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-%%% ====================================================================
-%%% @LaTeX-file{
-%%% filename = "instr-l.tex",
-%%% version = "2.20",
-%%% date = "2004/08/06",
-%%% time = "16:17:21 EDT",
-%%% checksum = "60855 1233 6587 50183",
-%%% author = "American Mathematical Society",
-%%% copyright = "Copyright 1994, 2004 American Mathematical Society,
-%%% all rights reserved. Copying of this file is
-%%% authorized only if either:
-%%% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy,
-%%% including name; OR
-%%% (2) if you do make changes, you first rename it
-%%% to some other name.",
-%%% address = "American Mathematical Society,
-%%% Technical Support,
-%%% Publications Technical Group,
-%%% 201 Charles Street,
-%%% Providence, RI 02904,
-%%% USA",
-%%% telephone = "401-455-4080 or (in the USA and Canada)
-%%% 800-321-4AMS (321-4267)",
-%%% FAX = "401-331-3842",
-%%% email = "tech-support@ams.org (Internet)",
-%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
-%%% keywords = "latex, AMS, amslatex, ams-latex, author instructions",
-%%% supported = "yes",
-%%% abstract = "These are instructions for preparing documents for
-%%% submission to the AMS, using amsmath and AMS LaTeX
-%%% document classes.",
-%%% docstring = "The checksum field above contains a CRC-16 checksum
-%%% as the first value, followed by the equivalent of
-%%% the standard UNIX wc (word count) utility output of
-%%% lines, words, and characters. This is produced by
-%%% Robert Solovay's checksum utility.",
-%%% }
-%%% ====================================================================
-\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}% LaTeX 2.09 can't be used (nor non-LaTeX)
-[1995/06/01]% LaTeX date must be June 1995 or later
-\documentclass{amsart}
-
-\hyphenation{man-u-script man-u-scripts over-view pre-par-ing which-ever}
-
-%% Define macros for text substitution and for presentation of examples
-\newcommand{\AMS}{American Mathematical Society}
-\def\latex/{{\protect\LaTeX}}
-\def\latexe/{{\protect\LaTeXe}}
-\def\amslatex/{{\protect\AmS-\protect\LaTeX}}
-\def\tex/{{\protect\TeX}}
-\def\amstex/{{\protect\AmS-\protect\TeX}}
-\def\bibtex/{{Bib\protect\TeX}}
-\def\makeindx/{\textit{MakeIndex}}
-
-\newcommand{\filnam}[1]{\mbox{\texttt{\ignorespaces#1\unskip}}}
-\let\fn=\filnam
-\let\cls=\filnam
-\let\env=\filnam
-\let\pkg=\filnam
-\def\opt#1{\filnam{[#1]}}
-
-%% For this manual, add a section number to the references header, and
-%% include that section header in the contents list.
-\makeatletter
-\def\thebibliography#1{\section\refname
- \normalfont\small\labelsep .5em\relax
- \list{\@arabic\c@enumiv.}{\settowidth\labelwidth{#1.}%
- \leftmargin\labelwidth \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
- \usecounter{enumiv}}%
- \sloppy \clubpenalty4000\relax \widowpenalty\clubpenalty
- \sfcode`\.\@m}
-%
-%% Turn off series logo and copyright note
-\let\serieslogo@\relax
-\let\@setcopyright\relax
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% Table of contents customizations
-
-\let\tocori=\tableofcontents
-\def\tableofcontents{\tocori
- \skip@\lastskip \vskip-\lastskip
- \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\tocpatch}%
- \vskip\skip@ \relax}
-
-\def\tocsection#1#2#3{%
- \indentlabel{\@ifnotempty{#2}{\tocnbox{\hss#1 #2.\quad}}}#3}
-\let\tocnbox=\hbox
-\def\tocpatch{%
- \@xp\let\csname r@tocindent2\@xp\endcsname\csname r@tocindent1\endcsname
- \def\tocnbox{\hbox to\@tempdima}}
-%% In this document, subsections are unnumbered, but we want an indent
-%% to be used.
-\def\tocsubsection#1#2#3{\hbox to\leftskip{}#3}
-\def\l@subsection{\@tocline{2}{0pt}{.5pc}{}{}}
-\makeatother
-
-\newdimen\exindent
-\exindent=3\parindent
-%% Add a high penalty to discourage line breaks within an example
-%% without absolutely prohibiting them.
-{\obeylines
- \gdef^^M{\par\penalty9999 }%
- \gdef\beginexample#1{\medskip\bgroup %
- \def\(##1){\makebox[0pt]{\normalfont\mdseries##1}}%
- \def~{\char`\~}\def\\{\char`\\}%
- \normalfont\ttfamily\frenchspacing %
- \parindent=0pt#1\leftskip=\exindent\obeylines}
-}% end \obeylines
-\def\endexample{\endgraf\egroup\medskip}
-\newdimen\exboxwidth
-\exboxwidth=3in
-\def\exbox#1#2{\noindent \hangindent=\exboxwidth
- \makebox[0pt][r]{\null\normalfont\mdseries#1\unskip\enspace}%
- \makebox[\exboxwidth][l]{\normalfont\ttfamily\ignorespaces#2}%
- \normalfont\mdseries\ignorespaces}
-
-\newcommand\cn[1]{\mbox{\def\\{\char`\\}%
- \normalfont\ttfamily\\\ignorespaces#1\unskip}}
-\let\ttcs=\cn
-\newcommand\ttcsb[2]{%
- \mbox{\def\\{\char`\\}%
- \normalfont\ttfamily
- \\begin\{\ignorespaces#1\unskip\}\ignorespaces#2\unskip}}
-\newcommand\ttcse[1]{\mbox{\def\\{\char`\\}%
- \normalfont\ttfamily\\end\{\ignorespaces#1\unskip\}}}
-\def\{{\char`\{\relax}
-\def\}{\char`\}\relax}
-
-%% Provide a meta-command facility; provide an alternate escape
-%% character so it can be used within the verbatim environment.
