diff options
| author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2011-05-13 22:26:53 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2011-05-13 22:26:53 +0000 |
| commit | 7b1412793a9f44a07b9cbd0dd6111f68e0a91e86 (patch) | |
| tree | 1e49134cfd98699b34ccebdfea4f2b3bf8f925cc /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo | |
| parent | ae5426ba24cb178c4e8bb77c4de79f5d04c5512b (diff) | |
latex2e-help-texinfo (13may11)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@22463 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo')
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog | 21 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/Makefile | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS | 7 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/README | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk | 553 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html | 1157 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf | bin | 977098 -> 652706 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi | 185 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt | 542 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml | 187 |
10 files changed, 1528 insertions, 1132 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog index 7150bc8880f..cf991b1b771 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,24 @@ +2011-05-12 Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org> + + * May 2011 release for TeX Live 2011. + + * latex2e.texi (Text symbols): \texttwelveudash is a 2/3 em-dash, + and remove spurious duplicate \textordfeminine entry. + Report from Eric Jablow, 12 Apr 2011 05:17:47. + +2011-05-05 Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org> + + * latex2e.texi (Document templates): Add link to + http://www.howtotex.com/templates. + +2011-05-03 Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org> + + * latex2e.texi (Overview): mention other engines, etc. + (About this document): new node, for bug address, home page, etc. + + * latex2e.texi (Page layout parameters): discuss \linewidth + vs. \columnwidth vs. \textwidth vs. \hsize in more detail. + 2010-09-03 Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org> * latex2e-es.texi: translation to Spanish, from Nacho Pacheco, diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/Makefile index a872dd54621..4b5b0d83d22 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/Makefile +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/Makefile @@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ mostlyclean clean: realclean distclean: clean rm -f $(all) -dist: all - rm -f spanish; ln -s . spanish +dist: + @rm -f spanish; ln -s . spanish tar cvzf latex2e-help-texinfo.tgz \ ChangeLog Makefile NEWS README ltx-help.el \ latex2e.texi $(en_makeinfo_output) latex2e.pdf \ $(addprefix spanish/, latex2e-es.texi $(es_makeinfo_output) latex2e-es.pdf) - rm -f spanish + @rm -f spanish @ls -l latex2e-help-texinfo.tgz diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS index ce72bbb94c2..6ed536f08e7 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS @@ -4,6 +4,13 @@ Public domain. Originally written 1995, Torsten Martinsen. Spanish translation from Nacho Pacheco. ---------------------------------------------------------------- +Changes in May 2011 release: + +Usual bug fixes, additional background info. +TUGboat sample document updated. +Discussion of width parameters. + +---------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in July 2010 release: Usual bug fixes. Added a number of control sequences from ltoutenc that diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/README index 976eef789b6..c459799ad4a 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/README +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/README @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ README for latex2e.texi, aka the latex2e-help-texinfo package. -Public domain. Originally written 2008, Karl Berry. +Public domain. This file originally written 2008, Karl Berry. This project is an attempt to write a reference manual for core LaTeX. It is unofficial and the LaTeX Project members have not reviewed it. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk index a528d109381..7dcf8aa18db 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <!ENTITY latex "LaTeX"> ]> <book id="latex2e.xml" lang="en"> -<title>@LaTeX{}2e reference manual (July 2010)</title> +<title>@LaTeX{}2e reference manual (May 2011)</title> <!-- %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) --> <!-- xx latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, --> @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ <!-- xx mention usrguide --> <!-- xx mention ! float placement, p.15 of usrguide --> <!-- xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ --> +<!-- xx merged permuted-index --> <!-- --> <!-- xx The typeset source2e will have an index with all kernel --> <!-- xx commands, which would be a good start. classes.dtx et al. --> @@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ <bookinfo> <legalnotice> <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version of July 2010. +document preparation system, version of May 2011. </para> <para>This was originally translated from <filename>LATEX.HLP</filename> v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by @@ -37,10 +38,10 @@ Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using <citetitle>Hypertext Help with &latex;</citetitle>, by Sheldon Green, and the <citetitle>&latex; Command Summary</citetitle> (for &latex; 2.09) by L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as -<citetitle>&tex;niques</citetitle> number 10), as reference material (text was not +<citetitle>&tex;niques</citetitle> number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). </para> -<para>Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry. +<para>Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Karl Berry. Copyright © 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. @@ -72,76 +73,103 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. <title>&latex;2e</title> <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version as of July 2010. It is +document preparation system, version as of May 2011. It is intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of &latex; for many years. </para> -<indexterm role="cp"><primary>Knuth, Donald E.</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Lamport, Leslie</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>&latex; Project team</primary></indexterm><para>&latex; is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth's -&tex; typesetting program. &latex; was originally created by Leslie -Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers -(<ulink url="http://latex-project.org">http://latex-project.org</ulink>). The official documentation written -by the &latex; project is available there. Again, the present -document is unofficial and has not been reviewed by the &latex; -maintainers. -</para> </chapter> -<chapter label="1" id="Overview"> +<chapter label="1" id="About-this-document"> <title>Overview of &latex;</title> -<indexterm role="cp"><primary>overview of &latex;</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>&latex; overview</primary></indexterm> -<para>The &latex; command typesets a file of text using the &tex; program -and the &latex; “macro package” for &tex;. To be more specific, -it processes an input file containing the text of a document with -interspersed commands that describe how the text should be formatted. -It produces at least three files as output: +<indexterm role="cp"><primary>Knuth, Donald E.</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Lamport, Leslie</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>&latex; Project team</primary></indexterm><para>The &latex; document preparation system is implemented as a macro +package for Donald E. Knuth's &tex; typesetting program. +&latex; was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now +maintained by a group of volunteers (<ulink url="http://latex-project.org">http://latex-project.org</ulink>). +The official documentation written by the &latex; project is +available from their web site. </para> -<orderedlist numeration="arabic"><listitem> -<para>A main output file, which is one of: +<indexterm role="cp"><primary>bug reporting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>reporting bugs</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary><email>latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</email> email address</primary></indexterm><para>The present document is completely unofficial and has not been +reviewed by the &latex; maintainers. Do not send bug reports or +anything else about this document to them. Instead, please send all +comments to <email>latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</email>. </para> -<orderedlist numeration="arabic"><listitem> -<para>If invoked as <command>latex</command>, a “Device Independent” (<filename>.dvi</filename>) -file. This contains commands that can be translated into commands for -a variety of output devices. You can view such <filename>.dvi</filename> output of -&latex; by using a program such as <command>xdvi</command> (display directly) -or <command>dvips</command> (convert to PostScript). +<para>The home page for this document is +<ulink url="http://home.gna.org/latexrefman">http://home.gna.org/latexrefman</ulink>. That page has links to the +current output in various formats, sources, mailing lists, and other +infrastructure. </para> -</listitem> -<listitem> -<para>If invoked as <command>pdflatex</command>, a “Portable Document Format” + +</chapter> +<chapter label="2" id="Overview"> +<title>Overview of &latex;</title> + +<para>What is &latex;? +</para> +<indexterm role="cp"><primary>overview of &latex;</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>basics of &latex;</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>&latex; overview</primary></indexterm><para>&latex; typesets a file of text using the &tex; program and the +&latex; “macro package” for &tex;. That is, it processes an input +file containing the text of a document with interspersed commands that +describe how the text should be formatted. &latex; files are plain +text that can be written in any reasonable editor. It produces at +least three files as output: +</para> +<orderedlist numeration="arabic"><listitem> +<para>The main output file, which is one of: +</para> +<variablelist><varlistentry><term><literal>.dvi</literal></term> +<listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>.dvi file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>latex command</primary></indexterm><para>If invoked as <command>latex</command>, a “Device Independent” (<filename>.dvi</filename>) +file is produced. This contains commands that can be translated into +commands for virtually any output device. You can view such +<filename>.dvi</filename> output of &latex; by using a program such as +<command>xdvi</command> (display directly), <command>dvips</command> (convert to +PostScript), or <command>dvipdfmx</command> (convert to PDF). +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>.pdf</literal></term> +<listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>.pdf