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+package B::Xref;
+
+our $VERSION = '1.02';
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+perl -MO=Xref[,OPTIONS] foo.pl
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+The B::Xref module is used to generate a cross reference listing of all
+definitions and uses of variables, subroutines and formats in a Perl program.
+It is implemented as a backend for the Perl compiler.
+
+The report generated is in the following format:
+
+ File filename1
+ Subroutine subname1
+ Package package1
+ object1 line numbers
+ object2 line numbers
+ ...
+ Package package2
+ ...
+
+Each B<File> section reports on a single file. Each B<Subroutine> section
+reports on a single subroutine apart from the special cases
+"(definitions)" and "(main)". These report, respectively, on subroutine
+definitions found by the initial symbol table walk and on the main part of
+the program or module external to all subroutines.
+
+The report is then grouped by the B<Package> of each variable,
+subroutine or format with the special case "(lexicals)" meaning
+lexical variables. Each B<object> name (implicitly qualified by its
+containing B<Package>) includes its type character(s) at the beginning
+where possible. Lexical variables are easier to track and even
+included dereferencing information where possible.
+
+The C<line numbers> are a comma separated list of line numbers (some
+preceded by code letters) where that object is used in some way.
+Simple uses aren't preceded by a code letter. Introductions (such as
+where a lexical is first defined with C<my>) are indicated with the
+letter "i". Subroutine and method calls are indicated by the character
+"&". Subroutine definitions are indicated by "s" and format
+definitions by "f".
+
+=head1 OPTIONS
+
+Option words are separated by commas (not whitespace) and follow the
+usual conventions of compiler backend options.
+
+=over 8
+
+=item C<-oFILENAME>
+
+Directs output to C<FILENAME> instead of standard output.
+
+=item C<-r>
+
+Raw output. Instead of producing a human-readable report, outputs a line
+in machine-readable form for each definition/use of a variable/sub/format.
+
+=item C<-d>
+
+Don't output the "(definitions)" sections.
+
+=item C<-D[tO]>
+
+(Internal) debug options, probably only useful if C<-r> included.
+The C<t> option prints the object on the top of the stack as it's
+being tracked. The C<O> option prints each operator as it's being
+processed in the execution order of the program.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+Non-lexical variables are quite difficult to track through a program.
+Sometimes the type of a non-lexical variable's use is impossible to
+determine. Introductions of non-lexical non-scalars don't seem to be
+reported properly.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Malcolm Beattie, mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk.
+
+=cut
+
+use strict;
+use Config;
+use B qw(peekop class comppadlist main_start svref_2object walksymtable
+ OPpLVAL_INTRO SVf_POK OPpOUR_INTRO cstring
+ );
+
+sub UNKNOWN { ["?", "?", "?"] }
+
+my @pad; # lexicals in current pad
+ # as ["(lexical)", type, name]
+my %done; # keyed by $$op: set when each $op is done
+my $top = UNKNOWN; # shadows top element of stack as
+ # [pack, type, name] (pack can be "(lexical)")
+my $file; # shadows current filename
+my $line; # shadows current line number
+my $subname; # shadows current sub name
+my %table; # Multi-level hash to record all uses etc.
