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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/README.md b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/README.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..7bbc79383ba --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + +The package Tikz-FeynHand https://ctan.org/pkg/tikz-feynhand let's you draw Feynman diagrams using TikZ. + +It is a low-end modification of the package TikZ-Feynman at https://ctan.org/pkg/tikz-feynman, +one of whose principal advantages is the automatic generation of diagrams, for which it needs LuaTex. +FeynHand only provides the manual mode and hence runs in LaTex without any reference to LuaTex. + +In addition it provides some NEW STYLES for vertices and propagators, +alternative SHORTER KEYWORDS in addition to TikZ-Feynman's longer ones, +some shortcut commands for QUICKLY CUSTOMIZING the diagrams' look, +and the new feature to put one propagator "ON TOP" of another. + +It also includes a quick USER GUIDE for getting started, +with many examples and a 5-minute introduction to TikZ. + + + + FILES +------- + +1. tikz-feynhand.sty - the tex style file of the package +2. tikzlibraryfeynhand.code.tex - code file +3. tikzfeynhand.keys.code.tex - defines Tikz keys +4. tikz-feynhand.userguide.pdf - a userguide for the package +5. tikz-feynhand.userguide.tex - the tex source of the userguide +6. changes.txt - lists changes applied to Tikz-Feynman to obtain Tikz-FeynHand +7. shell_escape.jpg - a TexWorks screenshot for the userguide +8. README.md - this file + + + +LICENSE +------- + +Copyright (C) 2018 Max Dohse +Copyright (C) 2016 Joshua Ellis + +This whole package (code and documentation) +may be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of the +GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either +version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + +This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained'. + +The Current Maintainer of this work is Max Dohse. + +This package is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; +without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/changes.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/changes.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0b2d01e4c82 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/changes.txt @@ -0,0 +1,281 @@ +LIST OF CHANGES + +by which this package tikz-feynhand (Version 1.0.0 of 2018/01/31) +which is available at https://ctan.org/pkg/tikz-feynhand + +was obtained from the original package tikz-feynman (Version 1.1.0 of 2016/02/05) +which is available at https://ctan.org/pkg/tikz-feynman + +========================================================================== + +The LICENSE has been changed from LPPL to GNU General Public Licence v3. + +The changes are rather minor: +any reference to LuaTex has been removed, +the definitions that are unnecessary +for manual diagram creation have been removed, +and some drawing styles have been added. + +In general, I REPLACED each occurence of the string "feynman" by "feynhand", +in order to avoid clashes when both packages are loaded simultaneously, +and most of these replacements are NOT listed individually below. +Apart from that, the list below contains all changes to the best of my knowledge. + +The files tikzfeynman.patch.3.0.0.lua and tikzfeynman.patch.3.0.1.lua +of the original package are not contained in the modified package, +neither is the documentation of the original package. + +All file names and line numbers below refer to +the files of the original package tikz-feynman (Version 1.1.0 of 2016/02/05). + +============================================== + FILE: tikz-feynman.sty + ++ general: package name changed ++ line 32: removed \RequirePackage{ifluatex} + +============================================== + FILE: tikzlibraryfeynman.code.tex + ++ line 33: removed graphs, ++ lines 38-48: removed \ifluatex ... ++ lines 69-84: removed %Luatex warning ... ++ lines 119-141: removed %% Override Lua ... ++ line 159: removed \let\tikzfeynman@orig@graph=\graph ++ lines 162+163: removed, inserted: + \let\propag=\tikzfeynhand@commands@propag + \let\propag=\propagator ++ line 166: removed \tikz@lib@ignore@sizetrue ++ lines 181-190: removed %% \feynmandiagram ... ++ lines 266-282: removed %% Diagram ... ++ lines 284-291: removed %% Graph ... + inserted: + %% Propagators + \newcommand{\tikzfeynhand@commands@propag}[1][]{\draw [#1]} ++ line 321: removed \pgfkeyslet{/tikzfeynman/rmomentum/.@cmd}... ++ line 327: removed \pgfkeyslet{/tikzfeynman/rmomentum'/.@cmd}... + inserted: + % short versions of momentum styles + \pgfkeyslet{/tikzfeynhand/rmomentum/.@cmd}{\tikzfeynhand@momentum@stdr} + \pgfkeyslet{/tikzfeynhand/rmomentum'/.@cmd}{\tikzfeynhand@momentum@stdrp} + + \pgfkeyslet{/tikzfeynhand/mom/.@cmd}{\tikzfeynhand@momentum@std} + \pgfkeyslet{/tikzfeynhand/mom'/.@cmd}{\tikzfeynhand@momentum@stdp} + + \pgfkeyslet{/tikzfeynhand/revmom/.@cmd}{\tikzfeynhand@momentum@stdr} + \pgfkeyslet{/tikzfeynhand/revmom'/.@cmd}{\tikzfeynhand@momentum@stdrp} + + +============================================== + FILE: tikzfeynman.keys.code.tex + ++ line 22: inserted + %% Lengths + \newlength{\feynhanddotsize} + \setlength{\feynhanddotsize}{1.5mm} + + \newlength{\feynhandblobsize} + \setlength{\feynhandblobsize}{7.5mm} + + \newlength{\feynhandlinesize} + \setlength{\feynhandlinesize}{0.5pt} + + \newlength{\feynhandarrowsize} + \setlength{\feynhandarrowsize}{6pt} + + \newlength{\feynhandtopsep} + \setlength{\feynhandtopsep}{18\feynhandlinesize} + + %% Colors + \newcommand{\feynhandtopsepcolor}{white} + + ++ line 117: replaced \pgfmetadecorationsegmentamplitude + by 3 * \feynhandlinesize ++ line 141: removed /tikzfeynman/medium, ++ lines 145-206: removed %% Diagrams ... ++ line 219, 258, 280: + each removed /tikz/graphs/as={}, ++ line 224: replaced /tikz/minimum size=1.5mm, + by /tikz/minimum size=\feynhanddotsize, ++ line 225, 264, 337, 348: + each inserted /tikz/line width = \feynhandlinesize, ++ lines 230-236: replaced every occurrence of square dot + by squaredot ++ lines 238-245: replaced every occurrence of empty dot + by ringdot ++ lines 230-236: replaced every occurrence of crossed dot + by crossdot ++ line 249: replaced /tikz/minimum size=3mm, + by /tikz/minimum size=2\feynhanddotsize, ++ line 260: replaced /tikz/fill=none, + by /tikz/fill, ++ lines 261+275: + each replaced /tikz/outer sep=0.5\pgflinewidth, + by /tikz/outer sep={0.5*\the\feynhandlinesize}, ++ line 263: replaced /tikz/minimum size=0.75cm, + by /tikz/minimum size=\feynhandblobsize, ++ line 264: removed /tikz/pattern=north west lines, ++ line 269: inserted /tikz/fill=black, ++ line 270: inserted + every ringblob@@/.style={ + }, + every ringblob/.style={/tikzfeynhand/every ringblob@@/.append style={#1}}, + ringblob/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/every blob@@, + /tikzfeynhand/every ringblob@@, + /tikz/fill=white, + }, + every NWblob@@/.style={ + }, + every NWblob/.style={/tikzfeynhand/every NWblob@@/.append style={#1}}, + NWblob/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/every blob@@, + /tikzfeynhand/every NWblob@@, + /tikz/fill=none, + /tikz/pattern=north west lines, + }, + every NEblob@@/.style={ + }, + every NEblob/.style={/tikzfeynhand/every NEblob@@/.append style={#1}}, + NEblob/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/every blob@@, + /tikzfeynhand/every NEblob@@, + /tikz/fill=none, + /tikz/pattern=north east lines, + }, + every grayblob@@/.style={ + }, + every grayblob/.style={/tikzfeynhand/every grayblob@@/.append style={#1}}, + grayblob/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/every blob@@, + /tikzfeynhand/every grayblob@@, + /tikz/fill=gray!50!white, + }, ++ line 288: replaced arrow size=1.5pt, + by arrow size=\feynhandarrowsize, ++ line 295: replaced xshift... + by xshift=-0.166666\feynhandarrowsize, ++ line 297: replaced inner sep=\tikzfeynman@arrow@size, + by inner sep=0mm, + minimum width = \tikzfeynhand@arrow@size, ++ line 309: replaced xshift... + by xshift=0.166666\feynhandarrowsize, ++ line 316: replaced inner sep=\tikzfeynman@arrow@size, + by inner sep=0mm, + minimum width = \tikzfeynhand@arrow@size, ++ line 343: inserted + every top@@/.style={ + /tikz/preaction={draw=\feynhandtopsepcolor,line width=\feynhandtopsep} + }, + every top/.style={/tikzfeynhand/every top@@/.append style={#1}}, + top/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/every top@@, + }, + ++ lines 350-352: replaced amplitude= ... + by amplitude=3\feynhandlinesize, + segment length=7.5\feynhandlinesize, ++ line 381: inserted /tikz/line width = \feynhandlinesize, ++ lines 383-384: replaced amplitude= ... + by amplitude=3\feynhandlinesize, + segment length=7.5\feynhandlinesize, ++ line 399: inserted /tikz/line width = \feynhandlinesize, ++ line 435 replaced /tikz/thick, + by /tikz/line width = 2\feynhandlinesize, ++ line 442: inserted + every charged ghost@@/.style={ + /tikz/draw=none, + /tikz/decoration={name=none}, + /tikz/postaction={ + /tikzfeynhand/with arrow=0.5, + }, + }, + every charged ghost/.style={/tikzfeynhand/every charged ghost@@/.append style={#1}}, + charged ghost/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/ghost, + /tikzfeynhand/every charged ghost@@, + }, + every anti charged ghost@@/.style={ + /tikz/draw=none, + /tikz/decoration={name=none}, + /tikz/postaction={ + /tikzfeynhand/with reversed arrow=0.5, + }, + }, + every anti charged ghost/.style={/tikzfeynhand/every anti charged ghost@@/.append style={#1}}, + anti charged ghost/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/ghost, + /tikzfeynhand/every anti charged scalar@@, + }, + ++ line 447, 459, 473, 486, 497, 520: + each inserted /tikz/line width = \feynhandlinesize, ++ line 501: replaced segment length=1.5mm + by amplitude=3\feynhandlinesize, + segment length=8\feynhandlinesize ++ line 510: inserted: + % short versions of style names + pho/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/photon, + }, + bos/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/boson, + }, + antbos/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/anti charged boson, + }, + chabos/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/charged boson, + }, + sca/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/scalar, + }, + chasca/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/charged scalar, + }, + antsca/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/anti charged scalar, + }, + fer/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/fermion, + }, + antfer/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/anti fermion, + }, + gho/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/ghost, + }, + chagho/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/charged ghost, + }, + antgho/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/anti charged ghost, + }, + glu/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/gluon, + }, + maj/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/majorana, + }, + antmaj/.style={ + /tikzfeynhand/anti majorana, + }, + ++ line 515: replaced insertion/size=3pt, + by insertion/size=5\feynhandlinesize, ++ line 541: replaced momentum/arrow distance=3mm, + by momentum/arrow distance={\the\feynhandarrowsize}, ++ line 548: inserted + momentum/arrow thickness/.store in=\tikzfeynhand@momentum@arrow@thickness, + momentum/arrow thickness={0.64*\the\feynhandlinesize}, + momentum/arrow size/.store in=\tikzfeynhand@momentum@arrow@size, + momentum/arrow size={0.8*\the\feynhandarrowsize}, ++ lines 559, 573, 592, 613, 627, 646, 667, 681, 700, 721, 736, 756: + each replaced \draw [-Stealth, \tikzfeynman@momentum@arrow@style] + by \draw [-{Stealth[length=\tikzfeynhand@momentum@arrow@size]}, + line width=\tikzfeynhand@momentum@arrow@thickness, + \tikzfeynhand@momentum@arrow@style] ++ lines 772+776: each removed /tikz/looseness=1.5, ++ lines 786-814: removed %% Graceful ... + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/shell_escape.jpg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/shell_escape.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..66e8da40722 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/shell_escape.jpg diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/tikz-feynhand.userguide.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/tikz-feynhand.userguide.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..93389973c0d --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/tikz-feynhand.userguide.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/tikz-feynhand.userguide.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/tikz-feynhand.userguide.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..ba00d93810f --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tikz-feynhand/tikz-feynhand.userguide.tex @@ -0,0 +1,2122 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% +% TikZ-FeynHand +% Feynman Diagrams with TikZ (LaTex manual version) +% Copyright (C) 2018 Max Dohse +% +% available at https://ctan.org/pkg/tikz-feynhand +% +% This LaTeX file is free: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the +% terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software +% Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later +% version. +% +% This is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY +% WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR +% A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. +% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +% +% +\pdfoutput=1 +\pdfcompresslevel=9 +% highest compression level for text and image (0, ..., 9) +% +\documentclass[10pt,letterpaper,twoside,notitlepage]{article} +% +% __________________________________________________________ +% +\usepackage{amsfonts} +\usepackage[intlimits]{amsmath} +\usepackage{amssymb} +\usepackage{amsxtra} +\usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor} +\usepackage{colordvi} +\usepackage{colortbl} +\usepackage{float} +\usepackage{floatflt} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{hhline} +\usepackage[compat=1.1.0]{tikz-feynhand} +\usepackage{xspace} +\usepackage[bookmarks=true,% + bookmarksnumbered=true,% + bookmarksopen=true,% + allbordercolors=lime!60!white]% + {hyperref} +% +% __________________________________________________________ +% +\providecommand{\nc}{\newcommand} +\nc{\redcol}{\color{red!80!black}\,} +\nc{\vercol}{\color{green!24!black}\,} +\nc{\blucol}{\color{blue!40!black}\,} +\nc{\brocol}{\color{red!30!black}\,} +\nc{\txcol}{\color{black}\,\xspace} + +\nc{\itembf}[1][+]{\item[\textbf{#1}]} + +% __________________________________________________________ +% +\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} +% sections etc. are numerated down to level 3 = SUBSUBSECTION +\setcounter{tocdepth}{3} +% table of contents lists headlines down to level 3 + +\numberwithin{figure}{section} +% figure numbers are in format (#section.#figure) + +%% ======= PAGE LAYOUT =============================== + +%\usepackage{showframe} % shows frames for margins +\usepackage{geometry} +\geometry{letterpaper, + top=19mm, bottom=18mm, + inner=20mm, outer=20mm, + marginparsep=2mm, marginparwidth=12mm} + +\setlength{\parindent}{5mm} +% width of indentation in the first line of paragraph +\setlength{\parskip}{0mm} +% vertical distance separating two paragraphs + +%% ======= BEGIN DOCUMENT ============================ +% +\tikzexternalize[prefix=tikzgraphics/] +%\tikzset{external/force remake} % forces refresh of all external TikZ graphics +% +\begin{document}% +% +% +% ===================================================================== +% ===== TITLE STUFF =========================================== +%% +\thispagestyle{empty} +% +\begin{centering} + \Large\bfseries% + TikZ-FeynHand: Basic User Guide% + \vspace{1mm}\\ + \large\mdseries% + Max Dohse% + \vspace{1mm}\\ + \normalsize% + \today + \vspace{1mm}\\ + \small\itshape + Written at Instituto de F\'isica y Matem\'aticas (IFM-UMSNH), + Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\'as de Hidalgo,\\ + Edificio C-3, Ciudad Universitaria, + 58040 Morelia, Michoac\'an, M\'exico. + \vspace{1.5mm}\\ +\end{centering} +% +% ===== QUICK REFERENCE ============================================= +% +\hrule +\vspace{3mm} +{\centering\Large\bfseries Quick Reference\\} +% +\noindent +\textbf{Environment}\\ +\vercol\verb!\begin{feynhand}... \end{feynhand}!\txcol +enclosed in \vercol\verb!\begin{tikzpicture}[OPTIONS] ... \end{tikzpicture}!\txcol\\ +OPTIONS: \vercol\verb!baseline=1cm, baseline=(v.base), node distance = 2cm!\txcol, +no options are mandatory. +\vspace{1.5mm}\\ +% +\noindent +\textbf{Vertices}\\ +\blucol\verb!\vertex (v0) at (x0,y0);!\txcol\\ +\blucol\verb!\vertex [particle] (v1) at (x1,y1) {e$^-$};!\txcol\\ +\blucol\verb!\vertex [STYLE] (v2) at (x2,y2)! \redcol\verb!{}!\blucol\verb!;!\txcol\\ +STYLE options: \blucol\verb!dot, ringdot, squaredot, crossdot, blob, blobring, blobgray, blobNW, blobNE!\txcol\\ +If STYLE option omitted/empty: nothing is drawn, vertex only defined for later use (drawing propagators). +\vspace{1.5mm}\\ +% +\noindent +\textbf{Propagators}\\ +\vercol\verb!\propag [STYLE] (v1) to [EDGE] (v2);!\txcol\qquad\qquad +(If STYLE option omitted/empty: straight line is drawn.)\\ +\vercol\verb!\graph {(v1) --[STYLE, EDGE] (v2) --[STYLE, EDGE] (v3) --[STYLE, EDGE] (v4)};!\txcol +\\[1mm] +Short STYLE options: \vercol\verb!fer, antfer, pho, bos, chabos, antbos, sca, chasca, antsca,!\\ +\textcolor{white}{Short STYLE options:} +\verb!glu, gho, chagho, antgho, maj, antmaj, plain, mom, revmom!\txcol\\ +EDGE options: \vercol\verb!edge label, in, out, looseness, half left, quarter right!\txcol +\\ +Crossing propagators:\quad +STYLE option \redcol\verb!top!