file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>pdf&tex;</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>pdflatex command</primary></indexterm><para>If invoked as <command>pdflatex</command>, a “Portable Document Format” (<filename>.pdf</filename>) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does make the output much larger than the <filename>.dvi</filename> produced from the same document. -</para></listitem> -</orderedlist> -<para>There are other less-common variants of &latex; (and &tex;) as well, -which can produce HTML, XML, and other things. +</para> +<indexterm role="fn"><primary>lualatex command</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Lua&tex;</primary></indexterm><para>If invoked as <command>lualatex</command>, a <filename>.pdf</filename> file is created using +the Lua&tex; engine (<ulink url="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</ulink>). +</para> +<indexterm role="fn"><primary>xelatex command</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Xe&tex;</primary></indexterm><para>If invoked as <command>xelatex</command>, a <filename>.pdf</filename> file is created using +the Xe&tex; engine (<ulink url="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</ulink>). +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist> + +<para>Many other less-common variants of &latex; (and &tex;) exist, which +can produce HTML, XML, and other things. </para> </listitem> <listitem> -<para>A “transcript” or <filename>.log</filename> file that contains summary information and -diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input file. +<indexterm role="cp"><primary>transcript file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>log file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>.log file</primary></indexterm><para>The “transcript” or <filename>.log</filename> file that contains summary +information and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the +input file. </para> </listitem> <listitem> -<para>An “auxiliary” or <filename>.aux</filename> file. This is used by &latex; itself, for -things such as sectioning. +<indexterm role="cp"><primary>auxiliary file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>.aux file</primary></indexterm><para>An “auxiliary” or <filename>.aux</filename> file. This is used by &latex; itself, +for things such as cross-references. </para></listitem> </orderedlist> -<para>A &latex; command begins with the command name, which consists of a -<literal>\</literal> followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a -single non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, <literal>[]</literal>, -are optional while arguments contained in braces, <literal>{}</literal>, are +<para>An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won't try to +list them all. Xxx components? +</para> +<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ character starting commands</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>[...] for optional arguments</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>{...} for required arguments</primary></indexterm><para>In the &latex; input file, a command name starts with a <literal>\</literal>, +followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single +non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, <literal>[]</literal>, are +optional while arguments contained in braces, <literal>{}</literal>, are required. </para> -<para>&latex; is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless +<indexterm role="cp"><primary>case sensitivity of &latex;</primary></indexterm><para>&latex; is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless explicitly directed to do otherwise. </para> </chapter> -<chapter label="2" id="Starting-&-ending"> +<chapter label="3" id="Starting-&-ending"> <title>Starting & ending</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting & ending</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ending & starting</primary></indexterm> @@ -162,7 +190,7 @@ and the <literal>\begin{document}</literal> commands (this area is called the </para> </chapter> -<chapter label="3" id="Document-classes"> +<chapter label="4" id="Document-classes"> <title>Document classes</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>document classes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>classes of documents</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\documentclass</primary></indexterm> @@ -184,7 +212,7 @@ classes are available as add-ons; see <xref linkend="Overview"></xref>): </para> -<sect1 label="3.1" id="Document-class-options"> +<sect1 label="4.1" id="Document-class-options"> <title>Document class options</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>document class options</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>options, document class</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>class options</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>global options</primary></indexterm> @@ -239,7 +267,7 @@ the distance on even (odd) numbered pages between the left side of the page and the text's left margin. The defaults vary with the paper size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For one-sided printing the text is centered, for two-sided, <literal>\oddsidemargin</literal> is -40% of the difference between <literal>\paperwidth</literal> and <literal>\textwidth</literal> +40% of the difference between <literal>\paperwidth</literal> and <literal>\textwidth</literal>, with <literal>\evensidemargin</literal> the remainder. </para> </listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>openright</literal></term> @@ -266,7 +294,7 @@ by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="4" id="Typefaces"> +<chapter label="5" id="Typefaces"> <title>Typefaces</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>typefaces</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>fonts</primary></indexterm> @@ -275,7 +303,7 @@ and a style. The &latex; commands for doing this are described here. </para> -<sect1 label="4.1" id="Font-styles"> +<sect1 label="5.1" id="Font-styles"> <title>Font styles</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>font styles</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>typeface styles</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>styles of text</primary></indexterm> @@ -380,7 +408,7 @@ things. </sect1> -<sect1 label="4.2" id="Font-sizes"> +<sect1 label="5.2" id="Font-sizes"> <title>Font sizes</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>font sizes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>typeface sizes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>sizes of text</primary></indexterm> <para>The following standard type size commands are supported by &latex;. @@ -418,7 +446,7 @@ these commands; for instance, <literal>\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</literal>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="4.3" id="Low-level-font-commands"> +<sect1 label="5.3" id="Low-level-font-commands"> <title>Low-level font commands</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>low-level font commands</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>font commands, low-level</primary></indexterm> <para>These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and @@ -508,14 +536,14 @@ followed by <literal>\selectfont</literal>. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="5" id="Layout"> +<chapter label="6" id="Layout"> <title>Layout</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>layout commands</primary></indexterm> <para>Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page. </para> -<sect1 label="5.1"> +<sect1 label="6.1"> <title><literal>\onecolumn</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\onecolumn</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>one-column output</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\onecolumn</literal> declaration starts a new page and produces @@ -523,7 +551,7 @@ single-column output. This is the default. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="5.2"> +<sect1 label="6.2"> <title><literal>\twocolumn</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\twocolumn</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>multicolumn text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>two-column output</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -573,7 +601,7 @@ and the main text. Default ‘<literal>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</literal>&rsqu </sect1> -<sect1 label="5.3"> +<sect1 label="6.3"> <title><literal>\flushbottom</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\flushbottom</primary></indexterm> @@ -586,7 +614,7 @@ page. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="5.4"> +<sect1 label="6.4"> <title><literal>\raggedbottom</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\raggedbottom</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>stretch, omitting vertical</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\raggedbottom</literal> declaration makes all pages the natural @@ -595,7 +623,7 @@ stretched. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="5.5" id="Page-layout-parameters"> +<sect1 label="6.5" id="Page-layout-parameters"> <title>Page layout parameters</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>page layout parameters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>parameters, page layout</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>layout, page parameters for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>header, parameters for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>footer, parameters for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>running header and footer</primary></indexterm> @@ -615,8 +643,11 @@ the page footer. Default is ‘<literal>30pt</literal>’, except in th class, where it varies with the type size. </para> </listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\linewidth</literal></term> -<listitem><para>Width of the current line; the default varies with the font size, -paper width, two-column mode, etc. For an <literal>article</literal> document in +<listitem><para>Width of the current line, decreased for each nested <literal>list</literal> +(see <xref linkend="list"></xref>). Specifically, it is smaller than <literal>\textwidth</literal> by +the sum of <literal>\leftmargin</literal> and <literal>\rightmargin</literal> +(see <xref linkend="itemize"></xref>). The default varies with the font size, paper +width, two-column mode, etc. For an <literal>article</literal> document in ‘<literal>10pt</literal>’, it's set to ‘<literal>345pt</literal>’; in two-column mode, that becomes ‘<literal>229.5pt</literal>’. </para> @@ -629,11 +660,29 @@ For ‘<literal>11pt</literal>’, it's ‘<literal>38\baselineskip< ‘<literal>36\baselineskip</literal>’. </para> </listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textwidth</literal></term> -<listitem><para>The normal horizontal width of the page body; the default varies as -usual. For an <literal>article</literal> or <literal>report</literal> document, it's +<listitem><para>The full horizontal width of the entire page body; the default varies +as usual. For an <literal>article</literal> or <literal>report</literal> document, it's ‘<literal>345pt</literal>’ at ‘<literal>10pt</literal>’, ‘<literal>360pt</literal>’ at ‘<literal>11pt</literal>’, and ‘<literal>390pt</literal>’ at ‘<literal>12pt</literal>’. For a <literal>book</literal> document, it's -‘<literal>4.5in</literal>’ at ‘<literal>10pt</literal>’, and ‘<literal>5in</literal>’ at ‘<literal>11pt</literal>’ or ‘<literal>12pt</literal>’. +‘<literal>4.5in</literal>’ at ‘<literal>10pt</literal>’, and ‘<literal>5in</literal>’ at ‘<literal>11pt</literal>’ or +‘<literal>12pt</literal>’. +</para> +<para>In multi-column output, <literal>\textwidth</literal> remains the width of the +entire page body, while <literal>\columnwidth</literal> is the width of one column +(see <xref linkend="\twocolumn"></xref>). +</para> +<para>In lists (see <xref linkend="list"></xref>), <literal>\textwidth</literal> remains the width of the +entire page body (and <literal>\columnwidth</literal> the width of the entire +column), while <literal>\linewidth</literal> may decrease for nested lists. +</para> +<para>Inside a minipage (see <xref linkend="minipage"></xref>) or <literal>\parbox</literal> +(see <xref linkend="\parbox"></xref>), all the width-related parameters are set to the +specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of the +<literal>minipage</literal> or <literal>\parbox</literal>. +</para> +<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hsize</primary></indexterm><para>For completeness: <literal>\hsize</literal> is the &tex; primitive parameter used +when text is broken into lines. It should not be used in normal +&latex; documents. </para> </listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\topmargin</literal></term> <listitem><para>Space between the top of the &tex; page (one inch from the top of the @@ -652,7 +701,7 @@ same as the font size, e.g., ‘<literal>10pt</literal>’ at ‘<li </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="6" id="Sectioning"> +<chapter label="7" id="Sectioning"> <title>Sectioning</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>sectioning</primary></indexterm> <para>Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units: @@ -712,7 +761,7 @@ The setting </para> </chapter> -<chapter label="7" id="Cross-references"> +<chapter label="8" id="Cross-references"> <title>Cross references</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>cross references</primary></indexterm> <para>One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer @@ -720,7 +769,7 @@ the reader to them, as in “See Figure 3 for more details.” </para> -<sect1 label="7.1"> +<sect1 label="8.1"> <title><literal>\label</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\label</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -755,7 +804,7 @@ a colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes: </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="7.2"> +<sect1 label="8.2"> <title><literal>\pageref{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\pageref</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>cross referencing with page number</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page number, cross referencing</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -768,7 +817,7 @@ the place in the text where the corresponding </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="7.3"> +<sect1 label="8.3"> <title><literal>\ref{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ref</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>cross referencing, symbolic</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>section number, cross referencing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>equation number, cross referencing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>figure number, cross referencing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnote number, cross referencing</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -783,7 +832,7 @@ such as the word `Section' or `Figure', just the bare number itself. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="8" id="Environments"> +<chapter label="9" id="Environments"> <title>Environments</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>environments</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\begin</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\end</primary></indexterm> @@ -796,7 +845,7 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner: </screen> -<sect1 label="8.1"> +<sect1 label="9.1"> <title><literal>abstract</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>abstract environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>abstracts</primary></indexterm> @@ -809,7 +858,7 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner: </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.2"> +<sect1 label="9.2"> <title><literal>array</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>array environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>arrays, math</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -859,7 +908,7 @@ namely <literal>\arrayrulewidth</literal> and <literal>\arraystretch</literal>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.3"> +<sect1 label="9.3"> <title><literal>center</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>center environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>centering text, environment for</primary></indexterm> @@ -877,7 +926,7 @@ string <literal>\\</literal>. </para> -<sect2 label="8.3.1"> +<sect2 label="9.3.1"> <title><literal>\centering</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\centering</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>centering text, declaration for</primary></indexterm> @@ -904,7 +953,7 @@ second line \\ </sect2> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.4"> +<sect1 label="9.4"> <title><literal>description</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>description environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>labelled lists, creating</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>description lists, creating</primary></indexterm> @@ -931,7 +980,7 @@ plain typewriter}]</literal>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.5"> +<sect1 label="9.5"> <title><literal>displaymath</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>displaymath environment</primary></indexterm> @@ -955,7 +1004,7 @@ equation number, use the <literal>equation</literal> environment (see <xref link </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.6"> +<sect1 label="9.6"> <title><literal>document</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>document environment</primary></indexterm> @@ -964,7 +1013,7 @@ It is required in every &latex; document. See <xref linkend="Starting-&-end </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.7"> +<sect1 label="9.7"> <title><literal>enumerate</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>enumerate environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lists of items, numbered</primary></indexterm> @@ -1011,7 +1060,7 @@ letters: </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.8"> +<sect1 label="9.8"> <title><literal>eqnarray</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>eqnarray environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>equations, aligning</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>aligning Equations</primary></indexterm> @@ -1041,7 +1090,7 @@ zero width. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.9"> +<sect1 label="9.9"> <title><literal>equation</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>equation environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>equations, environment for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>formulas, environment for</primary></indexterm> @@ -1057,7 +1106,7 @@ on the page, and also places an equation number in the right margin. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.10"> +<sect1 label="9.10"> <title><literal>figure</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>figure</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>inserting figures</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>figures, inserting</primary></indexterm> <screen>\begin{figure[*]}[<replaceable>placement</replaceable>] @@ -1145,7 +1194,7 @@ floats; default is ‘<literal>.7</literal>’. </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.11"> +<sect1 label="9.11"> <title><literal>flushleft</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>flushleft environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left-justifying text, environment for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ragged right text, environment for</primary></indexterm> <screen>\begin{flushleft} @@ -1160,7 +1209,7 @@ right Each line must be terminated with the string <literal>\\</literal>. </para> -<sect2 label="8.11.1"> +<sect2 label="9.11.1"> <title><literal>\raggedright</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\raggedright</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ragged right text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left-justifying text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>justification, ragged right</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\raggedright</literal> declaration corresponds to the @@ -1176,7 +1225,7 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit. </sect2> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.12"> +<sect1 label="9.12"> <title><literal>flushright</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>flushright environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ragged left text, environment for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>right-justifying text, environment for</primary></indexterm> <screen>\begin{flushright} @@ -1191,7 +1240,7 @@ left. Each line must be terminated with the string <literal>\\</literal>. </para> -<sect2 label="8.12.1"> +<sect2 label="9.12.1"> <title><literal>\raggedleft</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\raggedleft</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ragged left text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>justification, ragged left</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>right-justifying text</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\raggedleft</literal> declaration corresponds to the @@ -1207,7 +1256,7 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit. </sect2> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.13"> +<sect1 label="9.13"> <title><literal>itemize</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>itemize environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\item</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lists of items</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>unordered lists</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bulleted lists</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -1322,14 +1371,14 @@ see <xref linkend="\parskip"></xref>): </screen> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.14"> +<sect1 label="9.14"> <title><literal>letter</literal> environment: writing letters</title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>letter</primary></indexterm> <para>This environment