path: root/Build/source/texk/dvipdfm-x/jpegimage.c

/* This is dvipdfmx, an eXtended version of dvipdfm by Mark A. Wicks.

    Copyright (C) 2002-2017 by Jin-Hwan Cho and Shunsaku Hirata,
    the dvipdfmx project team.

    Copyright (C) 1998, 1999 by Mark A. Wicks <mwicks@kettering.edu>

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
*/

#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif

/*
 * JPEG SUPPORT
 *
 * Accroding to Libjpeg document:
 *
 *  CAUTION: it appears that Adobe Photoshop writes inverted data in CMYK
 *  JPEG files: 0 represents 100% ink coverage, rather than 0% ink as you'd
 *  expect....
 *
 * To wrok with this problem, we must detect whether CMYK JPEG file is
 * created by Photoshop. But there are no reliable way to determine this.
 *
 * According to Adobe Technical Note #5516,
 * "Supporting the DCT Filters in PostScript Level 2", Section 18, p.27.
 *
 *  DCTDecode ignores and skips any APPE marker segment does not begin with
 *  the `Adobe' 5-character string.
 *
 * PDF Reference Manual 4th ed., p.61-62.
 *
 *  The JPEG filter implementation in Adobe Acrobat products does not
 *  support features of the JPEG standard that are irrelevant to images.
 *  In addition, certain choices have been made regarding reserved marker
 *  codes and other optional features of the standard. For details, see
 *  Adobe Technical Note #5116, Supporting the DCT Filters in PostScript
 *  Level 2.
 */

#include "system.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "mem.h"

#include "mfileio.h"
#include "numbers.h"

#include "dvipdfmx.h"

#include "pdfobj.h"

#include "jpegimage.h"
#include "pdfcolor.h"

#include "pdfximage.h"

#define JPEG_DEBUG_STR "JPEG"
#define JPEG_DEBUG     3

#ifdef    HAVE_LIBJPEG
#include <jpeglib.h>
#endif /* HAVE_LIBJPEG */

/* JPEG Markers */
typedef enum {
  JM_SOF0  = 0xc0,
  JM_SOF1  = 0xc1,
  JM_SOF2  = 0xc2,
  JM_SOF3  = 0xc3,
  JM_SOF5  = 0xc5,
  JM_DHT   = 0xc4,
  JM_SOF6  = 0xc6,
  JM_SOF7  = 0xc7,
  JM_SOF9  = 0xc9,
  JM_SOF10 = 0xca,
  JM_SOF11 = 0xcb,
  JM_DAC   = 0xcc,
  JM_SOF13 = 0xcd,
  JM_SOF14 = 0xce,
  JM_SOF15 = 0xcf,

  JM_RST0  = 0xd0,
  JM_RST1  = 0xd1,
  JM_RST2  = 0xd2,
  JM_RST3  = 0xd3,
  JM_RST4  = 0xd4,
  JM_RST5  = 0xd5,
  JM_RST6  = 0xd6,
  JM_RST7  = 0xd7,

  JM_SOI   = 0xd8,
  JM_EOI   = 0xd9,
  JM_SOS   = 0xda,
  JM_DQT   = 0xdb,
  JM_DNL   = 0xdc,
  JM_DRI   = 0xdd,
  JM_DHP   = 0xde,
  JM_EXP   = 0xdf,

  JM_APP0  = 0xe0,
  JM_APP1  = 0xe1,
  JM_APP2  = 0xe2,
  JM_APP14 = 0xee,
  JM_APP15 = 0xef,

  JM_COM   = 0xfe
} JPEG_marker;

typedef enum {
  JS_APPn_JFIF,
  JS_APPn_ADOBE,
  JS_APPn_ICC,
  JS_APPn_XMP
} JPEG_APPn_sig;

struct JPEG_APPn_JFIF  /* APP0 */
{
  uint16_t       version;
  uint8_t        units;      /* 0: only aspect ratio
                              * 1: dots per inch
                              * 2: dots per cm
                              */
  uint16_t       Xdensity;
  uint16_t       Ydensity;
  uint8_t        Xthumbnail;
  uint8_t        Ythumbnail;
  unsigned char *thumbnail;  /* Thumbnail data. */
};

struct JPEG_APPn_ICC   /* APP2 */
{
  uint8_t        seq_id;
  uint8_t        num_chunks;
  unsigned char *chunk;

