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|
/* Copyright (C) 2001-2019 Peter Selinger.
This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
/* mkbitmap.c: a standalone program for converting greymaps to bitmaps
while optionally applying the following enhancements: highpass
filter (evening out background gradients), lowpass filter
(smoothing foreground details), interpolated scaling, inversion. */
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include <config.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include "greymap.h"
#include "bitmap_io.h"
#include "platform.h"
#define SAFE_CALLOC(var, n, typ) \
if ((var = (typ *)calloc(n, sizeof(typ))) == NULL) goto calloc_error
/* structure to hold command line options */
struct info_s {
char *outfile; /* output file */
char **infiles; /* input files */
int infilecount; /* how many input files? */
int invert; /* invert input? */
int highpass; /* use highpass filter? */
double lambda; /* highpass filter radius */
int lowpass; /* use lowpass filter? */
double lambda1; /* lowpass filter radius */
int scale; /* scaling factor */
int linear; /* linear scaling? */
int bilevel; /* convert to bilevel? */
double level; /* cutoff grey level */
const char *outext; /* default output file extension */
};
typedef struct info_s info_t;
static info_t info;
/* apply lowpass filter (an approximate Gaussian blur) to greymap.
Lambda is the standard deviation of the kernel of the filter (i.e.,
the approximate filter radius). */
static void lowpass(greymap_t *gm, double lambda) {
double f, g;
double c, d;
double B;
int x, y;
if (gm->h == 0 || gm->w == 0) {
return;
}
/* calculate filter coefficients from given lambda */
B = 1+2/(lambda*lambda);
c = B-sqrt(B*B-1);
d = 1-c;
for (y=0; y<gm->h; y++) {
/* apply low-pass filter to row y */
/* left-to-right */
f = g = 0;
for (x=0; x<gm->w; x++) {
f = f*c + GM_UGET(gm, x, y)*d;
g = g*c + f*d;
GM_UPUT(gm, x, y, g);
}
/* right-to-left */
for (x=gm->w-1; x>=0; x--) {
f = f*c + GM_UGET(gm, x, y)*d;
g = g*c + f*d;
GM_UPUT(gm, x, y, g);
}
/* left-to-right mop-up */
for (x=0; x<gm->w; x++) {
f = f*c;
g = g*c + f*d;
if (f+g < 1/255.0) {
break;
}
GM_UPUT(gm, x, y, GM_UGET(gm, x, y)+g);
}
}
for (x=0; x<gm->w; x++) {
/* apply low-pass filter to column x */
/* bottom-to-top */
f = g = 0;
for (y=0; y<gm->h; y++) {
f = f*c + GM_UGET(gm, x, y)*d;
g = g*c + f*d;
GM_UPUT(gm, x, y, g);
}
/* top-to-bottom */
for (y=gm->h-1; y>=0; y--) {
f = f*c + GM_UGET(gm, x, y)*d;
g = g*c + f*d;
GM_UPUT(gm, x, y, g);
}
/* bottom-to-top mop-up */
for (y=0; y<gm->h; y++) {
f = f*c;
g = g*c + f*d;
if (f+g < 1/255.0) {
break;
}
GM_UPUT(gm, x, y, GM_UGET(gm, x, y)+g);
}
}
}
/* apply highpass filter to greymap. Return 0 on success, 1 on error
with errno set. */
static int highpass(greymap_t *gm, double lambda) {
greymap_t *gm1;
double f;
int x, y;
if (gm->h == 0 || gm->w == 0) {
return 0;
}
/* create a copy */
gm1 = gm_dup(gm);
if (!gm1) {
return 1;
}
/* apply lowpass filter to the copy */
lowpass(gm1, lambda);
/* subtract copy from original */
for (y=0; y<gm->h; y++) {
for (x=0; x<gm->w; x++) {
f = GM_UGET(gm, x, y);
f -= GM_UGET(gm1, x, y);
f += 128; /* normalize! */
GM_UPUT(gm, x, y, f);
}
}
gm_free(gm1);
return 0;
}
/* Convert greymap to bitmap by using cutoff threshold c (0=black,
1=white). On error, return NULL with errno set. */
static potrace_bitmap_t *threshold(greymap_t *gm, double c) {
int w, h;
potrace_bitmap_t *bm_out = NULL;
double c1;
int x, y;
double p;
w = gm->w;
h = gm->h;
/* allocate output bitmap */
bm_out = bm_new(w, h);
if (!bm_out) {
return NULL;
}
/* thresholding */
c1 = c * 255;
for (y=0; y<h; y++) {
for (x=0; x<w; x++) {
p = GM_UGET(gm, x, y);
BM_UPUT(bm_out, x, y, p < c1);
}
}
