \end{macrocode}
% The points |z$a| and |z$b|, together with |z$| make up three points on the
% ductus.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  rt x$b = x1+fjut; top y$b=y$-fall;
  x$a=0.5[x$,x$b]; top y$a=y$+rise;
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw the part, and finish off.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  draw z$..z$a..z$b; 
  labels($a,$b);
enddef; % end of draw_flick

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_wave}
% A macro to draw a (horizontal) stroke with a flick at each end 
% (down at the left and up at the right). |draw_wave(1,2,f)| uses the current
% pen to draw from |z1wl| to |z1wr|, where |x1wl=x1|, |y1wl=y1-f|, and
% |x1wr=x2|, |y1wr=y2+f|, with |z1| assumed to be at the left of |z2|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_wave(suffix $,$$)(expr f)=
  x$wl=x$; y$wl=y$-f;
  x$wr=x$$; y$wr=y$$+f;
  z$wc=0.5[z$wl,z$wr];
  draw z$wl{pdir}..z$wc{right}..{pdir}z$wr;
  labels($wl,$wc,$wr);
enddef; % end of draw_wave
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_tail}
% A macro to draw a tail at the bottom of a (vertical) stem.
% |draw_tail(1,fjut)| draws a tail at the bottom of the stem which ends at |z1|.
% The depth is controlled by the |desc_depth| value and the jut by |fjut|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_tail(suffix $)(expr fj)=
  pen oldpen; oldpen:=currentpen;
  pickup quill;
  x$tl' = lft x$; y$tl=bot y$;
  pickup stylus;
  lft x$tl=x$tl';
  x$tb=x$tl-fj; bot y$tb=y$tl-1/2desc_depth;
  filldraw z${down}..{-pdir}z$tb & z$tb{pdir}..{up}z$tl--cycle;
  pickup oldpen;
  labels($tb,$tl);
enddef; % end of draw_tail
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_triangle}
% A macro to draw a downward pointing equilateral triangle.
% |draw_triangle(1,sz)| draws a triangle of side length with |z1| in the middle
% of the base.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_triangle(suffix $)(expr sz)=
  pen oldpen; oldpen:=currentpen;
  pickup stylus;
  x$t1=x$-sz/2; x$t3=x$+sz/2;
  y$t1=y$t3=y$;
  x$t2=x$; y$t2=y$-0.9sz;   % approx sqrt(3)/2
  filldraw z$t1--z$t2--z$t3--cycle;
  pickup oldpen;
  labels($t1,$t2,$t3);
enddef; % end of draw_triangle
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_rtriangle}
% A macro to draw a downward pointing right angled triangle.
% |draw_triangle(1,sz)| draws a triangle of side length with |z1| at the
% right (where the right angle is).
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_rtriangle(suffix $)(expr sz)=
  pen oldpen; oldpen:=currentpen;
  pickup stylus;
  x$t1=x$-sz; rt x$t3=x$;
  y$t1=y$t3=y$;
  x$t2=x$t3; y$t2=y$-sz;
  filldraw z$t1--z$t2--z$t3--cycle;
  pickup oldpen;
  labels($t1,$t2,$t3);
enddef; % end of draw_rtriangle
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_rutriangle}
% A macro to draw an upward pointing right angled triangle.
% |draw_triangle(1,sz)| draws a triangle of side length with |z1| at the
% right (where the right angle is).
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_rutriangle(suffix $)(expr sz)=
  pen oldpen; oldpen:=currentpen;
  pickup stylus;
  x$t1=x$-sz; rt x$t3=x$;
  y$t1=y$t3=y$;
  x$t2=x$t3; y$t2=y$+sz;
  filldraw z$t1--z$t2--z$t3--cycle;
  pickup oldpen;
  labels($t1,$t2,$t3);
enddef; % end of draw_rutriangle
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_fork}
% A macro to draw a forked line.
% |draw_fork(1,2,sz)| draws a graduated line from |z1| to |z2| with a forked
% end of size |sz|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_fork(suffix $, $$)(expr sz)=
  pen oldpen; oldpen:=currentpen;
  pickup quill;
  x$f1'=lft x$; y$f1'=bot y$;
  x$f3'=rt x$;  y$f3'=top y$;
  pickup stylus;
  lft x$f1=x$f1'; bot y$f1=y$f1';
  rt x$f3=x$f3';  y$f3-y$=2*(y$-y$f1);
  rt x$f2=x$$-sz; bot y$f2=y$$;
  rt x$f4= rt x$f5=x$$;
  bot y$f5=y$$-sz; top y$f4=y$$+1/2sz;
  filldraw z$f1--z$f2--z$f3--cycle;   % the line
  draw z$f2{right}..z$f4;             % upper fork
  draw z$f2{right}..z$f5;             % lower fork
  pickup oldpen;
  labels($f1,$f2,$f3,$f4,$f5);
enddef; % end of draw_fork
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_urswish}
% A macro to draw a line up and to the right with an under curl at the end.
% |draw_urswish(1,2)| draws from |z1| towards |z2|, which is the max upper right
% of a bounding box, where the curl is.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_urswish(suffix $, $$)=
  pen oldpen; oldpen:=currentpen;
  pickup quill;
  rt x$$s1=x$$-thick; top y$$s1=y$$;
  rt x$$s2=x$$; 
%%  x$$s3=x$$-thick;
  lft x$$s3=x$$s1;
  bot y$$s3=y$$-thick; y$$s2=0.5[y$$s1,y$$s3];
%%  draw z$---z$$s1{right}..z$$s2{down}..{-pdir}z$$s3;
  draw z$..z$$s1{pdir}..z$$s2{down};
  labels($$s1,$$s2,$$s3); 
enddef; % end of draw_urswish
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{bowl_stem}
%  Calculate where a bowl should meet a stem so that the pen is moving in the
% pen direction.
% |bowl_stem(1,2)| calculates the point |z1i|, where |z1| is on the bowl and
% there is a vertical line at |x2|.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}

def bowl_stem(suffix $, $$)=
  x$'=0.5[x$,x$$]; y$'=y$;    % the mid-point
  z$''=z$' shifted (thick*pdir);
  x$i=x$$; z$i=whatever[z$',z$''];
  labels($',$i);
enddef; % end of bowl_stem
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_pdot}
%  A macro to draw a period dot.
% |draw_pdot(1,sz)| uses |stylus| to draw a dot centered at |z1| of overall size |sz|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_pdot(suffix $)(expr sz)=
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw a square rotated 45 degrees.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  z$s = z$ shifted (0.5sz*left);
  z$t = z$ shifted (0.5sz*up);
  z$u = z$s shifted (sz*right);
  z$v = z$t shifted (sz*down);
  pickup stylus;
  filldraw z$s--z$t--z$u--z$v--cycle;
  labels($s,$t,$u,$v);
enddef; % end of draw_pdot

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_pcomma}
%  A macro to draw a period comma.
% |draw_pcomma(1,t,w)| draws a comma placed at |z1| (the top), line width is |t|
% and bottom of line is |w| horizontally from |z1|. The pen is |stylus|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_pcomma(suffix $)(expr sz, ar)=
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw a line of at |z$| of width |sz| sloping back and down at 45 degrees
% for a total width of |ar|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  z$s = z$ shifted (0.5sz*left);
  z$t = z$s shifted (sz*right);
  x$v=x$s-ar; y$v=y$s-ar;
  z$u = z$v shifted (sz*right);
  pickup stylus;
  filldraw z$s--z$t--z$u--z$v--cycle;
%%  filldraw z$s--z$t--z$u--cycle;
  labels($s,$t,$u,$v);
enddef; % end of draw_pcomma