  /* Length of ICC profile data in this chunk. */
  size_t         length;
};

struct JPEG_APPn_Adobe /* APP14 */
{
  uint16_t version;
  uint16_t flag0;
  uint16_t flag1;
  uint8_t  transform; /* color transform code */
};

struct JPEG_APPn_XMP   /* APP1 */
{
  unsigned char *packet; /* XMP packet */

  /* Length of XMP packet data */
  size_t         length;
};

struct JPEG_ext
{
  JPEG_marker   marker;
  JPEG_APPn_sig app_sig;
  void         *app_data;
};

#define MAX_COUNT 1024
struct  JPEG_info
{
  uint16_t height;
  uint16_t width;

  uint8_t  bits_per_component;
  uint8_t  num_components;

  double xdpi;
  double ydpi;

  /* Application specific extensions */
  int flags;
  int num_appn, max_appn;
  struct JPEG_ext *appn;

  /* Skip chunks not necessary. */
  char skipbits[MAX_COUNT / 8 + 1];
};

#define HAVE_APPn_JFIF  (1 << 0)
#define HAVE_APPn_ADOBE (1 << 1)
#define HAVE_APPn_ICC   (1 << 2)
#define HAVE_APPn_Exif  (1 << 3)
#define HAVE_APPn_XMP   (1 << 4)

static int      JPEG_scan_file   (struct JPEG_info *j_info, FILE *fp);
static int      JPEG_copy_stream (struct JPEG_info *j_info, pdf_obj *stream, FILE *fp);

static void     JPEG_info_init   (struct JPEG_info *j_info);
static void     JPEG_info_clear  (struct JPEG_info *j_info);
static pdf_obj *JPEG_get_XMP     (struct JPEG_info *j_info);
static pdf_obj *JPEG_get_iccp    (struct JPEG_info *j_info);
static void     jpeg_get_density (struct JPEG_info *j_info, double *xdensity, double *ydensity);

int
check_for_jpeg (FILE *fp)
{
  unsigned char jpeg_sig[2];

  rewind(fp);
  if (fread(jpeg_sig, sizeof(unsigned char), 2, fp) != 2)
    return 0;
  else if (jpeg_sig[0] != 0xff || jpeg_sig[1] != JM_SOI)
    return 0;

  return 1;
}

int
jpeg_include_image (pdf_ximage *ximage, FILE *fp)
{
  pdf_obj         *stream;
  pdf_obj         *stream_dict;
  pdf_obj         *colorspace;
  int              colortype;
  ximage_info      info;
  struct JPEG_info j_info;

  if (!check_for_jpeg(fp)) {
    WARN("%s: Not a JPEG file?", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
    rewind(fp);
    return -1;
  }
  /* File position is 2 here... */

  pdf_ximage_init_image_info(&info);

  JPEG_info_init(&j_info);

  if (JPEG_scan_file(&j_info, fp) < 0) {
    WARN("%s: Not a JPEG file?", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
    JPEG_info_clear(&j_info);
    return -1;
  }

  switch (j_info.num_components) {
  case 1:
    colortype = PDF_COLORSPACE_TYPE_GRAY;
    break;
  case 3:
    colortype = PDF_COLORSPACE_TYPE_RGB;
    break;
  case 4:
    colortype = PDF_COLORSPACE_TYPE_CMYK;
    break;
  default:
    WARN("%s: Unknown color space (num components: %d)", JPEG_DEBUG_STR, info.num_components);
    JPEG_info_clear(&j_info);
    return -1;
  }

  /* JPEG image use DCTDecode. */
  stream      = pdf_new_stream (0);
  stream_dict = pdf_stream_dict(stream);
  pdf_add_dict(stream_dict, pdf_new_name("Filter"), pdf_new_name("DCTDecode"));

  /* XMP Metadata */
  if (pdf_get_version() >= 4) {
    if (j_info.flags & HAVE_APPn_XMP) {
      pdf_obj *XMP_stream;

      XMP_stream = JPEG_get_XMP(&j_info);
      pdf_add_dict(stream_dict,
                   pdf_new_name("Metadata"), pdf_ref_obj(XMP_stream));
      pdf_release_obj(XMP_stream);
    }
  }

