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-% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% Copyright 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
-% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere
-% in this file.
-%
-% This file is part of the LaTeX base system.
-% -------------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2005/12/01 or later.
-%
-% This file has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX base distribution is
-% given in the file `manifest.txt'. See also `legal.txt' for additional
-% information.
-%
-% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-%
-% \fi
-\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
-
-% Commands and environments:
-
-\newcommand{\eg}{e.g.~}
-\newcommand{\ie}{i.e.~}
-
-
-\newenvironment{citations}{%
- \list{}{%
- \renewcommand{\makelabel}[1]{\normalfont\itshape ##1}%
- }%
-}{%
- \endlist
-}
-
-% Some logos:
-
-\newcommand{\NFSS}{NFSS}
-
-\newcommand{\LaTeXNews}{\LaTeX~News}
-
-\newcommand{\AW}{Addison Wesley}
-
-\newcommand{\SGML}{{\sc SGML}}
-\newcommand{\DSSSL}{{\sc DSSSL}}
-\newcommand{\HTML}{{\sc HTML}}
-\newcommand{\XML}{{\sc XML}}
-\newcommand{\PDF}{{\sc PDF}}
-
-\newcommand{\PS}{{\sc Post\-Script}}
-
-\newcommand{\AmSTeX}{$\mathcal A$\lower.4ex\hbox{$\!\mathcal
- M\!$}$\mathcal S$-\TeX}
-\newcommand{\AmSLaTeX}{$\mathcal A$\lower.4ex\hbox{$\!\mathcal
- M\!$}$\mathcal S$-\LaTeX}
-\newcommand{\MF}{{\sc Meta\-font}}
-
-% sections
-
-\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-2}
-
-% Front matter:
-
-\title{\Large The \LaTeX3 Project}
-
-\author{\copyright 1995--1999 \
-Frank Mittelbach and
-Chris Rowley}
-
-\date{12 January 1999}
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\thispagestyle{empty}
-
-\maketitle
-
-\begin{abstract}
- This article describes the motivation, achievements and future of
- the \LaTeX3 Project, which was established to produce a new version
- of \LaTeX{}, the widely-used and highly-acclaimed document
- preparation system. It also describes how you can help us to
- achieve our aims.\\[2pt]
- \textbf{For Archive maintainers, Authors, Publishers and
- Distributors:}\\
- The project team request that, whenever possible, you include this
- article in any of the following:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Books about \TeX{} and \LaTeX{}.
- \item Instructions for authors on using \LaTeX{}.
- \item The printed documentation of CD-ROM collections that contain
- \LaTeX.
- \item On-line collections that include a significant proportion of
- documents encoded in \LaTeX.
-\end{itemize}
-\end{abstract}
-
-\section{Outline}
-
-The purposes of the \LaTeX3 system can be summarized thus: it will
-greatly increase the range of documents which can be processed; and it
-will provide a flexible interface for typographic designers to easily
-specify the formatting of a class of documents.
-
-The \LaTeX3 Project Team is a small group of volunteers whose aim is
-to produce this major new document processing system based on the
-principles pioneered by Leslie Lamport in the current \LaTeX.
-
-The major visible work of the team before 1997 was the development of
-the current \emph{standard} version of \LaTeX{}. This was first
-released in 1994 and has since then been actively maintained and
-enhanced by extensions to that core system. They will continue to
-develop and maintain this system, releasing updated versions every six
-months and recording these activities in the \LaTeX{} bugs database
-(see below).
-
-Although \LaTeX{} may be distributed freely, the production and
-maintenance of the system does require expenditure of reasonably large
-sums of money. The \LaTeX3 Project Fund has therefore been set up to
-channel money into this work. We know that some users are
-aware of this fund as they have already contributed to it---many
-thanks to all of them! If you want to know more about how you can
-help the project, see Page \pageref{fund}---and thanks in advance for
-your generosity in the future.
-
-
-\section{Background}
-
-With \TeX{}, Knuth designed a formatting system that is able to
-produce a large range of documents typeset to extremely high quality
-standards. For various reasons (\eg quality, portability, stability
-and availability) \TeX{} spread very rapidly and can nowadays be best
-described as a world-wide de facto standard for high quality
-typesetting. Its use is particularly common in specialized areas, such
-as technical documents of various kinds, and for multi-lingual
-requirements.