-
-\catcode`\|=0
-\begingroup \catcode`\>=13 % in LaTeX2e verbatim env makes > active
-\gdef\?#1>{{\normalfont$\langle$\textup{#1}$\rangle$}}
-\gdef\0{\relax}
-\endgroup
-\def\<#1>{{\normalfont$\langle$\textup{#1}$\rangle$}}
-\newcommand{\Dimen}{\<dimen>}
-\newcommand{\tab}{\textsc{tab}}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-%% Provide a dummy titlepage, saving maketitle for the article title.
-%% Table of contents goes onto the inside front cover.
-
-\def\instrversion{2.20}
-\def\instrdate{August 2004}
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\thispagestyle{empty}
-\vspace*{1.5in}
-\begin{center}
- {\huge\bfseries Instructions\\[2pt] for Preparation\\[2pt]
- of Papers\\[2pt] and Monographs
- \par\vspace{\baselineskip}
- \amslatex/
- \par}
- \vspace{3\baselineskip}
- \Large
- Version \instrversion\\[4pt] \instrdate
-\end{center}
-\newpage
-
-\thispagestyle{empty}
-\tableofcontents
-\newpage
-
-\setcounter{page}{1}
-
-\title [ELECTRONIC MANUSCRIPTS: \amslatex/]
- {Instructions for Preparation\\
- of Papers and Monographs: \amslatex/}
-\dedicatory{%
- \mbox{\normalfont\mdseries\small Version \instrversion: \instrdate}}
-
-\maketitle
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-This manual is directed mainly to authors preparing material for
-publication by the AMS, using \amslatex/ document classes. As such,
-it deals with the AMS publishing style. Since these document classes
-are also used by authors who are not submitting items to the AMS,
-the manual also covers topics of more general relevance. However, it
-assumes familiarity with standard \latex/ techniques and conventions,
-and contains only material specific to AMS packages.
-
-Links to information useful in preparing manuscripts and graphics
-can be found on the AMS Author Resource Center web page \cite{ARC}\@.
-That information supplements this manual, and we recommend that you
-review it.
-
-The AMS produces three major types of publications: journals (both
-print and electronic), proceedings volumes, and monographs. There
-is a core AMS document class for each: \cls{amsart}, \cls{amsproc}
-and \cls{amsbook}, respectively. For most journals or book series,
-there is a specific author package, based on one of the core classes.
-If the specific publication is known, the appropriate author package
-should be obtained from the AMS web server \cite{AP} and used for
-preparation of manuscripts. In addition, there is a separate package
-for editors of proceedings volumes \cite{EP}, with facilities for
-preparing material that does not fit into the normal ``article''
-category.
-
-If the specific publication is not known, an appropriate generic AMS
-document class can be used:
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \pkg{gen-j-l} for journal articles (based on \pkg{amsart})
-\item \pkg{gen-p-l} for articles in book proceedings (based on \pkg{amsproc})
-\item \pkg{gen-m-l} for monographs (based on \pkg{amsbook})
-\end{itemize}
-
-The tagging of elements in a manuscript---title, author(s), section
-headings, theorems, etc.--- is consistent through all author packages.
-Thus a manuscript prepared using the appropriate generic document
-class can be modified trivially to use the specific package, simply by
-updating the \cn{documentclass} statement. For example, to specify
-the \textit{Contemporary Mathematics} proceedings series:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\documentclass{conm-p-l}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-Each author package contains an electronic version of this manual,
-class files, sample documents, and a \texttt{README} file that
-contains information about each of the files in the package.
-
-When an AMS author package is used, both \latex/ and a recent version
-of \amslatex/ must be installed on the computer being used for
-manuscript preparation. The AMS Author Resource Center web page
-\cite{ARC} has a link to download the most recent version of
-\amslatex/. The version number appears at the top of the file
-\pkg{amsmath.sty} (and other files in the collection), and is also
-reported in the log file of a \latex/ run; make sure you have
-version 2.0 or later.
-
-\section{Article preparation}
-
-We first address articles intended for journals and proceedings.
-Monographs are addressed in a separate section (see
-page~\pageref{s:mono}).
-
-\subsection*{Starting a new article}\label{ss:newamsart}
-%%
-Individual articles generally have the following structure:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \verb+\documentclass{...}+
-\item preamble (for document-specific customizations)
-\item \verb+\begin{document}+
-\item top matter information
-\item \verb+\maketitle+ (to set the top matter)
-\item article body
-\item reference list
-\item \verb+\end{document}+
-\end{itemize}
-A detailed template file (included in each package) provides
-a complete set of commands for the article top matter, and the
-instructions for using them. The most efficient way to start a
-new article is to make a copy of the template and fill it in.
-
-
-\section{The preamble}
-
-The area between the \verb+\documentclass+ statement and the line
-\verb+\begin{document}+ is referred to as the ``preamble''. This is
-the place to load external packages and define document-specific
-commands.
-
-Available \cn{documentclass} options are described in the file
-\filnam{amsclass.dtx}. Process this file with \latex/ to obtain a
-version with human-readable documentation. One option does need to
-be mentioned here: \opt{psamsfonts}; include this option as
-\begin{verbatim}
-\documentclass[psamsfonts]{...}
-\end{verbatim}
-to ensure correct sizing of fonts in environments other than normal text.
-
-\subsection*{Packages}
-%%
-The AMS document classes incorporate the code for the AMS theorem
-(\pkg{amsthm}) package and automatically load the \pkg{amsmath}
-package. It is not necessary to request either one explicitly.
-The user guides for these packages \cite{ATP,AMP} contain the details,
-which will not be repeated here. The \pkg{amsfonts} package is loaded
-as well, unless the \opt{noamsfonts} option is specified; see the
-AMSFonts User's Guide \cite{AFG} for the features provided.
-
-Not all publicly available packages are compatible with the AMS
-document classes. For this reason, we mention some that are:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \pkg{amssymb} provides names for additional symbols from the
- AMS symbol fonts; see \cite{AFG} for details.
-\item \pkg{amsmidx} supports multiple indexes for a book; see
- page~\pageref{ss:indexing}.
-\item \pkg{graphicx} is part of the \latex/ suite, preferred for
- inclusion of graphics.
-\item \pkg{longtable} facilitates tables longer than one page.
-\item \pkg{upref} forces cross-references with \cn{ref} to roman;
- see ``Roman type'', page~\pageref{ss:roman}.