  /* Check embedded ICC Profile */
  colorspace  = NULL;
  if (j_info.flags & HAVE_APPn_ICC) {
    pdf_obj *icc_stream, *intent;
    int      cspc_id;

    icc_stream = JPEG_get_iccp(&j_info);
    if (!icc_stream)
      colorspace = NULL;
    else {
      if (iccp_check_colorspace(colortype,
          pdf_stream_dataptr(icc_stream), pdf_stream_length (icc_stream)) < 0)
        colorspace = NULL;
      else {
        cspc_id = iccp_load_profile(NULL, /* noname */
                                    pdf_stream_dataptr(icc_stream),
                                    pdf_stream_length (icc_stream));
        if (cspc_id < 0)
          colorspace = NULL;
        else {
          colorspace = pdf_get_colorspace_reference(cspc_id);
          intent     = iccp_get_rendering_intent(pdf_stream_dataptr(icc_stream),
                                                 pdf_stream_length (icc_stream));
          if (intent)
            pdf_add_dict(stream_dict, pdf_new_name("Intent"), intent);
        }
      }
      pdf_release_obj(icc_stream);
    }
  }
  /* No ICC or invalid ICC profile. */
  if (!colorspace) {
    switch (colortype) {
    case PDF_COLORSPACE_TYPE_GRAY:
      colorspace = pdf_new_name("DeviceGray");
      break;
    case PDF_COLORSPACE_TYPE_RGB:
      colorspace = pdf_new_name("DeviceRGB");
      break;
    case PDF_COLORSPACE_TYPE_CMYK:
      colorspace = pdf_new_name("DeviceCMYK");
      break;
    }
  }
  pdf_add_dict(stream_dict, pdf_new_name("ColorSpace"), colorspace);

#define IS_ADOBE_CMYK(j) (((j).flags & HAVE_APPn_ADOBE) && (j).num_components == 4)
  if (IS_ADOBE_CMYK(j_info)) {
    pdf_obj *decode;
    int      i;

    WARN("Adobe CMYK JPEG: Inverted color assumed.");
    decode = pdf_new_array();
    for (i = 0; i < j_info.num_components; i++) {
      pdf_add_array(decode, pdf_new_number(1.0));
      pdf_add_array(decode, pdf_new_number(0.0));
    }
    pdf_add_dict(stream_dict, pdf_new_name("Decode"), decode);
  }

  /* Copy file */
  JPEG_copy_stream(&j_info, stream, fp);

  info.width              = j_info.width;
  info.height             = j_info.height;
  info.bits_per_component = j_info.bits_per_component;
  info.num_components     = j_info.num_components;

  jpeg_get_density(&j_info, &info.xdensity, &info.ydensity);

  pdf_ximage_set_image(ximage, &info, stream);
  JPEG_info_clear(&j_info);

  return 0;
}

static void
jpeg_get_density (struct JPEG_info *j_info, double *xdensity, double *ydensity)
{
  if (compat_mode) {
    *xdensity = *ydensity = 72.0 / 100.0;
    return;
  }

/*
 * j_info->xdpi and j_info->ydpi are already determined
 * because jpeg_get_density() is always called after
 * JPEG_scan_file().
 */
  *xdensity = 72.0 / j_info->xdpi;
  *ydensity = 72.0 / j_info->ydpi;

  return;
}

static void
JPEG_info_init (struct JPEG_info *j_info)
{
  j_info->width              = 0;
  j_info->height             = 0;
  j_info->bits_per_component = 0;
  j_info->num_components     = 0;

  j_info->xdpi     = 0.0;
  j_info->ydpi     = 0.0;

  j_info->flags    = 0;
  j_info->num_appn = 0;
  j_info->max_appn = 0;
  j_info->appn     = NULL;

  memset(j_info->skipbits, 0, MAX_COUNT / 8 + 1);
}

static void
JPEG_release_APPn_data (JPEG_marker marker, JPEG_APPn_sig app_sig, void *app_data)
{
  if (marker  == JM_APP0 &&
      app_sig == JS_APPn_JFIF) {
    struct JPEG_APPn_JFIF *data;

    data = (struct JPEG_APPn_JFIF *) app_data;
    if (data->thumbnail)
      RELEASE(data->thumbnail);
    data->thumbnail = NULL;

    RELEASE(data);
  } else if (marker  == JM_APP2 && app_sig == JS_APPn_ICC) {
    struct JPEG_APPn_ICC *data;

    data = (struct JPEG_APPn_ICC *) app_data;
    if (data->chunk)
      RELEASE(data->chunk);
    data->chunk = NULL;

    RELEASE(data);
  } else if (marker  == JM_APP14 && app_sig == JS_APPn_ADOBE) {
    struct JPEG_APPn_Adobe *data;

    data = (struct JPEG_APPn_Adobe *) app_data;

    RELEASE(data);
  } else if (marker == JM_APP1 && app_sig == JS_APPn_XMP) {
    struct JPEG_APPn_XMP *data;

    data = (struct JPEG_APPn_XMP *) app_data;
    if (data->packet)
      RELEASE(data->packet);