+my @todo = (); # List of CVs that need processing
+
+my %code = (intro => "i", used => "",
+ subdef => "s", subused => "&",
+ formdef => "f", meth => "->");
+
+
+# Options
+my ($debug_op, $debug_top, $nodefs, $raw);
+
+sub process {
+ my ($var, $event) = @_;
+ my ($pack, $type, $name) = @$var;
+ if ($type eq "*") {
+ if ($event eq "used") {
+ return;
+ } elsif ($event eq "subused") {
+ $type = "&";
+ }
+ }
+ $type =~ s/(.)\*$/$1/g;
+ if ($raw) {
+ printf "%-16s %-12s %5d %-12s %4s %-16s %s\n",
+ $file, $subname, $line, $pack, $type, $name, $event;
+ } else {
+ # Wheee
+ push(@{$table{$file}->{$subname}->{$pack}->{$type.$name}->{$event}},
+ $line);
+ }
+}
+
+sub load_pad {
+ my $padlist = shift;
+ my ($namelistav, $vallistav, @namelist, $ix);
+ @pad = ();
+ return if class($padlist) eq "SPECIAL";
+ ($namelistav,$vallistav) = $padlist->ARRAY;
+ @namelist = $namelistav->ARRAY;
+ for ($ix = 1; $ix < @namelist; $ix++) {
+ my $namesv = $namelist[$ix];
+ next if class($namesv) eq "SPECIAL";
+ my ($type, $name) = $namesv->PV =~ /^(.)([^\0]*)(\0.*)?$/;
+ $pad[$ix] = ["(lexical)", $type || '?', $name || '?'];
+ }
+ if ($Config{useithreads}) {
+ my (@vallist);
+ @vallist = $vallistav->ARRAY;
+ for ($ix = 1; $ix < @vallist; $ix++) {
+ my $valsv = $vallist[$ix];
+ next unless class($valsv) eq "GV";
+ next if class($valsv->STASH) eq 'SPECIAL';
+ # these pad GVs don't have corresponding names, so same @pad
+ # array can be used without collisions
+ $pad[$ix] = [$valsv->STASH->NAME, "*", $valsv->NAME];
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+sub xref {
+ my $start = shift;
+ my $op;
+ for ($op = $start; $$op; $op = $op->next) {
+ last if $done{$$op}++;
+ warn sprintf("top = [%s, %s, %s]\n", @$top) if $debug_top;
+ warn peekop($op), "\n" if $debug_op;
+ my $opname = $op->name;
+ if ($opname =~ /^(or|and|mapwhile|grepwhile|range|cond_expr)$/) {
+ xref($op->other);
+ } elsif ($opname eq "match" || $opname eq "subst") {
+ xref($op->pmreplstart);
+ } elsif ($opname eq "substcont") {
+ xref($op->other->pmreplstart);
+ $op = $op->other;
+ redo;
+ } elsif ($opname eq "enterloop") {
+ xref($op->redoop);
+ xref($op->nextop);
+ xref($op->lastop);
+ } elsif ($opname eq "subst") {
+ xref($op->pmreplstart);
+ } else {
+ no strict 'refs';
+ my $ppname = "pp_$opname";
+ &$ppname($op) if defined(&$ppname);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+sub xref_cv {
+ my $cv = shift;
+ my $pack = $cv->GV->STASH->NAME;
+ $subname = ($pack eq "main" ? "" : "$pack\::") . $cv->GV->NAME;
+ load_pad($cv->PADLIST);
+ xref($cv->START);
+ $subname = "(main)";
+}
+
+sub xref_object {
+ my $cvref = shift;
+ xref_cv(svref_2object($cvref));
+}
+
+sub xref_main {
+ $subname = "(main)";
+ load_pad(comppadlist);
+ xref(main_start);
+ while (@todo) {
+ xref_cv(shift @todo);
+ }
+}
+
+sub pp_nextstate {
+ my $op = shift;
+ $file = $op->file;
+ $line = $op->line;
+ $top = UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+sub pp_padsv {
+ my $op = shift;
+ $top = $pad[$op->targ];
+ process($top, $op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO ? "intro" : "used");
+}
+
+sub pp_padav { pp_padsv(@_) }
+sub pp_padhv { pp_padsv(@_) }
+
+sub deref {
+ my ($op, $var, $as) = @_;
+ $var->[1] = $as . $var->[1];
+ process($var, $op->private & OPpOUR_INTRO ? "intro" : "used");
+}
+
+sub pp_rv2cv { deref(shift, $top, "&"); }
+sub pp_rv2hv { deref(shift, $top, "%"); }
+sub pp_rv2sv { deref(shift, $top, "\$"); }
+sub pp_rv2av { deref(shift, $top, "\@"); }
+sub pp_rv2gv { deref(shift, $top, "*"); }
+
+sub pp_gvsv {
+ my $op = shift;
+ my $gv;
+ if ($Config{useithreads}) {
+ $top = $pad[$op->padix];
+ $top = UNKNOWN unless $top;
+ $top->[1] = '$';
+ }
+ else {
+ $gv = $op->gv;
+ $top = [$gv->STASH->NAME, '$', $gv->SAFENAME];
+ }
+ process($top, $op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO ||
