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HEBREW.305 17.04.1997
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Processing Hebrew with ArabTeX Version 3.05
===========================================
These features are not yet described in the User Manual!
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To process Hebrew input with ArabTeX, you have to load the Hebrew
extension "hebtex.sty" that will load several additional modules.
After ArabTeX has been loaded, proceed as follows:
- with LaTeX2e say: \usepackage {hebtex}
- with LaTeX 2.09: add the style option "hebtex".
- for use with Plain TeX, say "\input hebtex"; ArabTeX AND the
Hebrew extension will be loaded.
The extension provides a language mode \sethebrew, and several
common encodings of texts in Hebrew, that may be switched by
the \setcode command. One of the encodings is compatible with
Dov Grobgeld's editor HED, so files prepared for HebrewTeX are
supposed to be compatible, including most HebrewTeX commands
(the Hebrew date quite probably does NOT work correctly).
Hebrew "newcode" encoding probably works too, but has not yet
been tested. In addition, the standard ArabTeX encoding has been
extended to cater for Hebrew too.
Language switching:
- \sethebrew switches to Hebrew mode, \setarab back to Arabic.
Remember to switch the encoding and the vowelization mode too!
Standard encoding:
- \setcode {standard} or \setcode {arabtex}
switches to the standard encoding, defined as follows:
' aleph b beth g gimel d daleth
h heh w waw z zayin _h chet
_t teth y yod k kaph l lamed
m mem n nun s samekh ` ayin
p peh .s sade q qof r resh
,s sin ^s shin S s(h)in t taw
Note: without punctuation, sin, shin and s(h)in look identical;
otherwise "sin" has a dot to the left, "shin" has a dot to the
right, "s(h)in" is the form without a dot.
There are some alternative encodings for soft consonants:
v for b f for p
- \vocalize (default) switches on vowels and special punctuation;
\novocalize switches them off again.
"dagesh lene" with "bgdkpt" and "mappiq" with "h" is expressed
by prefixing a dot:
".b", ".g", ".d", ".k", ".p", ".t"; ".h"
Vowels are encoded as follows:
short long defective half
vowels vowels notation vowels
a pathach A qames .a chateph patach
e segol E sere yod _e sere .e chateph segol
i chireq I chireq yod .i shewa
o qames chatuph O cholem waw _o cholem .o chateph qames
u qibbus U shureq .u no vowel mark
The "matres lectionis" can also be written explicitly, e.g.,
"_ey" for "E", "iy" for "I", "_ow" for "O"
- "patach furtivum" is written ".a" BEFORE its carrier: "rU.a_h".
- "dagesh forte" is expressed by doubling the consonant; thus two
equal consonants in sequence (even in \novocalize mode) must
be separated by some short vowel indicator (or ".u"), if the
standard encoding is used.
- "dagesh orthophonicum" is coded like "dagesh forte".
- "meteg" is indicated by | after the vowel.
- "maqqef" is -- (en-dash; a single hyphen will be ignored)
- Prefixes may be separated by a single hyphen, which appears in
the transcription without changing the Hebrew writing.
- For those rare cases where a consonant is missing, input "|
(quote bar); this may also carry vowels.
- "raphe" and cantillation marks are not supported.
Abbreviations may not be used in this mode as we know of no
obvious way of indicating them (sorry; any ideas ?).
Other encodings:
- \setcode {hed}, \setcode {newcode} or \setcode {iso8859-8}
activates the verbatim reading module for the Hebrew characters
in code positions 128 .. 154 as generated by HED, and also
in code positions 224 .. 250 ("newcode", ISO 8859-8).
If this encoding is used, vowel points, dagesh and meteg cannot
be used as they cannot be represented in the input encoding.
Abbreviations may be expressed by a single or double apostrophe
(right quote). The final and the medial forms of characters are
equivalent; ArabTeX chooses the appropriate shape automatically.
- setcode {bhs} switches to the encoding used in the machine-
readable version of BHS. Add "bhs" as a LaTeX style option,
or say \input bhs.sty. The line-breaks of the source are
(usually) respected. BHS line numbers and comments are only
partially supported.
Transcription systems:
- \transtrue activates the standard ZDMG transcription, and
there are provisions for additional transcription systems:
- \settrans {zaw) switches to the conventions of "Zeitschrift
fuer die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft" (recommended);
- \settrans {gesenius} activates the system used in W. Gesenius'
Hebrew Grammar, 26th edition (deprecated).
- \settrans {standard} restores the standard ZDMG transcription.
Fonts:
- Presently ArabTeX provides no own Hebrew font but uses the font
"hclassic" which can be downloaded e.g., from
ftp://noa.huji.ac.il/tex/fonts
ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/language/hebrew/fonts
ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/language/hebrew/fonts
This font has been designed by Joel Hoffman, who also wrote some
macro packages from which we took a few ideas for positioning
punctuation.
- If no vowel points are required, the standard fonts "DeadSea",
"OldJaffa", TelAviv", and "Jerusalem" can also be used. They
are activated by the commands \ds, \oj, \ta, \jm; \hc switches
to the default "hclassic" font.
- The "Shalom" family of fonts is activated by \shlmold, \shlmscr,
and \shlmstk. Their vowel points presently do NOT work.
- In case a font is not found but locally available, check and,
if required, correct the exact spelling of the font name within
the file "Uheb.fd". There are various variants on the Net.
- Comments and bug reports are welcome.
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Prof. Klaus Lagally
Institut fuer Informatik
Universitaet Stuttgart
Breitwiesenstrasse 20-22
D-70565 Stuttgart
GERMANY
lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de
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Copyright (c) 1997, Klaus Lagally
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