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authorNorbert Preining <preining@logic.at>2008-09-27 11:24:41 +0000
committerNorbert Preining <preining@logic.at>2008-09-27 11:24:41 +0000
commit5d3a1476294a9dba906948950a7f0db1f32a24c0 (patch)
tree6804675b3ed490b1120e888de79c9fa63ef74dc8 /Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/elsarticle/elsarticle.dtx
parent4fd3bbead92f1936110c05950d40436536c6494a (diff)
update elsarticle from ctan, include the doc since source is now provided,
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@10740 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
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+% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 by Elsevier Ltd.
+% ----------------------------------------
+%
+% This file may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.2
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in:
+%
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%
+% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 1999/12/01 or later.
+%
+% \fi
+% \CheckSum{1854}
+%
+% \iffalse
+%<*driver>
+\documentclass{ltxdoc}
+\EnableCrossrefs
+\CodelineIndex
+\RecordChanges
+\usepackage{comment}
+\begin{document}
+ \DocInput{elsarticle.dtx}
+ \PrintChanges
+ \PrintIndex
+\end{document}
+%</driver>
+% \fi
+%
+% \CharacterTable
+% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+%
+%
+% \changes{v1.1}{2008/09/25}{Initial version}
+%
+% \GetFileInfo{elsarticle.dtx}
+%
+% \DoNotIndex{\newcommand,\newenvironment}
+%
+%
+% \title{The \textsf{elsarticle.cls} -- Implimentation}
+% \author{Elsevier Ltd.}
+%
+% \maketitle
+%
+% \StopEventually{}
+%
+% \section{Implementation}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*class>
+%% $Id: elsarticle.cls,v 1.18 2008-08-28 06:03:47 cvr Exp $
+%%
+ \def\RCSfile{elsarticle}%
+ \def\RCSversion{1.0.1}%
+ \def\RCSdate{2008/05/22}%
+ \def\@shortjnl{\relax}
+ \def\@journal{Elsevier Science} \def\@company{Elsevier Science}
+ \def\@issn{000-0000}
+ \def\@shortjid{elsarticle}
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{\@shortjid}[\RCSdate, \RCSversion: \@journal]
+%
+%
+\def\ABD{\AtBeginDocument}
+\newif\ifpreprint \preprintfalse
+\newif\iflongmktitle \longmktitlefalse
+
+\def\@blstr{1}
+\newdimen\@bls
+\@bls=\baselineskip
+
+\def\@finalWarning{%
+ *****************************************************\MessageBreak
+ This document is typeset in the CRC style which\MessageBreak
+ is not suitable for submission.\MessageBreak
+ \MessageBreak
+ Please typeset again using 'preprint' option\MessageBreak
+ for creating PDF suitable for submission.\MessageBreak
+ ******************************************************\MessageBreak
+}
+
+
+\DeclareOption{preprint}{\global\preprinttrue
+ \gdef\@blstr{1}\xdef\jtype{0}%
+ \AtBeginDocument{\@twosidefalse\@mparswitchfalse}}
+\DeclareOption{final}{\gdef\@blstr{1}\global\preprintfalse}
+\DeclareOption{review}{\global\preprinttrue\gdef\@blstr{1.5}}
+\DeclareOption{authoryear}{\xdef\@biboptions{authoryear}}
+\DeclareOption{number}{\xdef\@biboptions{square,numbers}}
+\DeclareOption{numbers}{\xdef\@biboptions{square,numbers}}
+\DeclareOption{longtitle}{\global\longmktitletrue}
+\DeclareOption{5p}{\xdef\jtype{5}\global\preprintfalse
+ \ExecuteOptions{twocolumn}}
+ \def\jtype{0}
+\DeclareOption{3p}{\xdef\jtype{3}\global\preprintfalse}
+\DeclareOption{1p}{\xdef\jtype{1}\global\preprintfalse
+ \AtBeginDocument{\@twocolumnfalse}}
+\DeclareOption{times}{\IfFileExists{txfonts.sty}%
+ {\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage{txfonts}%
+ \gdef\ttdefault{cmtt}%
+ \let\iint\relax
+ \let\iiint\relax
+ \let\iiiint\relax
+ \let\idotsint\relax
+ \let\openbox\relax}}{\RequirePackage{times}}}
+\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,number,preprint}
+\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
+\ProcessOptions
+\LoadClass{article}
+\RequirePackage{graphicx}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \section{Preamble}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\comma\@empty
+\let\tnotesep\@empty
+\def\title#1{\gdef\@title{#1}}
+\let\@title\@empty
+
+\def\elsLabel#1{\@bsphack\protected@write\@auxout{}%
+ {\string\Newlabel{#1}{\@currentlabel}}\@esphack}
+\def\Newlabel#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname X@#1\endcsname{#2}}
+
+\def\Ref#1{\@ifundefined{X@#1}{0}{\csname X@#1\endcsname}%
+% \alarm{REF [#1]: \csname X@#1\endcsname}%
+}
+
+\def\tnotemark[#1]{\textsuperscript{\@for\@@tmark:=#1\do{%
+ \edef\tnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@tmark}{1}{\Ref{\@@tmark}}}%
+ \ifcase\tnotenum\or\ding{73}\or,\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}}%
+}
+\let\@tnotemark\@empty
+
+\let\@tnotes\@empty
+\RequirePackage{pifont}
+\newcounter{tnote}
+\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{%
+ \refstepcounter{tnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
+ \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or\ding{73}\or\ding{73}\ding{73}\fi}%
+ \footnotetext{#2}}}
+
+\newcounter{fnote}
+\def\fnmark[#1]{\let\comma\@empty
+ \def\@fnmark{\@for\@@fnmark:=#1\do{%
+ \edef\fnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@fnmark}{1}{\Ref{\@@fnmark}}}%
+ \unskip\comma\fnotenum\let\comma,}}%
+}
+
+\let\@fnotes\@empty\let\@fnmark\@empty
+\def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{%
+ \refstepcounter{fnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
+ \def\thefootnote{\thefnote}%
+ \global\setcounter{footnote}{\thefnote}%
+ \footnotetext{#2}}}
+
+\def\cormark[#1]{\edef\cnotenum{\Ref{#1}}\unskip%
+ \textsuperscript{\sep\ifcase\cnotenum\or
+ $\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hspace{-1pt}}\let\sep=,}
+
+\let\@cormark\@empty
+\let\@cornotes\@empty
+\newcounter{cnote}
+\def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{%
+ \refstepcounter{cnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
+ \def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or
+ $\ast\ast$\fi}%
+ \footnotetext{#2}}}
+
+\def\corref#1{\cormark[#1]}
+\def\fnref#1{\fnmark[#1]}
+\def\tnoteref#1{\tnotemark[#1]}
+
+\def\resetTitleCounters{\c@cnote=0
+ \c@fnote=0 \c@tnote=0 \c@footnote=0}
+
+\let\eadsep\@empty
+\let\@elseads\@empty
+\let\@elsuads\@empty
+\let\@cormark\@empty
+\def\ead{\@ifnextchar[{\@uad}{\@ead}}
+\gdef\@ead#1{\bgroup\def\_{\string\_}\def\{{\string\{}%
+ \def\}{\string\}}%
+ \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\emailauthor
+ {#1}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%
+ \egroup
+}
+\newcounter{ead}
+\gdef\emailauthor#1#2{\stepcounter{ead}%
+ \g@addto@macro\@elseads{\raggedright%
+ \let\corref\@gobble
+ \eadsep\texttt{#1} (#2)\def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%
+}
+\gdef\@uad[#1]#2{\bgroup
+ \edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}
+ \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\urlauthor
+ {#2}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%
+ \egroup
+}
+\def\urlauthor#1#2{\g@addto@macro\@elsuads{\let\corref\@gobble%
+ \raggedright\eadsep\texttt{#1}\space(#2)%
+ \def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%
+}
+
+\def\elsauthors{}
+\def\pprinttitle{}
+\let\authorsep\@empty
+\let\sep\@empty
+\newcounter{author}
+\def\author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}}
+
+\newtoks\@eadauthor
+\def\@@author[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \authorsep#2\unskip\textsuperscript{%#1%
+ \@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{%
+ \edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\Ref{\@@affmark}}}%
+ \unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}%
+ \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi}%
+ \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
+ \global\let\sep\@empty
+ \global\let\@fnmark\@empty}%
+ \@eadauthor={#2}
+}
+
+\def\@author#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \upshape\authorsep#1\unskip\textsuperscript{%
+ \ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi}%
+ \def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
+ \global\let\@fnmark\@empty
+ \global\let\sep\@empty}%
+ \@eadauthor={#1}
+}
+
+\def\elsaddress{}
+\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}
+\def\address{\@ifnextchar[{\@@address}{\@address}}
+
+\newcounter{affn}
+\renewcommand\theaffn{\alph{affn}}
+
+\long\def\@@address[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsaddress{%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \refstepcounter{affn}\elsLabel{#1}%
+ \textsuperscript{\theaffn}#2\par}}
+
+\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}%
+ \def\authorsep{\par\vskip8pt}}}
+
+\newbox\absbox
+\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup
+ \hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \noindent\unskip\textbf{Abstract}
+ \par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}
+ {\egroup}
+
+\newbox\keybox
+\def\keyword{%
+ \def\sep{\unskip, }%
+ \def\MSC{\@ifnextchar[{\@MSC}{\@MSC[2000]}}
+ \def\@MSC[##1]{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it ##1~MSC:\space}}%
+ \def\PACS{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it PACS:\space}}%
+ \def\JEL{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it JEL:\space}}%
+ \global\setbox\keybox=\vbox\bgroup\hsize=\textwidth
+ \normalsize\normalfont\def\baselinestretch{1}
+ \parskip\z@
+ \noindent\textit{Key words: }
+ \raggedright % Keywords are not justified.