+ $op->private & OPpOUR_INTRO ? "intro" : "used");
+}
+
+sub pp_gv {
+ my $op = shift;
+ my $gv;
+ if ($Config{useithreads}) {
+ $top = $pad[$op->padix];
+ $top = UNKNOWN unless $top;
+ $top->[1] = '*';
+ }
+ else {
+ $gv = $op->gv;
+ $top = [$gv->STASH->NAME, "*", $gv->SAFENAME];
+ }
+ process($top, $op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO ? "intro" : "used");
+}
+
+sub pp_const {
+ my $op = shift;
+ my $sv = $op->sv;
+ # constant could be in the pad (under useithreads)
+ if ($$sv) {
+ $top = ["?", "",
+ (class($sv) ne "SPECIAL" && $sv->FLAGS & SVf_POK)
+ ? cstring($sv->PV) : "?"];
+ }
+ else {
+ $top = $pad[$op->targ];
+ $top = UNKNOWN unless $top;
+ }
+}
+
+sub pp_method {
+ my $op = shift;
+ $top = ["(method)", "->".$top->[1], $top->[2]];
+}
+
+sub pp_entersub {
+ my $op = shift;
+ if ($top->[1] eq "m") {
+ process($top, "meth");
+ } else {
+ process($top, "subused");
+ }
+ $top = UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+#
+# Stuff for cross referencing definitions of variables and subs
+#
+
+sub B::GV::xref {
+ my $gv = shift;
+ my $cv = $gv->CV;
+ if ($$cv) {
+ #return if $done{$$cv}++;
+ $file = $gv->FILE;
+ $line = $gv->LINE;
+ process([$gv->STASH->NAME, "&", $gv->NAME], "subdef");
+ push(@todo, $cv);
+ }
+ my $form = $gv->FORM;
+ if ($$form) {
+ return if $done{$$form}++;
+ $file = $gv->FILE;
+ $line = $gv->LINE;
+ process([$gv->STASH->NAME, "", $gv->NAME], "formdef");
+ }
+}
+
+sub xref_definitions {
+ my ($pack, %exclude);
+ return if $nodefs;
+ $subname = "(definitions)";
+ foreach $pack (qw(B O AutoLoader DynaLoader XSLoader Config DB VMS
+ strict vars FileHandle Exporter Carp PerlIO::Layer
+ attributes utf8 warnings)) {
+ $exclude{$pack."::"} = 1;
+ }
+ no strict qw(vars refs);
+ walksymtable(\%{"main::"}, "xref", sub { !defined($exclude{$_[0]}) });
+}
+
+sub output {
+ return if $raw;
+ my ($file, $subname, $pack, $name, $ev, $perfile, $persubname,
+ $perpack, $pername, $perev);
+ foreach $file (sort(keys(%table))) {
+ $perfile = $table{$file};
+ print "File $file\n";
+ foreach $subname (sort(keys(%$perfile))) {
+ $persubname = $perfile->{$subname};
+ print " Subroutine $subname\n";
+ foreach $pack (sort(keys(%$persubname))) {
+ $perpack = $persubname->{$pack};
+ print " Package $pack\n";
+ foreach $name (sort(keys(%$perpack))) {
+ $pername = $perpack->{$name};
+ my @lines;
+ foreach $ev (qw(intro formdef subdef meth subused used)) {
+ $perev = $pername->{$ev};
+ if (defined($perev) && @$perev) {
+ my $code = $code{$ev};
+ push(@lines, map("$code$_", @$perev));
+ }
+ }
+ printf " %-16s %s\n", $name, join(", ", @lines);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+sub compile {
+ my @options = @_;
+ my ($option, $opt, $arg);
+ OPTION:
+ while ($option = shift @options) {
+ if ($option =~ /^-(.)(.*)/) {
+ $opt = $1;
+ $arg = $2;
+ } else {
+ unshift @options, $option;
+ last OPTION;
+ }
+ if ($opt eq "-" && $arg eq "-") {
+ shift @options;
+ last OPTION;
+ } elsif ($opt eq "o") {
+ $arg ||= shift @options;
+ open(STDOUT, ">$arg") or return "$arg: $!\n";
+ } elsif ($opt eq "d") {
+ $nodefs = 1;
+ } elsif ($opt eq "r") {
+ $raw = 1;
+ } elsif ($opt eq "D") {
+ $arg ||= shift @options;
+ foreach $arg (split(//, $arg)) {
+ if ($arg eq "o") {
+ B->debug(1);
+ } elsif ($arg eq "O") {
+ $debug_op = 1;
+ } elsif ($arg eq "t") {
+ $debug_top = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (@options) {
+ return sub {
+ my $objname;
+ xref_definitions();
+ foreach $objname (@options) {
+ $objname = "main::$objname" unless $objname =~ /::/;
+ eval "xref_object(\\&$objname)";
+ die "xref_object(\\&$objname) failed: $@" if $@;
+ }
+ output();
+ }
+ } else {
+ return sub {
+ xref_definitions();
+ xref_main();
+ output();
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+1;