summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/orkhun/rakhimov.tex
blob: fe0c243da2b91ba2b4ff38140e28d04998068b3e (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\makeatletter
\newlength{\myFootnoteWidth}
\newlength{\myFootnoteLabel}
\setlength{\myFootnoteLabel}{0.6em}%  <-- can be changed to any valid value
\renewcommand{\@makefntext}[1]{%
  \setlength{\myFootnoteWidth}{\columnwidth}%
  \addtolength{\myFootnoteWidth}{-\myFootnoteLabel}%
  \noindent\makebox[\myFootnoteLabel][r]{\@makefnmark \ }%
  \parbox[t]{\myFootnoteWidth}{#1}%
}
\makeatother

\makeatletter
\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
  \vspace{1.5em}%   <-- one line space between text and footnoterule
  \kern-3\p@\hrule\@width.4\columnwidth%
  \kern2.6\p@}
\makeatother


\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}
\usepackage{amssymb}

\usepackage[usenames]{color}
\usepackage{colortbl}

\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{multicol}

\def\4tex{\raisebox{-0.7mm}{\sf 4}$\!$\TeX{}}
\def\latex{(L\hspace*{-1.35mm}\raisebox{1.0mm}{\footnotesize\sc a})\TeX{}}


\textwidth 6.2in
\textheight 8.0in
\oddsidemargin 0mm
\evensidemargin 0mm

\font\mf=logo10

\font\mfsl=logosl10
\hyphenchar\mf=-1
\hyphenchar\mfsl=-1
% A way to get a hyphen, courtesy of Karl Berry.
\newcommand{\MF}{{\mf META}\-{\mf FONT\/}}
\newcommand{\MFSL}{{\mfsl META}\-{\mfsl FONT\/}}

\newcommand{\MP}{{\mf META}\-{\mf POST\/}}
\newcommand{\MPSL}{{\mfsl META}\-{\mfsl POST\/}}

\newfont{\acayipfont}{cmff10}

\newfont{\wasytwenty}{wasy10 at 20pt}
\newcommand{\bigtelephone}{\hbox{\wasytwenty\symbol{7}}}

\newfont{\buyukacafont}{cmff10 at 20pt}
\newfont{\buyukfont}{cmff10 scaled 2500}
\newfont{\kucukfont}{cmff10 scaled 700}
\newfont{\initial}{cmr10 at 48pt}
\usepackage{wrapfig}

\usepackage{makeidx}
\makeindex


\begin{document}

\thispagestyle{empty}

\font\letteror=orhant
\font\letteroor=orhant14
\font\letterooor=orhant16
\font\letteroooor=orhant20
\font\letterooooor=orhant25
%\font\letteroooooor=orhant11



\newbox{\literaT}
\savebox{\literaT}{\hbox{\initial T}}

%{\bf \huge Old Turkic script or Orkhon-Yenisey script.}\\
\begin{center}
{\bf \huge The Old Turkic Script}\\[6mm]

{\bf Abdugafur A. Rakhimov}\\[10mm]

\end{center}

\noindent {\sf \large In brief about history of Script.}\\[- 2mm]

.\vspace*{-0.25cm}
\begin{wrapfigure}{l}{0.75\wd\literaT}
\vbox to 0.4\ht\literaT{%
   \vss \usebox{\literaT}%
   \vspace*{-0.2\ht\literaT}%
}
\end{wrapfigure}
he ORHONO-YENISEI INSCRIPTIONS, the most ancient writings, monuments of the Turkic people.
In 1696-1722 years these inscriptions are opened by Russian scientists S.Remezov, F.Stralenberg,
D.Messershmid in top of the current of the Yenisei. In 1889, on the rivers Orkhons (Mongolia)
by Í.M.Jadrintsev is opened. In 1893, these inscriptions are decoded by the Danish linguist
V.Tomsen. And for the first time are read by Russian linguist V.V.Radlov (1894).
The Orhono-yenisei inscriptions concern by 7-11 centuries. Seven groups the Orhono-Yenisei
inscriptions are known: Baikal, Yenisei, Mongolian, Altai, East Turkistan, Central Asian,
and East European. Accordingly they belong to the breeding the union of the Kurgan,
the empire of the Kirghiz, the empire of the East Turkic, the empire of the West Turkic,
the empire of the Uigur (in Mongolia), the state of the Uigur (in East Turkistan), Khazars
(Chazars) and Pechenegs. On a genre accessory are allocated: historically-biographic
stone-letters texts of Mongolia; lyrics of texts of Yenisei; legal documents,
magic and religious texts (on a paper) from East Turkistan; memorable inscriptions on
rocks, stones and structures; labels on household subjects. The inscriptions of Mongolia
stating history 2nd East Turkic and the empire of the Uigur have the greatest historical value.
\\[2mm]

