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LaTeX installation TeX expert information
1 June 1997
SUMMARY
=======
This document contains information about the LaTeX installation for
TeX experts. In particular it describes:
* The checks performed by ltxcheck.tex
* How to print the LaTeX source.
For more general information, see install.txt.
For information on configuring LaTeX see cfgguide.tex.
THE LTXCHECK.TEX CHECKS
=======================
Here is a description of the checks run by ltxcheck.
1) The \@currdir check.
It is useful for LaTeX to know the syntax for the `current directory
(or folder)', or `default directory', if the operating system has
such a concept.
For example, file abc.tex in this directory, or folder, is specified
by:
./abc.tex on Unix and most DOS/OS2 TeX's,
[]abc.tex on VMS
:abc.tex on a Macintosh.
The above possibilities will be found automatically during the
installation. However, if none of these syntaxes works on your
system then the internal macro \@currdir will be set to be empty
and ltxcheck will report this.
If your system does have a notion of a current directory, you can
define \@currdir in the file texsys.cfg.
You could also report this to the latex-bug address, so that
later releases can automatically cope with your system.
2) The file name parser check.
\filename@parse may be defined in texsys.cfg if the default
installation does not define a suitable parser. (In fact no widely
used TeX system should need such a re-definition as the standard
installation should correctly define this command for unix, dos,
atari, VMS, and Macintosh, at least.)
Because of differences in directory syntax, most features of this
command can not be checked in a portable way, however ltxcheck does
check that at least {article.cls} is correctly parsed as base name
article and extension cls.
3) The \input@path check.
On some systems TeX cannot check whether a file exists before
trying to input it, unless the filename is expressed as a full path
name, including the directory. On these systems LaTeX needs to be
given a list of directories in which to look for files; the
internal macro \input@path holds this information.
When run, ltxcheck will try to locate the file article.cls.
If it fails to find this file (and you have placed it in the
`standard input directory') then you must define \input@path in
the file texsys.cfg.
The files texsys.cfg and ltdirchk.dtx contain examples of how to do
this but only you know the directories and syntax that should be used
for your installation.
We hope to build up a better collection of examples in future
releases of LaTeX, as it is tested on more TeX systems.
4) TeX version check.
The next check tests that you are running a recent version of TeX.
If ltxcheck reports that you have TeX2, then you should try to
upgrade TeX (and rebuild LaTeX) as soon as possible. LaTeX may be
used with TeX2, but certain features will be missing and you will
not be able to use the new (8-bit) font families that are now
available. If you must stick with TeX2, please read the extra
information in the file tex2.txt.
If ltxcheck reports that your TeX version is older than 3.141, you
will see some strange messages during the installation. This is
because earlier versions of TeX printed certain line-breaks in
messages on the terminal as `^^J' rather than starting a new line.
LaTeX will work round this bug and thus avoid `^^J' appearing in
error messages, but you should upgrade your TeX as soon as
possible, as other bugs have been fixed, not just line breaks in
messages.
At the present time (2005) the current TeX version is 3.141592.
5) Fonts check.
Finally ltxcheck.tex tests to see if it can find a `representative
sample' of the fonts used by LaTeX.
Fonts that may cause problems are:
a) The circle fonts. These were renamed some years ago from circle*
to lcircle*, although some sites still have them under the old
name. Also the names are longer than 8 letters which may cause
some problems.
b) The `extra Computer Modern' fonts. The American Mathematical
Society has extended the range of sizes available in the
Computer Modern fonts. LaTeX now assumes that these extra cm
fonts are available.
The fonts are available from a CTAN archive, in the directory
tex-archive/macros/latex/fonts or alternatively as part of the
AMS fonts collection, which also includes many useful
mathematical fonts.
c) The `T1 encoded Computer Modern' fonts. This is the ec or dc font
collection. The new (1995) release 1.2 of the dc fonts changed
most of the file names. For this reason the fd files such as
t1cmr.fd cannot be written to work with the dc fonts of different
releases. LaTeX by default unpacks the fd files for the ec
dc fonts.
If you have an older release of the dc fonts and do not wish to
upgrade then you should unpack the necessary fd files by running
LaTeX on the file olddc.ins (dc older than version 1.2) or
newdc.ins (version 1.2 and 1.3).
As the T1 fd files will have been used when making the format,
you must re-run initex latex.ltx to remake the format if you
update the fd files in this way.
Running ltxcheck will produce a ! BAD LaTeX2e system!! error
message if it detects that the `new' fd files are loaded into
the format, but only the old dc fonts are available, and vice
versa.
If the old fonts are detected, and the `old' fd files are loaded
then no error is generated, but a message suggesting that you
upgrade is produced.
The ec fonts are available from a CTAN archive, in the directory
tex-archive/fonts/ec .
6) Files check.
Finally ltxcheck checks that the main TeX input files that LaTeX
will use when running documents (such as the article class file,
fd files, and main packages such as fontenc) are all available.
DOCUMENTATION OF THE CODE
=========================
Most of the documentation is nowadays available as precomplied PDF
files. This section describes how to produce typeset code
documentation yourself from the source.
To typeset a documented code file (a .dtx file) you simply run LaTeX
on it. The file source2e.tex is a master file which produces the
documented code for the whole LaTeX kernel (but not the standard
packages, classes, or compatibility mode). You need to have LaTeX2e
installed before doing this.
To configure the appearance of this documentation, you can use a
ltxdoc.cfg file. For example, putting the following line into this
file will format the documentation for A4 paper:
\PassOptionsToClass{a4paper}{article}
The doc package, which is used by the documentation files, writes
index files and change-history files that can be processed by the
program MakeIndex. If this program is part of your TeX installation,
you can get an index and history listing for a documentation file
by running the .idx and .glo files through this program.
For example, in Unix MakeIndex, you should say:
makeindex -s gind.ist FILENAME
makeindex -s gglo.ist -o FILENAME.gls FILENAME.glo
source2e.tex needs a special source2e.ist file (in place of gind.ist).
Running makeindex will produce some warning messages about ignored
style specifiers; these can be safely ignored.
See the comments at the end of source2e.tex for more information.
CONFIGURING LaTeX
=================
In addition to the system-dependent customisation in texsys.cfg,
various other parts of LaTeX can be configured to suit local needs.
Further details can be found in the document cfgguide.tex. We
recommend that you install the standard system before attempting any
further customisation.
If you are thinking of making other changes to LaTeX, please read the
document modguide.tex as it describes the precautions you need to take
when making modifications in order to ensure that standard LaTeX
remains a stable, maintainable system.
FURTHER INFORMATION
===================
You will find further information about various aspects of LaTeX in
the distributed files with names <*>guide.tex. You will need
to install the new version before you can typeset these files.
--- Copyright 1995-2006 the LaTeX3 project. All rights reserved ---
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