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-
-%\makeatletter
-%\def\showpex{%
-% \edef\resetexcnt{\noexpand\global\noexpand\excnt=\the\excnt}%
-% \quad
-% \psscalebox{1.5}{%
-% \vrule height.5em depth4.6em width0pt
-% \parindent=0pt
-% \leavevmode
-% \Lingset{numoffset=4.5em,preambleoffset=4em,labeloffset=3em,
-% textoffset=4em,labelwidth=.8em,arrows=<->}
-% \pnode(0,0){A}
-% \lower10ex\vbox{\hsize=3.8in
-% \excnt=23
-% \pex
-% \pnode(-\lingpreambleoffset,0){B3}\pnode{B4}
-% This is the preamble.
-% \a \pnode{E4}%
-% This is an example.%
-% \SpecialCoor
-% \rput(A|B3){\pnode{B1}}
-% \rput(B1){\pnode(\lingnumoffset,0){B2}}
-% \rput(E4){\pnode(-\lingtextoffset,0){E3}}
-% \rput(E3){\pnode(-\linglabelwidth,0){E2}}
-% \rput(E2){\pnode(-\linglabeloffset,0){E1}}
-% \psset{nodesep=0,labelsep=0}
-% \pcline[offset=2.5ex](B1)(B2)
-% \Aput{\strut\eighttt numoffset}
-% \pcline[offset=2.5ex](B3)(B4)
-% \Aput{\strut\eighttt preambleoffset}
-% \pcline[offset=-1.5ex](E1)(E2)
-% \Bput{\strut\eighttt labeloffset}
-% \pcline[offset=-1.5ex](E3)(E4)
-% \Bput{\strut\eighttt textoffset}
-% \psset{offset=0,angle=90,linestyle=dotted,arrows=-}
-% \XKV@for@n{1,2,3,4}\which{%
-% \pcline(B\which)([nodesep=3ex]B\which)}%
-% \XKV@for@n{1,2,3,4}\which{%
-% \pcline([nodesep=1.5ex]E\which)([nodesep=-2ex]E\which)}%
-% \xe}}%
-% \resetexcnt
-%}
-%\resetatcatcode
-%--------------------------------------
-\section More on examples, with and without labeled parts
-
-\deftagsec{advanced}
-In this section, we take up complications and fine points. Users
-should ignore it until they face a problem that the earlier
-sections do not deal with.
-
-\subsection Relative versus fixed dimensions
-
-{\it Tex\/} has two kinds of dimensional units. Dimensions
-specified in term of ``pts'', ``inches'', ``cm'', etc. are fixed.
-Dimensions specified in terms of the units ``em'' or ``ex'' are
-relative to the particular text font that is current.
-Historically, an em is the width of a capital M and an ex is the
-height of a lowercase x. This is still more or less true, but
-each font is free to specify the equivalents in any way that it
-sees fit. The difference has important implications for
-parameter setting. A value specified in terms of em or ex units
-can be used without change in both the main text and footnotes,
-for example. If we set |textoffset=1em| at the beginning of a
-document, the proportions will stay the same whether we used 10pt
-or 12pt type, or 8 or 9 pt type in footnotes.
-If the document is set in 12pt type, and 1em is specified to be
-12pt in that main text font, it makes no difference for
-typesetting in the main text font whether we set |textoffset=1em|
-or |textoffset=12pt|. But it does make a difference in sections
-of the document where a font with a different em dimension is
-used. If we switch to a font with a 10pt em unit, then the first
-specification will give a physical offset of 10pt, but the second
-will give a physical offset of 12pt.
-
-When a dimension or skip parameter is reset by incrementing the old
-value, the new value is specified as a fixed dimension, which will
-not scale with font changes. The same is true of setting lengths
-indirectly by setting |labelwidth| or |exnowidth|. Adjusting a
-parameter by incrementing the old value, or using |samplelabel|
-or |exnowidth| to set the width of the label slot or the
-effective width of the example number, should only be used to
-make local adjustments, not at a level which has font size
-changes in its scope. For this reason, {\sl expex.tex\/}
-specifies the label width in the label type |alpha| by
-|labelwidth=.72em|, not by |samplelabel=a.|.\footnote{%
-In the font
-that I happen to be using to write this section, the alphabetical
-labels (including the period) a--d have widths varying from
-\textdim{.694 em} to \textdim{.75 em}; the capital labels A--D
-have widths varying from \textdim{.917 em} to \textdim{.972 em};
-and the integer labels for 1 to 9 all have width \textdim{.75
-em}. The label width settings for the label types |alpha|
-(\textdim{.72 em}) and |caps| (\textdim{.94 em}) are good
-compromises.}
-Setting |labelwidth| via the second method would only be
-satisfactory if the fonts in force at the points that |\pex| is
-used is the same as the font in force when {\sl expex.tex\/} is
-input and the |alpha| style defined.