-
-The \TeX{} system is fully programmable. This allows the development
-of high-level user interfaces whose input is processed by \TeX{}'s
-interpreter to produce low-level typesetting instructions; these are
-input to \TeX{}'s typesetting engine which outputs the format of each
-page in a device-independent page-description language. The \LaTeX{}
-system is such an interface; it was designed to support the needs of
-long documents such as textbooks and manuals. It separates content and
-form as much as possible by providing the user with a generic (\ie
-logical rather than visual) mark-up interface; this is combined with
-style sheets which specify the formatting.
-
-Recent years have shown that the concepts and approach of \LaTeX{} are
-now widely accepted. Indeed, \LaTeX{} has become the standard method
-of communicating and publishing documents in many academic
-disciplines. This has led to many publishers accepting \LaTeX{}
-source for articles and books; and the American Mathematical Society
-now provides a \LaTeX{} package making the features of \AmSTeX{}
-available to all users of \LaTeX{}. Its use has also spread into many
-other commercial and industrial environments, where the technical
-qualities of \TeX{} together with the concepts of \LaTeX{} are
-considered a powerful combination of great importance to such areas as
-corporate documentation and publishing. This has also extended to
-on-line publishing using, for example, \PDF{} output incorporating
-hypertext and other active areas.
-
-With the spreading use of \SGML{}-compliant systems (\eg Web-based
-publishing using \HTML{} or \XML{}) \TeX{} again is a common choice as
-the formatting engine for high quality typeset output: a widely used
-such system is {\em The Publisher\/} from ArborText, whilst a more
-recent development is the object-oriented document editor Grif. The
-latter is used for document processing in a wide range of industrial
-applications; it has also been adopted by the Euromath consortium as
-the basis of their mathematician's workbench, one of the most advanced
-of the emerging project-oriented user environments. Typeset output
-from \SGML{}-coded documents in these systems is obtained by
-translation into \LaTeX{}, which will therefore soon also be a natural
-choice for the output of \DSSSL-compliant systems.
-
-Because a typical \SGML{} Document Type Definition (DTD) uses concepts
-similar to those of \LaTeX{}, the formatting is often implemented by
-simply mapping document elements to \LaTeX{} constructs rather than
-directly to `raw \TeX'.
-This enables the
-sophisticated analytical techniques built into the \LaTeX{}
-software to be exploited; and it avoids the need to program in \TeX{}.
-
-\section{Motivation}
-
-This increase in the range of applications of \LaTeX{} has highlighted
-certain limitations of the current system, both for authors of
-documents and for designers of formatting styles.
-
-In addition to the need to extend the variety of classes of document
-which can be processed by \LaTeX{}, substantial enhancements are
-necessary in, at least, the following areas:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item
- the command syntax (attributes, short references, etc);
- \item
- the layout specification interface (style design);
- \item
- the level of robustness (error recovery, omitted tags);
- \item
- the extendibility (package interface);
- \item
- the layout specification of tabular material;
- \item
- the specification and inclusion of graphical material;
- \item
- the positioning of floating material, and other aspects of page
- layout;
- \item
- the requirements of hypertext systems.
- \end{itemize}
-
- Further analysis of these deficiencies has shown that some of the
- problems are to be found in \LaTeX{}'s internal concepts and design.
- This project to produce a new version therefore involves thorough
- research into the challenges posed by new applications and by the use
- of \LaTeX{} as a formatter for a wide range of documents, \eg \SGML{}
- documents; on-line \PDF{} documents with hypertext links.
-
- This will result in a major re-implementation of large parts of the
- system. Some of the results of such rethinking of the fundamentals
- are already available in Standard \LaTeX{}, notably in the following
- areas:
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Font declaration and selection;
-\item Font and glyph handling within mathematical formulas;
-\item Handling multiple font glyph encodings within a document;
-\item Allowing multiple input character encodings within a document;
-\item A uniform interface for graphics inclusion;
-\item Support for coloured text;
-\item Building and interfacing new classes and extension packages.