+ \ignorespaces}
+\def\endkeyword{\par \egroup}
+
+\newdimen\Columnwidth
+\Columnwidth=\columnwidth
+
+\def\printFirstPageNotes{%
+ \iflongmktitle
+ \let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi
+ \ifx\@tnotes\@empty\else\@tnotes\fi
+ \ifx\@cornotes\@empty\else\@cornotes\fi
+ \ifx\@elseads\@empty\relax\else
+ \let\thefootnote\relax
+ \footnotetext{\ifnum\theead=1\relax
+ \textit{Email address:\space}\else
+ \textit{Email addresses:\space}\fi
+ \@elseads}\fi
+ \ifx\@elsuads\@empty\relax\else
+ \let\thefootnote\relax
+ \footnotetext{\textit{URL:\space}%
+ \@elsuads}\fi
+ \ifx\@fnotes\@empty\else\@fnotes\fi
+ \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn
+ \let\columnwidth=\Columnwidth\fi\fi
+}
+
+\long\def\pprintMaketitle{\clearpage
+ \iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn\let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi\fi
+ \resetTitleCounters
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \printFirstPageNotes
+ \begin{center}%
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt
+ \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt
+ \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt
+ \hrule\vskip12pt
+ \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+ \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+ \hrule\vskip12pt
+ \end{center}%
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
+ }
+
+\def\printWarning{%
+ \mbox{}\par\vfill\par\bgroup
+ \fboxsep12pt\fboxrule1pt
+ \hspace*{.18\textwidth}
+ \fcolorbox{gray50}{gray10}{\box\warnbox}
+ \egroup\par\vfill\thispagestyle{empty}
+ \setcounter{page}{0}
+ \clearpage}
+
+\long\def\finalMaketitle{%
+ \resetTitleCounters
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \MaketitleBox
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
+ }
+
+\long\def\MaketitleBox{%
+ \resetTitleCounters
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \begin{center}%
+ \def\baselinestretch{1}%
+ \Large\@title\par\vskip18pt
+ \normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt
+ \footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt
+ \hrule\vskip12pt
+ \ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+ \ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi
+ \hrule\vskip12pt
+ \end{center}%
+ }
+
+
+\def\FNtext#1{\par\bgroup\footnotesize#1\egroup}
+\newdimen\space@left
+\def\alarm#1{\typeout{******************************}%
+ \typeout{#1}%
+ \typeout{******************************}%
+}
+\long\def\getSpaceLeft{%\global\@twocolumnfalse%
+ \global\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth\MaketitleBox}%
+ \global\setbox1=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth
+ \let\footnotetext\FNtext
+ \printFirstPageNotes}%
+ \xdef\noteheight{\the\ht1}%
+ \xdef\titleheight{\the\ht0}%
+ \@tempdima=\vsize
+ \advance\@tempdima-\noteheight
+ \advance\@tempdima-1\baselineskip
+% \alarm{Note height .... \noteheight}%
+% \alarm{Title height .... \titleheight}%
+% \alarm{T-height........ \the\textheight}%
+% \alarm{Goal........ \the\@tempdima}%
+}
+
+
+%\ifpreprint\let\footnoterule\relax\fi
+ \skip\footins=24pt
+
+\newbox\els@boxa
+\newbox\els@boxb
+
+\ifpreprint
+ \def\maketitle{\pprintMaketitle}
+ \else
+ \ifnum\jtype=1
+ \def\maketitle{%
+ \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+ \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+ \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \printFirstPageNotes
+ \box0%
+ \else
+ \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
+ \fi
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
+ \else
+ \ifnum\jtype=5
+ \def\maketitle{%
+ \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+ \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+ \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \printFirstPageNotes
+ \twocolumn[\box0]%\printFirstPageNotes
+ \else
+ \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes
+ \fi
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}
+ \else
+ \if@twocolumn
+ \def\maketitle{%
+ \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+ \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+ \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \printFirstPageNotes
+ \twocolumn[\box0]%
+ \else
+ \twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes
+ \fi
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
+ \else
+ \def\maketitle{%
+ \iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
+ \global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
+ \box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
+ \thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
+ \printFirstPageNotes
+ \box0%
+ \else
+ \finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
+ \fi
+ \gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\section{Headers/footers}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\ps@pprintTitle{%
+ \let\@oddhead\@empty
+ \let\@evenhead\@empty
+ \def\@oddfoot{\footnotesize\itshape
+ Preprint submitted to \ifx\@journal\@empty Elsevier
+ \else\@journal\fi\hfill\today}%
+ \let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot}
+
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \section{Section headings}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\@seccntDot{.}
+\def\@seccntformat#1{\csname the#1\endcsname\@seccntDot\hskip 0.5em}
+
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+ {18\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {9\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+ {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {3\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+ {12\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {\p@}%
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}}
+
+\def\paragraph{\secdef{\els@aparagraph}{\els@bparagraph}}
+\def\els@aparagraph[#1]#2{\elsparagraph[#1]{#2.}}
+\def\els@bparagraph#1{\elsparagraph*{#1.}}
+
+\newcommand\elsparagraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{0\z@}%
+ {10\p@ \@plus 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@}%
+ {-6\p@}%
+ {\normalfont\itshape}}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\section{List environment}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\newdimen\leftMargin
+\leftMargin=2em
+\newtoks\@enLab %\newtoks\@enfont
+\def\@enQmark{?}
+\def\@enLabel#1#2{%
+ \edef\@enThe{\noexpand#1{\@enumctr}}%
+ \@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname}%
+ \@enloop}
+\def\@enSpace{\afterassignment\@enSp@ce\let\@tempa= }
+\def\@enSp@ce{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab\space}\@enloop}
+\def\@enGroup#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab{#1}}\@enloop}
+\def\@enOther#1{\@enLab\expandafter{\the\@enLab#1}\@enloop}
+\def\@enloop{\futurelet\@entemp\@enloop@}
+\def\@enloop@{%
+ \ifx A\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Alph }\else
+ \ifx a\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\alph }\else
+ \ifx i\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\roman }\else
+ \ifx I\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\Roman }\else
+ \ifx 1\@entemp \def\@tempa{\@enLabel\arabic}\else
+ \ifx \@sptoken\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enSpace \else
+ \ifx \bgroup\@entemp \let\@tempa\@enGroup \else
+ \ifx \@enum@\@entemp \let\@tempa\@gobble \else
+ \let\@tempa\@enOther
+ \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
+ \@tempa}
+\newlength{\@sep} \newlength{\@@sep}
+\setlength{\@sep}{.5\baselineskip plus.2\baselineskip
+ minus.2\baselineskip}
+\setlength{\@@sep}{.1\baselineskip plus.01\baselineskip
+ minus.05\baselineskip}
+\providecommand{\sfbc}{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\providecommand{\sfn}{\rmfamily\upshape}
+\def\@enfont{\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\let\@nxt\sfn \else\let\@nxt\sfbc \fi\@nxt}
+\def\enumerate{%
+ \ifnum \@enumdepth >3 \@toodeep\else
+ \advance\@enumdepth \@ne
+ \edef\@enumctr{enum\romannumeral\the\@enumdepth}\fi
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@@enum@}{\@enum@}}
+\def\@@enum@[#1]{%
+ \@enLab{}\let\@enThe\@enQmark
+ \@enloop#1\@enum@
+ \ifx\@enThe\@enQmark\@warning{The counter will not be printed.%
+ ^^J\space\@spaces\@spaces\@spaces The label is: \the\@enLab}\fi
+ \expandafter\edef\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname{\the\@enLab}%
+ \expandafter\let\csname the\@enumctr\endcsname\@enThe
+ \csname c@\@enumctr\endcsname7
+ \expandafter\settowidth
+ \csname leftmargin\romannumeral\@enumdepth\endcsname
+ {\the\@enLab\hskip\labelsep}%
+ \@enum@}
+\def\@enum@{\list{{\@enfont\csname label\@enumctr\endcsname}}%
+ {\usecounter{\@enumctr}\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}%
+ \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\topsep}{\@@sep}\else
+ \setlength{\topsep}{\@sep}\fi
+ \ifnum \@enumdepth>1\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
+ \else \setlength{\itemsep}{\@@sep}\fi
+ %\setlength\leftmargin{\leftMargin}%%%{1.8em}
+ \setlength{\parsep}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}%
+ \setlength{\parskip}{0pt plus1pt minus1pt}
+ }}
+
+\def\endenumerate{\par\ifnum \@enumdepth >1\addvspace{\@@sep}\else
+ \addvspace{\@sep}\fi \endlist}
+
+\def\sitem{\@noitemargtrue\@item[\@itemlabel *]}
+
+\def\itemize{\@ifnextchar[{\@Itemize}{\@Itemize[]}}
+
+\def\@Itemize[#1]{\def\next{#1}%
+ \ifnum \@itemdepth >\thr@@\@toodeep\else
+ \advance\@itemdepth\@ne
+ \ifx\next\@empty\else\expandafter\def\csname
+ labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth\endcsname{#1}\fi%
+ \edef\@itemitem{labelitem\romannumeral\the\@itemdepth}%
+ \expandafter\list\csname\@itemitem\endcsname
+ {\def\makelabel##1{\hss\llap{##1}}}%
+ \fi}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\section{Theorem environment}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\newdefinition#1{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@odfn{#1}}{\@ndfn{#1}}}%]
+\def\@ndfn#1#2{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@xndfn{#1}{#2}}{\@yndfn{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xndfn#1#2[#3]{%
+ \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{%
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@dfncountersep
+ \@dfncounter{#1}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}
+\def\@yndfn#1#2{%
+ \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\@definecounter{#1}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@dfncounter{#1}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#1}{#2}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}
+\def\@odfn#1[#2]#3{%
+ \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%
+ {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@dfn{#2}{#3}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@enddefinition}}}}
+\def\@dfn#1#2{%
+ \refstepcounter{#1}%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@ydfn{#1}{#2}}{\@xdfn{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xdfn#1#2{%
+ \@begindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@ydfn#1#2[#3]{%
+ \@opargbegindefinition{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@dfncounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}}
+\def\@dfncountersep{.}
+\def\@begindefinition#1#2{\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\upshape}
+\def\@opargbegindefinition#1#2#3{\trivlist
+ \item[\hskip\labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\upshape}
+\def\@enddefinition{\endtrivlist}
+
+\def\@begintheorem#1#2{\trivlist
+ \let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+ \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2.}]\itshape}
+\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\trivlist
+ \let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+ \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries #1\ #2\ (#3).}]\itshape}
+
+\def\newproof#1{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@oprf{#1}}{\@nprf{#1}}}
+\def\@nprf#1#2{%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@xnprf{#1}{#2}}{\@ynprf{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xnprf#1#2[#3]{%
+ \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\@definecounter{#1}\@newctr{#1}[#3]%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{%
+ \expandafter\noexpand\csname the#3\endcsname \@prfcountersep
+ \@prfcounter{#1}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}
+\def\@ynprf#1#2{%
+ \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\@definecounter{#1}%
+ \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@prfcounter{#1}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#1}{#2}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}
+\def\@oprf#1[#2]#3{%
+ \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@nocounterr{#2}}%
+ {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
+ {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}%
+ \global\@namedef{#1}{\@prf{#2}{#3}}%
+ \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endproof}}}}
+\def\@prf#1#2{%
+ \refstepcounter{#1}%
+ \@ifnextchar[{\@yprf{#1}{#2}}{\@xprf{#1}{#2}}}
+\def\@xprf#1#2{%
+ \@beginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@yprf#1#2[#3]{%
+ \@opargbeginproof{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}\ignorespaces}
+\def\@prfcounter#1{\noexpand\arabic{#1}}
+\def\@prfcountersep{.}
+\def\@beginproof#1#2{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+ \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1.}]\rmfamily}
+\def\@opargbeginproof#1#2#3{\trivlist\let\baselinestretch\@blstr
+ \item[\hskip \labelsep{\scshape #1\ (#3).}]\rmfamily}
+\def\@endproof{\endtrivlist}
+\newcommand*{\qed}{\hbox{}\hfill$\Box$}
+
+\@ifundefined{@biboptions}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}{}
+\InputIfFileExists{\jobname.spl}{}{}
+\RequirePackage[\@biboptions]{natbib}