return bm_out;
}
/* scale greymap by factor s, using linear interpolation. If
bilevel=0, return a pointer to a greymap_t. If bilevel=1, return a
pointer to a potrace_bitmap_t and use cutoff threshold c (0=black,
1=white). On error, return NULL with errno set. */
static void *interpolate_linear(greymap_t *gm, int s, int bilevel, double c) {
int p00, p01, p10, p11;
int i, j, x, y;
double xx, yy, av;
double c1 = 0;
int w, h;
double p0, p1;
greymap_t *gm_out = NULL;
potrace_bitmap_t *bm_out = NULL;
w = gm->w;
h = gm->h;
/* allocate output bitmap/greymap */
if (bilevel) {
bm_out = bm_new(w*s, h*s);
if (!bm_out) {
return NULL;
}
c1 = c * 255;
} else {
gm_out = gm_new(w*s, h*s);
if (!gm_out) {
return NULL;
}
}
/* interpolate */
for (i=0; i<w; i++) {
for (j=0; j<h; j++) {
p00 = GM_BGET(gm, i, j);
p01 = GM_BGET(gm, i, j+1);
p10 = GM_BGET(gm, i+1, j);
p11 = GM_BGET(gm, i+1, j+1);
if (bilevel) {
/* treat two special cases which are very common */
if (p00 < c1 && p01 < c1 && p10 < c1 && p11 < c1) {
for (x=0; x<s; x++) {
for (y=0; y<s; y++) {
BM_UPUT(bm_out, i*s+x, j*s+y, 1);
}
}
continue;
}
if (p00 >= c1 && p01 >= c1 && p10 >= c1 && p11 >= c1) {
continue;
}
}
/* the general case */
for (x=0; x<s; x++) {
xx = x/(double)s;
p0 = p00*(1-xx) + p10*xx;
p1 = p01*(1-xx) + p11*xx;
for (y=0; y<s; y++) {
yy = y/(double)s;
av = p0*(1-yy) + p1*yy;
if (bilevel) {
BM_UPUT(bm_out, i*s+x, j*s+y, av < c1);
} else {
GM_UPUT(gm_out, i*s+x, j*s+y, av);
}
}
}
}
}
if (bilevel) {
return (void *)bm_out;
} else {
return (void *)gm_out;
}
}
/* same as interpolate_linear, except use cubic interpolation (slower
and better). */
/* we need this typedef so that the SAFE_CALLOC macro will work */
typedef double double4[4];
static void *interpolate_cubic(greymap_t *gm, int s, int bilevel, double c) {
int w, h;
double4 *poly = NULL; /* poly[s][4]: fixed interpolation polynomials */
double p[4]; /* four current points */
double4 *window = NULL; /* window[s][4]: current state */
double t, v;
int k, l, i, j, x, y;
double c1 = 0;
greymap_t *gm_out = NULL;
potrace_bitmap_t *bm_out = NULL;
SAFE_CALLOC(poly, s, double4);
SAFE_CALLOC(window, s, double4);
w = gm->w;
h = gm->h;
/* allocate output bitmap/greymap */
if (bilevel) {
bm_out = bm_new(w*s, h*s);
if (!bm_out) {
goto calloc_error;
}
c1 = c * 255;
} else {
gm_out = gm_new(w*s, h*s);
if (!gm_out) {
goto calloc_error;
}
}
/* pre-calculate interpolation polynomials */
for (k=0; k<s; k++) {
t = k/(double)s;
poly[k][0] = 0.5 * t * (t-1) * (1-t);
poly[k][1] = -(t+1) * (t-1) * (1-t) + 0.5 * (t-1) * (t-2) * t;
poly[k][2] = 0.5 * (t+1) * t * (1-t) - t * (t-2) * t;
poly[k][3] = 0.5 * t * (t-1) * t;
}
/* interpolate */
for (y=0; y<h; y++) {
x=0;
for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
for (j=0; j<4; j++) {
p[j] = GM_BGET(gm, x+i-1, y+j-1);
}
for (k=0; k<s; k++) {
window[k][i] = 0.0;
for (j=0; j<4; j++) {
window[k][i] += poly[k][j] * p[j];
}
}
}
while (1) {
for (l=0; l<s; l++) {
for (k=0; k<s; k++) {
v = 0.0;
for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
v += window[k][i] * poly[l][i];
}
if (bilevel) {
BM_PUT(bm_out, x*s+l, y*s+k, v < c1);
} else {
GM_PUT(gm_out, x*s+l, y*s+k, v);
}
}
}
x++;
if (x>=w) {
break;
}
for (i=0; i<3; i++) {
for (k=0; k<s; k++) {
window[k][i] = window[k][i+1];
}
}
i=3;
for (j=0; j<4; j++) {
p[j] = GM_BGET(gm, x+i-1, y+j-1);
}
for (k=0; k<s; k++) {
window[k][i] = 0.0;
for (j=0; j<4; j++) {
window[k][i] += poly[k][j] * p[j];
}
}
}
}
free(poly);
free(window);
if (bilevel) {
return (void *)bm_out;
} else {
return (void *)gm_out;
}
calloc_error:
free(poly);
free(window);
return NULL;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* process a single file, containing one or more images. On error,
