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-% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% Copyright 1993-2014
-% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere
-% in this file.
-%
-% This file is part of the LaTeX base system.
-% -------------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2005/12/01 or later.
-%
-% This file has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX base distribution is
-% given in the file `manifest.txt'. See also `legal.txt' for additional
-% information.
-%
-% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-%
-% \fi
-% $Id: encguide.tex 5713 2006-01-18 23:29:23Z robin $
-%
-
-
-\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
-
-\documentclass{ltxguide}[1994/11/20]
-
-\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
-\IfFileExists{lmodern.sty}{\usepackage{lmodern}}{}
-\usepackage{textcomp}
-\usepackage{url}
-\usepackage{mflogo}
-
-\addtolength\textheight{6\baselineskip}
-\addtolength\topmargin{-2\baselineskip}
-
-
-\newcommand\ttverb[1]{\texttt{\string#1}}
-
-
-% for encodings
-\providecommand{\Enc}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
-
-% for packages
-\providecommand{\Pkg}[1]{%
- \textsf{#1}}
-
-% for files
-\providecommand{\File}[1]{%
- \texttt{#1}}
-
-% let's have meta values too
-\providecommand{\meta}[1]{%
- \ensuremath{\langle}\emph{#1}\ensuremath{\rangle}}
-
-\usepackage{tabularx}
-
-% eine Umgebung zur Darstellung von Kodierungen
-%
-% Argumente:
-% #1: Name in LaTeX (z.B. OT1)
-% #2: Name der Kodierung (z.B. TeX text)
-% #3: Name des Autors (z.B. Don Knuth)
-% #4: Bereich der benützten Glyphindizes
-% #5: variable Positionen
-% #6: Beispielzeichensatz
-% #7: Referenz
-%
-% XXX add code to handle more than a single font example (e.g., larm1000,
-% lbrm1000, and lcrm1000).
-%
-\newenvironment{encodinginfo}[7]%
- {\noindent
- \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}l>{\raggedright\let\\\tabularnewline}X}%
- \LaTeX{} name: & \texttt{#1}\\%
- Public name: & #2\\%
- Author: & #3\\%
- Glyph slots used: & #4\\%
- Variable slots: & #5\\%
- Font example: & \def\@tempa{#6}\ifx\@tempa\@empty---%
- \else\texttt{#6}\referenceftable{#6}\fi\\%
- Further reference: & #7%
- \end{tabularx}%
- \par\nobreak
- \vspace*{3pt}%
- \quote
- }%
- {\endquote
- \vspace{6pt}}
-
-\makeatletter
-\def\referenceftable#1{
- \@ifundefined{r@fonttable:#1}%
- \relax
- {;\space encoding table on page~\pageref{fonttable:#1}}%
-}
-
-% font table macros mainly lifted from manmac.tex
-\def\oct#1{\hbox{\rm\'{}\kern-.2em\it#1\/\kern.05em}}
-\def\hex#1{\hbox{\rm\H{}\tt#1}}
-
-\def\oddline#1{\cr\noalign{\nointerlineskip}
- \multispan{19}\hrulefill&
- \setbox0=\hbox{\lower 2.3pt\hbox{\hex{#1x}}}\smash{\box0}\cr
- \noalign{\nointerlineskip}}
-\def\evenline{\cr\noalign{\hrule}}
-\def\chartstrut{\lower4.5pt\vbox to14pt{}}
-\def\beginchart#1#2{$$\global\count@=0 #1
- \halign to\hsize\bgroup
- \chartstrut##\tabskip0pt plus10pt&
- &\hfil##\hfil&\vrule##\cr
- \lower6.5pt\null
- &#2&&\oct0&&\oct1&&\oct2&&\oct3&&\oct4&&\oct5&&\oct6&&\oct7&\evenline}
-\def\endchart{\raise11.5pt\null&&&\hex 8&&\hex 9&&\hex A&&\hex B&
- &\hex C&&\hex D&&\hex E&&\hex F&\cr\egroup$$}
-\def\:{\setbox0=\hbox{\noboundary\char\count@\noboundary}%
- \ifdim\ht0>7.5pt\reposition
- \else\ifdim\dp0>2.5pt\reposition\fi\fi
- \box0\global\advance\count@ by1 }
-\def\reposition{\setbox0=\hbox{$\vcenter{\kern2pt\box0\kern2pt}$}}
-\def\normalchart{%
- &\oct{00x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline0
- &\oct{01x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{02x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline1
- &\oct{03x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{04x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline2
- &\oct{05x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{06x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline3
- &\oct{07x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{10x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline4
- &\oct{11x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{12x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline5
- &\oct{13x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{14x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline6
- &\oct{15x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{16x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline7
- &\oct{17x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- \top}
-
-\def\notophalf{}
-\def\tophalf{%
-%\noalign{\vskip 5pt\hrule}
- &\oct{20x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline8
- &\oct{21x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{22x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline9
- &\oct{23x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{24x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline A
- &\oct{25x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{26x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline B
- &\oct{27x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{30x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline C
- &\oct{31x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{32x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline D
- &\oct{33x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{34x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline E
- &\oct{35x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline
- &\oct{36x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\oddline F
- &\oct{37x}&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&&\:&\evenline}
-
-\def\ftable#1#2{%
- \batchmode
- \font\X=#1%
- \errorstopmode
- \ifx\X\nullfont
- \@warning{Font #1 not found, table omitted}
- \else
- \count@="80
- \setbox0=\hbox{\X
- \loop\char\count@\advance\count@ by1 \ifnum\count@<"100
- \repeat}%
- \ifdim\wd0>0pt \let\top\tophalf\else\let\top\notophalf\fi
- \beginchart\X{\hfill\llap{\textbf{#1, \large#2}\label{fonttable:#1}}}\normalchart
- \endchart\par\vfill
- \fi}
-\makeatother
-
-
-\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
-
-\title{\LaTeX{} font encodings}
-
-\author{Frank Mittelbach \and Robin
- Fairbairns \and Werner Lemberg \and \LaTeX3 Project Team.}
-
-\date{\copyright~Copyright 1995--2014 \\[5pt] 29 October 2014}
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\maketitle
-
-\tableofcontents
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-This document explains the ideas that underpin \LaTeX{} font
-encodings and the constraints that apply when defining a new encoding; it
-also lists the encodings that have already been defined.
