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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/fascicules/guide/content/ch3_graphiques.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/fascicules/guide/content/ch3_graphiques.tex new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..1442969db49 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/fascicules/guide/content/ch3_graphiques.tex @@ -0,0 +1,165 @@ +\chapter{Réaliser des graphiques} +\backgroundimage{img/ch3} +\thispagestyle{chapterpage} + +\newpage + +\section{Le package tikz-pgf} + +Il existe de nombreux paquets qui permettent de faire des graphiques. L'un des paquets les plus riches est \verb|pgf| (\url{https://www.ctan.org/pkg/pgf}) . Son manuel d'utilisation fait 1161 pages ! On peut trouver des exemples de ce qu'on peut faire sur le site \href{http://www.texample.net/tikz/examples/area/mathematics/}{texample.net}. + +Pour les besoins d'un manuel de maths, voici les graphiques que j'utilise de plus souvent: + + +\section{Graphiques de fonctions} + +\subsection*{Fonction définie par une expression} + + + +\begin{tcblisting}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,listing above text} +\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,general] + \window{-6}{8}{-30}{50} + \begin{windowsratio} + \draw[xstep=1,ystep=10,grid] (\Xmin,\Ymin) grid (\Xmax,\Ymax); + \axeH;\axeV;\tickX;\tickY[10]; + \node[below left] at (0,0) {0 }; + \clip (\Xmin,\Ymin) rectangle (\Xmax,\Ymax); + \def \f{-\x^3+5*(\x)^2+10*\x-15}; + \draw[samples=100,domain=-6:8,courbe] + plot(\x,{\f}); + \end{windowsratio} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{tcblisting} + + + + + + + +L'argument \verb|general| permet d'avoir le même style pour toutes les figures (par exemple la couleur et l'épaisseur du quadrillage). + +Les commandes \verb|\window|, \verb|\axeH|, \verb|\axeV|, \verb|\tickX| et \verb|\tickY| ainsi que l'environnement \verb|windowsratio| sont propres au package \verb|eshmathbook|. + +Les autres commandes appartiennent au package \verb|pgf|. + + +\subsection*{Courbe qui passe par des points donnés} + + +\begin{tcblisting}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,listing above text} +\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1,general] + \window{-8}{5}{-5}{5} %\Xmin \Xmax \Ymin \Ymax + \begin{windowsratio} + \draw[xstep=1,ystep=1,grid] (\Xmin,\Ymin) grid (\Xmax,\Ymax); + \axeH;\axeV;\tickX;\tickY; + \node[below left] at (0,0) {0 }; + \clip (\Xmin,\Ymin) rectangle (\Xmax,\Ymax); + \draw[courbe] plot[smooth,tension=0.8] coordinates {(-7,2) (-6,-2) (-5,-3) (-4,-2) (-3,1)(-2,2) (-1,1) (0,-1) (1,-2) (2,-1) (4,3)}; + \node[above left,color=blue] at (-2,2) {$y=f(x)$}; + \draw[line width=1.2pt,courbe,color=blue] plot[only marks,mark=*,mark options={scale=2}] coordinates {(-7,2) (4,3)}; + \end{windowsratio} +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{tcblisting} + + +\section{Arbres pondérés} + +\subsection*{Arbre à deux fois deux branches} + + +\begin{tcblisting}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,listing above text} +\begin{tikzpicture}[level distance=20mm] % la longueur des branches +\tikzstyle{level 1}=[sibling distance=20mm] % espace vertical +\tikzstyle{level 2}=[sibling distance=10mm] +\node {} [grow=right] +child {node {$\overline{A}$} + child {node {$\overline{B}$} + edge from parent node[below]{$0,97$} + } + child {node {$B$} + edge from parent node[above]{$0,03$} + } + edge from parent node[below]{$0,95$} +} +child {node {$A$} + child {node {$\overline{B}$} + edge from parent node[below]{$0,04$} + } + child {node {$B$} + edge from parent node[above]{$0,96$} + } + edge from parent node[above]{$0,05$} +}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{tcblisting} + + + +\subsection*{Arbre de trois fois deux branches} + + + +\begin{tcblisting}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,listing above text} +\begin{tikzpicture}[level distance=20mm] +\tikzstyle{level 1}=[sibling distance=20mm] +\tikzstyle{level 2}=[sibling distance=10mm] +\node {} [grow=right] +child {node {$C$} + child {node {$\overline{E}$} + edge from parent node[below]{$0,97$} + } + child {node {$E$} + edge from parent node[above]{$0,03$} + } + edge from parent node[below]{$0,95$} +} +child {node {$B$} + child {node {$\overline{E}$} + edge from parent node[below]{$0,97$} + } + child {node {$E$} + edge from parent node[above]{$0,03$} + } + edge from parent node[below]{$0,95$} +} +child {node {$A$} + child {node {$\overline{E}$} + edge from parent node[below]{$0,04$} + } + child {node {$E$} + edge from parent node[above]{$0,96$} + } + edge from parent node[above]{$0,05$} +}; +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{tcblisting} + + + +\section{Géométrie dans l'espace} + + +\begin{tcblisting}{colback=red!5!white,colframe=red!75!black,listing above text} +\begin{tikzpicture}[x={(-1cm,-0.3cm)},z={(0cm,1cm)},y={(0.5cm,-0.5cm)}] + +\draw[->] (0,0,0)--(5,0,0) node[below] {$x$}; +\draw[->] (0,0,0)--(0,5,0) node[right] {$y$}; +\draw[->] (0,0,0)--(0,0,5) node[above] {$z$}; +\foreach \x in {1,2,3,4} \draw (\x,0,0)--(\x,0.2,0); +\foreach \x in {1,...,5} + {\draw[color=blue] (0,\x,0)--(0,\x,5); + \draw[color=blue] (0,0,\x)--(0,5,\x);} +\node[above left] at (1,0,0) {$1$}; +\node[below] at (0,1,0) {$1$}; +\node[left] at (0,0,1) {$1$}; +\node[below] at (0,0,0) {0}; + +\draw[dashed] (5,1,4)--(-3,5,0); +\draw[color=green!50!black] plot[mark=*] coordinates {(5,1,4)} node[right]{$A$}; +\draw[color=green!50!black] plot[mark=*] coordinates {(3,2,3)} node[right]{$B$}; +\draw[color=green!50!black] plot[mark=*] coordinates {(-3,5,0)} node[right]{$C$}; + +\end{tikzpicture} +\end{tcblisting} |