is used for creating letters. See <xref linkend="Letters"></xref>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.15"> +<sect1 label="9.15"> <title><literal>list</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>list</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lists of items, generic</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>list</literal> environment is a generic environment which is used for @@ -1351,9 +1400,12 @@ label. It can and usually does contain other &latex; commands. spacing parameters for the list. This argument will most often be empty, i.e., <literal>{}</literal>, which leaves the default spacing. </para> +<para>The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by +<literal>\linewidth</literal> (see <xref linkend="Page-layout-parameters"></xref>). +</para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.16"> +<sect1 label="9.16"> <title><literal>math</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>math environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>in-line formulas</primary></indexterm> @@ -1369,7 +1421,7 @@ See <xref linkend="Math-formulas"></xref>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.17"> +<sect1 label="9.17"> <title><literal>minipage</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>minipage environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>minipage, creating a</primary></indexterm> @@ -1401,7 +1453,7 @@ footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.18"> +<sect1 label="9.18"> <title><literal>picture</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>picture</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>creating pictures</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>pictures, creating</primary></indexterm> @@ -1475,7 +1527,7 @@ be the lower left corner of the box. </para> -<sect2 label="8.18.1"> +<sect2 label="9.18.1"> <title><literal>\circle</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\circle</primary></indexterm> <screen>\circle[*]{<replaceable>diameter</replaceable>} @@ -1488,7 +1540,7 @@ draws a solid circle. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.2"> +<sect2 label="9.18.2"> <title><literal>\makebox</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\makebox (picture)</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}</literal> @@ -1518,7 +1570,7 @@ your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.3"> +<sect2 label="9.18.3"> <title><literal>\framebox</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\framebox</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -1535,7 +1587,7 @@ and the contents of the box. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.4"> +<sect2 label="9.18.4"> <title><literal>\dashbox</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\dashbox</primary></indexterm> @@ -1553,7 +1605,7 @@ multiples of the <literal>dlen</literal>. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.5"> +<sect2 label="9.18.5"> <title><literal>\frame</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\frame</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -1566,7 +1618,7 @@ space is put between the frame and the object. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.6"> +<sect2 label="9.18.6"> <title><literal>\line</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\line</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -1583,7 +1635,7 @@ see the <literal>curve2e</literal> and many many other packages on CTAN. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.7"> +<sect2 label="9.18.7"> <title><literal>\linethickness</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\linethickness</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\linethickness{<replaceable>dim</replaceable>}</literal> command declares the thickness @@ -1595,7 +1647,7 @@ circles, or the quarter circles drawn by <literal>\oval</literal>. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.8"> +<sect2 label="9.18.8"> <title><literal>\thicklines</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\thicklines</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\thicklines</literal> command is an alternate line thickness for @@ -1604,7 +1656,7 @@ cf. <xref linkend="\linethickness"></xref> and <xref linkend="\thinlines">< </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.9"> +<sect2 label="9.18.9"> <title><literal>\thinlines</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\thinlines</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\thinlines</literal> command is the default line thickness for @@ -1613,7 +1665,7 @@ cf. <xref linkend="\linethickness"></xref> and <xref linkend="\thicklines"> </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.10"> +<sect2 label="9.18.10"> <title><literal>\multiput</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\multiput</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -1626,7 +1678,7 @@ pattern across a picture. <replaceable>obj</replaceable> is first placed at pos </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.11"> +<sect2 label="9.18.11"> <title><literal>\oval</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\oval</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -1653,7 +1705,7 @@ boxes with rounded corners. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.12"> +<sect2 label="9.18.12"> <title><literal>\put</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\put</primary></indexterm> @@ -1664,7 +1716,7 @@ argument at the given coordinates. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.13"> +<sect2 label="9.18.13"> <title><literal>\shortstack</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\shortstack</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -1686,7 +1738,7 @@ positions are: </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.18.14"> +<sect2 label="9.18.14"> <title><literal>\vector</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\vector</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -1700,7 +1752,7 @@ length and slope. The x and y values must lie between </sect2> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.19"> +<sect1 label="9.19"> <title><literal>quotation</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>quotation</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraph indentations in quoted text</primary></indexterm> @@ -1719,7 +1771,7 @@ normally. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.20"> +<sect1 label="9.20"> <title><literal>quote</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>quote</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</primary></indexterm> @@ -1737,7 +1789,7 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.21"> +<sect1 label="9.21"> <title><literal>tabbing</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>tabbing environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>tab stops, using</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lining text up in columns using tab stops</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>alignment via tabbing</primary></indexterm> @@ -1834,7 +1886,7 @@ function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\ </screen> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.22"> +<sect1 label="9.22"> <title><literal>table</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>table</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>tables, creating</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>creating tables</primary></indexterm> @@ -1864,7 +1916,7 @@ you wish. The <literal>\caption</literal> command allows you to title your tabl </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.23"> +<sect1 label="9.23"> <title><literal>tabular</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>tabular environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lines in tables</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lining text up in tables</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -1984,7 +2036,7 @@ in the <literal>tabular</literal> and <literal>array</literal> environments; def </para> -<sect2 label="8.23.1"> +<sect2 label="9.23.1"> <title><literal>\multicolumn</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\multicolumn</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2009,7 +2061,7 @@ for flushleft, <literal>r</literal> for flushright. The third mandatory argumen </screen> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.23.2"> +<sect2 label="9.23.2"> <title><literal>\cline</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cline</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2022,7 +2074,7 @@ which are specified in the mandatory argument. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.23.3"> +<sect2 label="9.23.3"> <title><literal>\hline</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hline</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\hline</literal> command draws a horizontal line the width of the @@ -2032,7 +2084,7 @@ of a table. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.23.4"> +<sect2 label="9.23.4"> <title><literal>\vline</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\vline</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\vline</literal> command will draw a vertical line extending the full @@ -2043,7 +2095,7 @@ move the line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an </sect2> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.24"> +<sect1 label="9.24"> <title><literal>thebibliography</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>thebibliography</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bibliography, creating (manually)</primary></indexterm> @@ -2072,7 +2124,7 @@ less than 10 references, <literal>99</literal> for ones with less than 100, etc. </para> -<sect2 label="8.24.1"> +<sect2 label="9.24.1"> <title><literal>\bibitem</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\bibitem</primary></indexterm> @@ -2094,7 +2146,7 @@ associated label. </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.24.2"> +<sect2 label="9.24.2"> <title><literal>\cite</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cite</primary></indexterm> @@ -2113,7 +2165,7 @@ citation. For example, <literal>\cite[p.