babel-german (20jan24)

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@69506 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

14 files changed, 185 insertions, 61 deletions

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/README
index 6ac552b7cc4..1150edfdc70 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/README
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/README
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ The babel-german bundle
 
 German language support for the babel multilingual package
 
-Copyright 1989--2021 Johannes L. Braams
+Copyright 1989--2024 Johannes L. Braams
                      Bernd Raichle
                      Walter Schmidt,
                      Jürgen Spitzmüller
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/germanb.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/germanb.pdf
index 972952ed63c..5ca9a0fcad6 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/germanb.pdf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/germanb.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.pdf
index a663794b0e4..5de8fa8cf21 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.pdf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/german.ins b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/german.ins
index 3afe75f32f2..ec06e29ce51 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/german.ins
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/german.ins
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 \preamble
 This is a generated file.
 
-Copyright 1989--2021
+Copyright 1989--2024
     Johannes L. Braams
     Bernd Raichle
     Walter Schmidt
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/germanb.dtx b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/germanb.dtx
index 35a837bf707..ef510a14fcc 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/germanb.dtx
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/germanb.dtx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 %
 % File `germanb.dtx'
 % 
-% Copyright 1989--2021
+% Copyright 1989--2024
 %     Johannes L. Braams
 %     Bernd Raichle
 %     Walter Schmidt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 % 
 % The Current Maintainer of this work is Juergen Spitzmueller.
 % \fi
-% \CheckSum{522}
+% \CheckSum{538}
 %
 % \iffalse
 %    Tell the \LaTeX\ system who we are and write an entry on the
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 %<germanb>\ProvidesLanguage{germanb}
 %\fi
 %\ProvidesFile{germanb.dtx}
-        [2021/02/27 v2.13 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
+        [2024/01/19 v2.14 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
 %\iffalse
 %
 %<*filedriver>
@@ -241,6 +241,16 @@
 %      |"/|	& 	\newfeature{2.9}A slash that allows for a linebreak. 
 %			As opposed to |\slash{}|, hyphenation at the breakpoints
 %             		preset in the hyphenation patterns is still allowed.	\tabularnewline
+%      |"*|	& 	\newfeature{2.14}An asterisk which assures the word can
+%                       still be hyphenated at its defined breakpoints.
+%                       Useful if you want to employ gender-sensitive writing
+%                       (,gender star`).					
+%                       Similar shorthands are available for the alternative
+%                       gender-sensitive spellings, |":| and |"_|.		\tabularnewline
+%      |"x|	& 	\newfeature{2.14}Inserts a gender mark which assures
+%                       the word can still be hyphenated at its defined breakpoints.
+%                       This is predefined to |*| but can be globally redefined
+%                       by redefining the macro |\def\mkgender{*}|.		\tabularnewline
 %      |"`|	& 	German left double quotes \graph{,,}.               	\tabularnewline
 %      |"'|	& 	German right double quotes \graph{``}.              	\tabularnewline
 %      |"<|	& 	French/Swiss left double quotes \graph{<<}.   		\tabularnewline
@@ -291,21 +301,11 @@
 %
 %   So you need to explicitly activate the new patterns for a given document (except for \Lopt{swissgerman}) with the classic engines, should you
 %   want to use them instead of the old ones.
-%   With \Babel, this can be done quite easily by means of the \textsf{hyphsubst} \cite{hyphsubst} package:
+%   With \Babel, this can be done easily by means of the \cs{babelprovide} command and the \textsf{hyphenrules} option:
 %   \begin{verbatim}
-%     \usepackage[german=german-x-latest]{hyphsubst}
-%     \usepackage[german]{babel}
-%   \end{verbatim}\vspace{-\baselineskip}
-%   Since \Lopt{austrian} uses the same patterns as \Lopt{german}, the given \textsf{hyphsubst} option activates
-%   the new patterns for this variety as well; but note that \textsf{hyphsubst} must be loaded before \babel\ (please refer to \cite{exptl} and 
-%   \cite{hyphsubst} for details).