print error message to stderr and exit with code 2. On warning,
print warning message to stderr. */
static void process_file(FILE *fin, FILE *fout, const char *infile, const char *outfile) {
int r;
greymap_t *gm;
potrace_bitmap_t *bm;
void *sm;
int x, y;
int count;
for (count=0; ; count++) {
r = gm_read(fin, &gm);
switch (r) {
case -1: /* system error */
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: %s\n", infile, strerror(errno));
exit(2);
case -2: /* corrupt file format */
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: file format error: %s\n", infile, gm_read_error);
exit(2);
case -3: /* empty file */
if (count>0) { /* end of file */
return;
}
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: empty file\n", infile);
exit(2);
case -4: /* wrong magic */
if (count>0) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: warning: junk at end of file\n", infile);
return;
}
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: file format not recognized\n", infile);
fprintf(stderr, "Possible input file formats are: pnm (pbm, pgm, ppm), bmp.\n");
exit(2);
case 1: /* unexpected end of file */
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: warning: premature end of file\n", infile);
break;
}
if (info.invert) {
for (y=0; y<gm->h; y++) {
for (x=0; x<gm->w; x++) {
GM_UPUT(gm, x, y, 255-GM_UGET(gm, x, y));
}
}
}
if (info.highpass) {
r = highpass(gm, info.lambda);
if (r) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: %s\n", infile, strerror(errno));
exit(2);
}
}
if (info.lowpass) {
lowpass(gm, info.lambda1);
}
if (info.scale == 1 && info.bilevel) { /* no interpolation necessary */
sm = threshold(gm, info.level);
gm_free(gm);
} else if (info.scale == 1) {
sm = gm;
} else if (info.linear) { /* linear interpolation */
sm = interpolate_linear(gm, info.scale, info.bilevel, info.level);
gm_free(gm);
} else { /* cubic interpolation */
sm = interpolate_cubic(gm, info.scale, info.bilevel, info.level);
gm_free(gm);
}
if (!sm) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: %s\n", infile, strerror(errno));
exit(2);
}
if (info.bilevel) {
bm = (potrace_bitmap_t *)sm;
bm_writepbm(fout, bm);
bm_free(bm);
} else {
gm = (greymap_t *)sm;
gm_writepgm(fout, gm, NULL, 1, GM_MODE_POSITIVE, 1.0);
gm_free(gm);
}
}
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* some info functions and option processing */
static int license(FILE *f) {
fprintf(f,
"This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify\n"
"it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n"
"the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or\n"
"(at your option) any later version.\n"
"\n"
"This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n"
"but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n"
"MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the\n"
"GNU General Public License for more details.\n"
"\n"
"You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n"
"along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation\n"
"Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.\n"
);
return 0;
}
static int usage(FILE *f) {
fprintf(f, "Usage: " MKBITMAP " [options] [file...]\n");
fprintf(f, "Options:\n");
fprintf(f, " -h, --help - print this help message and exit\n");
fprintf(f, " -v, --version - print version info and exit\n");
fprintf(f, " -l, --license - print license info and exit\n");
fprintf(f, " -o, --output <file> - output to file\n");
fprintf(f, " -x, --nodefaults - turn off default options\n");
fprintf(f, "Inversion:\n");
fprintf(f, " -i, --invert - invert the input (undo 'blackboard' effect)\n");
fprintf(f, "Highpass filtering:\n");
fprintf(f, " -f, --filter <n> - apply highpass filter with radius n (default 4)\n");
fprintf(f, " -n, --nofilter - no highpass filtering\n");
