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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2025-01-15 21:00:44 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2025-01-15 21:00:44 +0000 |
commit | 798148e2612251e6f121608c33c34456e87297c6 (patch) | |
tree | 3aa7ea09e54111585d3de82d66e3eb0b842d600f /Master | |
parent | c6235058bed1e25c2f103bd0d8aebdf5a01d8015 (diff) |
yet-another-guide-latex2e (15jan25)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@73469 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
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-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/README.txt | 18 | ||||
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-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v131.tex (renamed from Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e.tex) | 126 |
4 files changed, 96 insertions, 48 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Drawing.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Drawing.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..98aaec3f809 --- /dev/null +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Drawing.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/README.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/README.txt index 05df66d726d..1aa04dc70ab 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/README.txt +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/README.txt @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ README File Name: Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e.pdf -Title: Yet Another Guide to LaTeX2e. v13.0 +Title: Yet Another Guide to LaTeX2e. v1.3.1 Author: Michael. P. Morris @@ -9,13 +9,15 @@ Author: Michael. P. Morris Description: -This document is a short guide to using LaTeX2e to typeset -high quality documents. It focuses on users of Windows and -TeX Live and guides the reader through installation, some -of LaTeX's conventions, and creating the front matter, -body and end matter. The appendices contain a list of -useful facilities not otherwise covered in this document -and a list of helpful resources. +This document is a short guide to using +LaTeX2e to typeset high quality documents. +It focuses on users of Windows and TeX +Live and guides the reader through +installation, some of LaTeX's conventions, +and creating the front matter, body and +end matter. The appendices contain a list of +useful facilities not otherwise covered in +this document and a list of helpful resources. Cheers and Happy TeXing!! diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e.pdf Binary files differindex 0f984eb047a..954c59858c7 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v131.tex index e77584af3bf..823070ca7dd 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/yet-another-guide-latex2e/Yet-Another-Guide-LaTeX2e_v131.tex @@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ \title{ Yet Another Guide \\ to \\ +Typesetting \\ +with \\ \LaTeXe \\ -{\Large v1.3} \\} +{\Large v1.3.1} \\} \author{Michael P. Morris \\ {\small Research Fellow} \\ @@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ to \\ \hypersetup{pdfinfo={ - Title={Yet Another Guide to LaTeX2e. v1.3}, + Title={Yet Another Guide to Typesetting with LaTeX2e. v1.3.1}, Author={Michael P. Morris}, Subject={LaTeX2e}, Keywords={Latex2e; Guide} @@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ This document is a short guide to using \LaTeXe\ to typeset high quality documen \pagenumbering{arabic} -Copyright \copyright 2020--2024 M. P. Morris. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". +Copyright \copyright 2020--2025 M. P. Morris. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". \clearpage @@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ Finally, I'd like to mention The TeX Users Group, of which I am a member. This i The author is interested in hearing about errors and suggestions for improvements, especially code that doesn't function as advertised. Reports can be sent to the author at \texttt{\color{Blue}mmorris1k@gmail.com}. \paragraph{Acknowledgements:} -Many thanks to RAM Gregson, Kate Stevens, Dennis Byrne, Bill Noble and all those anonymous people for their helpful comments and suggestions. +Many thanks to RAM Gregson, Kate Stevens, Dennis Byrne, Bill Noble and all those anonymous people for their helpful comments and suggestions. \\ \clearpage @@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ After it is installed, the next step for Windows 10 users is to place it in the \begin{flushleft} -\texttt{Control Panel $\rightarrow$ System and