-\end{itemize}
-
-
-\section{Description}
-
-The strengths of the present version of \LaTeX{} are
-as follows:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item excellent standard of typesetting for text, technical
-formulas\\
-and tabular material;
- \item separation of generic mark-up from visual formatting;
- \item ease of use for authors;
- \item portability of documents over a wide range of platforms;
- \item adaptability to many languages;
- \item widespread and free availability;
- \item reliable support and maintenance by the \LaTeX3 project team.
- \end{itemize}
- These will be preserved and in many cases greatly enhanced by the new
- version which is being developed to fulfill the following requirements.
- \begin{itemize}
- \item
- It will provide a syntax that allows highly automated translation
- from popular \SGML{} DTDs into \LaTeX{} document classes (these
- will be provided as standard with the new version).
-
- The syntax of the new \LaTeX{} user-interface will, for example,
- support the \SGML{} concepts of `entity', `attribute' and `short
- reference' in such a way that these can be directly linked to the
- corresponding \SGML{} features.
-
- \item
- It will support hypertext links and other features required for
- on-line structured documents using, for example, \HTML{} and \XML{}.
-
-\item
- It will provide a straightforward style-designer interface to support
- both the specification of a wide variety of typographic requirements
- and the linking of entities in the generic mark-up of a document to
- the desired formatting. These two parts of the design process will
- be clearly separated so that it is possible to specify different
- layouts for the same DTD.
-
- The language and syntax of this interface will be as natural as
- possible for a typographic designer. As a result, this language
- could easily be interfaced to a visually-oriented, menu-driven
- specification system.
-
- This interface will also support \DSSSL{} specifications and
- style-sheet concepts such as those used with \HTML{} and \XML{}.
-
- \item
- It will provide an enhanced user-interface that allows expression of
- the typesetting requirements from a large range of subject areas. Some
- examples are listed here.
-
- \begin{itemize}
- \item The requirements of technical documentation (\eg offset layout,\\
- change bars, etc).
- \item The requirements of academic publishing in the humanities\\
- (critical text editions, etc).
- \item The requirements of structural formulas in chemistry.
- \item Advanced use of the mathematical-typesetting features of \TeX{}.
- \item The integration of graphical features, such as shading,
- within text.
- \item the integration of hypertext and other links in on-line
- documents using systems such as \HTML{}, \XML{} and \PDF{}.
-
- \end{itemize}
-
- Special care will be taken to ensure that this interface is
- extensible: this will be achieved by use of modular designs.
-
-
- \item
- It will provide a more robust author-interface. For example,
- artificial restrictions on the nesting of commands will be removed.
- Error handling will be improved by adding
- a more effective, interactive help system.
-
- \item
- It will provide access to arbitrary fonts from any family (such as
- the \PS{} and TrueType fonts) including a wide range of fonts for
- multi-lingual documents and the specialist glyphs required by
- documents in various technical and academic areas.
-
- \item
- The new interfaces will be documented in detail and the
- system will provide extensive catalogues of examples, carefully
- designed to make the learning time for new users (both designers and
- authors) as short as possible.
-
- \item
- The code itself will be thoroughly documented and it will be
- designed on modular principles. Thus the system will be easy to
- maintain and to enhance.
-\end{itemize}
-
-The resulting new \LaTeX{} will, like the present version, be usable
-with any standard \TeX{} system (or whatever replaces it) and so will
-be freely available on a wide range of platforms.
-
-
-\section{\LaTeX{} documentation}
-
-\begingroup
-\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
-
-A complete description of Standard \LaTeX{} can be found in:
-\begin{citations}
-\item[\LaTeX: A Document Preparation System]
- Leslie Lamport,\\ \AW, 2nd ed, 1994.
-\item[The \LaTeX{} Companion]
- Mittelbach, Goossens with Braams, Carlisle and Rowley,\\ \AW, 2nd ed, 2004.
-\end{citations}
-
-A recent addition to the publications closely associated with the
-project is:
-\begin{citations}
-\item[The \LaTeX{} Graphics Companion]
- Goossens, Mittelbach and Rahtz,\\ \AW, 1997.