+
+\newwrite\splwrite
+\immediate\openout\splwrite=\jobname.spl
+\def\biboptions#1{\def\next{#1}\immediate\write\splwrite{%
+ \string\g@addto@macro\string\@biboptions{%
+ ,\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\next}}}
+
+\let\baselinestretch=\@blstr
+
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\section{Page dimensions and margins for final form}
+%
+%\subsection{Option 1p}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifnum\jtype=1
+ \RequirePackage{geometry}
+ \geometry{twoside,
+% top=30mm,
+% paperwidth=165mm,
+% paperheight=240mm,
+ paperwidth=210mm,
+ paperheight=297mm,
+ textheight=562pt,
+ textwidth=384pt,
+% inner=16mm,
+% top=22.1mm,
+ centering,
+ headheight=50pt,
+ headsep=12pt,
+ footskip=12pt,
+ footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
+ }
+ \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
+ \global\bibsep=0pt
+ \if@twocolumn\global\@twocolumnfalse\fi
+%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\subsection{Option '3p'}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\else\ifnum\jtype=3
+ \RequirePackage{geometry}
+ \geometry{twoside,
+% paperwidth=192mm,
+% paperheight=262mm,
+ paperwidth=210mm,
+ paperheight=297mm,
+ textheight=622pt,
+ textwidth=468pt,
+% inner=13.1mm,
+% top=22.1mm,
+ centering,
+ headheight=50pt,
+ headsep=12pt,
+ footskip=12pt,
+ footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
+ columnsep=2pc
+ }
+ \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
+ \global\bibsep=0pt
+ \if@twocolumn\input{fleqn.clo}\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\subsection{Option '5p'}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\else\ifnum\jtype=5
+ \RequirePackage{geometry}
+ \geometry{twoside,
+% top=30mm,
+ paperwidth=210mm,
+% paperheight=280mm,
+ paperheight=297mm,
+ textheight=682pt,
+ textwidth=522pt,
+% inner=15mm,
+% top=23.2mm,
+ centering,
+ headheight=50pt,
+ headsep=12pt,
+ footskip=18pt,
+ footnotesep=24pt plus 2pt minus 12pt,
+ columnsep=18pt
+ }%
+ \global\let\bibfont=\footnotesize
+ \global\bibsep=0pt
+ \input{fleqn.clo}
+ \global\@twocolumntrue
+%%
+%% End of option '5p'
+%%
+\fi\fi\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%\section{Other items}
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+
+\def\journal#1{\gdef\@journal{#1}}
+ \let\@journal\@empty
+\newenvironment{frontmatter}{}{\maketitle}
+
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+ \vskip\abovecaptionskip\footnotesize
+ \sbox\@tempboxa{#1: #2}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+ #1: #2\par
+ \else
+ \global \@minipagefalse
+ \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
+
+%\RequirePackage[expansion=alltext,stretch=30]{microtype}
+\AtBeginDocument{\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}
+ {\def\@linkcolor{blue}
+ \def\@anchorcolor{blue}
+ \def\@citecolor{blue}
+ \def\@filecolor{blue}
+ \def\@urlcolor{blue}
+ \def\@menucolor{blue}
+ \def\@pagecolor{blue}
+\begingroup
+ \@makeother\`%
+ \@makeother\=%
+ \edef\x{%
+ \edef\noexpand\x{%
+ \endgroup
+ \noexpand\toks@{%
+ \catcode 96=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\`\relax
+ \catcode 61=\noexpand\the\catcode`\noexpand\=\relax
+ }%
+ }%
+ \noexpand\x
+ }%
+\x
+\@makeother\`
+\@makeother\=
+}{}}
+%
+%%
+%</class>
+%
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \Finale
+% \endinput
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*mydoc>
+\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
+\usepackage{amsfonts}
+\usepackage[pdftex,screen,vpanel]{docscreen}
+
+\panelwidth=5in
+\vpanelheight=1.25in
+\margins{1.5cm}{1cm}{1.25cm}{1.25cm}
+\screensize{210mm}{297mm}
+\vpaneloverlay{bg_body1.jpg}
+
+\usepackage{pxfonts}
+\usepackage{charter}
+\usepackage[scaled=.9]{lfr}
+\usepackage[scaled=.8]{prima}
+\usepackage{xspace}
+\usepackage{pdfwidgets}
+\makeatletter
+\def\bs{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
+\def\lb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
+\def\rb{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
+\def\@pdfauthor{C.V.Radhakrishnan}
+\def\@pdftitle{elsarticle.cls -- A documentation}
+\def\@pdfsubject{Document formatting with elsarticle.cls}
+\def\@pdfkeywords{LaTeX, Elsevier Ltd., document class}
+\def\file#1{\textsf{#1}\xspace}
+\def\Hlink#1#2{\hyperlink{#1}{{\sffamily\color{brown}#2}}}
+
+\def\LastPage{19}
+
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\LaTeX}{L\kern-.26em%
+ {\sbox\z@ T%
+ \vbox to\ht\z@{\hbox{\check@mathfonts
+ \fontsize\sf@size\z@
+ \math@fontsfalse\selectfont
+ A\,}%
+ \vss}%
+ }%
+ \kern-.15em%
+ \TeX}
+\makeatother
+
+\usepackage{doc-tooltips}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\newbox\contbox
+\global\setbox\contbox=\vbox{\hsize=108mm
+ \color{orange}
+ \begin{enumerate}[$\square$]
+ \item \Hlink{introduction}{Introduction}
+ \item \Hlink{majordifferences}{Major Differences}
+ \item \Hlink{installation}{Installation}
+ \item \Hlink{usage}{Usage}
+ \item \Hlink{preamble}{Preamble}
+ \item \Hlink{floats}{Floats}
+ \item \Hlink{theorems}{Theorems}
+ \item \Hlink{lists}{Lists}
+ \item \Hlink{crossreferences}{Cross-references}
+ \item \Hlink{math}{Mathematical Symbols and Formulae}
+ \item \Hlink{bibliography}{Bibliography}
+ \item \Hlink{final}{Final Print}
+ \end{enumerate}\par\vspace{45mm}
+ \footnotesize\parindent=0pt
+ \color{Olive}%
+ \copyright 2008, Elsevier Ltd. Bugs, feature requests,
+ suggestions and comments shall be mailed to
+ \href{mailto:elsarticle@river-valley.com}
+ {\texttt{<elsarticle@river-valley.com>}}.
+ \file{elsarticle.\allowbreak [dtx,ins]}, related documentation
+ and supporting packages are released under \LaTeX{} Project
+ Public Licence, either version 1.2 or any later version. This
+ work has the LPPL maintenance status
+ `author-maintained'.\par\vskip6pt
+ \noindent
+}
+
+\def\testa{This is a specimen document. }
+\def\testc{\testa\testa\testa\testa}
+\def\testb{\testc\testc\testc\testc\testc}
+\long\def\test{\testb\par\testb\par\testb\par}
+
+
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\normalcolor
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\hypertarget{introduction}{}
+
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is a thoroughly re-written document class
+for formatting \LaTeX{} submissions to Elsevier journals.
+The class uses the environments and commands defined in \LaTeX{} kernel
+without change to the signature so that clashes with other
+contributed \LaTeX{} packages like \file{hyperref.sty},
+\file{preview-latex.sty}, etc., will be minimal.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} is primarily built upon the default
+\file{article.cls}. The class depends on the following packages
+for its proper functionality:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[1.]
+
+\item \file{pifont.sty} for openstar in the title footnotes.
+\item \file{natbib.sty} for citation processing.
+\item \file{geometry.sty} for margin settings.
+\item \file{fleqn.clo} for left aligned equations.
+\item \file{graphicx.sty} for graphics inclusion.
+\item \file{txfonts.sty} optional font package, if document is to
+ be formatted with Times and compatible math fonts.
+\item \file{hyperref.sty} optional packages if hyper linking is
+ required in the document.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+All the above packages are part of any standard \LaTeX{} installation.
+Therefore, the users need not be bothered about downloading any
+extra packages. Further, users are free to make use of \textsc{ams}
+math packages like, \file{amsmath.sty}, \file{amsthm.sty},
+\file{amssymb.sty}, \file{amsfonts.sty}, etc., if they want. All
+these packages work in tandem with \file{elsarticle.cls} without
+any problems.
+
+\section{Major Differences}
+\hypertarget{majordifferences}{}
+
+Following are the major differences between \file{elsarticle.cls}
+and its predecesor package, \file{elsart.cls}:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+
+\item \file{elsarticle.cls} is built upon \file{article.cls}
+ while \file{elsart.cls} is not. \file{elsart.cls} redefines
+ many of the commands in the \LaTeX{} classes/kernel, which can
+ possibly cause surprising clashes with other contributed
+ \LaTeX{} packages.
+
+\item Provides preprint document formatting by default, and
+ optionally formats the document as per the final
+ style of models $1+$, $3+$ and $5+$ of Elsevier journals.
+
+\item Some easier hooks for formatting \verb+list+ and
+ \verb+theorem+ environments are provided while people can still
+ use \file{amsthm.sty} package.
+
+\item \file{natbib.sty} is the main citation processing package
+ which can comprehensively handle all kinds of citations and
+ works perfectly with \file{hyperref.sty} in combination with
+ \file{hypernat.sty}.
+
+\item Long title pages are processed correctly in preprint and
+ final formats.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Installation}
+\hypertarget{installation}{}
+
+The package is available at
+\url{http://www.elsevier.com/locate/latex}.
+It can also be found in any of the nodes of the Comprehensive
+\TeX{} Archive Network (\textsc{ctan}), one of the primary nodes
+being
+\url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/elsevier/}.
+Please grab the \file{elsarticle.dtx} which is the composite
+class with documentation and \file{elsarticle.ins} which is the
+\LaTeX{} installer file. When we compile the
+\file{elsarticle.ins} with \LaTeX{} it provides the class file,
+\file{elsarticle.cls} by
+stripping off all the documentation from the \verb+*.dtx+ file.
+The class may be moved or copied to a place, usually,
+\texttt{\$TEXMF/tex/latex/elsevier/}, or a folder which will be read
+by \LaTeX{} during document compilation. The \TeX{} file
+database needs updation after moving/copying class file. Usually,
+we use commands like \verb+mktexlsr+ or \verb+texhash+ depending
+upon the distribution and operating system.
+
+%\newpage
+
+\section{Usage}\label{sec:usage}
+\hypertarget{usage}{}
+The class should be loaded with the command:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \documentclass[<options>]{elsarticle}
+\end{vquote}
+
+where the \verb+options+ can be the following:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)]
+
+\item \verb+preprint+ --- default options which formats the
+ document for submission to Elsevier journals.
+
+\item \verb+review+ --- similar to \verb+preprint+ option, but
+ increases the baselineskip to facilitate easier review process.
+
+\item \verb+1p+ --- formats to the look and feel of the final
+ format of model 1+ journals. This is always single column style.
+
+\item \verb+3p+ --- formats to the look and feel of the final
+ format of model 3+ journals. If the journal is a two column
+ model use \verb+twocolumn+ option in combination.
+
+\item \verb+5p+ --- formats for model 5+ journals. This is always
+ two column style.
+
+\item \verb+authoryear+ --- author-year citation style of
+ \file{natbib.sty}. If you want to add extra options of
+ \file{natbib.sty}, you may use the options as a comma delimited
+ strings as argument to \verb+\biboptions+ command. An example
+ would be:
+\end{enumerate}
+\begin{vquote}
+ \biboptions{longnamesfirst,angle,semicolon}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{enumerate}[(1)] \setcounter{enumi}{6}
+\item \verb+number+ --- numbered citation style. Extra options
+ can be loaded with \verb+\biboptions+ command.
+
+\item \verb+longtitle+ --- if front matter is unusually long, use
+ this option to split the title page across pages with correct
+ placing of title and author footnotes in the first page.
+
+\item \verb+times+ --- loads \file{txfonts.sty} if available in
+ the system to use Times and compatible math fonts.
+
+\item All options of \file{article.cls} can be used with this
+ document class.
+
+\item The default options loaded are \verb+a4paper+, \verb+10pt+,
+ \verb+oneside+, \verb+onecolumn+ and \verb+preprint+.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\section{Preamble}
+\hypertarget{preamble}{}
+
+There are two types of preamble coding --- (1) each author is
+connected to an affiliation with a footnote marker; hence all
+authors are grouped together and affiliations follow; (2) authors
+of same affiliations are grouped together and the relevant
+affiliation follows this group. An example coding of the first
+type is provided below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \title{This is a specimen title\tnoteref{t1,t2}}
+ \tnotetext[t1]{This document is a collaborative effort.}
+ \tnotetext[t2]{The second title footnote which is a longer
+ longer than the first one and with an intention to fill
+ in up more than one line while formatting.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \author[rvt]{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[rvt,focal]{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+
+ \author[els]{S.~Pepping\corref{cor2}\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+ \cortext[cor2]{Principal corresponding author}
+ \fntext[fn1]{This is the specimen author footnote.}
+ \fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, but a little more longer.}
+ \fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote. Indeed, you can have
+ any number of author footnotes.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+
+ \address[rvt]{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+ Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+ \address[focal]{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court,
+ Kennford, Exeter, United Kingdom}
+ \address[els]{Central Application Management,
+ Elsevier, Radarweg 29, 1043 NX\\
+ Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+
+\end{vquote}
+
+You can see the output in the panel to the right.