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{draw_plq}
%  A macro to draw a period left quote.
% |draw_pcomma(1,t,w)| draws a left quote placed at |z1| (the top), line width is |t|
% and bottom of line is |w| horizontally from |z1|.
%    \begin{macrocode}

def draw_plq(suffix $)(expr sz, ar)=
%    \end{macrocode}
% Draw a line of at |z$| of width |sz| sloping forward and down at 45 degrees
% for a total width of |ar|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  z$s = z$ shifted (0.5sz*left);
  z$t = z$s shifted (sz*right);
  x$v=x$s+ar; y$v=y$s-ar;
  z$u = z$v shifted (sz*right);
  pickup stylus;
  filldraw z$s--z$t--z$u--z$v--cycle;
%%  filldraw z$s--z$t--z$v--cycle;
  labels($s,$t,$u,$v);
enddef; % end of draw_plq

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%    Set the mode and font setup.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
font_coding_scheme:="ASCII minuscules and punctuation";
mode_setup; 
huncial_font_setup;

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%    We generate letters, together with some punctuation and
% analphabetics.
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
input huncll;        % minuscules (lower case)
input hunclu;        % majuscules (capitals)
input hunclpunct;    % punctuation
input huncllig;      % the several dashes
input huncldig;      % arabic digits

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Finally, do the uppercase ligtable.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
 
font_slant slant; font_x_height x_height#;
if monospace: font_normal_space 9u#; % no stretching or shrinking
 font_quad 18u#;
 font_extra_space 9u#;
else: font_normal_space 6u#+2letter_fit#;
 font_normal_stretch 3u#; font_normal_shrink 2u#;
 font_quad 18u#+4letter_fit#;
 font_extra_space 2u#;
 k#:=-.5u#; kk#:=-1.5u#; kkk#:=-2u#; % three degrees of kerning
%% ligtable "P": "T": "Y": "A" kern kk#;
%% ligtable "F": "V": "W": "A" kern if serifs: kkk# else: kk#fi,
%%  "K": "X": "O" kern k#, "C" kern k#, "G" kern k#, "Q" kern k#;
%% ligtable "O": "D": "X" kern k#, "W" kern k#, "A" kern k#,
%%   "V" kern k#, "Y" kern k#;
%% ligtable "A": if serifs: "R": fi
%%  "C" kern k#, "O" kern k#, "G" kern k#, "U" kern k#, "Q" kern k#,
%%  "L": "T" kern kk#, "Y" kern kkk#, "V" kern kk#, "W" kern kkk#;
%%ligtable "I": "I" kern -k#; % Richard III
fi

bye.

%</mfd>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{The code for normal letters}
%
%    The following code is for the minuscule characters.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*min>
% HUNCLL.MF Program file for Half Uncial minuscules
%