    RELEASE(data);
  }
}

static void
JPEG_info_clear (struct JPEG_info *j_info)
{
  if (j_info->num_appn > 0 &&
      j_info->appn    != NULL) {
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < j_info->num_appn; i++)
      JPEG_release_APPn_data(j_info->appn[i].marker,
                             j_info->appn[i].app_sig, j_info->appn[i].app_data);
    RELEASE(j_info->appn);
  }
  j_info->appn     = NULL;
  j_info->num_appn = 0;
  j_info->max_appn = 0;
  j_info->flags    = 0;
}

static pdf_obj *
JPEG_get_iccp (struct JPEG_info *j_info)
{
  pdf_obj              *icc_stream;
  struct JPEG_APPn_ICC *icc;
  int    i, prev_id = 0, num_icc_seg = -1;

  icc_stream = pdf_new_stream(STREAM_COMPRESS);
  for (i = 0; i < j_info->num_appn; i++) {
    if (j_info->appn[i].marker  != JM_APP2 ||
        j_info->appn[i].app_sig != JS_APPn_ICC)
      continue;
    icc = (struct JPEG_APPn_ICC *) j_info->appn[i].app_data;
    if (num_icc_seg < 0 && prev_id == 0) {
      num_icc_seg = icc->num_chunks;
      /* ICC chunks are sorted? */
    } else if (icc->seq_id != prev_id + 1 ||
               num_icc_seg != icc->num_chunks || icc->seq_id  > icc->num_chunks) {
      WARN("Invalid JPEG ICC chunk: %d (p:%d, n:%d)", icc->seq_id, prev_id, icc->num_chunks);
      pdf_release_obj(icc_stream);
      icc_stream = NULL;
      break;
    }
    pdf_add_stream(icc_stream, icc->chunk, icc->length);
    prev_id     = icc->seq_id;
    num_icc_seg = icc->num_chunks;
  }

  return icc_stream;
}

static pdf_obj *
JPEG_get_XMP (struct JPEG_info *j_info)
{
  pdf_obj              *XMP_stream, *stream_dict;
  struct JPEG_APPn_XMP *XMP;
  int    i, count = 0;

  /* I don't know if XMP Metadata should be compressed here.*/
  XMP_stream  = pdf_new_stream(STREAM_COMPRESS);
  stream_dict = pdf_stream_dict(XMP_stream);
  pdf_add_dict(stream_dict,
               pdf_new_name("Type"), pdf_new_name("Metadata"));
  pdf_add_dict(stream_dict,
               pdf_new_name("Subtype"), pdf_new_name("XML"));
  for (i = 0; i < j_info->num_appn; i++) {
    /* Not sure for the case of multiple segments */
    if (j_info->appn[i].marker  != JM_APP1 ||
        j_info->appn[i].app_sig != JS_APPn_XMP)
      continue;
    XMP = (struct JPEG_APPn_XMP *) j_info->appn[i].app_data;
    pdf_add_stream(XMP_stream, XMP->packet, XMP->length);
    count++;
  }
  if (count > 1)
    WARN("%s: Multiple XMP segments found in JPEG file. (untested)", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);

  return XMP_stream;
}

static JPEG_marker
JPEG_get_marker (FILE *fp)
{
  int c;

  c = fgetc(fp);
  if (c != 255)
    return -1;

  for (;;) {
    c = fgetc(fp);
    if (c < 0)
      return -1;
    else if (c > 0 && c < 255) {
      return c;
    }
  }
}

static int
add_APPn_marker (struct JPEG_info *j_info, JPEG_marker marker, int app_sig, void *app_data)
{
  int n;

  if (j_info->num_appn >= j_info->max_appn) {
    j_info->max_appn += 16;
    j_info->appn = RENEW(j_info->appn, j_info->max_appn, struct JPEG_ext);
  }
  n = j_info->num_appn;

  j_info->appn[n].marker   = marker;
  j_info->appn[n].app_sig  = app_sig;
  j_info->appn[n].app_data = app_data;

  j_info->num_appn += 1;

  return n;
}

static unsigned short
read_APP14_Adobe (struct JPEG_info *j_info, FILE *fp)
{
  struct JPEG_APPn_Adobe *app_data;

  app_data = NEW(1, struct JPEG_APPn_Adobe);
  app_data->version   = get_unsigned_pair(fp);
  app_data->flag0     = get_unsigned_pair(fp);
  app_data->flag1     = get_unsigned_pair(fp);
  app_data->transform = get_unsigned_byte(fp);

  add_APPn_marker(j_info, JM_APP14, JS_APPn_ADOBE, app_data);

  return 7;
}

#define JPEG_EXIF_BIGENDIAN    0
#define JPEG_EXIF_LITTLEENDIAN 1
static int
read_exif_bytes (unsigned char **pp, int n, int endian)
{
  int            rval = 0;
  unsigned char *p   = *pp;
  int            i;

  switch (endian) {
  case JPEG_EXIF_BIGENDIAN:
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      rval = (rval << 8) + p[i];
    }
    break;
  case JPEG_EXIF_LITTLEENDIAN:
    for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      rval = (rval << 8) + p[i];
    }
    break;
  }

