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<body>
<div class="document" id="isomath-sty-math-for-scientists">
<h1 class="title">isomath.sty: Math for scientists</h1>

<dl class="docinfo">
<dt class="copyright">Copyright</dt>
<dd class="copyright">© 2008, 2010 Günter Milde</dd>
<dt>Licence</dt>
<dd><p>This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
conditions of the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt">LaTeX Project Public License</a>, either
version&nbsp;1.3 of this license or (at your option) any later version.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Identification</dt>
<dd><pre class="literal-block">\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{isomath}
[2011/02/01 v0.5 ISO math style]
</pre>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="abstract topic">
<p class="topic-title first">Abstract</p>
<p>The <cite>isomath</cite> package enables formatting Greek and Latin
letters as symbols for vectors, matrices, and tensors
in the typefaces recommended for scientific papers
by the International Standard ISO&nbsp;80000-2.</p>
</div>
<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#history" id="id3">History</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#requirements" id="id4">Requirements</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#fixmath-sty" id="id5">fixmath.sty</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#kvoptions-sty" id="id6">kvoptions.sty</a></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#options" id="id7">Options</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#rmdefault" id="id8">rmdefault</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#sfdefault" id="id9">sfdefault</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#scaled" id="id10">scaled</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets" id="id11">reuseMathAlphabets</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#omlmath" id="id12">OMLmath*</a></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#declarations" id="id13">Declarations</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets" id="id14">Math alphabets</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#mathbfit" id="id15">mathbfit</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#mathsfit" id="id16">mathsfit</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#mathsfbfit" id="id17">mathsfbfit</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#redefine-standard-alphabets" id="id18">Redefine standard alphabets</a></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#command-aliases" id="id19">Command aliases</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#vectorsym" id="id20">\vectorsym</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#matrixsym" id="id21">\matrixsym</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#tensorsym" id="id22">\tensorsym</a></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#font-mappings" id="id23">Font mappings</a></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#common-family-name-for-text-and-math" id="id24">Common family name for text and math</a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#scaling" id="id25">Scaling</a></p></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#references" id="id26">References</a></p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="history">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">History</a></h1>
<table class="borderless booktabs numbered align-left">
<colgroup>
<col width="4%" />
<col width="17%" />
<col width="79%" />
</colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><p>0.1</p></td>
<td><p>2008-09-25</p></td>
<td><p>first public version.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.2</p></td>
<td><p>2008-10-02</p></td>
<td><p>bugfix: a usage example was uncommented;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p></p></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>updated documentation;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p></p></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>define mathsans only if OMLmathsans is true;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p></p></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>option reuseMathalphabets -&gt; reuseMathAlphabets.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.3</p></td>
<td><p>2009-06-19</p></td>
<td><p>documentation update;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p></p></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>fix OMLmathrm and OMLmathsans definitions;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p></p></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>switch license to LPP.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.4</p></td>
<td><p>2010-08-23</p></td>
<td><p>split user documentation from literate source;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p></p></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>option <tt class="literal">scaled</tt>;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p></p></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>documentation update.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p>0.5</p></td>
<td><p>2011-01-04</p></td>
<td><p>math alphabet names matching Unicode;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p></p></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>documentation review and extension;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p></p></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>bold alphabet variants in <tt class="literal">bold</tt> math version;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr><td><p></p></td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>upright numbers with <tt class="literal">\vectorsym</tt>.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="requirements">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Requirements</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="fixmath-sty">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">fixmath.sty</a></h2>
<p>The package <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a> by Walter Schmidt defines Greek letters as symbols
of type <tt class="literal">\mathalpha</tt> and takes them from the <tt class="literal">letters</tt> SymbolFont in
<tt class="literal">\mathnormal</tt> (as opposed to <tt class="literal">operators</tt> in <tt class="literal">fontmath.ltx</tt>).</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a> also defines the <tt class="literal">\mathbold</tt> alphabet, setting it to <tt class="literal">cmm</tt>.
