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-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/web2c.info1030
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/web2c.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/web2c.info
index 19bf29f3409..f287a96a42c 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/web2c.info
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/web2c.info
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This file documents the installation and use of the programs in Web2c,
an implementation of Donald Knuth's TeX system.
Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
-2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010-2020 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
+2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010-2021 Karl Berry & Olaf Weber.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* mf: (web2c)mf invocation. Creating typeface families.
* mft: (web2c)mft invocation. Prettyprinting Metafont source.
* mltex: (web2c)MLTeX. Multi-lingual TeX.
-* mpost: (web2c)mpost invocation. Creating technical diagrams.
+* mpost: (web2c)mpost invocation. Generating PostScript.
* patgen: (web2c)patgen invocation. Creating hyphenation patterns.
* pktogf: (web2c)pktogf invocation. Packed to generic fonts.
* pktype: (web2c)pktype invocation. PK to human-readable text.
@@ -58,13 +58,14 @@ Web2c
This document describes how to install and use the programs in the Web2c
implementation of the TeX system, especially for Unix systems. It
-corresponds to Web2c version 2020, released in March 2020.
+corresponds to Web2c version 2021, released in February 2021.
* Menu:
* Introduction:: A brief introduction.
* Installation:: How to compile and install Web2c.
* Commonalities:: Option syntax, standard options, memory dumps.
+* Three programs:: TeX, Metafont, MetaPost have much in common.
* TeX:: Typesetting.
* Metafont:: Typeface design.
* MetaPost:: Technical illustrations.
@@ -82,11 +83,11 @@ File: web2c.info, Node: Introduction, Next: Installation, Prev: Top, Up: Top
1 Introduction
**************
-This manual corresponds to version 2020 of Web2c, released in March
-2020.
+This manual corresponds to version 2021 of Web2c, released in February
+2021.
"Web2c" is the name of a TeX implementation, originally for Unix, but
-now also running under DOS, Amiga, and other operating systems. By "TeX
+now also running under various operating systems. By "TeX
implementation", we mean all of the standard programs developed by the
Stanford TeX project directed by Donald E. Knuth: Metafont, DVItype,
GFtoDVI, BibTeX, Tangle, etc., as well as TeX itself. Other programs
@@ -108,15 +109,16 @@ Web2c.
Different parts of the Web2c distribution have different licensing
terms, however, reflecting the different circumstances of their
creation; consult each source file for exact details. The main
-practical implication for redistributors of Web2c is that the
-executables are covered by the GNU General Public License, and therefore
-anyone who gets a binary distribution must also get the sources, as
-explained by the terms of the GPL (*note (kpathsea)Copying::). The GPL
-covers the Web2c executables, including 'tex', because the Free Software
-Foundation sponsored the initial development of the Kpathsea library
-that Web2c uses. The basic source files from Stanford, however, have
-their own copyright terms or are in the public domain, and are not
-covered by the GPL.
+practical implication for redistributors of Web2c is that most of the
+executables are covered by the GNU General Public License or GNU Lesser
+General Public License, and therefore anyone who gets a binary
+distribution must also be able to get the sources, as explained by the
+terms of the GPL (<https://gnu.org/licenses/>. The GPL covers the Web2c
+executables, including 'tex', because the Free Software Foundation
+sponsored the initial development of the Kpathsea library that Web2c
+uses. The basic source files from Stanford, however, have their own
+copyright terms or are in the public domain, and are not covered by the
+GPL.
History: Tomas Rokicki originated the TeX-to-C system in 1987,
working from the first change files for TeX under Unix, which were done
@@ -124,13 +126,14 @@ primarily by Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan then took over
development and maintenance for a number of years; the name changed to
Web-to-C somewhere in there. In 1990, Karl Berry became the maintainer.
He made many changes to the original sources, and started using the
-shorter name Web2c. In 1997, Olaf Weber took over. Dozens of other
-people have contributed; their names are listed in the 'ChangeLog'
-files.
-
- Other acknowledgements: The University of Massachusetts at Boston
-(particularly Rick Martin and Bob Morris) provided computers and ftp
-access to me for many years. Richard Stallman at the Free Software
+shorter name Web2c. In 1997, Olaf Weber took over, and then in 2006,
+Karl started taking care of it again. No significant development or
+changes have been needed for many years. Dozens of other people have
+contributed; their names are listed in the 'ChangeLog' files.
+
+ Other acknowledgements by Karl: The University of Massachusetts at
+Boston (particularly Rick Martin and Bob Morris) provided computers and
+ftp access to me for many years. Richard Stallman at the Free Software
Foundation employed me while I wrote the original path searching library
(for the GNU font utilities). (rms also gave us Emacs, GDB, and GCC,
without which I cannot imagine developing Web2c.) And, of course, TeX
@@ -187,7 +190,6 @@ See also the Web2c home page, <http://www.tug.org/web2c>.
* Compile-time options:: Unusual -D's.
* Additional targets:: Breaking down the task.
* Triptrap:: Running the torture tests.
-* Runtime options:: Array sizes and the like.

File: web2c.info, Node: configure options, Next: Compile-time options, Up: Installation
@@ -325,7 +327,7 @@ distribution (the one containing 'kpathsea/' and 'web2c/'), or in the
(respectively). See the next section.

-File: web2c.info, Node: Triptrap, Next: Runtime options, Prev: Additional targets, Up: Installation
+File: web2c.info, Node: Triptrap, Prev: Additional targets, Up: Installation
2.4 Trip, trap, and mptrap: Torture tests
=========================================
@@ -364,57 +366,13 @@ tests, run 'make check'. You can compare the output to the distributed
file 'tests/check.log' if you like.

-File: web2c.info, Node: Runtime options, Prev: Triptrap, Up: Installation
-
-2.5 Runtime options
-===================
-
-Besides the configure- and compile-time options described in the
-previous sections, you can control a number of parameters (in
-particular, array sizes) in the 'texmf.cnf' runtime file read by
-Kpathsea (*note (kpathsea)Config files::).
-
- Rather than exhaustively listing them here, please see the last
-section of the distributed 'kpathsea/texmf.cnf'. Some of the more
-interesting values:
-
-'main_memory'
- Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost.
- Must remake the format file after changing.
-
-'extra_mem_bot'
- Extra space for "large" TeX data structures: boxes, glue,
- breakpoints, et al. If you use PiCTeX, you may well want to set
- this.
-
-'font_mem_size'
- Words of font info available for TeX; this is approximately the
- total size of all TFM files read.
-
-'hash_extra'
- Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names.
- Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main
- hash table; if you have a large book with numerous
- cross-references, this might not be enough, and thus you will want
- to set 'hash_extra'.
-
- Of course, ideally all arrays would be dynamically expanded as
-necessary, so the only limiting factor would be the amount of swap space
-available. Unfortunately, implementing this is extremely difficult, as
-the fixed size of arrays is assumed in many places throughout the source
-code. These runtime limits are a practical compromise between the
-compile-time limits in previous versions, and truly dynamic arrays. (On
-the other hand, the Web2c BibTeX implementation does do dynamic
-reallocation of some arrays.)
-
-
-File: web2c.info, Node: Commonalities, Next: TeX, Prev: Installation, Up: Top
+File: web2c.info, Node: Commonalities, Next: Three programs, Prev: Installation, Up: Top
3 Commonalities
***************
Many aspects of the TeX system are the same among more than one program,
-so we describe all those pieces together, here.
+so we describe those pieces together, here.
* Menu:
@@ -422,7 +380,6 @@ so we describe all those pieces together, here.
* Common options:: -help -version -verbose, and TeX/MF/MP options.
* Path searching:: Features of the common path searching library.
* Output file location:: TEXMFOUTPUT allows output in places other than '.'.
-* Three programs:: TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a lot in common.

File: web2c.info, Node: Option conventions, Next: Common options, Up: Commonalities
@@ -482,6 +439,11 @@ identical descriptions for every program, they are described here.
TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of additional options in
common:
+'-cnf-line=STR'
+ Parse STR as if it were a line in the 'texmf.cnf' configuration
+ file, overriding all other settings. *Note (kpathsea)Path
+ searching options::.
+
'-file-line-error'
'-no-file-line-error'
Change (or do not change) the way error messages are printed. The
@@ -565,7 +527,8 @@ common:
'-8bit'
This option specifies that by default all characters should be
considered printable. If '-translate-file' was given as well, then
- the TCX file may mark characters as non-printable.
+ the TCX file may mark characters as non-printable. This is a no-op
+ in engines natively supporting Unicode.

File: web2c.info, Node: Path searching, Next: Output file location, Prev: Common options, Up: Commonalities
@@ -588,7 +551,7 @@ distributed (and installed by default) 'texfonts.map' includes aliases
for many widely available PostScript fonts by their PostScript names.

-File: web2c.info, Node: Output file location, Next: Three programs, Prev: Path searching, Up: Commonalities
+File: web2c.info, Node: Output file location, Prev: Path searching, Up: Commonalities
3.4 Output file location
========================
@@ -618,29 +581,94 @@ files that need to be subsequently read; for input, no suffixes (such as
the input name is simply checked as given.

-File: web2c.info, Node: Three programs, Prev: Output file location, Up: Commonalities
+File: web2c.info, Node: Three programs, Next: TeX, Prev: Commonalities, Up: Top
-3.5 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX
-===============================================
+4 Three programs: Metafont, MetaPost, and TeX
+*********************************************
TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost have a number of features in common.
-Besides the ones here, the common command-line options are described in
-the previous section. The configuration file options that let you
-control some array sizes and other features are described in *note
-Runtime options::.
+Besides the ones here, command-line options and other commonalities are
+described in the previous section.
* Menu:
+* Runtime options:: The 'texmf.cnf' configuration file.
* Initial and virgin:: Making memory dumps vs. production runs.
* Memory dumps:: .fmt/.base files for fast startup.
* Editor invocation:: The 'e' response at errors.
* \input filenames:: Filename delimiters and Kpathsea expansion.

-File: web2c.info, Node: Initial and virgin, Next: Memory dumps, Up: Three programs
+File: web2c.info, Node: Runtime options, Next: Initial and virgin, Up: Three programs
-3.5.1 Initial and virgin
-------------------------
+4.1 Runtime options
+===================
+
+Besides the configure- and compile-time options described in the
+installation section (*note Installation::), you can control a number of
+parameters in the 'texmf.cnf' runtime file read by Kpathsea (*note
+(kpathsea)Config files::).
+
+ The main purpose of 'texmf.cnf' is to specify search paths, but array
+sizes and other options are also set there. Most are rather obscure.
+Here are a few of the more interesting values:
+
+'main_memory'
+ Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost.
+ Must remake the format file after changing.
+
+'extra_mem_bot'
+ Extra space for "large" TeX data structures (default 0): boxes,
+ glue, breakpoints, et al. If you use PiCTeX, you may well want to
+ set this.
+
+'expand_depth'
+ Limit on recursive expansion calls before TeX aborts (default
+ 10000). If a TeX program does an unterminated recursive expansion,
+ TeX will dutifully expand macros until the system's runtime stack
+ overflows, typically with a segmentation fault (SIGSEGV). This
+ parameter was introduced to minimize the chance of that unpleasant
+ (though not dangerous) crash, instead allowing TeX to quit with a
+ more informative message.
+
+ The crash can still happen, though, if the system has an
+ exceptionally small memory allocation for its stack. There is no
+ quantitative way to determine the limit, and it does not seem worth
+ implementing system-dependent heuristics to guess at the number,
+ since it's highly improbable that any real TeX code will ever need
+ more than 10000 recursive expansions (it has never happened). For
+ the same reason, using the libsigsegv library
+ (<https://gnu.org/s/libsigsegv>) does not seem worth the effort.
+
+'texmf_casefold_search'
+ *Note (kpathsea)Casefolding search::.
+
+ Ideally all arrays would be dynamically expanded as necessary, so the
+only limiting factor would be the amount of swap space available, or
+some configurable limit much larger than can currently be supported.
+
+ Unfortunately, implementing this is extremely difficult, as the fixed
+size of arrays is assumed in many places throughout the source code.
+These runtime limits are a practical compromise between the compile-time
+limits in previous versions, and truly dynamic arrays. (On the other
+hand, the Web2c BibTeX implementation does do true dynamic reallocation
+of some arrays.)
+
+ Nowadays there is rarely a reason to modify the values. But if you
+do wish to modify 'texmf.cnf', in TeX Live the best approach is to put
+your changes, and only your changes at the top of the TL installation
+tree. That is, if the system 'texmf.cnf' is installed in
+'/some/path/to/texlive/YYYY/texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf' is put your
+custom settings in '/some/path/to/texlive/YYY/texmf.cnf', where YYYY is
+the year of installation (if you use that subdirectory; it's the
+default). That way, unrelated changes to the system 'texmf.cnf' can
+happen with normal updates, without affecting your local values.
+
+
+File: web2c.info, Node: Initial and virgin, Next: Memory dumps, Prev: Runtime options, Up: Three programs
+
+4.2 Initial and virgin
+======================
The TeX and Metafont programs each have two main variants, called
"initial" and "virgin". MetaPost no longer makes this distinction.
@@ -663,8 +691,8 @@ memory dump file.