Security $\rightarrow$ System $\rightarrow$ Advanced System Settings $\rightarrow$ Environmental Variables $\rightarrow$ Path in the User Variables box $\rightarrow$ Edit $\rightarrow$ Browse in the Edit environmental variable box} +\texttt{Control Panel $\rightarrow$ System and Security $\rightarrow$ System $\rightarrow$ Advanced System Settings $\rightarrow$ Environmental Variables $\rightarrow$ Path in the User Variables box $\rightarrow$ New in the edit environment variable box $\rightarrow$ Browse in the Edit environmental variable box} \end{flushleft} @@ -136,7 +138,14 @@ C:\texlive\2024\bin\windows \end{verbatim} } +\begin{flushleft} Browse to this folder and click \texttt{OK}, click \texttt{OK} again in the\texttt{ Edit environmental variable} box, click \texttt{OK} again in the \texttt{Environmental Variables} box and click \texttt{OK} in the \texttt{System Properties} box. +\end{flushleft} + +\begin{flushleft} +This path will be loaded the next time Windows loads. +\end{flushleft} + \subsection{Package Management} @@ -287,9 +296,9 @@ Gimp is freely available from: The first step in creating a document with LaTeX is to write the text and save it as a plain text file into a project directory created specifically for that project. This text file is then marked up so that when it is compiled it becomes a formatted postscript or \textsc{pdf} document. The normal suffix for this file is \texttt{.tex}. During compilation, LaTeX will produce several other files and having a unique project directory will help keep all of them together. This directory should also contain any graphic files and reference databases so that LaTeX can find them. -\subsection{Postscript vs \textsc{pdf}} +\subsection{Document Formats: Postscript vs \textsc{pdf}} -One of the first things to consider is if the document is to be produced in postscript or Portable Document Format (\textsc{pdf}). Postscript is the `gold standard’ for printed documents and produces the highest quality files for printing. \textsc{pdf} supports hypertext links and live connections to websites and are somewhat smaller than postscript files. +One of the first things to consider is if the document is to be produced in postscript or Portable Document Format (\textsc{pdf}). Postscript is the `gold standard’ for printed documents and produces the highest quality files for printing. \textsc{pdf} supports hypertext links and live connections to websites and are somewhat smaller than postscript files. They are the preferred format for documents that will be read online. @@ -850,7 +859,7 @@ If the \texttt{xcolor} package is loaded, fonts, font backgrounds and pages can {\small \begin{verbatim} -\color{red} Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. +\color{red} {Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.} \end{verbatim} } @@ -1088,7 +1097,7 @@ LaTeX numbers sections automatically and the text of the \texttt{SectionTitle} w \subsection{Environments} -Environments are used in the body of the document to define a particular type of text. These range from abstracts, tables and figures, lists and sections of text with differing justification etc. LaTeX environments are enclosed with \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{EnvironmentName\}} and \texttt{\textbackslash end\{EnvironmentName\}}. A short list of environments is in Table 12: +Environments are used in the body of the document to define a particular type of text. These range from abstracts, tables and figures, lists and sections of text with differing justification, etc. LaTeX environments are enclosed with \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{EnvironmentName\}} and \texttt{\textbackslash end\{EnvironmentName\}}. A short list of environments is in Table 12: {\small @@ -1096,7 +1105,7 @@ Environments are used in the body of the document to define a particular type of \begin{EnvironmentName} Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla est purus, ultrices in porttitor in, accumsan non quam. Nam consectetur porttitor -rhoncus.\\ +rhoncus. \end{EnvironmentName} \end{verbatim} } @@ -1334,7 +1343,7 @@ Tables consist of two nested environments: \texttt{table}, and \texttt{tabular}. -\texttt{\textbackslash begin\{table\}} has an option to help place the table on the page. This can be at the top of the page with \texttt{t}, the bottom of the page with \texttt{b}, here with \texttt{h} and on a separate page of floats with \texttt{p}. These commands can be enforced a bit more with \texttt{!}. \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{table\}[!h]} places a table where it appears in the code. All of this, however, will be subject to LaTeX's rules on table placement.