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-
-\section More on Glosses
-
-\vskip-2ex
-\subsection User defined levels
-
-\begininventory
-\macros* \idx{|\defineglwlevels|}\endmc
-\endinventory
-%
-|\glb| and |\glc| are given definitions in {\it expex.tex\/}
-by the command |\defineglwlevels{b,c}|. The command also creates the
-parameters |everyglb|, |everyglc|, |aboveglbskip|, and |aboveglcskip|.
-|everyglb| and |everyglc| are initialized to empty token lists and
-|aboveglbskip| and |aboveglcskip| to \textdim{0 pt}. The user may want
-to use |\defineglwlevels| to create and name new gloss
-levels.
-
-For example, suppose more suggestive level names are
-desired.
-
-\codedisplay
-\defineglwlevels{cat,gloss}
-\lingset{everyglcat=\footnotesize,aboveglcatskip=-.5ex}|exbreak
-
-\ex
-\begingl
-\gla k- wapm -a -s'i -m -wapunin -uk //
-\glcat Cl V Agr Neg Agr Tns Agr //|par|allowbreak
-\glgloss 2 see 3{\sc acc} {} {2\sc pl} preterit {3\sc pl} //
-\glft `you (pl) didn't see them'//
-\endgl
-\xe
-|endcodedisplay
-produces
-
-\framedisplay
-\defineglwlevels{cat,gloss}
-\lingset{everyglcat=\footnotesize,aboveglcatskip=-.5ex}
-
-\ex
-\begingl
-\gla k- wapm -a -s'i -m -wapunin -uk //
-\glcat Cl V Agr Neg Agr Tns Agr //
-\glgloss 2 see {3\sc acc} {} {2\sc pl} preterit {3\sc pl} //
-\glft `you (pl) didn't see them'//
-\endgl
-\xe
-\endframedisplay
-
-Another instance in which the user might want to define a new gloss level
-or levels is if more than 3 lines of interlinear gloss are needed and
-the desired flexibility cannot be obtained by repeated use of |\glb|
-or |\glc|.
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\subsection Positioning the free translation to the right of the
-interlinear gloss
-
-\begininventory
-\parameters
-\idx{|glftpos|}& choice (|below| or |right|)& |below|\cr
-\idx{|sssep|}& dimension& 3\dimskip em\cr
-\idx{|ssratio|}& decimal& |.6 |\cr
-\idx{|ssrightskip|}& skip& 0\dimskip pt plus 2\dimskip em\cr
-\idx{|glhangstyle|}& |normal|, |none|, or |cascade|& |normal|\cr
-\endinventory
-
-\lingset{everygl=\openup.5ex,
- everyglword=\normalbaselines,everyglft=\normalbaselines,
- glhangindent=2em}
-
-\framedisplay
-\ex[glftpos=right,glhangstyle=none]
-\let\\=\textsc
-\begingl
-\gla
-Hom\^{a}o sa \v{c}\^{o} p\^{o} tha \~{n}u nao ng\u{a} hmua. \~{N}u
-dj\u{a} g\u{a}, \~{n}u dj\u{a} \v{c}\u{o}ng \~{n}u, laih gui r\^{e}o
-\~{n}u. Todang bboi r\^{o}k jolan \~{n}u nao hma, \~{n}u bb\^{o}h sa
-droi mr\u{a} d\u{o} bboi gah, a, hruh \~{n}u.//
-\glb
-\\{exist} one \\{clf} person old \\{3s} go do field \\{3s} hold
-machete \\{3s} hold hoe \\{3s} and carry.on.back back.basket \\{3s}
-while at along trail \\{3s} go field \\{3s} see one \\{clf} peacock
-stay at \\{drct} -- nest \\{3s}//
-\glft
-`There was an old person who went to work in the field. He took
-along his machete, he took along his hoe, and he carried his
-basket on his back. While he was on his way to the farm, he saw a
-peacock beside its nest.'//
-\endgl
-\xe
-\endframedisplay
-
-\noindent is achieved by
-\codedisplay~
-\ex[glftpos=right,glhangstyle=none]
-\let\\=\textsc
-\begingl
-\gla
-Hom\^{a}o sa \v{c}\^{o} p\^{o} tha \~{n}u nao ng\u{a} hmua. \~{N}u
-dj\u{a} g\u{a}, \~{n}u dj\u{a} \v{c}\u{o}ng \~{n}u, laih gui r\^{e}o
-\~{n}u. Todang bboi r\^{o}k jolan \~{n}u nao hma, \~{n}u bb\^{o}h sa
-droi mr\u{a} d\u{o} bboi gah, a, hruh \~{n}u.//
-\glb
-\\{exist} one \\{clf} person old \\{3s} go do field \\{3s} hold
-machete \\{3s} hold hoe \\{3s} and carry.on.back back.basket \\{3s}
-while at along trail \\{3s} go field \\{3s} see one \\{clf} peacock
-stay at \\{drct} -- nest \\{3s}//
-\glft
-`There was an old person who went to work in the field. He took
-along his machete, he took along his hoe, and he carried his
-basket on his back. While he was on his way to the farm, he saw a
-peacock beside its nest.'//
-\endgl
-\xe
-|endcodedisplay
-(This example, as well as (\getref{panelex}), was contributed by
-Joshua Jensen. It is from Jarai, an Austronesian language. The
-story teller was Hyech Ksor. The orthography here is somewhat
-simplified in order to keep the font requirements for the
-examples in this documentation elementary.)