%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{a}
% The letter `a'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter a";
beginchar("a", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
rt x1=w-pcshiftx; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
x5=x1-jut;  y5=0.5[y1,y2];
path p[];
p1=z1{-pdir}..z5{down}..{right}z2;
% bowl
lft x3=pcshiftx; y3=y5;
x4=x6=0.5[x3,x5]; top y4=h; bot y6=0;
x2'=0.5[x2,x5];
bowl_stem(6,2');
rt x7=x6i; top y7=y6i;
rt x8=x1; y4-y8=y7-y6;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw p1;                  % the stem
draw z8..z4{left}..z3{down}..z6{right}..{pdir}z7;  % the bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "a"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{b}
% The letter `b'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter b";
beginchar("b", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; 
% lower bowl
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; 
x3=x5=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0; top y5=h/ascratio;
y2=y4=0.5[y3,y5];
x11=rt x1; bowl_stem(5,11);
lft x7=x5i; bot y7=y5i;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1--z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5{left}..{-pdir}z7;
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,100);
endchar; % end "b"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{c}
% The letter `c'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter c";
beginchar("c", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x3'=w-pcshiftx;
bowl_stem(4,3');
rt x5=x4i; top y5=y4i;
x6=x5; y2-y6=y5-y4;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2..z6;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,16,17,18,100);
endchar; % end "c"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{d}
% The letter `d'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter d";
beginchar("d", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+thick#+jut#), asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
rt x1=w-pcshiftx-jut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
x1'=lft x1; y1'=h;
lft x5=pcshiftx;
top y4=h/ascratio; bot y6=0;
x4=x6=0.5[x5,x1']; y5=0.5[y6,y4];
bowl_stem(6,1');
rt x7=x6i; top y7=y6i;
x8=x7; y4-y8=y7-y6;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                              % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw z8..z4{left}..z5{down}..z6{right}..{pdir}z7;  % bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "d"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{e}
% The letter `e'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter e";
beginchar("e", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=w-pcshiftx-trijut; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x3'=w-pcshiftx-trijut;
bowl_stem(4,3');
rt x5=x4i; top y5=y4i;
% the bar
x7=x1; y7=y1;
rt x8=w-pcshiftx; top y8=2/3h;
path p[];
p1=z7{right}..{pdir}z8;
p2=z2{right}..z3{down}..{left}z4;
z6 = p1 intersectionpoint p2;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2{right}..z6; % the bowl
draw p1;                                     % the bar
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,100);
endchar; % end "e"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{f}
% The letter `f'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter f";
beginchar("f", 2u#+hstretch*(7/6x_height#+trijut#), (3/2x_height#), desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=2/3h; bot y2=-d;
% bars
z3=z4=z1;
rt x5= rt x6=w-pcshiftx; top y5=h; y6=y4;
x7=0.5[x4,x6]; y7=y6-2thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);            % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);  
draw_urswish(3,5);               % top bar
draw z4..z7{right}..{pdir}z6;    % bottom bar
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100);
endchar; % end "f"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{g}
% The letter `g'. This came in three forms; like the `g' in the Artificial
% Uncial script, like an `S' with a bar at the top, or the form I have
% done here.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter g";
beginchar("g", 2u#+hstretch*(4/3x_height#), x_height#, desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
numeric alpha; alpha:=thin;
pickup quill;
% top bar
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=h+alpha;
rt x3=w-pcshiftx; top y3=h-alpha;
% diagonal
rt x2=3/4w; top y2=h-alpha;
x4=1/4w; y4=0;
% the bowl
rt x6=w-pcshiftx; y6=-1/2d;
x7=1/2w; bot y7=-d;
lft x8=pcshiftx; top y8=-1/2d;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_wave(1,3,alpha);                  % top bar
draw z2--z4;                           % diagonal
draw z4{pdir}..z6{down}..z7{left}..z8; % the bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "g"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{h}
% The letter `h'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter h";
beginchar("h", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
% bowl
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; y5=h/(2ascratio);
lft x6=2/3w; bot y6=0;
x4=0.5[x1,x5]; top y4=h/ascratio;
x1'=rt x1;
bowl_stem(4,1');
lft x3=x4i; bot y3=y4i;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                    % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw z3{pdir}..z4{right}..z5{down}..z6;  % bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "h"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{i}
% The letter i.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter i";
beginchar("i", 2u#+hstretch*(thick#+trijut#+jut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,100);
endchar; % end "i"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{j}
% The letter `j'. This letter was not in the script, it being a later invention.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter j";
beginchar("j", 2u#+hstretch*(thick#+trijut#), x_height#, desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=-1/2d;
lft x3=pcshiftx; bot y3=-d;
%%ductus:=true;
draw z1--z2{down}..{-pdir}z3;
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,100);
endchar; % end "j"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{k}
% The letter `k'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter k";
beginchar("k", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#+jut#), asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
% for the flick
numeric rise,fall,fjut;
x3=rt x1; y3=(3/4)*(h/ascratio);
rise:=1/6h; fall:=-rise/2; fjut:=1/2w;
% for the leg
z4=z3;
x5=w-pcshiftx-jut; y5=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);            % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw_flick(3,rise,fall,fjut);    % upper diag
draw_tstem(4,5,srad);            % lower diag
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,100);
endchar; % end "k"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{l}
% The letter `l'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter l";
beginchar("l", 2u#+hstretch*(7/6x_height#+trijut#), asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
z3=z2;
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; bot y4=1/10h;
%%ductus:=true;
draw z1--z2;
draw_triserif(1,trijut);                    % the stem
draw z3{right}..{pdir}z4;                   % the foot
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "l"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{m}
% The letter `m'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter m";
beginchar("m", 2u#+hstretch*(5/3x_height#+trijut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx+trijut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
x4=w/2; y4=2/3h;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; top y3=h;
x5=x4; y5=y2;
z6=z4;
x7=3/4w; top y7=h;
rt x8=w-pcshiftx; y8=h/2;
lft x9=3/4w; y9=y2;
x14=x1; y14=y4;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                             % left half
draw_triserif(1,trijut);        
draw z14..z3{right}..{down}z4;  
draw_tstem(4,5,srad);                             % middle stem
draw z6..z7{right}..z8{down}..{-pdir}z9;          % right half
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,14,100);
endchar; % end "m"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{n}
% The letter `n'. This could be like a capital `N' or a lower-case `n'.
% I have chosen to do the latter form.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter n";
beginchar("n", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#+jut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% left stem
lft x1=pcshiftx+trijut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
x1'=rt x1;
% right stem
rt x5=w-pcshiftx-jut; y5=h/2;
x6=x5; bot y6=0;
x4=0.5[x1,x5]; top y4=h;
bowl_stem(4,1');
lft x3=x4i; bot y3=y4i;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                % left stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw_tstem(5,6,srad);                % right stem
draw z3{pdir}..z4{right}..{down}z5;  % the bowl top
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "n"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{o}
% The letter `o'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter o";