-
-\subsection{Encodings in \TeX{}}
-
-\TeX{} (the program) implicitly recognises three sorts of encoding,
-and all are (in a sense) discussed in the \TeX{}book~\cite{A-W:DKn86}:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item[1.] The input encoding, which specifies the meanings of characters
- in files presented to \TeX{} for processing. The \TeX{}book
- suggests that `your version of \TeX{} will recognise the characters
- you type on your keyboard' (\TeX{} the program has provision for
- static translations of input characters).
-\end{itemize}
-Such direct use of \TeX{}'s facilities is not the way modern
-\LaTeX{} (or indeed any other \TeX{} macro package) is likely to deal
-with input encodings. This document does not address the topic of
-input encodings; the interested reader should examine the \LaTeX{}
-base package \Pkg{inputenc} \cite[sec.~7.5.2, p.~357]{A-W:MG2004}.
-\begin{itemize}
-\item[2.] The token stream that \TeX{} processes internally. This stream
- of \TeX{}'s consciousness is discussed in great detail in the
- \TeX{}book.
-\end{itemize}
-Again, this document does not address the topic. \LaTeX's internal
-character representation (\textsc{licr}) is well discussed in
-\cite[sec.~7.11.2, p.~442]{A-W:MG2004}.
-\begin{itemize}
-\item[3.] The font encoding---i.e., the mapping of character codes to
- glyphs in the fonts that are used to typeset \TeX{}'s output.
- Again, a set of font encodings is enumerated in the \TeX{}book, but
- that set has proved inadequate to the needs of modern multilingual
- use of \LaTeX.
-\end{itemize}
-This document explains \emph{why} Knuth's original set of encodings is
-inadequate to modern conditions, and discusses the issues that
-surround the design and definition of new font encodings.
-
-Font encodings are important for more than their r\^{o}le in mapping the
-glyphs of the fonts to be used for typesetting: their glyph tables are
-also the context in which \TeX{}'s hyphenation algorithm operates.
-There are constraints imposed by \TeX{} that affect the way in which
-new font encodings, for use in a multi-lingual environment, may be
-structured (see section~\ref{sec:restrictions} for details).
-
-\subsection{The history of \TeX{} font encodings}
-
-Little attention was paid to font encodings prior to the arrival of
-\TeX{}\,3. Up to that time, one used Donald Knuth's fonts (the
-Computer Modern family, using the encodings we now refer to as \Enc{OT1} and
-the \Enc{OM} series), or one was on one's own.
-
-The Computer Modern text encoding raises problems in unmodified
-\TeX{}, because hyphenation cannot break words containing
-\verb"\accent" commands. Even in those Western European languages for
-which the \Enc{OT1} encoding has symbols for the necessary
-\verb"\accent"-based diacritics, this shortcoming ruins typesetting of
-running text.
-
-With the advent of \TeX{}\,3, with its ability to switch between
-hyphenation pattern sets, it was clear that the situation could not
-continue. Thus a group at the TUG Annual General Meeting in Cork,
-Ireland, specified a uniform encoding for 256-glyph fonts, that
-contains accented letters and non-\textsc{ascii} letters necessary to
-express most Western European languages (and some Eastern European ones)
-without recourse to the \verb"\accent" command.
-
-This ``Cork'' encoding has since been realised in a series of fonts
-designed with Metafont, in at least one font series that is available
-both in Adobe Type 1 format and in OpenType format, % viz., Latin Modern
-and in a number of virtual-font mappings of other font series.
-
-Since the time of the Cork meeting, much effort has been devoted to
-the design of encodings for text fonts to use with \TeX{}, and the
-Cork encoding influenced the design of many such encodings.
-
-Encodings for mathematical fonts have, in contrast, changed little
-since Knuth's contributions. A TUG Technical Working Group was
-established at the Cork meeting, whose aim was to define a set of
-256-glyph encodings to regularise and extend Knuth's originals, using
-ideas from several other fonts that had appeared since, and from the
-known needs of researchers in mathematics and the mathematical sciences.
-
-Independently, a first proposal (the so-called \emph{Aston proposal}) was worked
-out by Justin Ziegler together with Frank Mittelbach and other members of the
-\LaTeX3 project team~\cite{ziegler}. A first implementation of
-this propsal was realized by Matthias Clasen und Ulrik
-Vieth~\cite{clasen,clasen-vieth}.
-
-However, the slow progress of these Mathematical encodings has been
-overtaken by the addition (in the last decade or so) of a large number
-of mathematical symbols to Unicode~\cite{beeton}; one can expect
-further changes so that new public mathematical font encodings will
-most likely be delayed still further.
-
-
-
-\subsection{Further information}
-
-For a general introduction to \LaTeX, including the new features of
-\LaTeXe, you should read \emph{\LaTeXbook},
-Leslie Lamport, Addison Wesley, 2nd~ed, 1994.
-
-A more detailed description of the new features of \LaTeX, including an
-overview of more than 200 packages and nearly 1000 ready to run examples, is
-to be found in \emph{\LaTeXcomp{} second edition} by Frank Mittelbach and
-Michel Goossens~\cite{A-W:MG2004}.
-
-The \LaTeX{} project sponsored a report on Mathematical % spelt out in full
-font encodings, which
-is worth reading for its insight into the problems of defining the way
-in which math is used: see~\cite{ziegler,clasen,clasen-vieth}.
-
-The \LaTeX{} font selection scheme is based on \TeX, which is described
-by its developer in \emph{The \TeX book}, Donald E.~Knuth, Addison
-Wesley, 1986, revised in 1991 to include the features of \TeX~3.
-
-For more information about \TeX{} and \LaTeX, please contact your local
-\TeX{} Users Group, or the international \TeX{} Users Group
-(\url{http://www.tug.org}).
-
-
-
-\section{Existing font encodings}
-
-This section lists the encodings currently assigned; for each
-encoding, we list the registered (\LaTeX{}) name, the assigned purpose
-of the encoding, and the author. Further details may list the code
-positions used in the encoding, the \emph{variable slots} (see below),
-an example font (for which a listing will be provided later in the
-document if the relevant fonts are present), and a source for further
-reference.
-
-While the characteristic feature of an encoding is that each font
-encoded according to the encoding should have the same glyph set,
-there are some encodings (notably \Enc{OT1} and its descendants) in
-which a few glyph code slots differ in their contents in different
-fonts.
-
-\subsection{Naming conventions}
-
-Names for encoding schemes are strings of up to three letters (all
-upper case) plus digits.
-
-The \LaTeX3 project reserves the use of encoding names starting with the
-following letters: |T| (standard 256-long text encodings), |TS|
-(symbols that are designed to extend a corresponding |T| encoding),
-|X| (text encodings that do not conform to the strict requirements for
-|T| encodings), |M| (standard 256-long mathematical encodings), |S| (other
-symbol encodings), |A| (other special applications), |OT| (standard
-128-long text encodings), and |OM| (standard 128-long mathematical encodings).