-
-|ss| stands for ``side-by-side''. |sssep| gives the separation of the
-gloss and the free translation. |ssratio| gives the proportion of the
-available width that the gloss occupies. The point of hanging
-indentation is to visually separate the free translation and the
-gloss, so |glhangstyle=none| is completely satisfactory if the
-tree translation is on the right. But \ExPex\ will happily use
-hanging indentation with the free translation on the right.
-
-Line breaking in the free translation is delicate because it will
-generally set in a narrow column. The default setting of |ssrightskip|
-allows up to \textdim{2 em} departure from right alignment. This usually avoids
-overfull lines and awkward hyphenation. |ssrightskip| can be
-increased (all the way to \textdim{0 pt} plus \textdim{1 fil}) if there is a
-problem, at the cost of a more ragged appearance. This can be done
-globally, or simply in troublesome examples.
-
-\subsection Glosses with a side panel
-
-\begininventory
-\macros
-\idx{|\beginglpanel[]|}, \idx{|\endpanel|}\endmc
-\parameters*
-\idx{|everypanel|\user}& token list& |{}|\cr
-\endinventory
-The mechanism for positioning the free translation to the right of the
-interlinear gloss can be adapted to create a side panel for
-glosses which can be used for other purposes, as illustrated
-below.
-
-\framedisplay
-\ex[everypanel=\footnotesize]<panelex>
-\let\\=\textsc
-\beginglpanel[ssratio=.5,glhangstyle=none]
-\gla Hom\^{a}o$^1$ sa \v{c}\^{o} p\^{o} tha \~{n}u nao ng\u{a}
-hmua. \~{N}u dj\u{a} g\u{a}, \~{n}u dj\u{a} \v{c}\u{o}ng \~{n}u,
-laih gui r\^{e}o \~{n}u. Todang bboi r\^{o}k jolan \~{n}u nao
-hma, \~{n}u bb\^{o}h sa droi mr\u{a} d\u{o}$\,^4$ bboi gah, a, hruh
-\~{n}u.//
-\glb \\{exist} one \\{clf} person old \\{3s} go$^2$ do field
-\\{3s} hold machete \\{3s} hold hoe \\{3s} and$^3$ carry.on.back
-back.basket \\{3s} while at along trail \\{3s} go field \\{3s}
-see one \\{clf} peacock stay at \\{drct} -- nest \\{3s}
-//
-\endgl
-1.\enspace {\it hom\^{a}o} also means `have', reflecting the
-strong tendency across languages to use the same word for
-possession and the existential. {\it hom\^{a}o} is clause-initial
-in existential clauses, but it comes after the subject in
-possession clauses.
-
-2.\enspace All verbs are glossed with a bare form, as Jarai has
-no inflectional morphology. Although Jarai has lexical items that
-encode tense, they are relatively infrequent in text.
-
-3.\enspace The word {\it laih} is literally `after; finish', but
-that is clearly not the meaning here. Probably {\it laih} here is
-an abbreviation for {\it laih an\u{u}n}, `after that; and', hence
-the gloss `and'.
-
-4.\enspace {\it d\u{o}} `sit, stay' is used like a copula in
-locative clauses, which is what I assume here (`a~peacock
-[which was] beside its nest'); however, this could just as well
-mean `a peacock sitting beside its nest', retaining the posture
-semantics.