File: web2c.info, Node: Memory dumps, Next: Editor invocation, Prev: Initial and virgin, Up: Three programs
-3.5.2 Memory dumps
-------------------
+4.3 Memory dumps
+================
In typical use, TeX and Metafont require a large number of macros to be
predefined; therefore, they support "memory dump" files, which can be
@@ -679,8 +707,8 @@ read much more efficiently than ordinary source code.

File: web2c.info, Node: Creating memory dumps, Next: Determining the memory dump to use, Up: Memory dumps
-3.5.2.1 Creating memory dumps
-.............................
+4.3.1 Creating memory dumps
+---------------------------
The programs all create memory dumps in slightly idiosyncratic (thought
substantially similar) way, so we describe the details in separate
@@ -710,8 +738,8 @@ difficulties.

File: web2c.info, Node: Determining the memory dump to use, Next: Hardware and memory dumps, Prev: Creating memory dumps, Up: Memory dumps
-3.5.2.2 Determining the memory dump to use
-..........................................
+4.3.2 Determining the memory dump to use
+----------------------------------------
The virgin form (*note Initial and virgin::) of each program always
reads a memory dump before processing normal source input. All three
@@ -744,8 +772,8 @@ programs determine the memory dump to use in the same way:

File: web2c.info, Node: Hardware and memory dumps, Prev: Determining the memory dump to use, Up: Memory dumps
-3.5.2.3 Hardware and memory dumps
-.................................
+4.3.3 Hardware and memory dumps
+-------------------------------
By default, memory dump files are generally sharable between
architectures of different types; specifically, on machines of different
@@ -803,8 +831,8 @@ References::).

File: web2c.info, Node: Editor invocation, Next: \input filenames, Prev: Memory dumps, Up: Three programs
-3.5.3 Editor invocation
------------------------
+4.4 Editor invocation
+=====================
TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost all (by default) stop and ask for user
intervention at an error. If the input came from a file, and the user
@@ -823,8 +851,8 @@ for the precise values.)

File: web2c.info, Node: \input filenames, Prev: Editor invocation, Up: Three programs
-3.5.4 '\input' filenames
-------------------------
+4.5 '\input' filenames
+======================
TeX, Metafont, and MetaPost source programs can all read other source
files with the '\input' (TeX) and 'input' (MF and MP) primitives:
@@ -846,9 +874,10 @@ or other special characters, as described in the sections below.
there is no way to read files whose names contain a '"'.
However, for maximal portability of your document across systems, use
-only the characters 'a'-'z', '0'-'9', and '.'. Do not use anything but
-simple filenames, since directory separators vary among systems;
-instead, add the necessary directories to the appropriate search path.
+only the characters 'a'-'z', '0'-'9', and at most one '.'. Do not use
+anything but simple filenames, since directory separators vary among
+systems; instead, add the necessary directories to the appropriate
+search path.
* Menu:
@@ -859,8 +888,8 @@ instead, add the necessary directories to the appropriate search path.

File: web2c.info, Node: \input quoted filename, Next: \input braced filename, Up: \input filenames
-3.5.4.1 '\input' quoted filename: '\input "some name"'
-......................................................
+4.5.1 '\input' quoted filename: '\input "some name"'
+----------------------------------------------------
As of Web2c version 7.5.3 (2004), double-quote characters can be used to
include spaces or other special characters. In typical use, the '"'
@@ -881,8 +910,8 @@ its '\input' macro, thus:

File: web2c.info, Node: \input braced filename, Next: \input filename caveats, Prev: \input quoted filename, Up: \input filenames
-3.5.4.2 '\input' braced filename: '\input{some name}'
-.....................................................
+4.5.2 '\input' braced filename: '\input{some name}'
+---------------------------------------------------
As of Web2c 2020, '\input' filenames in TeX engines (this does not apply
in Metafont and MetaPost) can also be specified within a TeX group,
@@ -904,8 +933,8 @@ filename.

File: web2c.info, Node: \input filename caveats, Prev: \input braced filename, Up: \input filenames
-3.5.4.3 '\input' filename caveats
-.................................
+4.5.3 '\input' filename caveats
+-------------------------------
The quoting mechanisms just described come into play _after_ TeX has
tokenized and expanded the input. So, multiple spaces and tabs will
@@ -936,9 +965,9 @@ actually use these in a document you have to change their catcodes or
use '\string'.

-File: web2c.info, Node: TeX, Next: Metafont, Prev: Commonalities, Up: Top
+File: web2c.info, Node: TeX, Next: Metafont, Prev: Three programs, Up: Top
-4 TeX: Typesetting
+5 TeX: Typesetting
******************
TeX is a typesetting system: it was especially designed to handle
@@ -960,12 +989,12 @@ Many other books on TeX, introductory and otherwise, are available.
* Languages and hyphenation:: TeX supports many human languages.
* Shell escapes:: Running subprograms from TeX.
* IPC and TeX:: DVI output to a socket.
-* TeX extensions:: Changes to the TeX language.
+* TeX extensions:: Additional engines with additional features.

File: web2c.info, Node: tex invocation, Next: Initial TeX, Up: TeX
-4.1 'tex' invocation
+5.1 'tex' invocation
====================
TeX (usually invoked as 'tex') formats the given text and commands, and
@@ -1049,7 +1078,8 @@ the log file has not yet been opened.
'-enc'
Enable encTeX extensions, such as '\mubyte'. This can be used to
- support Unicode UTF-8 input encoding. See
+ support the Unicode UTF-8 input encoding, although using an engine
+ with native Unicode support is more common nowadays.
<http://www.olsak.net/enctex.html>.
'-ipc'
@@ -1128,7 +1158,7 @@ the log file has not yet been opened.

File: web2c.info, Node: Initial TeX, Next: Formats, Prev: tex invocation, Up: TeX
-4.2 Initial TeX
+5.2 Initial TeX
===============
The "initial" form of TeX is invoked by 'tex -ini'. It does lengthy
@@ -1158,7 +1188,7 @@ details on TeX formats.

File: web2c.info, Node: Formats, Next: Languages and hyphenation, Prev: Initial TeX, Up: TeX
-4.3 Formats
+5.3 Formats
===========
TeX "formats" are large collections of macros, often dumped into a
@@ -1169,22 +1199,18 @@ release. You can change which formats are automatically built by
setting the 'fmts' Make variable; by default, only the 'plain' and
'latex' formats are made.
- You can get the latest versions of most of these formats from the
-CTAN archives in subdirectories of 'CTAN:/macros' (for CTAN info, *note
-(kpathsea)unixtex.ftp::). The archive
-<ftp://ftp.tug.org/tex/lib.tar.gz> (also available from CTAN) contains
-most of these formats (although perhaps not the absolute latest
-version), among other things.
+ Nowadays, the formats are generally installed and updated as part of
+a larger TeX distribution, such as TeX Live (<https://tug.org/texlive>).
latex
- The most widely used format. The current release is named 'LaTeX
- 2e'; new versions are released approximately every six months, with
- patches issued as needed. The old release was called 'LaTeX 2.09',
- and is no longer maintained or supported. LaTeX attempts to
- provide generic markup instructions, such as "emphasize", instead
- of specific typesetting instructions, such as "use the 10pt
- Computer Modern italic font". The LaTeX home page:
- <http://www.latex-project.org>.
+ The most widely used format. The current release is named
+ 'LaTeX2e'; new versions are released approximately every six
+ months, with patches issued as needed. The old release was called
+ 'LaTeX 2.09', and is no longer maintained or supported. LaTeX
+ attempts to provide generic markup instructions, such as
+ "emphasize", instead of specific typesetting instructions, such as
+ "use the 10pt Computer Modern italic font". The LaTeX home page:
+ <https://www.latex-project.org>.
context
ConTeXt is an independent macro package which has a basic document
@@ -1196,34 +1222,35 @@ context
amstex
The official typesetting system of the American Mathematical
Society. Like LaTeX, it encourages generic markup commands. The
- AMS also provides many LaTeX package for authors who prefer LaTeX.
+ AMS also provides many LaTeX packages for authors who prefer LaTeX.
Taken together, they are used to produce nearly all AMS
publications, e.g., 'Mathematical Reviews'. The AMSTeX home page:
- <http://www.ams.org/tex>.
+ <https://www.ams.org/tex>.
texinfo
The documentation system developed and maintained by the Free
Software Foundation for their software manuals. It can be
automatically converted into plain text, a machine-readable on-line
format called 'info', HTML, etc. The Texinfo home page:
- <http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo>.
+ <https://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo>.
eplain
The "expanded plain" format provides various common features (e.g.,
symbolic cross-referencing, tables of contents, indexing, citations
using BibTeX), for those authors who prefer to handle their own
high-level formatting. The Eplain home page:
- <http://www.tug.org/eplain>.
+ <https://tug.org/eplain>.
slitex
An obsolete LaTeX 2.09 format for making slides. It is replaced by
- the 'slides' document class, along with the 'beamer', 'texpower',
- and other packages.
+ the 'slides' document class, although the 'beamer' package is the
+ most commonly method for making slides nowadays. The Beamer page
+ on CTAN: <https://ctan.org/pkg/beamer>.

File: web2c.info, Node: Languages and hyphenation, Next: Shell escapes, Prev: Formats, Up: TeX
-4.4 Languages and hyphenation
+5.4 Languages and hyphenation
=============================
TeX supports most natural languages. See also *note TeX extensions: TeX
@@ -1238,20 +1265,23 @@ extensions.

File: web2c.info, Node: MLTeX, Next: TCX files, Up: Languages and hyphenation
-4.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX
+5.4.1 MLTeX: Multi-lingual TeX
------------------------------
Multi-lingual TeX ('mltex') is an extension of TeX originally written by
-Michael Ferguson and now updated and maintained by Bernd Raichle. It
-allows the use of non-existing glyphs in a font by declaring glyph
-substitutions. These are restricted to substitutions of an accented
-character glyph, which need not be defined in the current font, by its
-appropriate '\accent' construction using a base and accent character
-glyph, which do have to exist in the current font. This substitution is
-automatically done behind the scenes, if necessary, and thus MLTeX
-additionally supports hyphenation of words containing an accented
-character glyph for fonts missing this glyph (e.g., Computer Modern).
-Standard TeX suppresses hyphenation in this case.
+Michael Ferguson and now updated and maintained by Bernd Raichle. With
+the advent of Unicode, it has become obsolete, though it is still
+supported in Web2c in the event of bugs or compilation bugs.
+
+ MLTeX allows the use of non-existing glyphs in a font by declaring
+glyph substitutions. These are restricted to substitutions of an
+accented character glyph, which need not be defined in the current font,
+by its appropriate '\accent' construction using a base and accent
+character glyph, which do have to exist in the current font. This
+substitution is automatically done behind the scenes, if necessary, and
+thus MLTeX additionally supports hyphenation of words containing an
+accented character glyph for fonts missing this glyph (e.g., Computer
+Modern). Standard TeX suppresses hyphenation in this case.
MLTeX works at '.fmt'-creation time: the basic idea is to specify the
'-mltex' option to TeX when you '\dump' a format. Then, when you
@@ -1273,7 +1303,7 @@ TeX.