-
-Please do not use the above starting letters for non-portable
-encodings. If new standard encodings emerge then we shall add them in
-a later release of \LaTeX.
-
-Encoding schemes which are local to a site or a system should start
-with |L|, experimental encodings intended for wide distribution will
-start with |E|, whilst |U| is for Unknown or Unclassified encodings.
-
-\begin{quote}
- \itshape We recommend that new encoding names should not be
- introduced unless careful consideration and discussion in the user
- community has confirmed the need for the encoding. If encodings have to
- change from font to font, a number of problems arise, so it is best to
- develop encodings that can be used with a large number of fonts in parallel.
- This allows documents to be typeset using different fonts without problems.
-
- The \Enc{TS1} encoding is a good example of a \emph{bad} encoding (even
- though it was developed with the best intentions) as a huge number of fonts
- can only implement parts of it. Similarly, the fact that the few sets of
- available mathematical fonts (beside Computer Modern Math) nearly
- all implement slightly different encodings is a huge source of
- problems. Don't add to this if possible!
-\end{quote}
-
-
-\subsection{128$^+$ glyph encodings (text)}
-
-The `OT' series of font encodings start with Donald Knuth's original
-text encoding, that used for the text fonts in the earliest releases
-of \TeX{} itself. The `O' of the encoding designator may be taken as
-signifying `original', or just `old'.
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{OT1}
- {\TeX{} text}
- {Donald Ervin Knuth}
- {0x00--0x7F}
- {0x0B--0x0F, 0x24, 0x3C, 0x3E, 0x5C, 0x7B--0x7D}
-% {0X--'177}
-% {'13--'17, '44, '74, '76, '134, '173--'175}
- {cmr10}
- {\cite[p.427]{A-W:DKn86}}
-
- Donald Knuth designed his font encoding (and hence his fonts) in a
- very different environment from that which now pervades the \TeX{}
- world: his (mainframe) computer had very little memory, there was
- little experience in (or demand for) for multilingual technical
- typesetting, and as a result it was appropriate to sacrifice
- uniformity for efficiency.
-
- Thus Knuth's original fonts differ slightly in some encoded slots:
- for example, the glyphs \texttt{\string<}, \texttt{\string>},
- \verb=\=, \verb={=, and \verb=}= are only available in the
- typewriter fonts and the \textdollar{} and \textsterling{} signs
- share the same position (in different font shapes).
-
- This means that direct selection of these slots can produce
- unpredictable results, e.g., typing \texttt{\string<} or
- \verb=\symbol{'74}= in a document can yield `\textquestiondown'.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{OT2}
- {UW cyrillic encoding}
- {University of Washington}
- {0x00--0x7F}
- {---}
- {wnr10}
- {\cite{Beeton:TB6-3-124}}
- Support for this encoding is available in the Cyrillic bundle although for
- all practical purposes it is better to use one of the \Enc{T2} encodings.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{OT3}
- {UW IPA encoding}
- {University of Washington}
- {0x00--0x7f}
- {---}
- {wsuipa10}
- {\cite[p.149]{CorkGW:91}}
- The \Enc{OT3} encoding was never really used with \LaTeXe{}
- following the introduction of the TIPA system which offers much
- better support for IPA. In particular, no \File{ot3enc.def}
- file was ever produced.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{OT4}
- {Polish text encoding}
- {B.~Jackowski and M.~Ry\'cko} %% ? Marcin Woli\'nski
- {0x00--0x7F, 0x81, 0x82, 0x86, 0x8A, 0x8B, 0x91, 0x99, 0x9B, 0xA1,
- 0xA2, 0xA6, 0xAA, 0xAB, 0xAE, 0xAF, 0xB1, 0xB9, 0xBB, 0xD3, 0xF3,
- 0xFF}
- {0x0B--0x0F, 0x24, 0x3C, 0x3E, 0x5C, 0x7B--0x7D}
- {plr10}
- {---}
-
- While Knuth included the means of typesetting the `lost L' (\L) in
- his \Enc{OT1} encoding, he omitted the ogonek (\,\,\k{}), a diacritic
- mark that is also needed in Polish text; hence the appearance, well
- before the \Enc{T1} encoding, of fonts using this encoding.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{OT5}
- {Not currently allocated}
- {---}
- {---}
- {---}
- {}
- {---}
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{OT6}
- {Armenian text encoding}
- {Serguei Dachian}
- {0x03--0x0F, 0x13--0x7F}
- {---}
- {artmr10}
- {---}
-
- This encoding was allocated to permit use of Dachian's
- Armenian fonts in a standard \LaTeX{} environment.
-
- Because of license issues the \texttt{artmr} fonts are not necessarily
- included in distributed \TeX{} installations (and for this reason the
- corresponding encoding table is not shown below). However, the fonts
- and the support macros can be found on the CTAN archives (look for
- \texttt{armtex}).
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-
-\subsection{256 glyph encodings (text)}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{T1}
- {Cork encoding}
- {Euro \TeX{} conference at Cork}
- {0x00--0xFF}
- {---}
- {ecrm1000}
- {\cite[p.514]{tub:MFe90}, \cite[p.99]{Knappen:TB17-2-96}}
-
- The Cork encoding was developed so that advantage could be taken of
- the (then) new facilities of \TeX{}\,3, allowing hyphenation of
- most Western European (and some Eastern European) languages in an
- unmodified version of \TeX{}.
-
- The encoding was developed in the absence of any extant effort at
- font design, but instances written in Metafont (the `EC' fonts), and
- more recently Adobe Type 1 instances of the same fonts have become
- available.
-
- Substantial (but incomplete) instances have also been developed,
- which use virtual fonts. These latter instances map either Knuth's
- original (OT1-encoded) fonts, or commercial fonts that contain the
- Adobe `standard' set of 224 glyphs.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}
- {T2A, T2B, T2C}
- {Cyrillic encodings}
- {The CyrTUG font team}
- {0x00--0xFF}
- {--- (within each encoding)}
- {larm1000}
- {\cite{Berdnikov:eurotex-98}}
-
- There are too many glyphs in the full Cyrillic complement of
- languages for all of them to be covered by a single
- \LaTeX{}-compliant encoding (the lower half of each
- \Enc{T2}~encoding is identical to that of \Enc{T1}, in order that
- each should be a conforming \LaTeX{} encoding~--- see
- section~\ref{sec:restrictions}). The approach taken is
- therefore to develop a single encoding, \Enc{X2} (see \ref{sec:extendedenc})
- which contains all the glyphs needed for the full set of
- languages, and then to derive the three \LaTeX{}-complaint
- \Enc{T2}-family encodings using the \Enc{X2} set together with that of
- \Enc{T1}.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{T3}
- {IPA encoding}
- {FUKUI Rei, University of Tokyo}
- {0x00--0xFF}
- {---}
- {tipa10}
- {\cite[p.102]{Rei:TB17-2-102}}
-
-
- The \Enc{T3} encoding (and associated macros) provides the glyphs required
- in phonetic description according to current International Phonetic
- Association recommendations \cite{ipa}.