+\mywidth=.7\panelwidth
+\Sep=8pt
+\def\rulewidth{.2pt}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+\npskip=8mm
+\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}%
+ \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els1.pdf}%
+ \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+Most of the commands like \verb+\title+, \verb+\author+,
+\verb+\address+ are self explanatory. Various components are
+linked each other by a label--reference mechanism, for
+instance, title footnote is linked to the title with a footnote
+mark generated by referring to the \verb+\label+ string of
+the \verb=\tnotetext=. We have used similar commands
+like \verb=\tnoteref= (to link title note to title);
+\verb=\corref= (to link corresponding author text to
+corresponding author); \verb=\fnref= (to link footnote text to
+the relevant author names). \TeX{} needs two compilations to
+resolve the footnote marks in the preamble part. Given below are
+the syntax of various note marks and note texts.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \tnoteref{<label(s)>}
+ \corref{<label(s)>}
+ \fnref{<label(s)>}
+ \tnotetext[<label>]{<title note text>}
+ \cortext[<label>]{<corresponding author note text>}
+ \fntext[<label>]{<author footnote text>}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent where \verb=<label(s)>= can be either one or more comma
+delimited label strings. The optional arguments to the
+\verb=\author= command holds the ref label(s) of the address(es)
+to which the author is affiliated while each \verb=\address=
+command can have an optional argument of a label. In the same
+manner, \verb=\tnotetext=, \verb=\fntext=, \verb=\cortext= will
+have optional arguments as their respective labels and note text
+as their mandatory argument.
+
+The following example code provides the markup of the second type
+of author-affiliation as seen in the output given in the
+box to the right.
+\pinclude{\def\rulecolor{blue!80}
+ \includeclip[width=3.25in]{1}{130 84 484 676}{els2.pdf}%
+ \def\rulecolor{orange}}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{C.V.~Radhakrishnan\corref{cor1}\fnref{fn1}}
+ \ead{cvr@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, SJP Building,
+ Cotton Hills, Trivandrum, Kerala, India 695014}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{K.~Bazargan\fnref{fn2}}
+ \ead{kaveh@river-valley.com}
+ \address{River Valley Technologies, 9, Browns Court, Kennford,
+ Exeter, UK.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\author{S.~Pepping\fnref{fn1,fn3}}
+ \ead[url]{http://www.elsevier.com}
+ \address{Central Application Management,
+ Elsevier, Radarweg 43, 1043 NX Amsterdam, Netherlands}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+\cortext[cor1]{Corresponding author}
+\fntext[fn1]{This is the first author footnote.}
+\fntext[fn2]{Another author footnote, this is a very long footnote and
+ it should be a really long footnote. But this footnote is not yet
+ sufficiently long enough to make two lines of footnote text.}
+\fntext[fn3]{Yet another author footnote.}
+\end{vquote}
+
+The preamble part has further environments like
+\verb+\begin{abstract}+ \dots \linebreak \verb+\end{abstract}+ and
+\verb+\begin{keyword}+ \verb+...+ \verb+\end{keyword}+ which
+contain the abstract and keywords respectively. Keywords can be
+marked up in the following manner:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{keyword}
+ quadruple exiton \sep polariton \sep WGM
+
+ \PACS 71.35.-y \sep 71.35.Lk \sep 71.36.+c
+ \end{keyworkd}
+\end{vquote}
+
+\noindent Each keyword shall be separated by \verb+\sep+ command.
+\textsc{pacs} and \textsc{msc} classifications shall be provided in
+the keyword environment with the commands \verb+\PACS+ and
+\verb+\MSC+ respectively. \verb+\MSC+ accepts an optional
+argument to accommodae future revisions.
+eg., \verb=\MSC[2008]=. The default is 2000.
+
+\npskip=0mm
+\pinclude{\copy\contbox\printSq{\LastPage}}
+
+\newpage
+
+\section{Floats}
+\hypertarget{floats}{}
+\tooltip{Figures}{mytip6} may be included using the command,
+\verb+\includegraphics+ in combination with or without its
+several options to further control the graphic.
+\verb+\includegraphics+ is provided by \file{graphic[s,x].sty}
+which is part of any standard \LaTeX{} distribution.
+\file{graphicx.sty} is loaded by default. \LaTeX{} accepts
+figures in postscript format while pdf\LaTeX{} accepts
+\file{*.pdf}, \file{*.mps} (metapost), \file{*.jpg} and
+\file{*.png} formats. pdf\LaTeX{} does not accept
+graphic files in postscript format.
+
+The \verb+table+ environment is handy for marking up tabular
+material. If users want to use \file{multirow.sty},
+\file{array.sty}, etc., to fine control/enhance the tables, they
+are welcome to load any package of their choice and
+\file{elsarticle.cls} will work in combination with all loaded
+packages.
+
+\section{Theorem and theorem like environments}
+\hypertarget{theorems}{}
+1
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides a few hooks to format theorems and
+theorem like environments with ease. All commands the options
+that are used with \verb+\newtheorem+ command will work exactly
+in the same manner. \file{elsarticle.cls} provides three
+commands to format theorem or theorem like environments:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
+ \newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
+ \newdefinition{rmk}{Remark}
+ \newproof{pf}{Proof}
+ \newproof{pot}{Proof of Theorem \ref{thm2}}
+\end{vquote}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 1
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\let\la\lambda
+\noindent\textbf{Remark 3.}\enspace
+We remark that; when the ratio $h/\la$ tends to 0, the expression $\la
+L(r,s)=-(s-r)/(4\left(\frac{h}{\la}\right)^2+(r-s)^2)$ tends to
+$1/(r-s)$ which is a singular function. This means that the expression
+$\la L(r,s)$ is not well behaved for the small values of
+$h/\la$. Consequently, for the solution to converge, the integrals of
+(10) and (11) must be evaluated with a large number of
+nodes. In our numerical applications (cf. section 5), we
+use 100 nodes to evaluate these integrals. With the smallest value of
+$h/\la=0.02$, the convergence is good with $N=20$.
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 2
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\noindent\textbf{Theorem 2.}\enspace\itshape
+For system (8), consensus can be achieved with
+$\|T_{\omega z}(s)\|_{\infty}<\gamma$ if there exist a symmetric
+positive definite
+ matrix $P\in \mathcal{R}^{(n-1)\times (n-1)}$ and a scalar $\mu>0$ satisfying
+\setcounter{equation}{9}
+\begin{eqnarray}\label{10}
+\Gamma=\begin{bmatrix}
+-\bar{L}^TP-P\bar{L}+U_1^TU_1+\mu \bar{E}&PU_1^TE_1&PU_1^T\\
+E_1^TU_1P&-\mu I&0\\ U_1P&0&-\gamma^2I\end{bmatrix}<0,
+\end{eqnarray}
+where $\bar{L}=U_1^TLU_1$ and $\bar{E}=U_1^TE_2^TE_2U_1.$
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% mytip 3
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\noindent\textbf{Proof of Theorem 2.}\enspace Proof follows
+straightforward from Lemma 3 and Theorem 1. However, it should be
+emphasized that all possible $\bar{L}_{\sigma(t)}$ should share a
+common Lyapunov function $V(\delta)=\delta^T(t)P\delta(t)$ (see
+the proof of Lemma 3 in Appendix A). \hfill$\square$
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newtheorem}{mytip2} command formats a
+theorem in \LaTeX's default style with italicized font, bold font
+for theorem heading, theorem number at the right hand side of the
+theorem heading. It also optionally accepts an argument which
+will be printed as an extra heading in parentheses. You may roll
+over your \tooltip{mouse here}{mytip2} to see how some text
+enclosed between \verb+\begin{thm}+ \dots \verb+\end{thm}+ will
+look like.
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newdefinition}{mytip1} command is same in
+all respects as its \verb+\newtheorem+ counterpart except that
+the font shape is roman instead of italic. Both
+\verb+\newdefinition+ and \verb+\newtheorem+ commands
+automatically defines counters for the environments defined.
+\tooltip{See the output of}{mytip1} of \verb+\begin{rmk}+ \dots
+\verb+\end{rmk}+.
+
+\tooltip{\ttfamily\bs newproof}{mytip3} command is for defining
+proof environments with upright font shape. No counters are
+defined. \tooltip{See the output of}{mytip3} \verb+\begin{pot}+
+\dots \verb+\end{pot}+.
+
+Users can also make use of \verb+amsthm.sty+ which will override
+all the default definitions described above.
+
+\section{Enumerated and Itemized Lists}
+\hypertarget{lists}{}
+\file{elsarticle.cls} provides an extended list processing macros
+which makes the usage a bit more user friendly than the default
+\LaTeX{} list macros. With an optional argument to the
+\verb+\begin{enumerate}+ command, you can change the list counter
+type and its attributes.
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+ argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+ by a period.
+ \item If you provide a closing parenthesis to the number in the
+ optional argument, the output will have closing parenthesis
+ for all the item counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+ roman counter.
+\end{vquote}
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+ \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+ \item One more item before we start another.
+ \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+ \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+ \item Another one before we close the third level.
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item Third item in second level.
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+%%
+%% Mytool 4
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+ \begin{enumerate}[1.]
+ \item The enumerate environment starts with an optional
+ argument `1.' so that the item counter will be suffixed
+ by a period.
+ \item If you provide parentheses to the number, the
+ output will have only one parentheses for all the item
+ counters.
+ \item You can use `(a)' for alphabetical counter and '(i)' for
+ roman counter.
+ \begin{enumerate}[a)]
+ \item Another level of list with alphabetical counter.
+ \item One more item before we start another.
+ \begin{enumerate}[(i)]
+ \item This item has roman numeral counter.
+ \item Another one before we close the third level.
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item Third item in second level.
+ \end{enumerate}
+ \item All list items conclude with this step.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+You can see the typeset copy of the above source code if you
+roll over \tooltip{your mouse here}{mytip4}.
+
+Further, the enhanced list environment allows one to prefix a
+string like `step' to all the item numbers. Take a look at the
+example below:
+
+\begin{vquote}
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+ \item This is the first step of the example list.
+ \item Obviously this is the second step.
+ \item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{vquote}
+
+
+%%
+%% mytool 5
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{10cm}
+\lmrgn=4em
+ \begin{enumerate}[Step 1.]
+ \item This is the first step of the example list.
+ \item Obviously this is the second step.
+ \item The final step to wind up this example.
+ \end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+\tooltip{Here is the typeset output}{mytip5} of the above example code.
+
+\section{Cross-references}
+\hypertarget{crossreferences}{}
+
+In electronic publications articles may be internally
+hyperlinked. Hyperlinks are generated from proper
+cross-references in the article. For example, the words
+\textcolor{black!80}{Fig.~1} will never be more than simple text,
+whereas the proper cross-reference \verb+\ref{tiger}+ may be
+turned into a hyperlink to the figure itself:
+\tooltip{Fig.~1}{mytip6}. In the same way,
+the words \tooltip{Ref.~[1]}{mytip7} will fail to turn into a
+hyperlink; the proper cross-reference is \verb+\cite{Knuth96}+.
+Cross-referencing is possible in \LaTeX{} for sections,
+subsections, formulae, figures, tables, and literature
+references.
+
+
+\section{Mathematical symbols and formulae}
+\hypertarget{math}{}
+
+Many physical/mathematical sciences authors require more
+mathematical symbols than the few that are provided in standard
+\LaTeX. A useful package for additional symbols is the
+\file{amssymb} package, developed by the American Mathematical
+Society. This package includes such oft used symbols as
+\verb+\lesssim+ for $\lesssim$, \verb+\gtrsim+ for $\gtrsim$ or
+\verb+\hbar+ for $\hbar$. Note that your \TeX{} system should
+have the \file{msam} and \file{msbm} fonts installed. If you need
+only a few symbols, such as \verb+\Box+ for $\square$, you might
+try the package \file{latexsym}.