-\item \pkg{xypic} is recommended for creating commutative diagrams.
-\end{itemize}
-
-There are several packages that cause particular problems for AMS
-production. Their use should be avoided if possible:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \pkg{psfrag}, for applying labels externally to included graphics,
- may result in a PostScript that can't be converted properly to PDF.
-\item \pkg{epsfig} has been superseded by \pkg{graphicx}.
-\end{itemize}
-
-Don't load any packages that aren't actually needed.
-
-
-\subsection*{New commands}
-%%
-Place all definitions for new commands in the preamble. This includes
-instructions to access fonts that are not already defined in the AMS
-document classes or \pkg{amsmath}, such as a new math alphabet (see
-\cite{AMP}).
-
-Always use \cn{newcommand}; this will let you know if the name you
-have chosen has already been used. Do not redefine any command from
-\latex/, \pkg{amsmath}, or any AMS document class, as this could cause
-problems in AMS production. New definitions may be used to provide
-shorthand forms for mathematical expressions that are used frequently,
-but do not use new definitions for text; for articles posted on-line,
-this will prevent indexing software from identifying relevant
-references.
-
-Use commands and environments provided by the AMS document classes
-and standard packages whenever applicable---for example, you should
-use the AMS \env{proof} environment rather than define your own
-alternative.
-
-When the file is complete, remove any commands that haven't been used.
-
-
-\section{Top matter}\label{s:topmatter}
-
-The top matter associated with an article includes information that
-would appear in a bibliographic reference to the paper, plus additional
-information about the author(s), subject classifications, key words,
-acknowledgments of support, and the abstract.
-
-
-\subsection*{Summary of tags and elements}
-%%
-Table 1 lists the top matter commands provided by \amslatex/
-version 2.0 and later. Not every tag is necessary for each paper.
-The table shows which tags are necessary and which are optional.
-Requirements for monographs are somewhat different and are described
-later. The template file included in every author package contains
-all the necessary tags and instructions for using them.
-
-\begin{table}[ht]
-\caption{Top matter tags}
-\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\documentclass{amsart}
-|?preamble commands, such as |ttcs|bgroup|0newcommand|egroup, etc.>
-
-\begin{document}
-\end{verbatim}
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{lcc}
-\ & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Required by}\\
-\ & Journals & Books \\
-\verb+\title[...]{...}+ & yes\rlap{${}^1$} & yes\rlap{${}^1$} \\
-
-\verb+\author[...]{...}+ & yes\rlap{${}^1$} & yes\rlap{${}^1$} \\
-\verb+\contrib[...]{...}+ & no\rlap{${}^2$} & --- \\
-\verb+\address{...}+ & yes & yes \\
-\verb+\curraddr{...}+ & no & no \\
-\verb+\email{...}+ & no & no \\
-\verb+\urladdr{...}+ & no & no \\
-\verb+\dedicatory{...}+ & no & no \\
-\verb+\date{...}+ & ---\rlap{${}^3$} & --- \\
-\verb+\thanks{...}+ & no & no \\
-\verb+\translator{...}+ & ---\rlap{${}^3$} & ---\rlap{${}^3$} \\
-\verb+\keywords{...}+ & no & no \\
-\verb+\subjclass[2000]{...}+ & yes & yes \\
-\verb+\begin{abstract}...\end{abstract}+ & yes\rlap{${}^4$} & no \\
-\verb+\maketitle+ & yes & yes \\
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-\vspace*{1pc}
-
-{\Small
-${}^1$ If no short form is needed, omit the brackets.
-
-${}^2$ For contributors, see details on page~\pageref{ss:contrib}.
-
-${}^3$ If this is necessary, it will be filled in by the AMS staff.
-
-${}^4$ For the \textit{Journal of the American Mathematical Society},
-abstracts are optional.
-\par
-}
-\end{minipage}
-\vspace{.25\baselineskip}
-\hrule width \textwidth
-\vspace{.5\baselineskip}
-\end{table}
-
-\subsection*{Title}
-%%
-For AMS journal articles, capitalize only the first word and proper
-nouns in the title. For articles in an AMS proceedings volume,
-capitalize the first and last words of the title and all nouns,
-pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. Articles, conjunctions, and
-prepositions should be lowercased unless they are the first or last
-word of the title. These rules should be followed even if the
-publication in which the article appears has another style. The style
-for the particular publication will be generated automatically when
-the article is processed at the AMS.
-
-A multiline title may be left for \latex/ to break, or a desired break
-may be indicated by \cn{\\}.
-
-Unless the title is very short, provide a form of the title suitable
-for use in running heads. This should be entered in brackets between the
-tag \cn{title} and the full title:
-\verb+\title[+short title\verb+]{+full title\verb+}+.
-Do not use author-defined macros in the title.
-
-\subsection*{Author information}\label{ss:authorinfo}
-%%
-Enter the name(s) of the author(s) with the tag \cn{author}, using
-standard capitalization for proper names. Use a separate \cn{author}
-command for each author. Names will be combined by \latex/ according
-to the dictates of the document class. See also ``contributors'',
-below.
-
-If the author name(s) cannot fit in the space available for the running
-head, enter a shortened form for each name in [brackets]
-between the tag \cn{author} and the full name. Acceptable shortened
-forms use initials for all but the surname(s). For example,
-\begin{verbatim}
-\author[J. Smith]{Joseph Smith}
-\end{verbatim}
-If the list of shortened author names is still too long for the running
-head (including a reasonable space for the page number), it can be
-shortened as in the following example, as a last resort:
-\begin{trivlist}
-\item\relax
-\verb+\markleft{J. SMITH ET AL.}+
-\end{trivlist}
-
-\noindent
-Note that \cn{markleft} is available only for \amslatex/ versions 2.20
-and later; it is not a basic \latex/ command.
-Data provided with \cn{markleft\{\}} \emph{must} be in all capital letters
-(except for included math). Place \cn{markleft\{\}} before the first
-\cn{author} in your file.
-
-For each author you should provide one or more addresses. Tag them
-as follows, grouping them in this order by author:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\address{...} |rm address where the research was carried out |tt
-\curraddr{...} |rm current address, if different from the research address |tt
-\email{...} |rm address for electronic mail |tt
-\urladdr{...} |rm URL address (optional)
-\end{verbatim}
-Do \emph{not} include any addresses within the scope of an
-\cn{author\{\}} command (this is different from basic \latex/).