-
- The \Enc{T3} encoding does \emph{not fulfil} the requirements for \Enc{T}
- encodings---the name is a historical accident. The correct name would be
- \Enc{X3}, but due to the fact that this font family has been used under its
- current encoding name for a long time, the name will not change for
- compatibility reasons.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{T4}
- {African Latin (fc)} % public name
- {J\"org Knappen} % author name
- {0x00--0xFF} % range(s) of slots used for glyphs
- {0x24} % range(s) of slots with variable glyphs if any
- {fcr10} % name of an example font
- {\cite{tub:JKn93}}
-
-The African Latin fonts contain in their lower half (0--127) the same
-characters as the European Latin (T1-encoded) Fonts, while in their
-upper half (128--255) they
-contain letters and symbols for African languages that use extended
-Latin alphabets.
-Due to lack of space, J\"org had to play the unfortunate trick of
-assigning \verb=\textdollar= and \verb=\textsterling=
-the same position; users should take these characters
-from the text companion font, if they are needed. Instead of defining
-a lot of new control sequences for the single letters, there are three
-accent-like control sequences with general purpose:
-\verb=\m= (Modified-1),
-\verb=\M= (Modified-2) and
-\verb=\B= (Barred).
-Most standard \LaTeX{} encoding-dependent commands
-work. However, the Icelandic special letters are not available and `best
-replacements' for \verb=\Th=, \verb=\th=, and \verb=\dh=
-are used (barred T and d resp.).
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{T5}
- {Vietnamese encoding}
- {Werner Lemberg and
- Vladimir Volovich}
- {0x00--0xFF}
- {---}
- {vnr10}
- {\cite{vnr}}
-
- The \Enc{T5} encoding was developed for Vietnamese. Again, this encoding
- \emph{does not} conform to the requirements for a \Enc{T}-encoding
- because its large number of accented letters prevent the \verb=\lccode= and
- \verb=\uccode= mapping requirements for \Enc{T} encodings from being
- fulfilled. However, since the Vietnamese language does not
- use word division in typesetting so that this requirement is
- actually not important for this particular language.
- Since every glyph used in Vietnamese text is internally
- represented as \textsc{licr} macros, the commands \verb=\MakeUppercase= and
- \verb=\MakeLowercase= still work as expected (as they change the case of the
- \textsc{ascii} characters in \textsc{licr} definitions).
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}
- {T6}
- {Armenian}
- {---}
- {---}
- {---}
- {}
- {---}
-
- This encoding is reserved to permit future expansion of Armenian
- \TeX{} to use 256-character (hyphenatable) fonts.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{T7}
- {Greek encoding}
- {---}
- {---}
- {---}
- {}
- {---}
-
-The name is already reserved for a 256 glyph greek encoding. The encoding
-itself hasn't been defined so far.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-
-\subsection{256$^-$ glyph encodings (text symbols)}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{TS1}
- {Text Companion encoding (Cork)}
- {J\"org Knappen}
- {0x00--0x0D, 0x12, 0x15, 0x16, 0x18--0x1D, 0x20, 0x24, 0x27, 0x2A,
- 0x2C--0x3A, 0x3C--0x3E, 0x4D, 0x4F, 0x57, 0x5B, 0x5D--0x60,
- 0x62--0x64, 0x6C--0x6E, 0x7E--0xBF, 0xD6, 0xF6}
- {---}
- {tcrm1000}
- {\cite{Knappen:TB17-2-96}}
-
- The text symbol encoding offers access to symbolic glyphs that are
- commonly used in text (for a variety of reasons), and whose style
- should vary with the text that surrounds them.
-
- Unfortunately, the \Enc{TS1} encoding was developed without
- reference to the glyphs available in existing commercial fonts.
- As a result, only font families
- explicitly developed for \TeX{} (i.e., typically originating with
- \MF{}) actually contain all glyphs required by the \Enc{TS1}
- encoding. Most other font families (whether free or commercial)
- often only provide half of the set%
-%%
-%% don't show the comment if the tables are not generated
-%%
-\expandafter\ifx\csname r@fonttable:tcrm1000\endcsname\relax
-\else
- \expandafter\ifx\csname r@fonttable:ptmr8c\endcsname\relax
- \else
- \space (compare the two tables for \Enc{TS1} on
- pages~\pageref{fonttable:tcrm1000}
- and~\pageref{fonttable:ptmr8c})%
- \fi
-\fi.
- To improve this situation somewhat, NFSS provides a way to define encoding
- subsets on a per family basis in the \Pkg{textcomp} package (which
- package offers support for the \Enc{TS1} encoding).
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{TS3}
- {IPA symbol encoding}
- {FUKUI Rei, University of Tokyo}
- {0x00--0x0A, 0x20--0x49, 0x50--0x56, 0x70--0x7B}
- {---}
- {tipx10}
- {\cite{Rei:TB17-2-102}}
-
- The \Enc{TS3} encoding (together with the \Enc{T3} encoding) provides the
- glyphs for typesetting phonetic transcriptions following the
- guidelines of the International Phonetic Association \cite{ipa}. Support
- is offered through the \Pkg{tipa} package.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-
-
-\subsection{256 glyph encodings (text extended)}
-\label{sec:extendedenc}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}
- {X2}
- {Cyrillic glyph container}
- {The CyrTUG font team}
- {0x00--0xFF}
- {---}
- {rxrm1000}
- {\cite{Berdnikov:eurotex-98}}
-
- This encoding specifies the glyph container for Cyrillic characters,
- which is used in specifying the \Enc{T2A}, \Enc{T2B} and \Enc{T2C} encodings.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-
-
-\subsection{128$^+$ glyph encodings (mathematics)}
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{OML}
- {\TeX{} math italic}
- {Donald Ervin Knuth}
- {0x00--0x7F}
- {---}
- {cmmi10}
- {\cite[p.430]{A-W:DKn86}}
-
- The \Enc{OML} encoding contains italic Latin and Greek letters for
- use in mathematical formulas (typically used for variables) together
- with some symbols.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{OMS}
- {\TeX{} math symbol}
- {Donald Ervin Knuth}
- {0x00--0x7F}
- {---}
- {cmsy10}
- {\cite[p.431]{A-W:DKn86}}
-
- The \Enc{OMS} encoding contains basic mathematical symbols,
- together with an uppercase ``calligraphic'' Latin alphabet.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{OMX}
- {\TeX{} math extension}
- {Donald Ervin Knuth}
- {0x00--0x7F}
- {---}
- {cmex10}
- {\cite[p.432]{A-W:DKn86}}
-
- \Enc{OMS} encodes mathematical symbols with variable sizes, such as
- the $\sum$ sign, which changes its size if used in displayed
- formulas, and the construction parts for
- brackets, braces and radicals, etc., which can stretch to accommodate
- the thing they're enclosing.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-
-
-\subsection{256 glyph encodings (mathematics)}
-
-So far there are no 256 glyph mathematical encodings. A proposal is
-given in \cite{ziegler}.