beginchar("o", 2u#+hstretch*(7/6x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h+o; bot y4=-o;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3..z4..cycle;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "o"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{p}
% The letter `p'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter p";
beginchar("p", 2u#+hstretch*(7/6x_height#+trijut#), x_height#, desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=-d;
% bowl
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; 
x3=x5=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0; top y5=h;
y4=0.5[y3,y5];
x1'=rt x1;
bowl_stem(5,1');
lft x7=x5i; bot y7=y5i;
lft x8=rt x1; bot y8=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                         % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw z8{right}..z4{up}..z5{left}..{-pdir}z7;  % bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "p"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{q}
% The letter `q'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter q";
beginchar("q", 2u#+hstretch*(7/6x_height#+jut#), x_height#, desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% right stem
rt x1=w-pcshiftx-jut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=-d;
lft x5=pcshiftx;
top y4=h; bot y6=0;
x4=x6=0.5[x5,x1']; y5=0.5[y6,y4];
x1'=lft x1;
bowl_stem(6,1');
rt x7=x6i; top y7=y6i;
z8=z1;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                              % stem
draw z8{left}..z5{down}..z6{right}..{pdir}z7;  % bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "q"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{r}
% The letter `r'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter r";
beginchar("r", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut; top y1=h; bot y2=0;
% bowl
lft x3=rt x1; bot y3=7/8h;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; top y5=1/2h;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                     % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw z3{pdir}..{pdir}z5;                  % bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,100);
endchar; % end "r"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{s}
% The letter `s'. This is a `long' S.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter s";
beginchar("s", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), 3/2x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut; top y1=2/3h; bot y2=0;
% arm
x5=w-pcshiftx; y5=h;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);            % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);  
%%draw z1{pdir}..{right}z5;        % arm
draw_urswish(1,5);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,11,17,26,27,28,100);
endchar; % end "s"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{t}
% The letter `t'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter t";
beginchar("t", 2u#+hstretch*(4/3x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% bowl
lft x1=pcshiftx+1/4w; rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y1=h/3; y3=h/2;
x2=x4=0.5[x1,x3]; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x6=x3;
x6'=w-pcshiftx;
bowl_stem(4,6');
rt x5=x4i; top y5=y4i;
top y6=h; 
% arm
lft x12=pcshiftx; top y12=h;
x11=0.5[x6,x12]; y11=y12-thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1{up}..{pdir}z6;   % bowl
draw z6..z11..z12;                            % top bar
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,11,12,100);
endchar; % end "t"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{u}
% The letter `u'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter u";
beginchar("u", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#+jut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% left half first
lft x6=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y6=h;
x7=x6; y7=h/2;
x8=0.5[x6,x1]; bot y8=0;
% the stem
rt x1=w-pcshiftx-jut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
% construction points for the curved part
x1'=lft x1;
bowl_stem(8,1');
rt x9=x8i; top y9=y8i;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_triserif(6,trijut);                      % left half
draw z6--z7{down}..z8{right}..{pdir}z9;  
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                         % right stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,16,100);
endchar; % end "u"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{v}
% The letter `v'. The right half of the `w' is used for the `v' (or vice-versa
% if you prefer).
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter v";
beginchar("v", 2u#+hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% right side of W
numeric midx; midx:= pcshiftx;
lft x1=midx+trijut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; y2=h/2;
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; y4=y2;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0;
x5=x4-trijut; y5=y1;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_triserif(1,trijut);  
%%draw_triserif(5,trijut);
draw z1--z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;  
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,11,100);
endchar; % end "v"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{w}
% The letter `w'. This is a modern version as the font did not have a W.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter w";
beginchar("w", 2u#+hstretch*(5/3x_height#+trijut#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% right side first
numeric midx; midx:= w/2-trijut;
lft x1=midx+trijut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; y2=h/2;
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; y4=y2;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0;
x5=x4-trijut; y5=y1;
% left side
lft x6=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y6=h;
%%lft x7=pcshiftx; y7=y2;
x7=x6; y7=y2;
x8=0.5[x7,x1]; y8=y3;
% construction points
x15=0.5[x8,x1]; y15=y8;
z15'=z15 shifted (w*pdir);
x2'=x2; y2'=y15;
path p[];
p1=z1--z2';
p2=z15--z15';
z9= p2 intersectionpoint p1;
pair vec[];
p3=z6..z7{down}..{right}z8;
vec3 = direction 0 of p3;
z16=z6 shifted vec3;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_triserif(1,trijut);                      % right half
draw z1--z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;  
draw_triserif(6,trijut);                      % left half
draw z6--z7{down}..z8{right}..z9;  
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,16,100);
endchar; % end "w"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{x}
% The letter `x'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter x";
beginchar("x", 2u#+hstretch*(4/3x_height#+jut#), x_height#, desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% thick diagonal
lft x1=1/4w; rt x2=w-pcshiftx-jut;
y1=h; y2=0;
% top half of thin diagonal
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; top y4=h;
z3=2/3[z2,z1];
% bottom half
lft x6=pcshiftx; bot y6=-d;
path p[];
pair vec;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_istem(1,2,srad);            % thick diagonal
draw_urswish(3,4);               % top thin diagonal
p1=z3..z4s1{pdir}..z4s2{down};   % bottom thin diagonal
vec= direction 0 of p1;
draw z3{-vec}..{down}z6;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "x"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{y}
% The letter `y'. This has a dot on top!
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter y";
beginchar("y", 2u#+hstretch*(4/3x_height#), x_height#, desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% left stroke
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=h;
lft x3=w/2; bot y3=-d;
x2=lft x5; y2=bot y5;
% right stroke
x5=w/2; y5=1/3h;
x4=w-pcshiftx; top y4=h;
% the dot
x8=w/2; y8=h+jut;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3;              % left stroke
draw_urswish(2,4);            % right stroke
draw_pdot(8,dot_size);        % the dot
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,100);
endchar; % end "y"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{z}
% The letter `z'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter z";
beginchar("z", 2u#+hstretch*(5/3x_height#), x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
numeric alpha, beta; alpha:=thin; beta:=2thin;
pickup quill;
% bottom stroke
lft x4=pcshiftx; bot y4=0; x14=x4; y14=y4+beta;
rt x6=w-pcshiftx; bot y6=-beta;
% top stroke
lft x1=1/5w; top y1=h+alpha;
rt x3=4/5w; top y3=h; x13=x3; y13=y3-alpha;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_wave(1,13,alpha);     % top stroke
draw_wave(14,6,beta);    % bottom stroke
draw z4--z3;             % diagonal
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "z"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%    The end of this file
%    \begin{macrocode} 
%</min>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{The code for capital letters}
%
%    \thisfont{} `capitals' were drawn with the same pen as for the minuscules,
% and the letters were merely larger versions of the minuscules.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*maj>
% HUNCLU.MF Program file for Half Uncial `capitals'
%

