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<div class="maketitle"><a
id="top"></a>
<h2 class="titleHead">mfirstuc.sty v1.10: uppercasing first letter</h2>
<div class="author" ><span
class="cmr-12">Nicola L.C. Talbot</span>
<br /> <span
class="cmr-12">Dickimaw Books</span>
<br /><a
href="http://www.dickimaw-books.com/" class="url" ><span
class="cmtt-12">http://www.dickimaw-books.com/</span></a></div><br />
<div class="date" ><span
class="cmr-12">2015-02-03</span></div>
</div>
<h3 class="likesectionHead"><a
id="x1-1000"></a>Contents</h3>
<div class="tableofcontents">
<span class="sectionToc" >1 <a
href="#sec:intro" id="QQ2-1-2">Introduction</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >2 <a
href="#sec:capitalisewords" id="QQ2-1-3">Capitalise Each Word in a Phrase or Sentence (Title Case)</a></span>
<br /> <span class="sectionToc" >3 <a
href="#sec:utf8" id="QQ2-1-4">UTF-8</a></span>
</div>
<!--l. 33--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 33--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a><h2 class="sectionHead"></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1 </span> <a
id="sec:intro"></a>Introduction</h3>
<!--l. 36--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="cmss-10">glossaries </span>bundle includes the package <span
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc</span><a
id="dx1-2001"></a> which provides the command:
</p><!--l. 38--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="cmtt-9">\makefirstuc</span><span
class="cmtt-9"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-2002"></a> <span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 40--><p class="noindent" >
This makes the first object of ⟨<span
class="cmti-10">stuff </span>⟩ uppercase unless ⟨<span
class="cmti-10">stuff </span>⟩ starts with a control
sequence followed by a non-empty group, in which case the first object in
the group is converted to uppercase. <span
class="cmbx-10">No expansion is performed on the</span>
<span
class="cmbx-10">argument.</span>
</p><!--l. 47--><p class="indent" > <div class="important" title="Important Note"> If ⟨<span
class="cmti-10">stuff </span>⟩ starts with a control sequence that takes more than one argument, the
case-changing will always be applied to the <span
class="cmti-10">first </span>argument. If the text that requires the
case change is in one of the other arguments, you must hide the earlier arguments in a
wrapper command. For example, instead of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\color{red}{text}</span></span></span> you need to define,
say, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\red</span></span></span> as <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\color{red}</span></span></span> and use <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\red{text}</span></span></span>. </div>
</p><!--l. 55--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 57--><p class="indent" > Examples: </p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{abc}</span></span></span> produces Abc.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{\emph{abc}}</span></span></span> produces <span
class="cmti-10">Abc </span>(<span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><a
id="dx1-2003"></a> has been applied to
the letter “a” rather than <span
class="cmtt-10">\emph</span>). Note however that
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-1">
\makefirstuc{{\em abc}}
</div>
<!--l. 66--><p class="nopar" > produces <span
class="cmti-10">ABC </span>(first object is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">{\em</span><span
class="cmtt-10"> abc}</span></span></span> so this is equivalent to
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase{\em</span><span
class="cmtt-10"> abc}</span></span></span>), and
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-2">
{\makefirstuc{\em abc}}
</div>
<!--l. 71--><p class="nopar" > produces abc (<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\em</span></span></span> doesn’t have an argument therefore first object is <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\em</span></span></span> and so
is equivalent to <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">{\MakeUppercase{\em}abc}</span></span></span>).
</p></li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{{\’a}bc}</span></span></span> produces Ábc.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{\ae</span><span
class="cmtt-10"> bc}</span></span></span> produces Æbc.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{{\ae}bc}</span></span></span> produces Æbc.
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">ä</span><span
class="cmtt-10">}bc}</span></span></span> produces Äbc.
</li></ul>
<!--l. 85--><p class="noindent" >Note that non-Latin or accented characters appearing at the start of the text must be
placed in a group (even if you are using the <span
class="cmss-10">inputenc</span><a
id="dx1-2004"></a> package). The reason for this
restriction is detailed in <a
href="#sec:utf8"><span
class="cmsy-10">§</span>3 </a><a
href="#sec:utf8">UTF-8<!--tex4ht:ref: sec:utf8 --></a>.