-
-
-\subsection{Other encodings}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}
- {C..}
- {CJK encodings}
- {Werner Lemberg}
- {0x00--0xFF}
- {---}
- {} % no font, of course
- {\cite{CJK}}
-
- The \Pkg{CJK} package defines a number of encodings which access Chinese,
- Japanese and Korean fonts.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}
- {E..}
- {Experimental encodings}
- {---}
- {0x00--0xFF}
- {all}
- {}
- {\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}}
-
- As the name indicates, encodings starting with the letter \Enc{E} are
- intended for experimental encodings, that are still likely to change.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{L..}
- {Local encoding (site dependent)}
- {---}
- {0x00--0xFF}
- {all}
- {}
- {\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}}
-
- `Local' encodings provide the means to develop representation
- techniques that are suited to a particular \TeX{} environment. While
- the developer has freedom to specify their encoding as he or she
- pleases, there is a strong incentive to obey the \LaTeX{} rules for
- encodings, since it will otherwise be difficult to compose text using
- the encoding.
-
- At least it was the intention that \Enc{L..} encodings are local and
- site dependent. However, a number of such encodings became generally
- used without ever getting a different name allocated.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{LY1}
- {Y\&Y 256 glyph encoding}
- {Berthold Horn}
- {0x00--0x08, 0x0C, 0x10, 0x12--0xFF}
- {\emph{believed none}}
- {ptmr8y}
- {\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}}
-
- This is an alternative to the \Enc{T1} encoding developed by Y\&Y and
- used in their commercial \TeX{} implementation.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{LV1}
- {MicroPress encoding}
- {Michael Vulis}
- {\emph{unknown}}
- {\emph{unknown}}
- {}
- {\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}}
-
- This is an encoding developed by MicroPress and used for some of their
- fonts.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{LGR}
- {Greek 256 glyph encoding}
- {\emph{unknown}}
- {0x00--0xFF}
- {\emph{believed none}}
- {grmn1000}
- {\cite[p.575]{A-W:MG2004}}
-
- Currently the main encoding in use for the Greek language.
-
- This encoding doesn't conform to the restrictions for
- \Enc{T}-encodings described in section~\ref{sec:restrictions} on
- page~\pageref{sec:restrictions} as it doesn't have \textsc{ascii}
- glyphs at all.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}
- {PD1}
- {PDF DocEncoding}
- {Adobe}
- {0x08--0x0A, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x18--0x7E, 0x80--0x9E, 0xA0--0xAE, 0xB0--0xFF}
- {---}
- {}
- {\cite{Adobe:PDF-1.6}, \cite{hyperref}}
-
- The \Enc{PD1} encoding is a virtual encoding with 256 glyphs needed to
- produce bookmarks and similar text in PDF document generated with pdf\LaTeX.
- The encoding is ``virtual'' because by design there are no \TeX{}
- fonts that cover \Enc{PD1}. Details can be found in appendix D.1
- of~\cite{Adobe:PDF-1.6}.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}
- {PU}
- {PDF Unicode Encoding}
- {Adobe}
- {---}
- {---}
- {}
- {\cite{Adobe:PDF-1.6}, \cite{hyperref}}
-
- Another virtual encoding (with more than 600 characters) for
- Unicode-encoded bookmarks in PDF documents.
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-\begin{encodinginfo}{U}
- {Unknown encoding}
- {---}
- {potentially 0x00-0xFF}
- {all}
- {wasy10}
- {\cite[p.416]{A-W:MG2004}}
-
- This encoding should be used for fonts that resist classification,
- e.g., when it is clear that there will never be more than one font
- using the same encoding.
-
-\end{encodinginfo}
-
-
-
-\section{Restrictions}
-\label{sec:restrictions}
-
-
-\subsection{Required glyphs for general text encodings}
-
-Encodings that are supposed to be used with \LaTeX{} for `general
-purpose text fonts' need to have certain fixed glyphs in certain
-encoding slots. A `general purpose text font' is one intended for
-arbitrary natural language text and not just within special
-environments (such as the phonetic alphabet) or just for typesetting
-individual symbols (e.g., the text companion font with encoding
-\Enc{TS1}).
-
-This is the case for the following glyphs that have to be in their
-\textsc{ascii} positions for general purpose text encodings:
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}[t]{cc}
- Glyph & Position \\ \hline
- ! & \number`\! \\
- ' & \number`\' \\
- ( & \number`\( \\
- ) & \number`\) \\
- \relax* & \number`\* \\
- + & \number`\+ \\
- , & \number`\, \\
- - & \number`\- \\
- . & \number`\. \\
- / & \number`\/ \\
- 0 \ldots\ 9 & \number`\0\ to \number`\9 \\
- \end{tabular}
- \quad
- \begin{tabular}[t]{cc}
- Glyph & Position \\ \hline
- : & \number`\: \\
- ; & \number`\; \\
- = & \number`\= \\
- ? & \number`\? \\
- @ & \number`\@ \\
- A \ldots\ Z & \number`\A\ to \number`\Z \\
- \relax[ & \number`\[ \\
- ] & \number`\] \\
- ` & \number`\` \\
- a \ldots\ z & \number`\a\ to \number`\z \\
-\end{tabular}
-\quad
-\begin{tabular}[t]{cc}
-Glyph\footnotemark & Position \\ \hline
-< & \number`\< \\
-> & \number`\> \\
-\string| & \number`\| \\
-\end{tabular}\footnotetext{The requirement for these three glyphs is
- violated in the Latin alphabet \Enc{OT} encodings.}
-\end{center}
-In addition the following glyphs have to be present
-somewhere\footnote{The position in this case is not important as they
-are generated from ligature programs.} in the encoding together with
-corresponding ligature programs to generate them:
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}[t]{cc}
-Glyph & Ligature program \\ \hline
- `` & \texttt{`\/`} \\
- '' & \texttt{'\/'} \\
- -- & \texttt{-\/-} \\
- --- & \texttt{-\/-\/-} \\
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-
-This is $33 + 2 * 26 = 85$ positions ``required'', which leaves 171
-positions free.
