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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2024-12-29 21:47:17 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2024-12-29 21:47:17 +0000
commit262530ff1206ca770dd9d0c406945ddceb5f4c6c (patch)
treea34eba6d423d50c6600c018f9bb987f789c82e90 /Master
parent687a42fba4aa88e6eef24a40568f4d9403fda23b (diff)
rm afparticle, obsolete on CTAN
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@73234 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master')
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/Makefile58
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/README14
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/Makefile
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-#
-# Makefile for resphilosophica package
-#
-# This file is in public domain
-#
-# $Id: Makefile,v 1.5 2014-12-23 17:16:01 boris Exp $
-#
-
-PACKAGE=afparticle
-
-SAMPLES = afpsample.tex
-
-PDF = $(PACKAGE).pdf ${SAMPLES:%.tex=%.pdf}
-
-all: ${PDF}
-
-
-%.pdf: %.dtx $(PACKAGE).cls
- pdflatex $<
- - bibtex $*
- pdflatex $<
- - makeindex -s gind.ist -o $*.ind $*.idx
- - makeindex -s gglo.ist -o $*.gls $*.glo
- pdflatex $<
- while ( grep -q '^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed' $*.log) \
- do pdflatex $<; done
-
-
-%.cls: %.ins %.dtx
- pdflatex $<
-
-%.pdf: %.tex $(PACKAGE).cls
- pdflatex $<
- - bibtex $*
- pdflatex $<
- pdflatex $<
- while ( grep -q '^LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may have changed' $*.log) \
- do pdflatex $<; done
-
-
-.PRECIOUS: $(PACKAGE).cfg $(PACKAGE).cls
-
-
-clean:
- $(RM) *.log *.aux *.spl \
- *.cfg *.glo *.idx *.toc \
- *.ilg *.ind *.out *.lof \
- *.lot *.bbl *.blg *.gls \
- *.dvi *.ps *.hd *.rpi *.notes
-
-distclean: clean
- $(RM) $(PDF) $(PACKAGE).cls
-
-#
-# Archive for the distribution. Includes typeset documentation
-#
-archive: all clean
- tar -C .. -czvf $(PACKAGE).tgz --exclude '*~' --exclude '*.tgz' --exclude CVS $(PACKAGE) \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/README
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- Typesetting Articles for Archives of Forensic Psychology
-
-This package provides a class for typesetting articles for the open
-access journal Archives of Forensic Psychology,
-http://www.archivesofforensicpsychology.com.
-
-Changes:
-
- v1.3 Corrected more typos in the masthead
-
- v1.2 Corrected typos in the masthead
-
- v1.1 Suppressed hyphenation
-
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afparticle.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afparticle.pdf
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-@Article{Haidt07,
- author = {Jonathan Haidt},
- title = {The New Synthesis in Moral Psychology},
- journal = {Science},
- year = 2007,
- volume = 316,
- pages = {998--1002},
- annote = {People are selfish, yet morally motivated. Morality is
-universal, yet culturally variable. Such apparent contradictions are
-dissolving as research from many disciplines converges on a few shared
-principles, including the importance of moral intuitions, the socially
-functional (rather than truth-seeking) nature of moral thinking, and
-the coevolution of moral minds with cultural practices and
-institutions that create diverse moral communities. I propose a fourth
-principle to guide future research: Morality is about more than harm
-and fairness. More research is needed on the collective and religious
-parts of the moral domain, such as loyalty, authority, and spiritual
-purity.}
-}
-
-@article{DeMarzo05,
- type={Working Paper Series},
- title={{Relative Wealth Concerns and Technology Bubbles}},
- author={Demarzo, Peter M. and Kaniel, Ron and Kremer, Ilan },
- journal={SSRN eLibrary},
- year=2005,
- publisher={SSRN},
- keywords={Bubble, technology, relative wealth, Joneses, herding, over-investment},
- location={http://ssrn.com/paper=668137},
- note={\url{http://ssrn.com/paper=668137}},
- language={English}
-}
-
-
-@article{Arrow63,
- jstor_articletype = {primary_article},
- title = {Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care},
- author = {Arrow, Kenneth J.},
- journal = {The American Economic Review},
- jstor_issuetitle = {},
- volume = {53},
- number = {5},
- jstor_formatteddate = {Dec., 1963},
- pages = {941--973},
- url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1812044},
- ISSN = {00028282},
- abstract = {},
- language = {},
- year = {1963},
- publisher = {American Economic Association},
- copyright = {Copyright ¿ 1963 American Economic Association},
- }
-
-@Article{CluttonBrock09:Cooperation,
- author = {Tim Clutton-Brock},
- title = {Cooperation Between Non-Kin in Animal Societies},
- journal = {Nature},
- year = 2009,
- volume = 462,
- pages = {51--57},
- annote = {Explanations of cooperation between non-kin in animal
- societies often suggest that individuals exchange resources or
- services and that cooperation is maintained by reciprocity. But do
- cooperative interactions between unrelated individuals in non-human
- animals really resemble exchanges or are they a consequence of
- simpler mechanisms? Firm evidence of reciprocity in animal societies
- is rare and many examples of cooperation between non-kin probably
- represent cases of intra-specific mutualism or manipulation.}
-}
-
-
-
-@article{Henrich10:MarketsReligionFairness,
-author = {Henrich, Joseph and Ensminger, Jean and
- McElreath, Richard and Barr, Abigail and
- Barrett, Clark and Bolyanatz, Alexander and
- Cardenas, Juan Camilo and Gurven, Michael and
- Gwako, Edwins and Henrich, Natalie and
- Lesorogol, Carolyn and Marlowe, Frank and
- Tracer, David and Ziker, John},
-title = {Markets, Religion, Community Size,
- and the Evolution of Fairness and Punishment},
-journal = {Science},
-volume = {327},
-number = {5972},
-pages = {1480--1484},
-doi = {10.1126/science.1182238},
-year = {2010},
-abstract = {Large-scale societies in which strangers regularly engage
-in mutually beneficial transactions are puzzling. The evolutionary
-mechanisms associated with kinship and reciprocity, which underpin
-much of primate sociality, do not readily extend to large unrelated
-groups. Theory suggests that the evolution of such societies may have
-required norms and institutions that sustain fairness in ephemeral
-exchanges. If that is true, then engagement in larger-scale
-institutions, such as markets and world religions, should be
-associated with greater fairness, and larger communities should punish
-unfairness more. Using three behavioral experiments administered
-across 15 diverse populations, we show that market integration
-(measured as the percentage of purchased calories) positively covaries
-with fairness while community size positively covaries with
-punishment. Participation in a world religion is associated with
-fairness, although not across all measures. These results suggest that
-modern prosociality is not solely the product of an innate psychology,
-but also reflects norms and institutions that have emerged over the
-course of human history.},
-eprint = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/327/5972/1480.pdf}
-}
-
-@article{Hoff10,
-author = {Hoff, Karla},
-title = {Fairness in Modern Society},
-journal = {Science},
-volume = {327},
-number = {5972},
-pages = {1467--1468},
-doi = {10.1126/science.1188537},
-year = {2010},
-eprint = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/327/5972/1467.pdf}
-}
-
-
-@article{Woolley10012010,
-author = {Woolley, Anita Williams and Chabris, Christopher F.
- and Pentland, Alexander and Hashmi, Nada and Malone, Thomas W.},
-title = {Evidence for a Collective Intelligence Factor in the
- Performance of Human Groups},
-journal = {Science},
-pages = {science.1193147},
-doi = {10.1126/science.1193147},
-year = {2010},
-abstract = {Psychologists have repeatedly shown that a single
-statistical factor--often called "general intelligence"--emerges from
-the correlations among people's performance on a wide variety of
-cognitive tasks. But no one has systematically examined whether a
-similar kind of "collective intelligence" exists for groups of
-people. In two studies with 699 individuals, working in groups of two
-to five, we find converging evidence of a general collective
-intelligence factor that explains a group's performance on a wide
-variety of tasks. This "c factor" is not strongly correlated with the
-average or maximum individual intelligence of group members but is
-correlated with the average social sensitivity of group members, the
-equality in distribution of conversational turn-taking, and the
-proportion of females in the group.},
-}
-
-
-@article{Stapel08042011,
- author = {Stapel, Diederik A. and Lindenberg, Siegwart},
- title = {Coping with Chaos: How Disordered Contexts Promote
- Stereotyping and Discrimination},
- volume = 332,
- number = 6026,
- pages = {251--253},
- year = 2011,
- doi = {10.1126/science.1201068},
- abstract ={Being the victim of discrimination can have serious
- negative health- and quality-of-life–related
- consequences. Yet, could being discriminated against depend on such
- seemingly trivial matters as garbage on the streets? In this study,
- we show, in two field experiments, that disordered contexts (such as
- litter or a broken-up sidewalk and an abandoned bicycle) indeed
- promote stereotyping and discrimination in real-world situations
- and, in three lab experiments, that it is a heightened need for
- structure that mediates these effects (number of subjects: between
- 40 and 70 per experiment). These findings considerably advance our
- knowledge of the impact of the physical environment on stereotyping
- and discrimination and have clear policy implications: Diagnose
- environmental disorder early and intervene immediately.},
- eprint = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6026/251.full.pdf},
- journal = {Science}
-}
-
-@article{Freeman01:Libertarians,
- title = {Illiberal Libertarians:
- Why Libertarianism Is Not a Liberal View},
- author = {Freeman, Samuel},
- journal = {Philosophy & Public Affairs},
- volume = 30,
- number = 2,
- jstor_formatteddate = {Spring, 2001},
- pages = {105--151},
- url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3557960},
- ISSN = 00483915,
- language = {English},
- year = 2001,
- publisher = {Blackwell Publishing},
- copyright = {Copyright ¿ 2001 Princeton University Press},
-}
-
-@Article{Zintzaras10,
- author = {Zintzaras, Elias and Santos, Mauro and
- Szathmary, Eors},
- title = {Selfishness Versus Functional Cooperation in a Stochastic
- Protocell Model},
- journal = {Journal of Theoretical Biolology},
- year = 2010,
- volume = 267,
- pages = {605--613},
- annote = {How to design an evolvable artificial system capable to
- Increase in complexity? Although Darwin s theory of evolution by
- natural selection obviously offers a firm foundation little hope of
- success seems to be expected from the explanatory adequacy of
- modern evolutionary theory which does a good job at explaining what
- has already happened but remains practically helpless at predicting
- what will occur However the study of the major transitions in
- evolution clearly suggests that Increases in complexity have
- occurred on those occasions when the conflicting interests between
- competing individuals were partly subjugated This immediately
- raises the issue about levels of selection in evolutionary biology
- and the idea that multi-level selection scenarios are required for
- complexity to emerge After analyzing the dynamical behaviour of
- competing replicators within compartments we show here that a
- proliferation of differentiated catalysts and/or improvement of
- catalytic efficiency of ribozymes can potentially evolve in
- properly designed artificial cells where the strong internal
- competition between the different species of replicators is
- somewhat prevented (i e by choosing them with equal probability)
- Experimental evolution in these systems will likely stand as
- beautiful examples of artificial adaptive systems and will provide
- new insights to understand possible evolutionary paths to the
- evolution of metabolic complexity (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights
- reserved}
-}
-
-@Article{Boza10,
- author = {Boza, Gergely and Szamado, Szabolcs},
- title = {Beneficial Laggards: Multilevel Selection,
- Cooperative Polymorphism and
- Division of Labour in {T}hreshold {P}ublic {G}ood {G}ames},
- journal = {BMC Evol. Biol.},
- year = 2010,
- volume = 10,
- pages = {Article~336},
- annote = {Background: The origin and stability of cooperation is
- a hot topic in social and behavioural sciences. A complicated
- conundrum exists as defectors have an advantage over cooperators,
- whenever cooperation is costly so consequently, not cooperating
- pays off. In addition, the discovery that humans and some animal
- populations, such as lions, are polymorphic, where cooperators and
- defectors stably live together - while defectors are not being
- punished-, is even more puzzling. Here we offer a novel explanation
- based on a Threshold Public Good Game (PGG) that includes the
- interaction of individual and group level selection, where
- individuals can contribute to multiple collective actions, in our
- model group hunting and group defense. Results: Our results show
- that there are polymorphic equilibria in Threshold PGGs; that
- multi-level selection does not select for the most cooperators per
- group but selects those close to the optimum number of cooperators
- (in terms of the Threshold PGG). In particular for medium cost
- values division of labour evolves within the group with regard to
- the two types of cooperative actions (hunting
- vs. defense). Moreover we show evidence that spatial population
- structure promotes cooperation in multiple PGGs. We also
- demonstrate that these results apply for a wide range of non-linear
- benefit function types. Conclusions: We demonstrate that
- cooperation can be stable in Threshold PGG, even when the
- proportion of so called free riders is high in the population. A