\txcol, +for example: \vercol\verb!\propag[fer,! \redcol\verb!top!\vercol\verb!] (a) to (b);!\txcol +\vspace{1.5mm}\\ +% +\noindent +\textbf{Customize}\\ +\blucol\verb!\setlength{\feynhanddotsize}{LENGTH}!\txcol\\ +analogue: +\blucol\verb!\feynhandblobsize, \feynhandlinesize, \feynhandarrowsize, \feynhandtopsep!\txcol\\ +\blucol\verb!\renewcommand{\feynhandtopsepcolor}{COLOR}!\txcol\\ +\blucol\verb!\tikzfeynhandset{every STYLE={/tikz/color=COLOR},}!\txcol\\ +\vspace{1mm} +% +% ===================================================================== +\hrule +\vspace{2mm} + +{\centering Version 1.0.0 - + available at\qquad \texttt{https://ctan.org/pkg/tikz-feynhand}\\} + +\vspace{1mm} + +\hrule +% ===== TABEL OF CONTENTS =========================================== +% +\tableofcontents +% +% ===================================================================== +% +% ===== MAIN PART ============================================ +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\section{Goals and related software} +\label{sec:_goals} +% +\noindent +\textbf{TikZ-FeynHand} is a low-end version of Joshua Ellis' original +\textbf{TikZ-Feynman} package \cite{tikzfeynman} (Version 1.1.0), +which has provided efficient new ways of drawing beautiful Feynman diagrams automatically +(and manually). +FeynHand is a modification for those users who want \textbf{easy access} to TikZ-Feynman's +drawing styles \textbf{in LaTex without any reference to LuaTex}, +and who want to \textbf{customize the diagrams} more easily. +FeynHand thus aims to be an alternative way to access +the manual mode of its big brother TikZ-Feynman. + +The drawing styles of TikZ-FeynHand are available through simple commands +following the \textbf{syntax conventions of TikZ,} +which uses Tex-like commands to create graphics. +Since there are still \textbf{journals} which do not yet support TikZ in submissions, +TikZ is capable of creating separate PDF graphic files, +which can then be submitted with the article. +This is called \textbf{externalizing the graphics} and is outlined in +Appendix~\ref{Apx_tikzbasics_externalize}, +see also Section~50.4 in the TikZ/PGF Manual~\cite{tikz}. +\\[1.5mm] +% +\noindent +The \textbf{GENERAL WORKFLOW} for creating a diagram with TikZ-FeynHand is the following: +\begin{itemize} +\itembf[0.] + Initialize the \vercol\verb$feynhand$\txcol environment + inside the \vercol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol environment\\ + (in turn typically within a \vercol\verb$figure$\txcol or some math environment). + % + \itembf[1.] + Set the positions of the vertices and the styles they are drawn in. + % + \itembf[2.] + Insert the propagator lines between the vertices. + % + \itembf[x.] + Draw extra objects (like coordinate systems). + % +\end{itemize} +% +FeynHand offers additonal shorter versions of TikZ-Feynmans TikZ-keys, +because I find some of them quite long, e.g.~\vercol\verb$anti charged boson$\txcol. +With little practice and efficient use of copy and paste, +the ease of creating diagrams by hand is similar in both packages. +FeynHand contains a few tweaks that are handy for me and might be for others. +\\[1mm] +The other main \textbf{features of FeynHand that differ from TikZ-Feynman} +(Version 1.1.0) are listed below. +% +\begin{itemize} + % + \item + Package does neither load the Tex package \vercol\verb$ifluatex$\txcol,\\ + nor TikZ-Feynman's Lua patches \vercol\verb$tikzfeynman.patch.x.x.x.lua$\txcol. + % + \item + No extra \vercol\verb$\diagram$\txcol environment is needed, + since everything is placed by hand. + % + \item + \vercol\verb$top$\txcol style option for crossing propagators introduced, + see Section~\ref{sec:_feynmandiagrams_propagators_top}. + % + \item + Some additional vertex and propagator styles are available, + see Sections~\ref{sec:_feynmandiagrams_vertices} + and \ref{sec:_feynmandiagrams_propagators}. + % + \item + Shortcut commands for quickly customizing the diagrams' look, + see Section~\ref{sec:_feynmandiagrams_customizing}. + % + \item + For brevity, we access/leave math mode via \$ instead of the \vercol\verb$\($\txcol + and \vercol\verb$\)$\txcol suggested in TikZ-Feynman's manual.\\ + However, this is rather a personal preference and the opinions on this topic are divided. + % +\end{itemize} +% +This user guide just describes briefly \textbf{how to quickly use FeynHand.} +There is also a three-page introduction to TikZ in Appendix~\ref{Apx_tikzbasics}. +For more information on TikZ-Feynman's capabilities and commands, +we recommend its elaborate documentation \cite{tikzfeynman}, +in particular Section~3, and also recommend the introduction +and extensive manual of TikZ \cite{tikz}. +% +In all commands and keys mentioned in \cite{tikzfeynmanArticle} +and the corresponding files, the string \vercol\verb$feynman$\txcol has been replaced +by \vercol\verb$feynhand$\txcol in the FeynHand package, +in order to prevent any clash of variable names, +if both TikZ-Feynman and FeynHand are used together in the same LaTex document. +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\subsection*{Acknowledgments} +% +\noindent +I am grateful to Joshua Ellis for friendly advice +and for writing TikZ-Feynman in the first place.\\ +I am also thankful to Till Tantau and all collaborators for writing TikZ/PGF. +% +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\subsection*{Citations} +% +\noindent +If you use TikZ-FeynHand for any publication, please be so kind to\\ +cite both Joshua Ellis' original manual \cite{tikzfeynmanArticle} as well as this userguide. +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\subsection*{License} +% +\noindent +This PDF and the whole package are free: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the +terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software +Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\newpage +\section{Feynman diagrams with TikZ-FeynHand} +\label{sec:_feynmandiagrams} +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\subsection{Environment} +\label{sec:_feynmandiagrams_environment} +% +\noindent +The \blucol\verb$feynhand$\txcol package is loaded as usual +with \blucol\verb$\usepackage{tikzfeynhand}$\txcol. +All FeynHand commands are used within the \blucol\verb$feynhand$\txcol +environment, which needs to be placed inside the \blucol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol +environment% +\footnote{It is possible to define \texttt{feynhand} such that it includes \texttt{tikzpicture}. + We decide against this so that \texttt{feynhand} + can be used as a scope inside \texttt{tikzpicture}. + Further, doing so would make externalizing the graphics more difficult.}. +% +Of course, all \textbf{TikZ commands remain available} within \blucol\verb$feynhand$\txcol, +and TikZ commands can also be placed outside of \blucol\verb$feynhand$\txcol +inside the \blucol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol enclosing it. + +The \textbf{coordinate system} used by TikZ is the usual cartesian (x,y)-plane, +with the x-axis pointing horizontally to the right +and the y-axis pointing vertically upwards on the page. +The default coordinate unit is centimeters. +We recall that all TikZ and/or FeynHand commands must \textbf{end with +a \;;\; (semicolon).} + +When we want to use captions and labels, we enclose \blucol\verb$feynhand$\txcol +in the \blucol\verb$figure$\txcol environment as below. +% +\blucol\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \centering + \begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + + ... FeynHand and/or TikZ commands ... + + \end{feynhand} + \end{tikzpicture} + \caption{A diagram drawn with TikZ.} + \label{Fig:_diagram1} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim}\txcol +% +% --------------------------------------------------------------- +\vspace{-5mm} +\subsection{Equations involving Feynman diagrams} +% +The \vercol\verb$feynhand$\txcol environment can also be used directly +in math environments. For example, the code below produces the (nonsense) equation below it. +For the \vercol\verb$baseline$\txcol option of the +\vercol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol environment, see Section~12.2.1 +in the TikZ/PGF Manual \cite{tikz}. +In the first diagram we have set it to the y-coordinate of the vertex (o), +and in the second we have set it to the value y=-0.3cm. +That is, in each diagram the corresponding horizontal lines of constant y-coordinate +are aligned with the baseline of the math environment. +% +\vercol\begin{verbatim} +\begin{align*} + \int dx\; f(x) = \alpha + \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(o.base)] + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (-1,-1); \vertex (b) at (1,-1); \vertex (c) at (0,1); + \vertex [dot, Blue] (o) at (0,0) {}; \propag [fermion, Blue] (a) to (o); + \propag [anti fermion, Blue] (b) to (o); \propag [fermion, Blue] (c) to (o); + \end{feynhand} + \end{tikzpicture} + - 2i\,e + \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=-0.3cm] + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (-1,-1); \vertex (b) at (1,-1); \vertex (c) at (0,1); + \vertex [dot, Orange] (o) at (0,0) {}; \propag [photon, Orange] (a) to (o); + \propag [photon, Orange] (b) to (o); \propag [photon, Orange] (c) to (o); + \end{feynhand} + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{align*} +\end{verbatim}\txcol +% +\vspace{-13mm} +% +\begin{align*} + \int\!