-
-If there are free slots available then adding all or some of the
-diacritics would be the best way to fill them.
-
-If there are insufficient slots for the characters needed, a possible
-technique is to create a subsidiary encoding, and to move non-letter
-characters to it. Since only ``letters'' take part in the hyphenation
-algorithm, this technique doesn't affect the appearance of the typeset
-result.
-
-\subsection{The constraints on upper/lower case tables}
-
-Due to some technical restrictions of \TeX{} related to hyphenation it
-is not possible in \LaTeX{} to use more than one \verb=\lccode= or
-\verb=\uccode= table. Therefore all encodings need to share these two
-tables which are defined to be those of the \Enc{T1} encoding.
-
-The \Enc{T1} encoding has some nasty peculiarities which make certain slot
-positions more or less unusable for other encodings if this
-restriction is to be obeyed. This is unfortunate but since \Enc{T1} is well
-established and the basis for a large number of languages it seemed
-better to live with this situation instead of trying to replace \Enc{T1} with a
-slightly better standard (with the result that for a long time
-different \LaTeX{} installations would not be able to communicate with
-each other because of incompatible font sets).
-
-The positions that are problematic are as follows.
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{lp{.8\linewidth}}
-25 (\char 25) & uppercase maps strangely (same as for 105, \char 105)\\
-26 (\char 26) & uppercase maps strangely (same as for 106, \char 106)\\
-27 (\char 27) & lowercase maps to itself which makes this slot subject
- to hyphenation (used to support \Enc{OT1} encoding) \\
-157 (\char 157) & lowercase maps strangely (same as for 73, \char 73) \\
-158 (\char 158) & uppercase maps strangely (same as for 240, \char 240) \\
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-One way to use such slots is to fill them with ligature glyphs as
-\TeX{} will not consult these tables for glyphs constructed through
-ligatures programs but instead uses the entries for the individual
-glyphs used to produce the ligature.
-
-A complete listing of the uppercase/lowercase mapping tables is to be
-found in section~\ref{sec:uclc-tab} (page \pageref{sec:uclc-tab}).
-
-\newcount\temp \newcount\tempL \newcount\tempU
-
-\def\nextstep{\global\tempL=\lccode\temp
- \global\tempU=\uccode\temp
- \lctablenumbersize\the\temp &
- \the\tempL&
- \the\tempU&\printlowerupper{\the\temp}{\the\tempL}{\the\tempU}\\
- \global\advance\temp by 1
- \stepprint}
-
-\def\printlowerupper#1#2#3{\char#1\relax
- (\ifnum#2=0\relax--\else\char#2\fi
- /\ifnum#3=0\relax--\else\char#3\fi)}
-
-\def\stepprint{\relax\ifnum\temp<\endval
- \let\next=\nextstep
- \else
- \let\next=\relax
- \fi
- \next}
-
-\def\dolctable#1#2{{\temp=#1\relax
-\def\endval{#2}%
-\setlength\tabcolsep{1.5pt}%
-\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}cccc@{}}
-pos&lc&uc&glyphs\\\hline
-\stepprint
-\end{tabular}}}
-
-\iffalse
-\begin{center}
-\tiny\let\lctablenumbersize\tiny
-\mbox{\dolctable{0}{52}\vrule
-\dolctable{52}{104}\vrule
-\dolctable{104}{156}\vrule
-\dolctable{156}{208}\vrule
-\dolctable{208}{256}}
-\end{center}
-\fi
-
-\iffalse
-\begin{center}\tiny
-\mbox{\dolctable{0}{65}\vrule
-\dolctable{65}{128}\vrule
-\dolctable{128}{193}\vrule
-\dolctable{193}{256}}
-\end{center}
-\fi
-
-
-
-\section{Encoding specific commands}
-
-An encoding specific command is one that generates a glyph (or
-glyphs), to produce a graphic effect that may be implemented
-differently in different encodings. The encoding specific command
-automatically changes its implementation when the encoding changes in
-the course of the document. Encoding specific commands figure in
-\LaTeX's internal character representation (\textsc{licr}) and are also
-discussed in \cite[sec.~7.11.2, p.~442]{A-W:MG2004}.
-
-The following table only covers the encoding specific commands from
-the \Enc{OT1} and \Enc{T1} encodings. Other encodings may specify
-additional encoding specific commands. In the table, the first 15
-commands are `accent-like' and need as an argument the character to be
-accented. For example, |\v{c}| is the \textsc{licr} for `\v{c}'.