-
-\subsection Anchoring
-
-\deftagsec{anchors}%
-\begininventory
-\parameters
-\idx{|labelanchor|}& |numright|, |numleft|, or |margin|&
- |numright|\cr
-\idx{|preambleanchor|}& |numright|, |labelleft|, or |text|&
- |numright|\cr
-\idx{|textanchor|}& |numleft| or |normal|& |normal|\cr
-\endinventory
-%\sidx{|numleft| (|textanchor| value)}%
-%\sidx{|normal| (|textanchor| value)}%
-%
-Initially, the left edge of the label slot is determined by its
-offset from the right edge of the number, the left edge of the
-preamble is also determined by its offset from the left edge of
-the number, and the left edge of the text is determined by its
-offset from the right edge of the label slot. But the ``anchor''
-for an offset is parametrized. In the example below, it is
-useful to anchor the labeloffset at the left edge of the example
-number.
-
-\begingroup
-\setss .55 .38
-\beginss
-\pex[exno={[47, partially repeated from
- p. 32]},labelanchor=numleft,
- exnoformat=X,labeloffset=1.5em]
-\par
-\a[label=b] first
-\a[label=d] second
-\a[label=g] third
-\xe|midss
-%\pex[exno={47, partially repeated from
-% p. 32},labelanchor=numleft,exnoformat={[X]},
-% labeloffset=1.5em]
-\pex[exno={[47, partially repeated from
- p. 32]},labelanchor=numleft,exnoformat=X,
- labeloffset=1.5em]
-\par
-\a[label=b] first
-\a[label=d] second
-\a[label=g] third
-\xe
-\endss
-\endgroup
-\noindent Braces are needed in the specification of the
-value of |exno|, otherwise |\pex| would think that the key |exno|
-was set to the value |[47| and try to set the key |partially
-repeated from p. 32| to its default value. |exnoformat| is set to |X|
-so that parentheses are not put around the special exno.
-
-The following would work equally well:
-
-\def\stuff{$\vdots$}
-\codedisplay
-\pex[exno={47, partially repeated from
- p. 32},labelanchor=numleft,exnoformat={[X]},
- labeloffset=1.5em]
- |stuff
-|endcodedisplay
-Braces are needed around |[X]| so that the mechanism that reads the
-optional argument of |\pex| does not interpret the right bracket as
-the right delimiter of the optional argument.
-
-The |normal| setting of |textanchor| anchors the text at the
-right edge of the number for |\ex| constructions and the right edge
-of the label slot for |\pex| constructions.
-
-Here is another example:
-\beginss
-\lingset{textanchor=numleft,
- labelanchor=numleft,
- labeloffset=.35in,
- textoffset=.7in}
-\pex[exno=9]
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-\bigskip
-\pex[exno=10]
-\a first
-\a[label=aa] second
-\xe|midss
-\lingset{textanchor=numleft,
- labelanchor=numleft,
- labeloffset=.35in,
- textoffset=.7in}
-\pex[exno=9]
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-\bigskip
-\pex[exno=10]
-\a first
-\a[label=aa] second
-\xe
-\endss
-\noindent Some publications demand this style, in which both the
-label and text offsets are measured from the left edge of the
-number, or from the margin. It is a relic of typewriter days with
-mechanical tabs.
-
-\subsection Formatting the labels
-
-\begininventory
-\parameters
-\idx{|everylabel|}& token list\qquad& |{}|\cr
-\idx{|labelformat|}& \dots\ |A| \dots & |A.|\cr
-\endinventory
-\deftagpage{labelformatpage}
-%
-\noindent The token list |everylabel| is inserted just before labels
-are typeset. It is grouped so that it affects only the label. The
-main use is to set the font used for the labels if it differs from the
-font in the running text. For example:
-
-\beginss
-\pex[everylabel=\it]
-\a one
-\a two
-\xe|midss
-\pex[everylabel=\it]<everylabel1>
-\a one
-\a two
-\xe
-\endss
-
-There are other uses aside from setting the label font.