</p><!--l. 90--><p class="indent" > <div class="important" title="Important Note"> In version 1.02 of <span
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc</span>, a bug fix resulted in a change in output if the first
object is a control sequence followed by an empty group. Prior to version 1.02,
<span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{\ae{}bc}</span></span></span> produced æBc. However as from version 1.02, it now produces
Æbc. </div>
</p><!--l. 96--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 98--><p class="indent" > Note also that
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-3">
\newcommand{\abc}{abc}
 <br />\makefirstuc{\abc}
</div>
<!--l. 102--><p class="nopar" > produces: ABC. This is because the first object in the argument of <span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc </span>is
<span
class="cmtt-10">\abc</span>, so it does <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase{\abc}</span></span></span>. Whereas:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-4">
\newcommand{\abc}{abc}
 <br />\expandafter\makefirstuc\expandafter{\abc}
</div>
<!--l. 109--><p class="nopar" > produces: Abc. There is a short cut command which will do this:
</p><!--l. 111--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="cmtt-9">\xmakefirstuc</span><span
class="cmtt-9"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-2005"></a> <span
class="cmtt-10">\xmakefirstuc{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 113--><p class="noindent" >
This is equivalent to <span
class="cmtt-10">\expandafter\makefirstuc\expandafter{</span>⟨<span
class="cmti-10">stuff </span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">}</span>. So
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-5">
\newcommand{\abc}{abc}
 <br />\xmakefirstuc{\abc}
</div>
<!--l. 118--><p class="nopar" > produces: Abc.
</p><!--l. 123--><p class="indent" > <div class="important" title="Important Note"> <span
class="cmtt-10">\xmakefirstuc </span>only performs one level expansion on the <span
class="cmti-10">first </span>object in its
argument. It does not fully expand the entire argument. </div>
</p><!--l. 127--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 129--><p class="indent" > As from version 1.10, there is now a command that fully expands the entire
argument before applying <span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span>:
</p><!--l. 131--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="cmtt-9">\emakefirstuc</span><span
class="cmtt-9"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-2006"></a> <span
class="cmtt-10">\emakefirstuc{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">text</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 133--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 135--><p class="indent" > Examples:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-6">
\newcommand{\abc}{\xyz a}
 <br />\newcommand{\xyz}{xyz}
 <br />No expansion: \makefirstuc{\abc}.
 <br />First object one-level expansion: \xmakefirstuc{\abc}.
 <br />Fully expanded: \emakefirstuc{\abc}.
</div>
<!--l. 142--><p class="nopar" > produces: No expansion: XYZA. First object one-level expansion: XYZa. Fully
expanded: Xyza.
</p><!--l. 150--><p class="indent" > If you use <span
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc </span>without the <span
class="cmss-10">glossaries</span><a
id="dx1-2007"></a> package, the standard <span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span>
command is used. If used with <span
class="cmss-10">glossaries</span><a
id="dx1-2008"></a>, <span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeTextUppercase</span><a
id="dx1-2009"></a> (defined by the <span
class="cmss-10">textcase</span><a
id="dx1-2010"></a>
package) is used instead. If you are using <span
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc </span>without the <span
class="cmss-10">glossaries </span>package and
want to use <span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeTextUppercase</span><a
id="dx1-2011"></a> instead, you can redefine
</p><!--l. 156--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="cmtt-9">\glsmakefirstuc</span><span
class="cmtt-9"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-2012"></a> <span
class="cmtt-10">\glsmakefirstuc{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">text</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 158--><p class="noindent" >
For example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-7">
\renewcommand{\glsmakefirstuc}[1]{\MakeTextUppercase #1}
</div>
<!--l. 162--><p class="nopar" > Remember to also load <span
class="cmss-10">textcase</span><a
id="dx1-2013"></a> (<span
class="cmss-10">glossaries </span>loads this automatically).
</p><!--l. 166--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 166--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a><h2 class="sectionHead"></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2 </span> <a
id="sec:capitalisewords"></a>Capitalise Each Word in a Phrase or Sentence (Title Case)</h3>
<!--l. 169--><p class="noindent" >New to mfirstuc v1.06:
</p><!--l. 170--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="cmtt-9">\capitalisewords</span><span
class="cmtt-9"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-3001"></a> <span
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">text</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 172--><p class="noindent" >
This command apply <span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span><a
id="dx1-3002"></a> to each word in ⟨<span
class="cmti-10">text</span>⟩ where the space character is
used as the word separator. Note that it has to be a plain space character, not another
form of space, such as <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">~</span></span></span> or <span
class="cmtt-10">\space</span>. Note that no expansion is performed on
⟨<span
class="cmti-10">text</span>⟩.