+
+Another point which would require authors' attention is the
+breaking of longer equations. When you use
+\file{elsarticle.cls} for formatting your submissions in
+\verb+preprint+ mode, the document is formatted in single column
+style with a text width of 384pt or 5.3in. When this document is
+formatted for final print and if the journal happens to be a double column
+journal, the text width will be reduced to 224pt at for 3+
+double column and 5+ journals respectively. All the nifty fine
+tuning in equation breaking done by the author goes to waste in
+such cases. Therefore, authors are requested to check this
+problem by typesetting their submissions in final format as well
+just to see if their equations are broken at appropriate places,
+by changing appropriate options in the document class loading
+command, which is explained in section~\ref{sec:usage},
+\nameref{sec:usage}. This allows authors to fix any equation breaking
+problem before submission for publication.
+\file{elsarticle.cls} supports formatting the author submission
+in different types of final format. This is further discussed in
+section \ref{sec:final}, \nameref{sec:final}.
+
+
+\section{Bibliography}
+\hypertarget{bibliography}{}
+
+Three bibliographic style files (\verb+*.bst+) are provided ---
+\file{elsarticle-num.bst}, \file{elsarticle-num-names.bst} and
+\file{elsarticle-harv.bst} --- the first one for numbered scheme, the
+second for numbered with new options of \file{natbib.sty} and the
+last one for author year scheme.
+
+In \LaTeX{} literature references are listed in the
+thebibliography environment. Each reference is a
+\verb+\bibitem+; each \verb+\bibitem+ is identified by a label,
+by which it can be cited in the text:
+\verb+\bibitem[Elson et al.(1996)]{ESG96}+ is cited as
+\verb+\citet{ESG96}+. In connection with cross-referencing and
+possible future hyperlinking it is not a good idea to collect
+more that one literature item in one \verb+\bibitem+. The
+so-called Harvard or author-year style of referencing is enabled
+by the \LaTeX{} package \file{natbib}. With this package the
+literature can be cited as follows:
+
+\begin{enumerate}[\textbullet]
+\item Parenthetical: \verb+\citep{WB96}+ produces (Wettig \&
+ Brown, 1996).
+\item Textual: \verb+\citet{ESG96}+ produces Elson et al. (1996).
+\item An affix and part of a reference:
+ \verb+\citep[e.g.][Ch. 2]{Gea97}+ produces (e.g. Governato et
+ al., 1997, Ch. 2).
+\end{enumerate}
+
+In the numbered scheme of citation, \verb+\cite{<label>}+ is used,
+since \verb+\citep+ or \verb+\citet+ has no relevance in numbered
+scheme. \file{natbib} package is loaded by \file{elsarticle} with
+\verb+numbers+ as default option. You can change this to author-year
+or harvard scheme by adding option \verb+authoryear+ in the class
+loading command. If you want to use more options of the \file{natbib}
+package, you can do so with the \verb+\biboptions+ command, which is
+described in section \ref{sec:usage}, \nameref{sec:usage}. For
+details of various options of the \file{natbib} package, please take a
+look at the \file{natbib} documentation, which is part of any standard
+\LaTeX{} installation.
+
+
+\newpage
+
+\section{Final print}\label{sec:final}
+\hypertarget{final}{}
+
+Authors can format their submission to the page size and margins
+of their preferred journal. \file{elsarticle} provides four
+class options for the same:
+\lmrgn=3em
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item [\texttt{1p}:] $1+$ journals with a text area of
+384pt $\times$ 562pt or 13.5cm $\times$ 19.75cm or 5.3in $\times$
+7.78in, single column style only.
+
+\item [\texttt{3p}:] $3+$ journals with a text area of 468pt
+$\times$ 622pt or 16.45cm $\times$ 21.9cm or 6.5in $\times$
+8.6in, single column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{3pd}:] $3+$ with the same text area as above,
+double column style.
+
+\item [\texttt{5p}:] $5+$ with text area of 522pt $\times$
+682pt or 18.35cm $\times$ 24cm or 7.22in $\times$ 9.45in,
+double column style only.
+\end{enumerate}
+
+Following pages have the clippings of different parts of
+the first page of different journal models typeset in final
+format.
+
+\bigskip
+\mywidth=14cm
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Upper part of first page of a single column article}
+\includeclip{1}{104 510 492 712}{els-1p.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Lower part of first page of a single column article}
+%\includeclip{1}{104 124 492 461}{els-1p.pdf}
+\includeclip{1}{104 124 492 443}{els-1p.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent
+Model $1+$ and $3+$ will have the same look and
+feel in the typeset copy when presented in this document. That is
+also the case with the double column $3+$ and $5+$ journal article
+pages. The only difference will be wider text width of
+higher models. Therefore we will look at the
+different portions of a typical single column journal page and
+that of a double column article in the final format.
+
+\newpage
+\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Upper part of first page of a typical double column article}
+ \includeclip{1}{60 245 536 752}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\newpage\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{Lower part of first page a typical double column article}
+\includeclip{1}{60 93 536 600}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\subsection*{Displayed equations and double column journals}
+
+Many Elsevier journals print their text in two columns. Because
+the preprint layout uses a larger line width than such columns,
+the formulas are too wide for the line width in print. Here is an
+example of an equation (see equation 6) which is perfect in
+single column preprint format:
+
+\bigskip
+\src{See equation (6)}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\includeclip{4}{134 391 483 594}{els1.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\bigskip
+\noindent When this document is typeset for publication in a
+model 3+ journal with double columns, the equation will overlap
+the second column text matter if the equation is not broken at
+the appropriate location.
+
+\newpage\vspace*{-18pt}
+\def\rulecolor{blue!70}
+\src{See equation (6) overprints into second column}
+\includeclip{3}{61 531 532 734}{els-3pd.pdf}
+\def\rulecolor{orange}
+
+\medskip
+
+\noindent The typesetter will try to break the equation which
+need not necessarily be to the liking of the author or as it
+happens, typesetter's break point may be semantically incorrect.
+Therefore, authors may check their submissions for the incidence
+of such long equations and break the equations at the correct
+places so that the final typeset copy will be as they wish.
+
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%
+%% Tooltip 6
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{10cm}
+\centering
+ {\ttfamily\bs includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45]\lb
+ tiger.pdf\rb}\\
+ \hspace*{-1cm}
+ \includegraphics[width=3in,angle=45,origin=c]{tiger.pdf}\\
+ \raggedright
+ \textbf{Fig.~1.}~~More details on the usage of {\ttfamily\bs
+ includegraphics} can be found in the \textsf{grfguide.ps} of the
+ \LaTeX{} documentation.
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% tooltip 7
+%%
+\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+\raggedright
+\begin{enumerate}[{[1]}]
+\item Knuth, D.E., \emph{TeX: The Program}, Computers \&
+Typesetting; B., 1995, Addisson-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., New
+York.
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{toolwrite}
+
+%%
+%% tooltip 8
+%%
+%\begin{toolwrite}{15cm}
+%\includegraphics[page=1,viewport=104 124 492 712]{els-1p.pdf}
+%\end{toolwrite}
+
+%</mydoc>
+%<mydoc> \end{document}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*num>
+%%% Modification of BibTeX style file elsarticle-num.bst
+%%% ... by urlbst, version 0.6 (marked with "% urlbst")
+%%% See <http://purl.org/nxg/dist/urlbst>
+%%% Added webpage entry type, and url and lastchecked fields.
+%%% Added eprint support.
+%%% Added DOI support.
+%%% Added hyperref support.
+%%% Original headers follow...
+
+%%
+%% This is file `elsarticle-num.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs (with options: `,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-end,yr-par,yrp-x,jttl-rm,thtit-a,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,pub-date,pub-xpar,pre-edn,url,url-nl,edpar,blk-com,in-col,pp,ed,abr,ednx,ord,jabr,and-xcom,xand,em-x,nfss')
+%% After docstrip generation some manual changes were made (SP)
+
+%% ----------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ journal
+ key
+ month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ volume
+ year
+ eprint % urlbst
+ doi % urlbst
+ url % urlbst
+ lastchecked % urlbst
+ }
+ {}
+ { label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+STRINGS { urlintro eprinturl eprintprefix doiprefix doiurl openinlinelink closeinlinelink } % urlbst...
+INTEGERS { hrefform inlinelinks makeinlinelink addeprints adddoiresolver }
+% Following constants may be adjusted by hand, if desired
+FUNCTION {init.urlbst.variables}
+{
+ "Available from: " 'urlintro := % prefix before URL
+ "http://arxiv.org/abs/" 'eprinturl := % prefix to make URL from eprint ref
+ "arXiv:" 'eprintprefix := % text prefix printed before eprint ref
+ "http://dx.doi.org/" 'doiurl := % prefix to make URL from DOI
+ "doi:" 'doiprefix := % text prefix printed before DOI ref
+ #1 'addeprints := % 0=no eprints; 1=include eprints
+ #1 'adddoiresolver := % 0=no DOI resolver; 1=include it
+ #2 'hrefform := % 0=no crossrefs; 1=hypertex xrefs; 2=hyperref refs
+ #1 'inlinelinks := % 0=URLs explicit; 1=URLs attached to titles
+ % the following are internal state variables, not config constants
+ #0 'makeinlinelink := % state variable managed by setup.inlinelink
+ "" 'openinlinelink := % ditto
+ "" 'closeinlinelink := % ditto
+}
+INTEGERS {
+ bracket.state
+ outside.brackets
+ open.brackets
+ within.brackets
+ close.brackets
+}
+% ...urlbst to here
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'outside.brackets := % urlbst
+ #1 'open.brackets :=
+ #2 'within.brackets :=
+ #3 'close.brackets :=
+
+ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+% urlbst
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull.original}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+% urlbst...
+% The following three functions are for handling inlinelink. They wrap
+% a block of text which is potentially output with write$ by multiple
+% other functions, so we don't know the content a priori.
+% They communicate between each other using the variables makeinlinelink
+% (which is true if a link should be made), and closeinlinelink (which holds
+% the string which should close any current link. They can be called
+% at any time, but start.inlinelink will be a no-op unless something has
+% previously set makeinlinelink true, and the two ...end.inlinelink functions
+% will only do their stuff if start.inlinelink has previously set
+% closeinlinelink to be non-empty.
+FUNCTION {setup.inlinelink}
+{ makeinlinelink
+ { hrefform #1 = % hypertex
+ { "\special {html:<a href=" quote$ * url * quote$ * "> }{" * 'openinlinelink :=
+ "\special {html:</a>}" 'closeinlinelink :=
+ }
+ { hrefform #2 = % hyperref
+ { "\href{" url * "}{" * 'openinlinelink :=
+ "}" 'closeinlinelink :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$ % hrefform #2 =
+ }
+ if$ % hrefform #1 =
+ #0 'makeinlinelink :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$ % makeinlinelink
+}
+FUNCTION {add.inlinelink}
+{ openinlinelink empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { openinlinelink swap$ * closeinlinelink *
+ "" 'openinlinelink :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ % Save the thing we've been asked to output
+ 's :=
+ % If the bracket-state is close.brackets, then add a close-bracket to
+ % what is currently at the top of the stack, and set bracket.state
+ % to outside.brackets
+ bracket.state close.brackets =
+ { "]" *
+ outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ bracket.state outside.brackets =
+ { % We're outside all brackets -- this is the normal situation.
+ % Write out what's currently at the top of the stack, using the
+ % original output.nonnull function.
+ s
+ add.inlinelink
+ output.nonnull.original % invoke the original output.nonnull
+ }
+ { % Still in brackets. Add open-bracket or (continuation) comma, add the
+ % new text (in s) to the top of the stack, and move to the close-brackets
+ % state, ready for next time (unless inbrackets resets it). If we come
+ % into this branch, then output.state is carefully undisturbed.
+ bracket.state open.brackets =
+ { " [" * }
+ { ", " * } % bracket.state will be within.brackets
+ if$
+ s *
+ close.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% Call this function just before adding something which should be presented in
+% brackets. bracket.state is handled specially within output.nonnull.