-
-\beginss
-\pex[everylabel=A,labeltype=numeric,
- samplelabel=A1.]
-\a An example
-\a An example
-\a An example
-\xe|midss
-\pex[everylabel=A,labeltype=numeric,
- samplelabel=A1.]
-\a An example
-\a An example
-\a An example
-\xe
-\endss
-
-The effect of the value of |labelformat| is illustrated in
-(\nextx).
-
-\setss .6 .35
-
-\beginss
-\pex[labelformat=$\langle$A$\rangle$,
- samplelabel=$\langle$a$\rangle$]
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe|midss
-\pex[labelformat=$\langle A\rangle$,
- samplelabel=$\langle A\rangle$]
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-\endss
-
-The example above is fanciful, but one sometimes sees examples in the
-format below.
-
-\beginss
-\pex[exnoformat=X.,labeltype=roman,
- labelformat=(A),samplelabel=(iii)]
-\a first
-\a second
-\a third
-\a fourth
-\xe|midss
-\pex[exnoformat=X.,labeltype=roman,
- labelformat=(A),samplelabel=(iii)]<sometimes>
-\a first
-\a second
-\a third
-\a fourth
-\xe
-\endss
-
-The label formatting mechanism is primitive.
-|labelformat| must
-be of the form\medskip
-\centerline{$\rm \langle balanced\
-text\rangle\thinspace|A|\thinspace \langle balanced\ text\rangle$}
-\medskip
-\noindent The pre-A text is inserted before the label (including
-the material specified by |everylabel|) and the post-A text is
-inserted after the label. The balanced text cannot contain the
-character |A|. {\it Balanced text\/} is a string of tokens with
-properly nested (explicit) braces. No error checking is done to
-ensure that the format specification has the required form, so be
-careful. An error might lead to very obscure error messages.
-
-There is some redundancy. The following is an alternate way to get
-the effect in (\getref{everylabel1}) using |labelformat| instead of
-|everylabel|.
-
-\beginss
-\pex[labelformat=\it A.]
-\a one
-\a two
-\xe|midss
-\pex[labelformat=\it A.]
-\a one
-\a two
-\xe
-\endss
-
-Another style sometimes found in footnotes is like the one in
-(\getref{sometimes}), except that the labels are right aligned in the
-label slot.
-
-\subsection Aligning the labels
-
-\begininventory
-\parameters
-\idx{|labelalign|}& |left|, |right|, or |margin|&
- \hfil |left|\cr
-\endinventory
-
-\noindent There is a choice of left, right, or center alignment of the
-labels in the label slot. This is chosen by the parameter
-\idx{|labelalign|}, which can be set to |left|, |center|, or |right|.
-For example,
-
-\beginss
-\pex[exno=43,labeltype=roman,
- labelformat=(A),labelalign=right,
- samplelabel=(iii)]
-\a first
-\a second
-\a third
-\a fourth
-\xe|midss
-\pex[exno=43,labeltype=roman,
- labelformat=(A),labelalign=right,
- samplelabel=(iii)]
-\a first
-\a second
-\a third
-\a fourth
-\xe
-\endss
-This style looks odd to me, but this is the style for multipart examples
-{\it in the main text\/} in Chomsky's {\it Lectures on Government
-and Binding}. In footnotes, the style is:
-
-\beginss
-\pex[exno=i,labeltype=alpha,
- samplelabel=(a),labelformat=(A)]
-\a first
-\a second
-\a third
-\a fourth
-\xe|midss
-\pex[exno=i,labeltype=alpha,
- samplelabel=(a),labelformat=(A)]
-\a first
-\a second
-\a third
-\a fourth
-\xe
-\endss
-
-If you look carefully, the vertical column of parts labels in the last
-example looks somewhat ragged because the width of ``(b)'' is
-slightly larger than the width of ``(c)''. Center alignment of the
-labels gives a neater appearance.