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{A}
% The letter `A'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter A";
beginchar("A", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+jut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
rt x1=w-pcshiftx; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
x5=x1-jut;  y5=0.5[y1,y2];
path p[];
p1=z1{-pdir}..z5{down}..{right}z2;
% bowl
lft x3=pcshiftx; y3=y5;
x4=x6=0.5[x3,x5]; top y4=h; bot y6=0;
x2'=0.5[x2,x5];
bowl_stem(6,2');
rt x7=x6i; top y7=y6i;
rt x8=x1; y4-y8=y7-y6;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw p1;                  % the stem
draw z8..z4{left}..z3{down}..z6{right}..{pdir}z7;  % the bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "A"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{B}
% The letter `B'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter B";
beginchar("B", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), caprat*asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; 
% lower bowl
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; 
x3=x5=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0; top y5=h/ascratio;
y2=y4=0.5[y3,y5];
x11=rt x1; bowl_stem(5,11);
lft x7=x5i; bot y7=y5i;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1--z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5{left}..{-pdir}z7;
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,100);
endchar; % end "B"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{C}
% The letter `C'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter C";
beginchar("C", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x3'=w-pcshiftx;
bowl_stem(4,3');
rt x5=x4i; top y5=y4i;
x6=x5; y2-y6=y5-y4;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2..z6;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,16,17,18,100);
endchar; % end "C"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{D}
% The letter `D'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter D";
beginchar("D", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+thick#+jut#), caprat*asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
rt x1=w-pcshiftx-jut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
x1'=lft x1; y1'=h;
lft x5=pcshiftx;
top y4=h/ascratio; bot y6=0;
x4=x6=0.5[x5,x1']; y5=0.5[y6,y4];
bowl_stem(6,1');
rt x7=x6i; top y7=y6i;
x8=x7; y4-y8=y7-y6;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                              % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw z8..z4{left}..z5{down}..z6{right}..{pdir}z7;  % bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "D"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{E}
% The letter `E'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter E";
beginchar("E", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=w-pcshiftx-trijut; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x3'=w-pcshiftx-trijut;
bowl_stem(4,3');
rt x5=x4i; top y5=y4i;
% the bar
x7=x1; y7=y1;
rt x8=w-pcshiftx; top y8=2/3h;
path p[];
p1=z7{right}..{pdir}z8;
p2=z2{right}..z3{down}..{left}z4;
z6 = p1 intersectionpoint p2;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2{right}..z6; % the bowl
draw p1;                                     % the bar
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,100);
endchar; % end "E"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{F}
% The letter `F'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter F";
beginchar("F", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(7/6x_height#+trijut#), caprat*(3/2x_height#), 
               caprat*desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=2/3h; bot y2=-d;
% bars
z3=z4=z1;
rt x5= rt x6=w-pcshiftx; top y5=h; y6=y4;
x7=0.5[x4,x6]; y7=y6-2thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);            % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);  
draw_urswish(3,5);               % top bar
draw z4..z7{right}..{pdir}z6;    % bottom bar
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100);
endchar; % end "F"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{G}
% The letter `G'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter G";
beginchar("G", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(4/3x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 
               caprat*desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
numeric alpha; alpha:=thin;
pickup quill;
% top bar
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=h+alpha;
rt x3=w-pcshiftx; top y3=h-alpha;
% diagonal
rt x2=3/4w; top y2=h-alpha;
x4=1/4w; y4=0;
% the bowl
rt x6=w-pcshiftx; y6=-1/2d;
x7=1/2w; bot y7=-d;
lft x8=pcshiftx; top y8=-1/2d;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_wave(1,3,alpha);                  % top bar
draw z2--z4;                           % diagonal
draw z4{pdir}..z6{down}..z7{left}..z8; % the bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "G"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{H}
% The letter `H'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter H";
beginchar("H", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), caprat*asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
% bowl
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; y5=h/(2ascratio);
lft x6=2/3w; bot y6=0;
x4=0.5[x1,x5]; top y4=h/ascratio;
x1'=rt x1;
bowl_stem(4,1');
lft x3=x4i; bot y3=y4i;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                    % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw z3{pdir}..z4{right}..z5{down}..z6;  % bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "H"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{I}
% The letter I.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter I";
beginchar("I", 2u#+hstretch*(thick#+trijut#+jut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,100);
endchar; % end "I"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{J}
% The letter `J'. This letter was not in the script, it being a later invention.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter J";
beginchar("J", 2u#+hstretch*(thick#+trijut#), caprat*x_height#, caprat*desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=-1/2d;
lft x3=pcshiftx; bot y3=-d;
%%ductus:=true;
draw z1--z2{down}..{-pdir}z3;
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,100);
endchar; % end "J"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{K}
% The letter `K'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter K";
beginchar("K", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#+jut#), caprat*asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
% for the flick
numeric rise,fall,fjut;
x3=rt x1; y3=(3/4)*(h/ascratio);
rise:=1/6h; fall:=-rise/2; fjut:=1/2w;
% for the leg
z4=z3;
x5=w-pcshiftx-jut; y5=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);            % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw_flick(3,rise,fall,fjut);    % upper diag
draw_tstem(4,5,srad);            % lower diag
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,100);
endchar; % end "K"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{L}
% The letter `L'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter L";
beginchar("L", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(7/6x_height#+trijut#), caprat*asc_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=0;
z3=z2;
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; bot y4=1/10h;
%%ductus:=true;
draw z1--z2;
draw_triserif(1,trijut);                    % the stem
draw z3{right}..{pdir}z4;                   % the foot
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "L"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{M}
% The letter `M'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter M";
beginchar("M", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(5/3x_height#+trijut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx+trijut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
x4=w/2; y4=2/3h;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; top y3=h;
x5=x4; y5=y2;
z6=z4;
x7=3/4w; top y7=h;
rt x8=w-pcshiftx; y8=h/2;
lft x9=3/4w; y9=y2;
x14=x1; y14=y4;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                             % left half
draw_triserif(1,trijut);        
draw z14..z3{right}..{down}z4;  
draw_tstem(4,5,srad);                             % middle stem
draw z6..z7{right}..z8{down}..{-pdir}z9;          % right half
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,14,100);
endchar; % end "M"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{N}
% The letter `N'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter N";
beginchar("N", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#+jut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% left stem
lft x1=pcshiftx+trijut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
x1'=rt x1;
% right stem
rt x5=w-pcshiftx-jut; y5=h/2;
x6=x5; bot y6=0;
x4=0.5[x1,x5]; top y4=h;
bowl_stem(4,1');
lft x3=x4i; bot y3=y4i;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                % left stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw_tstem(5,6,srad);                % right stem
draw z3{pdir}..z4{right}..{down}z5;  % the bowl top
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "N"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{O}
% The letter `O'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter O";
beginchar("O", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(7/6x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h+o; bot y4=-o;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3..z4..cycle;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "O"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{P}
% The letter `P'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter P";
beginchar("P", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(7/6x_height#+trijut#), caprat*x_height#, 
               caprat*desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=h; bot y2=-d;
% bowl
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; 
x3=x5=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0; top y5=h;
y4=0.5[y3,y5];
x1'=rt x1;
bowl_stem(5,1');
lft x7=x5i; bot y7=y5i;
lft x8=rt x1; bot y8=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                         % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw z8{right}..z4{up}..z5{left}..{-pdir}z7;  % bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "P"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{Q}
% The letter `Q'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter Q";
beginchar("Q", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(7/6x_height#+jut#), caprat*x_height#, 
               caprat*desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% right stem
rt x1=w-pcshiftx-jut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=-d;
lft x5=pcshiftx;
top y4=h; bot y6=0;
x4=x6=0.5[x5,x1']; y5=0.5[y6,y4];
x1'=lft x1;
bowl_stem(6,1');
rt x7=x6i; top y7=y6i;
z8=z1;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                              % stem
draw z8{left}..z5{down}..z6{right}..{pdir}z7;  % bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "Q"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{R}
% The letter `R'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter R";
beginchar("R", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut; top y1=h; bot y2=0;
% bowl
lft x3=rt x1; bot y3=7/8h;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; top y5=1/2h;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                     % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
draw z3{pdir}..{pdir}z5;                  % bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,100);
endchar; % end "R"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{S}
% The letter `S'. This is a `long' S.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter S";
beginchar("S", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), caprat*(3/2x_height#), 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut; top y1=2/3h; bot y2=0;
% arm
x5=w-pcshiftx; y5=h;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);            % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);  
%%draw z1{pdir}..{right}z5;        % arm
draw_urswish(1,5);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,11,17,26,27,28,100);
endchar; % end "S"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{T}
% The letter `T'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter T";
beginchar("T", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(4/3x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% bowl
lft x1=pcshiftx+1/4w; rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y1=h/3; y3=h/2;
x2=x4=0.5[x1,x3]; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x6=x3;
x6'=w-pcshiftx;
bowl_stem(4,6');
rt x5=x4i; top y5=y4i;
top y6=h; 
% arm
lft x12=pcshiftx; top y12=h;
x11=0.5[x6,x12]; y11=y12-thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1{up}..{pdir}z6;   % bowl
draw z6..z11..z12;                            % top bar
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,11,12,100);
endchar; % end "T"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{U}
% The letter `U'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter U";
beginchar("U", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#+jut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% left half first
lft x6=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y6=h;
x7=x6; y7=h/2;
x8=0.5[x6,x1]; bot y8=0;
% the stem
rt x1=w-pcshiftx-jut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; bot y2=0;
% construction points for the curved part
x1'=lft x1;
bowl_stem(8,1');
rt x9=x8i; top y9=y8i;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_triserif(6,trijut);                      % left half
draw z6--z7{down}..z8{right}..{pdir}z9;  
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);                         % right stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,16,100);
endchar; % end "U"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{V}
% The letter `V'. The right half of the `w' is used for the `v' (or vice-versa
% if you prefer).
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter V";
beginchar("V", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(x_height#+trijut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% right side of W
numeric midx; midx:= pcshiftx;
lft x1=midx+trijut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; y2=h/2;
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; y4=y2;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0;
x5=x4-trijut; y5=y1;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_triserif(1,trijut);  
%%draw_triserif(5,trijut);
draw z1--z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;  
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,11,100);
endchar; % end "V"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{W}
% The letter `W'. This is a modern version as the font did not have a W.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter W";
beginchar("W", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(5/3x_height#+trijut#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% right side first
numeric midx; midx:= w/2-trijut;
lft x1=midx+trijut; top y1=h;
x2=x1; y2=h/2;
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; y4=y2;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]; bot y3=0;
x5=x4-trijut; y5=y1;
% left side
lft x6=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y6=h;
%%lft x7=pcshiftx; y7=y2;
x7=x6; y7=y2;
x8=0.5[x7,x1]; y8=y3;
% construction points
x15=0.5[x8,x1]; y15=y8;
z15'=z15 shifted (w*pdir);
x2'=x2; y2'=y15;
path p[];
p1=z1--z2';
p2=z15--z15';
z9= p2 intersectionpoint p1;
pair vec[];
p3=z6..z7{down}..{right}z8;
vec3 = direction 0 of p3;
z16=z6 shifted vec3;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% draw the serifs, then the bowls
draw_triserif(1,trijut);                      % right half
draw z1--z2{down}..z3{right}..z4{up}..z5;  
draw_triserif(6,trijut);                      % left half
draw z6--z7{down}..z8{right}..z9;  
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,16,100);
endchar; % end "W"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{X}
% The letter `X'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter X";
beginchar("X", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(4/3x_height#+jut#), caprat*x_height#, 
               caprat*desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% thick diagonal
lft x1=1/4w; rt x2=w-pcshiftx-jut;
y1=h; y2=0;
% top half of thin diagonal
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; top y4=h;
z3=2/3[z2,z1];
% bottom half
lft x6=pcshiftx; bot y6=-d;
path p[];
pair vec;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_istem(1,2,srad);            % thick diagonal
draw_urswish(3,4);               % top thin diagonal
p1=z3..z4s1{pdir}..z4s2{down};   % bottom thin diagonal
vec= direction 0 of p1;
draw z3{-vec}..{down}z6;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "X"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{Y}
% The letter `Y'. This has a dot on top!
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter Y";
beginchar("Y", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(4/3x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 
               caprat*desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% left stroke
lft x1=pcshiftx; top y1=h;
lft x3=w/2; bot y3=-d;
x2=lft x5; y2=bot y5;
% right stroke
x5=w/2; y5=1/3h;
x4=w-pcshiftx; top y4=h;
% the dot
x8=w/2; y8=h+jut;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3;              % left stroke
draw_urswish(2,4);            % right stroke
draw_pdot(8,dot_size);        % the dot
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,100);
endchar; % end "Y"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{Z}
% The letter `Z'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial letter Z";
beginchar("Z", 2u#+caprat*hstretch*(5/3x_height#), caprat*x_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
numeric alpha, beta; alpha:=thin; beta:=2thin;
pickup quill;
% bottom stroke
lft x4=pcshiftx; bot y4=0; x14=x4; y14=y4+beta;
rt x6=w-pcshiftx; bot y6=-beta;
% top stroke
lft x1=1/5w; top y1=h+alpha;
rt x3=4/5w; top y3=h; x13=x3; y13=y3-alpha;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_wave(1,13,alpha);     % top stroke
draw_wave(14,6,beta);    % bottom stroke
draw z4--z3;             % diagonal
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "Z"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%    The end of this file
%    \begin{macrocode} 
%</maj>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%
% \subsection{The punctuation file}
%
% The main punctuation marks are defined in this file.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*punct>
% HUNCLPUNCT.MF This file contains punctuation marks