\noindent {\sf \large The Font Base.}\\[-1mm]

It is known, that \latex{} use only the fonts which have specially been written by Donald Knut
in the language of the \MFSL{} Program. Here, we also used \MFSL{} what to create the Old Turkic script
(Gokturk script or Orkhon script or Orkhon-Yenisey script). This font can be used only freely.\\[-1mm]

In the ZIP-file there are .gf, .pk, .tfm files which it is necessary to copy corresponding folders in your
\latex{}  program:\\[-2mm]

\hspace{3.0cm} \verb!...\TEXMF\fonts\pk!

\hspace{3.0cm} \verb!...\TEXMF\fonts\tfm!\\[-2mm]

It is easy see, that these files make such sizes of fonts as 10pt, 11pt,
14pt, 16pt, 20pt and 25pt. But, using the .mf file and setting the necessary values variable "u" (in the .mf file) you can create
the necessary sizes of fonts (i.e. .gf, .pk, .tfm files you can to create, also, using  .mf file).
In this case, of course, you should compile your .mf file (with new parametre of "u") on the \MFSL{} Program.\\[-3mm]

{\footnotesize
\begin{verbatim}
     ..\BIN\win32\mf \mode=ljfour; mode_setup; input orhun.mf
     ..\BIN\win32\gftodvi orhun.600gf
     ..\BIN\win32\gftopk orhun.600gf
     ..\BIN\win32\dvips orhun.dvi
\end{verbatim}
}

\vspace{0.3cm}

\noindent Then, the necessary font to appear in expansions .gf, .pk, .tfm. Moreover, these files can be copied in
the catalogue (directory) in which you work.\\[2mm]

\noindent {\sf \large To use the Orkhon-Yenisey script in the text.}\\[-2mm]

To write the text in old Turkic language you should use the \TeX{}-command: \verb!\font!.
For example,

\vspace{0.3cm}

{\small
\noindent
\begin{minipage}{4.3in}
\begin{verbatim}
\font\letteror=orhun

{\letteror ABGdDOUoZt}

{\letteror TYylLMnNsS}

{\letteror PCkKrRvmcQ}

{\letteror zVeawgibI:}
\end{verbatim}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{2.5in}
\begin{tabular}{|l|}
\hline\\
{\letterooooor ABGdDOUoZt}\\[3mm]
{\letterooooor TYylLMnNsS}\\[3mm]
{\letterooooor PCkKrRvmcQ}\\[3mm]
{\letterooooor zVeawgibI:}\\[3mm]
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{minipage}
}

\vspace{0.5cm}

\noindent So the following historical text is written

\vspace{0.5cm}

\noindent {\bf The monument of the TONYUKUK } ({\small The second stone, northern a part})\\[0.3cm]

\hfill {\letterooor VOTAGLeBMZoNB:rsretrkY:RSMngZa:ngasertLe}\\[-2mm]

\hfill {\letterooor rsrMtrkYNB:RSMngZa:kk}\\[-2mm]

\hfill {\letterooor AMynDOb:AMyDOb:AtNery:nDObresKrot:ngangPa}\\[-2mm]

\hfill {\letterooor :etreCtrkYede:AMyesei:}\\[-2mm]

\hfill {\letterooor ot:ngangPa:NCokQgZa:kkVOTAGLeB:ngasrtLe}\\[-2mm]