-
-\beginss
-\pex[exno=i,labeltype=alpha,
- samplelabel=(a),labelformat=(A),
- labelalign=center]
-\a first
-\a second
-\a third
-\a fourth
-\xe|midss
-\pex[exno=i,labeltype=alpha,
- samplelabel=(a),labelformat=(A),
- labelalign=center]
-\a first
-\a second
-\a third
-\a fourth
-\xe
-\endss
-
-For more ordinary |\pex| constructions which use the letters or
-numbers which have roughly the same width, label alignment is not
-a significant concern. But if labels include, for example, the
-narrow letter ``i'' and the wide letter ``m'', as below, label
-alignment has a noticeable effect on the appearance. Individual
-tastes (and publisher's demands) may differ, but I prefer center
-alignment in these cases.
-
-\line{%
-\lingset{belowpreambleskip=.4ex,interpartskip=.3ex,
- everyex=\advance\pexcnt by 8,samplelabel=m.}%
-\hsize=.33\hsize
-\vbox{%
-\pex[labelalign=left]<triplea1>
-{\it left aligned labels}
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\xe}%
-\vbox{%
-\pex[labelalign=center]
-{\it center aligned labels}
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\xe}
-\vbox{%
-\pex[labelalign=right]<triplea3>
-{\it right aligned labels}
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\xe}}
-
-If the labels are numeric, label alignment can have an even bigger
-effect. Again, individual tastes and publishers' demands may
-differ. My preference is right alignment in this case.
-
-\line{%
-\lingset{interpartskip=.3ex,labeltype=numeric,
- everyex=\advance\pexcnt by 6,samplelabel=10.}%
-\hsize=.33\hsize
-\vbox{%
-\pex[labelalign=left]<tripleb1>
-{\it left aligned labels}
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\xe}\hfil
-\vbox{%
-\pex[labelalign=center]
-{\it center aligned labels}
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\xe}\hfil
-\vbox{%
-\pex[labelalign=right]<tripleb3>
-{\it right aligned labels}
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\a A typical example.
-\xe}}
-
-The initial setting is left alignment for letters (either
-uppercase or lowercase) and right alignment for numbers. Unless
-numbers or letters of significantly different widths appear as
-labels, most users will not notice the difference and can safely
-ignore the issue.
-
-It is a side issue, but the reader may have wondered how
-(\getref{triplea1}--\getref{triplea3}) and
-(\getref{tripleb1}--\getref{tripleb3}) were typeset. The idea is
-simple. You say:
-
-\codedisplay
-\line{\divide\hsize by 3
- \vbox{\pex|verbdots \xe}\hss
- \vbox{\pex|verbdots\xe}\hss
- \vbox{\pex|verbdots \xe}}
-|endcodedisplay
-|\hss| is used to give a little stretch or shrink so that
-dimensional rounding does not lead to an under or overfull
-|\line{| \dots|}|. It is important in examples like this that
-|\pexcnt| is incremented globally, so that the latter vboxes see
-the |\excnt| which results from an operation inside a previous
-vbox. We will see later that in some situations this behaviour
-is not desirable and how it can be altered.
-
-Variations are useful. One can easily imagine a situation in
-which something like the following is appropriate for two side by
-side examples.
-
-\codedisplay
-\line{%
- \vbox{\hsize=.55\hsize \pex|verbdots \xe}\hss
- \vbox{\hsize=.45\hsize \pex|verbdots \xe}}
-|endcodedisplay
-
-
-\subsection User designed labeling
-
-\begininventory
-\macros* \idx{|\definelabeltype|}\endmc
-\counter \idx{|\pexcnt|}\endmc
-\parameters
-\idx{|labelgen|}& |char|, |number|, or |list|&
- |char|\cr
-|pexcnt|\sidx{|pexcnt|, parameter}& integer& |97|\cr
-\idx{|labellist|}& comma separated list& |{}|\cr
-\endinventory
-%
-If |labeltype| is set to |alpha|, the counter |\pexcnt| is set to
-97, the character code of lowercase a in standard roman font
-sets, and |labelgen| is set to |char|. The successive labels are
-generated by taking the character corresponding to |\pexcnt| and
-stepping the counter by 1. This relies on the fact that the
-alphabetical sequence of characters corresponds to the numerical
-order of the character codes of the characters. Setting
-|labeltype| to |caps| is almost the same, except that |\pexcnt|
-is initialized to 65, the character code of uppercase A. If
-|labeltype| is set to |numeric|, |labelgen| is set to |number|
-and |\pexcnt| is initialized to 1. The labels are generated by
-taking the number corresponding to the value of |\pexcnt|.