This definition will be overwritten with a configurable value for
the font family below.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\RequirePackage{fixmath}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kvoptions-sty">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">kvoptions.sty</a></h2>
<p>The <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/kvoptions.html">kvoptions</a> package in the <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/oberdiek.html">oberdiek</a> bundle facilitates the setup of
package options and provides a key=value interface (based on <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/keyval.html">keyval</a>):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\RequirePackage{kvoptions}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="options">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Options</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="rmdefault">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">rmdefault</a></h2>
<p>Family for roman math fonts. Must be available in OML
encoding. The default is to use the corresponding text font family
(<tt class="literal">\rmdefault</tt>).</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\DeclareStringOption[\rmdefault]{rmdefault}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="sfdefault">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id9">sfdefault</a></h2>
<p>Family for sans-serif math fonts. The default selects <cite>CM Bright</cite>, as
most sans serif fonts are not available in OML encoding:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\DeclareStringOption[cmbr]{sfdefault}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="scaled">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id10">scaled</a></h2>
<p>The sans-serif fonts, <tt class="literal">fav</tt> (Arev), <tt class="literal">llcmss</tt> (LX Fonts), and
<tt class="literal">iwona</tt> can be scaled with the <tt class="literal">scaled</tt> option.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\DeclareStringOption[1.0]{scaled}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="reusemathalphabets">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id11">reuseMathAlphabets</a></h2>
<p>The definition of new <a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math alphabets</a> can lead to a “too many math
alphabets used in version normal” error.</p>
<p>As a workaround, this option tells <cite>isomath</cite> to re-use the existing
<tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt> and <tt class="literal">\mathsf</tt> alphabets for <em>italic</em> bold and sans-serif
bold.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\DeclareBoolOption{reuseMathAlphabets}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="omlmath">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id12">OMLmath*</a></h2>
<p>The following options cause <cite>isomath</cite> to (re)define the corresponding
<a class="reference internal" href="#math-alphabets">math alphabets</a> in OML encoding:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathrm}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathbf}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathsf}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathsfit}
\DeclareBoolOption{OMLmathtt}
% backwards compatibility option alias
\DeclareVoidOption{OMLmathsans}{\isomath&#64;OMLmathsfittrue}
</pre>
<p>Setting these options enables access to small Greek letters in
different shapes with e.g. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\mathrm{\pi}</span></tt> <em>if an OML encoded font
is available</em>. Currently, only the <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/mathdesign.html">mathdesign</a> fonts support roman in
OML encoding.</p>
<p>With some packages, these options can result in a “too many math alphabets
used in version normal” error.</p>
<hr class="docutils" />
<p>Process the options with <tt class="literal">kvoptions</tt> extensions:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\ProcessKeyvalOptions*
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="declarations">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id13">Declarations</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="math-alphabets">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id14">Math alphabets</a></h2>
<p>In math, LaTeX uses “absolute” fontnames instead of a selection by
family, shape, and weight because typefaces have a semantic meaning
<a class="citation-reference" href="#fntguide" id="id1">[fntguide]</a>.</p>
<p><cite>isomath</cite> defines a math alphabet for every required font variant and
optionally re-defines the standard math alphabets in <cite>OML</cite> font encoding.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, the number of math alphabets in one math version is
limited to 16, so we have to be carefull not to exceed this. The