-
-\begin{tabbing}
-\ttverb\textvisiblespace\quad\=bbbbbbbbbbbbbb\=b'b'\=ccccccccccc\kill
-\ttverb\`{} \>OT1,T1\> \a`{}\> (grave) \\
-\ttverb\'{} \>OT1,T1\> \a'{}\> (acute) \\
-\ttverb\^{} \>OT1,T1\> \^{}\> (circumflex) \\
-\ttverb\~{} \>OT1,T1\> \~{}\> (tilde) \\
-\ttverb\"{} \>OT1,T1\> \"{}\> (umlaut) \\
-\ttverb\H{} \>OT1,T1\> \H{}\> (Hungarian umlaut) \\
-\ttverb\r{} \>OT1,T1\> \r{}\> (ring) \\
-\ttverb\v{} \>OT1,T1\> \v{}\> (ha\v{c}ek) \\
-\ttverb\u{} \>OT1,T1\> \u{}\> (breve) \\
-\ttverb\t{} \>OT1,T1\> \t{}\> (tie) \\
-\ttverb\={} \>OT1,T1\> \a={}\> (macron) \\
-\ttverb\.{} \>OT1,T1\> \.{}\> (dot) \\
-\ttverb\b{} \>OT1,T1\> \b{}\> (underbar) \\
-\ttverb\c{} \>OT1,T1\> \c{}\> (cedilla) \\
-\ttverb\d{} \>OT1,T1\> \d{}\> (dot under) \\
-\ttverb\k{} \>T1 \> \k{}\> (ogonek) \\
-% \ttverb\AA \>OT1,T1\> \AA \> \\ % no longer
-\ttverb\AE \>OT1,T1\> \AE \> \\
-\ttverb\DH \>T1 \> \DH \> \\
-\ttverb\DJ \>T1 \> \DJ \> \\
-\ttverb\L \>OT1,T1\> \L \> \\
-\ttverb\NG \>T1 \> \NG \> \\
-\ttverb\OE \>OT1,T1\> \OE \> \\
-\ttverb\O \>OT1,T1\> \O \> \\
-\ttverb\SS \>OT1,T1\> \SS \> \\
-\ttverb\TH \>T1 \> \TH \> \\
-% \ttverb\aa \>OT1,T1\> \aa \> \\ no-longer
-\ttverb\ae \>OT1,T1\> \ae \> \\
-\ttverb\dh \>T1 \> \dh \> \\
-\ttverb\dj \>T1 \> \dj \> \\
-\ttverb\guillemotleft \>T1 \> \guillemotleft \> (guillemet) \\
-\ttverb\guillemotright \>T1 \> \guillemotright \> (guillemet) \\
-\ttverb\guilsinglleft \>T1 \> \guilsinglleft \> (guillemet) \\
-\ttverb\guilsinglright \>T1 \> \guilsinglright \> (guillemet) \\
-\ttverb\i \>OT1,T1\> \i \> \\
-\ttverb\j \>OT1,T1\> \j \> \\
-\ttverb\l \>OT1,T1\> \l \> \\
-\ttverb\ng \>T1 \> \ng \> \\
-\ttverb\oe \>OT1,T1\> \oe \> \\
-\ttverb\o \>OT1,T1\> \o \> \\
-\ttverb\quotedblbase \>T1 \> \quotedblbase \> \\
-\ttverb\quotesinglbase \>T1 \> \quotesinglbase \> \\
-\ttverb\ss \>OT1,T1\> \ss \> \\
-\ttverb\textasciicircum \>OT1,T1\> \textasciicircum \> \\
-\ttverb\textasciitilde \>OT1,T1\> \textasciitilde \> \\
-\ttverb\textbackslash \>OT1,T1\> \textbackslash \> \\
-\ttverb\textbar \>OT1,T1\> \textbar \> \\
-\ttverb\textbraceleft \>OT1,T1\> \textbraceleft \> \\
-\ttverb\textbraceright \>OT1,T1\> \textbraceright \> \\
-\ttverb\textcompwordmark \>OT1,T1\> \textcompwordmark\> (invisible) \\
-\ttverb\textdollar \>OT1,T1\> \textdollar \> \\
-\ttverb\textemdash \>OT1,T1\> \textemdash \> \\
-\ttverb\textendash \>OT1,T1\> \textendash \> \\
-\ttverb\textexclamdown \>OT1,T1\> \textexclamdown \> \\
-\ttverb\textgreater \>OT1,T1\> \textgreater \> \\
-\ttverb\textless \>OT1,T1\> \textless \> \\
-\ttverb\textquestiondown \>OT1,T1\> \textquestiondown\> \\
-\ttverb\textquotedbl \>T1 \> \textquotedbl \> \\
-\ttverb\textquotedblleft \>OT1,T1\> \textquotedblleft\> \\
-\ttverb\textquotedblright \>OT1,T1\> \textquotedblright\> \\
-\ttverb\textquoteleft \>OT1,T1\> \textquoteleft \> \\
-\ttverb\textquoteright \>OT1,T1\> \textquoteright \> \\
-\ttverb\textregistered \>OT1,T1\> \textregistered \> \\
-\ttverb\textsection \>OT1,T1\> \textsection \> \\
-\ttverb\textsterling \>OT1,T1\> \textsterling \> \\
-\ttverb\texttrademark \>OT1,T1\> \texttrademark \> \\
-\ttverb\textunderscore \>OT1,T1\> \textunderscore \> \\
-\ttverb\textvisiblespace \>OT1,T1\> \textvisiblespace\> \\
-\ttverb\th \>T1 \> \th \>
-\end{tabbing}
-
-
-
-
-\begin{thebibliography}{99}
-\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\numberline{\relax}\refname}
-
-
-\bibitem{Adobe:PDF-1.6} \emph{\textsc{PDF} reference}:
- Adobe portable document format version~1.6. Adobe Systems
- Incorporated, 2005. % why \textsuperscript{3}?
- \url{http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/pdf/PDFReference16.pdf}.
-
-\bibitem{Beeton:TB6-3-124} Barbara Beeton:
- \emph{Mathematical symbols and cyrillic fonts ready for
- distribution}. In: TUGBoat, 6\#3), 1985.
- \url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb06-3/tb13beetcyr.pdf}.
-
-\bibitem{beeton} Barbara Beeton: \emph{Unicode
- and math, a combination whose time has come -- Finally!}. In:
- TUGBoat, 21\#3, 2000.
- \url{http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb21-3/tb68beet.pdf}.
-
-
-\bibitem{Berdnikov:eurotex-98} A.\@ Berdnikov, O.\@
- Lapko, M.\@ Kolodin, A.\@ Janishevsky and
- A.\@ Burykin: \emph{The Encoding Paradigm in
- \LaTeXe{} and the Projected X2 Encoding for Cyrillic Texts}.
- Euro\TeX~98.
- \url{http://www.gutenberg.eu.org/pub/GUTenberg/publicationsPDF/28-29-berdnikova.pdf}.
-
-\bibitem{CJK} \emph{The \Pkg{CJK} package}:
- \url{http://cjk.ffii.org}.
-
-\bibitem{clasen} Matthias Clasen: \emph{A new
- implementation of \LaTeX{} math}, 1997-98.
- \url{http://www.tug.org/twg/mfg/papers/current/newmath.ps.gz}.
-
-\bibitem{clasen-vieth} Matthias Clasen and Ulrik
- Vieth: \emph{Towards a new Math Font Encoding
- for (La)\TeX}. March 1998,
- \url{http://www.tug.org/twg/mfg/papers/current/mfg-euro-all.ps.gz}.
-
-\bibitem{CorkGW:91}
-Dean Guenther and Janene Winter.
-\newblock An international phonetic alphabet.
-\newblock In Guenther \cite{proc:MGu91}, pages 149--156.
-\newblock Published as {TUG}boat 12\#1.
-
-\bibitem{proc:MGu91}
-Mary Guenther, editor.