+FUNCTION {inbrackets}
+{ bracket.state close.brackets =
+ { within.brackets 'bracket.state := } % reset the state: not open nor closed
+ { open.brackets 'bracket.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lastchecked}
+{ lastchecked empty$
+ { "" }
+ { inbrackets "cited " lastchecked * }
+ if$
+}
+% ...urlbst to here
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry.original}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+%SP 2003/07/25
+% No longer used
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{ " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+ add.blank
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ skip$ }
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "Eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "Ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "Edition" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "Vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "Ch." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+ #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+ { bbl.th * }
+ { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "1" =
+ { pop$ bbl.st * }
+ { duplicate$ "2" =
+ { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+ { "3" =
+ { bbl.rd * }
+ { bbl.th * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {write.url}
+{ url empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { "\newline\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$
+ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ {
+ namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ {
+ "," *
+ s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+ { 't := }
+ { pop$ }
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { " " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{ format.names }
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+ { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names.ed
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+ { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+ { "" }
+ { note #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "{" =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "l" }
+ { "u" }
+ if$
+ change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+ note #2 global.max$ substring$ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" }
+ { title "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem.original}
+{ newline$
+ "\bibitem{" write$
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in
+ ":" *
+ " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year empty$
+ { month empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
+ month
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { month empty$
+ 'year
+ { month " " * year * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+ " (" swap$ * ")" *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION{format.year}
+{ year duplicate$ empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ pop$ "" }
+ { "(" swap$ * ")" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ "volume and number" number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { bbl.number }
+ { bbl.number capitalize }
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { bbl.in space.word * series * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+ duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+ swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+ "" 's :=
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ duplicate$ is.num
+ { s swap$ * 's := }
+ { pop$ "" 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ s empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$ s }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+ s "first" = s "1" = or
+ { bbl.first 't := }
+ { s "second" = s "2" = or
+ { bbl.second 't := }
+ { s "third" = s "3" = or
+ { bbl.third 't := }
+ { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+ { bbl.fourth 't := }
+ { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+ { bbl.fifth 't := }
+ { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+ { s eng.ord 't := }
+ { edition 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+ { "" }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+ { convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+ { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ {
+ " " *
+ format.year * " " *
+ pages n.dashify *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+%SP 2001/01/23
+% Only used in articles
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{
+%SP 2001/01/23
+% Add the leading space only if there is a volume
+ % volume field.or.null
+ " "
+ volume empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { volume * }
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ "~(" number * ")" * *
+ volume empty$
+ { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ { "" }
+ { type empty$
+ { bbl.chapter }
+ { type "l" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { word.in booktitle * }
+ { word.in format.in.editors * ", " *
+ booktitle * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+ month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+ and and and and and
+ { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$
+ type "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { bbl.techrep }
+ 'type
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { "t" change.case$ }
+ { number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+ key empty$
+ { journal empty$
+ { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
+ warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { word.in journal emphasize * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { word.in key * " " *}
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ editor num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { bbl.and space.word * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ word.in
+ }
+ { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
+ bbl.of space.word *
+ }
+ if$
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { series empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ "" *
+ }
+ { series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { key * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.crossref.editor * }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { booktitle empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { word.in booktitle * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { word.in key * " " *}
+ if$
+ }
+ { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ year empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ address empty$ t empty$ and
+ year empty$ and
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ t empty$
+ { address empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { address * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t *
+ address empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * address * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ year empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { t empty$ address empty$ and
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * }
+ if$
+ year *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher empty$
+ { "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { publisher }
+ if$
+ format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization empty$
+ { "" }
+ { organization }
+ if$
+ format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+% urlbst...
+% Functions for making hypertext links.
+% In all cases, the stack has (link-text href-url)
+%
+% make 'null' specials
+FUNCTION {make.href.null}
+{
+ pop$
+}
+% make hypertex specials
+FUNCTION {make.href.hypertex}
+{
+ "\special {html:<a href=" quote$ *
+ swap$ * quote$ * "> }" * swap$ *
+ "\special {html:</a>}" *
+}
+% make hyperref specials
+FUNCTION {make.href.hyperref}
+{
+ "\href {" swap$ * "} {\path{" * swap$ * "}}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {make.href}
+{ hrefform #2 =
+ 'make.href.hyperref % hrefform = 2
+ { hrefform #1 =
+ 'make.href.hypertex % hrefform = 1
+ 'make.href.null % hrefform = 0 (or anything else)
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% If inlinelinks is true, then format.url should be a no-op, since it's
+% (a) redundant, and (b) could end up as a link-within-a-link.
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ inlinelinks #1 = url empty$ or
+ { "" }
+ { hrefform #1 =
+ { % special case -- add HyperTeX specials
+ urlintro "\url{" url * "}" * url make.href.hypertex * }
+ { urlintro "\url{" * url * "}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.eprint}
+{ eprint empty$
+ { "" }
+ { eprintprefix eprint * eprinturl eprint * make.href }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.doi}
+{ doi empty$
+ { "" }
+ { doiprefix doi * doiurl doi * make.href }
+ if$
+}
+
+% Output a URL. We can't use the more normal idiom (something like
+% `format.url output'), because the `inbrackets' within
+% format.lastchecked applies to everything between calls to `output',
+% so that `format.url format.lastchecked * output' ends up with both
+% the URL and the lastchecked in brackets.
+FUNCTION {output.url}
+{ url empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { new.block
+ format.url output
+ format.lastchecked output
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.web.refs}
+{
+ new.block
+ output.url
+ addeprints eprint empty$ not and
+ { format.eprint output.nonnull }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ adddoiresolver doi empty$ not and
+ { format.doi output.nonnull }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+% Wrapper for output.bibitem.original.
+% If the URL field is not empty, set makeinlinelink to be true,
+% so that an inline link will be started at the next opportunity
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ outside.brackets 'bracket.state :=
+ output.bibitem.original
+ inlinelinks url empty$ not and
+ { #1 'makeinlinelink := }
+ { #0 'makeinlinelink := }
+ if$
+}
+
+% Wrapper for fin.entry.original
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ output.web.refs % urlbst
+ makeinlinelink % ooops, it appears we didn't have a title for inlinelink
+ { setup.inlinelink % add some artificial link text here, as a fallback
+ "[link]" output.nonnull }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ bracket.state close.brackets = % urlbst
+ { "]" * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ fin.entry.original
+}
+
+% Webpage entry type.
+% Title and url fields required;
+% author, note, year, month, and lastchecked fields optional
+% See references
+% ISO 690-2 http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/iso/tc46sc9/standard/690-2e.htm
+% http://www.classroom.net/classroom/CitingNetResources.html
+% http://neal.ctstateu.edu/history/cite.html
+% http://www.cas.usf.edu/english/walker/mla.html
+% for citation formats for web pages.
+FUNCTION {webpage}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ 'skip$ % author and editor both optional
+ { format.editors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor empty$
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ { "can't use both author and editor fields in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ inbrackets "online" output
+ new.block
+ year empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { format.date "year" output.check }
+ if$
+ % We don't need to output the URL details ('lastchecked' and 'url'),
+ % because fin.entry does that for us, using output.web.refs. The only
+ % reason we would want to put them here is if we were to decide that
+ % they should go in front of the rather miscellaneous information in 'note'.
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+% ...urlbst to here
+
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal
+ "journal" output.check
+%SP 2001/01/23
+% Add the space in format.vol.num.pages
+ % add.blank
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+ format.vol.num.pages output
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.journal.pages
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ {
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ howpublished output
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ {
+ format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ }
+ {
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.edition output
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ publisher empty$
+ { format.organization.address output }
+ { organization output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+%SP 2001/01/23
+% format.pages output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+%SP 2001/01/23
+% format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+%SP 2001/01/23
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { organization output.nonnull
+ address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ {
+ address output
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ {
+ organization output
+ address output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ format.note output
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title output
+ howpublished output
+ format.note output
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+ empty.misc.check
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ editor empty$
+ { organization output }
+ { format.editors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ editor empty$
+ { publisher empty$
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { publisher empty$
+ {
+ format.organization.address output }
+ {
+ organization output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ format.note output
+% format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ institution "institution" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ title empty$ 'skip$ 'setup.inlinelink if$ % urlbst
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ format.note "note" output.check
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+READ
+
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+ #1 'number.label :=
+ #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+ number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+ label width$ longest.label.width >
+ { label 'longest.label :=
+ label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" *
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax"
+ write$ newline$
+ " \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname href\endcsname\relax"
+ write$ newline$
+ " \def\href#1#2{#2} \def\path#1{#1}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.urlbst.variables}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%</num>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*numnames>
+%%
+%% This is file `elsearticle-num-names.bst',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% merlin.mbs (with options: `head,exlang,ay,nat,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-jnl,dt-end,atit-u,jttl-rm,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,num-xser,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,bkpg-x,isbn,issn,doi,edpar,bkedcap,blk-com,in-col,english,ppx,ed,abr,xedn,varand,xand,url,url-blk,bibinfo,nfss,,{}')
+%% english.mbs (with options: `exlang,ay,nat,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-jnl,dt-end,atit-u,jttl-rm,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,num-xser,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,bkpg-x,isbn,issn,doi,edpar,bkedcap,blk-com,in-col,english,ppx,ed,abr,xedn,varand,xand,url,url-blk,bibinfo,nfss,,{}')
+%% merlin.mbs (with options: `tail,exlang,ay,nat,seq-no,nm-init,ed-au,dt-jnl,dt-end,atit-u,jttl-rm,vnum-sp,volp-blk,jdt-p,pp-last,num-xser,jnm-x,btit-rm,bt-rm,bkpg-x,isbn,issn,doi,edpar,bkedcap,blk-com,in-col,english,ppx,ed,abr,xedn,varand,xand,url,url-blk,bibinfo,nfss,,{}')
+%% ----------------------------------------
+%% *** Journal of Sound and Vibration ***
+%%
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+ % ===============================================================
+ % IMPORTANT NOTICE:
+ % This bibliographic style (bst) file has been generated from one or
+ % more master bibliographic style (mbs) files, listed above.
+ %
+ % This generated file can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
+ % of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
+ % archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
+ % version 1 of the License, or any later version.
+ % ===============================================================
+ % Name and version information of the main mbs file:
+ % \ProvidesFile{merlin.mbs}[2004/02/09 4.13 (PWD, AO, DPC)]
+ % For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ doi
+ edition
+ editor
+ eid
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ isbn
+ issn
+ journal
+ key
+ month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ url
+ volume
+ year
+ }
+ {}
+ { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+STRINGS { s t}
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{ " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+ skip$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.prefix}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+ % Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ % Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ %-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ % Begin module:
+ % \ProvidesFile{english.mbs}[2003/11/06 4.2 (PWD)]
+
+ % The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "edn." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "chap." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+ % End module: english.mbs
+%% Copyright 1994-2004 Patrick W Daly
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.check}
+{ swap$
+ duplicate$ missing$
+ {
+ pop$ pop$
+ ""
+ }
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ {
+ swap$ pop$
+ }
+ { swap$
+ "\bibinfo{" swap$ * "}{" * swap$ * "}" *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {bibinfo.warn}
+{ swap$
+ duplicate$ missing$
+ {
+ swap$ "missing " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$ pop$
+ ""
+ }
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ {
+ swap$ "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
+ }
+ { swap$
+ "\bibinfo{" swap$ * "}{" * swap$ * "}" *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.url}
+{ url empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+STRINGS { bibinfo}
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 'bibinfo :=
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$ {
+ 's :=
+ "" 't :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}"
+ format.name$
+ bibinfo bibinfo.check
+ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ {
+ namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ {
+ "," *
+ s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+ { 't := }
+ { pop$ }
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { " " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+ } if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{
+ format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+ { key field.or.null }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author "author" format.names
+}
+FUNCTION {get.bbl.editor}
+{ editor num.names$ #1 > 'bbl.editors 'bbl.editor if$ }
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor "editor" format.names duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ {
+ " " *
+ get.bbl.editor
+ capitalize
+ "(" swap$ * ")" *
+ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.isbn}
+{ isbn "isbn" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ {
+ "ISBN " swap$ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.issn}
+{ issn "issn" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ {
+ "ISSN " swap$ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+ FUNCTION {format.doi}
+ { doi "doi" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ {
+ "\doi{" swap$ * "}" *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+
+
+
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+ { "" }
+ { note #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "{" =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "l" }
+ { "u" }
+ if$
+ change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+ note #2 global.max$ substring$ * "note" bibinfo.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title
+ "title" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.full.names}
+{'s :=
+ "" 't :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ {
+ namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ {
+ s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+ { 't := }
+ { pop$ }
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ {
+ numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ bbl.and
+ space.word * t *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.full.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {make.full.names}
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.key.full
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.key.full
+ 'author.key.full
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+ "\bibitem[{" write$
+ label write$
+ ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
+ { pop$ }
+ { * }
+ if$
+ "}]{" * write$
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in
+ ":" *
+ " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+ {
+ "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
+ pop$ "????"