-
-\let\mit=\twelvei
-Something like the following might be useful. In the format I am
-using, |\mit| selects a math italics font which has the lowercase
-greek letters starting with the position 11.
-
-\beginss
-\pex[labelgen=char,pexcnt=11,
- everylabel=\mit]
-\a
-\a
-\a
-\a
-\xe|midss
-\pex[labelgen=char,pexcnt=11,
- everylabel=\mit]
-\a
-\a
-\a
-\a
-\xe
-\endss
-\noindent This scheme has a quirk if labels above $\xi$ are
-needed because the correspondence between numerical order and
-alphabetical order breaks down at this point. {\it o} will be
-missing, with $\pi$ following $\xi$.
-
-This labeling scheme can be defined by:
-\codedisplay
-\definelabeltype{greekmath}{labelgen=char,pexcnt=11,everylabel=\mit,
- labelformat=A.}
-|endcodedisplay
-%
-Then |\pex[labeltype=greekmath]| is sufficient to
-invoke this labeling style.
-
-If a sequence of character labels is needed which does not appear
-in sequence in a font, it is necessary to generate the labels
-from a list. Documents in Greek, for example, face the following
-problem. Roman letters were largely borrowed from the Greek
-alphabet, but Greek alphabetical order was not. Common greek
-fonts place letters in the position of the borrowing, not in
-their natural order in the Greek alphabet. Documents written in
-Greek, therefore, will have to generate the labels in multipart
-examples from a list. The solution is to set |labelgen| to
-|list|, and |labellist| to the desired list of labels.
-
-For example, suppose the label type |greek| is defined by
-\codedisplay
-\definelabeltype{greek}{labelgen=list,
- labellist={a,b,g,d,e,z,h,j,i,k,l,m,n,x,o,p,r,sv,t,u,f,q,y,w}}
-|endcodedisplay
-%
-and that |\gr| selects one of the grmn series of fonts
-in the cb family of Greek fonts.
-
-\begingroup
-%\let\gr=\twelverm
-\font\gr=grmn1200
-\gr
-
-\definelabeltype{greek}{labelgen=list,
- labellist={a,b,g,d,e,z,h,j,i,k,l,m,n,x,o,p,r,sv,t,u,f,q,y,w}}
-\lingset{labeltype=greek}
-
-\beginss
-\gr
-\pex[labeltype=greek]
-\a {\rm a,b,g,d,e,z}
-\a a,b,g,d,e,z
-\a {\rm a,b,c,d,e,f}
-\a a,b,c,d,e,f
-\a {\rm A,B,G,D,E,Z}
-\a A,B,G,D,E,Z
-\xe|midss
-\pex[labeltype=greek]
-\a {\rm a,b,g,d,e,z}
-\a a,b,g,d,e,z
-\a {\rm a,b,c,d,e,f}
-\a a,b,c,d,e,f
-\a {\rm A,B,G,D,E,Z}
-\a A,B,G,D,E,Z
-\xe
-\endss
-\endgroup
-
-\noindent ``sv'' appears in the list rather than ``v'' so that a
-nonfinal sigma is produced rather than a final sigma. They
-differ. ``v'' produces what amounts to a vertical strut of zero
-width, making the sigma nonfinal, but contributing no visible
-material. (Thanks to Christos Vlachos for this idea.)
-
-Of course, if the entire document is written in Greek, then
-\exfrag
-|\lingset{labeltype=greek}|
-\xe
-should have global scope, so that parameter
-setting is not necessary in each |\pex| construction.
-
-The computation is more efficient if the label list is shorter,
-so the label list should not be much longer than the longest list
-you anticipate using. If more labels are called for than the
-list provides, labeling starts over again at the beginning and a
-warning is issued.
-
-\subsection The parameter {\tt sampleexno}
-
-\begininventory
-\parameters*
-\idx{|sampleexno|}& token list& \hfil |{}|\cr
-\endinventory
-%
-In some publications, if two examples are close together in the
-running text and the widths of the typeset example numbers are
-different, the offsets are modified so that the texts in the two
-examples are aligned. The following is considered, under this
-stringent aesthetic, to be less than ideal.