%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{,}
%    The `,' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Comma";
beginchar(",",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+dot_size#),x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=w-pcshiftx-(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=h/2;
draw_pcomma(1,dot_size,comma_width);
penlabels(1); 
endchar; % end of ","

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{.}
%    The `.' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Period";
beginchar(".",2u#+hstretch*(dot_size#),x_height#,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=w/2; y1=h/2;
draw_pdot(1,dot_size);
penlabels(1); 
endchar; % end of "."

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{:}
%    The `:' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Colon";
beginchar(":",2u#+hstretch*(dot_size#),x_height#,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=x2=w/2; y1=2/3h; y2=1/3h;
draw_pdot(1,dot_size);
draw_pdot(2,dot_size);
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end ":"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{;}
%    The `;' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Semicolon";
beginchar(";",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+dot_size#),x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=x2=w-pcshiftx-(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=2/3h; y2=1/3h;
draw_pdot(1,dot_size);
draw_pcomma(2,dot_size,comma_width);
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of ";"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{'}
%    The `'' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Apostrophe";
beginchar("'",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+dot_size#),4/3x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=w-pcshiftx-(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=h;
draw_pcomma(1,dot_size,comma_width);
penlabels(1); 
endchar;  % end of "'"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{`}
%    The ``' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial Reverse apostrophe";
beginchar("`",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+dot_size#),4/3x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=pcshiftx+(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=h;
draw_plq(1,dot_size,comma_width);
penlabels(1); 
endchar;  % end of "`"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% The end of this file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</punct>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{The ligatures and dashes file}
%
%    The ligatured letters, punctuation marks and dashes are defined in this file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*lig>
% HUNCLLIG.MF Uncial ligatured letters, punctation and dashes

%    \end{macrocode}
%  First the ligtables.
%    \begin{macrocode}

ligtable "`": "`"=:oct"134";
ligtable "'": "'"=:oct"042"; %% , "?" kern 2u#, "!" kern 2u#;

ligtable "-": "-"=:oct"173";
ligtable oct"173": "-"=:oct"174";

ligtable "f": "i"=:oct"014";

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{routine}{''}
%   The `''' ligature.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial closing quotes";
beginchar(oct"042",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+3dot_size#),4/3x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=w-pcshiftx-(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=y2=h;
x2=x1-(2hstretch*dot_size);
draw_pcomma(1,dot_size,comma_width);  % right
draw_pcomma(2,dot_size,comma_width);  % left
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of "''"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{``}
%   The ```' ligature.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial opening quotes";
beginchar(oct"134",2u#+hstretch*(comma_width#+3dot_size#),4/3x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
x1=pcshiftx+(0.5hstretch*dot_size); y1=y2=h;
x2=x1+(2hstretch*dot_size);
draw_plq(1,dot_size,comma_width); % left
draw_plq(2,dot_size,comma_width); % right
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of "``"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{-}
%   The `-' character.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial hyphen";
beginchar("-",u#+hstretch*(0.8x_height#),x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u/2;
numeric alpha; alpha:=w/8;
pickup quill;
lft x1 = pcshiftx; rt x2=w-pcshiftx; y1=y2=h/2;
x11=lft x1+alpha/2; y11=top y1-0.5thin;
x12=rt x2; y12=bot y1+0.5thin;
draw z1--z2;  % bar
%%draw_triangle(11,alpha);
%%draw_rutriangle(12,alpha);
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of "-"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{--}
%   The -- ligature. 
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial en dash";
beginchar(oct"173",u#+hstretch*(x_height#),x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u/2;
numeric alpha; alpha:=w/8;
pickup quill;
lft x1 = pcshiftx; rt x2=w-pcshiftx; y1=y2=h/2;
x11=lft x1+alpha/2; y11=top y1-0.5thin;
x12=rt x2; y12=bot y1+0.5thin;
draw z1--z2;  % bar
%%draw_triangle(11,alpha);
%%draw_rutriangle(12,alpha);
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of "--"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{---}
%   The `---' ligature. The em dash is twice the width of the en dash.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "Uncial em dash";
beginchar(oct"174",u#+hstretch*(2x_height#),x_height#,0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u/2;
numeric alpha; alpha:=w/8;
pickup quill;
lft x1 = pcshiftx; rt x2=w-pcshiftx; y1=y2=h/2;
x11=lft x1+alpha/2; y11=top y1-0.5thin;
x12=rt x2; y12=bot y1+0.5thin;
draw z1--z2;  % bar
%%draw_triangle(11,alpha);
%%draw_rutriangle(12,alpha);
penlabels(1,2); 
endchar; % end of "---"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{fi}
% The `fi' ligature.
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "HUncial ligature fi";
beginchar(oct"014", 2u#+hstretch*(7/6x_height#+trijut#), (3/2x_height#), desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut;
top y1=2/3h; bot y2=-d;
% bars
z3=z4=z1;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; top y5=h; 
rt x6=w-pcshiftx-jut; y6=y4;
x7=x6; bot y7=0;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
% the f part
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);            % stem
draw_triserif(1,trijut);  
draw_urswish(3,5);               % top bar
draw z4--z6;                     % bottom bar
% the i part
draw_tstem(6,7,srad);            % stem
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100);
endchar; % end of "fi"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{&}
% The ampersand (which is really an `et' ligature).
%    \begin{macrocode}

cmchar "HUncial ampersand";
beginchar("&", 2u#+hstretch*(5/3x_height#), x_height#, 0.5desc_depth#);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx:=u;
numeric alpha; alpha:=3/5w-u;
pickup quill;
% for the e part
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3= alpha; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=alpha/2; top y2=h; bot y4=0;
x3'=alpha;
bowl_stem(4,3');
rt x5=x4i; top y5=y4i;
rt x6=x4i; y5-y4=y2-y6;
% the bar
x7=x1; y7=y1;
rt x8=w-pcshiftx; y8=y7;
% the t part
lft x9=x5; y9=y5;
x10=0.5[x9,x8]; bot y10=-d;
x8'=x8;
bowl_stem(10,8');
x11=x10i; y11=y10i;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z5{-pdir}..{left}z4..z1..z2..z6;     % the E bowl
draw z7--z8;                              % the (top) bar
draw z8{left}..z9..z10{right}..{pdir}z11;       % the T bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,16,17,18,31,32,33);
endchar; % end of "&"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% The end of this file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</lig>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{The digits file}
%
%    These are arabic digits in the style of the book-hand. They are a
% modern invention.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*dig>
% HUNCLDIG.MF  Program file for Half Uncial digits
%

