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\title{International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Uniform Requirements}

\author{Folkert van der Beek}

\begin{document}

\maketitle
The vancouver.bst bibliographic style file (for \LaTeX/Bib\TeX) is generated with the docstrip utility and modified manually to meet the ``Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals'' as published in N Engl J Med 1997;336:309-315. (also known as the Vancouver style). This specification may be found on the web page of the International Committe of Medical Journal Editors.\cite{uniform}
The following samples of reference citation formats were taken from the National Library of Medicine web site to show what works and what does not (yet).\cite{bibliographic}

In order to meet all citation formats, several entry types {--} such as \textbf{@map}, \textbf{@patent}, \textbf{@dictionary} and \textbf{@webpage} {--} and fields {--} such as \textbf{inventor}, \textbf{assignee} (for patents), \textbf{cartographer} (for maps), \textbf{part}, \textbf{lastchecked}, and \textbf{updated} (for webpages). For proper use of these entries and fields I refer to the vancouver.bib file included with the package.

\section{Articles in Journals}

\subsection{Standard journal article}

List the first six authors followed by et al. (Note: NLM now lists all authors.)
\linebreak 
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.\cite{halpern.ubel.ea:solid-organ*2}


As an option, if a journal carries continuous pagination throughout a volume (as many medical journals do) the month and issue number may be omitted.
\linebreak 
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:284-7.\cite{halpern.ubel.ea:solid-organ}

\subsubsection{Optional addition of a database's unique identifier for the citation:}

Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7. Cited in PubMed; PMID 12140307.\cite{halpern.ubel.ea:solid-organ*1}

\subsubsection{More than six authors:}

Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-6.\cite{rose.huerbin.ea:regulation}

\subsection{Organization as author}

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679-86.\cite{hypertension}

\subsection{Both personal authors and an organization as author (This example does not conform to NISO standards.)}

Vallancien G, Emberton M, Harving N, van Moorselaar RJ; Alf-One Study Group. Sexual dysfunction in 1,274 European men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2003;169(6):2257-61.\cite{vallancien.emberton.ea:sexual}

\subsection{No author given}

21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ. 2002;325(7357):184.\cite{21st}

\subsection{Article not in English}

(Note: NLM translates the title into English, encloses the translation in square brackets, and adds an abbreviated language designator.)
\linebreak 
Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin- og jusstudenter. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122(8):785-7.\cite{ellingsen.wilhelmsen:sykdomsangst}

\subsection{Volume with supplement}

Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with short- and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison with sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9.\cite{geraud.spierings.ea:tolerability}

\subsection{Issue with supplement}

Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology. 2002;58(12 Suppl 7):S6-12.\cite{glauser:integrating}

\subsection{Volume with part}

Abend SM, Kulish N. The psychoanalytic method from an epistemological viewpoint. Int J Psychoanal. 2002;83(Pt 2):491-5.\cite{abend.kulish:psychoanalytic}

\subsection{Issue with part}

Ahrar K, Madoff DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Price RE, Wright KC. Development of a large animal model for lung tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(9 Pt 1):923-8.\cite{ahrar.madoff.ea:development}

\subsection{Issue with no volume}

Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in revision total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 2002;(401):230-8.\cite{banit.kaufer.ea:intraoperative}

\subsection{No volume or issue}

Outreach: bringing HIV-positive individuals into care. HRSA Careaction. 2002 Jun:1-6.\cite{outreach}

\subsection{Pagination in roman numerals}

Chadwick R, Schuklenk U. The politics of ethical consensus finding. Bioethics. 2002;16(2):iii-v.\cite{chadwick.schuklenk:politics}

\subsection{Type of article indicated as needed}

Tor M, Turker H. International approaches to the prescription of long-term oxygen therapy [letter]. Eur Respir J. 2002;20(1):242.\cite{tor.turker:international}
\linebreak 
Lofwall MR, Strain EC, Brooner RK, Kindbom KA, Bigelow GE. Characteristics of older methadone maintenance (MM) patients [abstract]. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002;66 Suppl 1:S105.\cite{lofwall.strain.ea:characteristics}

\subsection{Article containing retraction}

Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169. Retraction of: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(12):909-11.\cite{feifel.moutier.ea:safety}

\subsection{Article retracted}

Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(12):909-11. Retraction in: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169.\cite{feifel.moutier.ea:safety*1}

\subsection{Article republished with corrections}

Mansharamani M, Chilton BS. The reproductive importance of P-type ATPases. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;188(1-2):22-5. Corrected and republished from: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001;183(1-2):123-6.\cite{mansharamani.chilton:reproductive}

\subsection{Article with published erratum}

Malinowski JM, Bolesta S. Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a critical review. Clin Ther. 2000;22(10):1151-68; discussion 1149-50. Erratum in: Clin Ther 2001;23(2):309.\cite{malinowski.bolesta:rosiglitazone}

\subsection{Article published electronically ahead of the print version}

Yu WM, Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Qu CK. Immortalization of yolk sac-derived precursor cells. Blood. 2002 Nov 15;100(10):3828-31. Epub 2002 Jul 5.\cite{yu.hawley.ea:immortalization}

\section{Books and Other Monographs}

\subsection{Personal author(s)}

Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.\cite{murray.rosenthal.ea:medical}

\subsection{Editor(s), compiler(s) as author}

Gilstrap LC 3rd, Cunningham FG, VanDorsten JP, editors. Operative obstetrics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002.\cite{gilstrap.cunningham.ea:operative}

\subsection{Author(s) and editor(s)}

Breedlove GK, Schorfheide AM. Adolescent pregnancy. 2nd ed. Wieczorek RR, editor. White Plains (NY): March of Dimes Education Services; 2001.\cite{breedlove.schorfheide:adolescent}