- fundamentally new mechanism is proposed how laggards, individuals
- that have a high tendency to defect during one specific group
- action can actually contribute to the fitness of the group, by
- playing part in an optimal resource allocation in Threshold Public
- Good Games. In general, our results show that acknowledging a
- multilevel selection process will open up novel explanations for
- collective actions.}
-}
-
-@Article{Rainey10,
- author = {Rainey, Paul B. and Kerr, Benjamin},
- title = {Cheats as First Propagules: A New Hypothesis for the
- Evolution of Individuality During the Transition from
- Single Cells to Multicellularity},
- journal = {Bioessays},
- year = 2010,
- volume = 32,
- pages = {872--880},
- annote = {The emergence of individuality during the evolutionary
- transition from single cells to multicellularity poses a range of
- problems. A key issue is how variation in lower-level individuals
- generates a corporate (collective) entity with Darwinian
- characteristics. Of central importance to this process is the
- evolution of a means of collective reproduction, however, the
- evolution of a means of collective reproduction is not a trivial
- issue, requiring careful consideration of mechanistic
- details. Calling upon observations from experiments, we draw
- attention to proto-life cycles that emerge via unconventional
- routes and that transition, in single steps, individuality to
- higher levels. One such life cycle arises from conflicts among
- levels of selection and invokes cheats as a primitive germ line: it
- lays the foundation for collective reproduction, the basis of a
- self-policing system, the selective environment for the emergence
- of development, and hints at a plausible origin for a soma/germ
- line distinction.} }
-
-
-@Article{Pigliucci10,
- author = {Pigliucci, Massimo},
- title = {Okasha's Evolution and the Levels of Selection:
- Toward a Broader
- Conception of Theoretical Biology},
- journal = {Biol. Philos.},
- year = 2010,
- volume = 25,
- pages = {405--415},
- annote = {The debate about the levels of selection has been one
- of the most controversial both in evolutionary biology and in
- philosophy of science. Okasha's book makes the sort of
- contribution that simply will not be able to be ignored by anyone
- interested in this field for many years to come. However, my
- interest here is in highlighting some examples of how Okasha goes
- about discussing his material to suggest that his book is part of
- an increasingly interesting trend that sees scientists and
- philosophers coming together to build a broadened concept of
- "theory" through a combination of standard mathematical treatments
- and conceptual analyses. Given the often contentious history of the
- relationship between philosophy and science, such trend cannot but
- be welcome.}
-}
-
-@Article{Okasha09,
- author = {Okasha, Samir},
- title = {Individuals, Groups, Fitness and Utility:
- Multi-Level Selection Meets Social Choice Theory},
- journal = {Biol. Philos.},
- year = 2009,
- volume = 24,
- pages = {561--584},
- annote = {In models of multi-level selection, the property of
- Darwinian fitness is attributed to entities at more than one level
- of the biological hierarchy, e. g. individuals and groups. However,
- the relation between individual and group fitness is a
- controversial matter. Theorists disagree about whether group
- fitness should always, or ever, be defined as total (or average)
- individual fitness. This paper tries to shed light on the issue by
- drawing on work in social choice theory, and pursuing an analogy
- between fitness and utility. Social choice theorists have long been
- interested in the relation between individual and social utility,
- and have identified conditions under which social utility equals
- total (or average) individual utility. These ideas are used to shed
- light on the biological problem.}
-}
-
-@Article{Pigliucci09,
- author = {Pigliucci, Massimo},
- title = {{S}amir {O}kasha: {E}volution and the Levels of Selection},
- journal = {Biol. Philos.},
- year = 2009,
- volume = 24,
- pages = {551--560},
- annote = {The debate about the levels of selection has been one
- of the most controversial both in evolutionary biology and in
- philosophy of science. Okasha's book makes the sort of
- contribution that simply will not be able to be ignored by anyone
- interested in this field for many years to come. However, my
- interest here is in highlighting some examples of how Okasha goes
- about discussing his material to suggest that his book is part of
- an increasingly interesting trend that sees scientists and
- philosophers coming together to build a broadened concept of
- "theory" through a combination of standard mathematical treatments
- and conceptual analyses. Given the often contentious history of the
- relationship between philosophy and science, such trend cannot but
- be welcome.}
-}
-
-@Article{Egas08,
- author = {Egas, Martijn and Riedl, Arno},
- title = {Proc. R. Soc. B.},
- journal = {The Economics of Altruistic Punishment and the Maintenance
- of Cooperation},
- year = 2008,
- volume = 275,
- pages = {871--878},
- annote = {Explaining the evolution and maintenance of cooperation
- among unrelated individuals is one of the fundamental problems in
- biology and the social sciences. Recent findings suggest that
- altruistic punishment is an important mechanism maintaining
- cooperation among humans. We experimentally explore the boundaries
- of altruistic punishment to maintain cooperation by varying both
- the cost and the impact of punishment, using an exceptionally
- extensive subject pool. Our results show that cooperation is only
- maintained if conditions for altruistic punishment are relatively
- favourable: low cost for the punisher and high impact on the
- punished. Our results indicate that punishment is strongly governed
- by its cost-to-impact ratio and that its effect on cooperation can
- be pinned down to one single variable: the threshold level of
- free-riding that goes unpunished. Additionally, actual pay-offs are
- the lowest when altruistic punishment maintains cooperation,
- because the pay-off destroyed through punishment exceeds the gains
- from increased cooperation. Our results are consistent with the
- interpretation that punishment decisions come from an amalgam of
- emotional response and cognitive cost-impact analysis and suggest
- that altruistic punishment alone can hardly maintain cooperation
- under multi-level natural selection. Uncovering the workings of
- altruistic punishment as has been done here is important because it
- helps predicting under which conditions altruistic punishment is
- expected to maintain cooperation.}
-}
-
-@Article{Helanterae06,
- author = {Helanter{\"a}, H.},
- title = {The Unity That Does Not Exist---A Review of
- {A.} {B}urt \& {R.} {T}rivers 2006: {G}enes in {C}onflict},
- journal = {J. Evol. Bol.},
- year = 2006,
- volume = 19,
- pages = {2067--2070},
- annote = {Organisms harbour several genetic elements with the
- potential to act selfishly, and thus undermine the fitness of the
- organism as a whole. In their book 'Genes in conflict', Austin Burt
- and Robert Trivers thoroughly review evolution and molecular
- biology of such selfish genetics elements, and set them in a kin
- selection framework. In this review I set their views in a larger
- multi-level selection framework, and consider potential problems in
- the study of selfish genetics elements.}
-}
-
-@Article{Okasha05,
- author = {Okasha, Samir},
- title = {Altruism, Group Selection and Correlated Interaction},
- journal = {Brit. J. Phil. Sci.},
- year = 2005,
- volume = 56,
- pages = {703--725},
- annote = {Group selection is one acknowledged mechanism for the
- evolution of altruism. It is well known that for altruism to spread
- by natural selection, interactions must be correlated; that is,
- altruists must tend to associate with one another. But does group
- selection itself require correlated interactions? Two possible
- arguments for answering this question affirmatively are
- explored. The first is a bad argument, for it rests on a
- product/process confusion. The second is a more subtle argument,
- whose validity (or otherwise) turns on issues concerning the
- meaning of multi-level selection and how it should be modelled. A
- cautious defence of the second argument is offered.
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Multi-level selection and the evolution of altruism
- 3 Price's equation and multi-level selection
- 4 Contextual analysis and multi-level selection
- 5 The neighbour approach
- 6 Recapitulation and conclusion.}
-}
-
-@Article{Okasha04,
- author = {Okasha, Samir},
- title = {Multi-Level Selection, Covariance and Contextual Analysis},
- journal = {Brit. J. Phil. Sci.},
- year = 2004,
- volume = 55,
- pages = {481--504},
- annote = {Two alternative statistical approaches to modelling
- multi-level selection in nature, both found in the contemporary
- biological literature, are contrasted. The simple covariance
- approach partitions the total selection differential on a
- phenotypic character into within-group and between-group
- components, and identifies the change due to group selection with
- the latter. The contextual approach partitions the total selection
- differential into different components, using multivariate
- regression analysis. The two approaches have different implications
- for the question of what constitutes group selection and what does
- not. I argue that the contextual approach is theoretically
- preferable. This has important implications for a number of issues
- in the philosophical debate about the levels of selection.} }
-
-
-@Article{Bowles04,
- author = {Bowles, Samuel and Gintis, Herbert},
- title = {The Evolution of Strong Reciprocity: Cooperation
- in Heterogeneous Populations},
- journal = {Theor. Population Biol.},
- year = 2004,
- volume = 65,
- pages = {17--28},
- annote = {How do human groups maintain a high level of
- cooperation despite a low level of genetic relatedness among group
- members? We suggest that many humans have a predisposition to
- punish those who violate group-beneficial norms, even when this
- imposes a fitness cost on the punisher. Such altruistic punishment
- is widely observed to sustain high levels of cooperation in
- behavioral experiments and in natural settings. We offer a model
- of cooperation and punishment that we call strong reciprocity:
- where members of a group benefit from mutual adherence to a social
- norm, strong reciprocators obey the norm and punish its violators,
- even though as a result they receive lower payoffs than other group
- members, such as selfish agents who violate the norm and do not
- punish, and pure cooperators who adhere to the norm but free-ride
- by never punishing. Our agent-based simulations show that, under
- assumptions approximating likely human environments over the
- 100,000 years prior to the domestication of animals and plants, the
- proliferation of strong reciprocators when initially rare is highly
- likely, and that substantial frequencies of all three behavioral
- types can be sustained in a population. As a result, high levels of
- cooperation are sustained. Our results do not require that group
- members be related or that group extinctions occur. (C) 2003
- Published by Elsevier Inc.} }
-
-
-@Article{Gintis03,
- author = {Gintis, Herbert},
- title = {The Hitchhiker's Guide to Altruism: Gene-Culture
- Coevolution, and the Internalization of Norms},
- journal = {J. Theor. Biol.},
- year = 2003,
- volume = 220,
- pages = {407--418},
- annote = {An internal norm is a pattern of behavior enforced in
- part by internal sanctions, such as shame, guilt and loss of
- self-esteem, as opposed to purely external sanctions, such as
- material rewards and punishment. The ability to internalize norms
- is widespread among humans, although in some so-called
- "sociopaths", this capacity is diminished or lacking. Suppose
- there is one genetic locus that controls the capacity to
- internalize norms. This model shows that if an internal norm is
- fitness enhancing, then for plausible patterns of socialization,
- the allele for internalization of norms is evolutionarily
- stable. This framework can be used to model Herbert Simon's (1990)
- explanation of altruism, showing that altruistic norms can
- "hitchhike" on the general tendency of internal norms to be
- personally fitness-enhancing. A multi-level selection, gene-culture
- coevolution argument then explains why individually
- fitness-reducing internal norms are likely to be prosocial as
- opposed to socially harmful. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All
- rights reserved.} }
-
-@Article{Kerr02,
- author = {Kerr, Benjamin and Godfrey-Smith, Peter},
- title = {Individualist and Multi-Level Perspectives on Selection
- in Structured Populations},
- journal = {Biol. Philos.},
- year = 2002,
- volume = 17,
- pages = {477--517},
- annote = {Recent years have seen a renewed debate over the
- importance of group selection, especially as it relates to the
- evolution of altruism. One feature of this debate has been
- disagreement over which kinds of processes should be described in
- terms of selection at multiple levels, within and between
- groups. Adapting some earlier discussions, we present a
- mathematical framework that can be used to explore the exact
- relationships between evolutionary models that do, and those that
- do not, explicitly recognize biological groups as fitness-bearing
- entities. We show a fundamental set of mathematical equivalences
- between these two kinds of models, one of which applies a form of
- multi-level selection theory and the other being a form of
- "individualism." However, we also argue that each type of model can
- have heuristic advantages over the other. Indeed, it can be
- positively useful to engage in a kind of back-and-forth switching
- between two different perspectives on the evolutionary role of