</p><!--l. 179--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="cmtt-9">\xcapitalisewords</span><span
class="cmtt-9"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-3003"></a> <span
class="cmtt-10">\xcapitalisewords{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">text</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 181--><p class="noindent" >
This is a short cut for <span
class="cmtt-10">\expandafter\capitalisewords\expandafter{</span>⟨<span
class="cmti-10">text</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">}</span>.
</p><!--l. 185--><p class="indent" > As from version 1.10, there is now a command that fully expands the entire
argument before applying <span
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords</span>:
</p><!--l. 187--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="cmtt-9">\ecapitalisewords</span><span
class="cmtt-9"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-3004"></a> <span
class="cmtt-10">\ecapitalisewords{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">text</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 189--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 191--><p class="indent" > Examples:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-8">
\newcommand{\abc}{\xyz\space four five}
 <br />\newcommand{\xyz}{one two three}
 <br />No expansion: \capitalisewords{\abc}.
 <br />First object one-level expansion: \xcapitalisewords{\abc}.
 <br />Fully expanded: \ecapitalisewords{\abc}.
</div>
<!--l. 198--><p class="nopar" > produces: No expansion: ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE. First object one-level
expansion: ONE TWO THREE four Five. Fully expanded: One Two Three Four
Five.
</p><!--l. 206--><p class="indent" > (Remember that the spaces need to be explicit. In the second case above, using
<span
class="cmtt-10">\xcapitalisewords</span>, the space before “four” has been hidden within <span
class="cmtt-10">\space </span>so it’s not
recognised as a word boundary, but in the third case, <span
class="cmtt-10">\space </span>has been expanded to an
actual space character.)
</p><!--l. 212--><p class="indent" > <div class="important" title="Important Note"> If you are using <span
class="cmss-10">hyperref</span><a
id="dx1-3005"></a> and want to use <span
class="cmtt-10">\capitalisewords </span>or <span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span><a
id="dx1-3006"></a> (or
the expanded variants) in a section heading, the PDF bookmarks won’t be able to use
the command as it’s not expandable, so you will get a warning that looks
like:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-9">
Package hyperref Warning: Token not allowed in a PDF string
 <br />(PDFDocEncoding):
 <br />(hyperref)                removing ‘\capitalisewords’
</div>
<!--l. 221--><p class="nopar" > If you want to provide an alternative for the PDF bookmark, you can use
<span
class="cmss-10">hyperref</span><a
id="dx1-3007"></a>’s <span
class="cmtt-10">\texorpdfstring</span><a
id="dx1-3008"></a> command. See the <span
class="cmss-10">hyperref</span><a
id="dx1-3009"></a> manual for further details.
</div>
</p><!--l. 225--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 227--><p class="indent" > Examples:
</p><ol class="enumerate1" >
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-3011x1">
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-10">
\capitalisewords{a book of rhyme.}
</div>
<!--l. 232--><p class="nopar" > produces: A Book Of Rhyme.
</p></li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-3013x2">
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-11">
\capitalisewords{a book\space of rhyme.}
</div>
<!--l. 239--><p class="nopar" > produces: A Book of Rhyme.
</p></li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-3015x3">
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-12">
\newcommand{\mytitle}{a book\space of rhyme.}
 <br />\capitalisewords{\mytitle}
</div>
<!--l. 247--><p class="nopar" > produces: A BOOK OF RHYME. (No expansion is performed on <span
class="cmtt-10">\mytitle</span>.)
Compare with next example:
</p></li>
<li
class="enumerate" id="x1-3017x4">
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-13">
\newcommand{\mytitle}{a book\space of rhyme.}
 <br />\xcapitalisewords{\mytitle}
</div>
<!--l. 257--><p class="nopar" > produces: A Book of Rhyme.
</p><!--l. 261--><p class="noindent" >However
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-14">
\ecapitalisewords{\mytitle}
</div>
<!--l. 264--><p class="nopar" > produces: A Book Of Rhyme.