\hfill {\letterooor ObekDeROY:nDObresKr}\\[-2mm]

\hfill {\letterooor odGe:gnDObZgO:gnDObresKrot:nga:AGLeBKrot}\\[-2mm]

\hfill {\letterooor RURlU}

\vspace{0.5cm}

\noindent To write the text in Orkhon script, certainly, we should knowd Old Turkic alphabet.
In the following table this alphabet is given

\vspace{0.75cm}

\hspace*{-1.0cm}
\begin{tabular}{ll|ll|ll}
\hline
{\scriptsize O-Y} & {\small sound} & {\scriptsize O-Y}  & {\small sound} & {\scriptsize O-Y} & {\small sound}\\[1mm]
\hline
& & & \\[-3mm]
{\letterooor A}&\verb!a!, \verb!e!                                                          &{\letterooor a}&\verb!k! ({\scriptsize with} {\small \verb!a!} )                  & {\letterooor R} & \verb!r! {\scriptsize (with thick vowels)}\\[2mm]

{\letterooor B}&\verb!b! {\scriptsize (with thin vowels)}                             &{\letterooor w}&\verb!k! ({\scriptsize with hard} {\small \verb!i!} )                   & {\letterooor r} & \verb!r! {\scriptsize (with thin vowels)}\\[2mm]

{\letterooor b}&\verb!b! {\scriptsize (with thick vowels)}                                &{\letterooor l}&\verb!L! {\scriptsize (with thick vowels)}  & {\letterooor S} & \verb!s! {\scriptsize (with thick vowels)}\\[2mm]

{\letterooor C}&\verb!-ch (j)! {\scriptsize (in the end a word)}                                   &{\letterooor L}&\verb!L! {\scriptsize (with thin vowels)}   & {\letterooor s} & \verb!s! {\scriptsize (with thin vowels)}\\[2mm]

{\letterooor I}&\verb!ich!,\verb!  ic!                                                      &{\letterooor m}&\verb!-it! {\scriptsize (in the end a word)} & {\letterooor v} & \verb!-sh! {\scriptsize (in the end a word)}\\[2mm]

{\letterooor D}&\verb!d! {\scriptsize (with thick vowels)}                                &{\letterooor M}&\verb!-m! {\scriptsize (in the end a word)}     & {\letterooor T} & \verb!t! {\scriptsize (with thick vowels)}\\[2mm]

{\letterooor d}&\verb!d! {\scriptsize (with thin vowels)}                             &{\letterooor n}&\verb!n! {\scriptsize (with thick vowels)}  & {\letterooor t} & \verb!t! {\scriptsize (with thin vowels)}\\[2mm]

{\letterooor G}&\verb!g! {\scriptsize (with thin vowels)}                             &{\letterooor N}&\verb!n! {\scriptsize (with thin vowels)}   & {\letterooor O} & \verb!o!, \verb!u!\\[2mm]

{\letterooor g}&\verb!g! {\scriptsize (with thick vowels)}                                &{\letterooor z}&\verb!-ng! {\scriptsize (in the end a word)}    & {\letterooor U} & \verb!o!, \verb!u!\\[2mm]

{\letterooor e}& i, \ {\scriptsize the closed} {\small \verb!e! }                                &{\letterooor V}&\verb!-ny! {\scriptsize (in the end a word)}    & {\letterooor o} & \verb!o'!, {\scriptsize the soft} {\small \verb!u!} \\[2mm]

{\letterooor i}&\verb!k! ({\small \verb!e!,} {\scriptsize with \verb!i!} )                  &{\letterooor c}&\verb!-nch(j)! {\scriptsize (in the end a word)} & {\letterooor Y} & \verb!y! {\scriptsize (with thick vowels)}\\[2mm]

{\letterooor K}&\verb!k! (\verb!o'!, {\scriptsize with the soft} {\small \verb!u!} )  &{\letterooor Q}&\verb!-nt(d)! {\scriptsize (in the end a word)} & {\letterooor y} & \verb!y! {\scriptsize (with thin vowels)}\\[2mm]