  *pp += n;
  return rval;
}

#define JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_BYTE             1
#define JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_ASCII            2
#define JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_SHORT            3
#define JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_LONG             4
#define JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_RATIONAL         5
#define JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_UNDEFINED        7
#define JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_SLONG            9
#define JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_SRATIONAL       10

#define JPEG_EXIF_TAG_XRESOLUTION     282
#define JPEG_EXIF_TAG_YRESOLUTION     283
#define JPEG_EXIF_TAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT  296
#define JPEG_EXIF_TAG_RESUNIT_MS      0x5110
#define JPEG_EXIF_TAG_XRES_MS         0x5111
#define JPEG_EXIF_TAG_YRES_MS         0x5112
static size_t
read_APP1_Exif (struct JPEG_info *j_info, FILE *fp, size_t length)
{
  /* this doesn't save the data, just reads the tags we need */
  /* based on info from http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF */
  unsigned char *buffer = NEW(length, unsigned char);
  unsigned char *p, *endptr;
  unsigned char *tiff_header;
  int            endian;
  int            num_fields;
  int            value = 0, offset;
  double         xres = 0.0, yres = 0.0;
  double         res_unit = 0.0;
  unsigned int   xres_ms = 0;
  unsigned int   yres_ms = 0;
  double         res_unit_ms = 0.0;
  double         exifxdpi = 0.0, exifydpi = 0.0;

  fread(buffer, length, 1, fp);
  if (length < 10)
    goto err;

  p = buffer; endptr = buffer + length;
  while ((p < endptr) && (*p == 0))
    p++;

  if (p + 8 >= endptr)
    goto err;
  /* TIFF header */
  tiff_header = p;
  if ((p[0] == 'M') && (p[1] == 'M'))
    endian = JPEG_EXIF_BIGENDIAN;
  else if ((p[0] == 'I') && (p[1] == 'I'))
    endian = JPEG_EXIF_LITTLEENDIAN;
  else {
    WARN("%s: Invalid value in Exif TIFF header.", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
    goto err;
  }
  p    += 2;
  value = read_exif_bytes(&p, 2, endian);
  if (value != 42) {
    WARN("%s: Invalid value in Exif TIFF header.", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
    goto err;
  }
  /* Offset to 0th IFD */
  offset = read_exif_bytes(&p, 4, endian);

  p = tiff_header + offset;
  if (p + 2 >= endptr)
    goto err;
  num_fields = read_exif_bytes(&p, 2, endian);
  while (num_fields-- > 0 && p < endptr) {
    int            tag, type;
    int            count;
    unsigned int   den, num;