-Do not use abbreviations in addresses.
-
-The main address should be divided by \cn{\\} into segments that
-correspond to address lines for use on an envelope. When typeset, the
-lines will be strung together separated by commas, but the division by
-\cn{\\} will be useful to a person preparing an envelope to return
-proofs.
-
-Addresses are considered part of the top matter, but in AMS articles
-they are ordinarily printed at the end of the article following the
-bibliography (this is different from basic \latex/). Suitable labels
-will indicate the current, e-mail, and URL addresses, typically
-\textit{Current address}:, \textit{E-mail address}:, \textit{URL}:,
-respectively.
-
-If \texttt{\textasciitilde} is needed in a URL address, enter it
-directly as \texttt{\textasciitilde} if you are using \amslatex/
-version 2.20 or later; otherwise, see the Author FAQ \cite{AF}
-for instructions.
-
-\subsection*{Contributors
- {\mdseries (new with version 2.20)}}\label{ss:contrib}
-%%
-Contributors are much like authors, but are responsible for only
-a portion of an article, e.g., an appendix or auxiliary tables.
-The bracketed portion is not optional; it gives the exact text that
-will be printed to indicate the nature of the contribution:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\contrib[with an appendix by]{William Rogers}
-\end{verbatim}
-Multiple contributors and contributions are input like this:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\contrib[with Appendix A by]{William Rogers}
-\contrib[]{Henry Taylor}
-\contrib[and Appendix B by]{John Henderson}
-\end{verbatim}
-Note the empty brackets on the second line. Multiple contributors
-indicated in this way will be combined and ``andified'' appropriately.
-Contributors will not be included in running heads. Addresses provided
-for contributors will be treated the same as for regular authors.
-
-\subsection*{Dedication}
-%%
-Use the tag \cn{dedicatory} for such things as ``Dedicated to
-Professor X on the occasion of his eightieth birthday.'' If the
-dedication is longer than one line, you may indicate a break with
-\cn{\\}.
-
-\subsection*{Acknowledgments of support and other first-page footnotes}
-%%
-Use the command \cn{thanks} to acknowledge grants and other kinds of
-support or for other general information not covered by one of the
-more specific commands such as \cn{keywords} or \cn{subjclass}. Enter
-\cn{thanks} immediately following the address(es) for the relevant
-author, \emph{not} within the scope of the \cn{author\{\}} command
-(this is different from basic \latex/). Like \cn{address}, \cn{thanks}
-can appear more than once in the top matter. Each occurrence will be
-printed as an unnumbered footnote at the bottom of the first page of
-the article.
-
-\subsection*{Subject information}
-%%
-Subject classifications and key words, like acknowledg-\linebreak ments, are
-part of the top matter and appear as unnumbered footnotes at the bottom of
-the first page.
-
-Subject classifications may be primary (the major topic(s) of the
-paper) or secondary (subject areas covered by ancillary results,
-motivation or origin of problems discussed, intended or potential
-field of application, or other significant aspects worthy of notice).
-At least one primary subject classification is \textbf{required}.
-Additional primaries and secondaries are optional.
-
-\begin{samepage}
-These classifications are entered as
-\begin{verbatim}
-\subjclass[2000]{Primary |?primary class>; Secondary |?secondary classes>}
-\end{verbatim}
-(Omitting \texttt{[2000]} will cause the 1991 Subject Classification
-to be cited.)
-\end{samepage}
-
-To determine the classifications, use the 2000 Mathematics Subject
-Classification scheme that appears in annual indexes of \textit{Mathematical
-Reviews} beginning in 1999. It can also be accessed on the Web at URL:
-\texttt{http://www.ams.org/msc/} or obtained in printed form from
-Customer Services.
-Please use the full number; the two-digit code from the Contents of
-\textit{Mathematical Reviews} is \textbf{not} sufficient.
-
-Key words are not required but may be provided by an author if desired.
-They should be tagged as \cn{keywords\{...\}}.
-
-\subsection*{Abstract}
-%%
-With an AMS document class, place the abstract before \cn{maketitle},
-contrary to the practice with the basic \latex/ document classes.
-This is necessary to ensure that the abstract can always be printed in
-the proper location and style. If the abstract is given after
-\cn{maketitle}, it will be printed in place and generate a warning
-message.
-
-Input the abstract text between \verb+\begin{abstract}...\end{abstract}+.
-It may comprise multiple paragraphs and include displayed material if
-appropriate. The length of the abstract depends primarily on the
-length of the paper itself and on the difficulty of summarizing the
-material. An upper limit of about 150 words for short papers and 300
-words for long papers is suggested. Do not use author-defined macros
-or \cn{ref} in the abstract.
-
-
-\section{Document body (all document classes)}
-
-\subsection*{Linking for the Web}
-%%
-All AMS primary journals are posted on-line. Electronic
-manuscripts prepared in \latex/ for any AMS journal should be tagged
-for maximum linking on the Web. For use of \cn{label}, \cn{ref},
-and \cn{cite}, see \cite{LC}; for \cn{eqref}, see \cite{AMP}.
-
-\subsection*{Headings}
-%%
-Four levels of headings are provided to permit logical sectioning of
-a manuscript. These headings are applicable to individual articles
-and to chapters of a monograph. (Headings specific to monographs are
-listed under \textit{Monograph formatting}.)
-
-\begin{verbatim}
-\specialsection{...}
-\section[...]{...}
-\subsection[...]{...}
-\subsubsection[...]{...}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-\cn{specialsection} is for long articles that need extra divisions
-(e.g., parts) at a level above the \cn{section} level.
-
-Explicit line breaks are obtained by \verb+\\+ in first-level section
-headings.
-
-Any heading may be given a label to allow references to be made to it,
-by including a \cn{label\{...\}} command with a unique identifier
-directly \emph{after} the heading. References are made using the
-command \cn{ref\{...\}} and the same identifier. For example,
-\begin{verbatim}
-\section{Monograph formatting}
-\label{s:mono}
-\end{verbatim}
-will establish a label for this section that can be referred to with
-\cn{ref\{s:mono\}}. Cross references of
-this sort will require \latex/ to be run at least twice for proper
-resolution. A warning at the end of the \latex/ run, ``Cross
-references may have changed\dots\unskip'', should be heeded in this regard.