-%
-%   If you only want to use experimental patterns for one variety, you can do like so:
-%   \begin{verbatim}
-%     \usepackage{hyphsubst}
-%     \usepackage[german,austrian]{babel}
-%     \HyphSubstLet{austrian}{german-x-latest}
+%     \babelprovide[hyphenrules=german-x-latest]{german}
 %   \end{verbatim}\vspace{-\baselineskip}
+%   For \Lopt{austrian}, use a respectively adapted version of the above.
 %
 %
 %   \section{Variety-specific options}\label{sec:toss}
@@ -925,6 +925,16 @@
 \declare@shorthand{german}{"/}{\textormath
   {\bbl@allowhyphens\discretionary{/}{}{/}\bbl@allowhyphens}{}}
 %    \end{macrocode}
+%  and some shorthands to support gender-sensitive spelling:
+%  \changes{Version 2.9e=Version 2.14}{2024/01/19}{Add \texttt{"*}, \texttt{":}, \texttt{"\_}, and \texttt{"x}
+%                                     shorthands to support gender-sensitive writing}
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\mkgender{*}
+\declare@shorthand{german}{":}{\nobreak:\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{german}{"*}{\nobreak*\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{german}{"_}{\nobreak\_\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{german}{"x}{\nobreak\mkgender\bbl@allowhyphens}
+%    \end{macrocode}
 %
 %  \begin{macro}{\mdqon}
 %  \begin{macro}{\mdqoff}
@@ -994,9 +1004,6 @@
 %    \bibitem{exptl} Deutschsprachige Trennmustermannschaft:
 %       \emph{dehyph-exptl -- Experimental hyphenation patterns for the German language}.
 %       \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/dehyph-exptl}.
-%    \bibitem{hyphsubst} Heiko Oberdiek:
-%       \emph{hyphsubst -- Substitute hyphenation patterns}.
-%       \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/hyphsubst}.
 %    \bibitem{HP} Partl, Hubert:
 %      \emph{German \TeX}, \emph{TUGboat} 9/1 (1988), p.~70--72.
 %    \bibitem{gerdoc} Raichle, Bernd:
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.dtx b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.dtx
index d0b638457f6..98b9d2063a0 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.dtx
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.dtx
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 %
 % File `ngermanb.dtx'
 %
-% Copyright 1989--2021
+% Copyright 1989--2024
 %     Johannes L. Braams
 %     Bernd Raichle
 %     Walter Schmidt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 %                       by Bernd Raichle, Hubert Partl et.al.
 %
 % \fi
-% \CheckSum{409}
+% \CheckSum{505}
 %
 % \iffalse
 %    Tell the \LaTeX\ system who we are and write an entry on the
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 %<ngermanb>\ProvidesLanguage{ngermanb}
 %\fi
 %\ProvidesFile{ngermanb.dtx}
-        [2021/02/27 v2.13 German support for babel (post-1996 orthography)]
+        [2024/01/19 v2.14 German support for babel (post-1996 orthography)]
 %\iffalse
 %
 %<*filedriver>
@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@
 %       \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}
 %       \item |\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}|
 %       \item |\usepackage[naustrian]{babel}|
+%       \item |\usepackage[ngerman.capsz]{babel}|\newfeature{2.14}\footnote{%
+%              See sec.~\ref{sec:capsz} on the \Lopt{capsz} modifier.}
+%       \item |\usepackage[naustrian.capsz]{babel}|
 %       \item |\usepackage[nswissgerman]{babel}|
 %       \item |\usepackage[nswissgerman.toss]{babel}|\newfeature{2.10}\footnote{%
 %              See sec.~\ref{sec:toss} on the \Lopt{toss} modifier.}
@@ -167,7 +170,8 @@
 % 			Differs to |"s| in uppercase version;
 %                       but cf. sec.~\ref{sec:toss}.                             \tabularnewline
 %      |"S|	& 	|\uppercase{"s}|, typeset as \graph{SS}(\graph{\ss}
-%			must be written as \graph{SS} in uppercase writing).	\tabularnewline
+%			is traditonally written as \graph{SS} in uppercase writing,
+%                       but cf. sec.~\ref{sec:capsz} if you prefer a capital eszett). \tabularnewline
 %      |"Z|	& 	|\uppercase{"z}|, typeset as \graph{SZ}. In traditional
 %			spelling, \graph{\ss} could also be written as \graph{SZ}
 %			instead of \graph{SS} in uppercase writing. Note that,
@@ -192,6 +196,16 @@
 %      |"/|	& 	\newfeature{2.9}A slash that allows for a linebreak. 