fprintf(f, " -b, --blur <n> - apply lowpass filter with radius n (default: none)\n");
fprintf(f, "Scaling:\n");
fprintf(f, " -s, --scale <n> - scale by integer factor n (default 2)\n");
fprintf(f, " -1, --linear - use linear interpolation\n");
fprintf(f, " -3, --cubic - use cubic interpolation (default)\n");
fprintf(f, "Thresholding:\n");
fprintf(f, " -t, --threshold <n> - set threshold for bilevel conversion (default 0.45)\n");
fprintf(f, " -g, --grey - no bilevel conversion, output a greymap\n");
fprintf(f, "\n");
fprintf(f, "Possible input file formats are: pnm (pbm, pgm, ppm), bmp.\n");
fprintf(f, "The default options are: -f 4 -s 2 -3 -t 0.45\n");
return 0;
}
static struct option longopts[] = {
{"help", 0, 0, 'h'},
{"version", 0, 0, 'v'},
{"license", 0, 0, 'l'},
{"output", 1, 0, 'o'},
{"reset", 0, 0, 'x'},
{"invert", 0, 0, 'i'},
{"filter", 1, 0, 'f'},
{"nofilter", 0, 0, 'n'},
{"blur", 1, 0, 'b'},
{"scale", 1, 0, 's'},
{"linear", 0, 0, '1'},
{"cubic", 0, 0, '3'},
{"grey", 0, 0, 'g'},
{"threshold", 1, 0, 't'},
{0, 0, 0, 0}
};
static const char *shortopts = "hvlo:xif:nb:s:13gt:";
/* process options. On error, print error message to stderr and exit
with code 1 */
static void dopts(int ac, char *av[]) {
int c;
char *p;
/* set defaults for command line parameters */
info.outfile = NULL; /* output file */
info.infiles = NULL; /* input files */
info.infilecount = 0; /* how many input files? */
info.invert = 0; /* invert input? */
info.highpass = 1; /* use highpass filter? */
info.lambda = 4; /* highpass filter radius */
info.lowpass = 0; /* use lowpass filter? */
info.lambda1 = 0; /* lowpass filter radius */
info.scale = 2; /* scaling factor */
info.linear = 0; /* linear scaling? */
info.bilevel = 1; /* convert to bilevel? */
info.level = 0.45; /* cutoff grey level */
info.outext = ".pbm"; /* output file extension */
while ((c = getopt_long(ac, av, shortopts, longopts, NULL)) != -1) {
switch (c) {
case 'h':
fprintf(stdout, "" MKBITMAP " " VERSION ". Transforms images into bitmaps with scaling and filtering.\n\n");
usage(stdout);
exit(0);
break;
case 'v':
fprintf(stdout, "" MKBITMAP " " VERSION ". Copyright (C) 2001-2019 Peter Selinger.\n");
exit(0);
break;
case 'l':
fprintf(stdout, "" MKBITMAP " " VERSION ". Copyright (C) 2001-2019 Peter Selinger.\n\n");
license(stdout);
exit(0);
break;
case 'o':
free(info.outfile);
info.outfile = strdup(optarg);
if (!info.outfile) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(2);
}
break;
case 'x':
info.invert = 0;
info.highpass = 0;
info.scale = 1;
info.bilevel = 0;
info.outext = ".pgm";
break;
case 'i':
info.invert = 1;
break;
case 'f':
info.highpass = 1;
info.lambda = strtod(optarg, &p);
if (*p || info.lambda<0) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": invalid filter radius -- %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'n':
info.highpass = 0;
break;
case 'b':
info.lowpass = 1;
info.lambda1 = strtod(optarg, &p);
if (*p || info.lambda1<0) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": invalid filter radius -- %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 's':
info.scale = strtol(optarg, &p, 0);
if (*p || info.scale<=0) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": invalid scaling factor -- %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case '1':
info.linear = 1;
break;
case '3':
info.linear = 0;
break;
case 'g':
info.bilevel = 0;
info.outext = ".pgm";
break;
case 't':
info.bilevel = 1;
info.outext = ".pbm";
info.level = strtod(optarg, &p);
if (*p || info.level<0) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": invalid threshold -- %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case '?':
fprintf(stderr, "Try --help for more info\n");