%    \end{macrocode}
% 
%
% \begin{routine}{1}
% The digit `1'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial digit 1";
beginchar("1", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
x1=x2=w/2;
y1=h; bot y2=0;
%%ductus:=true;
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);
draw_triserif(1,trijut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,100);
endchar; % end "1"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{2}
% The digit `2'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial digit 2";
beginchar("2", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% stem
lft x1=pcshiftx+o; top y1=h-2thin;
x2=1/2w; top y2= h+o;
rt x3=w-pcshiftx-o; y3=3/4h;
% foot
lft x5=pcshiftx; bot y5=0;
rt x6=w-pcshiftx; y6=y5;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2{right}..z3{down}..{-pdir}z5;    % curve
draw z5--z6;                                % foot
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "2"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{3}
% The digit `3'. 
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial digit 3";
beginchar("3", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% x values
lft x3=pcshiftx; x10=x3;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; x8=x5-3thin;
x4=0.5[x3,x5];
x9=0.5[x10,x8];
lft x6=pcshiftx+3thin; x7=x6;
% y values
bot y3=thin; top y10=h-2thin;
y6=0.5[y3,y10]; y7=y6;
bot y4=-thin; top y9=h+thin;
y5=0.5[y3,y6];
y8=11/12[y7,y10];
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z3..z4{right}..z5{up}...{-pdir}z6;                 % bottom bowl
draw z7{pdir}...z8{up}..z9{left}..z10;                   % top bowl
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,100);
endchar; % end "3"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{4}
% The digit `4'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial digit 4";
beginchar("4", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% the stem
x1=x2=w-pcshiftx-jut;
y1=h; bot y2=0;
% the crossbar
lft x3=pcshiftx; y3=0.33h;
rt x4=w-pcshiftx; y4=y3;
% the diagonal
lft x5=pcshiftx+jut; y5=h;
x6=x5; y6=y4;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw_tstem(1,2,srad);              % main stem
draw z3--z4;                       % crossbar
draw z3{pdir}..{pdir}z1;           % diagonal
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "4"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%
% \begin{routine}{5}
% The digit `5'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial digit 5";
beginchar("5", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% for the top
rt x1=w-pcshiftx; top y1=h;
lft x2=pcshiftx+trijut; y2=y1;
% the S curve
x3=x2; y3=0.5h+thin;
x4=0.5[x1,x3]; y4=0.5[y3,y5];
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; y5=0.3h;
x6=w/2; bot y6=0;
lft x7=pcshiftx+trijut; bot y7=2thin;
%%x8=w-pcshiftx; y8=h-0.5thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
%%draw_wave(2,1,thin);                      % top squiggle
draw z2--z1;                              % top bar
%%draw_rtriangle(8,3/4jut);
draw z3{pdir}..z5{down}..z6{left}..z7;    % curve
draw z2--z3;                            % vertical
draw_triserif(2,trijut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,100);
endchar; % end "5"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{6}
% The digit `6'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial digit 6";
beginchar("6", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
rt x1=w-pcshiftx; top y1=h-2thin;
x2=1/2w; top y2= h;
lft x3=pcshiftx; y3=1/2h;
x4=x2; bot y4=0;
rt x5=w-pcshiftx; y5=1/4h;
lft x6=rt x3; bot y6=y3;
x8=w-pcshiftx; y8=h-0.5thin;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2{left}..z3{down}..z4{right}..z5{up}..{-pdir}z6;
%%draw z1{left}..z3{down}..z4{right}..z5{up}..{-pdir}z6;
%%draw_rtriangle(8,3/4jut);
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,8,100);
endchar; % end "6"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{7}
% The digit `7'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial digit 7";
beginchar("7", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
% top bar
lft x1=pcshiftx;
rt x2=w-pcshiftx;
top y1=top y2=h;
x8=pcshiftx+3/8jut; y8=h-0.5thin;
% bowed leg
x4=w/2; bot y4=0;
x3=0.5[x2,x4]-3thin; y3=0.5[y2,y4];
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1--z2;                 % top bar
%%draw_triangle(8,3/4jut);
draw z2..z3..z4;             % leg
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,100);
endchar; % end "7"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{8}
% The digit `8'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial digit 8";
beginchar("8", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
numeric alpha; alpha:=1;
pickup quill;
lft x1=alpha*pcshiftx+o; rt x3=w-alpha*pcshiftx-o; y1=y3=3/4h;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h+o; bot y4=-o;
x5=x2; y5=h/2+2o;
lft x11=pcshiftx; rt x13=w-pcshiftx; y11=y13=1/4h;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3..z5..z11..z4..z13..z5..cycle;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,11,13,100);
endchar; % end "8"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
% \begin{routine}{9}
% The digit `9'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "HUncial digit 9";
beginchar("9", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; bot y1=2thin;
x2=1/2w; bot y2= 0;
rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y3=1/2h;
x4=x2; top y4=h;
lft x5=pcshiftx; y5=3/4h;
rt x6=lft x3; top y6=y3;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2{right}..z3{up}..z4{left}..z5{down}..{pdir}z6;
ductus:=false;
penlabels(1,2,3,4,5,6,100);
endchar; % end "9"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
% \begin{routine}{0}
% The digit `0'.
%    \begin{macrocode}
cmchar "Uncial digit 0";
beginchar("0", 2u#+fig_width#, fig_height#, 0);
adjust_fit(0,0);
pcshiftx := u;
y100 = h/2; x100 = pcshiftx+y100;  % square center
pickup quill;
lft x1=pcshiftx; rt x3=w-pcshiftx; y1=y3=h/2;
x2=x4=w/2; top y2=h+o; bot y4=-o;
%%ductus:=true;
if ductus:
  pickup stylus;
fi
draw z1..z2..z3..z4..cycle;
ductus:=false;
proofpcbb(100, y100, y100);
penlabels(1,2,3,4,100);
endchar; % end "0"