-\newblock {\em {\TeX} 90 Conference Proceedings}, March 1991.
-\newblock Published as {TUG}boat 12\#1.
-
-\bibitem{tub:MFe90}
-Michael~J. Ferguson.
-\newblock Report on multilingual activities.
-\newblock {\em {TUG}boat}, 11(4):514--516, 1990.
-
-\bibitem{fontinst} \emph{The \Pkg{fontinst} package}:
- \textlangle CTAN\textrangle\url{/fonts/utilities/fontinst}.
-
-\bibitem{Rei:TB17-2-102} Fukui Rei:
- \emph{\textsl{TIPA}: A system for processing phonetic
- symbols in \LaTeX}. In: TUGBoat, 17\#, 1996.
- \url{http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb17-2/tb51rei.pdf}.
-
-\bibitem{hyperref} \emph{The \Pkg{hyperref} package}:
- \url{http://www.tug.org/applications/hyperref}.
-
-\bibitem{tub:JKn93}
-J\"org Knappen.
-\newblock Fonts for Africa: The fc Fonts.
-\newblock {\em {TUG}boat}, 14(2):104, 1993.
-
-\bibitem{Knappen:TB17-2-96} J\"org Knappen:
- \emph{The \Pkg{dc} fonts~1.3: Move towards stability
- and completeness}. In: TUGBoat 17\#2, 1996.
- \url{http://www.tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb17-2/tb51knap.pdf}.
-
-\bibitem{A-W:DKn86}
-Donald~E. Knuth.
-\newblock {\em The {\TeX}book}.
-\newblock Volume~A of {\em Computers \& {T}ypesetting\/},
- May 1989.
-\newblock Eight printing.
-
-\bibitem{vnr} \emph{The \Pkg{vnr} font family}, developed by
- the author of pdf\TeX, {H\`an Th\^e\protect\llap{\raise 0.5ex\hbox{\'{\relax}}} Th\`anh}.
- \url{http://vntex.org/download/vntex}.
-
- \bibitem{ipa} Home page of the International Phonetic Association.
- \url{http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/ipa.html}
-
-\bibitem{A-W:LLa94}
-Leslie Lamport.
-\newblock {\em {\LaTeX:} A Document Preparation System}.
-\newblock Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, second edition, 1994.
-
-\bibitem{LH-Fonts} \emph{The \Pkg{lh}-Fonts for Cyrillic}:
- \textlangle CTAN\textrangle\url{/fonts/cyrillic/lh}.
-
-\bibitem{A-W:MG2004}
-Frank Mittelbach and Michel Goossens.
-\newblock {\em The {\LaTeX} Companion second edition}.
-\newblock With Johannes Braams, David Carlisle, and Chris Rowley.
-\newblock Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 2004.
-
-\bibitem{Unicode} \emph{The Unicode Standard}.
- \url{http://unicode.org}.
-
-\bibitem{ziegler} Justin Ziegler, \emph{Technical
- Report on Math Font Encodings}, June 1994,
- \url{http://www.tug.org/twg/mfg/papers/ltx3pub/l3d007.ps.gz}.
-
-\end{thebibliography}
-
-\clearpage\appendix
-\begin{center}
- \Large\bfseries Appendices
-\end{center}
-
-\section{Example code tables}
-
-This appendix contains a table of each font mentioned as an ``example''
-font above, providing that the font was available when the document
-was processed with \LaTeX{}. (\LaTeX{} generates a warning message
-for each font it fails to find.)
-
-\subsection{Text encodings}
-
-\ftable{cmr10}{OT1}
-
-\ftable{wnr10}{OT2}
-
-\ftable{wsuipa10}{OT3}
-
-\ftable{plr10}{OT4}
-
-%\ftable{artmr10}{OT6}
-
-\ftable{ecrm1000}{T1}
-
-\ftable{larm1000}{T2A}
-
-\ftable{lbrm1000}{T2B}
-
-\ftable{lcrm1000}{T2C}
-
-\ftable{tipa10}{T3}
-
-\ftable{fcr10}{T4}
-
-\ftable{vnr10}{T5}
-
-
-\subsection{Text symbol encodings}
-
-The full table for \Enc{TS1} as provided by European Computer Modern family:
-\ftable{tcrm1000}{TS1}
-
-\pagebreak
-
-In contrast typical PostScript fonts usually have incomplete implementations
-of \Enc{TS1} sometimes missing more than half of the glyphs:
-
-\ftable{ptmr8c}{TS1}
-
-\ftable{tipx10}{TS3}
-
-
-
-\subsection{Extended text encodings}
-
-\ftable{rxrm1000}{X2}
-
-
-\subsection{Mathematical encodings}
-
-\ftable{cmmi10}{OML}
-
-\ftable{cmsy10}{OMS}
-
-\ftable{cmex10}{OMX}
-
-
-\subsection{Other encodings}
-
-\ftable{ptmr8y}{LY1}
-
-%%\ftable{????}{LV1}
-
-\ftable{grmn1000}{LGR}
-
-\ftable{wasy10}{U}
-\ftable{logo10}{U}
-
-\clearpage
-\section{Uppercase and lowercase tables}
-\label{sec:uclc-tab}
-
-The following two sets of tables list the \verb"\uppercase" and
-\verb"\lowercase" values for each position in the \LaTeX{} standard
-256-character tables.
-
-Each row of each table lists:
-\begin{quote}
- \begin{tabular}{lp{0.7\textwidth}}
- pos & The position in the table (0-255) \\
- lc & The value in the \verb"\lowercase" table at the position \\
- & (note that value 0 here means that \verb"\lowercase" is
- ineffective for this character, and hyphenation does not apply
- to it) \\
- uc & The value in the \verb"\uppercase" table at the position \\
- & (note that value 0 here means that \verb"\uppercase" is
- ineffective for this character) \\
- glyphs & The glyphs specified for the T1 encoding for this
- position, laid out as \meta{glyph}\textbf{(}\meta{lowercase
- glyph}\textbf{/}\meta{uppercase glyph}\textbf{)}
- \end{tabular}
-\end{quote}
-
-\begin{center}
- \let\lctablenumbersize\footnotesize
- \makebox[\textwidth]{\hss
- \dolctable{0}{32}\quad\dolctable{32}{64}\quad
- \dolctable{64}{96}\quad\dolctable{96}{128}%
- \hss}
-
- \makebox[\textwidth]{\hss
- \dolctable{128}{160}\quad\dolctable{160}{192}\quad
- \dolctable{192}{224}\quad\dolctable{224}{256}%
- \hss}
-\end{center}
-\end{document}
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%