- groups. So the position we defend is a "gestalt-switching
- pluralism".} }
-
-
-@Article{Kerr02a,
- author = {Kerr, Benjamin and Godfrey-Smith, Peter},
- title = {On {P}rice's Equation and Average Fitness},
- journal = {Biol. Philos.},
- year = 2002,
- volume = 17,
- pages = {551--565},
- annote = {A number of recent discussions have argued that George
- Price's equation for representing evolutionary change is a powerful
- and illuminating tool, especially in the context of debates about
- multiple levels of selection. Our paper dissects Price's equation
- in detail, and compares it to another statistical tool: the
- calculation and comparison of average fitnesses. The relations
- between Price's equation and equations for evolutionary change
- using average fitness are closer than is sometimes supposed. The
- two approaches achieve a similar kind of statistical summary of one
- generation of change, and they achieve this via a similar loss of
- information about the underlying fitness structure.}
-}
-
-@Article{Nachtomy02,
- author = {Nachtomy, Ohad and Shavit, Ayelet and Smith, Justin},
- title = {Leibnizian Organisms, Nested Individuals, and
- Units of Selection},
- journal = {Theory Biosci.},
- year = 2002,
- volume = 121,
- pages = {205--230},
- annote = {Leibniz developed a new notion of individuality,
- according to which individuals are nested one within another,
- thereby abandoning the Aristotelian formula at the heart of
- substantialist metaphysics, 'one body, one substance'. On this
- model, the level of individuality is determined by the degree of
- activity, and partly defined by its relations with other
- individuals. In this article, we show the importance of this new
- notion of individuality for some persisting questions in
- theoretical biology. Many evolutionary theorists presuppose a model
- of individuality that will eventually reduce to spatiotemporal
- mechanisms, and some still look for an exclusive level or function
- to determine a unit of selection. In recent years, a number of
- alternatives to these exclusive approaches have emereged, and no
- consensus can be foreseen. It is for this reason that we propose
- the model of nested individuals. This model supports pluralistic
- multi-level selection and rejects an exclusive level or function
- for a unit of selection. Since activity is essential to the unity
- of an individual, this model focuses on integrating processes of
- interaction and replication instead of choosing between them. In
- addition, the model of nested individuals may also be seen as a
- distinct perspective among the various alternative models for the
- unit of selection. This model stresses activity and pluralism: it
- accepts simultaneuous co-existence of individuals at different
- levels, nested one within the other. Our aim in this article is to
- show now a chapter of the history of metaphysics may be fruitfully
- brought to bear on the current debate over the unit of selection in
- evolutionary biology.} }
-
-@Article{Canals98,
- author = {Canals, Jos{\'e} and Vega-Redondo, Fernando},
- title = {Multi-Level Evolution in Population Games},
- journal = {Int. J. Game Theory},
- year = 1998,
- volume = 27,
- pages = {21--35},
- annote = {In this paper, we analyze a generalization of the
- evolutionary model of Kandori, Mailath, & Rob (1993) where the
- population is partitioned into groups and evolution takes place "in
- parallel" at the following two levels: (i) within groups, at the
- lower level; among groups, at the higher one. Unlike in their
- context, efficiency considerations always overcome those of
- risk-dominance in the process of selecting the long-run
- equilibrium. This provides an explicitly dynamic basis for a
- conclusion reminiscent of those put forward in the biological
- literature by the so-called theories group selection. From a
- normative viewpoint, it suggests the potential importance of
- "decentralization", here understood as local and independent
- interaction.} }
-
-@Article{Simon10,
- author = {Simon, Burton},
- title = {A Dynamical Model of Two-Level Selection},
- journal = {Evol. Ecol. Res.},
- year = 2010,
- volume = 12,
- pages = {555--588},
- annote = {Question: How do continuous-time evolutionary
- trajectories of two-level
- selection behave?
- Approach: Construct and solve a dynamical model of two-level selection
- capable of predicting evolutionary trajectories and equilibrium
- configurations.
- Mathematical methods: Evolutionary birth-death processes, simulation,
- large population asymptotics, numerical solutions of hyperbolic PDEs.
- Key assumptions: Environment composed of distinct groups of individuals.
- Individuals' birth and death rates are differentiable functions of the
- state of the environment. Groups' fissioning and extinction rates are
- integrable functions of the state of the environment.
- Main results: A continuous-time, discrete-state, stochastic model of
- two-level selection that can be simulated exactly. A continuous-time,
- continuous-state, deterministic (PDE) model of two-level selection that
- can be solved numerically. A mathematical connection between the
- stochastic and deterministic models. Equilibrium configurations of the
- environment in models of the evolution of cooperation by two-level
- selection often consist of complicated mixtures of groups of varying
- sizes, ages, and levels of cooperation.}
-}
-
-@Article{Goodnight11,
- author = {Goodnight, Charles J.},
- title = {Evolution in Metacommunities},
- journal = {Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B},
- year = 2011,
- volume = 366,
- pages = {1401--1409},
- annote = {A metacommunity can be defined as a set of communities
- that are linked by migration, and extinction and recolonization. In
- metacommunities, evolution can occur not only by processes that
- occur within communities such as drift and individual selection,
- but also by among-community processes, such as divergent selection
- owing to random differences among communities in species
- composition, and group and community-level selection. The effect of
- these among-community-level processes depends on the pattern of
- migration among communities. Migrating units may be individuals
- (migrant pool model), groups of individuals (single-species
- propagule pool model) or multi-species associations (multi-species
- propagule pool model). The most interesting case is the
- multi-species propagule pool model. Although this pattern of
- migration may a priori seem rare, it becomes more plausible in
- small well-defined 'communities' such as symbiotic associations
- between two or a few species. Theoretical models and experimental
- studies show that community selection is potentially an effective
- evolutionary force. Such evolution can occur either through genetic
- changes within species or through changes in the species
- composition of the communities. Although laboratory studies show
- that community selection can be important, little is known about
- how important it is in natural populations.} }
-
-@Article{Nunney85a,
- author = {Len Nunney},
- title = {Group Selection, Altruism, and Structured-Deme Models},
- journal = {American Naturalist},
- year = 1985,
- volume = 126,
- pages = {212--230}
-}
-
-
-@Article{Nunney85b,
- author = {Len Nunney},
- title = {Female-Biased Sex Ratios: Individual or Group Selection?},
- journal = {Evolution},
- year = 1985,
- volume = 39,
- pages = {349--361}
-}
-
-@Article{Lion11,
- author = {S{\'e}bastien Lion and Vincent A. A. Jansen and Troy Day},
- title = {Evolution in Structured Populations:
- Beyond the Kin Versus Group Debate},
- journal = {Trends Ecol. Evol.},
- year = 2011,
- volume = 26,
- pages = {193--201},
- annote = {Much of the literature on social evolution is pervaded
-by the old debate about the relative merits of kin and group
-selection. In this debate, the biological interpretation of processes
-occurring in real populations is often conflated with the mathematical
-methodology used to describe these processes. Here, we highlight the
-distinction between the two by placing this discussion within the
-broader context of evolution in structured populations. In this review
-we show that the current debate overlooks important aspects of the
-interplay between genetic and demographic structuring, and argue that
-a continued focus on the relative merits of kin versus group selection
-distracts attention from moving the field forward.} }
-
-@Article{Leigh09,
- author = {Leigh, E. G., Jr.},
- title = {The Group Selection Controversy},
- journal = {J. Evol. Biol.},
- year = 2009,
- volume = 23,
- pages = {6--19},
- annote = {Many thought Darwinian natural selection could not
-explain altruism. This error led Wynne-Edwards to explain sustainable
-exploitation in animals by selection against overexploiting
-groups. Williams riposted that selection among groups rarely overrides
-within-group selection. Hamilton showed that altruism can evolve
-through kin selection. How strongly does group selection influence
-evolution? Following Price, Hamilton showed how levels of selection
-interact: group selection prevails if Hamilton's rule applies. Several
-showed that group selection drove some major evolutionary
-transitions. Following Hamilton's lead, Queller extended Hamilton's
-rule, replacing genealogical relatedness by the regression on an
-actor's genotypic altruism of interacting neighbours' phenotypic
-altruism. Price's theorem shows the generality of Hamilton's rule. All
-instances of group selection can be viewed as increasing inclusive
-fitness of autosomal genomes. Nonetheless, to grasp fully how
-cooperation and altruism evolve, most biologists need more concrete
-concepts like kin selection, group selection and selection among
-individuals for their common good. } }
-
-@Article{Platt09,
- author = {Thomas G. Platt and James D. Bever},
- title = {Kin Competition and the Evolution
- of Cooperation},
- journal = {Trends Ecol. Evol.},
- year = 2009,
- volume = 24,
- pages = {370--377},
- annote = {Kin and multilevel selection theories predict that
-genetic structure is required for the evolution of
-cooperation. However, local competition among relatives can limit
-cooperative benefits, antagonizing the evolution of cooperation. We
-show that several ecological factors determine the extent to which kin
-competition constrains cooperative benefits. In addition, we argue
-that cooperative acts that expand local carrying capacity are less
-constrained by kin competition than other cooperative traits, and are
-therefore more likely to evolve. These arguments are particularly
-relevant to microbial cooperation, which often involves the production
-of public goods that promote population expansion. The challenge now
-is to understand how an organism's ecology influences how much
-cooperative groups contribute to future generations and thereby the
-evolution of cooperation.} }
-
-@Article{Rankin07,
- author = {Daniel J. Rankin and Katja Bargum and Hanna Kokko},
- title = {The Tragedy of the Commons in
- Evolutionary Biology},
- journal = {Trends Ecol. Evol.},
- year = 2007,
- volume = 22,
- pages = {643--651},
- annote = {Garrett Hardin's tragedy of the commons is an analogy
-that shows how individuals driven by self-interest can end up
-destroying the resource upon which they all depend. The proposed
-solutions for humans rely on highly advanced skills such as
-negotiation, which raises the question of how non-human organisms
-manage to resolve similar tragedies. In recent years, this question
-has promoted evolutionary biologists to apply the tragedy of the
-commons to a wide range of biological systems. Here, we provide tools
-to categorize different types of tragedy and review different
-mechanisms, including kinship, policing and diminishing returns that
-can resolve conflicts that could otherwise end in tragedy. A central
-open question, however, is how often biological systems are able to
-resolve these scenarios rather than drive themselves extinct through
-individual-level selection favouring self-interested behaviours.} }
-
-@Article{Taylor07:Dilemma,
- author = {Christine Taylor and Martin A. Nowak},
- title = {Transforming the Dilemma},
- journal = {Evolution},
- year = 2007,
- volume = 61,
- pages = {2281--2292},
- annote = {How does natural selection lead to cooperation between
-competing individuals ? The Prisoner's Dilemma captures the essence of
-this problem. Two players can either cooperate or defect. The payoff
-for mutual cooperation, R, is greater than the payoff for mutual
-defection, P. But a defector versus a cooperator receives the highest
-payoff, T, where as the cooperator obtains the lowest payoff,
-S. Hence, the Prisoner's Dilemma is defined by the payoff ranking T >
-R > P > S. In a well-mixed population, defectors always have a higher
-expected payoff than cooperators, and therefore natural selection
-favors defectors. The evolution of cooperation requires specific
-mechanisms. Here we discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of
-cooperation: direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, kin selection,
-group selection, and network reciprocity (or graph selection). Each
-mechanism leads to a transformation of the Prisoner's Dilemma payoff
-matrix. From the transformed matrices, we derive the fundamental
-conditions for the evolution of cooperation. The transformed matrices
-can be used in standard frameworks of evolutionary dynamics such as
-the replicator equation or stochastic processes of game dynamics in
-finite populations.} }
-
-@Article{West07,
- author = {Stuart A. West and Stephen P. Diggle and Angus Buckling
- and Andy Gardner and Ashleigh S. Griffin},
- title = {The Social Lives of Microbes},
- journal = {Ann. Rev. Evol. Ecol. Systematics},
- year = 2007,
- volume = 38,
- pages = {53--77},
- annote = {Our understanding of the social lives of microbes has been
- revolutionized over the past 20 years. It used to be assumed that
- bacteria and other microorganisms lived relatively independent