File: web2c.info, Node: \charsubdef, Next: \tracingcharsubdef, Up: MLTeX
-4.4.1.1 '\charsubdef': Character substitutions
+5.4.1.1 '\charsubdef': Character substitutions
..............................................
The most important primitive MLTeX adds is '\charsubdef', used in a way
@@ -1322,7 +1352,7 @@ generally useful.)

File: web2c.info, Node: \tracingcharsubdef, Prev: \charsubdef, Up: MLTeX
-4.4.1.2 '\tracingcharsubdef': Substitution diagnostics
+5.4.1.2 '\tracingcharsubdef': Substitution diagnostics
......................................................
To help diagnose problems with '\charsubdef', MLTeX provides a new
@@ -1337,7 +1367,7 @@ be recorded.

File: web2c.info, Node: TCX files, Next: patgen invocation, Prev: MLTeX, Up: Languages and hyphenation
-4.4.2 TCX files: Character translations
+5.4.2 TCX files: Character translations
---------------------------------------
TCX (TeX character translation) files help TeX support direct input of
@@ -1458,7 +1488,7 @@ from the dump is ignored and the data from the file used instead.

File: web2c.info, Node: patgen invocation, Prev: TCX files, Up: Languages and hyphenation
-4.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns
+5.4.3 Patgen: Creating hyphenation patterns
-------------------------------------------
Patgen creates hyphenation patterns from dictionary files for use with
@@ -1479,7 +1509,7 @@ Liang (*note References::), and also the 'patgen.web' source file.

File: web2c.info, Node: Shell escapes, Next: IPC and TeX, Prev: Languages and hyphenation, Up: TeX
-4.5 Shell escapes
+5.5 Shell escapes
=================
TeX can execute "shell escapes", that is, arbitrary shell commands.
@@ -1556,7 +1586,7 @@ considered untrustworthy, shell escapes should be completely disabled.

File: web2c.info, Node: IPC and TeX, Next: TeX extensions, Prev: Shell escapes, Up: TeX
-4.6 IPC and TeX
+5.6 IPC and TeX
===============
(If anyone uses this feature and needs documentation, write
@@ -1573,42 +1603,61 @@ its socket operations. This may be helpful if you are, well, debugging.

File: web2c.info, Node: TeX extensions, Prev: IPC and TeX, Up: TeX
-4.7 TeX extensions
-==================
+5.7 Extended TeX engines
+========================
The base TeX program has been extended in many ways. Here's a partial
list.
e-TeX
Adds many new primitives, including right-to-left typesetting and
- more registers. Now frozen.
+ more registers. Now frozen. More info:
+ <https://ctan.org/pkg/etex>.
Aleph
This adds Unicode support, right-to-left typesetting, and more.
Omega was the original program. Aleph is an updated version with a
variety of bug fixes, and includes e-TeX. Aleph is not actively
- maintained.
+ maintained. More info: <https://ctan.org/pkg/aleph>,
+ <https://ctan.org/pkg/omega>.
pdfTeX
Can produce PDF as well as DVI files. It also incorporates the
e-TeX extensions, new primitives for hypertext and
- micro-typography, reading/writing from pipes, and much more. Home
- page: <http://pdftex.org>.
-
-luaTeX
- Based on pdfTeX, this also embeds the Lua programming language
- (<http://lua.org>) and opens up the TeX typesetting engine to
- control from Lua. Home page: <http://luatex.org>.
+ micro-typography, reading/writing from pipes, and much more. In
+ TeX Live, the command 'etex' invokes pdfTeX to make all these
+ additions available with DVI output. Home page:
+ <http://pdftex.org>.
+
+LuaTeX
+ Embeds the Lua programming language (<http://lua.org>) and opens up
+ the TeX typesetting engine to control from Lua, starting from the
+ pdfTeX capabilities as a base. Also natively supports UTF-8 input,
+ the OpenType and TrueType font formats, and use of system fonts.
+ Home page: <http://luatex.org>.
XeTeX
- Combines support for Unicode input and OpenType- and system fonts
- with the capabilities of pdfTeX. Home page:
- <http://tug.org/xetex>.
+ Combines support for Unicode input, the OpenType and TrueType font
+ formats, and use of system fonts with the capabilities of pdfTeX,
+ with the exception of the font expansion part of micro-typography.
+ Home page: <https://tug.org/xetex>.
+
+pTeX
+upTeX
+ With additional support for Japanese; pTeX was the original engine,
+ and upTeX has native Unicode support and thus is more useful for
+ Chinese and Korean. More info: <https://ctan.org/pkg/ptex>,
+ <https://ctan.org/pkg/uptex>.
+
+epTeX
+eupTeX
+ Further extends pTeX and upTeX with the e-TeX extensions. More
+ info: <https://ctan.org/pkg/eptex>, <https://ctan.org/pkg/euptex>.

File: web2c.info, Node: Metafont, Next: MetaPost, Prev: TeX, Up: Top
-5 Metafont: Creating typeface families
+6 Metafont: Creating typeface families
**************************************
Metafont is a system for producing shapes; it was designed for producing
@@ -1637,7 +1686,7 @@ complete description of the Metafont language, see 'The METAFONTbook'

File: web2c.info, Node: mf invocation, Next: Initial Metafont, Up: Metafont
-5.1 'mf' invocation
+6.1 'mf' invocation
===================
Metafont (usually invoked as 'mf') reads character definitions specified
@@ -1727,7 +1776,7 @@ usual. For example:

File: web2c.info, Node: Initial Metafont, Next: Modes, Prev: mf invocation, Up: Metafont
-5.2 Initial Metafont
+6.2 Initial Metafont
====================
'inimf' is the "initial" form of Metafont, which does lengthy
@@ -1762,7 +1811,7 @@ course.

File: web2c.info, Node: Modes, Next: Online Metafont graphics, Prev: Initial Metafont, Up: Metafont
-5.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont
+6.3 Modes: Device definitions for Metafont
==========================================
Running Metafont and creating Metafont base files requires information
@@ -1812,7 +1861,7 @@ conventions:

File: web2c.info, Node: Online Metafont graphics, Next: gftodvi invocation, Prev: Modes, Up: Metafont
-5.4 Online Metafont graphics
+6.4 Online Metafont graphics
============================
The Web2c implementation of Metafont can do online graphics with a
@@ -1897,7 +1946,7 @@ MFtalk (see 'web2c/window/mftalk.c').

File: web2c.info, Node: gftodvi invocation, Next: mft invocation, Prev: Online Metafont graphics, Up: Metafont
-5.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts
+6.5 GFtoDVI: Character proofs of fonts
======================================
GFtoDVI makes "proof sheets" from a GF bitmap file as output by, for
@@ -1962,7 +2011,7 @@ process as usual.

File: web2c.info, Node: mft invocation, Prev: gftodvi invocation, Up: Metafont
-5.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source
+6.6 MFT: Prettyprinting Metafont source
=======================================
MFT translates a Metafont program into a TeX document suitable for
@@ -2047,13 +2096,14 @@ print these properly.

File: web2c.info, Node: MetaPost, Next: BibTeX, Prev: Metafont, Up: Top
-6 MetaPost: Creating technical illustrations
-********************************************
+7 MetaPost: Generating PostScript
+*********************************
MetaPost is a picture-drawing language similar to Metafont (*note
Metafont::), but instead of outputting bitmaps in a "font", it outputs
PostScript commands. It's primarily intended for creating technical
-illustrations.
+illustrations, but can also be used to create PostScript or OpenType
+fonts (<https://ctan.org/pkg/metatype1>).
MetaPost also provides for arbitrary integration of text and graphics
in a natural way, using any typesetter (TeX and Troff are both
@@ -2068,7 +2118,7 @@ supported) and a number of other subsidiary programs, described below.

File: web2c.info, Node: mpost invocation, Next: Initial MetaPost, Up: MetaPost
-6.1 'mpost' invocation
+7.1 'mpost' invocation
======================
MetaPost (installed as 'mpost') reads a series of pictures specified in
@@ -2077,18 +2127,14 @@ code. This section merely describes the options available in the Web2c
implementation. For a complete description of the MetaPost language,
see AT&T technical report CSTR-162, generally available in
'TEXMF/doc/metapost/', where TEXMF is the root of TeX directory
-structure. See also:
- * <http://cm.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/MetaPost.html> (the MetaPost
- author's home page);
- * <http://tug.org/metapost> (papers, packages, and related
- information).
+structure. The MetaPost home page: <https://tug.org/metapost>.
Also, a standard MetaPost package for drawing graphs is documented in
AT&T technical report CSTR-164, available as the file 'mpgraph.ps',
generally stored alongside 'mpman.ps'.
MetaPost processes its command line and determines its memory dump
-(mem) file in a way exactly analogous to Metafont and TeX (*note 'tex'
+(mem) file in a way analogous to Metafont and TeX (*note 'tex'
invocation: tex invocation, and *note Memory dumps::). Synopses:
mpost [OPTION]... [MPNAME[.mp]] [MP-COMMANDS]
@@ -2189,7 +2235,7 @@ opens a security hole. *Note tex invocation::.

File: web2c.info, Node: Initial MetaPost, Next: dvitomp invocation, Prev: mpost invocation, Up: MetaPost
-6.2 Initial MetaPost
+7.2 Initial MetaPost
====================
As of MetaPost 1.504 (TeX Live 2011), MetaPost no longer dumps '.mem'
@@ -2211,7 +2257,7 @@ GFtoDVI (*note gftodvi invocation::).

File: web2c.info, Node: dvitomp invocation, Prev: Initial MetaPost, Up: MetaPost
-6.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion
+7.3 DVItoMP: DVI to MPX conversion
==================================
DVItoMP converts DVI files into low-level MetaPost commands in a
@@ -2231,7 +2277,7 @@ NAME' and 'color pop', outputting them as 'withcolor' MetaPost commands.

File: web2c.info, Node: BibTeX, Next: WEB, Prev: MetaPost, Up: Top
-7 BibTeX: Bibliographies
+8 BibTeX: Bibliographies
************************
BibTeX automates much of the job of typesetting bibliographies, and
@@ -2245,7 +2291,7 @@ makes bibliography entries reusable in many different contexts.

File: web2c.info, Node: bibtex invocation, Next: Basic BibTeX style files, Up: BibTeX
-7.1 BibTeX invocation
+8.1 BibTeX invocation
=====================
BibTeX creates a printable bibliography ('.bbl') file from references in
@@ -2306,7 +2352,7 @@ macros. BibTeX searches for '.bib' files using the 'BIBINPUTS' and

File: web2c.info, Node: Basic BibTeX style files, Prev: bibtex invocation, Up: BibTeX
-7.2 Basic BibTeX style files
+8.2 Basic BibTeX style files
============================
Here are descriptions of the four standard and four semi-standard basic
@@ -2350,7 +2396,7 @@ CTAN info, *note (kpathsea)unixtex.ftp::).