</p>
</li></ol>
<!--l. 270--><p class="indent" > As from v1.09, you can specify words which shouldn’t be capitalised unless they
occur at the start of ⟨<span
class="cmti-10">text</span>⟩ using:
</p><!--l. 272--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="cmtt-9">\MFUnocap</span><span
class="cmtt-9"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-3018"></a> <span
class="cmtt-10">\MFUnocap{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">word</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 274--><p class="noindent" >
This only has a local effect. The global version is:
</p><!--l. 276--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="cmtt-9">\gMFUnocap</span><span
class="cmtt-9"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-3019"></a> <span
class="cmtt-10">\gMFUnocap{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">word</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">} </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 278--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 280--><p class="indent" > For example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-15">
\capitalisewords{the wind in the willows}
 <br />\MFUnocap{in}%
 <br />\MFUnocap{the}%
 <br />\capitalisewords{the wind in the willows}
</div>
<!--l. 288--><p class="nopar" > produces: <spacer type=vertical size=10><span class="obeylines-h">
<br />The Wind In The Willows
<br />The Wind in the Willows
<br /><spacer type=vertical size=10></span>
The list of words that shouldn’t be capitalised can be cleared using
</p><!--l. 299--><p class="indent" > <hr><div title="Definition"><span class="marginpar"><span
class="cmtt-9">\MFUclear</span><span
class="cmtt-9"> </span></span><a
id="dx1-3020"></a> <span
class="cmtt-10">\MFUclear </span></div><hr>
</p><!--l. 301--><p class="noindent" >
</p><!--l. 303--><p class="indent" > The package <span
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc-english</span><a
id="dx1-3021"></a> loads <span
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc</span><a
id="dx1-3022"></a> and uses <span
class="cmtt-10">\MFUnocap </span>to add common
English articles and conjunctions, such as “a”, “an”, “and”, “but”. You may want to
add other words to this list, such as prepositions, but as there’s some dispute over
whether prepositions should be capitalised, I don’t intend to add them to this
package.
</p><!--l. 310--><p class="indent" > If you want to write a similar package for another language, all you need to do is
create a file with the extension <span
class="cmtt-10">.sty </span>that starts with
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-16">
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
</div>
<!--l. 315--><p class="nopar" > The next line should identify the package. For example, if you have called the file
<span
class="cmtt-10">mfirstuc-french.sty </span>then you need:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-17">
\ProvidesPackage{mfirstuc-french}
</div>
<!--l. 320--><p class="nopar" > It’s a good idea to also add a version in the final optional argument, for example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-18">
\ProvidesPackage{mfirstuc-french}[2014/07/30 v1.0]
</div>
<!--l. 325--><p class="nopar" > Next load <span
class="cmss-10">mfirstuc</span><a
id="dx1-3023"></a>:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-19">
\RequirePackage{mfirstuc}
</div>
<!--l. 329--><p class="nopar" > Now add all your <span
class="cmtt-10">\MFUnocap </span>commands. For example:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-20">
\MFUnocap{de}
</div>
<!--l. 333--><p class="nopar" > At the end of the file add:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-21">
\endinput
</div>
<!--l. 337--><p class="nopar" >
</p><!--l. 339--><p class="indent" > Put the file somewhere on <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s path, and now you can use this package in your
document. You might also consider uploading it to CTAN in case other users find it
useful.
</p><!--l. 343--><p class="noindent" >
</p>
<!--l. 343--><p class="noindent" ><a
href="#top">Top</a><h2 class="sectionHead"></p><h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3 </span> <a
id="sec:utf8"></a>UTF-8</h3>
<!--l. 346--><p class="noindent" >The <span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc </span>command works by utilizing the fact that, in most cases,
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> doesn’t require a regular argument to be enclosed in braces if it only consists of a
single token. (This is why you can do, say, <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\frac12</span></span></span> instead of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\frac{1}{2}</span></span></span> or <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">x^2</span></span></span>
instead of <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">x^{2}</span></span></span>, although some users frown on this practice.)
</p><!--l. 353--><p class="indent" > A simplistic version of the <span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc </span>command is:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-22">
\newcommand*{\FirstUC}[1]{\MakeUppercase #1}
</div>
<!--l. 356--><p class="nopar" > Here
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-23">
\FirstUC{abc}
</div>
<!--l. 360--><p class="nopar" > is equivalent to
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-24">
\MakeUppercase abc
</div>
<!--l. 364--><p class="nopar" > and since <span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase </span>requires an argument, it grabs the first token (the
character “a” in this case) and uses that as the argument so that the result is:
Abc.