<tt class="literal">reuseMathAlphabets</tt> option reduces the number of math alphabet
definitions by two, with the side effect of italic shape with
<tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt> and <tt class="literal">\mathsf</tt> commands:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\ifisomath&#64;reuseMathAlphabets
  \PackageWarningNoLine{isomath}{%
    Re-using math alphabet `mathsf' for \protect \mathsfbfit
    \MessageBreak and `mathbf' for \protect \mathbfit
  }
\fi
</pre>
<div class="section" id="mathbfit">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id15">mathbfit</a></h3>
<p>The <em>bold italic</em> math alphabet is named <tt class="literal">\mathbfit</tt> like in
<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/unicode-math.html">unicode-math</a> (with an alias <tt class="literal">\mathbold</tt> like in <a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/fixmath.html">fixmath</a> and
related packages). With the <a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets">reuseMathAlphabets</a> option, the roman bold
math alphabet <tt class="literal">\mathbf</tt> is redefined and <tt class="literal">\mathbfit</tt> made an
alias. The series selector <tt class="literal">bx</tt> (bold extended) is used, because it
is better supported than <tt class="literal">b</tt>. (Is there any LaTeX math font
distinguishing between <tt class="literal">b</tt> and <tt class="literal">bx</tt>?)</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\ifisomath&#64;reuseMathAlphabets
  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathbf}{OML}{\isomath&#64;rmdefault}{bx}{it}
  \def\mathbfit{\mathbf}
\else
  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathbfit}{OML}{\isomath&#64;rmdefault}{bx}{it}
\fi
</pre>
<p>alias (overwriting the definition from fixmath):</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\renewcommand{\mathbold}{\mathbfit}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mathsfit">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id16">mathsfit</a></h3>
<p>For <em>sans-serif italic</em>, we define a new alphabet <tt class="literal">\mathsfit</tt> (with
the alias <tt class="literal">\mathsans</tt> in analogy to <tt class="literal">\mathbold</tt>). As this typeface
is not required by ISO 80000-2 and TeX limits the number of math alphabets
to 16 per math version, it is only defined if the <tt class="literal">OMLmathsfit</tt> or
<tt class="literal">OMLmathsans</tt> option is set:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\ifisomath&#64;OMLmathsfit
  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathsfit}{OML}{\isomath&#64;sfdefault}{m}{it}
  \SetMathAlphabet{\mathsfit}{bold}{OML}{\isomath&#64;sfdefault}{bx}{it}
  \def\mathsans{\mathsfit}
\fi
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mathsfbfit">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id17">mathsfbfit</a></h3>
<p>The <em>sans serif bold italic</em> alphabet is used for tensor symbols.
Following the Unicode math name scheme it is called
<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">\mathsfbfit``(with</span> the backwards compatibility alias <span class="pre">``\mathboldsans</span></tt>).
With the <a class="reference internal" href="#reusemathalphabets">reuseMathAlphabets</a> option, the upright sans serif math
alphabet <tt class="literal">\mathsf</tt> is redefined and <tt class="literal">\mathsfbfit</tt> made an
alias to it:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\ifisomath&#64;reuseMathAlphabets
  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathsf}{OML}{\isomath&#64;sfdefault}{bx}{it}
  \def\mathsfbfit{\mathsf}
\else
  \DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathsfbfit}{OML}{\isomath&#64;sfdefault}{bx}{it}
\fi
\def\mathboldsans{\mathsfbfit}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="redefine-standard-alphabets">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id18">Redefine standard alphabets</a></h3>
<p>Redefine standard alphabets in <cite>OML</cite> font encoding
if the corresponding <a class="reference internal" href="#omlmath">OMLmath*</a> option is true:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\ifisomath&#64;OMLmathrm
  \SetMathAlphabet{\mathrm}{normal}{OML}{\isomath&#64;rmdefault}{m}{n}
  \SetMathAlphabet{\mathrm}{bold}{OML}{\isomath&#64;rmdefault}{bx}{n}
\fi
\ifisomath&#64;OMLmathbf
  \SetMathAlphabet{\mathbf}{normal}{OML}{\isomath&#64;rmdefault}{bx}{n}
\fi
\ifisomath&#64;OMLmathsf
  \SetMathAlphabet{\mathsf}{normal}{OML}{\isomath&#64;sfdefault}{m}{n}
  \SetMathAlphabet{\mathsf}{bold}{OML}{\isomath&#64;sfdefault}{bx}{n}
\fi
\ifisomath&#64;OMLmathtt
  \SetMathAlphabet{\mathtt}{normal}{OML}{\ttdefault}{m}{n}
  \SetMathAlphabet{\mathtt}{bold}{OML}{\ttdefault}{bx}{n}
\fi
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="command-aliases">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id19">Command aliases</a></h2>
<p>The following macros allow semantic markup of mathematical symbols.