File: web2c.info, Node: WEB, Next: DVI utilities, Prev: BibTeX, Up: Top
-8 WEB: Literate programming
+9 WEB: Literate programming
***************************
"WEB" languages allow you to write a single source file that can produce
@@ -2380,7 +2426,7 @@ available in many other places, of course).

File: web2c.info, Node: tangle invocation, Next: weave invocation, Up: WEB
-8.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal
+9.1 Tangle: Translate WEB to Pascal
===================================
Tangle creates a compilable Pascal program from a WEB source file (*note
@@ -2433,7 +2479,7 @@ semicolons when this can be done conveniently.

File: web2c.info, Node: weave invocation, Next: pooltype invocation, Prev: tangle invocation, Up: WEB
-8.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX
+9.2 Weave: Translate WEB to TeX
===============================
Weave creates a TeX document from a WEB source file (*note WEB::),
@@ -2465,7 +2511,7 @@ change in the change file).

File: web2c.info, Node: pooltype invocation, Prev: weave invocation, Up: WEB
-8.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files
+9.3 Pooltype: Display WEB pool files
====================================
Pooltype shows the so-called "string number" of each string in a WEB
@@ -2500,8 +2546,8 @@ output.

File: web2c.info, Node: DVI utilities, Next: Font utilities, Prev: WEB, Up: Top
-9 DVI utilities
-***************
+10 DVI utilities
+****************
TeX outputs a file in "DVI" (DeVice Independent) format as a compact
representation of the original document. DVI files can be translated to
@@ -2525,8 +2571,8 @@ drivers; they perform generic utility functions.

File: web2c.info, Node: dvicopy invocation, Next: dvitype invocation, Up: DVI utilities
-9.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references
-=================================================
+10.1 DVIcopy: Canonicalize virtual font references
+==================================================
DVIcopy reads a DVI file, expands any references to virtual fonts (*note
(dvips)Virtual fonts::) to base fonts, and writes the resulting DVI
@@ -2558,8 +2604,8 @@ standard output if OUTDVI is not specified.

File: web2c.info, Node: dvitype invocation, Prev: dvicopy invocation, Up: DVI utilities
-9.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files
-====================================================
+10.2 DVItype: Plain text transliteration of DVI files
+=====================================================
DVItype translates a DeVice Independent (DVI) file (as output by TeX,
for example) to a plain text file that humans can read. It also serves
@@ -2619,8 +2665,8 @@ program.

File: web2c.info, Node: dvitype output example, Up: dvitype invocation
-9.2.1 DVItype output example
-----------------------------
+10.2.1 DVItype output example
+-----------------------------
As an example of the output from DVItype (see section above), here is
its (abridged) translation of the 'story.dvi' resulting from running the
@@ -2697,7 +2743,7 @@ example in 'The TeXbook', with '-output-level=4' and '-show-opcodes' on.

File: web2c.info, Node: Font utilities, Next: Legalisms, Prev: DVI utilities, Up: Top
-10 Font utilities
+11 Font utilities
*****************
The Web2c programs described here convert between various TeX-related
@@ -2725,7 +2771,7 @@ mentioned below are in the source files that read them; 'pktype.web',

File: web2c.info, Node: Font file formats, Next: gftopk invocation, Up: Font utilities
-10.1 Font file formats
+11.1 Font file formats
======================
(For another perspective on this, *note (dvips)Font concepts::).
@@ -2790,7 +2836,7 @@ distribution by Pierre MacKay and Elizabeth Tachikawa.)

File: web2c.info, Node: gftopk invocation, Next: pktogf invocation, Prev: Font file formats, Up: Font utilities
-10.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion
+11.2 GFtoPK: Generic to packed font conversion
==============================================
GFtoPK converts a generic font (GF) file output by, for example,
@@ -2820,7 +2866,7 @@ Common options::).

File: web2c.info, Node: pktogf invocation, Next: pktype invocation, Prev: gftopk invocation, Up: Font utilities
-10.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion
+11.3 PKtoGF: Packed to generic font conversion
==============================================
PKtoGF converts a packed font (PK) file to a generic font (GF) file.
@@ -2849,7 +2895,7 @@ Common options::).

File: web2c.info, Node: pktype invocation, Next: gftype invocation, Prev: pktogf invocation, Up: Font utilities
-10.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts
+11.4 PKtype: Plain text transliteration of packed fonts
=======================================================
PKtype translates a packed font (PK) bitmap file (as output by GFtoPK,
@@ -2928,7 +2974,7 @@ Explanation:

File: web2c.info, Node: gftype invocation, Next: tftopl invocation, Prev: pktype invocation, Up: Font utilities
-10.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts
+11.5 GFtype: Plain text transliteration of generic fonts
========================================================
GFtype translates a generic font (GF) bitmap file (as output by
@@ -3047,7 +3093,7 @@ Explanation:

File: web2c.info, Node: tftopl invocation, Next: pltotf invocation, Prev: gftype invocation, Up: Font utilities
-10.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion
+11.6 TFtoPL: TeX font metric to property list conversion
========================================================
TFtoPL translates a TeX font metric (TFM, *note (dvips)Metric files::)
@@ -3165,7 +3211,7 @@ translation of 'cmr10.tfm':

File: web2c.info, Node: pltotf invocation, Next: vftovp invocation, Prev: tftopl invocation, Up: Font utilities
-10.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion
+11.7 PLtoTF: Property list to TeX font metric conversion
========================================================
PLtoTF translates a property list file (as output by TFtoPL, for
@@ -3189,7 +3235,7 @@ Common options::).

File: web2c.info, Node: vftovp invocation, Next: vptovf invocation, Prev: pltotf invocation, Up: Font utilities
-10.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists
+11.8 VFtoVP: Virtual font to virtual property lists
===================================================
VFtoVP translates a virtual font metric (VF, *note (dvips)Virtual
@@ -3235,7 +3281,7 @@ VFtoVP (see the next section).

File: web2c.info, Node: vptovf invocation, Next: Font utilities available elsewhere, Prev: vftovp invocation, Up: Font utilities
-10.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font
+11.9 VPtoVF: Virtual property lists to virtual font
===================================================
VPtoVF translates a virtual property list file (as output by VFtoVP, for
@@ -3258,7 +3304,7 @@ Common options::).

File: web2c.info, Node: Font utilities available elsewhere, Prev: vptovf invocation, Up: Font utilities
-10.10 Font utilities available elsewhere
+11.10 Font utilities available elsewhere
========================================
The Web2c complement of font utilities merely implements a few basic
@@ -3295,11 +3341,7 @@ items:
'CTAN:/fonts/utilities/ps2pk'.
* PostScript Type 1 font format conversion (i.e., between PFA and PFB
- formats): <http://www.lcdf.org/type>.
-
- * Scanned image conversion: the (aging) GNU font utilities convert
- type specimen images to Metafont, PostScript, etc.:
- <http://www.gnu.org/software/fontutils/>.
+ formats): <https://www.lcdf.org/type>.
* Tracing bitmaps to fitted outlines: Autotrace
(<http://autotrace.sourceforge.net>), Potrace
@@ -3308,7 +3350,7 @@ items:
or 'textrace' (<http://textrace.sourceforge.net>) make the job
easier.
- * Virtual font creation: 'CTAN:/fonts/utilities/fontinst'.
+ * Virtual font creation: <https://ctan.org/pkg/fontinst>.

File: web2c.info, Node: Legalisms, Next: References, Prev: Font utilities, Up: Top
@@ -3319,42 +3361,27 @@ Appendix A Legalisms
In general, each file has its own copyright notice stating the copying
permissions for that file. Following is a summary.
- The Web2c system itself and most of the original WEB source files are
-public domain.
-
- 'tex.web', the MLTeX code, 'mf.web', and 'bibtex.web', are
-copyrighted by their authors. They may be copied verbatim, but may be
-modified only through a '.ch' file.
-
- MetaPost-related files, including 'mp.web' itself, are copyrighted
-under X-like terms; the precise notice is included below.
-
- Finally, the Kpathsea library is covered by the GNU Lesser General
-Public License (*note (kpathsea)Introduction::). Therefore, the
-_binaries_ resulting from a standard Web2c compilation are also covered
-by the LGPL; so if you (re)distribute the binaries, you must also (offer
-to) distribute the complete source that went into those binaries. See
-the file 'LGPL' for complete details on the LGPL.
-
- The following notice must be included by the terms of the MetaPost
-copyright.
-
- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
- its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
- granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
- copies and that both that the copyright notice and this permission
- notice and warranty disclaimer appear in supporting documentation,
- and that the names of AT&T Bell Laboratories or any of its entities
- not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
- of the software without specific, written prior permission.
-
- AT&T disclaims all warranties with regard to this software,
- including all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness.
- In no event shall AT&T be liable for any special, indirect or
- consequential damages or any damages whatsoever resulting from loss
- of use, data or profits, whether in an action of contract,
- negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in
- connection with the use or performance of this software.
+ The Stanford TeX programs and Web2c system itself are in the public
+domain (<https://tug.org/texlive/copying.html>). The sources may be
+copied verbatim, or used as the starting point of new software under
+different names; however, per the wishes of the authors, they should be
+modified only through a '.ch' file, but this is in the nature of a
+development request rather than a legal requirement.
+
+ MLTeX, pdfTeX, LuaTeX, XeTeX, and all the other derived engines have
+used various license terms for their additions to the base code, often
+the GPL (see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/#GPL> or (for example) the
+file 'web2c/pdftexdir/COPYINGv2'. They also mostly make use of
+additional libraries with their own (compatible) terms. Please see each
+program's sources.
+
+ The Kpathsea library is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public
+License (*note (kpathsea)Introduction::). Therefore, the _binaries_
+resulting from a standard Web2c compilation are also covered by the
+LGPL; so if you (re)distribute the binaries, you must also (offer to)
+distribute the complete source that went into those binaries. See
+<https://gnu.org/licenses/#LGPL> or the file
+'kpathsea/COPYING.LESSERv2'.