-\endpanel
-\bigskip
-`There was an old person who went to work in the field. He took
-along his machete, he took along his hoe, and he carried his
-basket on his back. While he was on his way to the farm, he saw a
-peacock beside its nest.'
-\xe
-\endframedisplay
-
-The syntax is:
-\codedisplay
-\beginglpanel |dots \endgl |dots \endpanel
-|endcodedisplay
-The first part is the gloss, with the usual syntax. The second
-part is put in a vbox and set alongside the gloss. The tokens
-|lingeverypanel| are inserted when the vbox begins. All of the
-parameters which are special to positioning the free translation
-to the right of the gloss apply here as well, with the obvious
-meanings.
-
-The complete code for the example above is:
-
-\codedisplay
-\ex[everypanel=\footnotesize]<panelex>
-\def\\#1{{\footnotesize\uppercase{#1}}}%
-\let\\=\textsc
-\beginglpanel[ssratio=.5,glhangstyle=none]
-\gla Hom\^{a}o$^1$ sa \v{c}\^{o} p\^{o} tha \~{n}u nao ng\u{a}
-hmua. \~{N}u dj\u{a} g\u{a}, \~{n}u dj\u{a} \v{c}\u{o}ng \~{n}u,
-laih gui r\^{e}o \~{n}u. Todang bboi r\^{o}k jolan \~{n}u nao
-hma, \~{n}u bb\^{o}h sa droi mr\u{a} d\u{o}$\,^4$ bboi gah, a, hruh
-\~{n}u.//
-\glb \\{exist} one \\{clf} person old \\{3s} go$^2$ do field
-\\{3s} hold machete \\{3s} hold hoe \\{3s} and$^3$ carry.on.back
-back.basket \\{3s} while at along trail \\{3s} go field \\{3s}
-see one \\{clf} peacock stay at \\{drct} -- nest \\{3s}//
-\endgl
-1.\enspace {\it hom\^{a}o} also means `have', reflecting the
-strong tendency across languages to use the same word for
-possession and the existential. {\it hom\^{a}o} is clause-initial
-in existential clauses, but it comes after the subject in
-possession clauses.
-
-2.\enspace All verbs are glossed with a bare form, as Jarai has
-no inflectional morphology. Although Jarai has lexical items that
-encode tense, they are relatively infrequent in text.
-
-3.\enspace The word {\it laih} is literally `after; finish', but
-that is clearly not the meaning here. Probably {\it laih} here is
-an abbreviation for {\it laih an\u{u}n}, `after that; and', hence
-the gloss `and'.
-
-4.\enspace {\it d\u{o}} `sit, stay' is used like a copula in
-locative clauses, which is what I assume here (`a~peacock [which
-was] beside its nest'); however, this could just as well mean `a
-peacock sitting beside its nest', retaining the posture
-semantics.
-\endpanel
-\bigskip
-`There was an old person who went to work in the field. He took
-along his machete, he took along his hoe, and he carried his
-basket on his back. While he was on his way to the farm, he saw a
-peacock beside its nest.'
-\xe
-|endcodedisplay
-Note that the free translation here comes after |\endpanel| and is
-typeset the way any material inside an |\ex| construction is
-typeset. This allows it to have full width, spanning both the
-gloss and notes. It could have been part of the gloss, with a
-different result.
-
-No support is given to side note numbering. It must be done ``by
-hand''. If the construction turns out to be sufficiently useful
-and hand numbering is sufficiently tedious, a more automatic
-scheme might be possible. It would not be trivial, because the
-order in which the notes appear inside the gloss before it is
-typeset is not necessarily the same as the order in which they
-appear after it is typeset.