    if (p + 12 > endptr) {
      WARN("%s: Truncated Exif data...", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
      goto err;     
    }
    tag   = (int) read_exif_bytes(&p, 2, endian);
    type  = (int) read_exif_bytes(&p, 2, endian);
    count = read_exif_bytes(&p, 4, endian);
    /* Exif data is redundant... */
    switch (tag) {
    case JPEG_EXIF_TAG_XRESOLUTION:
      if (type != JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_RATIONAL || count != 1) {
        WARN("%s: Invalid data for XResolution in Exif chunk.", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
        goto err;
      }
      offset = read_exif_bytes(&p, 4, endian);
      if (tiff_header + offset + 8 > buffer + length) {
        WARN("%s: Invalid offset value in Exif data.", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
        goto err;
      } else {
        unsigned char *vp = tiff_header + offset;
        num = (unsigned int) read_exif_bytes(&vp, 4, endian);
        den = (unsigned int) read_exif_bytes(&vp, 4, endian);
      }
      if (den > 0)
        xres = (double) num / den;
      break;
    case JPEG_EXIF_TAG_YRESOLUTION:
      if (type != JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_RATIONAL || count != 1) {
        WARN("%s: Invalid data for XResolution in Exif chunk.", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
        goto err;
      }
      offset = read_exif_bytes(&p, 4, endian);
      if (tiff_header + offset + 8 > buffer + length) {
        WARN("%s: Invalid offset value in Exif data.", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
        goto err;
      } else {
        unsigned char *vp = tiff_header + offset;
        num = (unsigned int) read_exif_bytes(&vp, 4, endian);
        den = (unsigned int) read_exif_bytes(&vp, 4, endian);
      } 
      if (den > 0)
        yres = (double) num / den;
      break;
    case JPEG_EXIF_TAG_RESOLUTIONUNIT:
      if (type != JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_SHORT || count != 1) {
        WARN("%s: Invalid data for ResolutionUnit in Exif chunk.", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
        goto err;
      }
      value = read_exif_bytes(&p, 2, endian);
      p    += 2;
      if (value == 2)
        res_unit = 1.0 ; /* inch */
      else if (value == 3)
        res_unit = 2.54; /* cm */
      break;
    case JPEG_EXIF_TAG_RESUNIT_MS: /* PixelUnit */
      if (type != JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_BYTE || count != 1) {
        WARN("%s: Invalid data for ResolutionUnit in Exif chunk.", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
        goto err;
      }
      value = read_exif_bytes(&p, 1, endian);
      p += 3;
      if (value == 1)
        res_unit_ms = 0.0254; /* Unit is meter */
      else
        res_unit_ms = 0.0;
      break;
    case JPEG_EXIF_TAG_XRES_MS: /* PixelPerUnitX */
      if (type != JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_LONG || count != 1) {
        WARN("%s: Invalid data for PixelPerUnitX in Exif chunk.", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
        goto err;
      }
      value = read_exif_bytes(&p, 4, endian);
      xres_ms = value;
      break;
    case JPEG_EXIF_TAG_YRES_MS: /* PixelPerUnitY */
      if (type != JPEG_EXIF_TYPE_LONG || count != 1) {
        WARN("%s: Invalid data for PixelPerUnitY in Exif chunk.", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
        goto err;
      }
      value = read_exif_bytes(&p, 4, endian);
      yres_ms = value;
      break;
    default:
      /* 40901 ColorSpace and 42240 Gamma unsupported... */
      p += 4;
      break;
    }
  }
  if (num_fields > 0) {
    WARN("%s: Truncated Exif data...", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
    goto err; 
  }

/* Calculate Exif resolution, if given.
 */
  if (xres > 0.0 && yres > 0.0) {
    exifxdpi = xres * res_unit;
    exifydpi = yres * res_unit;
  } else if (xres_ms > 0 && yres_ms > 0 && res_unit_ms > 0.0) {
    exifxdpi = xres_ms * res_unit_ms;
    exifydpi = yres_ms * res_unit_ms;
  } else {
    exifxdpi = 72.0 * res_unit;
    exifydpi = 72.0 * res_unit;
  }

/* Do not overwrite j_info->xdpi and j_info->ydpi if they are
 * already determined in JFIF.
 */
  if (j_info->xdpi < 0.1 && j_info->ydpi < 0.1) {
    j_info->xdpi = exifxdpi;
    j_info->ydpi = exifydpi;
  } else {
    double xxx1 = floor(exifxdpi+0.5);
    double xxx2 = floor(j_info->xdpi+0.5);
    double yyy1 = floor(exifydpi+0.5);
    double yyy2 = floor(j_info->ydpi+0.5);

    if (xxx1 != xxx2 || yyy1 != yyy2) {
      WARN("%s: Inconsistent resolution may have " \
           "specified in Exif and JFIF: %gx%g - %gx%g", JPEG_DEBUG_STR,
           xxx1, yyy1, xxx2, yyy2);
    }
  }

err:
  RELEASE(buffer);
  return length;
}

static size_t
read_APP0_JFIF (struct JPEG_info *j_info, FILE *fp)
{
  struct JPEG_APPn_JFIF *app_data;
  size_t thumb_data_len;

  app_data = NEW(1, struct JPEG_APPn_JFIF);
  app_data->version    = get_unsigned_pair(fp);
  app_data->units      = get_unsigned_byte(fp);
  app_data->Xdensity   = get_unsigned_pair(fp);
  app_data->Ydensity   = get_unsigned_pair(fp);
  app_data->Xthumbnail = get_unsigned_byte(fp);
  app_data->Ythumbnail = get_unsigned_byte(fp);
  thumb_data_len = 3 * app_data->Xthumbnail * app_data->Ythumbnail;
  if (thumb_data_len > 0) {
    app_data->thumbnail = NEW(thumb_data_len, unsigned char);
    fread(app_data->thumbnail, 1, thumb_data_len, fp);
  } else {
    app_data->thumbnail = NULL;
  }

  add_APPn_marker(j_info, JM_APP0, JS_APPn_JFIF, app_data);