File: web2c.info, Node: References, Next: Index, Prev: Legalisms, Up: Top
@@ -3366,10 +3393,11 @@ Appendix B References
2. Dvips and Afm2tfm: *Note Introduction: (dvips)Top.
- 3. The TeX Users Group: <http://www.tug.org>. For an introduction to
- the TeX system, see <http://tug.org/begin.html>.
+ 3. The TeX Users Group: <https://tug.org>. For an introduction to the
+ TeX system, see <https://tug.org/begin.html>.
- 4. TUGboat: <http://tug.org/TUGboat>.
+ 4. TUGboat, the principal journal for the TeX world:
+ <https://tug.org/TUGboat>.
5. TeX and computer typesetting in general:
<ftp://ftp.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/texbook1.bib>.
@@ -3380,92 +3408,81 @@ Appendix B References
7. [Bil87] Neenie Billawala. Write-white printing engines and tuning
fonts with Metafont. 'TUGboat', 8(1):29-32, April 1987.
- <http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf>.
+ <https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb08-1/tb17billawala.pdf>.
- 8. [GMS94] Michel Goossens, Frank Mittelbach, and Alexander Samarin.
- 'The LaTeX Companion'. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1994.
-
- 9. [Hob89] John D. Hobby. A Metafont-like system with PS output.
+ 8. [Hob89] John D. Hobby. A Metafont-like system with PS output.
'TUGboat', 10(4):505-512, December 1989.
- <http://tug.org/metapost>.
+ <https://tug.org/metapost>.
- 10. [Hob92] John D. Hobby. A User's Manual for MetaPost. Technical
+ 9. [Hob92] John D. Hobby. A User's Manual for MetaPost. Technical
Report CSTR-162, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1992.
- 11. [Hob93] John D. Hobby. Drawing Graphs with MetaPost. Technical
+ 10. [Hob93] John D. Hobby. Drawing Graphs with MetaPost. Technical
Report CSTR-164, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1993.
- 12. [HS91] Samuel P. Harbison and Guy L. Steele Jr. 'C--A Reference
+ 11. [HS91] Samuel P. Harbison and Guy L. Steele Jr. 'C--A Reference
Manual'. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA, third
edition, 1991. An authoritative reference to the C programming
language, and a good companion to Kernighan and Ritchie.
- 13. [KL93] Donald E. Knuth and Silvio Levy. 'The CWEB System of
+ 12. [KL93] Donald E. Knuth and Silvio Levy. 'The CWEB System of
Structured Documentation, Version 3.0'. Addison-Wesley, Reading,
- MA, USA, 1993.
+ MA, USA, 1993. <https://ctan.org/pkg/cweb>.
- 14. [Knu84] Donald E. Knuth. A torture test for TeX. Report No.
+ 13. [Knu84] Donald E. Knuth. A torture test for TeX. Report No.
STAN-CS-84-1027, Stanford University, Department of Computer
Science, 1984.
- 15. [Knu86a] Donald E. Knuth. A Torture Test for METAFONT. Report No.
+ 14. [Knu86a] Donald E. Knuth. A Torture Test for METAFONT. Report No.
STAN-CS-86-1095, Stanford University, Department of Computer
Science, 1986.
- 16. [Knu86b] Donald E. Knuth. 'The TeXbook', volume A of 'Computers
+ 15. [Knu86b] Donald E. Knuth. 'The TeXbook', volume A of 'Computers
and Typesetting'. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA, 1986.
- 17. [Knu86c] Donald E. Knuth. 'TeX: The Program', volume B of
+ 16. [Knu86c] Donald E. Knuth. 'TeX: The Program', volume B of
'Computers and Typesetting'. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA,
1986.
- 18. [Knu86d] Donald E. Knuth. 'The METAFONTbook', volume C of
+ 17. [Knu86d] Donald E. Knuth. 'The METAFONTbook', volume C of
'Computers and Typesetting'. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA,
1986.
- 19. [Knu86e] Donald E. Knuth. 'METAFONT: The Program', volume D of
+ 18. [Knu86e] Donald E. Knuth. 'METAFONT: The Program', volume D of
'Computers and Typesetting'. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA,
1986.
- 20. [Knu86f] Donald E. Knuth. 'Computer Modern Typefaces', volume E
+ 19. [Knu86f] Donald E. Knuth. 'Computer Modern Typefaces', volume E
of 'Computers and Typesetting'. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, USA,
1986.
- 21. [Knu89] Donald E. Knuth. The errors of TeX. 'Software--Practice
+ 20. [Knu89] Donald E. Knuth. The errors of TeX. 'Software--Practice
and Experience', 19(7):607-681, July 1989. This is an updated
version of Knuth:1988:ET.
- 22. [Knu90] Donald Knuth. Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand Wizards.
+ 21. [Knu90] Donald Knuth. Virtual Fonts: More Fun for Grand Wizards.
'TUGboat', 11(1):13-23, April 1990.
- <http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf>.
+ <https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb11-1/tb27knut.pdf>.
- 23. [Knu92] Donald E. Knuth. 'Literate Programming'. CSLI Lecture
+ 22. [Knu92] Donald E. Knuth. 'Literate Programming'. CSLI Lecture
Notes Number 27. Stanford University Center for the Study of
Language and Information, Stanford, CA, USA, 1992.
- 24. [Lam94] Leslie Lamport. 'LaTeX: A Document Preparation System:
+ 23. [Lam94] Leslie Lamport. 'LaTeX: A Document Preparation System:
User's Guide and Reference Manual'. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA,
- USA, second edition, 1994. Reprinted with corrections in 1996.
+ USA, second edition, 1994. Reprinted with corrections, 1996.
- 25. [Lia83] Franklin Mark Liang. Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-pu-ter.
+ 24. [Lia83] Franklin Mark Liang. Word hy-phen-a-tion by com-pu-ter.
Technical Report STAN-CS-83-977, Stanford University, August 1983.
- <http://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf>.
+ <https://tug.org/docs/liang/liang-thesis.pdf>.
- 26. [Mac91] Pierre A. MacKay. Looking at the pixels: Quality control
+ 25. [Mac91] Pierre A. MacKay. Looking at the pixels: Quality control
for 300 dpi laser printer fonts, especially Metafonts. In Robert
A. Morris and Jacques Andre, editors, 'Raster Imaging and Digital
Typography II--Papers from the second RIDT meeting, held in Boston,
Oct. 14-16, 1991', pages 205-215, New York, 1991. Cambridge
University Press.
- 27. [Spi89] Michael D. Spivak. 'LAMSTeX, The Synthesis'. The
- TeXplorators Corporation, 3701 W. Alabama, Suite 450-273, Houston,
- TX 77027, USA, 1989.
-
- 28. [Spi90] Michael D. Spivak. 'The Joy of TeX--A Gourmet Guide to
- Typesetting with the AMSTeX macro package'. American Mathematical
- Society, Providence, RI, USA, 2nd revised edition, 1990.
-