 %			As opposed to |\slash{}|, hyphenation at the breakpoints
 %             		preset in the hyphenation patterns is still allowed.	\tabularnewline
+%      |"*|	& 	\newfeature{2.14}An asterisk which assures the word can
+%                       still be hyphenated at its defined breakpoints.
+%                       Useful if you want to employ gender-sensitive writing
+%                       (,gender star`).					
+%                       Similar shorthands are available for the alternative
+%                       gender-sensitive spellings, |":| and |"_|.		\tabularnewline
+%      |"x|	& 	\newfeature{2.14}Inserts a gender mark which assures
+%                       the word can still be hyphenated at its defined breakpoints.
+%                       This is predefined to |*| but can be globally redefined
+%                       by redefining the macro |\def\mkngender{*}|		\tabularnewline
 %      |"`|	& 	German left double quotes \graph{,,}.               	\tabularnewline
 %      |"'|	& 	German right double quotes \graph{``}.              	\tabularnewline
 %      |"<|	& 	French/Swiss left double quotes \graph{<<}.   		\tabularnewline
@@ -241,23 +255,32 @@
 %   of software updates.
 %
 %   This means that you need to explicitly activate the new patterns for a given document with the classic engines, should you want to use them
-%   instead of the old ones. With \Babel, this can be done quite easily by means of the \textsf{hyphsubst} \cite{hyphsubst} package:
+%   instead of the old ones. With \Babel, this can be done easily by means of the \cs{babelprovide} command and the \textsf{hyphenrules} option:
 %   \begin{verbatim}
-%     \usepackage[ngerman=ngerman-x-latest]{hyphsubst}
-%     \usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
+%     \babelprovide[hyphenrules=ngerman-x-latest]{ngerman}
 %   \end{verbatim}\vspace{-\baselineskip}
-%   Since \Lopt{naustrian} and \Lopt{nswissgerman} use the same patterns as \Lopt{ngerman}, the given \textsf{hyphsubst} option activates
-%   the new patterns for all varieties; but note that \textsf{hyphsubst} must be loaded before \babel\ (please refer to \cite{exptl} and 
-%   \cite{hyphsubst} for details).
+%   For \Lopt{naustrian} and \Lopt{nswissgerman}, use a respectively adapted version of the above.
 %
-%   If you only want to use experimental patterns for one variety, you can do like so:
-%   \begin{verbatim}
-%     \usepackage{hyphsubst}
-%     \usepackage[ngerman,naustrian]{babel}
-%     \HyphSubstLet{naustrian}{ngerman-x-latest}
-%   \end{verbatim}\vspace{-\baselineskip}
+%   \section{Variety-specific options}%
+%
+%    \subsection{Capital eszett letter}\label{sec:capsz}
+%
+%    In\newfeature{2.14} 2008, a capital variant of the letter \graph{\ss} has been included to the Unicode standard
+%    (U+1E9E), and in 2017, the capital eszett letter has been acknowledged in German orthography as a valid alternative
+%    to \graph{SS} in uppercase writing of \graph{\ss}. The letter differs from its miniscule counterpart in that it is
+%    usually more wide to match the form of uppercase letters.
 %
-%   \section{Variety-specific options}\label{sec:toss}
+%    If you want to use this letter, you can do so by using the \Babel\ modifier \Lopt{capsz}, which is supported
+%    for the ngerman and naustrian varieties. I.\,e., pass \Lopt{ngerman.capsz} or \Lopt{naustrian.capsz}
+%    (rather than \Lopt{ngerman} or \Lopt{naustrian}) as \babel\ option. As the eszett letter is not common
+%    in Swiss German writing in general, the option is not supported there. Similarly, the pre-1996 varieties
+%    do not support the letter either.
+%
+%    The modifier causes both |\MakeUppercase| and the |"S| shorthand to use the capital eszett letter.
+%    Note that this requires a font which actually contains the glyph (otherwise, you still get \graph{SS})
+%    and \LaTeX\ kernel 2023/06 at least.