-
-\framedisplay
-\keepexcntlocal \excnt=9
-\pex
-\a I consider firemen available. (generic only)
-\a I consider firemen intelligent. (generic only)
-\xe
-Exceptional case marking (ECM) verbs seem more or less to allow both
-existential and generic interpretations of complement subjects:
-\pex
-\a I believe firemen to be available. (both generic and existential)
-\a I believe violists to be intelligent. (generic only)
-\xe
-\endframedisplay
-
-\ExPex\ provides the parameter |sampleexno| to handle this formatting
-problem. If the parameter is set to the empty token list, it has no
-effect of the formatting. If it is set to a nonempty token list, that
-token list is put in an hbox and its width is taken to be the
-effective typeset width of the example number.
-
-\framedisplay
-\keepexcntlocal \excnt=9
-\pex[sampleexno=(10)]
-\a I consider firemen available. (generic only)
-\a I consider firemen intelligent. (generic only)
-\xe
-Exceptional case marking (ECM) verbs seem more or less to allow both
-existential and generic interpretations of complement subjects:
-\pex
-\a I believe firemen to be available. (both generic and existential)
-\a I believe violists to be intelligent. (generic only)
-\xe
-\endframedisplay
-\codedisplay~
-\pex[sampleexno=(10)]
-\a I consider firemen available. (generic only)
-\a I consider firemen intelligent. (generic only)
-\xe
-Exceptional case marking (ECM) verbs seem more or less to allow both
-existential and generic interpretations of complement subjects:
-\pex
-\a I believe firemen to be available. (both generic and existential)
-\a I believe violists to be intelligent. (generic only)
-\xe
-|endcodedisplay
-
-This kind of fine tuning should only be done at the immediately
-pre-publication point because it depends upon the final
-assignment of example numbers and an aesthetic judgement of when
-two multipart examples are ``visually close'' in the finished
-product.
-
-It seems to be common for publishers to do fine tuning of this
-sort in footnotes. There are two reasons for this. First,
-lowercase roman numerals are commonly used and their widths vary
-noticeably. Second, only a few examples are involved, assuming
-that examples numbers in a footnote start at (i), so the final
-assignments of example numbers is relatively easy to determine.
-The role of |sampleexno| in footnotes is taken up in Section
-\getref{fns}.
-
-\subsection IJAL style format of multiline examples
-
-\begininventory
-\macros* \idx{|\actualexno|}\endmc
-\parametersdef
-\idx{|avoidnumlabelclash|}& boolean& |false|& |true|\cr
-\idx{|appendtopexarg|}& token list& |{}|\cr
-\endinventory
-The formatting demands of the International Journal of
-American Linguistics (IJAL) require some additional
-parametrization. Multipart examples look like this:
-
-\definelingstyle{IJAL}{%
- avoidnumlabelclash=true,
- labelanchor=numleft,labeloffset=0pt,
- textanchor=normal,textoffset=1em,
- preambleanchor=text,preambleoffset=0pt,
- labelformat=(A),
- everylabel=\actualexno,
- appendtopexarg={samplelabel=(\actualexno a)}
- }%
-\begingroup
-
-\lingset{lingstyle=IJAL}
-\pex[exno=4]<nonum>
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-
-\pex~[exno=64]
-Preamble
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-
-\pex~[exno=1025]
-Preamble
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-\endgroup
-
-A first approximation is
-
-\codedisplay
-\lingset{labelanchor=numleft,labeloffset=0pt,
- textanchor=normal,textoffset=1.8em,
- preambleanchor=text,preambleoffset=0pt,
- labelformat=(A),everylabel=\actualexno}
-|endcodedisplay
-|\actualexno| expands to the numerical value in |\excnt|, provided
-no special example number is set by |exno|, otherwise to the
-special example number. But the results (below) have some
-major problems.