File: web2c.info, Node: Index, Prev: References, Up: Top
@@ -3493,7 +3510,7 @@ Index
(line 20)
* --enable-hp2627win: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 28)
-* --enable-ipc configure option: tex invocation. (line 92)
+* --enable-ipc configure option: tex invocation. (line 93)
* --enable-mftalkwin: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 31)
* --enable-next: Online Metafont graphics.
@@ -3514,35 +3531,36 @@ Index
(line 59)
* --with-x: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 57)
-* -8bit: Common options. (line 105)
+* -8bit: Common options. (line 110)
* -base=BASE: Determining the memory dump to use.
(line 15)
-* -base=DUMPNAME: Common options. (line 34)
+* -base=DUMPNAME: Common options. (line 39)
* -change=CHFILE: mft invocation. (line 63)
* -charcode-format=TYPE: tftopl invocation. (line 27)
* -charcode-format=TYPE <1>: vftovp invocation. (line 30)
+* -cnf-line: Common options. (line 25)
* -D compiler options: Compile-time options.
(line 6)
-* -disable-write18: tex invocation. (line 127)
+* -disable-write18: tex invocation. (line 128)
* -dpi=REAL: dvitype invocation. (line 24)
-* -enable-write18: tex invocation. (line 126)
+* -enable-write18: tex invocation. (line 127)
* -enc: tex invocation. (line 86)
-* -file-line-error: Common options. (line 25)
-* -file-line-error-style: Common options. (line 26)
-* -fmt=DUMPNAME: Common options. (line 34)
+* -file-line-error: Common options. (line 30)
+* -file-line-error-style: Common options. (line 31)
+* -fmt=DUMPNAME: Common options. (line 39)
* -fmt=FMT: Determining the memory dump to use.
(line 15)
* -geometry, supported with Xt: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 69)
-* -halt-on-error: Common options. (line 41)
+* -halt-on-error: Common options. (line 46)
* -images: gftype invocation. (line 26)
-* -ini: Common options. (line 45)
+* -ini: Common options. (line 50)
* -ini <1>: Initial and virgin. (line 10)
-* -interaction=STRING: Common options. (line 50)
-* -ipc: tex invocation. (line 92)
-* -ipc-start: tex invocation. (line 92)
-* -jobname=STRING: Common options. (line 55)
-* -kpathsea-debug=NUMBER: Common options. (line 59)
+* -interaction=STRING: Common options. (line 55)
+* -ipc: tex invocation. (line 93)
+* -ipc-start: tex invocation. (line 93)
+* -jobname=STRING: Common options. (line 60)
+* -kpathsea-debug=NUMBER: Common options. (line 64)
* -length=NUMBER: tangle invocation. (line 27)
* -loose: tangle invocation. (line 46)
* -lowercase: tangle invocation. (line 35)
@@ -3550,41 +3568,41 @@ Index
* -magnification=INTEGER <1>: dvitype invocation. (line 28)
* -max-pages=N: dvicopy invocation. (line 25)
* -max-pages=N <1>: dvitype invocation. (line 33)
-* -mem=DUMPNAME: Common options. (line 34)
+* -mem=DUMPNAME: Common options. (line 39)
* -min-crossrefs=N: bibtex invocation. (line 31)
* -mixedcase: tangle invocation. (line 35)
-* -mktex=FILETYPE: tex invocation. (line 102)
+* -mktex=FILETYPE: tex invocation. (line 103)
* -mktex=FILETYPE <1>: mf invocation. (line 87)
-* -mltex: tex invocation. (line 107)
+* -mltex: tex invocation. (line 108)
* -mnemonics: gftype invocation. (line 29)
-* -no-file-line-error: Common options. (line 26)
-* -no-mktex=FILETYPE: tex invocation. (line 102)
+* -no-file-line-error: Common options. (line 31)
+* -no-mktex=FILETYPE: tex invocation. (line 103)
* -no-mktex=FILETYPE <1>: mf invocation. (line 87)
-* -no-parse-first-line: Common options. (line 72)
-* -no-shell-escape: tex invocation. (line 120)
-* -output-comment=STRING: tex invocation. (line 112)
-* -output-directory: Common options. (line 66)
+* -no-parse-first-line: Common options. (line 77)
+* -no-shell-escape: tex invocation. (line 121)
+* -output-comment=STRING: tex invocation. (line 113)
+* -output-directory: Common options. (line 71)
* -output-directory <1>: Output file location.
(line 15)
* -output-level=N: dvitype invocation. (line 36)
* -overflow-label-offset=POINTS: gftodvi invocation. (line 59)
* -page-start=PAGE-SPEC: dvicopy invocation. (line 28)
* -page-start=PAGE-SPEC <1>: dvitype invocation. (line 46)
-* -parse-first-line: Common options. (line 71)
-* -progname=STRING: Common options. (line 77)
+* -parse-first-line: Common options. (line 76)
+* -progname=STRING: Common options. (line 82)
* -progname=STRING <1>: Determining the memory dump to use.
(line 17)
-* -recorder: Common options. (line 84)
-* -shell-escape: tex invocation. (line 119)
-* -shell-restricted: tex invocation. (line 121)
+* -recorder: Common options. (line 89)
+* -shell-escape: tex invocation. (line 120)
+* -shell-restricted: tex invocation. (line 122)
* -show-opcodes: dvitype invocation. (line 52)
* -strict: tangle invocation. (line 46)
* -style=MFTFILE: mft invocation. (line 67)
-* -T: mpost invocation. (line 115)
+* -T: mpost invocation. (line 111)
* -terse: bibtex invocation. (line 28)
-* -tex=TEXPROGRAM: mpost invocation. (line 118)
-* -translate-file=TCXFILE: Common options. (line 98)
-* -troff: mpost invocation. (line 115)
+* -tex=TEXPROGRAM: mpost invocation. (line 114)
+* -translate-file=TCXFILE: Common options. (line 103)
+* -troff: mpost invocation. (line 111)
* -underline: tangle invocation. (line 41)
* -uppercase: tangle invocation. (line 35)
* -x: weave invocation. (line 22)
@@ -3598,22 +3616,22 @@ Index
* .blg BibTeX log file: bibtex invocation. (line 14)
* .fmt: Initial TeX. (line 6)
* .mf: mf invocation. (line 24)
-* .mp: mpost invocation. (line 30)
-* .mps files and PDF: mpost invocation. (line 86)
-* .NNN PostScript figures: mpost invocation. (line 35)
+* .mp: mpost invocation. (line 26)
+* .mps files and PDF: mpost invocation. (line 82)
+* .NNN PostScript figures: mpost invocation. (line 31)
* .NNNgf generic fonts: mf invocation. (line 34)
-* .tcx character translation files: Common options. (line 98)
+* .tcx character translation files: Common options. (line 103)
* .tcx character translation files <1>: TCX files. (line 6)
* .tex: tex invocation. (line 20)
* .tfm output: mf invocation. (line 43)
-* .tfm output <1>: mpost invocation. (line 35)
+* .tfm output <1>: mpost invocation. (line 31)
* .Xdefaults: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 69)
* .Xresources: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 69)
* 2602gf: mf invocation. (line 48)
-* 8 bit clean: Common options. (line 105)
-* 8 bit clean output, specifying: Common options. (line 105)
+* 8 bit clean: Common options. (line 110)
+* 8 bit clean output, specifying: Common options. (line 110)
* 8-bit characters: TCX files. (line 6)
* \bibliography: bibtex invocation. (line 18)
* \bibliographystyle: bibtex invocation. (line 18)
@@ -3650,7 +3668,7 @@ Index
(line 16)
* accented character: TCX files. (line 6)
* accents, hyphenating words with: MLTeX. (line 6)
-* acknowledgements: Introduction. (line 52)
+* acknowledgements: Introduction. (line 54)
* acm.bst: Basic BibTeX style files.
(line 19)
* Ada, WEB for: WEB. (line 12)
@@ -3661,22 +3679,22 @@ Index
(line 12)
* afmtopl: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 12)
-* Aleph: TeX extensions. (line 14)
+* Aleph: TeX extensions. (line 15)
* aliases for fonts: Path searching. (line 14)
* alpha.bst: Basic BibTeX style files.
(line 22)
-* American Mathematical Society, typesetting system: Formats. (line 39)
-* AMSTeX: Formats. (line 39)
+* American Mathematical Society, typesetting system: Formats. (line 35)
+* AMSTeX: Formats. (line 35)
* apalike.bst: Basic BibTeX style files.
(line 25)
* architecture dependencies: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 6)
-* array limit, fixed: Runtime options. (line 35)
+* array limit, fixed: Runtime options. (line 45)
* array sizes: Runtime options. (line 6)
* assembly language routines: Compile-time options.
(line 21)
* autotrace: Font utilities available elsewhere.
- (line 46)
+ (line 42)
* Awk, WEB for: WEB. (line 12)
* base file, determining: Determining the memory dump to use.
(line 6)
@@ -3692,8 +3710,9 @@ Index
* batch languages: TeX. (line 9)
* BDF and GF conversion: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 15)
-* beginfig: mpost invocation. (line 35)
-* Berry, Karl: Introduction. (line 42)
+* beamer, package: Formats. (line 57)
+* beginfig: mpost invocation. (line 31)
+* Berry, Karl: Introduction. (line 43)
* BIBINPUTS, search path for bib files: bibtex invocation. (line 18)
* bibliographies, creating: BibTeX. (line 6)
* bibliography: References. (line 6)
@@ -3705,7 +3724,7 @@ Index
(line 6)
* BigEndian machines: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 6)
-* binaries, linking: Common options. (line 77)
+* binaries, linking: Common options. (line 82)
* blank lines, in TCX files: TCX files. (line 66)
* boxes, memory for: Runtime options. (line 20)
* braced filename for \input: \input braced filename.
@@ -3713,7 +3732,7 @@ Index
* breakpoints, memory for: Runtime options. (line 20)
* Breitenlohner, Peter: Introduction. (line 9)
* BSTINPUTS, search path for bst files: bibtex invocation. (line 18)
-* btex for MetaPost labels: mpost invocation. (line 48)
+* btex for MetaPost labels: mpost invocation. (line 44)
* btxdoc.bib: bibtex invocation. (line 52)
* btxdoc.tex: bibtex invocation. (line 46)
* btxhak.tex: bibtex invocation. (line 49)
@@ -3727,7 +3746,7 @@ Index
* change files, and MFT: mft invocation. (line 63)
* change files, and Tangle: tangle invocation. (line 11)
* change files, and Weave: weave invocation. (line 14)
-* changing error messages style: Common options. (line 26)
+* changing error messages style: Common options. (line 31)
* character codes, in GFtype output: gftype invocation. (line 79)
* character codes, in PKtype output: pktype invocation. (line 47)
* character codes, in TCX files: TCX files. (line 77)
@@ -3755,7 +3774,7 @@ Index
* compile-time options: configure options. (line 6)
* compile-time options <1>: Compile-time options.
(line 6)
-* Computer Modern fonts, and Troff: mpost invocation. (line 65)
+* Computer Modern fonts, and Troff: mpost invocation. (line 61)
* Computer Modern macros: Initial Metafont. (line 26)
* Computer Modern Typefaces, production of: mft invocation. (line 73)
* configuration: Installation. (line 6)
@@ -3764,7 +3783,7 @@ Index
* configuration, compile-time: configure options. (line 6)
* configure --with/--enable options: configure options. (line 6)
* CONTENTS.tex: weave invocation. (line 22)
-* control sequence names, space for: Runtime options. (line 29)
+* ConTeXt: Formats. (line 28)
* conventions for options,: Option conventions. (line 6)
* conversion, DVI to plain text: dvitype invocation. (line 6)
* conversion, GF to PK: gftopk invocation. (line 6)
@@ -3783,13 +3802,13 @@ Index
* cross-references, omitting: weave invocation. (line 22)
* current directory, used for output: Output file location.
(line 6)
-* Curtis, Pavel: Introduction. (line 42)
+* Curtis, Pavel: Introduction. (line 43)
* Cweb: WEB. (line 12)
* CWEB: WEB. (line 12)
* date and time, in memory dumps: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 30)
* debugging DVI utilities: dvitype invocation. (line 52)
-* debugging flags, specifying: Common options. (line 59)
+* debugging flags, specifying: Common options. (line 64)
* decimal character codes, in TCX files: TCX files. (line 77)
* dependencies, hardware: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 6)
@@ -3803,12 +3822,12 @@ Index
* dot files, written by TeX programs: tex invocation. (line 48)
* double quote character, ignored in filenames: \input filenames.
(line 22)
-* downloading of fonts for MetaPost labels: mpost invocation. (line 70)
+* downloading of fonts for MetaPost labels: mpost invocation. (line 66)
* DrawingServant: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 35)
-* dump file: Common options. (line 34)
+* dump file: Common options. (line 39)
* dumping memory: Memory dumps. (line 6)
-* DVI comment, specifying: tex invocation. (line 112)
+* DVI comment, specifying: tex invocation. (line 113)
* DVI files, converting to MPX: dvitomp invocation. (line 6)
* DVI files, explained: Font file formats. (line 29)
* DVI format definition: DVI utilities. (line 14)
@@ -3823,7 +3842,7 @@ Index
* dx horizontal escapement: pktype invocation. (line 57)
* dx horizontal escapement <1>: gftype invocation. (line 106)
* dy vertical escapement: gftype invocation. (line 106)
-* dynamic array allocation: Runtime options. (line 35)
+* dynamic array allocation: Runtime options. (line 45)
* dynamic Metafont mode definitions with smode: Modes. (line 28)
* dynamic packing variable: pktype invocation. (line 44)
* e response at error prompt: Editor invocation. (line 6)
@@ -3841,17 +3860,22 @@ Index
* endian dependencies: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 6)
* eoc GF command: gftype invocation. (line 97)
-* Eplain: Formats. (line 54)
+* Eplain: Formats. (line 50)
* epsf: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 19)
+* epTeX: TeX extensions. (line 51)
* errors, editor invoked at: Editor invocation. (line 6)
* escapement, horizontal: pktype invocation. (line 57)
* escapement, horizontal <1>: gftype invocation. (line 106)
* escapement, vertical: gftype invocation. (line 106)
-* etex for MetaPost labels: mpost invocation. (line 48)
+* etex for MetaPost labels: mpost invocation. (line 44)
+* etex is pdfTeX: TeX extensions. (line 22)
+* eupTeX: TeX extensions. (line 51)
* executables, shared initial and virgin: Initial and virgin. (line 6)
* exit status, of shell escape: Shell escapes. (line 34)
-* expanded plain format: Formats. (line 54)
+* expanded plain format: Formats. (line 50)
+* expand_depth: Runtime options. (line 24)
+* expansion limit, recursive: Runtime options. (line 25)
* expansion, and \input filenames: \input filename caveats.
(line 6)
* extensions to TeX: TeX extensions. (line 6)
@@ -3861,10 +3885,10 @@ Index
* FAMILY property <1>: tftopl invocation. (line 99)
* Ferguson, Michael: MLTeX. (line 6)
* file formats for fonts: Font file formats. (line 6)
-* file recorder: Common options. (line 84)
+* file recorder: Common options. (line 89)
* filename conventions, in input files: \input filenames. (line 6)
* filenames starting with -: Option conventions. (line 19)
-* first line of the main input file: Common options. (line 98)
+* first line of the main input file: Common options. (line 103)
* fixed-point arithmetic: Compile-time options.
(line 21)
* FIXPT: Compile-time options.
@@ -3883,7 +3907,7 @@ Index
* font aliases: Path searching. (line 14)
* font character code, translating: TCX files. (line 101)
* font design: Metafont. (line 6)
-* font downloading for MetaPost labels: mpost invocation. (line 70)
+* font downloading for MetaPost labels: mpost invocation. (line 66)
* font file formats: Font file formats. (line 6)
* font proofs: gftodvi invocation. (line 6)
* font utilities: Font utilities. (line 6)
@@ -3892,20 +3916,17 @@ Index
* fontforge: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 30)
* fontinst, for creating virtual fonts: Font utilities available elsewhere.
- (line 53)
+ (line 49)
* fonts, basic: Installation. (line 33)
-* fontutils: Font utilities available elsewhere.
- (line 42)
-* font_mem_size: Runtime options. (line 24)
* format files: Initial TeX. (line 13)
* formats for TeX: Formats. (line 6)
* formats Make target: Additional targets. (line 17)
* fraction routines: Compile-time options.
(line 21)
-* Free Software Foundation documentation system: Formats. (line 47)
+* Free Software Foundation documentation system: Formats. (line 43)
* freedom of Web2c: Introduction. (line 23)
* ftp.math.utah.edu: bibtex invocation. (line 58)
-* generating source specials: tex invocation. (line 133)
+* generating source specials: tex invocation. (line 134)
* geometric designs: Metafont. (line 6)
* geometric font scaling: Font file formats. (line 21)
* geometry for Metafont: Online Metafont graphics.
@@ -3937,16 +3958,13 @@ Index
(line 34)
* hardware and memory dumps: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 6)
-* hash table, increasing size of: Runtime options. (line 29)
-* hash_extra: Runtime options. (line 28)
* headerbyte information: tftopl invocation. (line 95)
* height, in pixels: pktype invocation. (line 62)
* help, online: Common options. (line 11)
-* Henry, Patrick: Introduction. (line 23)
* Herberts, Mathias: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 20)
* hex character codes, in TCX files: TCX files. (line 77)
-* history: Introduction. (line 42)
+* history: Introduction. (line 43)
* Hobby, John: Introduction. (line 9)
* horizontal escapement: pktype invocation. (line 57)
* horizontal escapement <1>: gftype invocation. (line 106)
@@ -3959,7 +3977,7 @@ Index
* human-readable text, converting PK to: pktype invocation. (line 6)
* human-readable text, converting TFM to: tftopl invocation. (line 6)
* human-readable text, converting VF to: vftovp invocation. (line 6)
-* hypertext: TeX extensions. (line 20)
+* hypertext: TeX extensions. (line 22)
* hyphenation and languages: Languages and hyphenation.
(line 6)
* hyphenation patterns, creating: patgen invocation. (line 6)
@@ -3972,8 +3990,8 @@ Index
(line 31)
* il1-t1.tcx: TCX files. (line 48)
* il2-t1.tcx: TCX files. (line 48)
-* Info format: Formats. (line 47)
-* initial form, enabling: Common options. (line 45)
+* Info format: Formats. (line 43)
+* initial form, enabling: Common options. (line 50)
* initial Metafont: Initial Metafont. (line 6)
* initial MetaPost: Initial MetaPost. (line 6)