+%
+%   \subsection{Handling of \texttt{"s} and \texttt{"z} in Swiss German}\label{sec:toss}
 %
 %   In\newfeature{2.10} Swiss (and Liechtensteinian) German writing, the use of \graph{\ss} is rather uncommon.
 %   Swiss writers would normally use \graph{ss} where German or Austrian writers use the \graph{\ss} character
@@ -564,7 +587,7 @@
 %   \begin{macro}{\ntossfalse}
 %    For Swiss Standard German, we allow optionally to expand the \graph{\ss}-related
 %    shorthands the Swiss way, i.\,e. as \graph{ss} (globally, if the modifier \Lopt{toss}
-%    is used or locally if |\ntosstrue|.).
+%    is used or locally if |\ntosstrue|).
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 \newif\ifntoss\ntossfalse
 \newif\ifbbl@ntoss\bbl@ntossfalse
@@ -581,6 +604,37 @@
 %   \end{macro}
 %   \end{macro}
 %
+%   \begin{macro}{capsz}
+%   \changes{Version 2.9e=Version 2.14}{2024/01/19}{Implement modifier \Lopt{capsz}
+%            to use capital eszett letter in Austrian and German varieties if possible.}
+%    For German and Austrian Standard German, we allow optionally to uppercase \graph{\ss}
+%    with the capital eszett letter rather as \graph{SS} if the font provides the glyph
+%    (if the modifier \Lopt{capsz} is used).
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\newif\ifcapsz\capszfalse
+\newif\ifbbl@capsz\bbl@capszfalse
+\ifx\bbl@mod@ngerman\@undefined\else
+  \@expandtwoargs\in@{,capsz,}{,\bbl@mod@ngerman,}
+  \ifin@
+    \capsztrue
+  \fi
+  \addto\extrasngerman{%
+    \ifcapsz\bbl@capsztrue\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@ngerman}{de-x-eszett}%
+    \else\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@ngerman}{de}\bbl@capszfalse\fi}
+\fi
+\newif\if@at@capsz\@at@capszfalse
+\ifx\bbl@mod@naustrian\@undefined\else
+  \@expandtwoargs\in@{,capsz,}{,\bbl@mod@naustrian,}
+  \ifin@
+    \@at@capsztrue
+  \fi
+  \addto\extrasnaustrian{%
+    \if@at@capsz\bbl@capsztrue\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@naustrian}{de-x-eszett}%
+    \else\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@naustrian}{de}\bbl@capszfalse\fi}
+\fi
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%   \end{macro}
+%
 %    Next, again depending on the option with which the language definition
 %    file has been loaded, the macro |\noextrasngerman|, |\noextrasnaustrian|
 %    or |\noextrasnswissgerman| is defined. 
@@ -593,9 +647,23 @@
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 \expandafter\addto\csname noextras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%
   \bbl@deactivate{"}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%    Now deactivate the settings that might have been done by the modifiers:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
 \ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@nswissgerman
   \addto\noextrasnswissgerman{\bbl@ntossfalse}
 \fi
+\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@ngerman
+  \ifbbl@capsz
+    \addto\noextrasngerman{\bbl@capszfalse\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@ngerman}{de}}
+  \fi
+\fi
+\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@naustrian
+  \ifbbl@capsz
+     \addto\noextrasnaustrian{\bbl@capszfalse\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@naustrian}{de}}
+  \fi
+\fi
 %    \end{macrocode}
 %
 %
@@ -656,6 +724,7 @@
 %    couple of `support' macros.
 %
 %
+%  \changes{Version 2.9e=Version 2.14}{2024/01/19}{Output capital eszett for \texttt{"S} if possible and required}
 %  \begin{macro}{\dq}
 %    We save the original double quotation mark character in |\dq| to keep
 %    it available, the math accent |\"| can now be typed as |"|.