\! dx\; f(x) = \alpha + \tikzsetnextfilename{baseline_obase} + %\tikzset{external/force remake} + \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(o.base)] + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (-1,-1); \vertex (b) at (1,-1); \vertex (c) at (0,1); + \vertex [dot, blue] (o) at (0,0) {}; \propag [fermion, Blue] (a) to (o); + \propag [anti fermion, Blue] (b) to (o); \propag [fermion, Blue] (c) to (o); + \end{feynhand} + \end{tikzpicture} + - 2i\,e + \tikzsetnextfilename{baseline_03cm} + \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=-0.3cm] + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (-1,-1); \vertex (b) at (1,-1); \vertex (c) at (0,1); + \vertex [dot, orange] (o) at (0,0) {}; \propag [photon, Orange] (a) to (o); + \propag [photon, Orange] (b) to (o); \propag [photon, Orange] (c) to (o); + \end{feynhand} + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{align*} +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\subsection{Vertices} +\label{sec:_feynmandiagrams_vertices} +% +\noindent +The \vercol\verb$\vertex$\txcol command is the same as in TikZ-Feynman, +and essentially consists of the command \vercol\verb$node$\txcol of TikZ. +By declaring a vertex, we mean defining its name and its position +in the coordinate system, and specifying how the vertex is to be drawn, +see below for examples. +The vertices' names are mere labels for later reference +(just like equation labels in Latex) +and don't show up anywhere in the graph. +The idea is now to use the vertices' names as a reference for their +coordinates. This makes their use and modification much easier. +For example, we can draw a line from vertex (a) to (b) by +\vercol\verb$\draw (a) to (b);$\txcol +see Section~\ref{sec:_feynmandiagrams_propagators}. + +Below we list the available vertex styles. +Some users like to draw a gap in propagator lines which cross each other +without any interaction being implied there. +This can be done using gap vertices, +see Section~\ref{sec:_feynmandiagrams_propagators_top}. +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Bare vertex} +% +\noindent +This is the basic vertex: nothing is drawn at the vertex itself, +it merely connects propagator lines. +Note that we do not put an empty argument \redcol\verb${}$\txcol at the end. +\vspace{2mm}\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_bare} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); + \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Particle vertex} +% +\noindent +Particle vertices are usually used only for incoming +and outgoing particles. \\ +For intermediate particles, see propagator edge labels in +Section~\ref{sec:_feynmandiagrams_proplabelsmomentum}. +\vspace{2mm}\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \vertex [particle] (a) at (0,0) {e$^-$}; + ... +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_particle} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex [particle] (a) at (0,0) {e$^-$}; + \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Dot vertex} +% +\noindent +Some users like to place dots on vertices in order to emphasize +that an interaction occurs there.\\ +Note the empty argument \redcol\verb${}$\txcol at the end - +without the dots/blobs will not appear! +\vspace{2mm}\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \vertex [dot] (b) at (2,0) {}; + ... +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_dot} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); + \vertex [dot] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Ring dot vertex} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \vertex [ringdot] (b) at (2,0) {}; + ... +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_ringdot} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); + \vertex [ringdot] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Square dot vertex} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \vertex [squaredot] (b) at (2,0) {}; + ... +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_squaredot} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); + \vertex [squaredot] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Crossed dot vertex} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \vertex [crossdot] (b) at (2,0) {}; + ... +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_crossdot} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); + \vertex [crossdot] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Blob vertex} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \vertex [blob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + ... +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_blob} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); + \vertex [blob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Ring blob vertex} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \vertex [ringblob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + ... +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_ringblob} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); + \vertex [ringblob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Gray blob vertex} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \vertex [grayblob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + ... +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_grayblob} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); + \vertex [grayblob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{NorthWest blob vertex} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \vertex [NWblob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + ... +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_NWblob} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); + \vertex [NWblob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{NorthEast blob vertex} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \vertex [NEblob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + ... +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_NEblob} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); + \vertex [NEblob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex (c1) at (4,0.5); + \vertex (c2) at (4,-0.5); + \propag [plain] (a) to (b); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c1); + \propag [plain] (b) to (c2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection{Relative vertex placement} +\label{sec:_feynmandiagrams_vertices_relative} +% +\noindent +Above we have always placed the vertices using absolute coordinate values. +Relative placement is done using the keys +\blucol\verb$above, below, left, right$\txcol. +When combined, the vertical key must come first, as in +\blucol\verb$above right$\txcol.\\ + +\noindent +\begin{minipage}{0.75\linewidth} +\blucol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex [dot] (a1) {}; + \vertex [ringdot] (a2) [above right = of a1] {}; + \propag [plain] (a1) to (a2); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.2\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_relative_1} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex [dot] (a1) {}; + \vertex [ringdot] (a2) [above right = of a1] {}; + \propag [plain] (a1) to (a2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ + +\noindent +The node distance used by these keys can be set +by calling \blucol\verb$\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance = 2cm]$\txcol +or \blucol\verb$\begin{feynhand}[node distance = 2cm]$\txcol. +Moreover, we can specify the absolute distances relative to a vertex:\\ + +\noindent +\begin{minipage}{0.75\linewidth} +\blucol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex [dot] (a1) {}; + \vertex [dot] (a2) [right = 1.5cm of a1] {}; + \propag [gluon] (a1) to (a2); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.2\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_relative_2} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex [dot] (a1) {}; + \vertex [dot] (a2) [right = 1.5cm of a1] {}; + \propag [gluon] (a1) to (a2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +\begin{minipage}{0.75\linewidth} +\blucol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex [ringdot] (a1) {}; + \vertex [ringdot] (a2) [above right = 0.5cm and 2cm of a1] {}; + \propag [photon] (a1) to (a2); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.2\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{vertex_relative_3} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex [ringdot] (a1) {}; + \vertex [ringdot] (a2) [above right = 0.5cm and 2cm of a1] {}; + \propag [photon] (a1) to (a2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} + + + +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\subsection{Propagators} +\label{sec:_feynmandiagrams_propagators} +% +\noindent +You can draw propagators between vertices with FeynHand's \vercol\verb$\propag$\txcol command, +whose long version \vercol\verb$\propagator$\txcol also works. +Both are just TikZ' \vercol\verb$\draw$\txcol command, +and thus can access all styles defined in TikZ-Feynman. +The minimal example \vercol\verb$\propag[fer] (a) to (b);$\txcol +draws a fermion propagator from vertex (a) and (b). +Below we list all propagator styles and draw examples. +FeynHand uses intuitive 3/6-letter versions, but also keeps TikZ-Feynman's longer ones: +% +\setlength{\extrarowheight}{3pt} +\begin{table}[H] + \centering + \begin{tabular}{r>{\qquad} r} + \hline + Short Version & Long Version + \\ + \hhline{==} + \verb$\propag$ & \verb$\propagator$\\ + \hline + \verb$fer$ & \verb$fermion$\\ + \verb$antfer$ & \verb$anti fermion$\\ + \hline + \verb$pho$ & \verb$photon$\\ + \hline + \verb$bos$ & \verb$boson$\\ + \verb$chabos$ & \verb$charged boson$\\ + \verb$antbos$ & \verb$anti charged boson$\\ + \hline + \verb$glu$ & \verb$gluon$\\ + \hline + % + \end{tabular} + \qquad\qquad\qquad + \begin{tabular}{r>{\qquad} r} + \hline + Short Version & Long Version + \\ + \hhline{==} + \verb$sca$ & \verb$scalar$\\ + \verb$chasca$ & \verb$charged scalar$\\ + \verb$antsca$ & \verb$anti charged scalar$\\ + \hline + \verb$gho$ & \verb$ghost$\\ + \verb$chagho$ & \verb$charged ghost$\\ + \verb$antgho$ & \verb$anti charged ghost$\\ + \hline + \verb$maj$ & \verb$majorana$\\ + \verb$antmaj$ & \verb$anti majorana$\\ + \hline + % + \end{tabular} +\end{table} +% +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Fermions} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[fer] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_fermion} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[fer] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +\\ +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propagator[antfer] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_antfer} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propagator[antfer] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Gluons} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[glu] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_gluon} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[glu] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,1); + \propag[glu] (a) to [out=0, in=180] (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_gluon_out_in} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,1); + \propag[gluon] (a) to [out=0, in=180] (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Bosons (photons are just bosons)} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[bos] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_boson} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[bos] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[pho] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_photon} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[pho] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,-1); + \propag[bos] (a) to [out=0, in=90] (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_boson_out_in} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,-1); + \propag[bos] (a) to [out=0, in=90] (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Charged bosons} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[chabos] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_chabos} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[chabos] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[antbos] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_antbos} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[antbos] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\newpage +\subsubsection*{Scalars} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[sca] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_scalar} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[sca] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,1); + \propag[sca] (a) to [out=0, in=180] (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_scalar_out_in} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,1); + \propag[sca] (a) to [out=0, in=180] (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\vspace{-6mm} +\subsubsection*{Charged scalars} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[chasca] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_chasca} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[chasca] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[antsca] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_antsca} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[antsca] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Ghosts} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[gho] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_ghost} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[gho] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,1); + \propag[gho] (a) to [out=0, in=180] (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_ghost_out_in} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,1); + \propag[gho] (a) to [out=0, in=180] (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Charged ghosts} +% +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[chagho] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_chaghost} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[chagho] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[antgho] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_antghost} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[antgho] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Majorana} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[maj] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_major} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[maj] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[antmaj] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_antmaj} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[antmaj] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +% ------------------------------------------------------ +\subsubsection*{Linked propagators} +% +\noindent +We can also draw "chains" of propagators from one vertex to the next to the next etc.~using +TikZ' \blucol\verb$\graph$\txcol command. +Then, all style options are attached to the connector \blucol\verb$--$\txcol +as in the following example. +\\ + +% +\begin{minipage}{0.75\linewidth} +\blucol\begin{verbatim} + \graph {(a0) --[fer,green!50!black] + (a1) --[glu,red] + (a2) --[chabos,blue] (a3)}; + + \graph {(b0) --[fer, red, in=180, out=270, insertion=0.8] + (b1) --[glu, edge label =$k$] + (b2) --[chabos, blue, mom={[arrow style=blue] $q$}] (b3)}; +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +% +\begin{minipage}{0.23\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_chain} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a0) at (0,2); \vertex (a1) at (1,2); + \vertex (a2) at (2,2); \vertex (a3) at (3,2); + \vertex (b0) at (0,1); \vertex (b1) at (1,0); + \vertex (b2) at (2,0); \vertex (b3) at (3,1); + \graph {(a0) --[fer, green!50!black] (a1) --[glu, red] (a2) --[chabos, blue] (a3)}; + \graph {(b0) --[fer, red, in=180, out=270, insertion=0.8] + (b1) --[glu, edge label =$k$] (b2) --[chabos, blue, mom={[arrow style=blue] $q$}] (b3)}; + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +\newpage\subsubsection{Keys: In, Out, Looseness, Left/Right, Half/Quarter} +\label{sec:_feynmandiagrams_keysinoutetc} +% +\noindent +The keys \vercol\verb$in, out$\txcol specify the angle +at which the line leaves and enters the vertices. +The angle is with respect to the coordinate system: +0 degrees is right, 90 up, 180 left, 270 down. +\vspace{2mm}\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[fer] (a) to [out=90, in=90] (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_keys_out_in} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \propag[fer] (a) to [out=90, in=90] (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +The key \vercol\verb$looseness$\txcol specifies +how loose (distant) the arc is bending away +from the straight line connecting the vertices. +Its default value is 1. +\vspace{2mm}\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \vertex (c) at (3,0); \vertex (d) at (5,0); + \propag[fer] (a) to [in=90, out=90] (b); + \propag[fer] (c) to [in=90, out=90, looseness=1.5] (d); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_keys_looseness} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \vertex (c) at (3,0); \vertex (d) at (5,0); + \propag[fer] (a) to [in=90, out=90] (b); + \propag[fer] (c) to [in=90, out=90, looseness=1.5] (d); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +The keys \vercol\verb$half left, half right, quarter left, quarter right$\txcol +specify that the line is a half/quarter circle bending to the left/right +with respect to the line's direction. +\vspace{2mm}\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \vertex (c) at (3,1); \vertex (d) at (5,1); + \propag[fer] (a) to [half left] (b); + \propag[fer] (c) to [half right, looseness=1.5] (d); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_keys_half} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \vertex (c) at (3,1); \vertex (d) at (5,1); + \propag[fer] (a) to [half left] (b); + \propag[fer] (c) to [half right, looseness=1.5] (d); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +\begin{minipage}{0.7\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \vertex (c) at (3,1); \vertex (d) at (4,0); + \propag[fer] (a) to [quarter left] (b); + \propag[fer] (c) to [quarter right, looseness=1.5] (d); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.25\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_keys_quarter} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,0); + \vertex (c) at (3,1); \vertex (d) at (4,0); + \propag[fer] (a) to [quarter left] (b); + \propag[fer] (c) to [quarter right, looseness=1.5] (d); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +\vspace{-6mm} +\subsubsection{Propagator labels and momentum arrows} +\label{sec:_feynmandiagrams_proplabelsmomentum} +% +\noindent +In order to include a label to a propagator line, +we can use TikZ's \blucol\verb!edge label!\txcol key, +see Section~14.13 in the TikZ/PGF Manual \cite{tikz}. +\blucol\verb!edge label!\txcol sets a propagator label +to the left of the propagator line, and the primed version +\blucol\verb!edge label'!\txcol sets one to its right, +see the following example. +Left and right are relative with respect to the line's direction. +\vspace{2mm}\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.83\linewidth} +\blucol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a1) at (0,0); \vertex (a2) at (1,1.5); + \vertex (b1) at (1.5,1.5); \vertex (b2) at (2.5,0); + \propag [fer, Orange] (a1) to [edge label = $k$] (a2); + \propag [fer, Blue] (b1) to [edge label'= $p'$] (b2); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.16\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_label} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a1) at (0,0); \vertex (a2) at (1,1.5); + \vertex (b1) at (1.5,1.5); \vertex (b2) at (2.5,0); + \propag [fer, RedOrange] (a1) to [edge label = $k$] (a2); + \propag [fer, Blue] (b1) to [edge label'= $p'$] (b2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +In order to add arrows indicating the momentum's direction to a propagator line, +we can use the key \blucol\verb!momentum!\txcol. +The key \blucol\verb!reversed momentum!\txcol draws the arrow in the reverse direction, +and a prime changes the side on which the arrow appears, as above. +FeynHand also offers the 3/6-letter shorthands \blucol\verb!mom!\txcol +and \blucol\verb!revmom!\txcol. +The momentum arrows \emph{do not} inherit the drawing style of the propagator line, +and hence their style can be specified by an extra argument. +\vspace{2mm}\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.83\linewidth} +\blucol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a1) at (0,0); \vertex (a2) at (1,1.5); + \vertex (b1) at (1.5,1.5); \vertex (b2) at (2.5,0); + \propag [fer, Orange, mom={[arrow style=Orange] $k$}] (a1) to (a2); + \propag [fer, Blue, revmom'={[arrow style=Blue] $p'$}] (b1) to (b2); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.16\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_arrows} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a1) at (0,0); \vertex (a2) at (1,1.5); + \vertex (b1) at (1.5,1.5); \vertex (b2) at (2.5,0); + \propag [fer, RedOrange, mom={[arrow style=RedOrange] $k$}] (a1) to (a2); + \propag [fer, Blue, revmom'={[arrow style=Blue] $p'$}] (b1) to (b2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +Note that \blucol\verb!edge label!\txcol +is an option of the \blucol\verb!to!\txcol key, +whereas \blucol\verb!momentum!\txcol is an option +of the \blucol\verb!\propag!\txcol command. +% +% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +\vspace{-3mm} +\subsubsection{Insertions} +\label{sec:_feynmandiagrams_propagators_insertions} +% +\noindent +Insertions can be placed on propagator lines as in the examples below. +The values indicate the fraction of the propagator line's length +at which the insertion marks are drawn. +\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.83\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex [dot] (a1) at (0,0) {}; \vertex [dot] (a2) at (2,0) {}; + \propag [chabos, red, insertion=0.25, insertion=0.75] (a1) to (a2); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.16\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_insertion_1} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex [dot] (a1) at (0,0) {}; + \vertex [dot] (a2) at (2,0) {}; + \propag [chabos, red, insertion=0.25, insertion=0.75] (a1) to (a2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +\begin{minipage}{0.83\linewidth} +\vercol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex [ringdot] (a1) at (0,0) {}; \vertex [ringdot] (a2) at (2,0) {}; + \propag [chabos, red, insertion={[size=6pt,style=Green]0.25}] (a1) to (a2); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.16\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_insertion_2} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex [ringdot] (a1) at (0,0) {}; + \vertex [ringdot] (a2) at (2,0) {}; + \propag [chabos, red, insertion={[size=6pt,style=Green]0.25}] (a1) to (a2); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} + +% +% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- +\subsubsection{Crossing propagators (one on top of the other)} +\label{sec:_feynmandiagrams_propagators_top} +% +\noindent +Crossings often indicate that the propagators merely cross on paper +without any physical interaction being implied. +First, draw the propagator line to become crossed/interrupted, +then draw the crossing propagator on top of it by specifying +the additional style key \blucol\verb$top$\txcol. +For more intricate networks of crossing propagators, you can place auxiliary vertices +to break the propagators into parts if necessary, +and then place the respective parts on top of each other. + +If due to the crossings you wish to move the arrows of charged particles, +specify \blucol\verb$with arrow=VALUE$\txcol, +respectively \blucol\verb$with reversed arrow=VALUE$\txcol for antiparticles. +\blucol\verb$VALUE$\txcol must be a number between 0 and 1, +and indicates the fraction of propagator length at which TikZ inserts the arrow. +The default value of \blucol\verb$VALUE$\txcol is 0.5. +\vspace{2mm}\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.8\linewidth} +\blucol\begin{verbatim} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,1); + \vertex (c) at (0,1); \vertex (d) at (2,0); + \propag [chabos, Orange, with arrow=0.25] (c) to (d); + \propag [fer, Blue, top] (a) to (b); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.15\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_gap_up} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,1); + \vertex (c) at (0,1); \vertex (d) at (2,0); + \propag [chabos, Orange, with arrow=0.25] (c) to (d); + \propag [fer, Blue, top] (a) to (b); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +% +\begin{minipage}{0.8\linewidth} +\blucol\begin{verbatim} + ... + \propag[gluon, blue] (a) to [out=0, in=180] (b); + \propag[gluon, top] (c) to [out=0, in=180] (d); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.15\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{propag_gluon_gap} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \begin{feynhand} + \vertex (a) at (0,0); \vertex (b) at (2,1); + \vertex (c) at (0,1); \vertex (d) at (2,0); + \propag[gluon, blue] (a) to [out=0, in=180] (b); + \propag[gluon, top] (c) to [out=0, in=180] (d); + \end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\subsection{Customizing styles} +\label{sec:_feynmandiagrams_customizing} +% +FeynHand provides the following shortcuts for quickly modifying styles. +Note that any change of these lengths at some point in the code +affects all diagrams that come after this point. +Also recall that if you externalize graphics (see Sec.