\\ +\texttt{\textbackslash begin\{table\}} has a [Location] option to help place the table on the page. This can be at the top of the page with \texttt{t}, the bottom of the page with \texttt{b}, here with \texttt{h} and on a separate page of floats with \texttt{p}. These commands can be enforced a bit more with \texttt{!}. \texttt{\textbackslash begin\{table\}[!h]} places a table where it appears in the code. All of this, however, will be subject to LaTeX's rules on table placement.\\ The next line justifies the table on the page. This can be \texttt{centre}, \texttt{flushleft} or \texttt{flushright}. \\ @@ -1344,7 +1353,7 @@ The table cell's formatting and contents are placed in the \texttt{tabular} envi Vertical lines are added with a \texttt{|} placed between the alignment commands. This key is located on the keyboard below \texttt{backspace}. Horizontal lines with definable thicknesses are available. There are three commands: \texttt{\textbackslash toprule [Width]}, \texttt{\textbackslash midrule[Width]} and \texttt{\textbackslash bottomrule[Width]}. These commands accept measurements in points (pt), millimetres (mm), centimetres (cm) and inches (in). Finally, a caption may be added with \texttt{\textbackslash caption{}}. The caption will appear in the Tables section of the Table of Contents when the document is compiled. \\ -The code below shows the two nesting levels for a table with four columns. The table is placed at it's location in the document code with the \texttt{[h]} option. It is centre justified on the page with the center environment. Column 1 is left aligned, column 2 centred, column 3 right aligned and column 4 has a user defined width of 5cm. Vertical lines separate columns 1--2, 2--3 and 3--4. A caption is placed at the bottom of the table: +The code below shows the two nesting levels for a table with four columns. The table is placed at it's location in the document's text with the \texttt{[h]} option. It is centre justified on the page with the center environment. Column 1 is left aligned, column 2 centred, column 3 right aligned and column 4 has a user defined width of 5cm. Vertical lines separate columns 1--2, 2--3 and 3--4. A caption is placed at the bottom of the table: {\small @@ -1641,34 +1650,49 @@ Columns and rows can be combined to produce very complex tables. The code below \subsection{Figures} -LaTeX works with quite a limited range of graphic formats. Postscript documents can only contain graphics in postscript or encapsulated postscript formats. These are files with a (\texttt{.ps}) or (\texttt{.eps}) extension and are vector formats. Documents created by PDFTeX may contain graphics in \texttt{pdf}, \texttt{png}, \texttt{jpeg} or \texttt{jbig2} formats. These are raster formats. If the file is in a different format, it will have to be converted to one of these. Image Magic or \textsc{gimp} have facilities to convert from one format to another and are both freely downloadable. \\ +LaTeX works with quite a limited range of graphic formats. Postscript documents can only contain graphics in postscript or encapsulated postscript formats. These are files with a (\texttt{.ps}) or (\texttt{.eps}) extension and are vector formats. Documents created by pdfTeX may contain graphics in \texttt{pdf}, \texttt{png}, \texttt{jpeg} or \texttt{jbig2} formats. These are raster formats. If the file is in a different format, it will have to be converted to one of these. Image Magic or \textsc{gimp} have facilities to convert from one format to another and are both freely downloadable. \\ When working with image files, there are a number of issues to be considered before they can be placed into a document. This is the file format, resolution, colour depth and colour space. This is especially true for documents that are printed commercially as print bureaus often have specific requirements. When they are ready, images contained in the document should be placed in the project's working directory so that LaTeX can find them when the document is compiled. \\ \subsubsection{Choosing a Graphic Format} -\paragraph{Vector Format} Vector formats, such as postscript \texttt{.ps} and encapsulated postscript \texttt{.eps}, are based on geometric concepts such as points, lines, and curves. Vector format file sizes are relatively small because the file contains only the instructions for the points, lines and curves that make up the image. It is most often used for line art, such as diagrams, graphs, 3D models, etc. It has the advantage that it can be upsampled or downsampled (enlarged or shrunk) without any loss of quality. Postscript is the `gold standard' for printed documents but unfortunately, postscript only works with whole pages. Encapsulated post script works with files of any size so this is the preferred format for images. These are the only two formats that can be placed in postscript documents.