doc/english/F-ca

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@19 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
author: Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> 2005-12-29 00:31:48 +0000
committer: Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> 2005-12-29 00:31:48 +0000
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+<head>
+<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label mathstext</title>
+</head><body>
+<h3>Text inside maths</h3>
+<p>When we type maths in (La)TeX, the letters from which we make up
+ordinary text assume a special significance: they all become
+single-letter variable names.  The letters appear in italics, but it's
+not the same sort of italics that you see when you're typing ordinary
+text: a run of maths letters (for example "here") looks oddly
+"lumpy" when compared with the word written in italic text.  The
+difference is that the italic text is kerned to make the letters fit
+well together, whereas the maths is set to look as if you're
+multiplying <em>h</em> by <em>e</em> by <em>r</em> by <em>e</em>.  The other
+way things are odd in TeX maths typing is that spaces are ignored:
+at best we can write single words in this oddly lumpy font.
+<p>So, if we're going to have good-looking text in amongst maths we're
+writing, we have to take special precautions.  If you're using
+LaTeX, the following should help.
+<p>The simplest is to use <code>\</code><code>mbox</code> or <code>\</code><code>textrm</code>:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+$e = mc^2 \mbox{here we go again}$
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+The problem is that, with either, the size of the text remains firmly
+at the surrounding text size, so that
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+$z = a_{\mbox{other end}}$
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+looks quite painfully wrong.
+<p>The other simple technique, <code>\</code><code>textrm</code>, is more promising:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+$z = a_{\textrm{other end}}$
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+is definitely right.  However, the surrounding text may not be in your
+roman font; if you care about matching text, you need to choose
+between <code>\</code><code>textrm</code>, <code>\</code><code>textsf</code>, and so on.
+<p>(The maths-mode instance of your roman font (<code>\</code><code>mathrm</code>) gets the
+size right, but since it's intended for use in maths, its spaces get
+ignored - use <code>\</code><code>mathrm</code> for upright roman alphabetic variable
+names, but not otherwise.)
+<p>You can correct these problems with size selectors in the text, as:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+$z = a_{\mbox{\scriptsize other end}}$
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+which works if your surrounding text is at default document size, but
+gives you the wrong size otherwise.
+<p>These short cuts are (just about) OK for the "occasional"
+mathematician, but serious mathematics calls for a technique that
+relieves the typist of the sort of thought required.  As usual, the
+AMSLaTeX system provides what's necessary - the <code>\</code><code>text</code>
+command.  The command is actually provided by the <i>amstext</i>
+package, but the "global" <i>amsmath</i> package loads it, so
+anyone using AMSLaTeX proper has the command available, so even
+joke mathematicians can write:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+...
+$z = a_{\text{other end}}$
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+and the text will be at the right size, and in the same font as
+surrounding text.
+<p>AMSLaTeX also makes provision for interpolated comments in the
+middle of one of its multi-line display structures, through the
+<code>\</code><code>intertext</code> command.  For example:
+<blockquote>
+
+<pre>
+\begin{align}
+  A_1&=N_0(\lambda;\Omega')-\phi(\lambda;\Omega'),\\
+  A_2&=\phi(\lambda;\Omega')-\phi(\lambda;\Omega),\\
+  \intertext{and} A_3&=\mathcal{N}(\lambda;\omega).
+\end{align}
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+places the text "and" on a separate line before the last line of the
+display.  If the interjected text is short, or the equations
+themselves are light-weight, you may find that <code>\</code><code>intertext</code> leaves
+too much space.  Slightly more modest is the <code>\</code><code>shortintertext</code>
+command from the <i>mathtools</i> package:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+\begin{align}
+  a =& b
+  \shortintertext{or}
+  c =& b
+\end{align}
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+To have the text on the same line as the second equation, one can use
+the the <code>flalign</code> environment (from <i>amsmath</i>)
+with lots of dummy equations (represented by the double <code>&amp;</code>
+signs):
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+\begin{flalign}
+            && a =& b && \\
+  \text{or} && c =& b &&
+\end{flalign}
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+<p>Comprehensive documentation of AMSLaTeX is to be found in
+<i>amsldoc</i>, in the distribution; it is also available on the web
+at <a href="ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf">ftp://ftp.ams.org/pub/tex/doc/amsmath/amsldoc.pdf</a>
+<dl>
+<dt><tt><i>amsldoc.tex</i></tt><dd>Distributed as part of AMSLaTeX
+  <a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex.zip">macros/latex/required/amslatex</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex/">browse</a>)
+<dt><tt><i>amsmath.sty</i></tt><dd>Distributed as part of AMSLaTeX
+  <a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex.zip">macros/latex/required/amslatex</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex/">browse</a>)
+<dt><tt><i>amstext.sty</i></tt><dd>Distributed as part of AMSLaTeX
+  <a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex.zip">macros/latex/required/amslatex</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex/">browse</a>)
+<dt><tt><i>mathtools.sty</i></tt><dd>Distributed as part of the <i>mh</i> bundle
+  <a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mh.zip">macros/latex/contrib/mh</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mh.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/mh/">browse</a>)
+</dl>
+<p><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=mathstext">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=mathstext</a>
+</body>
author	Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>	2005-12-29 00:31:48 +0000
committer	Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>	2005-12-29 00:31:48 +0000
commit	a9d59a2d83b345581f2eb0c6b7f08c091f5622f0 (patch)
tree	00fba7fbf3f00c16be8699398c6e4c2a256c68ac /Master/texmf-doc/doc/english/FAQ-en/html/FAQ-mathstext.html
parent	89caab08d62b22519b44acf582a5fc3d302cbd60 (diff)