{\letterooor k}&\verb!k! ({\scriptsize with} {\small \verb!o!, \verb!u! } )                 &{\letterooor P}&\verb!-p! {\scriptsize (in the end a word)}     & {\letterooor Z} & \verb!-z! {\scriptsize (in the end a word)}\\[2mm]
\hline
\end{tabular}

\vspace{1.0cm}

\noindent In the keyboard the Orkhon script are typed as follows

\vspace{0.45cm}

{
%\small
\scriptsize

\vspace*{0.5cm}

\hspace*{-2.3cm}
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
Q&{\letteror Q}\\[2mm]
q&\phantom{{\letteror w} }
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
W&\phantom{{\letteror w} }\\[2mm]
w&{\letteror w}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
E&\phantom{{\letteror w} }\\[2mm]
e&{\letteror e}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
R&{\letteror R}\\[2mm]
r&{\letteror r}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
T&{\letteror T}\\[2mm]
t&{\letteror t}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
Y&{\letteror Y}\\[2mm]
y&{\letteror y}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
U&{\letteror U}\\[2mm]
u&\phantom{{\letteror w} }
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
I&{\letteror I}\\[2mm]
i&{\letteror i}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
O&{\letteror O}\\[2mm]
o&{\letteror o}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
P&{\letteror P}\\[2mm]
p&\phantom{{\letteror w} }
\end{tabular} }

\vspace*{0.2cm}

\hspace*{-1.0cm}
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
A&{\letteror A}\\[2mm]
a&{\letteror a}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
S&{\letteror S}\\[2mm]
s&{\letteror s}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
D&{\letteror D}\\[2mm]
d&{\letteror d}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
F&\phantom{{\letteror K}}\\[2mm]
f&\phantom{{\letteror K}}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
G&{\letteror G}\\[2mm]
g&{\letteror g}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
H&\phantom{{\letteror K}}\\[2mm]
h&\phantom{{\letteror K}}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
J&\phantom{{\letteror K}}\\[2mm]
j&\phantom{{\letteror K}}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
K&{\letteror K}\\[2mm]
k&{\letteror k}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
L&{\letteror L}\\[2mm]
l&{\letteror l}
\end{tabular} }

\vspace*{0.25cm}

\hspace*{-0.25cm}
\hspace*{0.75cm} \fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
Z&{\letteror Z}\\[2mm]
z&{\letteror z}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
X&\phantom{{\letteror K}}\\[2mm]
x&\phantom{{\letteror K}}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
C&{\letteror C}\\[2mm]
c&{\letteror c}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
V&{\letteror V}\\[2mm]
v&{\letteror v}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
B&{\letteror B}\\[2mm]
b&{\letteror b}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
N&{\letteror N}\\[2mm]
n&{\letteror n}
\end{tabular} }
\fcolorbox[rgb]{.1,.1,.1}{.9,.9,.9}{
\begin{tabular}{lr}
M&{\letteror M}\\[2mm]
m&{\letteror m}
\end{tabular} }

}

%\vspace*{0.5cm}

\newpage

\noindent {\sf \large The conclusion.}\\[-3mm]

\noindent Further we plan to write a orkhun-package which will allow to work more conveniently with these fonts and will expand possibilities use of fonts.
On all questions and wishes, we ask you to address to the address written more low. We will be very glad to have your valuable remarks and wishes.\\[1mm]

\noindent {\sf \large Acknowledgements.}\\[-3mm]

\noindent I would like to thank the members of the Mathematical Department of the Karadeniz Technical University, for hospitality while this work was being done.
In particular I am grateful to my friend to professor {\bf Vam\i k Kadimo\u glu} for helpful conversations.\\[-1mm]




\medskip \smallskip Prof.Dr. {\bf Abdugafur Rakhimov} \newline
The Tashkent institute of railways and engineering. Tashkent, Uzbekistan\newline
The Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey\newline
E-mail: rakhimov@ktu.edu.tr ; \ rakhimov2002@yahoo.com  ; \ gafur\_rakhimov@yahoo.com



\end{document}