~314]{knuth}</literal> might produce </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.24.3"> +<sect2 label="9.24.3"> <title><literal>\nocite</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nocite</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\nocite{key_list}</literal> @@ -2123,7 +2175,7 @@ which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the <filename>.aux</filename> f </para> </sect2> -<sect2 label="8.24.4" id="Using-BibTeX"> +<sect2 label="9.24.4" id="Using-BibTeX"> <title>Using Bib&tex;</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>using Bib&tex;</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bib&tex;, using</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bibliography, creating (automatically)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\bibliographystyle</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\bibliography</primary></indexterm> @@ -2166,7 +2218,7 @@ Bib&tex; format. Only the entries referred to via <literal>\cite</literal> and </sect2> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.25"> +<sect1 label="9.25"> <title><literal>theorem</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>theorem environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>theorems, typesetting</primary></indexterm> @@ -2183,7 +2235,7 @@ possibilities for <replaceable>n</replaceable> are described under <literal>\new </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.26"> +<sect1 label="9.26"> <title><literal>titlepage</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>titlepage environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>making a title page</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>title pages, creating</primary></indexterm> @@ -2204,7 +2256,7 @@ produce a standard title page without a <literal>titlepage</literal> environment </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.27"> +<sect1 label="9.27"> <title><literal>verbatim</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>verbatim environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>verbatim text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>simulating typed text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>typed text, simulating</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>code, typesetting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>computer programs, typesetting</primary></indexterm> @@ -2223,7 +2275,7 @@ effect that they would on a typewriter. <para>The <literal>verbatim</literal> uses a monospaced typewriter-like font (<literal>\tt</literal>). </para> -<sect2 label="8.27.1"> +<sect2 label="9.27.1"> <title><literal>\verb</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\verb</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>verbatim text, inline</primary></indexterm> @@ -2244,7 +2296,7 @@ verbatim text. The delimiter must not appear in <replaceable>literal-text</repl </sect2> </sect1> -<sect1 label="8.28"> +<sect1 label="9.28"> <title><literal>verse</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>verse environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>poetry, an environment for</primary></indexterm> @@ -2267,7 +2319,7 @@ stanzas. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="9" id="Line-breaking"> +<chapter label="10" id="Line-breaking"> <title>Line breaking</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaking</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>breaking lines</primary></indexterm> <para>The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to @@ -2281,7 +2333,7 @@ some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the </para> -<sect1 label="9.1"> +<sect1 label="10.1"> <title><literal>\\</literal>[*][<replaceable>morespace</replaceable>]</title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\\ force line break</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, starting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line break, forcing</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\\</literal> command tells &latex; to start a new line. It has an @@ -2294,7 +2346,7 @@ except that it tells &latex; not to start a new page after the line. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="9.2"> +<sect1 label="10.2"> <title><literal>\obeycr</literal> & <literal>\restorecr</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\obeycr</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\restorecr</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, output as input</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\obeycr</literal> command makes a return in the input file @@ -2306,7 +2358,7 @@ in the output. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="9.3"> +<sect1 label="10.3"> <title><literal>\newline</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newline</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, starting (paragraph mode)</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\newline</literal> command breaks the line at the present point, with @@ -2315,7 +2367,7 @@ mode. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="9.4"> +<sect1 label="10.4"> <title><literal>\-</literal> (discretionary hyphen)</title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\- (hyphenation)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hyphenation, forcing</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\-</literal> command tells &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at @@ -2331,7 +2383,7 @@ that &latex; might otherwise have chosen. </sect1> -<sect1 label="9.5"> +<sect1 label="10.5"> <title><literal>\fussy</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\fussy</primary></indexterm> <para>The declaration <literal>\fussy</literal> (which is the default) makes &tex; @@ -2343,7 +2395,7 @@ words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="9.6"> +<sect1 label="10.6"> <title><literal>\sloppy</literal></title> <para>The declaration <literal>\sloppy</literal> makes &tex; less fussy about line @@ -2354,7 +2406,7 @@ interword spacing. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="9.7"> +<sect1 label="10.7"> <title><literal>\hyphenation</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hyphenation</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hyphenation, defining</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2372,7 +2424,7 @@ misses the hyphenations in these words): </screen> </sect1> -<sect1 label="9.8"> +<sect1 label="10.8"> <title><literal>\linebreak</literal> & <literal>\nolinebreak</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\linebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nolinebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaks, forcing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaks, preventing</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopses: @@ -2392,7 +2444,7 @@ from a demand to a request. The <replaceable>priority</replaceable> must be a n </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="10" id="Page-breaking"> +<chapter label="11" id="Page-breaking"> <title>Page breaking</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>page breaking</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>breaking pages</primary></indexterm> <para>&latex; starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has @@ -2401,7 +2453,7 @@ but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks. </para> -<sect1 label="10.1"> +<sect1 label="11.1"> <title><literal>\cleardoublepage</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cleardoublepage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting on a right-hand page</primary></indexterm> @@ -2412,7 +2464,7 @@ In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="10.2"> +<sect1 label="11.2"> <title><literal>\clearpage</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\clearpage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>flushing floats and starting a page</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting a new page and clearing floats</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\clearpage</literal> command ends the current page and causes all @@ -2420,7 +2472,7 @@ figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="10.3"> +<sect1 label="11.3"> <title><literal>\newpage</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newpage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new page, starting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting a new page</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\newpage</literal> command ends the current page, but does not clear @@ -2428,7 +2480,7 @@ floats (see <literal>\clearpage</literal> above). </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="10.4"> +<sect1 label="11.4"> <title><literal>\enlargethispage</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\enlargethispage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>enlarge current page</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\enlargethispage{size}</literal> @@ -2445,7 +2497,7 @@ much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="10.5"> +<sect1 label="11.5"> <title><literal>\pagebreak</literal> & <literal>\nopagebreak</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\pagebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nopagebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page break, forcing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page break, preventing</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopses: @@ -2466,7 +2518,7 @@ insistent the request is. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="11" id="Footnotes"> +<chapter label="12" id="Footnotes"> <title>Footnotes</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnotes, creating</primary></indexterm> <para>Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced @@ -2476,7 +2528,7 @@ produced with two commands, the <literal>\footnotemark</literal> and the </para> -<sect1 label="11.1"> +<sect1 label="12.1"> <title><literal>\footnote</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\footnote</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2494,7 +2546,7 @@ tables or in a <literal>tabular</literal> environment. (See following sections. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="11.2"> +<sect1 label="12.2"> <title><literal>\footnotemark</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\footnotemark</primary></indexterm> <para>With no optional argument, the <literal>\footnotemark</literal> command puts the @@ -2511,7 +2563,7 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="11.3"> +<sect1 label="12.3"> <title><literal>\footnotetext</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\footnotetext</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2527,7 +2579,7 @@ appear in outer paragraph mode. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="11.4" id="Symbolic-footnotes"> +<sect1 label="12.4" id="Symbolic-footnotes"> <title>Symbolic footnotes</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered</primary></indexterm><para>If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing @@ -2542,7 +2594,7 @@ redefine <literal>\@fnsymbol</literal>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="11.5" id="Footnote-parameters"> +<sect1 label="12.5" id="Footnote-parameters"> <title>Footnote parameters</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnote parameters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>parameters, for footnotes</primary></indexterm> @@ -2564,7 +2616,7 @@ footnotes. This is ‘<literal>6.65pt</literal>’ for ‘<literal> </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="12" id="Definitions"> +<chapter label="13" id="Definitions"> <title>Definitions</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>definitions</primary></indexterm> <para>&latex; has support for making new commands of many different kinds. @@ -2573,7 +2625,7 @@ footnotes. This is ‘<literal>6.65pt</literal>’ for ‘<literal> -<sect1 label="12.1"> +<sect1 label="13.1"> <title><literal>\newcommand</literal> & <literal>\renewcommand</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newcommand</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>commands, defining new ones</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining a new command</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new commands, defining</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\newcommand</literal> and <literal>\renewcommand</literal> define and redefine a @@ -2608,9 +2660,10 @@ text of the <replaceable>n</replaceable>th argument. </para> </listitem></varlistentry></variablelist> +<!