\\ +\paragraph{Vector Formats} Vector formats, such as postscript (\texttt{.ps}) and encapsulated postscript (\texttt{.eps}), are based on geometric concepts such as points, lines, and curves. Vector format file sizes are relatively small because the file contains only the instructions for the points, lines and curves that make up the image. It is most often used for line art, such as diagrams, graphs, 3D models, etc. It has the advantage that it can be upsampled or downsampled (enlarged or shrunk) without any loss of quality. Postscript is the `gold standard' for printed documents but unfortunately, postscript only works with whole pages. Encapsulated postscript works with files of any size so this is the preferred format for images. These are the only two formats that can be placed in postscript documents.\\ + + +\paragraph{Raster Formats} Raster images are made up of pixels. Each pixel has a value relating to its individual colour. They are produced by digital cameras, scanners, etc and the file sizes are relatively large. These formats cannot be manipulated, that is resized, rotated, etc without losing information. To minimize this, image processing should be completed before they are inserted into a LaTeX document and the image sized to the dimensions that it will be printed at. pdfLaTeX supports four raster formats: \textsc{png}, \textsc{jpeg}. \textsc{jbig2} and \textsc{pdf}. \\ +\paragraph{\textsc{jpeg}} is a file format for images developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group. This is a compressed file format and has the file extension .jpg. This compression makes these files appropriate for distribution over the World Wide Web and for use in documents that will be viewed on a compter screen. Their relatively small file size makes for efficient use of storage space, fast transmission over the Web and for loading documents with reduced or no lag. \\ -\paragraph{Raster Formats} Raster images are made up of pixels. Each pixel has a value relating to its individual colour. They are produced by digital cameras, scanners, etc and the file sizes are relatively large. These formats cannot be manipulated, that is resized, rotated, etc without losing information. To avoid this, image processing should be completed before they are inserted into a document and the image sized to the dimensions that it will be printed at. \\ +\textsc{jpeg} is a `lossy' format because it achieves smaller file sizes by permanantly removing information. This information cannot be restored and the higher the level of compression, the smaller the file, the greater the information loss and the more the image degrades. \\ -If the image is in \texttt{pdf} format, any fonts that it contains should be embedded before it is included in a LaTeX document. This means that a copy of the fonts included in the graphic are included with the image file. If they are not embedded, fonts on the current user's system will be substituted. If they are not the same, the image will not appear as it's creator intended. \\ +This format does not support transparency. This is an option to remove background colours from images. This may be useful when working with graphs and line drawings. \\ + +\textsc{jpeg}'s are not suitable for editing in a graphics editor because even saving these files introduces artifacts and the more often it is saved, the more artifacts will be introduced. If a small file size is required, an appropriate work flow may be to work on the image in an alternative format, such as a camera's \textsc{raw} format or a \textsc{tiff} file, then save the final production as a \texttt{.jpg}. \\ + + +\paragraph{\textsc{png}} pronounced `ping', stands for Portable Graphic Format. This is also a compressed file format. It supports `lossless' file compression. That is, when \textsc{png} files are compressed, no information is lost. \textsc{png} also supports transparency so that image backgrounds may be removed. Metadata may also be added to images in this format. This may include information about when and where the image was created, camera settings, colour profile, etc. \\ + + +\paragraph{\textsc{jbig2}} was developed by the Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group. \textsc{jbig2} is