-
-\begingroup
-\lingset{labelanchor=numleft,labeloffset=0pt,
- textanchor=normal,textoffset=1.8em,
- preambleanchor=text,preambleoffset=0pt,
- labelformat=(A),everylabel=\actualexno}
-\pex[exno=5]
-\a first
-\a second
-\deftag{5}{IJAL1}
-\xe
-
-\pex~[exno=65]
-Preamble
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-
-\pex~[exno=102]
-Preamble
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-
-There are two things that need to be done. First, in order to
-avoid printing both the example number and the label of the first
-part in examples with no preamble, as is the case in
-(\getref{IJAL1}), printing the example number must be suppressed
-if there is no preamble. Second, in order to avoid the shrinking
-gap between the label and the text as more digits appear in the
-example number and it gets wider, the label width must be made
-dependent on the example number.
-
-\ExPex\ provides the boolean parameter |avoidnumlabelclash|
-which, if set to |true|, suppresses printing the example number
-in |\pex| constructions {\it if there is no preamble}. It has
-the XKV default value |true|, so that it can be set by giving the
-key with no label. Although it has the default value |true|, it
-has the initial value |false|. So, with the parameters set as
-above, we get:
-
-\beginss
-\pex[exno=5,avoidnumlabelclash]
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe|midss
-\lingset{labelanchor=numleft,labeloffset=0pt,
- textanchor=normal,textoffset=1.8em,
- preambleanchor=text,preambleoffset=0pt,
- labelformat=(A),everylabel=\actualexno}
-\pex[exno=5,avoidnumlabelclash]
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-\endss
-
-In order to solve the problem of the shrinking gap between the
-label and text, we could try something like
-|samplelabel=(\actualexno a)|. But it is considerably less than
-elegant to have to write this in every |\pex| example. It will
-not produce the desired result to put
-|\lingset{samplelabel=(\actualexno a)}| at the beginning of the
-document. |labelwidth| will be set to whatever the current width
-of |(\actualexno a)| is, which is not likely to be what you want
-for the entire document even if |\actualexno| happens to be
-defined at the point that the |\lingset| is
-executed. To circumvent the global/local problem, \ExPex\
-provides the parameter |appendtopexarg|. Its value (unexpanded)
-is appended to whatever other arguments are given to
-|\pex| and evaluated locally.
-
-\exfrag
-|\lingset{appendtopexarg={samplelabel=(\actualexno a)}|
-\xe
-accomplishes what we want.
-
-We can summarize the discussion by defining the IJAL style.
-
-\codedisplay
-\definelingstyle{IJAL}{labelwidth=2em,labelanchor=numleft,
- labeloffset=0pt,labelformat=(A),everylabel=\actualexno,
- textanchor=normal,textoffset=1em,preambleanchor=text,
- preambleoffset=0pt,avoidnumlabelclash,
- appendtopexarg={samplelabel=(\actualexno a)}}
-|endcodedisplay
-Then
-
-\definelingstyle{IJAL}{labelwidth=2em,labelanchor=numleft,
- labeloffset=0pt,labelformat=(A),everylabel=\actualexno,
- textanchor=normal,textoffset=1em,preambleanchor=text,
- preambleoffset=0pt,avoidnumlabelclash,
- appendtopexarg={samplelabel=(\actualexno a)}}%
-\edef\\{\noexpand\vskip\lingbelowexskip}%
-\beginss
-\lingset{lingstyle=IJAL}
-\pex[exno=5]
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-
-\pex~[exno=65]
-Preamble
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-
-\pex~[exno=1026]
-Preamble
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe|midss
-\lingset{lingstyle=IJAL}
-\pex~[exno=5]
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-\\
-\pex[exno=65]
-Preamble
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-\\
-\pex~[exno=1026]
-Preamble
-\a first
-\a second
-\xe
-\endss
-
-\endgroup
-
-%\excnt=34
-
-\subsection Footnotes and endnotes
-
-\deftagsec{fns}
-\begininventory
-\macros* \idx{|\keepexcntlocal|}\endmc
-\endinventory
-%
-Footnotes and endnotes pose a somewhat thorny problem since many different
-\Tex\ and \LaTex\ macros are used to typeset footnotes and endnotes.
-Further, there are different ways of assigning example numbers and
-labels in multipart examples in footnotes. The footnote
-referenced at the end of this sentence is representative.
-\footnote{%
-\lingset{sampleexno=(ii)}
-The existential reading does not seem to be available for subjects of
-small clause complements of {\it consider\/}:
-\pex
-\a I consider firemen available. (generic only)
-\a I consider firemen intelligent. (generic only)
-\xe
-Exceptional case marking (ECM) verbs seem more or less to allow both
-existential and generic interpretations of complement subjects:
-\pex
-\a I believe firemen to be available. (both generic and existential)
-\a I believe violists to be intelligent. (generic only)
-%\a \ljudge{??}I believe opera singers to know Hittite.