  switch (app_data->units) {
  case 1:
    j_info->xdpi = app_data->Xdensity;
    j_info->ydpi = app_data->Ydensity;
    break;
  case 2: /* density is in pixels per cm */
    j_info->xdpi = app_data->Xdensity * 2.54;
    j_info->ydpi = app_data->Ydensity * 2.54;
    break;
  default: /* FIXME: not sure what to do with this.... */
    j_info->xdpi = 72.0;
    j_info->ydpi = 72.0;
    break;
  }

  return (9 + thumb_data_len);
}

static size_t
read_APP0_JFXX (FILE *fp, size_t length)
{
  get_unsigned_byte(fp);
  /* Extension Code:
   *
   * 0x10: Thumbnail coded using JPEG
   * 0x11: Thumbnail stored using 1 byte/pixel
   * 0x13: Thumbnail stored using 3 bytes/pixel
   */
  seek_relative(fp, length - 1); /* Thunbnail image */

  /* Ignore */

  return length;
}

static size_t
read_APP1_XMP (struct JPEG_info *j_info, FILE *fp, size_t length)
{
  struct JPEG_APPn_XMP *app_data;

  app_data = NEW(1, struct JPEG_APPn_XMP);
  app_data->length = length;
  app_data->packet = NEW(app_data->length, unsigned char);
  fread(app_data->packet, 1, app_data->length, fp);

  add_APPn_marker(j_info, JM_APP1, JS_APPn_XMP, app_data);

  return length;
}

static size_t
read_APP2_ICC (struct JPEG_info *j_info, FILE *fp, size_t length)
{
  struct JPEG_APPn_ICC *app_data;

  app_data = NEW(1, struct JPEG_APPn_ICC);
  app_data->seq_id      = get_unsigned_byte(fp); /* Starting at 1 */
  app_data->num_chunks  = get_unsigned_byte(fp);
  app_data->length      = length - 2;
  app_data->chunk       = NEW(app_data->length, unsigned char);
  fread(app_data->chunk, 1, app_data->length, fp);

  add_APPn_marker(j_info, JM_APP2, JS_APPn_ICC, app_data);

  return length;
}

static int
JPEG_copy_stream (struct JPEG_info *j_info, pdf_obj *stream, FILE *fp)
{
  JPEG_marker marker;
  int         length;
  int         found_SOFn, count;

#define SKIP_CHUNK(j,c) ((j)->skipbits[(c) / 8] & (1 << (7 - (c) % 8)))
#define COPY_CHUNK(f,s,l) while ((l) > 0) { \
  int nb_read = fread(work_buffer, sizeof(char), MIN((l), WORK_BUFFER_SIZE), (f)); \
  if (nb_read > 0) \
    pdf_add_stream((s), work_buffer, nb_read); \
  (l) -= nb_read; \
}
  rewind(fp);
  count      = 0;
  found_SOFn = 0;
  while (!found_SOFn && count < MAX_COUNT &&
         (marker = JPEG_get_marker(fp)) != (JPEG_marker) - 1) {
    if ( marker == JM_SOI  ||
        (marker >= JM_RST0 && marker <= JM_RST7)) {
      work_buffer[0] = (char) 0xff;
      work_buffer[1] = (char) marker;
      pdf_add_stream(stream, work_buffer, 2);
    } else {
      length = get_unsigned_pair(fp) - 2;
      switch (marker) {
      case JM_SOF0:  case JM_SOF1:  case JM_SOF2:  case JM_SOF3:
      case JM_SOF5:  case JM_SOF6:  case JM_SOF7:  case JM_SOF9:
      case JM_SOF10: case JM_SOF11: case JM_SOF13: case JM_SOF14:
      case JM_SOF15:
        work_buffer[0] = (char) 0xff;
        work_buffer[1] = (char) marker;
        work_buffer[2] = ((length + 2) >> 8) & 0xff;
        work_buffer[3] =  (length + 2) & 0xff;
        pdf_add_stream(stream, work_buffer, 4);
        COPY_CHUNK(fp, stream, length);
        found_SOFn = 1;
        break;
      default:
        if (SKIP_CHUNK(j_info, count)) {
          seek_relative(fp, length);
        } else {
          work_buffer[0] = (char) 0xff;
          work_buffer[1] = (char) marker;
          work_buffer[2] = ((length + 2) >> 8) & 0xff;
          work_buffer[3] =  (length + 2) & 0xff;
          pdf_add_stream(stream, work_buffer, 4);
          COPY_CHUNK(fp, stream, length);
        }
      }
    }
    count++;
  }
  while ((length = fread(work_buffer,
                         sizeof(char), WORK_BUFFER_SIZE, fp)) > 0) {
    pdf_add_stream(stream, work_buffer, length);
  }