* initial programs: Initial and virgin. (line 19)
@@ -3986,44 +4004,46 @@ Index
* install-mems Make target: Additional targets. (line 34)
* installation: Installation. (line 6)
* interaction between TCX files and -8bit.: TCX files. (line 104)
-* interaction mode: Common options. (line 50)
+* interaction mode: Common options. (line 55)
* international characters: TCX files. (line 6)
* introduction: Introduction. (line 6)
* IPC: IPC and TeX. (line 6)
* IPC_DEBUG: Compile-time options.
(line 28)
* IPC_DEBUG <1>: IPC and TeX. (line 13)
-* job name: Common options. (line 55)
+* job name: Common options. (line 60)
* kerning table, in TFM files: tftopl invocation. (line 101)
* keyboard character code, translating: TCX files. (line 101)
* Knuth, Donald E.: Introduction. (line 9)
* Knuth, Donald E. <1>: mft invocation. (line 56)
-* KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Common options. (line 59)
+* KPATHSEA_DEBUG: Common options. (line 64)
* KRN property: tftopl invocation. (line 101)
* label font: gftodvi invocation. (line 36)
* LABEL property: tftopl invocation. (line 101)
* language support in TeX: Languages and hyphenation.
(line 6)
* languages, hyphenation rules for: patgen invocation. (line 6)
-* LaTeX: Formats. (line 22)
+* LaTeX: Formats. (line 18)
* Latin Modern: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 18)
* left side bearing: pktype invocation. (line 66)
* left side bearing <1>: gftype invocation. (line 82)
* legalisms: Legalisms. (line 6)
+* libsigsegv library: Runtime options. (line 33)
* licensing terms: Introduction. (line 23)
* LIG property: tftopl invocation. (line 101)
* ligature table, in TFM files: tftopl invocation. (line 101)
* LIGTABLE property: tftopl invocation. (line 101)
-* linking binaries: Common options. (line 77)
+* linking binaries: Common options. (line 82)
* links to binaries: Determining the memory dump to use.
(line 30)
* literate programming: WEB. (line 6)
* LittleEndian machines: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 6)
+* location of texmf.cnf in TeX Live: Runtime options. (line 56)
* log file, BibTeX: bibtex invocation. (line 14)
-* Lua: TeX extensions. (line 26)
-* luaTeX: TeX extensions. (line 26)
+* Lua: TeX extensions. (line 30)
+* LuaTeX: TeX extensions. (line 30)
* machine dependencies: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 6)
* machine-readable, converting property lists to: pltotf invocation.
@@ -4038,8 +4058,8 @@ Index
* magnification <1>: dvitype invocation. (line 28)
* main_memory: Runtime options. (line 15)
* Make targets, additional: Additional targets. (line 6)
-* Martin, Rick: Introduction. (line 52)
-* Mathematical Reviews: Formats. (line 39)
+* Martin, Rick: Introduction. (line 54)
+* Mathematical Reviews: Formats. (line 35)
* mathematical typesetting: TeX. (line 6)
* mem file, determining: Determining the memory dump to use.
(line 6)
@@ -4074,7 +4094,7 @@ Index
* MetaPost: MetaPost. (line 6)
* MetaPost and plain Metafont compatibility: Initial MetaPost.
(line 15)
-* MetaPost input files: mpost invocation. (line 30)
+* MetaPost input files: mpost invocation. (line 26)
* MetaPost invocation: mpost invocation. (line 6)
* MetaPost source, prettyprinting: mft invocation. (line 79)
* MetaPost, initial: Initial MetaPost. (line 6)
@@ -4092,25 +4112,26 @@ Index
* MFTERM: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 11)
* mftmac.tex: mft invocation. (line 6)
-* micro-typography: TeX extensions. (line 20)
+* micro-typography: TeX extensions. (line 22)
* mktexmf, disabling: mf invocation. (line 24)
* mktextfM, disabling: tex invocation. (line 41)
* mltex: MLTeX. (line 6)
-* MLTeX, enabling: tex invocation. (line 107)
+* MLTeX, enabling: tex invocation. (line 108)
* mode needed to run Metafont: mf invocation. (line 48)
* modes file needed for Metafont: Modes. (line 6)
* modes.mf recommended modes file: Modes. (line 10)
* mode_def: Modes. (line 15)
* mode_setup: Modes. (line 15)
-* Morgan, Tim: Introduction. (line 42)
-* Morris, Bob: Introduction. (line 52)
+* modifying texmf.cnf in TeX Live: Runtime options. (line 56)
+* Morgan, Tim: Introduction. (line 43)
+* Morris, Bob: Introduction. (line 54)
* MPEDIT: Editor invocation. (line 10)
-* mpgraph.ps: mpost invocation. (line 18)
-* mpman.ps: mpost invocation. (line 6)
+* mpgraph.pdf: mpost invocation. (line 14)
+* mpman.pdf: mpost invocation. (line 6)
* mpost: mpost invocation. (line 6)
* mpost, reason for name change: Installation. (line 19)
-* mpout: mpost invocation. (line 35)
-* mproof.tex: mpost invocation. (line 70)
+* mpout: mpost invocation. (line 31)
+* mproof.tex: mpost invocation. (line 66)
* mptrap Make target: Additional targets. (line 41)
* mptrap test: Triptrap. (line 6)
* mptrap.readme: Triptrap. (line 6)
@@ -4133,31 +4154,34 @@ Index
(line 12)
* octal character codes, in TCX files: TCX files. (line 77)
* offset for overflow labels: gftodvi invocation. (line 59)
+* Omega: TeX extensions. (line 15)
* online Metafont graphics: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 6)
* opcodes, showing DVI: dvitype invocation. (line 52)
+* OpenType support: TeX extensions. (line 30)
* optical font scaling: Font file formats. (line 21)
* option conventions: Option conventions. (line 6)
* origin: pktype invocation. (line 66)
-* output directory, specifying: Common options. (line 66)
+* output directory, specifying: Common options. (line 71)
* output directory, specifying <1>: Output file location.
(line 15)
* output file location: Output file location.
(line 6)
* output files, written by TeX programs: tex invocation. (line 48)
-* output_comment for DVI files: tex invocation. (line 112)
+* output_comment for DVI files: tex invocation. (line 113)
* overflow label offset: gftodvi invocation. (line 59)
+* overflow, of runtime stack: Runtime options. (line 25)
* packet length: pktype invocation. (line 50)
* page, starting: dvicopy invocation. (line 28)
* page, starting <1>: dvitype invocation. (line 46)
-* parsing the first line: Common options. (line 72)
+* parsing the first line: Common options. (line 77)
* Pascal, creating from WEB: tangle invocation. (line 6)
* patgen: patgen invocation. (line 6)
* path searching: Path searching. (line 6)
-* path searching debugging: Common options. (line 59)
-* PDF: TeX extensions. (line 20)
-* PDF, and .mps files: mpost invocation. (line 86)
-* pdfTeX: TeX extensions. (line 20)
+* path searching debugging: Common options. (line 64)
+* PDF: TeX extensions. (line 22)
+* PDF, and .mps files: mpost invocation. (line 82)
+* pdfTeX: TeX extensions. (line 22)
* permissions, legal: Legalisms. (line 6)
* PFA and PFB conversion: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 39)
@@ -4196,16 +4220,16 @@ Index
(line 50)
* pooltype: pooltype invocation. (line 6)
* portable filenames: \input filenames. (line 25)
-* PostScript fonts, and Troff: mpost invocation. (line 65)
+* PostScript fonts, and Troff: mpost invocation. (line 61)
* PostScript meets Metafont: MetaPost. (line 6)
-* PostScript output: mpost invocation. (line 35)
+* PostScript output: mpost invocation. (line 31)
* PostScript to PK bitmaps: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 35)
* PostScript Type 1 font conversion: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 39)
* PostScript, and font scaling: Font file formats. (line 21)
* potrace: Font utilities available elsewhere.
- (line 46)
+ (line 42)
* predefined macros and memory dumps: Memory dumps. (line 6)
* prettyprinting Metafont source: mft invocation. (line 6)
* prettyprinting WEB programs: weave invocation. (line 6)
@@ -4215,11 +4239,11 @@ Index
* production use: Initial and virgin. (line 15)
* program name, determines memory dump: Determining the memory dump to use.
(line 30)
-* program names, special: Common options. (line 45)
-* program names, special <1>: Common options. (line 77)
-* program names, special <2>: tex invocation. (line 107)
-* prologues: mpost invocation. (line 115)
-* prologues, and EPSF output: mpost invocation. (line 80)
+* program names, special: Common options. (line 50)
+* program names, special <1>: Common options. (line 82)
+* program names, special <2>: tex invocation. (line 108)
+* prologues: mpost invocation. (line 111)
+* prologues, and EPSF output: mpost invocation. (line 76)
* proof mode: mf invocation. (line 48)
* proof sheets, of fonts: gftodvi invocation. (line 6)
* property list format: tftopl invocation. (line 43)
@@ -4227,19 +4251,21 @@ Index
* property list, converting VF to virtual: vftovp invocation. (line 6)
* ps2pk: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 35)
-* psfonts.map, read by MetaPost: mpost invocation. (line 80)
+* psfonts.map, read by MetaPost: mpost invocation. (line 76)
+* pTeX: TeX extensions. (line 44)
* PXL files, explained: Font file formats. (line 39)
* pxtoch: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 23)
* quoted filename for \input: \input quoted filename.
(line 6)
* Raichle, Bernd: MLTeX. (line 6)
-* reading, additional: Introduction. (line 60)
+* reading, additional: Introduction. (line 62)
* readonly directory, running TeX in: Output file location.
(line 15)
* readonly directory, running TeX in <1>: Output file location.
(line 19)
-* reallocation of arrays: Runtime options. (line 35)
+* reallocation of arrays: Runtime options. (line 45)
+* recursive expansion limit: Runtime options. (line 25)
* redefined character substitutions: \tracingcharsubdef. (line 6)
* reference pixel: pktype invocation. (line 66)
* references: References. (line 6)
@@ -4247,25 +4273,25 @@ Index
(line 39)
* Regis graphics support: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 40)
-* regression testing: tex invocation. (line 112)
+* regression testing: tex invocation. (line 113)
* repeated rows: pktype invocation. (line 76)
* representation of strings: pooltype invocation. (line 30)
* restricted shell escapes: Shell escapes. (line 6)
* right side bearing: pktype invocation. (line 66)
* right side bearing <1>: gftype invocation. (line 82)
-* Rokicki, Tomas: Introduction. (line 42)
+* Rokicki, Tomas: Introduction. (line 43)
* run length encoded bitmaps: pktype invocation. (line 76)
* run length encoded bitmaps <1>: gftype invocation. (line 89)
* runtime options: Runtime options. (line 6)
+* runtime stack overflow: Runtime options. (line 25)
* scaled pixels: pktype invocation. (line 57)
* scaled pixels <1>: gftype invocation. (line 106)
* scaling of fonts: Font file formats. (line 21)
-* scanned images of fonts: Font utilities available elsewhere.
- (line 42)
* security, and output files: tex invocation. (line 48)
* security, and shell escapes: Shell escapes. (line 6)
-* security, and write: mpost invocation. (line 92)
+* security, and write: mpost invocation. (line 88)
* security, and \openout: tex invocation. (line 48)
+* segmentation fault: Runtime options. (line 25)
* shapes: Metafont. (line 6)
* sharing memory dumps: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 6)
@@ -4276,20 +4302,21 @@ Index
(line 35)
* side bearings: pktype invocation. (line 66)
* side bearings <1>: gftype invocation. (line 82)
+* SIGSEGV: Runtime options. (line 25)
* slant font: gftodvi invocation. (line 39)
-* slides, producing: Formats. (line 61)
-* SliTeX: Formats. (line 61)
+* slides, producing: Formats. (line 57)
+* SliTeX: Formats. (line 57)
* small Metafont memory and modes: Modes. (line 15)
* smode and dynamic Metafont mode definition: Modes. (line 28)
* sockets: IPC and TeX. (line 6)
* space-terminated filenames: \input filenames. (line 10)
* Spiderweb: WEB. (line 12)
-* Stallman, Richard: Introduction. (line 52)
+* Stallman, Richard: Introduction. (line 54)
* starting page: dvicopy invocation. (line 28)
* starting page <1>: dvitype invocation. (line 46)
* Steele Jr., Guy L.: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 34)
-* stopping at the first error: Common options. (line 41)
+* stopping at the first error: Common options. (line 46)
* strategy, overall: Introduction. (line 17)
* string numbers, displaying: pooltype invocation. (line 6)
* string pool, writing: tangle invocation. (line 16)
@@ -4305,12 +4332,13 @@ Index
(line 43)
* SunView: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 43)
-* swap space, as array limit: Runtime options. (line 35)
+* swap space, as array limit: Runtime options. (line 45)
* swapping bytes: Hardware and memory dumps.
(line 13)
* syntax of TCX files: TCX files. (line 65)
* system C library function: Shell escapes. (line 6)
* system command: Shell escapes. (line 6)
+* system fonts, using: TeX extensions. (line 30)
* T1 encoding and ISO input: TCX files. (line 48)
* tabs, and \input filenames: \input filename caveats.
(line 6)
@@ -4318,6 +4346,7 @@ Index
* tangle: tangle invocation. (line 6)
* targets, additional Make: Additional targets. (line 6)
* TCX character translation files: TCX files. (line 6)
+* technical illustrations, creating: MetaPost. (line 6)
* tek: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 47)
* Tektronix: Online Metafont graphics.
@@ -4344,20 +4373,23 @@ Index
* TEXBIB, search path for bib files: bibtex invocation. (line 18)
* TEXEDIT: Editor invocation. (line 10)
* texfonts.map: Path searching. (line 14)
-* Texinfo: Formats. (line 47)
+* Texinfo: Formats. (line 43)
* texmf.cnf: Path searching. (line 6)
+* texmf.cnf <1>: Runtime options. (line 6)
+* texmf.cnf for editors: Editor invocation. (line 10)
+* texmf.cnf for shell escapes: Shell escapes. (line 6)
* texmfmp.c: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 79)
* TEXMFOUTPUT, used for reading: Output file location.
(line 25)
* TEXMFOUTPUT, used if . unwritable: Output file location.
(line 19)
+* texmf_casefold_search: Runtime options. (line 42)
* texput: tex invocation. (line 33)
* TFM files, converting property lists to: pltotf invocation. (line 6)
* TFM files, explained: Font file formats. (line 12)
-* TFM files, memory for: Runtime options. (line 25)
* TFM files, output by Metafont: mf invocation. (line 43)
-* TFM files, output by MetaPost: mpost invocation. (line 35)
+* TFM files, output by MetaPost: mpost invocation. (line 31)
* TFM width of characters: pktype invocation. (line 53)
* TFM width of characters <1>: gftype invocation. (line 112)
* tftopl: tftopl invocation. (line 6)
@@ -4370,19 +4402,21 @@ Index
* toolkits, X: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 59)
* torture tests: Triptrap. (line 6)
-* translation file for TeX, specifying: Common options. (line 98)
+* translation file for TeX, specifying: Common options. (line 103)
* translation from WEB to C: Introduction. (line 17)
* trap Make target: Additional targets. (line 41)
* trap test: Triptrap. (line 6)
* trapman.tex: Triptrap. (line 6)
-* Trickey, Howard: Introduction. (line 42)
+* Trickey, Howard: Introduction. (line 43)
* trip Make target: Additional targets. (line 41)
* trip test: Triptrap. (line 6)
* tripman.tex: Triptrap. (line 6)
* triptrap Make target: Additional targets. (line 41)
-* Troff, and MetaPost: mpost invocation. (line 65)
+* Troff, and MetaPost: mpost invocation. (line 61)
+* troff, supported in MetaPost: MetaPost. (line 12)
* Troff, WEB for: WEB. (line 12)
* Trojan horses and TeX programs: tex invocation. (line 48)
+* TrueType support: TeX extensions. (line 30)
* TUGboat bibliography: bibtex invocation. (line 58)
* Type 1 conversion: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 39)
@@ -4392,17 +4426,17 @@ Index
* type programs, PK: pktype invocation. (line 6)
* type programs, pool: pooltype invocation. (line 6)
* typeface families: Metafont. (line 6)
-* typeface specimen sheets: Font utilities available elsewhere.
- (line 42)
* typesetting: TeX. (line 6)
-* Unicode: TeX extensions. (line 14)
-* Unicode <1>: TeX extensions. (line 31)
+* Unicode: TeX extensions. (line 15)
* Unicode input: tex invocation. (line 86)
+* Unicode input, native: TeX extensions. (line 37)
* uniterm: Online Metafont graphics.
(line 50)
* unsrt.bst: Basic BibTeX style files.
(line 39)
+* upTeX: TeX extensions. (line 44)
* UTF-8 input: tex invocation. (line 86)
+* UTF-8 input, native: TeX extensions. (line 30)
* validation, of DVI files: dvitype invocation. (line 6)
* validation, of GF files: gftype invocation. (line 6)
* validation, of PK files: pktype invocation. (line 6)
@@ -4416,7 +4450,7 @@ Index
* vftovp: vftovp invocation. (line 6)
* virgin programs: Initial and virgin. (line 15)
* virtual font creation: Font utilities available elsewhere.
- (line 53)
+ (line 49)
* virtual fonts, expanding: dvicopy invocation. (line 6)
* virtual-fonts.knuth: Font file formats. (line 56)
* virtualfonts.txt: Font file formats. (line 56)
@@ -4428,7 +4462,7 @@ Index
* WEB programs, compiling: tangle invocation. (line 6)
* WEB programs, typesetting: weave invocation. (line 6)
* WEB2C, search path for TCX files: TCX files. (line 35)
-* Weber, Olaf: Introduction. (line 42)
+* Weber, Olaf: Introduction. (line 43)
* webmac.tex: weave invocation. (line 22)
* webman.tex: WEB. (line 12)
* whitespace, in TCX files: TCX files. (line 68)
@@ -4451,7 +4485,7 @@ Index
* xampl.bib: bibtex invocation. (line 55)
* xbfe, bitmap font editor: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 23)
-* XeTeX: TeX extensions. (line 31)
+* XeTeX: TeX extensions. (line 37)
* xfed, bitmap font editor: Font utilities available elsewhere.
(line 23)
* xfedor, bitmap font editor: Font utilities available elsewhere.
@@ -4471,79 +4505,79 @@ Index