-
-
-\subsection*{Mathematical text}
-%%
-For instructions on preparing mathematical text, refer to
-\cite{AMP} and \cite{ML}. See also ``Roman type'', below.
-
-\subsection*{Lists}
-%%
-Follow usual \latex/ conventions for producing list environments.
-
-\subsection*{Theorems, lemmas, and other proclamations}
-%%
-See the manual \textit{Using the \pkg{amsthm} package} \cite{ATP}
-for details. Theorem environments following AMS style with respect to
-punctuation, spacing and paragraphing are defined in the AMS document
-classes. This is incompatible with the \latex/ \pkg{theorem} package,
-which cannot be used with the AMS document classes.
-
-Three different theorem styles are provided by AMS document classes:
-\cls{plain}, \cls{definition}, and \cls{remark}. By referring to these
-styles and using the \cn{newtheorem} command, you can build a
-complement of theorem environments appropriate for any paper or
-monograph. All \cn{newtheorem} specifications should be included in
-the preamble; a starter set is included in the template for every
-AMS author package.
-
-Theorem support is also available separately in the \pkg{amsthm} package
-for users of document classes other than those from the AMS.
-
-\subsection*{Equations}
-%%
-Check displayed equations carefully, making sure they are broken and
-aligned following the guidelines in \cite[pp. 44--48]{MIT}.
-
-\subsection*{Roman type}\label{ss:roman}
-%%
-Numbers, punctuation, (parentheses), [brackets],
-$\lbrace$braces$\rbrace$, and symbols used as labels should always be
-set in roman type. This is true even within the statement of a theorem,
-which is ordinarily set in italic type.
-
-Be careful to distinguish between roman elements that are mathematical
-in nature (e.g., ``a group of class 2''), and those that are part of
-the text (e.g., a label or a year). Mathematical expressions, no matter
-how short or insignificant, should be coded as math, by enclosing them
-within dollar signs \verb+$...$+ or \verb+\(...\)+. Roman text elements
-should be coded as \cn{textup\{...\}} in potentially nonroman
-environments such as theorems.
-
-Abbreviated forms of mathematical terms are also usually set in roman
-type to distinguish them from mathematical variables or constants.
-Use the control sequences for common mathematical functions and
-operators like \verb+log+ and \verb+lim+; use \cn{DeclareMathOperator}
-to add additional operator names (see \cite[\S5]{AMP}).
-
-The style of reference citations, though publication-dependent, is
-usually roman. To ensure consistency and support linking for the Web,
-\textbf{always} use the standard \latex/ \cn{cite} command when citing
-a reference. Internal references with the \cn{ref} command are not
-automatically roman in non-roman environments, but can be forced by
-using the \pkg{upref} package (part of the \amslatex/ collection).
-
-\subsection*{Exercises}
-%%
-Exercises are produced using the \env{xca} and \env{xcb} environments.
-\env{xca} may be used in any publication, but must be defined in
-the document preamble with \cn{theoremstyle\{definition\}} and the
-\cn{newtheorem} command; it is used for exercises that occur within a
-section. \env{xcb} is defined only for monographs and is used for
-exercises that occur at the end of a chapter.
-
-\subsection*{Indexing facilities}
-\label{ss:indexing}
-%%
-The tags needed for \makeindx/ are already included in AMS document
-classes. Do not include the \pkg{makeidx} package, but do put the
-command \cn{makeindex} in the preamble to launch a single index.
-See \cite[chapter 11]{LC} and \cite[chapter 11]{GL} for use of
-\makeindx/.
-
-A package for multiple indexes, \pkg{amsmidx}, is included in the
-\amslatex/ collection beginning with version 2.20. Unlike other
-multiple-index packages, \pkg{amsmidx} is compatible with the AMS
-document classes. To use this package, put these commands into the
-preamble:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\usepackage{amsmidx}
-\makeindex{|?name of first index file>}
-\makeindex{|?name of second index file>}
-\end{verbatim}
-To identify index entries in the text:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\index{|?name of index file>}{|?index term>}
-\end{verbatim}
-In the backmatter, where the indexes are to appear:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\Printindex{|?name of first index file>}{|?title of first index>}
-\Printindex{|?name of second index file>}{|?title of second index>}
-\end{verbatim}
-Note the capitalization of the \cn{Printindex} command.
-
-\section{Floating objects: Figures and tables}
-
-Figures and tables are usually handled as floating inserts. Such
-items are often so large that fitting them into the document at the
-point of reference may cause problems with pagination. Placing such
-items into a floating insert allows them to be repositioned
-automatically by \latex/ as required for good pagination.
-
-A floating insert generally contains one of these possibilities:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \latex/ code that produces an object such as a table or
- commutative diagram;
-\item a command to incorporate an item produced by another application
- (most often an Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file produced by a
- graphics utility; see \textit{Electronic graphics},
- page~\pageref{ss:electronicgraphics}).
-\end{itemize}
-
-If a figure is described by \latex/ code (e.g., using \pkg{xypic} or
-the \env{picture} environment), it should be included directly in the
-file.
-
-\subsection*{Placement}
-%%
-Floats should
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item be numbered consistently throughout the paper (figures and tables
- are numbered separately),
-\item be placed at the top or bottom of the page,
-\item have an in-text reference, and
-\item definitely appear within the same section as their first text
- reference.
-\end{enumerate}
-
-A figure or table should not precede its first text reference unless
-they both appear on the same page spread. When a figure or table is
-an integral part of text, it may appear unnumbered in place in the
-middle of text.
-
-Figures and tables should be allowed to float according to the \latex/
-defaults preset by the document class. If you are submitting a file
-that will be processed at the AMS (this applies to all journal
-articles), you could introduce major problems with pagination if you
-hard-set your figures and tables by using the \verb+[h!]+ option.
-Production problems will be avoided when you use the appropriate
-author package class file and avoid using figure or table options.
-For electronic manuscripts, the final placement of inserts will be
-determined by the AMS editorial staff, on the basis of the most
-appropriate page layout.