@@ -667,7 +736,7 @@
   \def\dq{"}
   \def\@SS{\mathchar"7019 }
   \def\bbl@ss{\ifbbl@ntoss ss\else\textormath{\ss}{\@SS{}}\fi}
-  \def\bbl@SS{SS}
+  \def\bbl@SS{\ifbbl@capsz\MakeUppercase{\ss}\else SS\fi}
   \def\bbl@sz{\ifbbl@ntoss sz\else\textormath{\ss}{\@SS{}}\fi}
   \def\bbl@SZ{SZ}
 }
@@ -713,7 +782,7 @@
 \declare@shorthand{ngerman}{"<}{\flqq}
 \declare@shorthand{ngerman}{">}{\frqq}
 %    \end{macrocode}
-%    and some additional commands (hyphenation, line breaking and ligature control):
+%    some additional commands (hyphenation, line breaking and ligature control):
 %  \changes{Version 2.9}{2016/11/02}{Add \texttt{"/} shortcut for breakable slash
 %                                    (taken from \file{dutch.ldf})}
 %  \changes{Version 2.9b=Version 2.11}{2018/12/08}{Fix old hyphenation regression introduced with \babel\ 3.7
@@ -734,6 +803,16 @@
 \declare@shorthand{ngerman}{"/}{\textormath
   {\bbl@allowhyphens\discretionary{/}{}{/}\bbl@allowhyphens}{}}
 %    \end{macrocode}
+%  and some shorthands to support gender-sensitive spelling:
+%  \changes{Version 2.9e=Version 2.14}{2024/01/19}{Add \texttt{"*}, \texttt{":}, \texttt{"\_}, and \texttt{"x}
+%                                     shorthands to support gender-sensitive writing}
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\mkngender{*}
+\declare@shorthand{ngerman}{":}{\nobreak:\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{ngerman}{"*}{\nobreak*\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{ngerman}{"_}{\nobreak\_\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{ngerman}{"x}{\nobreak\mkngender\bbl@allowhyphens}
+%    \end{macrocode}
 %
 %  \begin{macro}{\mdqon}
 %  \begin{macro}{\mdqoff}
@@ -794,9 +873,6 @@
 %    \bibitem{exptl} Deutschsprachige Trennmustermannschaft:
 %       \emph{dehyph-exptl -- Experimental hyphenation patterns for the German language}.
 %       \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/dehyph-exptl}.
-%    \bibitem{hyphsubst} Heiko Oberdiek:
-%       \emph{hyphsubst -- Substitute hyphenation patterns}.
-%       \url{https://ctan.org/pkg/hyphsubst}.
 %    \bibitem{HP} Partl, Hubert:
 %      \emph{German \TeX}, \emph{TUGboat} 9/1 (1988), p.~70--72.
 %    \bibitem{hyph-utf8} Manuel P\'egouri\'e-Gonnard et al.:
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/austrian.ldf b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/austrian.ldf
index cf1634ce132..709a403c57a 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/austrian.ldf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/austrian.ldf
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 %% germanb.dtx  (with options: `austrian')
 %% This is a generated file.
 %% 
-%% Copyright 1989--2021
+%% Copyright 1989--2024
 %%     Johannes L. Braams
 %%     Bernd Raichle
 %%     Walter Schmidt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 %%                     via: https://github.com/jspitz/babel-german
 %% 
 \ProvidesLanguage{austrian}
-        [2021/02/27 v2.13 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
+        [2024/01/19 v2.14 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
 \def\tmpa{germanb}
 \let\SaveCurrentOption\CurrentOption
 \ifx\CurrentOption\tmpa
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/german.ldf b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/german.ldf
index b893f91ce73..a53b3f7c844 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/german.ldf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/german.ldf
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 %% germanb.dtx  (with options: `german')
 %% This is a generated file.
 %% 
-%% Copyright 1989--2021
+%% Copyright 1989--2024
 %%     Johannes L. Braams
 %%     Bernd Raichle
 %%     Walter Schmidt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 %%                     via: https://github.com/jspitz/babel-german
 %% 
 \ProvidesLanguage{german}
-        [2021/02/27 v2.13 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
+        [2024/01/19 v2.14 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
 \def\tmpa{germanb}
 \let\SaveCurrentOption\CurrentOption
 \ifx\CurrentOption\tmpa
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/germanb.ldf b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/germanb.ldf
index 21deae516e6..9329345b446 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/germanb.ldf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/germanb.ldf
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 %% germanb.dtx  (with options: `germanb')
 %% This is a generated file.