  return (found_SOFn ? 0 : -1);
}

#define SET_SKIP(j,c) if ((c) < MAX_COUNT) { \
  (j)->skipbits[(c) / 8] |= (1 << (7 - ((c) % 8))); \
}
static int
JPEG_scan_file (struct JPEG_info *j_info, FILE *fp)
{
  JPEG_marker marker;
  int         found_SOFn, count;
  char        app_sig[128];

  rewind(fp);
  count      = 0;
  found_SOFn = 0;
  while (!found_SOFn &&
         (marker = JPEG_get_marker(fp)) != (JPEG_marker) -1) {
    if ( marker != JM_SOI  &&
        (marker  < JM_RST0 || marker > JM_RST7)) {
      int length = get_unsigned_pair(fp) - 2;
      switch (marker) {
      case JM_SOF0:  case JM_SOF1:  case JM_SOF2:  case JM_SOF3:
      case JM_SOF5:  case JM_SOF6:  case JM_SOF7:  case JM_SOF9:
      case JM_SOF10: case JM_SOF11: case JM_SOF13: case JM_SOF14:
      case JM_SOF15:
        j_info->bits_per_component = get_unsigned_byte(fp);
        j_info->height             = get_unsigned_pair(fp);
        j_info->width              = get_unsigned_pair(fp);
        j_info->num_components     = get_unsigned_byte(fp);
        found_SOFn = 1;
        break;
      case JM_APP0:
        if (length > 5) {
          if (fread(app_sig, sizeof(char), 5, fp) != 5)
            return -1;
          length -= 5;
          if (!memcmp(app_sig, "JFIF\000", 5)) {
            j_info->flags |= HAVE_APPn_JFIF;
            length -= read_APP0_JFIF(j_info, fp);
          } else if (!memcmp(app_sig, "JFXX", 5)) {
            length -= read_APP0_JFXX(fp, length);
          }
        }
        seek_relative(fp, length);
        break;
      case JM_APP1:
        if (length > 5) {
          if (fread(app_sig, sizeof(char), 5, fp) != 5)
            return -1;
          length -= 5;
          if (!memcmp(app_sig, "Exif\000", 5)) {
            j_info->flags |= HAVE_APPn_Exif;
            length -= read_APP1_Exif(j_info, fp, length);
          } else if (!memcmp(app_sig, "http:", 5) && length > 24) {
            if (fread(app_sig, sizeof(char), 24, fp) != 24)
              return -1;
            length -= 24;
            if (!memcmp(app_sig, "//ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/\000", 24)) {
              j_info->flags |= HAVE_APPn_XMP;
              length -= read_APP1_XMP(j_info, fp, length);
              SET_SKIP(j_info, count);
            }
          }
        }
        seek_relative(fp, length);
        break;
      case JM_APP2:
        if (length >= 14) {
          if (fread(app_sig, sizeof(char), 12, fp) != 12)
            return -1;
          length -= 12;
          if (!memcmp(app_sig, "ICC_PROFILE\000", 12)) {
            j_info->flags |= HAVE_APPn_ICC;
            length -= read_APP2_ICC(j_info, fp, length);
            SET_SKIP(j_info, count);
          }
        }
        seek_relative(fp, length);
        break;
      case JM_APP14:
        if (length > 5) {
          if (fread(app_sig, sizeof(char), 5, fp) != 5)
            return -1;
          length -= 5;
          if (!memcmp(app_sig, "Adobe", 5)) {
            j_info->flags |= HAVE_APPn_ADOBE;
            length -= read_APP14_Adobe(j_info, fp);
          } else {
            SET_SKIP(j_info, count);
          }
        }
        seek_relative(fp, length);
        break;
      default:
        seek_relative(fp, length);
        if (marker >= JM_APP0 && marker <= JM_APP15) {
          SET_SKIP(j_info, count);
        }
        break;
      }
    }
    count++;
  }

  return (found_SOFn ? 0 : -1);
}

int
jpeg_get_bbox (FILE *fp, int *width, int *height, double *xdensity, double *ydensity)
{
  struct JPEG_info j_info;

  JPEG_info_init(&j_info);

  if (JPEG_scan_file(&j_info, fp) < 0) {
    WARN("%s: Not a JPEG file?", JPEG_DEBUG_STR);
    JPEG_info_clear(&j_info);
    return -1;
  }

  *width  = j_info.width;
  *height = j_info.height;

  jpeg_get_density(&j_info, xdensity, ydensity);

  JPEG_info_clear(&j_info);

  return 0;
}