used as a format for scanned images of documents. This may be helpful for preserving historical documents, or for organisations that have a lot of digitised records. \\ + + +\paragraph{\textsc{pdf}} stands for `Portable Document Format'. These files are not compressed and while at the same time are relatively small. \textsc{pdf} is suitable for images that contain both textual and graphic elements, such as plots. Any fonts that \textsc{pdf}'s contain should be embedded before they are included in a LaTeX document. This means that a copy of the fonts included in the graphic are included with the image file. If they are not embedded, fonts on the current user's system will be substituted. If they are not the same, the image will not appear as it's creator intended. \\ \subsubsection{Additional Factors} \paragraph{Resolution} Images to be viewed on a computer screen have their resolution expressed in pixels per inch \texttt{(ppi)}. This refers to the number of pixels that the image will take up on a computer monitor. The actual proportion of the screen taken up by an image depends on the monitors resolution: images take up more screen area on monitors with lower resolutions. There is some debate regarding an optimal ppi, but a defacto standard appears to be 72ppi. These images are \emph{not} suitable for printing. They will appear fuzzy and indistinct and pixilated. \\ -The resolution of images to be printed is described in terms of dots per inch \texttt{(dpi)}. This refers to the number of dots a printer can put on paper. Most commercial images in books and magazines are 300dpi. This gives a crisp clear image and the file sizes are not too big. It is possible to increase resolution to 600dpi if the image contains fine lines or very small fonts. \\ +The resolution of images to be printed is described in terms of dots per inch \texttt{(dpi)}. This refers to the number of dots a printer can put on paper. Most commercial images in books and magazines are 300dpi. This gives a crisp clear image and the file sizes are not too big. It is possible to increase resolution to 600dpi if the image contains very fine lines or very small fonts. \\ \paragraph{Colour Depth} Colour depth, or bit depth, refers to the number of colours available to any given image. An 8 bit image can display 256 colours, a 16 bit can display 65000 colours and a 24 bit image can display 16.7 million colours. Images, especially photographs, with a higher colour depth will appear more realistic and vibrant. \\ -\paragraph{Colour Space} A colour space is a model that describes a particular colour in terms of numbers. Two common colour spaces are \textsc{rgb} and \textsc{cmyk}. As mentioned above, raster format files have pixels that have a number attached to them that describes the pixel's colour. For instance, \textsc{rgb} describes colours in terms of the proportion of red, green and blue. The colour code for Royal Blue in rgb is 65, 105, 225. \textsc{cmyk} uses four values to represent colours and these are derived from the amount of cyan, magenta, yellow and key. Key is usually black and is used for shading colours produced by mixing the other three. A \textsc{cmyk} colour space describes Royal Blue as 71, 53, 0, 12. \\ +\paragraph{Colour Space} A colour space is a model that describes a particular colour in terms of numbers. Two common colour spaces are \textsc{rgb} and \textsc{cmyk}. As mentioned above, raster format files have pixels that have a number attached to them that describes the pixel's colour. \textsc{rgb} describes colours in terms of the proportion of red, green and blue. The colour code for Royal Blue in rgb is 65, 105, 225. \textsc{cmyk} uses four values to represent colours and these are derived from the amount of cyan, magenta, yellow and key. Key is usually black and is used for shading colours produced by mixing the other three. A \textsc{cmyk} colour space describes Royal Blue as 71, 53, 0, 12. \\ If the document is to be printed professionally, the printers should be consulted for their requirements. These may include specific file formats, resolution, a colour space, often cmyk or rgb, and colour depth. These are best edited with dedicated graphics software. A large number of these are available, both commercial and non-commercial. \\ @@ -1678,14 +1702,14 @@ If the document is to be printed professionally, the printers should be consulte The first step in placing graphics in LaTeX documents is to place the file in the project directory so that LaTeX can find it when the document is compiled. Images are placed on the page inside the \texttt{figure} environment. This