 %% 
-%% Copyright 1989--2021
+%% Copyright 1989--2024
 %%     Johannes L. Braams
 %%     Bernd Raichle
 %%     Walter Schmidt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 %%                     via: https://github.com/jspitz/babel-german
 %% 
 \ProvidesLanguage{germanb}
-        [2021/02/27 v2.13 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
+        [2024/01/19 v2.14 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
 \def\tmpa{germanb}
 \let\SaveCurrentOption\CurrentOption
 \ifx\CurrentOption\tmpa
@@ -237,6 +237,11 @@
 \declare@shorthand{german}{"=}{\penalty\@M-\hskip\z@skip}
 \declare@shorthand{german}{"/}{\textormath
   {\bbl@allowhyphens\discretionary{/}{}{/}\bbl@allowhyphens}{}}
+\def\mkgender{*}
+\declare@shorthand{german}{":}{\nobreak:\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{german}{"*}{\nobreak*\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{german}{"_}{\nobreak\_\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{german}{"x}{\nobreak\mkgender\bbl@allowhyphens}
 \def\mdqon{\shorthandon{"}}
 \def\mdqoff{\shorthandoff{"}}
 \def\ck{\bbl@allowhyphens\discretionary{k-}{k}{ck}\bbl@allowhyphens}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/naustrian.ldf b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/naustrian.ldf
index 56da9a0153d..40751d8137f 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/naustrian.ldf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/naustrian.ldf
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 %% ngermanb.dtx  (with options: `naustrian')
 %% This is a generated file.
 %% 
-%% Copyright 1989--2021
+%% Copyright 1989--2024
 %%     Johannes L. Braams
 %%     Bernd Raichle
 %%     Walter Schmidt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 %%                     via: https://github.com/jspitz/babel-german
 %% 
 \ProvidesLanguage{naustrian}
-        [2021/02/27 v2.13 German support for babel (post-1996 orthography)]
+        [2024/01/19 v2.14 German support for babel (post-1996 orthography)]
 \def\tmpa{ngermanb}
 \ifx\CurrentOption\tmpa
   \def\CurrentOption{ngerman}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/ngerman.ldf b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/ngerman.ldf
index 3b6b8987046..be0607e64d7 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/ngerman.ldf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/ngerman.ldf
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 %% ngermanb.dtx  (with options: `ngerman')
 %% This is a generated file.
 %% 
-%% Copyright 1989--2021
+%% Copyright 1989--2024
 %%     Johannes L. Braams
 %%     Bernd Raichle
 %%     Walter Schmidt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 %%                     via: https://github.com/jspitz/babel-german
 %% 
 \ProvidesLanguage{ngerman}
-        [2021/02/27 v2.13 German support for babel (post-1996 orthography)]
+        [2024/01/19 v2.14 German support for babel (post-1996 orthography)]
 \def\tmpa{ngermanb}
 \ifx\CurrentOption\tmpa
   \def\CurrentOption{ngerman}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.ldf b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.ldf
index ee83d60bc6f..43994b571d9 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.ldf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/ngermanb.ldf
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 %% ngermanb.dtx  (with options: `ngermanb')
 %% This is a generated file.
 %% 
-%% Copyright 1989--2021
+%% Copyright 1989--2024
 %%     Johannes L. Braams
 %%     Bernd Raichle
 %%     Walter Schmidt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 %%                     via: https://github.com/jspitz/babel-german
 %% 
 \ProvidesLanguage{ngermanb}
-        [2021/02/27 v2.13 German support for babel (post-1996 orthography)]
+        [2024/01/19 v2.14 German support for babel (post-1996 orthography)]
 \def\tmpa{ngermanb}
 \ifx\CurrentOption\tmpa
   \def\CurrentOption{ngerman}
@@ -135,11 +135,42 @@
   \addto\extrasnswissgerman{%
     \ifntoss\bbl@ntosstrue\else\bbl@ntossfalse\fi}
 \fi
+\newif\ifcapsz\capszfalse
+\newif\ifbbl@capsz\bbl@capszfalse
+\ifx\bbl@mod@ngerman\@undefined\else
+  \@expandtwoargs\in@{,capsz,}{,\bbl@mod@ngerman,}
+  \ifin@
+    \capsztrue