- unicellular lives, without the cooperative behaviors that have
- provoked so much interest in mammals, birds, and insects. However, a
- rapidly expanding body of research has completely overturned this
- idea, showing that microbes indulge in a variety of social behaviors
- involving complex systems of cooperation, communication, and
- synchronization. Work in this area has already provided some elegant
- experimental tests of social evolutionary theory, demonstrating the
- importance of factors such as relatedness, kin discrimination,
- competition between relatives, and enforcement of cooperation. Our
- aim here is to review these social behaviors, emphasizing the unique
- opportunities they offer for testing existing evolutionary theory as
- well as highlighting the novel theoretical problems that they pose.}
-}
-
-@Article{Lehmann06,
- author = {L. Lehmann and L. Keller},
- title = {The Evolution of Cooperation and Altruism---A
- General Framework and a Classification of Models},
- journal = {J. Evol. Biol.},
- year = 2006,
- volume = 19,
- pages = {1365--1376},
- annote = {One of the enduring puzzles in biology and the social
-sciences is the origin and persistence of intraspecific cooperation
-and altruism in humans and other species. Hundreds of theoretical
-models have been proposed and there is much confusion about the
-relationship between these models. To clarify the situation, we
-developed a synthetic conceptual framework that delineates the
-conditions necessary for the evolution of altruism and cooperation. We
-show that at least one of the four following conditions needs to be
-fulfilled: direct benefits to the focal individual performing a
-cooperative act; direct or indirect information allowing a better than
-random guess about whether a given individual will behave
-cooperatively in repeated reciprocal interactions; preferential
-interactions between related individuals; and genetic correlation
-between genes coding for altruism and phenotypic traits that can be
-identified. When one or more of these conditions are met, altruism or
-cooperation can evolve if the cost-to-benefit ratio of altruistic and
-cooperative acts is greater than a threshold value. The
-cost-to-benefit ratio can be altered by coercion, punishment and
-policing which therefore act as mechanisms facilitating the evolution
-of altruism and cooperation. All the models proposed so far are
-explicitly or implicitly built on these general principles, allowing
-us to classify them into four general categories.} }
-
-@Article{Wilson83,
- author = {David Sloan Wilson},
- title = {The Group Selection Controversy: History and
- Current Status},
- journal = {Ann. Rev. Ecol. Systematics},
- year = 1983,
- volume = 14,
- pages = {159--187}
-}
-
-@Article{West07a,
- author = {S. A. West and A. S. Griffin and A. Gardner},
- title = {Social Semantics: Altruism, Cooperation, Mutualism,
- Strong Reciprocity and Group Selection},
- journal = {J. Evol. Biol.},
- year = 2007,
- volume = 20,
- pages = {415--432},
- annote = {From an evolutionary perspective, social behaviours are
-those which have fitness consequences for both the individual that
-performs the behaviour, and another individual. Over the last 43
-years, a huge theoretical and empirical literature has developed on
-this topic. However, progress is often hindered by poor communication
-between scientists, with different people using the same term to mean
-different things, or different terms to mean the same thing. This can
-obscure what is biologically important, and what is not. The potential
-for such semantic confusion is greatest with interdisciplinary
-research. Our aim here is to address issues of semantic confusion that
-have arisen with research on the problem of cooperation. In
-particular, we: (i) discuss confusion over the terms kin selection,
-mutualism, mutual benefit, cooperation, altruism, reciprocal altruism,
-weak altruism, altruistic punishment, strong reciprocity, group
-selection and direct fitness; (ii) emphasize the need to distinguish
-between proximate (mechanism) and ultimate (survival value)
-explanations of behaviours. We draw examples from all areas, but
-especially recent work on humans and microbes. } }
-
-@Article{Wilson08,
- author = {D. S. Wilson},
- title = {Social Semantics: Toward a Genuine Pluralism in the
- Study of Social Behaviour},
- journal = {J. Evol. Biol.},
- year = 2008,
- volume = 21,
- pages = {368--373},
- annote = {Pluralism is the coexistence of equivalent theoretical
-frameworks, either because they are historically entrenched or because
-they achieve separate insights by viewing the same process in
-different ways. A recent article by West et al. [Journal of
-Evolutionary Biology (2007) vol. 20, 415-432] attempts to classify the
-many equivalent frameworks that have been developed to study the
-evolution of social behaviour. This article addresses shortcomings in
-the West et al.'s article, especially with respect to multilevel
-selection, in a common effort to maximize the benefits of pluralism
-while minimizing the semantic costs.} }
-
-@Article{West08,
- author = {S. A. West and A. S. Griffin and A. Gardner},
- title = {Social Semantics: How Useful Has Group Selection Been?},
- journal = {J. Evol. Biol.},
- year = 2008,
- volume = 21,
- pages = {374--385},
- annote = {In our social semantics review ( J. Evol. Biol., 2007,
-415-432), we discussed some of the misconceptions and sources of
-confusion associated with group selection. Wilson (2007, this issue)
-claims that we made three errors regarding group selection. Here, we
-aim to expand upon the relevant points from our review in order to
-refute this claim. The last 45 years of research provide clear
-evidence of the relative use of the kin and group selection
-approaches. Kin selection methodologies are more tractable, allowing
-the construction of models that can be applied more easily to specific
-biological examples, including those chosen by Wilson to illustrate
-the utility of the group selection approach. In contrast, the group
-selection approach is not only less useful, but also appears to
-frequently have negative consequences by fostering confusion that
-leads to wasted effort. More generally, kin selection theory allows
-the construction of a unified conceptual overview that can be applied
-across all taxa, whereas there is no formal theory of group
-selection.} }
-
-@Article{Hamilton64a,
- author = {Hamilton, W. D.},
- title = {The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior. {I}},
- journal = {J. Theor. Biol.},
- year = 1964,
- volume = 7,
- pages = {1--16}
-}
-
-@Article{Hamilton64b,
- author = {Hamilton, W. D.},
- title = {The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior. {II}},
- journal = {J. Theor. Biol.},
- year = 1964,
- volume = 7,
- pages = {17--52}
-}
-
-
-@Article{Lion09,
- author = {S. Lion and S. Gandon},
- title = {Habitat Saturation and the Spatial Evolutionary Ecology
- of Altruism},
- journal = {J. Evol. Biol.},
- year = 2009,
- volume = 22,
- pages = {1487--1502},
- annote = {Under which ecological conditions should individuals
-help their neighbours? We investigate the effect of habitat saturation
-on the evolution of helping behaviours in a spatially structured
-population. We combine the formalisms of population genetics and
-spatial moment equations to tease out the effects of various
-physiological (direct benefits and costs of helping) and ecological
-parameters (such as the density of empty sites) on the selection
-gradient on helping. Our analysis highlights the crucial importance of
-demography for the evolution of helping behaviours. It shows that
-habitat saturation can have contrasting effects, depending on the form
-of competition (direct vs. indirect competition) and on the
-conditionality of helping. In our attempt to bridge the gap between
-spatial ecology and population genetics, we derive an expression for
-relatedness that takes into account both habitat saturation and the
-spatial structure of genetic variation. This analysis helps clarify
-discrepancies in the results obtained by previous theoretical
-studies. It also provides a theoretical framework taking into account
-the interplay between demography and kin selection, in which new
-biological questions can be explored.} }
-
-@Article{Wilson77,
- author = {David Sloan Wilson},
- title = {Structured Demes and the Evolution of
- Group-Advantageous Traits},
- journal = {American Naturalist},
- year = 1977,
- volume = 111,
- pages = {157--185},
- annote = {1. Most organisms interact with a set of neighbors
-smaller than the deme (its trait group). Demes therefore are not only
-a population of individuals but also a population of groups
-(structured demes). 2. Trait groups vary in their composition. The
-minimum variance to be expected is that arising from a binomial
-distribution. Most populations have a higher variance than this due to
-(a) differential interactions with the environment and (b) the effects
-of reproduction inside the trait groups. 3. As a consequence of this
-variation, an individual on the average experiences its own "type" in
-a greater frequency than actually exists in the deme. Its behaviors
-are therefore directed differentially toward fellow types, and this is
-the fundamental requirement for the evolution of altruism. 4. Models
-are presented for warning cries and other donor-recipient relations,
-resource notification, the evolution of prudence in exploitation and
-interference competition, and the effect of differential trait-group
-extinction. In all cases evolution in structured demes differs from
-traditional individual-selection models. Individual selection
-corresponds to the case where there is zero variance among trait
-groups, that is, complete homogeneity. 5. The "threshold" variance
-permitting the evolution of altruism (negative fitness change to the
-donor) is that arising from a binomial distribution. As this is the
-minimum to be expected in nature, this theory predicts that at least
-weakly altruistic behavior should be a common occurrence (but see
-[9]). 6. If a population is overexploiting its resource, a decrease in
-feeding rate through interference may be selected for given any
-trait-group variation. 7. When trait groups are composed entirely of
-siblings (i.e., kin groups), the model is mathematically equivalent to
-kin selection. 8. As well as increasing population fitness, social
-systems may also evolve an "immunity" against group-detrimental
-types. 9. If a given group-advantageous effect can be accomplished
-through both altruistic and selfish mechanisms, the selfish mechanism
-will be selected. A paucity of altruistic behaviors may signify that
-it is usually possible to create the same result selfishly--not that
-altruism "cannot" be selected for} }
-
-@Article{Fletcher09,
- author = {Jeffrey A. Fletcher and Michael Doebeli},
- title = {A Simple and General Explanation for the
- Evolution of Altruism},
- journal = {Proc. Roy. Soc. B},
- year = 2009,
- volume = 276,
- pages = {13--19},
- annote = {We present a simple framework that highlights the most
-fundamental requirement for the evolution of altruism: assortment
-between individuals carrying the cooperative genotype and the helping
-behaviours of others with which these individuals interact. We
-partition the fitness effects on individuals into those due to self
-and those due to the \u2018interaction environment\u2019, and show
-that it is the latter that is most fundamental to understanding the
-evolution of altruism. We illustrate that while kinship or genetic
-similarity among those interacting may generate a favourable structure
-of interaction environments, it is not a fundamental requirement for
-the evolution of altruism, and even suicidal aid can theoretically
-evolve without help ever being exchanged among genetically similar
-individuals. Using our simple framework, we also clarify a common
-confusion made in the literature between alternative fitness
-accounting methods (which may equally apply to the same biological
-circumstances) and unique causal mechanisms for creating the
-assortment necessary for altruism to be favoured by natural
-selection.} }
-
-@Article{Lion09a,
- author = {S{\'e}bastien Lion},
- title = {Relatedness in Spatially Structured Populations
- with Empty Sites: An Approach Based on Spatial Moment
- Equations},
- journal = {J. Theor. Biol.},
- year = 2009,
- volume = 260,
- pages = {121--131},
- annote = {Taking into account the interplay between spatial
-ecological dynamics and selection is a major challenge in evolutionary
-ecology. Although inclusive fitness theory has proven to be a very
-useful tool to unravel the interactions between spatial genetic
-structuring and selection, applications of the theory usually rely on
-simplifying demographic assumptions. In this paper, I attempt to
-bridge the gap between spatial demographic models and kin selection
-models by providing a method to compute approximations for relatedness
-coefficients in a spatial model with empty sites. Using spatial moment
-equations, I provide an approximation of nearest-neighbour relatedness
-on random regular networks, and show that this approximation performs
-much better than the ordinary pair approximation. I discuss the
-connection between the relatedness coefficients I define and those
-used in population genetics, and sketch some potential extensions of
-the theory.} }
-
-@article{Hirose22072011,
-author = {Hirose, Shigenori and Benabentos, Rocio and Ho, Hsing-I and Kuspa, Adam and Shaulsky, Gad},
-title = {Self-Recognition in Social Amoebae Is Mediated by Allelic Pairs of Tiger Genes},
-volume = 333,
-number = 6041,
-pages = {467-470},
-year = 2011,
-journal = {Science},
-doi = {10.1126/science.1203903},
-abstract ={Free-living cells of the social amoebae Dictyostelium
-discoideum can aggregate and develop into multicellular fruiting
-bodies in which many die altruistically as they become stalk cells
-that support the surviving spores. Dictyostelium cells exhibit kin