</p><!--l. 369--><p class="indent" > The <span
class="cmss-10">glossaries</span><a
id="dx1-4001"></a> package needs to take into account the fact that the text may be
contained in the argument of a formatting command, such as <span
class="cmtt-10">\acronymfont</span>, so
<span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc </span>has to be more complicated than the trivial <span
class="cmtt-10">\FirstUC </span>shown above, but
at its basic level, <span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc </span>uses this same method and is the reason why,
in most cases, you don’t need to enclose the first character in braces. So if
</p><div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span
class="cmtt-10"> </span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>⟩
</div>
</div> works, then <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">}</span>
</div>
</div> should also work and so should <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">\foo{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">}</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
</div>
</div> but if <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span
class="cmtt-10"> </span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>⟩
</div>
</div> doesn’t work, then neither will <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">}</span>
</div>
</div> nor <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">\foo{</span>⟨<span
class="cmitt-10">stuff</span>⟩<span
class="cmtt-10">}</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 401--><p class="indent" > Try the following document: </p><div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="cmtt-10">\documentclass</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">article</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span
class="cmtt-10">\usepackage[utf8]</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">inputenc</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br /><span
class="cmtt-10">\usepackage[T1]</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">fontenc</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span
class="cmtt-10">\begin</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">document</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span
class="cmtt-10"> </span><span
class="cmtt-10">ã</span><span
class="cmtt-10">bc</span>
<br />
<br /><span
class="cmtt-10">\end</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">document</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 415--><p class="indent" > This will result in the error:
</p>
<div class="verbatim" id="verbatim-25">
! Argument of \UTFviii@two@octets has an extra }.
</div>
<!--l. 418--><p class="nopar" > This is why <span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc{</span></span></span><span
class="cmtt-10">ã</span><span
class="cmtt-10">bc</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span></span> won’t work. It will only work if the character <span
class="cmtt-10">ã</span> is
placed inside a group.
</p><!--l. 423--><p class="indent" > The reason for this error message is due to <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> having been written before
Unicode was invented. Although <span
class="cmtt-10">ã</span> may look like a single character in your text editor,
from <span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span>’s point of view it’s <span
class="cmti-10">two </span>tokens. So </p><div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span
class="cmtt-10"> </span><span
class="cmtt-10">ã</span><span
class="cmtt-10">bc</span>
</div>
</div> tries to apply <span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase </span>to just the first octet of ã. This means that the second
octet has been separated from the first octet, which is the cause of the error. In this
case the argument isn’t a single token, so the two tokens (the first and second octet of
ã) must be grouped: <div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">ã</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span><span
class="cmtt-10">bc</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 439--><p class="indent" > Note that XeTeX (and therefore XeLaTeX) is a modern implementation of
<span class="TEX">T<span
class="E">E</span>X</span> designed to work with Unicode and therefore doesn’t suffer from this
drawback. Now let’s look at the XeLaTeX equivalent of the above example:
</p><div class="alltt">
<div class="obeylines-v">
<span
class="cmtt-10">\documentclass</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">article</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span
class="cmtt-10">\usepackage</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">fontspec</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span
class="cmtt-10">\begin</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">document</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
<br />
<br /><span
class="cmtt-10">\MakeUppercase</span><span
class="cmtt-10"> </span><span
class="cmtt-10">ã</span><span
class="cmtt-10">bc</span>
<br />
<br /><span
class="cmtt-10">\end</span><span
class="cmsy-10">{</span><span
class="cmtt-10">document</span><span
class="cmsy-10">}</span>
</div>
</div>
<!--l. 455--><p class="indent" > This works correctly when compiled with XeLaTeX. This means that
<span
class="cmtt-10">\makefirstuc</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">{</span></span></span><span
class="cmtt-10">ã</span><span
class="cmtt-10">bc</span><span class="obeylines-h"><span class="verb"><span
class="cmtt-10">}</span></span></span> will work <span
class="cmti-10">provided you use XeLaTeX</span><span
class="cmti-10"> and the </span><span
class="cmssi-10">fontspec</span><a
id="dx1-4002"></a>
<span
class="cmti-10">package</span>.
</p>
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