-\end{citations}
-
-This \LaTeX{} distribution comes with documentation on several aspects
-of of the system. The newer features of the system are described in
-the following documents:
-\begin{citations}
-\item[\LaTeXe{} for authors]
- describes the new features of \LaTeX{} documents,
- in the file \texttt{usrguide.tex};
-\item[\LaTeXe{} for class and package writers]
- describes how to produce \LaTeX{} classes and packages,
- in the file \texttt{clsguide.tex};
-\item[\LaTeXe{} font selection]
- describes the new features of \LaTeX{} fonts for
- class and package writers,
- in the file \texttt{fntguide.tex}.
-\end{citations}
-
-For further contacts and sources of information on \TeX{} and
-\LaTeX{}, see the addresses on Page~\pageref{contacts}.
-
-\endgroup
-\pagebreak
-
-
-\section{The \LaTeX3 Project Fund}
-\label{fund}
-
-Although \LaTeX{} may be distributed freely, the production and
-maintenance of the system does require expenditure of reasonably large
-sums of money. There are many necessities that need substantial
-financing: examples are new or enhanced computing equipment and travel
-to team meetings (the volunteers come from many different countries,
-so getting together occasionally is a non-trivial exercise).
-
-This is why we are appealing to you for contributions to the fund.
-Any sum will be much appreciated; the amount need not be large as
-small contributions add up to very useful amounts. Contributions of
-suitable equipment and software will also be of great value. This
-appeal is both to you as an individual author and to you as a member
-of a group or as an employee: please encourage your department or your
-employer to contribute towards sustaining our work.
-
-We should like to see funded projects that make considerable use of
-\LaTeX{} (\eg conferences and research teams who use it to publish
-their work, and electronic research archives using it) include
-contributions to this fund in their budgets. %% e-print systems
-
-We are also asking commercial organisations to assess the benefits
-they gain from using, or distributing, a well-supported \LaTeX{} and
-to make appropriate contributions to the fund in order that we can
-continue to maintain and improve the product. If you work for, or do
-business with, such an organisation, please bring to the attention of
-the relevant people the existence and needs of the project.
-
-In particular, we ask that all the large number of organisations and
-businesses that distribute \LaTeX{}, within other software or as part
-of a CD-ROM collection, should consider pricing all products containing
-\LaTeX{} at a level that enables them to make regular donations to the
-fund from the profit on these items. We also ask all authors and
-publishers of books about \LaTeX{} to consider donating part of the
-royalties to the fund.
-
-Contributions should be sent to one of the following addresses:
-\begin{quote}\small\label{addrs}
- \TeX{} Users Group, P.O. Box 2311, Portland, OR~97208-2311 USA\\
- Fax:~+1~503~223~3960 \ Email: \texttt{tug@tug.org}
-
- \noindent
- UK TUG, 1 Eymore Close, Selly Oak, Birmingham B29~4LB UK\\
- Fax: +44 121 476 2159 \ Email: \texttt{uktug-enquiries@tex.ac.uk}
-\end{quote}
-
-Cheques should be payable to the user group (TUG or UKTUG) and be
-clearly marked as contributions to the \LaTeX3 fund.
-Many thanks to all of you who have contributed in the past and thanks
-in advance for your generosity in the future.
-
-\section{Contacts and information}
-\label{contacts}
-
-In addition to the sources mentioned above, \LaTeX{} has its home page
-on the World Wide Web at:
-\begin{verbatim}
- http://www.latex-project.org/
-\end{verbatim}
-This page describes \LaTeX{} and the \LaTeX3 project, and contains
-pointers to other \LaTeX{} resources, such as the user guides, the
-\TeX{} Frequently Asked Questions, and the \LaTeX{} bugs database.
-
-More general information, including contacts for local User Groups,
-can be accessed via:
-\begin{verbatim}
- http://www.tug.org/
-\end{verbatim}
-
-The electronic home of anything \TeX-related is the Comprehensive
-\TeX{} Archive Network (CTAN). This is a network of cooperating ftp
-sites, with over a gigabyte of \TeX{} material:
-\begin{verbatim}
- ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/
- ftp://dante.ctan.org/tex-archive/
- ftp://tug.ctan.org/tex-archive/
-\end{verbatim}
-
-For more information, see the \LaTeX{} home page.
-
-
-\end{document}
-
-
-