-discrimination—a potential defense against cheaters, which
-sporulate without contributing to the stalk. Kin discrimination
-depends on strain relatedness, and the polymorphic genes tgrB1 and
-tgrC1 are potential components of that mechanism. Here, we demonstrate
-a direct role for these genes in kin discrimination. We show that a
-matching pair of tgrB1 and tgrC1 alleles is necessary and sufficient
-for attractive self-recognition, which is mediated by differential
-cell-cell adhesion. We propose that TgrB1 and TgrC1 proteins mediate
-this adhesion through direct binding. This system is a genetically
-tractable ancient model of eukaryotic self-recognition.},
-}
-
-@Article{Leadbeater11,
- author = {Ellouise Leadbeater b*mand Jonathan M. Carruthers
- and Jonathan P. Green and Neil S. Rosser
- and Jeremy Field},
- title = {Nest Inheritance Is the Missing Source of Direct
- Fitness in a Primitively Eusocial Insect},
- journal = {Science},
- year = 2011,
- volume = 333,
- number = 6044,
- pages = {874--876},
- abstract= {Animals that cooperate with nonrelatives represent a
-challenge to inclusive fitness theory, unless cooperative behavior is
-shown to provide direct fitness benefits. Inheritance of breeding
-resources could provide such benefits, but this route to cooperation
-has been little investigated in the social insects. We show that nest
-inheritance can explain the presence of unrelated helpers in a classic
-social insect model, the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes
-dominulus. We found that subordinate helpers produced more direct
-offspring than lone breeders, some while still subordinate but most
-after inheriting the dominant position. Thus, while indirect fitness
-obtained through helping relatives has been the dominant paradigm for
-understanding eusociality in insects, direct fitness is vital to
-explain cooperation in P. dominulus.} }
-
-@Article{Kiers11,
- author = {E. Toby Kiers and Marie Duhamel and Yugandhar Beesetty
- and Jerry A. Mensah and Oscar Franken and Erik Verbruggen
- and Carl R. Fellbaum and George A. Kowalchuk
- and Miranda M. Hart and Alberto Bago and Todd M. Palmer
- and Stuart A. West and Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse
- and Jan Jansa and Heike B\"ucking},
- title = {Reciprocal Rewards Stabilize Cooperation in the
- Mycorrhizal Symbiosis},
- journal = {Science},
- year = 2011,
- volume = 333,
- number = 6044,
- pages = {880--882},
- annote = {Plants and their arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal
-symbionts interact in complex underground networks involving multiple
-partners. This increases the potential for exploitation and defection
-by individuals, raising the question of how partners maintain a fair,
-two-way transfer of resources. We manipulated cooperation in plants
-and fungal partners to show that plants can detect, discriminate, and
-reward the best fungal partners with more carbohydrates. In turn,
-their fungal partners enforce cooperation by increasing nutrient
-transfer only to those roots providing more carbohydrates. On the
-basis of these observations we conclude that, unlike many other
-mutualisms, the symbiont cannot be \u201censlaved.\u201d Rather, the
-mutualism is evolutionarily stable because control is bidirectional,
-and partners offering the best rate of exchange are rewarded.} }
-
-@Article{Johnson11:Overconfidence,
- author = {Johnson, Dominic D.P. and Fowler, James H.},
- title = {The evolution of Overconfidence},
- journal = {Nature},
- year = 2011,
- volume = 477,
- number = 7364,
- pages = {317--320},
- annote = {Confidence is an essential ingredient of success in a
-wide range of domains ranging from job performance and mental health
-to sports, business and combat1, 2, 3, 4. Some authors have suggested
-that not just confidence but overconfidence\u2014believing you are
-better than you are in reality\u2014is advantageous because it serves
-to increase ambition, morale, resolve, persistence or the credibility
-of bluffing, generating a self-fulfilling prophecy in which
-exaggerated confidence actually increases the probability of success3,
-4, 5, 6, 7, 8. However, overconfidence also leads to faulty
-assessments, unrealistic expectations and hazardous decisions, so it
-remains a puzzle how such a false belief could evolve or remain stable
-in a population of competing strategies that include accurate,
-unbiased beliefs. Here we present an evolutionary model showing that,
-counterintuitively, overconfidence maximizes individual fitness and
-populations tend to become overconfident, as long as benefits from
-contested resources are sufficiently large compared with the cost of
-competition. In contrast, unbiased strategies are only stable under
-limited conditions. The fact that overconfident populations are
-evolutionarily stable in a wide range of environments may help to
-explain why overconfidence remains prevalent today, even if it
-contributes to hubris, market bubbles, financial collapses, policy
-failures, disasters and costly wars9, 10, 11, 12, 13.} }
-
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.pdf
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ddb997c81c..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.pdf
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index da324f40c88..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/afpsample.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-\documentclass[1p]{afparticle}
-\usepackage{lipsum}
-\begin{document}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% Information about the current issue
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% Volume
-\volumenumber{2}
-% Issue
-\issuenumber{1}
-% Year
-\publicationyear{2014}
-% Number of the paper in the journal
-\papernumber{2}
-% First page
-\startpage{256}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% Information about the paper
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% Title. If necessary, put the short title in the [..]
-\title[Research Title]{Unnecessarily Complicated Research Title}
-% Authors. The star denotes thecorressponding author
-\author*{John Smith}
-\address{Department, University, City, State, Country, Phone, E-mail}
-\author{Tom F. Johnson}
-\address{Department, University, City, State, Country}
-\author{Peter Sellers}
-\address{Department, University, City, State, Country}
-\author{Jay P. Singh}
-\address{Department, University, City, State, Country}
-% If necessary, redefine \shortauthors
-\renewcommand\shortauthors{John Smith et al}
-% Abstract
-\begin{abstract}
- \lipsum[1]
-\end{abstract}
-% Keywords
-\begin{keyword}
- One\sep Two\sep Three
-\end{keyword}
-
-% Technical information
-% Reception
-\received{April 1, 2013}
-% Revision; can be repeated
-\revised{May 20, 2013}
-\revised{June 15, 2013}
-% Acceptance
-\accepted{July 30, 2013}
-
-% Making title
-\maketitle
-
-\section{First section}
-\lipsum[2]
-
-% In-text citation
-As shown by \citet{Haidt07}, people are selfish, but morally
-motivated. See also the work by
-\citet{Stapel08042011}.
-
-% Parenthetical citations
-The method in \citep{Zintzaras10} may help.
-
-\subsection{A subsection}
-
-\lipsum[4]
-
-\subsubsection{A subsubsection}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-% TABLE
-%
-% Put caption before the table. Use booktabs for table
-% formatting
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{table}
- \centering
- \caption{A sample table}
- \label{tab:sample}
- \begin{tabular}{lrrr}
- \toprule
- Item & Units & Cost per unit, \$ & Total cost, \$\\
- \midrule
- Stuffed Gnus & 5 & 12.50 & 62.50 \\
- Memory Sticks & 4 & 6.00 & 24.00\\
- \midrule
- Total & & & 86.50\\
- \bottomrule
- \end{tabular}
-\end{table}
-
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-% FIGURE
-%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\begin{figure}
- \centering
- \includegraphics{vitruvian}
- \caption{A sample figure}
- \label{fig:sample}
-\end{figure}
-
-\lipsum[7-21]
-
-
-% Bibliography
-\bibliography{afpsample}
-\bibliographystyle{apacite}
-
-% This should be the last command
-\printbackmatter
-
-\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/vitruvian.jpg b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/vitruvian.jpg
deleted file mode 100644
index 406573b7d0e..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/afparticle/vitruvian.jpg
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.dtx b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.dtx
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b3e9aa60d4..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.dtx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1069 +0,0 @@
-% \iffalse
-%<*gobble>
-% $Id: afparticle.dtx,v 1.14 2014-12-23 17:13:00 boris Exp $
-%
-% Copyright 2014, Boris Veytsman <boris@varphi.com>
-% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either
-% version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any
-% later version.
-% The latest version of the license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of
-% LaTeX version 2005/12/01 or later.
-%
-% This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained'.
-%
-% The Current Maintainer of this work is Boris Veytsman
-%
-% This work consists of the file afparticle.dtx and the
-% derived file afparticle.cls
-%
-% \fi
-% \CheckSum{689}
-%
-%% \CharacterTable
-%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
-%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
-%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
-%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
-%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
-%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
-%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
-%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
-%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
-%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
-%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
-%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
-%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
-%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
-%
-% \iffalse
-%
-%
-%\section{Identification}
-%\label{sec:ident}
-%
-% We start with the declaration who we are
-% \begin{macrocode}
-%</gobble>
-%<class>\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
-%<*gobble>
-\ProvidesFile{afparticle.dtx}
-%</gobble>
-%<class>\ProvidesClass{afparticle}
-[2014/12/23 v1.3 Typesetting articles for Archives of Forensic Psychology]
-%<*gobble>
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-%
-% \fi
-%
-%\iffalse
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\documentclass{ltxdoc}
-\usepackage{array}
-\usepackage{url}
-\usepackage{hypdoc}
-\hypersetup{breaklinks,colorlinks,linkcolor=black,citecolor=black,
- pagecolor=black,urlcolor=black,hyperindex=false}
-\PageIndex
-\CodelineIndex
-\RecordChanges
-\EnableCrossrefs
-\begin{document}
- \DocInput{afparticle.dtx}
-\end{document}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%</gobble>
-%<*class>
-% \fi
-% \MakeShortVerb{|}
-% \GetFileInfo{afparticle.dtx}
-% \title{Typesetting Articles for \emph{Archives of Forensic Psychology}\thanks{\copyright 2014, Boris Veytsman}}
-% \author{Boris Veytsman\thanks{%
-% \href{mailto:borisv@lk.net}{\texttt{borisv@lk.net}},
-% \href{mailto:boris@varphi.com}{\texttt{boris@varphi.com}}}}
-% \date{\filedate, \fileversion}
-% \maketitle
-% \begin{abstract}
-% This package provides a class for typesetting articles for the
-% journal \emph{Archives of Forensic Psychology},
-% \url{http://www.archivesofforensicpsychology.com}.
-% \end{abstract}
-% \tableofcontents
-%
-% \clearpage
-%
-%
-%\section{Introduction}
-%\label{sec:intro}
-%
-% \emph{Archives of Forensic Psychology} is an Open Access journal.
-% It is described on its Web
-% page\footnote{\url{http://www.archivesofforensicpsychology.com}} in
-% the following way:
-% \begin{quotation}
-% Archives of Forensic Psychology (AFP) is an innovative,
-% peer-reviewed journal published twice per year. Our mission is to
-% link the science and practice of forensic psychology, by making
-% research and clinical resources freely available to all mental
-% health, correctional, and legal professionals. AFP welcomes
-% empirical research, book and instrument reviews, case studies,
-% commentaries, literature reviews, and policy
-% recommendations. Particularly encouraged is the submission of
-% non-significant results as well as the findings of government
-% reports, conference presentations, Master's theses, and
-% doctoral dissertations.
-% \end{quotation}
-%
-% The class |afparticle| is based on the |elsarticle|
-% class~\cite{elsarticle} with the following changes:
-% \begin{enumerate}
-% \item Some formatting changes: unnumbered sections and paragraphs
-% and others.
-% \item A different formatting of the title page.
-% \item Creation of the special file with the metadata used for the
-% Crossref submission.
-% \item Consistent use of APA~6 citation style.
-% \end{enumerate}
-% Most of these changes should be transparent for the user; in the
-% next section we discuss the user-visible ones in more detail.
-%
-%
-%\section{User Manual}
-%\label{sec:manual}
-%
-% The user should consult the manual of
-% |elsarticle|~\cite{elsarticle}; below we describe only the features
-% different for |afparticle| class.
-%
-%\subsection{Invocation}
-%\label{sec:invocation}
-%
-%
-% To use the class put in the preamble of your document
-% \begin{verbatim}
-% \documentclass{afparticle}
-% \end{verbatim}
-% The class supports the same options as |elsarticles| with the
-% following restrictions:
-% \begin{enumerate}
-% \item Options |3p| and |5p| are suppressed. The
-% journal uses only |1p| one-column design. Use options |preprint| and
-% |review| to typeset the article for submission, and |1p| for the
-% final typesetting.
-% \item Options |authoryear|, |number|, |sort&compress| are
-% suppressed. The journal uses |apacite| package~\cite{Meijer:Apacite} for the
-% bibliography (see below).