is a float and the same positioning commands may be used as with tables: \texttt{h}, \texttt{t}, \texttt{b} or \texttt{p}. The figure may be aligned on the page with: \texttt{centre}, \texttt{flushleft} or \texttt{flushright}. The graphic is selected with \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics}. This command requires the name of the graphic file and has a \texttt{scale} option that tells LaTeX to resize it: 1.0 is the normal size, 0.5 is half size and 2.0 is double size. Captions are added in the same way as tables with \texttt{\textbackslash caption\{\}}. \\ -The code below loads an encapsulated postscript file named \texttt{Drawing.eps} as a centred graphic in the \texttt{figure} environment with a caption. The caption text will appear as the figure title in the List of Figures in the front matter when the document is compiled. \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics\{\}} tells LaTeX the name of the graphic file to load and \texttt{scale} specifies whether to reduce or enlarge: 1.0 is original size, 0.5 is half size and 2.0 is double. In this case, the file size is reduced to 50\% of the original which is about 10cm square. The code below produces figure 1. \\ +The code below loads a Portable Document Format file named \texttt{Drawing.pdf} as a centred graphic in the \texttt{figure} environment with a caption. The caption text will appear as the figure title in the List of Figures in the front matter when the document is compiled. \texttt{\textbackslash includegraphics\{\}} tells LaTeX the name of the graphic file to load and \texttt{scale} specifies whether to reduce or enlarge: 1.0 is original size, 0.5 is half size and 2.0 is double. In this case, the file size is reduced to 50\% of the original which is about 10cm square. The code below inserts figure 1. \\ {\small \begin{verbatim} \begin{figure}[h] \center -\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Drawing.eps} +\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Drawing.pdf} \caption{Spiral} \end{figure} \end{verbatim} @@ -1694,7 +1718,7 @@ The code below loads an encapsulated postscript file named \texttt{Drawing.eps} \begin{figure}[h] \center -\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Drawing.eps} +\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Drawing.pdf} \caption{Spiral} \end{figure} @@ -1747,7 +1771,7 @@ Document Text It is possible to have two styles in a document, for instance lower case Roman numerals for the front matter including the index, Table of Contents, List of Figures, etc, and Arabic numerals for the remainder of the text. -This is handled with \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{StyleName\}}. At the beginning of the front matter, insert \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{roman\}} and when the document text begins, insert \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{arabic\}}. If the title page is to be un-numbered, insert \texttt{\textbackslash thispagestyle\{empty\}} following \texttt{\textbackslash maketitle}. \\ +This is handled with \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{StyleName\}}. At the beginning of the front matter, insert \texttt{\textbackslash pagenumbering\{roman\}} and when the document text begins, insert \texttt{\textbackslash page numbering\{arabic\}}. If the title page is to be un-numbered, insert \texttt{\textbackslash thispagestyle\{empty\}} following \texttt{\textbackslash maketitle}. \\ The following creates an article class document with an un-numbered title page containing an abstract, a Table of Contents, List of Figures and List of Tables on separate pages with Roman numerals and the body text in Arabic numerals. @@ -1860,8 +1884,8 @@ $\frac{a}{b}$ & \texttt{\textbackslash frac\{a\}\{b\}} \\ $a \choose b$ & \texttt{a \textbackslash choose b} \\ $\sqrt a$ & \texttt{\textbackslash sqrt a} \\ $\root n \of {a}$ & \texttt{\textbackslash root n \textbackslash of \{a\}} \\ -$\overbrace{abc}$ & \texttt{\textbackslash overbrace\{\}} \\ -$\underbrace{abc}$ & \texttt{\textbackslash underbrace\{\}} \\ +$\overbrace{abc}$ & \texttt{\textbackslash overbrace\{abc\}} \\ +$\underbrace{abc}$ & \texttt{\textbackslash underbrace\{abc\}} \\ $\sum$ & \texttt{\textbackslash sum} \\ $\sum\limits_{i=0}^{\infty}$ & \texttt{\textbackslash sum \textbackslash limits \_\{i=0\}\{\textbackslash infty\} }\\ \bottomrule[1.0pt] @@ -2019,7 +2043,9 @@ The Table of Contents, List of Figures and List of Tables are inserted with: \end{verbatim} } -These are placed in the document environment after \texttt{\textbackslash maketitle} and