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ extra.label *
+}
+FUNCTION{format.year}
+{ year "year" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ *
+ "; set to ????" *
+ warning$
+ pop$ "????"
+ }
+ {
+ }
+ if$
+ extra.label *
+ "(" swap$ * ")" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title "title" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ {
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.prefix
+ "volume" bibinfo.check * *
+ series "series" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+ { swap$ bbl.of space.word * swap$
+ emphasize * }
+ if$
+ "volume and number" number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { series empty$
+ { number "number" bibinfo.check }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { bbl.number }
+ { bbl.number capitalize }
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.prefix "number" bibinfo.check * *
+ bbl.in space.word *
+ series "series" bibinfo.check *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ {
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "l" }
+ { "t" }
+ if$ change.case$
+ "edition" bibinfo.check
+ " " * bbl.edition *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ multi.page.check
+ {
+ n.dashify
+ }
+ {
+ }
+ if$
+ "pages" bibinfo.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+ { swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ pop$ format.pages }
+ {
+ " " *
+ format.year * " " *
+ swap$
+ n.dashify
+ "pages" bibinfo.check
+ *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.journal.eid}
+{ eid "eid" bibinfo.check
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+ { swap$ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ {
+ " " *
+ }
+ if$
+ swap$ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+ duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ {
+ "volume" bibinfo.check
+ }
+ if$
+ number "number" bibinfo.check duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ {
+ swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+ { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ swap$
+ "~(" swap$ * ")" *
+ }
+ if$ *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ { "" }
+ { type empty$
+ { bbl.chapter }
+ { type "l" change.case$
+ "type" bibinfo.check
+ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.prefix
+ "chapter" bibinfo.check
+ * *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.booktitle}
+{
+ booktitle "booktitle" bibinfo.check
+}
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ format.booktitle duplicate$ empty$ 'skip$
+ {
+ editor "editor" format.names.ed duplicate$ empty$ 'pop$
+ {
+ " " *
+ get.bbl.editor
+ capitalize
+ "(" swap$ * "), " *
+ * swap$
+ * }
+ if$
+ word.in swap$ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { swap$ pop$
+ "t" change.case$ "type" bibinfo.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ number "number" bibinfo.check
+ type duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ bbl.techrep }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ "type" bibinfo.check
+ swap$ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "t" change.case$ }
+ { tie.or.space.prefix * * }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+ word.in
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume duplicate$ empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ pop$ word.in
+ }
+ { bbl.volume
+ swap$ tie.or.space.prefix "volume" bibinfo.check * * bbl.of space.word *
+ }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+ word.in
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ address empty$ t empty$ and
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ t empty$
+ { address "address" bibinfo.check *
+ }
+ { t *
+ address empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * address "address" bibinfo.check * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher "publisher" bibinfo.warn format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization "organization" bibinfo.check format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ {
+ journal
+ "journal" bibinfo.check
+ "journal" output.check
+ add.blank
+ format.vol.num.pages output
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ eid empty$
+ { format.journal.pages }
+ { format.journal.eid }
+ if$
+ format.issn output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ {
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ format.isbn output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+ address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.isbn output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ {
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ format.number.series output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ {
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.isbn output }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ format.edition output
+ format.isbn output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ publisher empty$
+ { format.organization.address output }
+ { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.isbn output
+ format.issn output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.edition output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+ address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ format.title output
+ howpublished "howpublished" bibinfo.check output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.btitle
+ "title" output.check
+ bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" bibinfo.warn output
+ address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.editors output
+ editor format.key output
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ publisher empty$
+ { format.organization.address output }
+ { organization "organization" bibinfo.check output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.isbn output
+ format.issn output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.title
+ "title" output.check
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ institution "institution" bibinfo.warn output
+ address "address" bibinfo.check output
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ format.doi output
+ format.url output
+ format.note "note" output.check
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+READ
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+ "l" change.case$
+}
+INTEGERS { len }
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+ { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+ 's
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+ "" 't :=
+ s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ s num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.key.label
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.key.label
+ 'author.key.label
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ 'short.list :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ calc.short.authors
+ short.list
+ "("
+ *
+ year duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "????" }
+ { purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ }
+ if$
+ *
+ 'label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ ""
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}"
+ format.name$ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ {
+ " " *
+ namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
+ { "zzzzz" * }
+ { t sortify * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t sortify * }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+ "A " #2
+ "An " #3
+ "The " #4 t chop.word
+ chop.word
+ chop.word
+ sortify
+ #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+INTEGERS { seq.num }
+FUNCTION {init.seq}
+{ #0 'seq.num :=}
+EXECUTE {init.seq}
+FUNCTION {int.to.fix}
+{ "000000000" swap$ int.to.str$ *
+ #-1 #10 substring$
+}
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ calc.label
+ label sortify
+ " "
+ *
+ seq.num #1 + 'seq.num :=
+ seq.num int.to.fix
+ 'sort.label :=
+ sort.label
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+SORT
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+ "" 'next.extra :=
+ #0 'last.extra.num :=
+ #0 'number.label :=
+}
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+ { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+ last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+ }
+ { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+ "" 'extra.label :=
+ label 'last.label :=
+ }
+ if$
+ number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+}
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+ { "a" 'extra.label := }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ extra.label 'next.extra :=
+ extra.label
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
+ if$
+ 'extra.label :=
+ label extra.label * 'label :=
+}
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+ " "
+ *
+ year field.or.null sortify
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+SORT
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\natexlab}[1]{#1}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\url}[1]{\texttt{#1}}"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\urlprefix}{URL }"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlstyle\endcsname\relax"
+ write$ newline$
+ " \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}#1}\else"
+ write$ newline$
+ " \providecommand{\doi}[1]{doi:\discretionary{}{}{}\begingroup \urlstyle{rm}\url{#1}\endgroup}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\providecommand{\bibinfo}[2]{#2}"
+ write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `elsearticle-num-names.bst'.
+%</numnames>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*harvard>
+
+ %%-------------------------------------------------------------------
+ %% This bibliography style file is intended for texts in ENGLISH
+ %% This is an author-year citation style bibliography. As such, it is
+ %% non-standard LaTeX, and requires a special package file
+ %% to function properly.
+ %% Such a package is natbib.sty by Patrick W. Daly
+ %% The form of the \bibitem entries is
+ %% \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...
+ %% \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Smith]{key}...
+ %% The essential feature is that the label (the part in brackets) consists
+ %% of the author names, as they should appear in the citation, with the year
+ %% in parentheses following. There must be no space before the opening
+ %% parenthesis!
+ %% With natbib v5.3, a full list of authors may also follow the year.
+ %% In natbib.sty, it is possible to define the type of enclosures that is
+ %% really wanted (brackets or parentheses), but in either case, there must
+ %% be parentheses in the label.
+ %% The \cite command functions as follows:
+ %% \citet{key} ==>> Jones et al. (1990)
+ %% \citet*{key} ==>> Jones, Baker, and Smith (1990)
+ %% \citep{key} ==>> (Jones et al., 1990)
+ %% \citep*{key} ==>> (Jones, Baker, and Smith, 1990)
+ %% \citep[chap. 2]{key} ==>> (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
+ %% \citep[e.g.][]{key} ==>> (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)
+ %% \citep[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>> (e.g. Jones et al., p. 32)
+ %% \citeauthor{key} ==>> Jones et al.
+ %% \citeauthor*{key} ==>> Jones, Baker, and Smith
+ %% \citeyear{key} ==>> 1990
+ %%---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ journal
+ key
+ month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ url
+ volume
+ year
+ }
+ {}
+ { label extra.label sort.label short.list }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+%%SP 2003/07/25
+%% No longer used
+FUNCTION {add.blank}
+{ " " * before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {date.block}
+{
+ new.sentence
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ skip$ }
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ "u" change.case$ "t" change.case$ }
+
+FUNCTION {space.word}
+{ " " swap$ * " " * }
+
+ %% Here are the language-specific definitions for explicit words.
+ %% Each function has a name bbl.xxx where xxx is the English word.