\subsection{Organization(s) as author}

Royal Adelaide Hospital; University of Adelaide, Department of Clinical Nursing. Compendium of nursing research and practice development, 1999-2000. Adelaide (Australia): Adelaide University; 2001.\cite{compendium}

\subsection{Chapter in a book}

Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.\cite{meltzer.kallioniemi.ea:genetic}

\subsection{Conference proceedings}

Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings of the 5th Germ Cell Tumour Conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. New York: Springer; 2002.\cite{harnden.joffe.ea:germ}

\subsection{Conference paper}

Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational effort statistic for genetic programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C, Tettamanzi AG, editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin: Springer; 2002. p. 182-91.\cite{christensen.oppacher:analysis}

\subsection{Scientific or technical report}

\subsubsection{Issued by funding/sponsoring agency:}

Yen GG (Oklahoma State University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stillwater, OK). Health monitoring on vibration signatures. Final report. Arlington (VA): Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), Air Force Research Laboratory; 2002 Feb. Report No.: AFRLSRBLTR020123. Contract No.: F496209810049.\cite{yen:health}

\subsubsection{Issued by performing agency:}

Russell ML, Goth-Goldstein R, Apte MG, Fisk WJ. Method for measuring the size distribution of airborne Rhinovirus. Berkeley (CA): Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division; 2002 Jan. Report No.: LBNL49574. Contract No.: DEAC0376SF00098. Sponsored by the Department of Energy.\cite{russell.goth-goldstein.ea:method}

\subsection{Dissertation}

Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of Hispanic Americans [dissertation]. Mount Pleasant (MI): Central Michigan University; 2002.\cite{borkowski:infant}

\subsection{Patent}

Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R\&D Inc., assignee. Flexible endoscopic grasping and cutting device and positioning tool assembly. United States patent US 20020103498. 2002 Aug 1.\cite{pagedas:flexible}

\section{Other Published Material}

\subsection{Newspaper article}

Tynan T. Medical improvements lower homicide rate: study sees drop in assault rate. The Washington Post. 2002 Aug 12;Sect. A:2 (col. 4).\cite{tynan:medical}

\subsection{Audiovisual material}

Chason KW, Sallustio S. Hospital preparedness for bioterrorism [videocassette]. Secaucus (NJ): Network for Continuing Medical Education; 2002.\cite{chason.sallustio:hospital}

\subsection{Legal Material}

\subsubsection{Public law:}
Veterans Hearing Loss Compensation Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-9, 115 Stat. 11 (May 24, 2001).

\subsubsection{Unenacted bill:}
Healthy Children Learn Act, S. 1012, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (2001).

\subsubsection{Code of Federal Regulations:}
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Intracardiac Suction Control, 21 C.F.R. Sect. 870.4430 (2002).

\subsubsection{Hearing:}
Arsenic in Drinking Water: An Update on the Science, Benefits and Cost: Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Environment, Technology and Standards of the House Comm. on Science, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (Oct. 4, 2001).

\subsection{Map}

Pratt B, Flick P, Vynne C, cartographers. Biodiversity hotspots [map]. Washington: Conservation International; 2000.\cite{prat.flick.ea:biodiversity}

\subsection{Dictionary and similar references}

Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary. 29th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2000. Filamin; p. 675.\cite{filamin}

\section{Unpublished Material}

\subsection{In press}

(Note: NLM prefers "forthcoming" because not all items will be printed.)
\linebreak 
Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of balancing selection in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. In press 2002.\cite{ tian.araki.ea:signature}

\section{Electronic Material}

\subsection{CD-ROM}

Anderson SC, Poulsen KB. Anderson's electronic atlas of hematology [CD-ROM]. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins; 2002.\cite{anderson.poulsen:andersons}

\subsection{Journal article on the Internet}

Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts in an advisory role. Am J Nurs [serial on the Internet]. 2002 Jun [cited 2002 Aug 12];102(6):[about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nursingworld.org/AJN/2002/june/Wawatch.htm\cite{abood:quality}

\subsection{Monograph on the Internet}

Foley KM, Gelband H, editors. Improving palliative care for cancer [monograph on the Internet]. Washington: National Academy Press; 2001 [cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309074029/html/.\cite{foley.gelband:improving}

\subsection{Homepage/Web site}

Cancer-Pain.org [homepage on the Internet]. New York: Association of Cancer Online Resources, Inc.; c2000-01 [updated 2002 May 16; cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from: http://www.cancer-pain.org/.\cite{cancer-pain}

\subsection{Part of a homepage/Web site}

American Medical Association [homepage on the Internet]. Chicago: The Association; c1995-2002 [updated 2001 Aug 23; cited 2002 Aug 12]. AMA Office of Group Practice Liaison; [about 2 screens]. Available from: http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/1736.html\cite{american}

\subsection{Database on the Internet}

\subsubsection{Open database:}
Who's Certified [database on the Internet]. Evanston (IL): The American Board of Medical Specialists. c2000 - [cited 2001 Mar 8]. Available from: http://www.abms.org/newsearch.asp\cite{whos}

\subsubsection{Closed database:}
Jablonski S. Online Multiple Congential Anomaly/Mental Retardation (MCA/MR) Syndromes [database on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). c1999 [updated 2001 Nov 20; cited 2002 Aug 12]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/jablonski/syndrome\_title.html\cite{jablonski:online}

\subsubsection{Part of a database on the Internet}
MeSH Browser [database on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2002 - [cited 2003 Jun 10]. Meta-analysis; unique ID: D015201; [about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html\cite{mesh}
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