-
-\subsection*{Captions}
-%%
-Captions for floating inserts are usually positioned above a table and
-below a figure. The following is the general structure used to specify
-a figure insert, with a caption at the bottom:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{figure}
-\includegraphics{|?file name of |tt.eps|rm| file>}|quad|rm or|tt|quad|?code for the insertion>
-\caption{|?caption text>}
-\label{|?reference label>}|quad|rm (optional)|tt
-\end{figure}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-This is the general structure for a table insert, with a caption at
-the top:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{table}
-\caption{|?caption text>}
-\label{|?reference label>}|quad|rm (optional)|tt
-|?code for the insertion body>
-\end{table}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-Caption headings (e.g., ``\textsc{Table 3.1.}''\ or
-``\textsc{Figure 7.}'')\ will be supplied automatically. The
-\<caption text> is any appropriate descriptive text, and may be
-omitted if no descriptive text is desired. (The style of the caption
-differs from the basic \latex/ caption style.) A reference label
-should usually be associated with the caption, and must be given
-\emph{after} the caption. A reference in text to the figure or table
-has the form \cn{ref\{\<reference label>\}}.
-
-\latex/ packages for captions may appear to work with the AMS document
-classes, but the caption style doesn't usually match the AMS style.
-
-\subsection*{Electronic graphics}\label{ss:electronicgraphics}
-%%
-Graphics created by applications other than \latex/ may be submitted
-to the AMS in an electronic format. This includes output from
-graphics applications as well as scanned photographs or other
-computer-generated images. The AMS requires such graphics in
-Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) format.
-
-Use the \pkg{graphicx} package (part of the \pkg{graphics} bundle
-of \latex/) to embed references to EPS graphics directly in a \latex/
-file; see the manual, \filnam{grfguide.tex} \cite{GB}. Another
-valuable reference is the manual ``Using EPS Graphics in \latexe/
-Documents'' \cite{EG}.
-
-Other packages are not recommended, as there are numerous areas of
-incompatibility which may result in the need for manual intervention,
-delaying processing and increasing the cost.
-
-The EPS files will not be physically included in the \latex/ file.
-You must submit a separate file for each graphic along with the \latex/
-document. No matter what method is used to produce a graphic, it is
-necessary to provide a paper copy to the AMS for verification. Double
-check to make sure the electronic and paper versions are the same.
-
-\subsection*{Compatibility requirements for graphics}
-There are two important requirements that must be observed when
-embedding graphics.
-
-\emph{Omit path names} for the included files. Instead of
-\begin{verbatim}
-\includegraphics*{/usr/joe/book/figures/fig1.ps}
-\end{verbatim}
-use just the name of the file:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\includegraphics*{fig1.ps}
-\end{verbatim}
-The easiest way to do this is to place the graphics files in the
-same directory as the file(s) being {\TeX}ed.
-
-Do not use the \cn{graphicspath\{\<directory list>\}} command to
-establish a path. This will result in the path being included in
-the DVI file, which will be impossible to process at the AMS\@.
-It may be possible to specify a path using one of the environments
-recognized by the {\TeX} engine (\fn{TEXINPUTS}, for example);
-instructions for setting these environments should be in the
-documentation for your system.
-
-Graphics commands must be compatible with the \textit{dvips} output
-driver. This is particularly important if you are submitting a DVI
-file for a camera-ready publication. The method is specific to the
-graphics package you are using; a typical method is to use a file
-\filnam{graphics.cfg} containing the line \cn{ExecuteOptions\{dvips\}}
-when you run \latex/ to create the DVI or PostScript file to send to
-the AMS.
-
-\subsection*{Technical requirements for graphics}
-%%
-If you scale a figure before submitting it, remember that line weights
-also scale. The lightest line weight that will reproduce clearly at
-high resolution is 0.5pt after scaling. Do \emph{not} specify
-``hairline'' weight, as this will be nearly invisible at high
-resolution and will disappear in the printing process. If a rule line
-is screened, its weight should be no less than 1 point \emph{after}
-scaling.
-
-Graded line weights should increase in increments of at least 0.5pt.
-Increments less than this are insufficiently distinguishable at high
-resolution.
-
-Screened fills should be screened not less than 15\% (less will print
-as white) and not greater than 85\% (greater will print as black).
-
-Ideally, text included in graphics files should be font outlines
-rather than bitmaps, because the AMS typesets its publications on a
-high-resolution imagesetter, not a laser printer. Text or lines in
-graphics which are 300dpi bitmaps (which look fine in the
-laser-printed output of your article) may appear poor in quality next
-to the high-resolution text of AMS publications. If bitmaps of
-characters are part of bitmapped line art files, output will be
-satisfactory if the bitmapped characters are at 1200dpi.
-
-\subsection*{Color graphics}
-%%
-AMS publications are ordinarily printed in black and white.
-Use of color requires explicit permission from the AMS.
-
-Color figures should have the resolution of at least 266 pixels per
-inch when printed at 100\%, and must also be suitable for printing
-as grayscale. The files must be in EPS format
-
-
-\section{Bibliographic references}
-%%
-\subsection*{Using \protect\bibtex/ to prepare a bibliography}%
-An author may find it convenient to maintain a file of references in
-\bibtex/ form, as described in \textit{The \latex/ Companion}
-\cite[Section 13.2]{LC}. Two \bibtex/ styles are provided:
-
-\begingroup
-\exindent=2\parindent
-\beginexample{\exboxwidth=1.05in}
-\exbox{}{amsplain.bst} will produce numeric labels; preferred for articles;
-\exbox{}{amsalpha.bst} will produce labels constructed from the %
- author name(s)\newline and year of publication.
-\endexample
-\endgroup
-
-\noindent
-Both will translate references in a \bibtex/ input (\filnam{.bib})
-file to \latex/ input in a \filnam{.bbl} file in the form appropriate
-for AMS publications, including all necessary formatting instructions.
-This method of preparing bibliographies is therefore recommended.