+  \fi
+  \addto\extrasngerman{%
+    \ifcapsz\bbl@capsztrue\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@ngerman}{de-x-eszett}%
+    \else\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@ngerman}{de}\bbl@capszfalse\fi}
+\fi
+\newif\if@at@capsz\@at@capszfalse
+\ifx\bbl@mod@naustrian\@undefined\else
+  \@expandtwoargs\in@{,capsz,}{,\bbl@mod@naustrian,}
+  \ifin@
+    \@at@capsztrue
+  \fi
+  \addto\extrasnaustrian{%
+    \if@at@capsz\bbl@capsztrue\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@naustrian}{de-x-eszett}%
+    \else\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@naustrian}{de}\bbl@capszfalse\fi}
+\fi
 \expandafter\addto\csname noextras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%
   \bbl@deactivate{"}}
 \ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@nswissgerman
   \addto\noextrasnswissgerman{\bbl@ntossfalse}
 \fi
+\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@ngerman
+  \ifbbl@capsz
+    \addto\noextrasngerman{\bbl@capszfalse\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@ngerman}{de}}
+  \fi
+\fi
+\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@opt@naustrian
+  \ifbbl@capsz
+     \addto\noextrasnaustrian{\bbl@capszfalse\bbl@csarg\xdef{casing@naustrian}{de}}
+  \fi
+\fi
 \expandafter\addto\csname extras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%
   \babel@savevariable{\lccode25}%
   \lccode25=25}
@@ -157,7 +188,7 @@
   \def\dq{"}
   \def\@SS{\mathchar"7019 }
   \def\bbl@ss{\ifbbl@ntoss ss\else\textormath{\ss}{\@SS{}}\fi}
-  \def\bbl@SS{SS}
+  \def\bbl@SS{\ifbbl@capsz\MakeUppercase{\ss}\else SS\fi}
   \def\bbl@sz{\ifbbl@ntoss sz\else\textormath{\ss}{\@SS{}}\fi}
   \def\bbl@SZ{SZ}
 }
@@ -195,6 +226,11 @@
 \declare@shorthand{ngerman}{"=}{\penalty\@M-\hskip\z@skip}
 \declare@shorthand{ngerman}{"/}{\textormath
   {\bbl@allowhyphens\discretionary{/}{}{/}\bbl@allowhyphens}{}}
+\def\mkngender{*}
+\declare@shorthand{ngerman}{":}{\nobreak:\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{ngerman}{"*}{\nobreak*\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{ngerman}{"_}{\nobreak\_\bbl@allowhyphens}
+\declare@shorthand{ngerman}{"x}{\nobreak\mkngender\bbl@allowhyphens}
 \def\mdqon{\shorthandon{"}}
 \def\mdqoff{\shorthandoff{"}}
 \ldf@finish\CurrentOption
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/nswissgerman.ldf b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/nswissgerman.ldf
index b4a335bb8cd..a8754bb1cfd 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/nswissgerman.ldf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/nswissgerman.ldf
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 %% ngermanb.dtx  (with options: `nswissgerman')
 %% This is a generated file.
 %% 
-%% Copyright 1989--2021
+%% Copyright 1989--2024
 %%     Johannes L. Braams
 %%     Bernd Raichle
 %%     Walter Schmidt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 %%                     via: https://github.com/jspitz/babel-german
 %% 
 \ProvidesLanguage{nswissgerman}
-        [2021/02/27 v2.13 German support for babel (post-1996 orthography)]
+        [2024/01/19 v2.14 German support for babel (post-1996 orthography)]
 \def\tmpa{ngermanb}
 \ifx\CurrentOption\tmpa
   \def\CurrentOption{ngerman}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/swissgerman.ldf b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/swissgerman.ldf
index d2112f67239..e289a3710e3 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/swissgerman.ldf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-german/swissgerman.ldf
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 %% germanb.dtx  (with options: `swissgerman')
 %% This is a generated file.
 %% 
-%% Copyright 1989--2021
+%% Copyright 1989--2024
 %%     Johannes L. Braams
 %%     Bernd Raichle
 %%     Walter Schmidt
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 %%                     via: https://github.com/jspitz/babel-german
 %% 
 \ProvidesLanguage{swissgerman}
-        [2021/02/27 v2.13 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
+        [2024/01/19 v2.14 German support for babel (pre-1996 orthography)]
 \def\tmpa{germanb}
 \let\SaveCurrentOption\CurrentOption
 \ifx\CurrentOption\tmpa