-% \end{enumerate}
-%
-%
-% To add line numbers to the manuscript, use
-% \begin{verbatim}
-% \usepackage{lineno}
-% \end{verbatim}
-% and then either
-% \begin{verbatim}
-% \begin{linenumbers}
-% ...
-% \end{linenumbers}
-% \end{verbatim}
-% or the global command
-% \begin{verbatim}
-% \linenumbers
-% \end{verbatim}
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Front Matter}
-%\label{sec:ug:frontmatter}
-%
-% \DescribeMacro{\maketitle}
-% Unlike |elsartclass|, |afparticle| does \emph{not} usesthe
-% environment |frontmatter|. Instead, use \cs{maketitle} like you do
-% in the standard \LaTeX\ article.
-%
-% \emph{Archives of Forensic Psychology} normally uses the
-% ``second type of frontmatter coding''~\cite{elsarticle}: the authors
-% with the same affiliation are grouped together, and the affiliation
-% follows the group.
-%
-% \DescribeMacro{\tnoteref}
-% \DescribeMacro{\corref}
-% \DescribeMacro{\fnref}
-% As different from |elsarticle|, the frontmatter commands
-% \emph{do not allow footnotes inside their arguments.} Thus the commands
-% \cs{tnoteref}, \cs{corref}, \cs{fnref} are not allowed and produce
-% errors. Please do not use them.
-%
-% \DescribeMacro{\author*}
-% Of course, there should be a way to show the corresponding author of
-% the manuscript. For this purpose the command \cs{author} has a
-% starred form \cs{author}:
-% \begin{verbatim}
-% \author*{John Doe} % Corresponding author
-% \address{George Mason University, Mailstop 76A12,
-% Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA,
-% \path{jdoe@gmu.edu}}
-% \author{Alexander Hamilton} % Other author
-% \address{George Washington University}
-% \end{verbatim}
-% Please note that the journal requires the corresponding author to
-% indicate her full mailing address and e-mail.
-%
-% \DescribeMacro{\shortauthors}
-% \LaTeX\ automatically puts the names of the authors into a running
-% head on even pages. Sometimes when the list of authors is too
-% large, it does not fit there. In this case put after all
-% \cs{author} definitions the line
-% \begin{verbatim}
-% \renewcommand{\shortauthors}{SHORT LIST}
-% \end{verbatim}
-% for example,
-% \begin{verbatim}
-% \renewcommand{\shortauthors}{John Doe et. al.}
-% \end{verbatim}
-%
-% \DescribeMacro{\title}
-% Unlike \cs{title} in the standard \LaTeX\ and |elsarticle|, our
-% \cs{title} has two arguments: the mandatory one and the optional
-% one. The reason is, the class uses title for running heads on odd
-% pages. If the title is too long, it may not fit, and then the
-% optional argument is used for running heads:
-% \begin{verbatim}
-% \title{Notes on evidence} % Running head and title coincide
-% \title[Notes on evidence]{Some notes on evidence as presented to the
-% juries} % Running head and title are different
-% \end{verbatim}
-%
-% \DescribeMacro{\volumenumber}
-% \DescribeMacro{\issuenumber}
-% \DescribeMacro{\publicationyear}
-% \DescribeMacro{\publicationmonth}
-% \DescribeMacro{\papernumber}
-% \DescribeMacro{\startpage}
-% \DescribeMacro{\endpage}
-% The macros |\volumenumber|, |\issuenumber|, |\publicationyear|,
-% |\publicationmonth|, |\papernumber|, |\startpage|, |\endpage| set up the
-% corresponding
-% data for the paper, for example:
-% \begin{verbatim}
-% \volumenumber{88}
-% \issuenumber{1--2}
-% \publicationyear{2012}
-% \publicationmonth{January--February}
-% \papernumber{2}
-% \startpage{1}
-% \endpage{39}
-% \end{verbatim}
-% Note that if the argument of |\endpage| is empty, \LaTeX{} tries to
-% calculate the last page number as best as it can.
-%
-% \DescribeMacro{\received}
-% \DescribeMacro{\revised}
-% \DescribeMacro{\accepted}
-% The macros \cs{received}\marg{date}, \cs{revised}\marg{date},
-% \cs{accepted}\marg{date} are used by the editorial staff for
-% techincal information about the paper. These macros can be
-% repeated.
-%
-%
-% \DescribeMacro{\doinumber}
-% Normally you do not need to set the DOI of the paper: \TeX{} will
-% construct the number using the paper data (including paper number in
-% the current issue). However, you \emph{may} override its decision
-% using the command |\doinumber| which sets the DOI explicitly, for
-% example, |\doinumber|\marg{12.234/afp.2013.01.01}.
-% You probably should not use this macro.
-%
-% \DescribeMacro{\prevpaper}
-% Instead of setting |\startpage|, one can use the the command
-% |\prevpaper|\marg{previous paper}, with the argument being the
-% location and file name of the previous paper in the journal, for example:
-% \begin{verbatim}
-% \prevpaper{../evidence/rules_of_evidence}
-% \end{verbatim}
-% Note that the |.tex| suffix should \emph{not} be used. The previous
-% paper must be processed by |latex| prior to the current one. In
-% this case |latex| will read the last page of the previous paper, and
-% start the current one from the proper page number.
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Back matter}
-%\label{sec:ug_back}
-%
-% \DescribeMacro{\printbackmatter}
-% The last command of the article must be \cs{printbackmatter}. It
-% prints the technical information about the paper.
-%
-%\subsection{Sectioning}
-%\label{sec:ug:sectioning}
-%
-% The class uses unnumbered sections, subsections and subsubsections.
-% Never use period (.) at the end of the title: it is not allowed for
-% sections and subsections and is automatically added by
-% subsubsectons.
-%
-%
-%\subsubsection{Tables and Figures}
-%\label{sec:ug_floats}
-%
-% You may use tables and figures in the manuscript. Remember that
-% table caption must \emph{precede} the table while figure captions
-% follow the contents.
-%
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Bibliography}
-%\label{sec:biblio}
-%
-% The class uses |apacite|~\cite{Meijer:Apacite} for bibliography with
-% |natbibapa| option. The format of the bibliographic commands is
-% described in the manuals~\cite{Meijer:Apacite}
-% and~\cite{Daly07:Natbib}. Basically you need the commands
-% \cs{citet}\marg{key} for textual citations like ``John Doe (2012) wrote
-% that\ldots'' and \cs{citep}\marg{key} for parentetical citations
-% like ``As shown in the literature (John Doe, 2012)\ldots''.
-%
-% If you use \textsc{Bib}\TeX, add to your file
-% \cs{bibliography}\marg{bibfiles} and |\bibliography{apacite}|. For
-% manual bibliographies you must use APA6 citation style.
-%
-% \StopEventually{\clearpage
-% \bibliography{tex}
-% \bibliographystyle{unsrt}}
-%
-% \clearpage
-%
-%
-%\section{Implementation}
-%\label{sec:impl}
-%
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Auxillary Macros}
-%\label{sec:aux}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{AFP@DisableMacro}
-% Some commands are disabled
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\AFP@DisableMacro#1{\ClassError{afparticle}{The macro
- \expandafter\protect\csname#1\endcsname\space
- is disabled}{The command
- \expandafter\protect\csname#1\endcsname\space
- is introduced in the
- elsarticle class.\MessageBreak It is disabled in afpartcile
- class}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\@nx}
-% \begin{macro}{\@xp}
-% \begin{macro}{\@ifnotempty}
-% From |amsart|
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\let\@xp=\expandafter
-\let\@nx=\noexpand
-\long\def\@ifempty#1{\@xifempty#1@@..\@nil}
-\long\def\@xifempty#1#2@#3#4#5\@nil{%
- \ifx#3#4\@xp\@firstoftwo\else\@xp\@secondoftwo\fi}
-\long\def\@ifnotempty#1{\@ifempty{#1}{}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-% \end{macro}
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\nxandlist}
-% This is from |amsart|:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\newtoks\@emptytoks
-\def\@andlista#1#2\and#3\and{\@andlistc{#2}\@ifnotempty{#3}{%
- \@andlistb#1{#3}}}
-\def\@andlistb#1#2#3#4#5\and{%
- \@ifempty{#5}{%
- \@andlistc{#2#4}%
- }{%
- \@andlistc{#1#4}\@andlistb{#1}{#3}{#3}{#5}%
- }}
-\let\@andlistc\@iden
-\newcommand{\nxandlist}[4]{%
- \def\@andlistc##1{\toks@\@xp{\the\toks@##1}}%
- \toks@{\toks@\@emptytoks \@andlista{{#1}{#2}{#3}}}%
- \the\@xp\toks@#4\and\and
- \edef#4{\the\toks@}%
- \let\@andlistc\@iden}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\@@and}
-% The final `and' in the list
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\@@and{and}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\author@andify}
-% Again |amsart|
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\author@andify{%
- \nxandlist {\unskip ,\penalty-1 \space\ignorespaces}%
- {\unskip {} \@@and~}%
- {\unskip ,\penalty-2 \space\@@and~}%
-}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Options}
-%\label{sec:options}
-%
-% We use |xkeyval|: right now our options do not have values, but we
-% may change this.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\RequirePackage{xkeyval}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{AFP@OptionWarning}
-% We disable some options and issue a warning:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\AFP@OptionWarning#1{\ClassWarning{afparticle}{The option #1 is
- not used for afparticle. I will silently ignore it}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-% The suppressed options:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\DeclareOptionX{3p}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
-\DeclareOptionX{5p}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
-\DeclareOptionX{authoryear}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
-\DeclareOptionX{number}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
-\DeclareOptionX{sort&compress}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% All non-suppressed options are passed to |elsarticle|:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\DeclareOptionX*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{elsarticle}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-%
-% And executing options:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\ProcessOptionsX
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Loading Classes and Packages}
-%\label{sec:classes}
-%
-% We want to prevent loading of natbib
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\@namedef{ver@natbib.sty}{}
-\@namedef{opt@natbib.sty}{round,authoryear}
-\newlength\bibsep
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% We use |elasrticle| since it has nice features for front matter:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\LoadClass[1p,authoryear,round]{elsarticle}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% We need |lastpage| for last page calculations, |fancyhdr| for our
-% headings, |hyperref| for references and |caption| for caption
-% formatting.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\RequirePackage{lastpage,fancyhdr}
-\RequirePackage{caption}
-\RequirePackage{booktabs}
-\RequirePackage{graphicx}
-\RequirePackage[hyperfootnotes=false,colorlinks,allcolors=blue]{hyperref}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% And now we do want natbib!