-
-To access a \bibtex/ bibliography in a paper or monograph, include these
-instructions in the appropriate place in the input file:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\bibliographystyle{|?style>}|qquad|rm(|tt|0amsplain |rm or|tt amsalpha|rm)|tt
-\bibliography{|?name of bibliography |bgroup|tt.bib|egroup| file>}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-Running \bibtex/ on the \filnam{.bib} file will produce a \filnam{.bbl}
-file. The \filnam{.bib} file may have any name the author finds convenient;
-however, the \filnam{.bbl} file must have the same name as the source file
-for a monograph from which it is input, so it may be necessary for the
-author to rename it. For an article, after the bibliography has been
-completed (including processing by \bibtex/), the contents of the
-\filnam{.bbl} file should be inserted into the main article input file,
-replacing the \cn{bibliographystyle} and \cn{bibliography} statements.
-
-Items in the bibliography are usually ordered alphabetically by author.
-\bibtex/ processing may alter this order, especially if the
-\filnam{amsalpha} style is used.
-
-All categories of bibliographic entries listed in
-\cite[Table 13.1]{LC} are supported in the two AMS \bibtex/ styles.
-In addition to the fields listed in Table 13.1, a \verb+language+
-field is provided for use in identifying the original language of an
-item whose title has been translated.
-
-The \pkg{harvard} package (available from CTAN) provides an
-author-year style that is compatible with the AMS document classes.
-This should ordinarily be used only for monographs on historical
-topics.
-
-Standard abbreviations for periodicals should be obtained from
-\cite{ASMR}\@.
-
-\subsection*{Preparing a bibliography without \protect\bibtex/}
-%%
-The references section of a paper is contained between the commands
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{thebibliography}{|?model label>}
-\end{thebibliography}
-\end{verbatim}
-This environment is resolved as an unnumbered section in an article
-or an unnumbered chapter in a monograph, following AMS publication
-specifications. The indentation for the labels is set to an
-appropriate width using the model given with the \cn{begin} command.
-Thus the widest label in the bibliography should be used as the model;
-for example, \verb+99+ will provide space for a 2-digit numeric label.
-
-For the proper order of reference elements and use of fonts and
-punctuation, look at an issue or volume in the journal or book series
-for which your document is intended and follow the examples you see
-there. More examples are given in \cite{MIT}.
-
-\subsubsection*{Reference input}
-%%
-Begin each item with the command \cn{bibitem\{\<bibitem label>\}}.
-The \latex/ default is to number references automatically; however,
-other labels may be used by inserting an optional key argument in
-square brackets between the command and the internal label:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\bibitem[ABC]{Arno1994}
-\end{verbatim}
-The item label and the key need not be identical. Whatever appears
-within the \verb+[ ]+ is what prints; whatever is within the curly
-braces is used for linking and must not include any math or special
-characters.
-
-Give at least one full name; initials and last name is an acceptable
-form. If a subsequent reference is by the same author(s), use
-\cn{bysame} instead of the name(s).
-
-For examples, refer to \cite{MIT}.
-
-
-\section{Monograph formatting}\label{s:mono}
-
-A monograph is a long work by a single author or co-authors on a
-single subject. Each chapter should be prepared as a separate file,
-as should the bibliography. In addition, a ``driver'' file should be
-used to input all the others. These files should be given meaningful
-names, so that when they are transmitted to the AMS, there will be no
-question about which file represents which chapter. For example, a
-monograph by author Grey might be composed of files named
-\filnam{grey.tex} (the driver file), \filnam{grey-ch1.tex},
-\filnam{grey-ch2.tex}, \dots, \filnam{grey-ch12.tex},
-\filnam{grey-appa.tex}, etc., and \filnam{grey-bib.tex}.
-If the author name is a common one, please include something to make
-it unique, such as first initials.
-
-Information that identifies the author(s), the subject matter of the
-monograph, acknowledgments of support, and so forth, will appear in the
-front matter of the book. Place this information in the driver file,
-and use the tags shown below. Most of these are the same as the tags
-associated with the top matter of an article; see the \textit{Top
-matter} section (page~\pageref{s:topmatter}) for explanations and an
-indication of which tags are required.
-
-\subsection*{Starting a new monograph}\label{s:newamsbook}
-%%
-The driver file for a monograph is generally made up of the following:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \verb+\documentclass{...}+
-\item preamble (where extra definitions might go)
-\item \verb+\begin{document}+
-\item \verb+\frontmatter+
-\item title page and copyright page information
-\item \verb+\maketitle+ (to set the title page and copyright page; see note)
-\item \verb+\include+ files (e.g., preface, introduction)
-\item \verb+\mainmatter+
-\item \verb+\include+ files (e.g., main chapters, appendices)
-\item \verb+\backmatter+
-\item commands for bibliography, index
-\item \verb+\end{document}+
-\end{itemize}
-
-\noindent
-Note: The title and copyright pages are for information only, so that
-a printed copy can be associated with the correct author(s). The final
-copy will be prepared at the AMS.
-
-For a typical driver file, see the template for \cls{amsbook}, included
-in the \amslatex/ collection.
-
-Instructions for preparing a dedication page are given in the AMS
-Author FAQ \cite{AF}.
-
-The table of contents will be produced automatically from a
-\filnam{.toc} file produced anew in each run of \latex/. Since there is
-no \filnam{.toc} before the first run, the body of the table of contents
-will be empty on the first run. It is AMS style to include only
-first-level heads, chapter titles, and part titles in the table of
-contents.
-
-Chapters in AMS book series start on right-hand (odd-numbered) pages.
-Blank pages will be provided as necessary at the end of earlier material
-to accomplish this.
-
-
-\subsection*{Chapter titles}
-%%
-Chapter titles should be capitalized as follows: the first and last
-words of the title and all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and
-verbs should be capitalized. Articles, conjunctions, and prepositions
-should be lowercased unless they are the first or last word of the title.
-
-There are three common variations of the chapter title. The form with
-a chapter number is most common:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\chapter{Matrix Algebras}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-The second variation is an appendix, where the word ``Appendix''
-replaces the word ``Chapter''. Use the command \cn{appendix} before
-the first \cn{chapter} command in a sequence of appendix chapters.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\appendix
-\chapter{Poisson Integral}
-\end{verbatim}
-In addition to ``Appendix'', the counter will produce letters ``A'',
-``B'', ``C'', etc.,\ instead of numbers.