~\ref{Apx_tikzbasics_externalize}), +then TikZ refreshes pictures \emph{only} when their source code is changed. +Hence to see the effect of such length changes, +delete the external PDF-files or use \vercol\verb$\tikzset{external/force remake}$\txcol. +% +\begin{itemize} + \item + \vercol\verb$\setlength{\feynhanddotsize}{2mm}$\txcol + sets the diameter of the dots to 2mm (default: 1.5mm). + % + \item + \vercol\verb$\setlength{\feynhandblobsize}{10mm}$\txcol + sets the diameter of the blobs to 10mm (default: 7.5mm). + % + \item + \vercol\verb$\setlength{\feynhandlinesize}{2pt}$\txcol + sets the thickness of the propagator lines to 2pt (default: 0.5pt).\\ + Also the lines of dots and blobs use this thickness.\\ + The momentum arrows' line thickness scales as 0.64 times this value. + Also the amplitudes\\ + and section lengths of the boson and photon waves + and of the gluon curls scale with this value. + % + \item + \vercol\verb$\setlength{\feynhandarrowsize}{8pt}$\txcol + sets the size of the arrows to 8pt (default: 6pt)\\ + on all charged propagator lines + \vercol\verb$(fer, antfer, chabos, antbos, chasca, antsca, chagho, antgho)$\txcol\\ + and majorana lines \vercol\verb$(maj, antmaj).$\txcol + The momentum arrows' tip size scales as 0.8 times this value. + % + \item + \vercol\verb$\setlength{\feynhandtopsep}{8pt}$\txcol + sets the width of the crossing gap for propagators on top of each other. + The default value is \vercol\verb$18\feynhandlinesize$\txcol. + % + \item + \vercol\verb$\renewcommand{\feynhandtopsepcolor}{yellow}$\txcol + sets the color of the crossing gap (default is white). + % +\end{itemize} +% +\noindent +\begin{minipage}{0.6\linewidth} +Example diagram drawn with default values: +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.38\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{tikz_customize_default} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} +\begin{feynhand} + \vertex [ringdot] (a) at (0,0) {}; + \vertex [NWblob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex [crossdot] (c1) at (4,0.5) {}; + \vertex [dot] (c2) at (5,-0.5) {}; + \vertex [dot] (d) at (3,-0.5) {}; + \propag [chasca, Green] (a) to (b); + \propag [gluon, Blue] (b) to (c2); + \propag [fer, top] (d) to (c1); + \propag [chabos, RedOrange, momentum={[arrow style=RedOrange] $k$}] (b) to (c1); +\end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +\noindent +\begin{minipage}{0.6\linewidth} +Same diagram (same TikZ/FeynHand code) drawn after setting: +\vercol\begin{verbatim} +\setlength{\feynhanddotsize}{2mm} +\setlength{\feynhandblobsize}{10mm} +\setlength{\feynhandlinesize}{1pt} +\setlength{\feynhandarrowsize}{9pt} +\setlength{\feynhandtopsep}{3mm} +\renewcommand{\feynhandtopsepcolor}{yellow} +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\setlength{\feynhanddotsize}{2mm} +\setlength{\feynhandblobsize}{10mm} +\setlength{\feynhandlinesize}{1pt} +\setlength{\feynhandarrowsize}{9pt} +\setlength{\feynhandtopsep}{3mm} +\renewcommand{\feynhandtopsepcolor}{yellow} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.38\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{tikz_customize_big} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} +\begin{feynhand} + \vertex [ringdot] (a) at (0,0) {}; + \vertex [NWblob] (b) at (2,0) {}; + \vertex [crossdot] (c1) at (4,0.5) {}; + \vertex [dot] (c2) at (5,-0.5) {}; + \vertex [dot] (d) at (3,-0.5) {}; + \propag [chasca, Green] (a) to (b); + \propag [gluon, Blue] (b) to (c2); + \propag [fer, top] (d) to (c1); + \propag [chabos, RedOrange, momentum={[arrow style=RedOrange] $k$}] (b) to (c1); +\end{feynhand} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% set again the default values +\setlength{\feynhanddotsize}{1.5mm} +\setlength{\feynhandblobsize}{7.5mm} +\setlength{\feynhandlinesize}{0.5pt} +\setlength{\feynhandarrowsize}{6pt} +\setlength{\feynhandtopsep}{18\feynhandlinesize} +\renewcommand{\feynhandtopsepcolor}{white} +% +The color of a vertex/propagator style can be set for all subsequent diagrams +in the current local Tex group (e.g. document or equation, figure, minipage environment) +by the command \vercol\verb$\tikzfeynhandset$\txcol with the key \vercol\verb$every$\txcol: +% +\vercol\begin{verbatim} +\tikzfeynhandset{every particle={/tikz/color=blue}, every dot={/tikz/color=red},} +\tikzfeynhandset{every fermion={/tikz/color=green},} +\end{verbatim}\txcol + +% +% ===================================================================== +% ===================================================================== +% ===== APPENDICES ============================================ +% +\appendix +% +\section{TikZ Basics} +\label{Apx_tikzbasics} +% +This appendix summarizes a few things that can be done with TikZ, +just enough for getting started quickly.\\ +You can discover much more, and I recommend +becoming familiar with the TikZ/PGF Manual \cite{tikz} bit by bit. + +% ===================================================================== +\subsection{Environment} +\label{Apx_tikzbasics_environment} +% +\noindent +All TikZ commands are used within the +\brocol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol environment. +All TikZ commands that we mention are understood +as appearing in this environment. +When we want to use captions and labels, we enclose it in the +\brocol\verb$figure$\txcol environment, but it can be called +anywhere in the text or math of a Tex document:\\ + +\noindent +\begin{minipage}{0.6\linewidth} +\brocol\begin{verbatim} +\begin{figure} + \centering +%\tikzset{external/force remake} + \begin{tikzpicture} + + ... TikZ commands ... + + \end{tikzpicture} + \caption{A diagram drawn with TikZ.} + \label{Fig:_diagram1} +\end{figure} +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.39\linewidth} +\brocol\begin{verbatim} +\begin{align*} + \int dx\; f(x) = + \alpha +%\tikzset{external/force remake} + \begin{tikzpicture} + + ... TikZ commands ... + + \end{tikzpicture} +\end{align*} +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +% ===================================================================== +\subsection{Layers} +\label{Apx_tikzbasics_layers} +% +\noindent +In general, objects that are drawn later in the code appear +on top of objects that are drawn earlier (if they overlap). +If we need to declare explicitly which objects +we want to appear on top of other objects, +then we can use layers. + +Layers are first declared with \brocol\verb$\pgfdeclarelayer$\txcol +as in the following example, and then their order is set up +from backmost to foremost with \brocol\verb$\pgfsetlayers$\txcol. +The layer \brocol\verb$main$\txcol is predefined and does not need +to be declared, but it must always be included in the order setup, +for example: +% +\brocol\begin{verbatim} +\pgfdeclarelayer{background} +\pgfdeclarelayer{foreground} +\pgfsetlayers{background,main,foreground} +\end{verbatim}\txcol +% +All drawing commands by default are placed on the layer +\brocol\verb$main$\txcol. +For placing them on other layers, they must be enclosed in the +\brocol\verb$\pgfonlayer$\txcol environment as in the following example +(the \brocol\verb$opacity$\txcol option is optional).\\ + +\noindent +\begin{minipage}{0.83\linewidth} +\brocol\begin{verbatim} + \begin{pgfonlayer}{foreground} + \filldraw[fill=Orange, draw=Red, opacity=0.7] (1,0) circle [radius=6mm]; + \end{pgfonlayer} + \filldraw[fill=Blue, draw=black] (1,0) circle [radius=9mm]; +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.16\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{tikz_layers} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \pgfdeclarelayer{foreground} + \pgfsetlayers{main,foreground} + \begin{pgfonlayer}{foreground} + \filldraw[fill=Orange,draw=Red, opacity=0.7] (1,0) circle [radius=6mm]; + \end{pgfonlayer} + \filldraw[fill=Yellow,draw=black] (0,0) circle [radius=8mm]; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ===================================================================== +\subsection{Drawing objects} +\label{Apx_tikzbasics_drawing} +% +\noindent +All drawing commands must end with a \;;\; (semicolon). +% +% ===================================================================== +\subsubsection{Text and formulas} +% +\noindent +Plain text and LaTex math formulas can be inserted anywhere +in the graphic with TikZ' \brocol\verb$node$\txcol command. +The text is centered at the node's coordinates:\\ + +\noindent +\begin{minipage}{0.83\linewidth} +\brocol\begin{verbatim} + \filldraw[fill=Yellow, draw=Red] (0,0) circle [radius=1cm]; + \node at (-0.8,-0.3) {\textcolor{Blue}{\bfseries Yes! $\alpha^2$}}; +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.16\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{tikz_text_math} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \filldraw[fill=Yellow, draw=Red] (0,0) circle [radius=1cm]; + \node at (-0.8,-0.3) {\textcolor{Blue}{\bfseries Yes! $\alpha^2$}}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% +% ===================================================================== +\subsubsection{Lines: straight and smooth} +% +\noindent +A straight line from node (a) to node (b) is drawn by\\ + +\noindent +\begin{minipage}{0.83\linewidth} +\brocol\begin{verbatim} + \draw [Red, line width = 2pt] (a1) to (a2); + \draw (b1) to [Blue] (b2); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.16\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{tikz_lines_straight} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \node (a1) at (0,0) {}; + \node (a2) at (1,0.5) {}; + \node (b1) at (2,0) {}; + \node (b2) at (3,0.5) {}; + \draw [Red, line width = 2pt] (a1) to (a2); + \draw (b1) to [Blue] (b2); +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +A smooth curve which leaves (a) at an angle of 45 degrees +and enters (b) at 180 degrees is drawn by\\ + +\noindent +\begin{minipage}{0.83\linewidth} +\brocol\begin{verbatim} + \draw [Green, line width=1mm] (a1) to [out=45, in=180] (a2); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.16\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{tikz_lines_in_out} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \node (a1) at (0,0) {}; + \node (a2) at (1,0.5) {}; + \draw [Green, line width=1mm] (a1) to [out=45, in=180] (a2); +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +\\ +\noindent +The angles are with respect to the coordinate system, that is: +0 degrees points right, 90 up, 180 left and 270 down. +% +% +% ===================================================================== +\subsubsection{Lines with arrows} +% +Lines can be equipped with arrows by specifying this +in the options of \brocol\verb$\draw$\txcol as inthe examples below. +The most basic arrow styles are: +\brocol\verb$>, Latex, Stealth, Circle, Bar$\txcol. +Note the extra curly braces!\\ + +\noindent +\begin{minipage}{0.87\linewidth} +\brocol\begin{verbatim} +\draw [->] (a1) to (a2); +\draw [<->,Red, line width = 1pt] (b1) to [out=45, in=135] (b2); +\draw [{Circle[width=5pt,length=5pt]}-{Latex[length=8pt,width=6pt]}] (c1) to (c2); +\draw [{Bar[Red,width=8pt]}-{Stealth[length=8pt, width=6pt]}] (d1) to (d2); +\end{verbatim}\txcol +\end{minipage} +% +\begin{minipage}{0.12\linewidth} +\tikzsetnextfilename{tikz_arrows} +%\tikzset{external/force remake} +\begin{tikzpicture} + \node (a1) at (0,0) {}; + \node (a2) at (2,0) {}; + \node (b1) at (0,-0.7) {}; + \node (b2) at (2,-0.7) {}; + \node (c1) at (0,-1) {}; + \node (c2) at (2,-1) {}; + \node (d1) at (0,-1.5) {}; + \node (d2) at (2,-1.5) {}; + \draw [->] (a1) to (a2); + \draw [<->,Red, line width = 1pt] (b1) to [out=45, in=135] (b2); + \draw [{Circle[width=5pt,length=5pt]}-{Latex[length=8pt, width=6pt]}] (c1) to (c2); + \draw [{Bar[Red,width=8pt]}-{Stealth[length=8pt, width=6pt]}] (d1) to (d2); +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{minipage} +% +% ===================================================================== +\subsection{Externalizing graphics} +\label{Apx_tikzbasics_externalize} +% +\noindent +Externalizing means that TikZ creates a separate PDF file +for each \brocol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol environment +which it encounters in the document. +That is, when a \brocol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol is encountered, +TikZ checks whether there is already a corresponding PDF, +and if so, then it includes this PDF with \brocol\verb$\includegraphics$\txcol +and ignores the code in the \brocol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol, +else it creates the corresponding PDF such that it can be used +in the next LaTex run. +Using the external PDFs can speed up the LaTex runs significantly. +TikZ also takes care of vertically positioning the externalized PDFs +according to the \brocol\verb$baseline$\txcol option +when it is used with \brocol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol +(this is what the .dpth files are for). +TikZ recognizes automatically when the TikZ code of a graphic has been modified, +and generates fresh PDFs \emph{only} for these modified graphics in the next LaTex run. + +In order to activate externalizing, we need to load the library with +\brocol\verb$\usetikzlibrary{external}$\txcol +(which both TikZ-Feynman and FeynHand do automatically) +and put a \brocol\verb$\tikzexternalize[prefix=graphics/tikz/]$\txcol +somewhere above the \brocol\verb$\begin{document}$\txcol command. +Here, we use the \brocol\verb$prefix$\txcol option +for telling TikZ that we want the external files to be created +in the subdirectory \brocol\verb$graphics/tikz/$\txcol of the current dirctory. +It may come in handy to have the TikZ-generated files +in a subfolder separate from the other external graphic files. +For example, in order to assure that the final document contains +the final version of all graphics, we can force TikZ to refresh them +by deleting all external PDFs created by TikZ. +Having these in the separate subfolder avoids deleting graphics from other sources. +Alternatively, we can include \brocol\verb$\tikzset{external/force remake}$\txcol +in the document's preamble to force refresh all external PDFs. +Including \brocol\verb$\tikzset{external/force remake}$\txcol +in a local Tex group force refreshes all external PDFs in this group +(e.g.~an equation, figure or minipage environment). + +We also have to tell LaTex to use shell escaping +in order to enable it to create the external files. +TexLive ships with the TexWorks editor, in which this can be achieved +by going to the Edit menu and selecting Preferences. +Next choose the Typesetting rider, select PdfLatex in +the Processing Tools window, and add the argument +-shell-escape by clicking on the + button. +Then, move it to the top of the list by clicking on the up-arrow button. +This should look somewhat like Figure~\ref{Fig:_shell_escape}. +% +\begin{figure} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{shell_escape.jpg} + \caption{TexWorks screenshot.} + \label{Fig:_shell_escape} +\end{figure} + +TikZ creates filenames automatically for the externalized PDFs. +For later use of these, it is often preferrable +to specify these filenames by hand with the +\brocol\verb$\tikzsetnextfilename$\txcol command, +which needs to be placed right above +the \brocol\verb$\begin{tikzpicture}$\txcol +of the corresponding graphic. +For example, \brocol\verb$\tikzsetnextfilename{scatter}$\txcol +tells TikZ to store the next graphic as \brocol\verb$scatter.pdf$\txcol + +Apart from speeding up LaTex runs, the external files can also be used +for submissions to journals which do not support TikZ. +One way of doing this works without modifying the graphics' code: +Instead of \brocol\verb$\usepackage{tikz}$\txcol +respectively \brocol\verb$\usepackage{feynhand}$\txcol +we put \brocol\verb$\usepackage{tikzexternal}$\txcol +and include the file \brocol\verb$tikzexternal.sty$\txcol +in our submissions. It basically tells LaTex to ignore +the code in the \brocol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol environments +and to use the external PDFs instead. +% +If this does not work, then another way is to replace the figures' +\brocol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol environments by +\brocol\verb$\includegraphics{tikz/filename.pdf}$\txcol +and the equations' \brocol\verb$tikzpicture$\txcol environments +by \brocol\verb$\vcenterbox{\includegraphics{tikz/filename.pdf}}$\txcol +commands, having defined in the preamble: +% +\brocol +\begin{verbatim} + \graphicspath{{graphics/}} % mind the double brackets! + \newcommand{\vcenterbox}[2][0.5]{\raisebox{-#1\height}{#2}} + % \vcenterbox centers the box's content (argument #2) vertically on the baseline. + % The optional argument #1 is for fine adjustment: + % values between 0 and 0.5 raise the box's center above the baseline, + % values between 0.5 and 1 push the box's center below the baseline. +\end{verbatim} +\txcol +% +% ===================================================================== +% ===================================================================== +% ===== BIBLIOGRAPHY ========================================== +% +\begin{thebibliography}{} +% +\bibitem{tikz} J.~Cr{\'emer}: A very minimal introduction to TikZ,\; + T.~Tantau et al.: TikZ {\&} PGF Manual,\newline + both available at \texttt{https://www.ctan.org/pkg/pgf} +% +\bibitem{tikzfeynman} J.~Ellis: TikZ-Feynman package documentation,%\newline + available at \texttt{https://www.ctan.org/pkg/tikz-feynman} +% +\bibitem{tikzfeynmanArticle} J.~Ellis: TikZ-Feynman: Feynman diagrams with TikZ, + Computer Physics Comm. \textbf{210}, p.103-123, 2017.\newline + \texttt{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2016.08.019}\newline + \texttt{http://arxiv.org/abs/1601.05437} +% +\end{thebibliography}{} +% +% +% ===================================================================== +% +\end{document} +% +% + |