Tag Table:
-Node: Top2765
-Node: Introduction3760
-Node: Installation6918
-Node: configure options9020
-Node: Compile-time options11042
-Node: Additional targets12144
-Node: Triptrap13421
-Node: Runtime options14948
-Node: Commonalities16706
-Node: Option conventions17307
-Node: Common options18530
-Node: Path searching22910
-Node: Output file location23882
-Node: Three programs25207
-Node: Initial and virgin25973
-Node: Memory dumps26902
-Node: Creating memory dumps27358
-Node: Determining the memory dump to use28569
-Node: Hardware and memory dumps30150
-Node: Editor invocation32600
-Node: \input filenames33467
-Node: \input quoted filename35012
-Node: \input braced filename35793
-Node: \input filename caveats36727
-Node: TeX38245
-Node: tex invocation39396
-Node: Initial TeX46299
-Node: Formats47663
-Node: Languages and hyphenation50589
-Node: MLTeX51019
-Node: \charsubdef52507
-Node: \tracingcharsubdef54830
-Node: TCX files55405
-Node: patgen invocation60845
-Node: Shell escapes61551
-Node: IPC and TeX65131
-Node: TeX extensions65701
-Node: Metafont66832
-Node: mf invocation68120
-Node: Initial Metafont71957
-Node: Modes73587
-Node: Online Metafont graphics75837
-Node: gftodvi invocation79262
-Node: mft invocation82082
-Node: MetaPost86080
-Node: mpost invocation86842
-Node: Initial MetaPost92018
-Node: dvitomp invocation92940
-Node: BibTeX93605
-Node: bibtex invocation93966
-Node: Basic BibTeX style files96440
-Node: WEB97770
-Node: tangle invocation98979
-Node: weave invocation101102
-Node: pooltype invocation102509
-Node: DVI utilities103639
-Node: dvicopy invocation104571
-Node: dvitype invocation105854
-Node: dvitype output example108183
-Node: Font utilities111234
-Node: Font file formats112414
-Node: gftopk invocation115683
-Node: pktogf invocation116874
-Node: pktype invocation118040
-Node: gftype invocation120863
-Node: tftopl invocation125366
-Node: pltotf invocation129959
-Node: vftovp invocation131010
-Node: vptovf invocation133245
-Node: Font utilities available elsewhere134272
-Node: Legalisms136652
-Node: References138806
-Node: Index143373
+Node: Top2759
+Node: Introduction3834
+Node: Installation7174
+Node: configure options9218
+Node: Compile-time options11240
+Node: Additional targets12342
+Node: Triptrap13619
+Node: Commonalities15122
+Node: Option conventions15655
+Node: Common options16878
+Node: Path searching21496
+Node: Output file location22468
+Node: Three programs23770
+Node: Runtime options24477
+Node: Initial and virgin27618
+Node: Memory dumps28567
+Node: Creating memory dumps29019
+Node: Determining the memory dump to use30226
+Node: Hardware and memory dumps31803
+Node: Editor invocation34249
+Node: \input filenames35112
+Node: \input quoted filename36665
+Node: \input braced filename37442
+Node: \input filename caveats38372
+Node: TeX39886
+Node: tex invocation41054
+Node: Initial TeX48039
+Node: Formats49403
+Node: Languages and hyphenation52220
+Node: MLTeX52650
+Node: \charsubdef54278
+Node: \tracingcharsubdef56601
+Node: TCX files57176
+Node: patgen invocation62616
+Node: Shell escapes63322
+Node: IPC and TeX66902
+Node: TeX extensions67472
+Node: Metafont69501
+Node: mf invocation70789
+Node: Initial Metafont74626
+Node: Modes76256
+Node: Online Metafont graphics78506
+Node: gftodvi invocation81931
+Node: mft invocation84751
+Node: MetaPost88749
+Node: mpost invocation89585
+Node: Initial MetaPost94619
+Node: dvitomp invocation95541
+Node: BibTeX96206
+Node: bibtex invocation96567
+Node: Basic BibTeX style files99041
+Node: WEB100371
+Node: tangle invocation101580
+Node: weave invocation103703
+Node: pooltype invocation105110
+Node: DVI utilities106240
+Node: dvicopy invocation107174
+Node: dvitype invocation108459
+Node: dvitype output example110790
+Node: Font utilities113843
+Node: Font file formats115023
+Node: gftopk invocation118292
+Node: pktogf invocation119483
+Node: pktype invocation120649
+Node: gftype invocation123472
+Node: tftopl invocation127975
+Node: pltotf invocation132568
+Node: vftovp invocation133619
+Node: vptovf invocation135854
+Node: Font utilities available elsewhere136881
+Node: Legalisms139086
+Node: References140532
+Node: Index144665

End Tag Table