-
-The third variation is used for an element such as a preface or
-introduction, which has no pretitle text at all. For this, use the
-\cn{chapter*} command:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\chapter*{Preface}
-\end{verbatim}
-Unlike the \latex/ \cls{book} class, the AMS document classes will
-place entries for unnumbered chapters in the table of contents, as
-required by AMS style.
-
-\subsection*{Monograph running heads}
-%%
-The chapter title is used for the left running head and section
-headings for the right running head. The chapter title repeats if
-there are no sections. If the text of a section heading is too long
-to fit as a running head, use the square-bracket option to specify a
-shortened form for use in the running heads:
-
-\begin{verbatim}
-\section[Fourier coefficients of periodic functions]
- {Fourier coefficients of continuous periodic functions
- of bounded entropy norm}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-If the chapter title is too long to fit as a running head, a shortened
-form can be supplied in a similar way. Full chapter titles and section
-headings will be used in the table of contents (this is different from
-basic \latex/).
-
-\subsection*{Numbering of figures and tables}
-%%
-The preferred AMS style for numbering figures and tables is to start
-numbering from 1 within each chapter, and to include both the chapter
-and element number in the printed caption heading. For example, the
-first figure in Chapter 5 would be numbered ``\textsc{Figure} 5.1''.
-The \cls{amsbook} document class resets figure and table numbers
-automatically, but does not include the chapter number in the printed
-caption. To add the chapter number, place these lines in the preamble
-of the driver file:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\numberwithin{figure}{chapter}
-\numberwithin{table}{chapter}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-
-\section{Getting help}
-
-Many questions raised by authors are answered in the AMS Author FAQ
-\cite{AF}. Please check that before asking for assistance.
-
-If you encounter difficulties in preparing or submitting your
-manuscript in electronic form after it has been accepted for
-publication by the appropriate editorial board, you can ask for help
-from the \AMS\ at:
-
-\penalty-100
-\begin{samepage}
-\beginexample{\normalfont\mdseries}
-Technical Support
-Publications Technical Group
-201 Charles Street
-Providence, RI 02904-2294
-\vspace{3pt}
-Phone: 800-321-4267, ext.\ 4080 \quad or \quad 401-455-4080
-E-mail: {\texttt{tech-support@ams.org}}
-\endexample
-\end{samepage}
-
-\noindent
-Please supply the name of the journal or book series, the editor's
-name if the manuscript is for a proceedings volume, and a concise
-explanation of the problem.
-
-
-\begin{thebibliography}{[ASMR]}
-
-\bibitem[AF]{AF} AMS Author FAQ,
-\texttt{http://www.ams.org/authors/author-faq.html}
-
-\bibitem[AFG]{AFG} \textit{AMSFonts{} version~\textup{2.2d} user's guide},
-Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2002.
-PDF file linked from \texttt{http://www.ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html}
-
-\bibitem[AMP]{AMP} \textit{User's guide for the \pkg{amsmath} package
-\textup{(}version~\textup{2.0)}}, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2004.
-PDF file linked from \texttt{http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html}
-
-\bibitem[AP]{AP} Author packages for publishing with the AMS,\\
-\texttt{http://www.ams.org/tex/author-info.html}
-
-\bibitem[ARC]{ARC} AMS Author Resource Center,
-\texttt{http://www.ams.org/authors/}
-
-\bibitem[ASMR]{ASMR} \textit{Abbreviations of names of serials reviewed in
-Mathematical Reviews}, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI,
-revised annually; searchable on-line at\\
-\texttt{http://www.ams.org/msnhtml/serials-list/annser\_frames.html}.
-
-\bibitem[ATP]{ATP} \textit{Using the \pkg{amsthm} package,
-version~\textup{2.0}}, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2004.\\
-PDF file linked from \texttt{http://www.ams.org/tex/amslatex.html}
-
-\bibitem[EG]{EG} Keith Reckdahl, ``Using EPS graphics in \latexe/
-documents'', available in electronic form as \texttt{info/epslatex.ps}
-or \filnam{.pdf} from\newline
-\texttt{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/}
-
-\bibitem[EP]{EP} Guide to AMS editor's package,
-\texttt{http://www.ams.org/authors/editpkg.html}
-
-\bibitem[GB]{GB} David Carlisle, ``Packages in the `graphics' bundle'',
-available in electronic form as
-\filnam{macros/latex/required/graphics/grfguide.tex} or \filnam{.ps}
-from\\ \texttt{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/}
-
-\bibitem[GL]{GL} Helmut Kopka and Patrick Daly, \textit{A Guide to
- \latex/}, 4th ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 2004.
-
-\bibitem[HBW]{HBW} Nicholas J. Higham, \textit{Handbook of Writing for
-the Mathematical Sciences}, 2nd ed., SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, 1998.
-
-\bibitem[HWM]{HWM}
-Norman E. Steenrod, Paul R. Halmos, Menahem M. Schiffer, and Jean A.
-Dieudonn\'e, \textit{How to Write Mathematics}, 5th printing 1995,
-Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1973.
-
-\bibitem[Joy]{Joy} M. D. Spivak, \textit{The Joy of \tex/},
-2nd revised ed., Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1990.
-
-\bibitem[LC]{LC} Frank Mittelbach and Michel Goossens, with
-Johannes Braams, David Carlisle and Chris Rowley,
-\textit{The \latex/ Companion}, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley Co.,
-Reading, MA, 2004.
-
-\bibitem[LGC]{LGC} Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz, and Frank Mittelbach,
-\textit{The \latex/ graphics Companion}, Addison-Wesley Co., Reading,
-MA, 1997.
-
-\bibitem[MIT]{MIT} Ellen E. Swanson, updated by Arlene O'Sean and
-Antoinette Schleyer, \textit{Mathematics into Type},
-Updated ed., Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1999.
-
-\bibitem[ML]{ML} George Gr\"{a}tzer, \textit{Math into \latex/},
-3rd ed., Birkh\"{a}user, Boston, MA/Springer Verlag, NY, 2000.
-
-\bibitem[MSC]{MSC} \textit{\textup{2000} Mathematics subject classification},
-Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1999; searchable on-line at
-\texttt{http://www.ams.org/msc/}.
-
-\end{thebibliography}
-
-\end{document}