The argument is typeset as proposed by ISO 80000-2 and
<a class="reference external" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/typefaces.pdf">Typefaces for Symbols in Scientific Manuscripts</a>.</p>
<div class="section" id="vectorsym">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id20">\vectorsym</a></h3>
<p>Alphabetic vectors symbols are typeset <em>boldface italic</em> while numeric
ones (e.g. zero vector) are typeset <em>boldface upright</em>. The number
test is a simplified version from the LaTeX FAQ
<a class="reference external" href="http://mail.tug.org/texlive/Contents/live/texmf-dist/doc/generic/FAQ-en/html/FAQ-isitanum.html">Is the argument a number?</a>
It fails if a number is followed by a non-number, e.g. <tt class="literal">\vectorsym{1a}</tt>,
but this is no valid vector symbol and would look strange with the
<tt class="literal">\vec</tt> accent, too.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\providecommand*{\vectorsym}[1]{%
  \ifnum9&lt;1#1%
    \mathbf{#1}%
  \else%
    \mathbfit{#1}%
  \fi}
</pre>
<p>For easier writing or to make existing documents conform to the standard,
you might want to re-define the standard <tt class="literal">\vec</tt> command after loading this
package.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="matrixsym">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id21">\matrixsym</a></h3>
<p>Symbols for matrices are typeset <em>boldface italic</em>, i. e. in the same face
as vectors.</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\providecommand*{\matrixsym}{\vectorsym}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tensorsym">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id22">\tensorsym</a></h3>
<p>Symbols for tensors are <em>sans-serif bold italic</em>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\providecommand*{\tensorsym}{\mathsfbfit}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="font-mappings">
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id23">Font mappings</a></h2>
<p>Substitutions needed for the math alphabet definitions and setup for
scaled fonts. For details about the font definition macros see
<a class="citation-reference" href="#fntguide" id="id2">[fntguide]</a>.</p>
<div class="section" id="common-family-name-for-text-and-math">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id24">Common family name for text and math</a></h3>
<p>Some font packages provide matching text and math font but do not
define a substitution in their <tt class="literal">*.fd</tt> files. Ideally, the following
mappings should be moved there.</p>
<p>Mathpazo (Palatino) ppl ↔ zplm</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{ppl}{\skewchar\font127}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ppl}{m}{it}{&lt;-&gt; ssub * zplm/m/it}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ppl}{bx}{it}{&lt;-&gt; ssub * zplm/b/it}{}
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="scaling">
<h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id25">Scaling</a></h3>
<p>Scale the <tt class="literal">fav</tt> (Arev), <tt class="literal">llcmss</tt> (LX Fonts), and <tt class="literal">iwona</tt> fonts
by the value of the <a class="reference internal" href="#scaled">scaled</a> option.</p>
<p>To get scaled versions of a font, you cannot use the <tt class="literal">ssub</tt>
<cite>size function</cite>, but must use the empty function or <tt class="literal">s</tt> with the font
file as argument [found by experiment, GM&nbsp;2010-01-28].</p>
<p>Arev (see omlzavm.fd): fav ↔ zavm</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{fav}{\skewchar\font127}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{fav}{m}{it}{&lt;-&gt; s * [\isomath&#64;scaled] zavmri7m}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{fav}{bx}{it}{&lt;-&gt; s * [\isomath&#64;scaled] zavmbi7m}{}
</pre>
<p>LX Fonts (see lxfonts.sty): llcmss ↔ llcmm</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{llcmss}{\skewchar\font'177}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{llcmss}{m}{it}{&lt;-&gt; s * [\isomath&#64;scaled] lcmmi8}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{llcmss}{bx}{it}{&lt;-&gt; s * [\isomath&#64;scaled] lcmmib8}{}
</pre>
<p>Ivona (see <tt class="literal">omliwona.fd</tt>) iwona ↔ mi-iwona:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{iwona}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{iwona}{m}{it}{&lt;-&gt; s * [\isomath&#64;scaled] mi-iwonari}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{iwona}{bx}{it}{&lt;-&gt; s * [\isomath&#64;scaled] mi-iwonabi}{}
</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="references">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id26">References</a></h1>
<dl class="citation"><dt class="label">[fntguide]</dt>
<dd id="fntguide">
<em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">2</a>)</em> <p class="last"><cite>LaTeX 2e font selection</cite>:
<a class="reference external" href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf">http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/doc/fntguide.pdf</a>.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
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