the abstract. +\begin{flushleft} +These are placed in the document environment after \texttt{\textbackslash maketitle} and the abstract. \\ +\end{flushleft} LaTeX will generate these automatically when the document is compiled from the sectioning commands and the figure and table captions. A page break after each command will place them on separate pages. \\ @@ -2268,7 +2294,7 @@ Appendices can be added to documents with the \texttt{appendix} package. This is } \begin{flushleft} -Options for this package are listed in Table 23: +Options for this package are listed in Table 23. \end{flushleft} @@ -2392,7 +2418,7 @@ A title slide with Author, Title, Subtitle, Institute and Date may be generated % Title Page \title{The Lost Secrets of \LaTeXe} \subtitle{} -\author{ALbertus Magnus} +\author{Albertus Magnus} \institute{University of Paris} \date{\today} @@ -2473,10 +2499,11 @@ This will create a handout with one slide per page. If handouts are generated, t \section{Compiling Documents} +When the text is marked up, it must be compiled to produce a readable document. LaTeX can produce postscript and \textsc{pdf} files. Both of these \subsection{Postscript Format} -When the text is marked up, it must be compiled to produce a readable document. LaTeX can produce postscript and \textsc{pdf} files. Postscript is the `gold standard' for printed documents and LaTeX produces these without any special commands in the preamble. These files are compiled by running LaTeX multiple times to resolve the front and back matter, tables and lists. If the document contains references created with BibLaTeX, \texttt{biber} will have to be run to sort them. The following scheme is suggested for documents that contain BibLaTeX references. \texttt{biber} can be omitted if they are not present. +Postscript is the `gold standard' for printed documents and LaTeX produces these without any special commands in the preamble. These files are compiled by running LaTeX multiple times to resolve the front and back matter, tables and lists. If the document contains references created with BibLaTeX, \texttt{biber} will have to be run to sort them. The following scheme is suggested for documents that contain BibLaTeX references. \texttt{biber} can be omitted if they are not present. \begin{center} @@ -2544,6 +2571,8 @@ LaTeX saves the resulting files to the project directory. \texttt{dvi} files can \texttt{pdflatex TestFile.dvi} \end{flushleft} + + \subsection{PDF Format} \texttt{.dvi} and postscript files can be converted to \textsc{pdf} format if required using the \texttt{DVI->PDF} or \texttt{PS->PDF} options in TeXstudio or the \texttt{DVItoPDF} or \texttt{PStoPDF} options in Kile. \texttt{pdf} files created this way will not contain any hyperlinks and there will be no metadata attached to the file. pdfLaTeX supports these features so is the recommended way to produce \textsc{pdf} files. @@ -2564,6 +2593,15 @@ Keywords={PDF; Latex2e; Guide} \end{verbatim} } +As with postscript documents, pdfLaTeX needs to be run multiple times to produce a finished document. This is to resolve the index, lists of tables and figures, hyperlinks, etc. If the document contains automatically generated references, biber will also need to be run. The following compiles a document that contains automatically generated references: + + +\begin{center} +\texttt{PDFlatex} \\ +\texttt{biber} \\ +\texttt{PDFlatex} \\ +\texttt{PDFlatex} \\ +\end{center} \begin{flushleft} To compile a document from the command line in \textsc{pdf} format, use \texttt{pdflatex}: @@ -2584,18 +2622,22 @@ To compile a document into \textsc{pdf} format in TeXstudio, go to the Menu: \\ \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} - In Kile: \\ +In Kile: \\ \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} - \texttt{Build $\rightarrow$ Compile $\rightarrow$ \textsc{pdf}LaTeX} \\ +\texttt{Build $\rightarrow$ Compile $\rightarrow$ \textsc{pdf}LaTeX} \\ \end{flushleft} \begin{flushleft} If the document contains BibLaTeX references, \texttt{biber} is in the same menu in both editors. \\ \end{flushleft} -As with postscript documents, pdfLaTeX will have to be run multiple times to resolve the front and back matter, tables, hyperlinks, etc. +An additional step with \textsc{pdf} documents is to embed the fonts used in the document. This means that a copy of the fonts used in the document are included with the file. This is so the document looks the same across devices that may or may not have the same fonts as the document installed on them. LaTeX requires no additional steps to do this. Both the dvi or Postscript $\rightarrow$ \textsc{pdf} and pdfLaTeX do this automatically. To check that the fonts actually have been embedded, in Sumatra click on \\ + +Home $\rightarrow$ File $\rightarrow$ Properties + +When the Document Properties box pops up, click on the \texttt{Get Fonts info}. This will contain a list of fonts. Look for the comment (Type 1; embedded) next to each font in the document. Most \textsc{pdf} viewers will have the same information in their equivalent `Document Properties' sections. @@ -2604,7 +2646,7 @@ As with postscript documents, pdfLaTeX will have to be run multiple times to res \section{References} \begin{flushleft} -Berry, K (2024) \LaTeXe: An Unofficial Reference Manual. Retrieved from: \\ +Berry, K (2024). \LaTeXe: An Unofficial Reference Manual. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.latexref.xyz/dev/latex2e.pdf}} \\ \bigskip Carlisle, D.P. (2024). Packages in the `graphics’ bundle. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.ctan.org/pkg/graphicx}} \\ @@ -2613,16 +2655,16 @@ Clawson, J. (2021). biblatex-mla MLA Style Using Biblatex, Version 2.0. Retrieve \bigskip Fussner, D. (2024). The biblatex-chicago package: Style files for biblatex, Version 2.2. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.ctan.org/pkg/biblatex-chicago}} \\ \bigskip -Goosens, M., Mittelbach, F., Rahtz, S., Roegel, D. and Voss, H. (2008) \textit{The LaTeX Graphics Companion}. 2nd Edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley. \\ +Goosens, M., Mittelbach, F., Rahtz, S., Roegel, D. and Voss, H. (2008). \textit{The LaTeX Graphics Companion}. 2nd Edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley. \\ \bigskip -Kern, U. (2024).Extending LATEX’s color facilities: the xcolor package v3.02. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.ctan.org/pkg/xcolor}} \\ +Kern, U. (2024). Extending LATEX’s color facilities: the xcolor package v3.02. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.ctan.org/pkg/xcolor}} \\ \bigskip Kime, P. (2023). APA BibLaTeX Style. Citation and References macros for BibLaTeX, Version 9.17. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.ctan.org/pkg/biblatex-apa}} \\ \bigskip -Kime, P., Wemheuer, M., Lehman, P. (2024) The biblatex Package. Programmable Bibliographies and Citations. Retrieved from: \\ +Kime, P., Wemheuer, M., Lehman, P. (2024). The biblatex Package. Programmable Bibliographies and Citations. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.ctan.org/pkg/biblatex}} \\ \bigskip -Lamport, L. (1986) \textit{LaTeX: A Document Preparation System}. 2nd Edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley.\\ +Lamport, L. (1986). \textit{LaTeX: A Document Preparation System}. 2nd Edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley.\\ \bigskip Mittelbach, F., Fairbairns, R., Lemberg, W. and the LaTeX Project Team (2016). LaTeX font encodings. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.ctan.org/pkg/encguide}} \\ @@ -2631,9 +2673,9 @@ Mittelbach, F. and Goosens, M. (2004). \textit{The LaTeX Companion}. 2nd Edition \bigskip Mori, L.F. (2007). Tables in LaTeX2e: Packages and Methods. \textit{The PracTeX Journal}, 1, 1-38.\\ \bigskip -Pakin, S., (2021). \textit{The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List}. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.ctan.org/pkg/comprehensive}}\\ +Pakin, S., (2024). \textit{The Comprehensive LaTeX Symbol List}. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.ctan.org/pkg/comprehensive}}\\ \bigskip -Th\'{a}nh, H.T., Rahtz, S., Hagen, H., Henkel, H., Schroder, M. and Berry, K. (2024) \textit{The pdfTeX User Manual}. Retrieved from: \\ +Th\'{a}nh, H.T., Rahtz, S., Hagen, H., Henkel, H., Schroder, M. and Berry, K. (2024). \textit{The pdfTeX User Manual}. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{www.ctan.org/pkg/pdftex}} \\ \bigskip International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (2021). Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. Retrieved from: \\ \texttt{\url{http://icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf}} \\ @@ -2759,7 +2801,9 @@ headheight=18pt]{geometry} % The document title \title{The Lost Secrets of \LaTeXe} % The author(s) -\author{Albertus Magnus} +\author{Albertus Magnus \\ + Doctor Universalis\\ + University of Paris \\} % Insert today's date \date{\today} @@ -2946,7 +2990,9 @@ headheight=18pt]{geometry} % The document title \title{The Lost Secrets of \LaTeXe} % The author(s) -\author{Albertus Magnus} +\author{Albertus Magnus \\ + Doctor Universalis \\ + University of Paris \\} % Insert today's date \date{\today} |