exit(1);
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": Unimplemented option -- %c\n", c);
exit(1);
}
}
info.infiles = &av[optind];
info.infilecount = ac-optind;
return;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* auxiliary functions for file handling */
/* open a file for reading. Return stdin if filename is NULL or "-" */
static FILE *my_fopen_read(const char *filename) {
if (filename == NULL || strcmp(filename, "-") == 0) {
return stdin;
}
return fopen(filename, "rb");
}
/* open a file for writing. Return stdout if filename is NULL or "-" */
static FILE *my_fopen_write(const char *filename) {
if (filename == NULL || strcmp(filename, "-") == 0) {
return stdout;
}
return fopen(filename, "wb");
}
/* close a file, but do nothing is filename is NULL or "-" */
static void my_fclose(FILE *f, const char *filename) {
if (filename == NULL || strcmp(filename, "-") == 0) {
return;
}
fclose(f);
}
/* make output filename from input filename. Return an allocated value. */
static char *make_outfilename(const char *infile, const char *ext) {
char *outfile;
char *p;
if (strcmp(infile, "-") == 0) {
return strdup("-");
}
outfile = (char *) malloc(strlen(infile)+strlen(ext)+5);
if (!outfile) {
return NULL;
}
strcpy(outfile, infile);
p = strrchr(outfile, '.');
if (p) {
*p = 0;
}
strcat(outfile, ext);
/* check that input and output filenames are different */
if (strcmp(infile, outfile) == 0) {
strcpy(outfile, infile);
strcat(outfile, "-out");
}
return outfile;
}
/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Main function */
int main(int ac, char *av[]) {
FILE *fin, *fout;
int i;
char *outfile;
/* platform-specific initializations, e.g., set file i/o to binary */
platform_init();
/* process options */
dopts(ac, av);
/* there are several ways to call us:
mkbitmap -- stdin to stdout
mkbitmap -o outfile -- stdin to outfile
mkbitmap file... -- encode each file and generate outfile names
mkbitmap file... -o outfile -- concatenate files and write to outfile
*/
if (info.infilecount == 0 && info.outfile == NULL) { /* stdin to stdout */
process_file(stdin, stdout, "stdin", "stdout");
return 0;
} else if (info.infilecount == 0) { /* stdin to outfile */
fout = my_fopen_write(info.outfile);
if (!fout) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: %s\n", info.outfile, strerror(errno));
exit(2);
}
process_file(stdin, fout, "stdin", info.outfile);
my_fclose(fout, info.outfile);
free(info.outfile);
return 0;
} else if (info.outfile == NULL) { /* infiles -> multiple outfiles */
for (i=0; i<info.infilecount; i++) {
outfile = make_outfilename(info.infiles[i], info.outext);
if (!outfile) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(2);
}
fin = my_fopen_read(info.infiles[i]);
if (!fin) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: %s\n", info.infiles[i], strerror(errno));
exit(2);
}
fout = my_fopen_write(outfile);
if (!fout) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: %s\n", outfile, strerror(errno));
exit(2);
}
process_file(fin, fout, info.infiles[i], outfile);
my_fclose(fin, info.infiles[i]);
my_fclose(fout, outfile);
free(outfile);
}
return 0;
} else { /* infiles to single outfile */
fout = my_fopen_write(info.outfile);
if (!fout) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: %s\n", info.outfile, strerror(errno));
exit(2);
}
for (i=0; i<info.infilecount; i++) {
fin = my_fopen_read(info.infiles[i]);
if (!fin) {
fprintf(stderr, "" MKBITMAP ": %s: %s\n", info.infiles[i], strerror(errno));
exit(2);
}
process_file(fin, fout, info.infiles[i], info.outfile);
my_fclose(fin, info.infiles[i]);
}
my_fclose(fout, info.outfile);
free(info.outfile);
return 0;
}
/* not reached */
}
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