+ %% The language selected here is ENGLISH
+FUNCTION {bbl.and}
+{ "and"}
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.etal}
+{ "et~al." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editors}
+{ "Eds." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.editor}
+{ "Ed." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edby}
+{ "edited by" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.edition}
+{ "Edition" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.volume}
+{ "Vol." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.of}
+{ "of" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.number}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nr}
+{ "no." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.in}
+{ "in" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.pages}
+{ "pp." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.page}
+{ "p." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.chapter}
+{ "Ch." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.techrep}
+{ "Tech. Rep." }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.mthesis}
+{ "Master's thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.phdthesis}
+{ "Ph.D. thesis" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.first}
+{ "1st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.second}
+{ "2nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.third}
+{ "3rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fourth}
+{ "4th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.fifth}
+{ "5th" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.st}
+{ "st" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.nd}
+{ "nd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.rd}
+{ "rd" }
+
+FUNCTION {bbl.th}
+{ "th" }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"Jun."}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"Jul."}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"Sep."}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}
+
+FUNCTION {eng.ord}
+{ duplicate$ "1" swap$ *
+ #-2 #1 substring$ "1" =
+ { bbl.th * }
+ { duplicate$ #-1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "1" =
+ { pop$ bbl.st * }
+ { duplicate$ "2" =
+ { pop$ bbl.nd * }
+ { "3" =
+ { bbl.rd * }
+ { bbl.th * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}
+
+FUNCTION {write.url}
+{ url empty$
+ { skip$ }
+ { "\newline\urlprefix\url{" url * "}" * write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$
+ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ {
+ namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ {
+ "," *
+ s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+ { 't := }
+ { pop$ }
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { " " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
+{ format.names }
+FUNCTION {format.key}
+{ empty$
+ { key field.or.null }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+ { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names.ed
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { " (" * bbl.editors * ")" * }
+ { " (" * bbl.editor * ")" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.note}
+{
+ note empty$
+ { "" }
+ { note #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "{" =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "l" }
+ { "u" }
+ if$
+ change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+ note #2 global.max$ substring$ *
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" }
+ { title "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.full.names}
+{'s :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ {
+ namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ {
+ numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ s nameptr "{ll}" format.name$ duplicate$ "others" =
+ { 't := }
+ { pop$ }
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { bbl.and
+ space.word * t *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.full.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.full}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.full.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {make.full.names}
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.key.full
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.key.full
+ 'author.key.full
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+ "\bibitem[{" write$
+ label write$
+ ")" make.full.names duplicate$ short.list =
+ { pop$ }
+ { * }
+ if$
+ "}]{" * write$
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{
+ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {word.in}
+{ bbl.in capitalize
+ ":" *
+ " " * }
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year duplicate$ empty$
+ { "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$
+ pop$ "????" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ month empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { month
+ " " * swap$ *
+ }
+ if$
+ extra.label *
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+ ", " swap$ *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { bbl.volume volume tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { bbl.of space.word * series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ "volume and number" number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { bbl.number }
+ { bbl.number capitalize }
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { bbl.in space.word * series * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {is.num}
+{ chr.to.int$
+ duplicate$ "0" chr.to.int$ < not
+ swap$ "9" chr.to.int$ > not and
+}
+
+FUNCTION {extract.num}
+{ duplicate$ 't :=
+ "" 's :=
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ duplicate$ is.num
+ { s swap$ * 's := }
+ { pop$ "" 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ s empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$ s }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {convert.edition}
+{ edition extract.num "l" change.case$ 's :=
+ s "first" = s "1" = or
+ { bbl.first 't := }
+ { s "second" = s "2" = or
+ { bbl.second 't := }
+ { s "third" = s "3" = or
+ { bbl.third 't := }
+ { s "fourth" = s "4" = or
+ { bbl.fourth 't := }
+ { s "fifth" = s "5" = or
+ { bbl.fifth 't := }
+ { s #1 #1 substring$ is.num
+ { s eng.ord 't := }
+ { edition 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ t
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+ { "" }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { convert.edition "l" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+ { convert.edition "t" change.case$ " " * bbl.edition * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { bbl.pages pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+ { bbl.page pages tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.journal.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ {
+ ", " *
+ pages n.dashify *
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+%% Only used in articles
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+%% Add the leading space only if there is a volume
+ %% volume field.or.null
+ " "
+ volume empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { volume * }
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ "~(" number * ")" * *
+ volume empty$
+ { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ { "" }
+ { type empty$
+ { bbl.chapter }
+ { type "l" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { word.in booktitle * }
+ { word.in format.in.editors * ", " *
+ booktitle * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$
+ type "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { bbl.techrep }
+ 'type
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { "t" change.case$ }
+ { number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{
+ word.in
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ word.in
+ }
+ { bbl.volume capitalize
+ volume tie.or.space.connect
+ bbl.of space.word *
+ }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{
+ word.in
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.org.or.pub}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ address empty$ t empty$ and
+ 'skip$
+ {
+ t empty$
+ { address empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { address * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t *
+ address empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * address * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.publisher.address}
+{ publisher empty$
+ { "empty publisher in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { publisher }
+ if$
+ format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.organization.address}
+{ organization empty$
+ { "" }
+ { organization }
+ if$
+ format.org.or.pub
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal
+ "journal" output.check
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+%% Add the space in format.vol.num.pages
+ %% add.blank
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+ format.vol.num.pages output
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.journal.pages
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.edition output
+ new.sentence
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ {
+ new.sentence
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ howpublished output
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
+ editor format.key output
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ {
+ format.edition output
+ new.sentence
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ format.publisher.address output
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ }
+ {
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.edition output
+ new.sentence
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ format.publisher.address output
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.edition output
+ new.sentence
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher empty$
+ { format.organization.address output }
+ { organization output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+%% format.pages output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+%% format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+%%SP 2001/01/23
+ format.pages "pages" output.check
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ organization output
+ address output
+ format.edition output
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ bbl.mthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ author format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.title output
+ new.sentence
+ howpublished output
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ bbl.phdthesis format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.editors output
+ editor format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher empty$
+ { format.organization.address output }
+ { organization output
+ format.publisher.address output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ institution "institution" output.check
+ address output
+ format.note output
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ author format.key output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ date.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ format.note "note" output.check
+ fin.entry
+ write.url
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+READ
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+ "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+ { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+ 's
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+ s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ s num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ {
+ " " * bbl.etal *
+ }
+ { bbl.and space.word * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+ 'key
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.short.authors}
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.key.label
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.key.label
+ 'author.key.label
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ 'short.list :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ calc.short.authors
+ short.list
+ "("
+ *
+ year duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "????" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ *
+ 'label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ ""
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { s nameptr
+ "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}"
+ format.name$ 't :=
+ nameptr #1 >
+ {
+ " " *
+ namesleft #1 = t "others" = and
+ { "zzzzz" * }
+ { t sortify * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t sortify * }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+ "A " #2
+ "An " #3
+ "The " #4 t chop.word
+ chop.word
+ chop.word
+ sortify
+ #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {presort}
+{ calc.label
+ label sortify
+ " "
+ *
+ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.sort
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.sort
+ 'author.sort
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.label :=
+ sort.label
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+
+SORT
+
+STRINGS { last.label next.extra }
+
+INTEGERS { last.extra.num number.label }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
+ "" 'next.extra :=
+ #0 'last.extra.num :=
+ #0 'number.label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.label label =
+ { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+ last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+ }
+ { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+ "" 'extra.label :=
+ label 'last.label :=
+ }
+ if$
+ number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+ { "a" 'extra.label := }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ extra.label 'next.extra :=
+ extra.label
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { "{\natexlab{" swap$ * "}}" * }
+ if$
+ 'extra.label :=
+ label extra.label * 'label :=
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}
+
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+
+FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
+{ sort.label
+ " "
+ *
+ year field.or.null sortify
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {bib.sort.order}
+
+SORT
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{ preamble$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{" number.label int.to.str$ * "}" *
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname natexlab\endcsname\relax\def\natexlab#1{#1}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname url\endcsname\relax"
+ write$ newline$
+ " \def\url#1{\texttt{#1}}\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+ "\expandafter\ifx\csname urlprefix\endcsname\relax\def\urlprefix{URL }\fi"
+ write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
+%% End of customized bst file
+%%
+%% End of file `elsarticle-harv.bst'.
+%</harvard>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*harvtemplate>
+%% Template article for Elsevier's document class `elsarticle'
+%% with harvard style bibliographic references
+%% SP 2008/03/01
+
+\documentclass[preprint,12pt]{elsarticle}
+
+%% Use the option review to obtain double line spacing
+%% \documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
+
+%% Use the options 1p,twocolumn; 3p; 3p,twocolumn; 5p; or 5p,twocolumn
+%% for a journal layout:
+%% \documentclass[final,1p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,1p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,3p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,5p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+
+%% if you use PostScript figures in your article
+%% use the graphics package for simple commands
+%% \usepackage{graphics}
+%% or use the graphicx package for more complicated commands
+%% \usepackage{graphicx}
+%% or use the epsfig package if you prefer to use the old commands
+%% \usepackage{epsfig}
+
+%% The amssymb package provides various useful mathematical symbols
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+%% The amsthm package provides extended theorem environments
+%% \usepackage{amsthm}
+
+%% The lineno packages adds line numbers. Start line numbering with
+%% \begin{linenumbers}, end it with \end{linenumbers}. Or switch it on
+%% for the whole article with \linenumbers.
+%% \usepackage{lineno}
+
+
+\journal{Nuclear Physics B}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frontmatter}
+
+%% Title, authors and addresses
+
+%% use the tnoteref command within \title for footnotes;
+%% use the tnotetext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the fnref command within \author or \address for footnotes;
+%% use the fntext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the corref command within \author for corresponding author footnotes;
+%% use the cortext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the ead command for the email address,
+%% and the form \ead[url] for the home page:
+%% \title{Title\tnoteref{label1}}
+%% \tnotetext[label1]{}
+%% \author{Name\corref{cor1}\fnref{label2}}
+%% \ead{email address}
+%% \ead[url]{home page}
+%% \fntext[label2]{}
+%% \cortext[cor1]{}
+%% \address{Address\fnref{label3}}
+%% \fntext[label3]{}
+
+\title{}
+
+%% use optional labels to link authors explicitly to addresses:
+%% \author[label1,label2]{}
+%% \address[label1]{}
+%% \address[label2]{}
+
+\author{}
+
+\address{}
+
+\begin{abstract}
+%% Text of abstract
+
+\end{abstract}
+
+\begin{keyword}
+%% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
+
+%% PACS codes here, in the form: \PACS code \sep code
+
+%% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
+%% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)
+
+\end{keyword}
+
+\end{frontmatter}
+
+%% \linenumbers
+
+%% main text
+\section{}
+\label{}
+
+%% The Appendices part is started with the command \appendix;
+%% appendix sections are then done as normal sections
+%% \appendix
+
+%% \section{}
+%% \label{}
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{00}
+
+%% \bibitem{label}
+%% Text of bibliographic item
+
+\bibitem{}
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+%</harvtemplate>
+%<harvtemplate>\end{document}
+
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*numtemplate>
+%% Template article for Elsevier's document class `elsarticle'
+%% with numbered style bibliographic references
+%% SP 2008/03/01
+
+\documentclass[preprint,12pt]{elsarticle}
+
+%% Use the option review to obtain double line spacing
+%% \documentclass[authoryear,preprint,review,12pt]{elsarticle}
+
+%% Use the options 1p,twocolumn; 3p; 3p,twocolumn; 5p; or 5p,twocolumn
+%% for a journal layout:
+%% \documentclass[final,1p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,1p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,3p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,5p,times]{elsarticle}
+%% \documentclass[final,5p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
+
+%% if you use PostScript figures in your article
+%% use the graphics package for simple commands
+%% \usepackage{graphics}
+%% or use the graphicx package for more complicated commands
+%% \usepackage{graphicx}
+%% or use the epsfig package if you prefer to use the old commands
+%% \usepackage{epsfig}
+
+%% The amssymb package provides various useful mathematical symbols
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+%% The amsthm package provides extended theorem environments
+%% \usepackage{amsthm}
+
+%% The lineno packages adds line numbers. Start line numbering with
+%% \begin{linenumbers}, end it with \end{linenumbers}. Or switch it on
+%% for the whole article with \linenumbers.
+%% \usepackage{lineno}
+
+
+\journal{Nuclear Physics B}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frontmatter}
+
+%% Title, authors and addresses
+
+%% use the tnoteref command within \title for footnotes;
+%% use the tnotetext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the fnref command within \author or \address for footnotes;
+%% use the fntext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the corref command within \author for corresponding author footnotes;
+%% use the cortext command for theassociated footnote;
+%% use the ead command for the email address,
+%% and the form \ead[url] for the home page:
+%% \title{Title\tnoteref{label1}}
+%% \tnotetext[label1]{}
+%% \author{Name\corref{cor1}\fnref{label2}}
+%% \ead{email address}
+%% \ead[url]{home page}
+%% \fntext[label2]{}
+%% \cortext[cor1]{}
+%% \address{Address\fnref{label3}}
+%% \fntext[label3]{}
+
+\title{}
+
+%% use optional labels to link authors explicitly to addresses:
+%% \author[label1,label2]{}
+%% \address[label1]{}
+%% \address[label2]{}
+
+\author{}
+
+\address{}
+
+\begin{abstract}
+%% Text of abstract
+
+\end{abstract}
+
+\begin{keyword}
+%% keywords here, in the form: keyword \sep keyword
+
+%% PACS codes here, in the form: \PACS code \sep code
+
+%% MSC codes here, in the form: \MSC code \sep code
+%% or \MSC[2008] code \sep code (2000 is the default)
+
+\end{keyword}
+
+\end{frontmatter}
+
+%% \linenumbers
+
+%% main text
+\section{}
+\label{}
+
+%% The Appendices part is started with the command \appendix;
+%% appendix sections are then done as normal sections
+%% \appendix
+
+%% \section{}
+%% \label{}
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{00}
+
+%% \bibitem{label}
+%% Text of bibliographic item
+
+\bibitem{}
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+%</numtemplate>
+%<numtemplate>\end{document}
+%
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+%
+% \Finale
+\endinput
+
+%%
+%% End of file 'elsarticle.dtx'
+%%
+