-\xe
-}
-It is an abbreviated version of footnote 17 in Chapter 2 of
-Diesing's {\sl Indefinites}, MIT Press.%
-This footnote style is fairly common.
-
-The \ExPex\ distribution contains two files, {\it eptexfn.tex\/} and
-{\it exltxfn.sty\/} which may be helpful in producing footnotes in
-this style. They do two things. First, they each define a macro
-(|\everyfootnote|) which, if evaluated at the start of processing a
-footnote, ensures that examples are correctly formatted. Second, they
-each perform surgery on a standard |\footnote| macro so that
-(among other things) |\everyfootnote| is inserted in the
-appropriate place.
-
-I intend these macro files both to be used directly or to serve as
-models for the creation of variations which satisfy user needs. To the
-latter end, I will go through {\it expex.sty\/} and explain how it
-works. The file listing is:
-
-\CLnum
-\makeatletter
-\def\everyfootnote{%
- \keepexcntlocal
- \excnt=1
- \lingset{exskip=1ex,exnotype=roman,sampleexno=,
- labeltype=alpha,labelanchor=numright,labeloffset=.6em,
- textoffset=.6em}
-}
-\renewcommand{\@makefntext}[1]{%
- \everyfootnote
- \parindent=1em
- \noindent
- \@thefnmark.\enspace #1%
-}
-\resetatcatcode|endCLnum
-
-Lines 2--8 define the macro |\everyfootnote| which will be
-inserted into the footnote macro. It first ensures that changes
-in |excnt| that are made in the footnote are kept local to the
-footnote. |\keepexcntlocal| is an \ExPex\ macro whose execution
-causes changes in |\exnt| to be kept local to the group in which
-|\keepexntlocalo| is executed. Without |\keepexcntlocal|,
-changes in |excnt| inside a footnote would be visible outside the footnote group in
-which the changes occur. |excnt| is then initialized. Finally,
-parameters are set which control the formatting of examples in
-the footnote. The LaTex |\footnote| command uses |\@makefntext| to
-typeset the footnote. It is defined in the cls file
-which is used. The redefinition in lines 9--14 is a modification
-of the |\@makefntext| macro defined in {\it article.cls}. It
-first executes |\everyfootnote|, then prints the footnote number
-flush left at full footnote size, not as a superscript.
-
-Assuming that |\usepackage{epltxfn}| has been executed, the
-following code produces fn.~\the\fnno.
-\codedisplay
-\footnote{%
-\lingset{sampleexno=(ii)}
-The existential reading does not seem to be available for subjects of
-small clause complements of {\it consider\/}:
-\pex
-\a I consider firemen available. (generic only)
-\a I consider firemen intelligent. (generic only)
-\xe
-Exceptional case marking (ECM) verbs seem more or less to allow both
-existential and generic interpretations of complement subjects:
-\pex
-\a I believe firemen to be available. (both generic and existential)
-\a I believe violists to be intelligent. (generic only)
-\xe
-}
-|endcodedisplay
-
-The code in {\sl eptexfn.tex\/} is somewhat more complicated
-because {\it Plain Tex\/} does not number footnotes and uses the
-same font for running text and footnotes. |\everyfootnote| is
-identical. If it is compared with the footnote macros in the
-{\sl TexBook\/} (p. 363), on which it is modeled, it is easy to
-see the significance of the various modifications.
-
-I anticipate that although the footnote macros in {\sl epltxfn.sty\/}
-and {\sl eptexfn.tex\/} will be useful to some readers without
-modification, other users will need to modify them for one reason or
-the other. Endnotes, in particular, will require work. I hope that
-these two files will serve as useful models. Of course, trivial
-modifications of the various dimensions can be done easily. More
-extensive modification require appropriate levels of expertise. Users
-should feel free to write to me directly ({\sl j.frampton@neu.edu\/}) or
-post questions to the {\sl Ling-Tex\/} discussion group, or to send me
-modifications that might prove useful to others. A file {\it
-epltxfn-endnotes.sty}, for example, would be useful.
-
-