%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{routine}
%
%
%
%
% The end of this file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</dig>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{The font definition files} \label{sec:fd}
%
%    The font comes in normal and bold weights only.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*fdot1>
\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{huncl}{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{huncl}{m}{n}{ <-8.5> huncl7 <8.5-15> huncl10 <15-> huncl17 }{} 
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{huncl}{m}{sl}{ <-> sub * huncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{huncl}{m}{it}{ <-> sub * huncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{huncl}{m}{sc}{ <-> sub * huncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{huncl}{m}{u}{ <-> sub * huncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{huncl}{bx}{n}{ <-8.5> hunclb7 <8.5-15> hunclb10 <15-> hunclb17 }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{huncl}{bx}{it}{ <-> sub * huncl/bx/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{huncl}{bx}{sl}{ <-> sub * huncl/bx/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OT1}{huncl}{b}{n}{ <-> sub * huncl/bx/n }{}
%</fdot1>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*fdt1>
\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{huncl}{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{huncl}{m}{n}{ <-8.5> huncl7 <8.5-15> huncl10 <15-> huncl17 }{} 
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{huncl}{m}{sl}{ <-> sub * huncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{huncl}{m}{it}{ <-> sub * huncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{huncl}{m}{sc}{ <-> sub * huncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{huncl}{m}{u}{ <-> sub * huncl/m/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{huncl}{bx}{n}{ <-8.5> hunclb7 <8.5-15> hunclb10 <15-> hunclb17 }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{huncl}{bx}{it}{ <-> sub * huncl/bx/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{huncl}{bx}{sl}{ <-> sub * huncl/bx/n }{}
  \DeclareFontShape{T1}{huncl}{b}{n}{ <-> sub * huncl/bx/n }{}
%</fdt1>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{The package code} \label{sec:code}
%
% \subsection{The \Lpack{huncial} package}
%
%    The \Lpack{huncial} package is for typesetting short pieces of text
% in the \thisfont{} fonts.
%
%    Announce the name and version of the package, which requires
% \LaTeXe{}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*usc>
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{huncial}[1999/05/22 v1.0 package for Half Uncial fonts]
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\Tienc}
%  A  macro for testing the value of |\encodingdefault|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand{\Tienc}{T1}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \begin{macro}{\hunclfamily}
%    Selects the \thisfont{} font family in the OT1 or T1 encoding.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\Tienc\encodingdefault
  \newcommand{\hunclfamily}{\usefont{T1}{huncl}{m}{n}}
\else
  \newcommand{\hunclfamily}{\usefont{OT1}{huncl}{m}{n}}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\texthuncl}
%    Text command for the \thisfont{} font family.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\texthuncl}{\hunclfamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%    The end of this package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</usc>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{The \Lpack{allhuncl} package}
%
%    The \Lpack{allhuncl} package is intended for use when the entire document
% will be typeset in the book-hand. This is a minimal package. Because the
% book-hand should not contain arabic digits a fuller package would redefine
% anything numbered in \LaTeX{} to use roman instead of arabic numbering.
% Also, because of the large |\baselineskip| many other aspects of \LaTeX{}
% to do with vertical positioning should also be redefined. 
%
%
%    Announce the name and version of the package, which requires
% \LaTeXe{}. It also uses the \Lpack{huncial} package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*uscall>
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{allhuncl}[1999/05/22 v1.0 package for all Half Uncial fonts]
\RequirePackage{huncial}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\Tienc}
%  A  macro for testing the value of |\encodingdefault|.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\providecommand{\Tienc}{T1}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%  Redefine the default fonts to be \thisfont, which has only one family 
% member.
% \begin{macro}{\rmdefault}
% \begin{macro}{\sfdefault}
% \begin{macro}{\ttdefault}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{huncl}
\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{huncl}
\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{huncl}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% The `leading' in the book-hands is a function of the |x-height|, which is 
% normally much
% greater than for the CMR fonts. I have borrowed code from Frank Jensen's
% \Lpack{beton} package~\cite{BETON} to do this. The |x-height| (in points) 
% for the CMR
% fonts is given in Table~\ref{tab:cmrx}. Note that the CMR design sizes are
% 5--10, 12, and 17.28 points. The other values given are scaled from these 
% figures.
%
% \begin{table}
% \centering
% \caption{The x heights of the CMR and \thisfont{} fonts} \label{tab:cmrx}
% \begin{tabular}{ccc} \hline
% Design & CMR & \thisfont \\
% Size & X Height & X Height \\ \hline
% 5 & 2.14 & 2.29 \\     ^^A CMR skip = 6pt = 2.8 times
% 6 & 2.58 & 2.76 \\     ^^A CMR skip = 7pt = 2.7 times
% 7 & 3.00 & 3.21 \\     ^^A CMR skip = 8pt = 2.7 times
% 8 & 3.44 & 3.68 \\     ^^A CMR skip = 9.5pt = 2.8 times
% 9 & 3.86 & 4.13 \\     ^^A CMR skip = 11pt = 2.8 times
% 10 & 4.31 & 4.61 \\    ^^A CMR skip = 12pt = 2.8 times
% 11 & 4.74 & 5.08 \\    ^^A CMR skip = 13.6pt = 2.8 times
% 12 & 5.17 & 5.53 \\    ^^A CMR skip = 14.5pt = 2.8 times
% 14 & 6.03 & 6.45 \\    ^^A CMR skip = 18pt = 3.0 times
% 17 & 7.44 & 7.96 \\    ^^A CMR skip = 22pt = 3.0 times
% 20 & 8.75 & 9.36  \\   ^^A CMR skip = 25pt = 2.9 times
% 25 & 10.94 & 11.71 \\  ^^A CMR skip = 30pt = 2.7 times
% \hline
% \end{tabular}
% \end{table}
%
% \begin{macro}{\huncial@baselineskip@table}
% A table of the normal font sizes and the corresponding baselineskip.
% The distance between baselines for \thisfont{} is over twice 
% the |x-height|.  ^^A actually 2.5 times
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\huncial@baselineskip@table}{%
  <\@vpt>5.7%
  <\@vipt>6.9%
  <\@viipt>8.0%
  <\@viiipt>9.2%
  <\@ixpt>10.3%
  <\@xpt>11.5%
  <\@xipt>12.7%
  <\@xiipt>13.8%
  <\@xivpt>16.1%
  <\@xviipt>19.9%
  <\@xxpt>23.4%
  <\@xxvpt>29.3}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\huncial@new@setfontsize}
%  This is a macro that replaces the |\@setfontsize| macro which is called by
% the font size changing commands.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\newcommand{\huncial@new@setfontsize}[3]{%
  \edef\@tempa{\def\noexpand\@tempb####1<#2}%
  \@tempa>##2<##3\@nil{\def\huncial@baselineskip@value{##2}}%
  \edef\@tempa{\noexpand\@tempb\huncial@baselineskip@table<#2}%
  \@tempa><\@nil
  \ifx\huncial@baselineskip@value\@empty
    \def\huncial@baselineskip@value{#3}%
  \fi
  \huncial@old@setfontsize{#1}{#2}\huncial@baselineskip@value}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% We had better give an author a means of using The Computer Modern fonts
% if necessary.
%
% \begin{macro}{\cmrfamily}
% \begin{macro}{\cmssfamily}
% \begin{macro}{\cmttfamily}
%    These macros select the Computer Modern Roman, Sans, and Typewriter 
% font families in either the T1 or OT1 encodings.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\Tienc\encodingdefault
  \providecommand{\cmrfamily}{\usefont{T1}{cmr}{m}{n}}
  \providecommand{\cmssfamily}{\usefont{T1}{cmss}{m}{n}}
  \providecommand{\cmttfamily}{\usefont{T1}{cmtt}{m}{n}}
\else
  \providecommand{\cmrfamily}{\usefont{OT1}{cmr}{m}{n}}
  \providecommand{\cmssfamily}{\usefont{OT1}{cmss}{m}{n}}
  \providecommand{\cmttfamily}{\usefont{OT1}{cmtt}{m}{n}}
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\textcmr}
%    Text command for the Computer Modern Roman font family.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcmr}{\cmrfamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\textcmss}
%    Text command for the Computer Modern Sans font family.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcmss}{\cmssfamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\textcmtt}
%    Text command for the Computer Modern Typewriter font family.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcmtt}{\cmttfamily}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% At the start of the document, change the |\@setfontsize| macro and call
% the normal font to implement the change.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\AtBeginDocument{%
  \let\huncial@old@setfontsize=\@setfontsize
  \let\@setfontsize=\huncial@new@setfontsize}
\AtBeginDocument{\normalsize}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%    The end of this package.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</uscall>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
%
% \bibliographystyle{alpha}
% \renewcommand{\refname}{Bibliography}
% \begin{thebibliography}{GMS94}
% \addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}
%
% \bibitem[And69]{ANDERSON69}
% Donald M.~Anderson.
% \newblock {\em The Art of Written Forms: The Theory and Practice of Calligraphy}.
% \newblock Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969.
%
% \bibitem[Bol95]{BOLOGNA95}
% Giulia Bologna.
% \newblock {\em Illuminated Manuscripts: The Book before Gutenberg}.
% \newblock Crescent Books, 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Day95]{DAY95}
% Lewis F.~Day.
% \newblock {\em Alphabets Old \& New}.
% \newblock (3rd edition originally published by B.~T.~Batsford, 1910) 
% \newblock Senate, 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Dro80]{DROGIN80}
% Marc Drogin.
% \newblock {\em Medieval Calligraphy: Its History and Technique}.
% \newblock Allenheld, Osmun \& Co., 1980.
%
% \bibitem[Dru95]{DRUCKER95}
% Johanna Drucker.
% \newblock {\em The Alphabetic Labyrinth}.
% \newblock Thames \& Hudson, 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Fir93]{FIRMAGE93}
% Richard A.~Firmage.
% \newblock {\em The Alphabet Abecedarium}.
% \newblock David R~Goodine, 1993.
%
% \bibitem[Fli98]{LETTRINE}
% Daniel Flipo.
% \newblock {\em The LETTRINE package}.
% \newblock (Available from CTAN in \texttt{macros/latex/contrib/supported}). 
% \newblock 1998.
%
% \bibitem[Har95]{HARRIS95}
% David Harris.
% \newblock {\em The Art of Calligraphy}.
% \newblock DK Publishing, 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Jen95]{BETON}
% Frank Jensen.
% \newblock {\em The BETON package}.
% \newblock (Available from CTAN in \texttt{macros/latex/contrib/supported}). 
% \newblock 1995.
%
% \bibitem[Joh71]{JOHNSTON75}
% Edward Johnston (ed. Heather Child).
% \newblock {\em Formal Penship and Other Papers}.
% \newblock Penthalic, 1971.
%
% \bibitem[Knu87]{CM}
% Donald E.~Knuth.
% \newblock {\em Computer Modern Typefaces}.
% \newblock Addison-Wesley, 1987.
%
% \bibitem[Knu92]{METAFONT}
% Donald E.~Knuth.
% \newblock {\em The METAFONTbook}.
% \newblock Addison-Wesley, 1992.
%
% \bibitem[GMS94]{GOOSSENS94}
% Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin.
% \newblock {\em The LaTeX Companion}.
% \newblock Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1994.
%
% \bibitem[Tho75]{THOMAS75}
% Alan G.~Thomas.
% \newblock {\em Great Books and Book Collectors}.
% \newblock Weidenfield and Nichoson, 1975.
%
% \bibitem[Wil99]{DOCMFP}
% Peter R.~Wilson.
% \newblock {\em The DOCMFP Package}.
% \newblock (Available from CTAN in \texttt{macros/latex/contrib/supported}). 
% \newblock 1999.
%
% \bibitem[Wil99b]{ROMANNUM}
% Peter R.~Wilson.
% \newblock {\em The ROMANNUM Package}.
% \newblock (Available from CTAN in \texttt{macros/latex/contrib/supported}). 
% \newblock 1999.
%
% \end{thebibliography}
%
%
% \Finale
% \PrintIndex
%
\endinput

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