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\expandafter\let\csname ver@natbib.sty\endcsname=\@undefined
-\let\bibsep=\@undefined
-\RequirePackage[natbibapa]{apacite}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Front Matter}
-%\label{sec:frontmatter}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\abstract}
-% We do not use the word ``abstract'' for abstract
-\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup
- \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
- \noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}
- {\egroup}
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\tnoteref}
-% This macro is disabled.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\tnoteref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{tnoteref}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\corref}
-% This macro is disabled.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\corref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{corref}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\fnref}
-% This macro is disabled.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\fnref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{fnref}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\title}
-% This is from |amsart|:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\renewcommand*{\title}[2][]{\gdef\shorttitle{#1}\gdef\@title{#2}}
-\edef\title{\@nx\@dblarg
- \@xp\@nx\csname\string\title\endcsname}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\ifAFP@corrauthor}
-% This checks whether this author is the coresponding author
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\newif\ifAFP@corrauthor
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\authors}
-% We store in \cs{authors} the list of authors separated by
-% \cs{and}.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\authors{}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\shortauthors}
-% Initially we define \cs{shortauthors} as \cs{authors}, but the
-% user can redefine it.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\shortauthors{\authors}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\author}
-% First, check whether this author is the corresponding author.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\author{%
- \@ifstar{\AFP@corrauthortrue\AFP@author}{\AFP@corrauthorfalse\AFP@author}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\AFP@author}
-% The macro \cs{AFP@author} is our version of the standard
-% \cs{autor} macro
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\AFP@author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\@@author}
-% This typesets an author with some footnotes
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\@@author[#1]#2{%
- \ifx\@empty\authors
- \gdef\authors{#2}%
- \else
- \g@addto@macro\authors{\and#2}%
- \fi
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
- \normalsize\upshape
- \def\baselinestretch{1}%
- \authorsep#2\unskip}%
- \ifAFP@corrauthor
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\textsuperscript{$\ast$,}}\fi
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
- \textsuperscript{%#1%
- \@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{%
- \edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@affmark}}}%
- \unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}%
- \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi
- \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi
- }%
- \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
- \global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty
- \global\let\@fnmark\@empty}%
- \@eadauthor={#2}
-}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\@author}
-% No footnote marks after the author:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\@author#1{%
- \ifx\@empty\authors
- \gdef\authors{#1}%
- \else
- \g@addto@macro\authors{\and#1}%
- \fi
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize%
- \def\baselinestretch{1}%
- \upshape\authorsep#1}
- \ifAFP@corrauthor
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\textsuperscript{$\ast$}}\fi
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
- \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
- \global\let\@fnmark\@empty
- \global\let\sep\@empty}%
- \@eadauthor={#1}
-}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\@address}
-% \changes{v1.0}{2014/08/18}{Added macro}
-% We redefine |elsarticle| macro to change the vertical spacing
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
- \def\baselinestretch{1}\def\addsep{\par\vskip4pt}%
- \addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1%
- \def\authorsep{\par\vskip16pt}}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-% The next lines are from |resphilosophica| class
-% \begin{macro}{\paperUrl}
-% The url to submit to crossref
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\paperUrl#1{\gdef\@paperUrl{#1}}
-\paperUrl{}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\@mainrpi}
-% The stream for the rpi file:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\newwrite\@mainrpi
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\RESP@write@paper@info}
-% This writes the information about the paper into the file
-% |jobname.rpi|. Note that hyperref makes our life a little bit
-% more complex
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\RESP@write@paper@info{%
- \bgroup
- \if@filesw
- \openout\@mainrpi\jobname.rpi%
- \write\@mainrpi{\relax}%
- \ifx\r@LastPage\@undefined
- \edef\@tempa{\start@page}%
- \else
- \def\@tempb##1##2##3##4##5{##2}%
- \edef\@tempa{\expandafter\@tempb\r@LastPage}%
- \fi
- \def\and{\string\and\space}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\string\articleentry{\authors}{\@title}{\start@page}{\@tempa}}%
-% \end{macrocode}
-% The next lines are for crossref software
-% \begin{macrocode}
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar authors=\authors}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar title=\@title}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar year=\currentyear}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar volume=\currentvolume}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar issue=\currentissue}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar paper=\currentpaper}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar startpage=\start@page}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar endpage=\@tempa}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar doi=\@doinumber}%
- \ifx\@paperUrl\@empty\else
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar paperUrl=\@paperUrl}%
- \fi
- \closeout\@mainrpi
- \fi
-\egroup}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\maketitle}
-% \changes{v1.0}{2014/08/18}{Moved the text down}
-% Our macro is simpler than that of |elsarticle|, since we have
-% fewer options.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\maketitle{%
- \null\bigskip\par
- \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
- \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
- \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
- \printFirstPageNotes
- \box0%
- \else
- \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
- \fi
- \RESP@write@paper@info
- \author@andify\authors
- \xdef\authors{\authors}%
- \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
- \thispagestyle{firstpagestyle}%
-}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\volumenumber}
-% This sets the volume of the paper
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\volumenumber#1{\gdef\currentvolume{#1}}
-\volumenumber{}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\issuenumber}
-% This sets the issue of the paper:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\issuenumber#1{\gdef\currentissue{#1}}
-\issuenumber{}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\publicationyear}
-% This sets the year of the paper
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\publicationyear#1{\gdef\currentyear{#1}}
-\publicationyear{}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\publicationmonth}
-% This sets the month of the paper
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\newcommand\publicationmonth[2][]{\gdef\currentmonth{#2}%
- \gdef\abbrevcurrentmonth{#1}%
- \ifx\abbrevcurrentmonth\@empty\gdef\abbrevcurrentmonth{#2}\fi}
-\publicationmonth{}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\papernumber}
-% This is absent from the |\issueinfo|.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\papernumber#1{\gdef\currentpaper{#1}}
-\papernumber{0000}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\doinumber}
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\doinumber#1{\gdef\@doinumber{#1}}
-\doinumber{123.4567/archivesforensicpsychology.\currentyear.\currentvolume.\currentissue.\currentpaper}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\startpage}
-% This defines the starting page of the paper. We have some nice
-% features to set up roman page numbers for editorial
-% stuff---probably not needed for this journal at this time\dots
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\startpage#1{\pagenumbering{arabic}\setcounter{page}{#1}%
- \gdef\start@page{#1}%
- \ifnum\c@page<\z@ \pagenumbering{roman}\setcounter{page}{-#1}%
- \gdef\start@page{\romannumeral#1}%
- \fi}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\endpage}
-% This macro again has a twist in it: if the argument is not set, it
-% calculates the last page number itself.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\endpage#1{\def\@tempa{#1}%
- \ifx\@tempa\@empty\def\end@page{\pageref{LastPage}}%
- \else\def\end@page{#1}\fi}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\pagespan}
-% This macro is different from the one provided by |amsart|
-% because we want to have the option of automatic calculation of the
-% last page number.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\pagespan#1#2{\startpage{#1}\endpage{#2}}
-\pagespan{1}{}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\articleentry}
-% This is necessary for |\prevpaper| command. We read the TOC entry
-% from the previous paper and increment it by 1. Note that we
-% always start with on an odd page, since the additional check
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\articleentry#1#2#3#4{\@tempcnta=#4\relax
- \advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax
- \ifodd\the\@tempcnta\else\advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax\fi
- \startpage{\the\@tempcnta}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\prevpaper}
-% This sets the previous paper location and reads the information
-% from the previous paper
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\prevpaper#1{\IfFileExists{#1.rpi}{%
- \ClassInfo{afparticle}{%
- Reading first page number from the file #1.rpi}%
- \input{#1.rpi}%
- }{\ClassWarning{afparticle}{Cannot find the file #1.rpi.
- Did you run latex on the previous paper?}}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Back Matter}
-%\label{sec:back}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\AFP@backmatter}
-% The technical information about the paper.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\AFP@backmatter{}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\received}
-% Date of receiving
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\received#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Received: #1\\}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\revised}
-% Date of receiving a revision
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\revised#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Revision Received: #1\\}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{\accepted}
-% Date of acceptance
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\accepted#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Accepted: #1\\}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macrocode}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\printbackmatter}
-% Print the back matter
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\printbackmatter{\ifx\AFP@backmatter\@empty\else\medskip
- \begin{flushright}%
- \AFP@backmatter
- \end{flushright}%
-\fi}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%\subsection{Page styles}
-%\label{sec:styles}
-%
-% In |preprint| mode |elsarticle| uses one side style. We want to
-% override this:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\AtBeginDocument{\@twosidetrue}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\footskip}
-% We want generous \cs{footskip}
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\setlength\footskip{40\p@}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\headrulewidth}
-% \begin{macro}{\footrulewidth}
-% We do not want decorative rules in the journal:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
-\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-% \end{macro}
-% \begin{macro}{standardpagestyle}
-% The page style for all pages but the first one
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\fancypagestyle{standardpagestyle}{%
- \fancyhead{}%
- \fancyfoot{}%
- \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}%
- \fancyhead[CE]{\scshape\MakeLowercase{\shortauthors}}%
- \fancyhead[CO]{\scshape\MakeLowercase{\shorttitle}}%
-}
-\pagestyle{standardpagestyle}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{firstpagestyle}
-% \changes{v1.2}{2014/10/22}{Corrected masthead}
-% \changes{v1.3}{2014/12/23}{Corrected another typo in masthead}
-% The page style for the first page
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\fancypagestyle{firstpagestyle}{%
- \fancyhead{}%
- \fancyfoot{}%
- \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}%
- \fancyhead[L]{\small Archives of Forensic Psychology\\
- \currentyear, Vol.~\currentvolume, No.~\currentissue,
- \thepage--\end@page}%
- \fancyhead[R]{\small\textcopyright~\currentyear\ Global Institute of
- Forensic Psychology\\ISSN~2334-2749}%
-}
-% \end{macrocode}
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Paragraphing}
-%\label{sec:paras}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\parindent}
-% We want generous indents
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\setlength\parindent{2em}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Sectioning}
-%\label{sec:sectioning}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{secnumdepth}
-% We do not number sections
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\section}
-% We center our sections:
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
- {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
- {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
- {\centering\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\subsection}
-% Our subsections look like sections, but flushed left
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@}%
- {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
- {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
- {\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\subsubsection}
-% Our subsubsections are italicized and written on the same line as
-% the text. Also, they end with dots.
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{0\z@}%
- {0\z@}%
- {-6\p@}%
- {\normalfont\hspace*{\parindent}\itshape\@addfinaldot}}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-% \begin{macro}{\@addfinaldot}
-% Add a dot after a text
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\def\@addfinaldot#1{#1.}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% \end{macro}
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Floats}
-%\label{sec:floats}
-% \changes{v1.0}{2014/08/18}{Centered captions}
-% Setting up table captions
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\DeclareCaptionLabelSeparator{periodNewline}{.\\}
-\captionsetup[table]{position=top, format=plain,
- labelsep=periodNewline, justification=centering,
- singlelinecheck=off, font=normalsize, textfont=it}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-% Setting up figure captions
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\captionsetup[figure]{position=bottom, format=plain,
- labelsep=period, justification=centering,
- singlelinecheck=off, font=normalsize, labelfont=it}
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-%
-%\subsection{Final Words}
-%\label{sec:finis}
-%
-% \changes{v1.1}{2014/10/20}{Added changes requested by the editor and
-% implemented by David Latchman,
-% david.latchman@texnical-designs.com: no hyphenation throughout the
-% entire manuscript}
-%
-% \begin{macrocode}
-\tolerance=1
-\emergencystretch=\maxdimen
-\hyphenpenalty=10000
-\hbadness=10000
-\normalsize\normalfont
-%</class>
-% \end{macrocode}
-%
-%\Finale
-%\clearpage
-%
-%\PrintChanges
-%\clearpage
-%\PrintIndex
-%
-\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.ins b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.ins
deleted file mode 100644
index 3badd737973..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/afparticle/afparticle.ins
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-%
-% Docstrip file for afparticle
-% This file is in public domain
-% $Id: afparticle.ins,v 1.1 2014-07-16 22:18:28 boris Exp $
-%
-\def\batchfile{afparticle.ins}
-\input docstrip
-\keepsilent
-\showprogress
-
-
-\askforoverwritefalse
-
-\generate{%
- \file{afparticle.cls}{\from{afparticle.dtx}{class}}}
-
-\obeyspaces
-\Msg{*****************************************************}%
-\Msg{* Congratulations! You successfully generated the *}%
-\Msg{* afparticle package. *}%
-\Msg{* *}%
-\Msg{* Please move afparticle.cls to the place for LaTeX *}%
-\Msg{* files in your system. The manual is in the file *}%
-\Msg{* afparticle.pdf. *}%
-\Msg{* *}%
-\Msg{* The package is released under LPPL *}%
-\Msg{* *}%
-\Msg{* Happy TeXing! *}%
-\Msg{*****************************************************}% \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/latex/afparticle/afparticle.cls b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/latex/afparticle/afparticle.cls
deleted file mode 100644
index 37b2b4d04e0..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/latex/afparticle/afparticle.cls
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,297 +0,0 @@
-%%
-%% This is file `afparticle.cls',
-%% generated with the docstrip utility.
-%%
-%% The original source files were:
-%%
-%% afparticle.dtx (with options: `class')
-%%
-%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
-%%
-%% For the copyright see the source file.
-%%
-%% Any modified versions of this file must be renamed
-%% with new filenames distinct from afparticle.cls.
-%%
-%% For distribution of the original source see the terms
-%% for copying and modification in the file afparticle.dtx.
-%%
-%% This generated file may be distributed as long as the
-%% original source files, as listed above, are part of the
-%% same distribution. (The sources need not necessarily be
-%% in the same archive or directory.)