-
-\subsection Cascading hanging indentation in glosses
-
-\raggedbottom
-\lingset{glhangindent=.25in,everygl=\openup.5ex,
- everyglword=\normalbaselines,everyglft=\normalbaselines,
- abovemoreglskip=1ex}
-
-\lingset{glhangstyle=none}
-\framedisplay
-\ex[glhangstyle=cascade]
-\let\\=\textsc
-\begingl
-\gla
-Hom\^{a}o sa \v{c}\^{o} p\^{o} tha \~{n}u nao ng\u{a} hmua. \~{N}u
-dj\u{a} g\u{a}, \~{n}u dj\u{a} \v{c}\u{o}ng \~{n}u, laih gui r\^{e}o
-\~{n}u. Todang bboi r\^{o}k jolan \~{n}u nao hma, \~{n}u bb\^{o}h sa
-droi mr\u{a} d\u{o} bboi gah, a, hruh \~{n}u.//
-\glb
-\\{exist} one \\{clf} person old \\{3s} go do field \\{3s} hold
-machete \\{3s} hold hoe \\{3s} and carry.on.back back.basket \\{3s}
-while at along trail \\{3s} go field \\{3s} see one \\{clf} peacock
-stay at \\{drct} -- nest \\{3s}//
-\glft
-`There was an old person who went to work in the field. He took
-along his machete, he took along his hoe, and he carried his
-basket on his back. While he was on his way to the farm, he saw a
-peacock beside its nest.'//
-\endgl
-\xe
-\endframedisplay
-
-is achieved by
-\codedisplay~
-\ex[glhangstyle=cascade]
-\let\\=\textsc
-\begingl
-\gla
-Hom\^{a}o sa \v{c}\^{o} p\^{o} tha \~{n}u nao ng\u{a} hmua. \~{N}u
-dj\u{a} g\u{a}, \~{n}u dj\u{a} \v{c}\u{o}ng \~{n}u, laih gui r\^{e}o
-\~{n}u. Todang bboi r\^{o}k jolan \~{n}u nao hma, \~{n}u bb\^{o}h sa
-droi mr\u{a} d\u{o} bboi gah, a, hruh \~{n}u.//
-\glb
-\\{exist} one \\{clf} person old \\{3s} go do field \\{3s} hold
-machete \\{3s} hold hoe \\{3s} and carry.on.back back.basket \\{3s}
-while at along trail \\{3s} go field \\{3s} see one \\{clf} peacock
-stay at \\{drct} -- nest \\{3s}//
-\glft
-`There was an old person who went to work in the field. He took
-along his machete, he took along his hoe, and he carried his
-basket on his back. While he was on his way to the farm, he saw a
-peacock beside its nest.'//
-\endgl
-\xe
-|endcodedisplay
-
-\subsection Gloss underfixes
-
-\begininventory
-\macros* \idx{|\gluf|}\endmc
-\parameters
-\idx{|glufcloseup|}& dimension& \textdim{.4 ex}\cr
-\idx{|everygluf|}& token list& |{}|\cr
-\endinventory
-
-\noindent Sometimes, gloss displays like the following are
-desired, with grammatical markings written below the gloss.
-
-\framedisplay
-\ex[glhangstyle=normal,glufcloseup=.4ex,everygluf=\footnotesize]
-\begingl
-\gla Mary$_i$ ist sicher, dass es den Hans nicht st\"oren
- w\"urde seiner Freundin ihr$_i$ Herz auszusch\"utten.//
-\glb Mary is sure that it \gluf/the/ACC/ Hans not annoy would
- \gluf/his/DAT/ \gluf/girlfriend/DAT/ \gluf/her/ACC/
- \gluf/heart/ACC/ {out to throw}//
-\glft `Mary is sure that to reveal her heart to his girlfriend
-would not damage John.'//
-\endgl
-\xe
-\endframedisplay
-
-\ExPex\ provides the macro |\gluf| which can be used to
-construct such a display.
-
-\codedisplay
-\ex[glhangstyle=normal,glufcloseup=.4ex,everygluf=\footnotesize]
-\begingl
-\gla Mary$_i$ ist sicher, dass es den Hans nicht st\"oren
- w\"urde seiner Freundin ihr$_i$ Herz auszusch\"utten.//
-\glb Mary is sure that it \gluf/the/ACC/ Hans not annoy would
- \gluf/his/DAT/ \gluf/girlfriend/DAT/ \gluf/her/ACC/
- \gluf/heart/ACC/ {out to throw}//
-\glft `Mary is sure that to reveal her heart to his girlfriend
-would not damage John.'//
-\endgl
-\xe
-|endcodedisplay
-
-The grammatical markings are essentially ``underfixes'' (rather than
-prefixes or suffixes), hence the name ``gluf'' (gl underfix). When the
-underfix is typeset, the value of |everygluf| is first inserted. It
-is provided so that the user has control of the font used to typeset
-the underfixes. The value of |glufcloseup| determines how much the
-baselineskip between the underfix and the underfixed word is closed
-up. Without some closeup, the underfixes are not positioned close
-enough to the glosses they modify (in my opinion). The macro |\gluf|
-centers the underfix below the word it annotates. Its syntax should
-be clear from the example above.
-
-