-\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
-\ProvidesClass{afparticle}
-[2014/12/23 v1.3 Typesetting articles for Archives of Forensic Psychology]
-\def\AFP@DisableMacro#1{\ClassError{afparticle}{The macro
- \expandafter\protect\csname#1\endcsname\space
- is disabled}{The command
- \expandafter\protect\csname#1\endcsname\space
- is introduced in the
- elsarticle class.\MessageBreak It is disabled in afpartcile
- class}}
-\let\@xp=\expandafter
-\let\@nx=\noexpand
-\long\def\@ifempty#1{\@xifempty#1@@..\@nil}
-\long\def\@xifempty#1#2@#3#4#5\@nil{%
- \ifx#3#4\@xp\@firstoftwo\else\@xp\@secondoftwo\fi}
-\long\def\@ifnotempty#1{\@ifempty{#1}{}}
-\newtoks\@emptytoks
-\def\@andlista#1#2\and#3\and{\@andlistc{#2}\@ifnotempty{#3}{%
- \@andlistb#1{#3}}}
-\def\@andlistb#1#2#3#4#5\and{%
- \@ifempty{#5}{%
- \@andlistc{#2#4}%
- }{%
- \@andlistc{#1#4}\@andlistb{#1}{#3}{#3}{#5}%
- }}
-\let\@andlistc\@iden
-\newcommand{\nxandlist}[4]{%
- \def\@andlistc##1{\toks@\@xp{\the\toks@##1}}%
- \toks@{\toks@\@emptytoks \@andlista{{#1}{#2}{#3}}}%
- \the\@xp\toks@#4\and\and
- \edef#4{\the\toks@}%
- \let\@andlistc\@iden}
-\def\@@and{and}
-\def\author@andify{%
- \nxandlist {\unskip ,\penalty-1 \space\ignorespaces}%
- {\unskip {} \@@and~}%
- {\unskip ,\penalty-2 \space\@@and~}%
-}
-\RequirePackage{xkeyval}
-\def\AFP@OptionWarning#1{\ClassWarning{afparticle}{The option #1 is
- not used for afparticle. I will silently ignore it}}
-\DeclareOptionX{3p}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
-\DeclareOptionX{5p}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
-\DeclareOptionX{authoryear}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
-\DeclareOptionX{number}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
-\DeclareOptionX{sort&compress}{\AFP@OptionWarning{\CurrentOption}}%
-\DeclareOptionX*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{elsarticle}}
-\ProcessOptionsX
-\@namedef{ver@natbib.sty}{}
-\@namedef{opt@natbib.sty}{round,authoryear}
-\newlength\bibsep
-\LoadClass[1p,authoryear,round]{elsarticle}
-\RequirePackage{lastpage,fancyhdr}
-\RequirePackage{caption}
-\RequirePackage{booktabs}
-\RequirePackage{graphicx}
-\RequirePackage[hyperfootnotes=false,colorlinks,allcolors=blue]{hyperref}
-\expandafter\let\csname ver@natbib.sty\endcsname=\@undefined
-\let\bibsep=\@undefined
-\RequirePackage[natbibapa]{apacite}
-\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup
- \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
- \noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}
- {\egroup}
-\def\tnoteref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{tnoteref}}
-\def\corref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{corref}}
-\def\fnref#1{\AFP@DisableMacro{fnref}}
-\renewcommand*{\title}[2][]{\gdef\shorttitle{#1}\gdef\@title{#2}}
-\edef\title{\@nx\@dblarg
- \@xp\@nx\csname\string\title\endcsname}
-\newif\ifAFP@corrauthor
-\def\authors{}
-\def\shortauthors{\authors}
-\def\author{%
- \@ifstar{\AFP@corrauthortrue\AFP@author}{\AFP@corrauthorfalse\AFP@author}}
-\def\AFP@author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}}
-\def\@@author[#1]#2{%
- \ifx\@empty\authors
- \gdef\authors{#2}%
- \else
- \g@addto@macro\authors{\and#2}%
- \fi
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
- \normalsize\upshape
- \def\baselinestretch{1}%
- \authorsep#2\unskip}%
- \ifAFP@corrauthor
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\textsuperscript{$\ast$,}}\fi
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
- \textsuperscript{%#1%
- \@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{%
- \edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@affmark}}}%
- \unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}%
- \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi
- \ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi
- }%
- \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
- \global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty
- \global\let\@fnmark\@empty}%
- \@eadauthor={#2}
-}
-\def\@author#1{%
- \ifx\@empty\authors
- \gdef\authors{#1}%
- \else
- \g@addto@macro\authors{\and#1}%
- \fi
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize%
- \def\baselinestretch{1}%
- \upshape\authorsep#1}
- \ifAFP@corrauthor
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\textsuperscript{$\ast$}}\fi
- \g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
- \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
- \global\let\@fnmark\@empty
- \global\let\sep\@empty}%
- \@eadauthor={#1}
-}
-\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
- \def\baselinestretch{1}\def\addsep{\par\vskip4pt}%
- \addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1%
- \def\authorsep{\par\vskip16pt}}}
-\def\paperUrl#1{\gdef\@paperUrl{#1}}
-\paperUrl{}
-\newwrite\@mainrpi
-\def\RESP@write@paper@info{%
- \bgroup
- \if@filesw
- \openout\@mainrpi\jobname.rpi%
- \write\@mainrpi{\relax}%
- \ifx\r@LastPage\@undefined
- \edef\@tempa{\start@page}%
- \else
- \def\@tempb##1##2##3##4##5{##2}%
- \edef\@tempa{\expandafter\@tempb\r@LastPage}%
- \fi
- \def\and{\string\and\space}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\string\articleentry{\authors}{\@title}{\start@page}{\@tempa}}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar authors=\authors}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar title=\@title}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar year=\currentyear}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar volume=\currentvolume}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar issue=\currentissue}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar paper=\currentpaper}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar startpage=\start@page}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar endpage=\@tempa}%
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar doi=\@doinumber}%
- \ifx\@paperUrl\@empty\else
- \protected@write\@mainrpi{}%
- {\@percentchar paperUrl=\@paperUrl}%
- \fi
- \closeout\@mainrpi
- \fi
-\egroup}
-\def\maketitle{%
- \null\bigskip\par
- \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
- \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
- \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
- \printFirstPageNotes
- \box0%
- \else
- \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
- \fi
- \RESP@write@paper@info
- \author@andify\authors
- \xdef\authors{\authors}%
- \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
- \thispagestyle{firstpagestyle}%
-}
-\def\volumenumber#1{\gdef\currentvolume{#1}}
-\volumenumber{}
-\def\issuenumber#1{\gdef\currentissue{#1}}
-\issuenumber{}
-\def\publicationyear#1{\gdef\currentyear{#1}}
-\publicationyear{}
-\newcommand\publicationmonth[2][]{\gdef\currentmonth{#2}%
- \gdef\abbrevcurrentmonth{#1}%
- \ifx\abbrevcurrentmonth\@empty\gdef\abbrevcurrentmonth{#2}\fi}
-\publicationmonth{}
-\def\papernumber#1{\gdef\currentpaper{#1}}
-\papernumber{0000}
-\def\doinumber#1{\gdef\@doinumber{#1}}
-\doinumber{123.4567/archivesforensicpsychology.\currentyear.\currentvolume.\currentissue.\currentpaper}
-\def\startpage#1{\pagenumbering{arabic}\setcounter{page}{#1}%
- \gdef\start@page{#1}%
- \ifnum\c@page<\z@ \pagenumbering{roman}\setcounter{page}{-#1}%
- \gdef\start@page{\romannumeral#1}%
- \fi}
-\def\endpage#1{\def\@tempa{#1}%
- \ifx\@tempa\@empty\def\end@page{\pageref{LastPage}}%
- \else\def\end@page{#1}\fi}
-\def\pagespan#1#2{\startpage{#1}\endpage{#2}}
-\pagespan{1}{}
-\def\articleentry#1#2#3#4{\@tempcnta=#4\relax
- \advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax
- \ifodd\the\@tempcnta\else\advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax\fi
- \startpage{\the\@tempcnta}}
-\def\prevpaper#1{\IfFileExists{#1.rpi}{%
- \ClassInfo{afparticle}{%
- Reading first page number from the file #1.rpi}%
- \input{#1.rpi}%
- }{\ClassWarning{afparticle}{Cannot find the file #1.rpi.
- Did you run latex on the previous paper?}}}
-\def\AFP@backmatter{}
-\def\received#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Received: #1\\}}
-\def\revised#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Revision Received: #1\\}}
-\def\accepted#1{\g@addto@macro\AFP@backmatter{Accepted: #1\\}}
-\def\printbackmatter{\ifx\AFP@backmatter\@empty\else\medskip
- \begin{flushright}%
- \AFP@backmatter
- \end{flushright}%
-\fi}
-\AtBeginDocument{\@twosidetrue}
-\setlength\footskip{40\p@}
-\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
-\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
-\fancypagestyle{standardpagestyle}{%
- \fancyhead{}%
- \fancyfoot{}%
- \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}%
- \fancyhead[CE]{\scshape\MakeLowercase{\shortauthors}}%
- \fancyhead[CO]{\scshape\MakeLowercase{\shorttitle}}%
-}
-\pagestyle{standardpagestyle}
-\fancypagestyle{firstpagestyle}{%
- \fancyhead{}%
- \fancyfoot{}%
- \fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}%
- \fancyhead[L]{\small Archives of Forensic Psychology\\
- \currentyear, Vol.~\currentvolume, No.~\currentissue,
- \thepage--\end@page}%
- \fancyhead[R]{\small\textcopyright~\currentyear\ Global Institute of
- Forensic Psychology\\ISSN~2334-2749}%
-}
-\setlength\parindent{2em}
-\setcounter{secnumdepth}{-1}
-\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
- {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
- {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
- {\centering\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
-\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@}%
- {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
- {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
- {\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
-\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{0\z@}%
- {0\z@}%
- {-6\p@}%
- {\normalfont\hspace*{\parindent}\itshape\@addfinaldot}}
-\def\@addfinaldot#1{#1.}
-\DeclareCaptionLabelSeparator{periodNewline}{.\\}
-\captionsetup[table]{position=top, format=plain,
- labelsep=periodNewline, justification=centering,
- singlelinecheck=off, font=normalsize, textfont=it}
-\captionsetup[figure]{position=bottom, format=plain,
- labelsep=period, justification=centering,
- singlelinecheck=off, font=normalsize, labelfont=it}
-\tolerance=1
-\emergencystretch=\maxdimen
-\hyphenpenalty=10000
-\hbadness=10000
-\normalsize\normalfont
-\endinput
-%%
-%% End of file `afparticle.cls'.
diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/bin/tlpkg-ctan-check b/Master/tlpkg/bin/tlpkg-ctan-check
index 4dce55a3468..8c921ee3d38 100755
--- a/Master/tlpkg/bin/tlpkg-ctan-check
+++ b/Master/tlpkg/bin/tlpkg-ctan-check
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ my @TLP_working = qw(
adfathesis adforn adhocfilelist adigraph
adjmulticol adfsymbols adjustbox adobemapping
adrconv adtrees advdate advice
- ae aeguill aesupp affilauthor afparticle afthesis
+ ae aeguill aesupp affilauthor afthesis
aguplus aiaa aichej aiplans ajl akktex akletter akshar
albatross alchemist alegreya alertmessage alfaslabone
alg algobox algolrevived
diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/libexec/ctan2tds b/Master/tlpkg/libexec/ctan2tds
index 7235bac84a0..bfb022e023a 100755
--- a/Master/tlpkg/libexec/ctan2tds
+++ b/Master/tlpkg/libexec/ctan2tds
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ chomp (my $ctan_root = `tlpkginfo --ctan-root`);
'aeb_tilebg', "die 'skipping, per author (dps) request'",
'aecc', "die 'skipping, obsolete on CTAN'",
'aesupp', "&MAKEflatten",
+ 'afparticle', "die 'skipping, obsolete on CTAN'",
'akktex', "&MAKEflatten",
'alatex', "die 'skipping, 1995 LaTeX generalization'",
'alfaslabone', "&MAKEflatten",
diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/afparticle.tlpsrc b/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/afparticle.tlpsrc
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb2d..00000000000
--- a/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/afparticle.tlpsrc
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/collection-publishers.tlpsrc b/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/collection-publishers.tlpsrc
index 745ba19d81c..7153d5a80a1 100644
--- a/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/collection-publishers.tlpsrc
+++ b/Master/tlpkg/tlpsrc/collection-publishers.tlpsrc
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ depend acmart
depend acmconf
depend active-conf
depend adfathesis
-depend afparticle
depend afthesis
depend aguplus
depend aiaa