-- xx \providecommand, * form (non-\long) --> </sect1> -<sect1 label="12.2"> +<sect1 label="13.2"> <title><literal>\newcounter</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newcounter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, defining new</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2627,7 +2680,7 @@ will be reset whenever <replaceable>countername</replaceable> is incremented. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="12.3"> +<sect1 label="13.3"> <title><literal>\newlength</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newlength</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, defining new</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2644,7 +2697,7 @@ for more information about lengths in general. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="12.4"> +<sect1 label="13.4"> <title><literal>\newsavebox</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newsavebox</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2656,7 +2709,7 @@ defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="12.5"> +<sect1 label="13.5"> <title><literal>\newenvironment</literal> & <literal>\renewenvironment</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newenvironment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\renewenvironment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>environments, defining</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining new environments</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>redefining environments</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopses: @@ -2695,7 +2748,7 @@ may not contain any argument parameters. </sect1> -<sect1 label="12.6"> +<sect1 label="13.6"> <title><literal>\newtheorem</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newtheorem</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>theorems, defining</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining new theorems</primary></indexterm> <screen>\newtheorem{<replaceable>newenv</replaceable>}{<replaceable>label</replaceable>}[<replaceable>within</replaceable>] @@ -2727,7 +2780,7 @@ not both. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="12.7"> +<sect1 label="13.7"> <title><literal>\newfont</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newfont</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>fonts, new commands for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining new fonts</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2743,7 +2796,7 @@ More commonly, fonts are defined in families through <filename>.fd</filename> fi </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="12.8"> +<sect1 label="13.8"> <title><literal>\protect</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\protect</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>fragile commands</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>moving arguments</primary></indexterm><para>Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and @@ -2770,7 +2823,7 @@ be preceded by <literal>\protect</literal>. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="13" id="Counters"> +<chapter label="14" id="Counters"> <title>Counters</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, a list of</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>variables, a list of</primary></indexterm> <para>Everything &latex; numbers for you has a counter associated with @@ -2788,7 +2841,7 @@ subsubsection </screen> -<sect1 label="13.1"> +<sect1 label="14.1"> <title><literal>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</literal>: Printing counters</title> <para>All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for @@ -2822,7 +2875,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger </sect1> -<sect1 label="13.2"> +<sect1 label="14.2"> <title><literal>\usecounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\usecounter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>list items, specifying counter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>numbered items, specifying counter</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2835,7 +2888,7 @@ the list items. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="13.3"> +<sect1 label="14.3"> <title><literal>\value{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\value</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, getting value of</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2851,7 +2904,7 @@ be used anywhere &latex; expects a number, for example: </screen> </sect1> -<sect1 label="13.4"> +<sect1 label="14.4"> <title><literal>\setcounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}{<replaceable>value</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\setcounter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, setting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>setting counters</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -2863,7 +2916,7 @@ be used anywhere &latex; expects a number, for example: </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="13.5"> +<sect1 label="14.5"> <title><literal>\addtocounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}{<replaceable>value</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addtocounter</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\addtocounter</literal> command increments <replaceable>counter</replaceable> by the @@ -2871,7 +2924,7 @@ amount specified by the <replaceable>value</replaceable> argument, which may be </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="13.6"> +<sect1 label="14.6"> <title><literal>\refstepcounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\refstepcounter</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\refstepcounter</literal> command works in the same way as @@ -2880,7 +2933,7 @@ current <literal>\ref</literal> value to be the result of <literal>\thecounter</ </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="13.7"> +<sect1 label="14.7"> <title><literal>\stepcounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\stepcounter</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\stepcounter</literal> command adds one to <replaceable>counter</replaceable> and @@ -2888,7 +2941,7 @@ resets all subsidiary counters. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="13.8"> +<sect1 label="14.8"> <title><literal>\day \month \year</literal>: Predefined counters</title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\day</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\month</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\year</primary></indexterm> <para>&latex; defines counters for the day of the month (<literal>\day</literal>, @@ -2903,7 +2956,7 @@ current day (see <xref linkend="\today"></xref>). </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="14" id="Lengths"> +<chapter label="15" id="Lengths"> <title>Lengths</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, defining and using</primary></indexterm> <para>A <literal>length</literal> is a measure of distance. Many &latex; commands take a @@ -2911,7 +2964,7 @@ length as an argument. </para> -<sect1 label="14.1"> +<sect1 label="15.1"> <title><literal>\setlength{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>value</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\setlength</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, setting</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\setlength</literal> sets the value of <replaceable>\len</replaceable> to the <replaceable>value</replaceable> @@ -2921,7 +2974,7 @@ understands, i.e., inches (<literal>in</literal>), millimeters (<literal>mm</lit </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="14.2"> +<sect1 label="15.2"> <title>\addtolength{<replaceable>\len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>amount</replaceable>}</title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addtolength</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, adding to</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\addtolength</literal> command increments a “length command” @@ -2930,7 +2983,7 @@ may be negative. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="14.3"> +<sect1 label="15.3"> <title><literal>\settodepth</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\settodepth</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\settodepth{\gnat}{text}</literal> @@ -2940,7 +2993,7 @@ equal to the depth of the <literal>text</literal> argument. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="14.4"> +<sect1 label="15.4"> <title><literal>\settoheight</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\settoheight</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\settoheight{\gnat}{text}</literal> @@ -2951,7 +3004,7 @@ equal to the height of the <literal>text</literal> argument. </sect1> -<sect1 label="14.5"> +<sect1 label="15.5"> <title><literal>\settowidth{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\settowidth</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\settowidth</literal> command sets the value of the command <replaceable>\len</replaceable> @@ -2960,7 +3013,7 @@ to the width of the <replaceable>text</replaceable> argument. </sect1> -<sect1 label="14.6" id="Predefined-lengths"> +<sect1 label="15.6" id="Predefined-lengths"> <title>Predefined lengths</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, predefined</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>predefined lengths</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\width</literal> @@ -2982,7 +3035,7 @@ natural size, e.g., say </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="15" id="Making-paragraphs"> +<chapter label="16" id="Making-paragraphs"> <title>Making paragraphs</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>making paragraphs</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraphs</primary></indexterm> <para>A paragraph is ended by one or more completely blank lines—lines not @@ -2992,7 +3045,7 @@ a sectioning command. </para> -<sect1 label="15.1"> +<sect1 label="16.1"> <title><literal>\indent</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\indent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\parindent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>indent, forcing</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\indent</literal> produces a horizontal space whose width equals the @@ -3006,7 +3059,7 @@ mode, otherwise <literal>15pt</literal> for <literal>10pt</literal> documents, < </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="15.2"> +<sect1 label="16.2"> <title><literal>\noindent</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\noindent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>indent, suppressing</primary></indexterm> <para>When used at the beginning of the paragraph, <literal>\noindent</literal> @@ -3015,7 +3068,7 @@ the middle of a paragraph. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="15.3"> +<sect1 label="16.3"> <title><literal>\parskip</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\parskip</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>vertical space before paragraphs</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\parskip</literal> is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added @@ -3023,7 +3076,7 @@ before each paragraph. The default is <literal>0pt plus1pt</literal>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="15.4" id="Marginal-notes"> +<sect1 label="16.4" id="Marginal-notes"> <title>Marginal notes</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>marginal notes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>notes in the margin</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>remarks in the margin</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\marginpar</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -3084,7 +3137,7 @@ notes from falling off the bottom of the page. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="16" id="Math-formulas"> +<chapter label="17" id="Math-formulas"> <title>Math formulas</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>math formulas</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>formulas, math</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>math mode, entering</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>math environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>displaymath environment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>equation environment</primary></indexterm><para>There are three environments that put &latex; in math mode: @@ -3126,7 +3179,7 @@ below summations. For example -<sect1 label="16.1" id="Subscripts-&-superscripts"> +<sect1 label="17.1" id="Subscripts-&-superscripts"> <title>Subscripts & superscripts</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>superscript</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>subscript</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>exponent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>_</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>^</primary></indexterm> <para>To get an expression <wordasword>exp</wordasword> to appear as a subscript, you just type @@ -3138,7 +3191,7 @@ superscript. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="16.2" id="Math-symbols"> +<sect1 label="17.2" id="Math-symbols"> <title>Math symbols</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>math symbols</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>symbols, math</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>greek letters</primary></indexterm> <para>&latex; provides almost any mathematical symbol you're likely to @@ -3780,7 +3833,7 @@ the pi symbol (\pi) in your output. </sect1> -<sect1 label="16.3" id="Math-functions"> +<sect1 label="17.3" id="Math-functions"> <title>Math functions</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>math functions</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>functions, math</primary></indexterm> <para>These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper @@ -3892,7 +3945,7 @@ spacing. </sect1> -<sect1 label="16.4" id="Math-accents"> +<sect1 label="17.4" id="Math-accents"> <title>Math accents</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>math accents</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>accents, mathematical</primary></indexterm> <para>&latex; provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters @@ -3945,7 +3998,7 @@ in math. These are different from accents in normal text </sect1> -<sect1 label="16.5" id="Spacing-in-math-mode"> +<sect1 label="17.5" id="Spacing-in-math-mode"> <title>Spacing in math mode</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>spacing within math mode</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>math mode, spacing</primary></indexterm> <para>In a <literal>math</literal> environment, &latex; ignores the spaces you type and @@ -3966,7 +4019,7 @@ commands for use in math mode: </sect1> -<sect1 label="16.6" id="Math-miscellany"> +<sect1 label="17.6" id="Math-miscellany"> <title>Math miscellany</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>math miscellany</primary></indexterm> <variablelist><varlistentry><term><literal>\*</literal></term> @@ -4022,7 +4075,7 @@ descenders. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="17" id="Modes"> +<chapter label="18" id="Modes"> <title>Modes</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>modes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraph mode</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>math mode</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left-to-right mode</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lR mode</primary></indexterm> @@ -4068,7 +4121,7 @@ in, is called “outer paragraph mode”. </para> </chapter> -<chapter label="18" id="Page-styles"> +<chapter label="19" id="Page-styles"> <title>Page styles</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>styles, page</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page styles</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\documentclass</literal> command determines the size and position of @@ -4076,7 +4129,7 @@ the page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them. </para> -<sect1 label="18.1"> +<sect1 label="19.1"> <title><literal>\maketitle</literal></title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>titles, making</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\maketitle</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\maketitle</literal> command generates a title on a separate title @@ -4107,7 +4160,7 @@ document. Use <literal>\\</literal> to force a line break, as usual. </sect1> -<sect1 label="18.2"> +<sect1 label="19.2"> <title><literal>\pagenumbering</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\pagenumbering</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page numbering style</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4130,7 +4183,7 @@ document. Use <literal>\\</literal> to force a line break, as usual. </sect1> -<sect1 label="18.3"> +<sect1 label="19.3"> <title><literal>\pagestyle</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\pagestyle</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>header style</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>footer style</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>running header and footer style</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4173,7 +4226,7 @@ the page. </sect1> -<sect1 label="18.4"> +<sect1 label="19.4"> <title><literal>\thispagestyle{<replaceable>style</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\thispagestyle</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\thispagestyle</literal> command works in the same manner as the @@ -4183,7 +4236,7 @@ changes to <replaceable>style</replaceable> for the current page only. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="19" id="Spaces"> +<chapter label="20" id="Spaces"> <title>Spaces</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>spaces</primary></indexterm> <para>&latex; has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. @@ -4194,7 +4247,7 @@ more often useful in math mode (see <xref linkend="Spacing-in-math-mode"></xref </para> -<sect1 label="19.1"> +<sect1 label="20.1"> <title><literal>\hspace</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hspace</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4213,7 +4266,7 @@ form. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.2"> +<sect1 label="20.2"> <title><literal>\hfill</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hfill</primary></indexterm><para>The <literal>\hfill</literal> fill command produces a “rubber length” which has @@ -4226,7 +4279,7 @@ equivalent to <literal>\hfill</literal>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.3"> +<sect1 label="20.3"> <title><literal>\SPACE</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\SPACE</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\TAB</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\NEWLINE</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\ </literal> (space) command produces a normal interword space. It's @@ -4240,7 +4293,7 @@ are equivalent to <literal>\ </literal>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.4"> +<sect1 label="20.4"> <title><literal>\@</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\@</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\@</literal> command makes the following punctuation character end a @@ -4260,7 +4313,7 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.5"> +<sect1 label="20.5"> <title><literal>\thinspace</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\thinspace</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\thinspace</literal> produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that @@ -4269,7 +4322,7 @@ in '”. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.6"> +<sect1 label="20.6"> <title><literal>\/</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\/</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\/</literal> command produces an <firstterm>italic correction</firstterm>. This is a @@ -4291,7 +4344,7 @@ with pdf&tex;. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.7"> +<sect1 label="20.7"> <title><literal>\hrulefill</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hrulefill</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\hrulefill</literal> fill command produces a “rubber length” which can @@ -4300,7 +4353,7 @@ rule. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.8"> +<sect1 label="20.8"> <title><literal>\dotfill</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\dotfill</primary></indexterm> @@ -4310,7 +4363,7 @@ with dots instead of just white space. <!-- xx undone --> </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.9"> +<sect1 label="20.9"> <title><literal>\addvspace</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addvspace</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>vertical space</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>space, inserting vertical</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\addvspace{length}</literal> @@ -4323,7 +4376,7 @@ of the total vertical space equal to <literal>length</literal>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.10"> +<sect1 label="20.10"> <title><literal>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</literal></title> <para>These commands produce a given amount of space. @@ -4346,7 +4399,7 @@ quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink). </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.11"> +<sect1 label="20.11"> <title><literal>\vfill</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\vfill</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\vfill</literal> fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which @@ -4355,7 +4408,7 @@ can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It's equivalent to </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="19.12"> +<sect1 label="20.12"> <title><literal>\vspace[*]{<replaceable>length</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\vspace</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4372,7 +4425,7 @@ space is not removed. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="20" id="Boxes"> +<chapter label="21" id="Boxes"> <title>Boxes</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>boxes</primary></indexterm> @@ -4381,7 +4434,7 @@ used in the arguments of the box-making commands. </para> -<sect1 label="20.1"> +<sect1 label="21.1"> <title><literal>\mbox{<replaceable>text}</replaceable></literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\mbox</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>hyphenation, preventing</primary></indexterm><para>The <literal>\mbox</literal> command creates a box just wide enough to hold the @@ -4390,7 +4443,7 @@ lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="20.2"> +<sect1 label="21.2"> <title><literal>\fbox</literal> and <literal>\framebox</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\fbox</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\framebox</primary></indexterm> @@ -4416,7 +4469,7 @@ argument. <!-- xxref --> </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="20.3"> +<sect1 label="21.3"> <title><literal>lrbox</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>lrbox</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}</literal> @@ -4428,7 +4481,7 @@ must have been declared with <literal>\newsavebox</literal>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="20.4"> +<sect1 label="21.4"> <title><literal>\makebox</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\makebox</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4457,7 +4510,7 @@ see <xref linkend="\makebox-(picture)"></xref>. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="20.5"> +<sect1 label="21.5"> <title><literal>\parbox</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\parbox</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4502,7 +4555,7 @@ for this to work. </sect1> -<sect1 label="20.6"> +<sect1 label="21.6"> <title><literal>\raisebox</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\raisebox</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4521,7 +4574,7 @@ ignoring its natural height and depth. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="20.7"> +<sect1 label="21.7"> <title><literal>\savebox</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\savebox</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4535,7 +4588,7 @@ declared with <literal>\newsavebox</literal> (see <xref linkend="\newsavebox"></ </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="20.8"> +<sect1 label="21.8"> <title><literal>\sbox{<replaceable>\boxcmd</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\sbox</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4550,7 +4603,7 @@ included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="20.9"> +<sect1 label="21.9"> <title><literal>\usebox{<replaceable>\boxcmd</replaceable></literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\usebox</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4563,7 +4616,7 @@ included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="21" id="Special-insertions"> +<chapter label="22" id="Special-insertions"> <title>Special insertions</title> <para>&latex; provides commands for inserting characters that have a @@ -4571,7 +4624,7 @@ special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type. </para> -<sect1 label="21.1" id="Reserved-characters"> +<sect1 label="22.1" id="Reserved-characters"> <title>Reserved characters</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>reserved characters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>characters, reserved</primary></indexterm> <para>The following characters play a special role in &latex; and are called @@ -4606,7 +4659,7 @@ with <literal>"</literal>, so the previous example could also be written as </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="21.2" id="Text-symbols"> +<sect1 label="22.2" id="Text-symbols"> <title>Text symbols</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>text symbols</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>textcomp package</primary></indexterm><para>&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols @@ -4738,9 +4791,6 @@ has the ascender height. <term><literal>\textordmasculine</literal></term> <listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>feminine ordinal symbol</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>masculine ordinal symbol</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ordinals, feminine and masculine</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</primary></indexterm><para>Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: ª, º. </para> -</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textordfeminine</literal></term> -<listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>feminine ordinal symbol</primary></indexterm><para>Feminine ordinal symbol: ®. -</para> </listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textperiodcentered</literal></term> <listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>period, centered, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>centered period, in text</primary></indexterm><para>Centered period: \cdot. </para> @@ -4776,7 +4826,7 @@ has the ascender height. <listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>trademark symbol</primary></indexterm><para>Trademark symbol: ^{\hbox{TM}}. </para> </listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\texttwelveudash</literal></term> -<listitem><para>Xx 12u-. +<listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>two-thirds em-dash</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>em-dash, two-thirds</primary></indexterm><para>“Two-thirds” em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. </para> </listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textunderscore</literal></term> <listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>underscore, in text</primary></indexterm><para>Underscore: _. @@ -4788,7 +4838,7 @@ has the ascender height. </sect1> -<sect1 label="21.3" id="Accents"> +<sect1 label="22.3" id="Accents"> <title>Accents</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>accents</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>characters, accented</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters, accented</primary></indexterm> @@ -4886,7 +4936,7 @@ descenders. See also <literal>\underline</literal> in <xref linkend="Math-misce </sect1> -<sect1 label="21.4" id="Non-English-characters"> +<sect1 label="22.4" id="Non-English-characters"> <title>Non-English characters</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>special characters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>non-English characters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>characters, non-English</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters, non-English</primary></indexterm> @@ -4941,7 +4991,7 @@ used in languages other than English. </sect1> -<sect1 label="21.5"> +<sect1 label="22.5"> <title><literal>\rule</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\rule</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -4963,7 +5013,7 @@ rectangles. The arguments are: </sect1> -<sect1 label="21.6"> +<sect1 label="22.6"> <title><literal>\today</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\today</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\today</literal> command produces today's date, in the format @@ -4978,7 +5028,7 @@ of other date formats. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="22" id="Splitting-the-input"> +<chapter label="23" id="Splitting-the-input"> <title>Splitting the input</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>splitting the input file</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>input file</primary></indexterm> <para>A large document requires a lot of input. Rather than putting the whole @@ -4989,7 +5039,7 @@ when you run &latex;. </para> -<sect1 label="22.1"> +<sect1 label="23.1"> <title><literal>\include</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\include</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -5010,7 +5060,7 @@ read by another <literal>\include</literal> command. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="22.2"> +<sect1 label="23.2"> <title>\<literal>includeonly</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\includeonly</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -5027,7 +5077,7 @@ effective. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="22.3" id="\input"> +<sect1 label="23.3" id="\input"> <title>\input</title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\input</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -5046,16 +5096,16 @@ is tried (‘<literal>foo</literal>’ or ‘<literal>foo.bar</liter </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="23" id="Front/back-matter"> +<chapter label="24" id="Front/back-matter"> <title>Front/back matter</title> -<sect1 label="23.1" id="Tables-of-contents"> +<sect1 label="24.1" id="Tables-of-contents"> <title>Tables of contents</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>table of contents, creating</primary></indexterm> -<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\tableofcontents</primary></indexterm><para>A table of contents is produced with the <literal>\tableofcontents</literal> +<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\tableofcontents</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>.toc file</primary></indexterm><para>A table of contents is produced with the <literal>\tableofcontents</literal> command. You put the command right where you want the table of contents to go; &latex; does the rest for you. A previous run must have generated a <filename>.toc</filename> file. @@ -5074,7 +5124,7 @@ Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. </para> -<sect2 label="23.1.1" id="\addcontentsline"> +<sect2 label="24.1.1" id="\addcontentsline"> <title>\addcontentsline</title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addcontentsline{<replaceable>ext</replaceable>}{<replaceable>unit</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>table of contents entry, manually adding</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\addcontentsline</literal>{<replaceable>ext</replaceable>}{<replaceable>unit</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>} @@ -5109,7 +5159,7 @@ command <literal>\contentsline{<replaceable>unit</replaceable>}{<replaceable>nam </sect2> -<sect2 label="23.1.2" id="\addtocontents"> +<sect2 label="24.1.2" id="\addtocontents"> <title>\addtocontents</title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addtocontents{<replaceable>ext</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\addtocontents</literal>{<replaceable>ext</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>} command adds text @@ -5128,7 +5178,7 @@ generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables. </sect2> </sect1> -<sect1 label="23.2" id="Glossaries"> +<sect1 label="24.2" id="Glossaries"> <title>Glossaries</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>glossaries</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\makeglossary</primary></indexterm><para>The command <literal>\makeglossary</literal> enables creating glossaries. @@ -5145,7 +5195,7 @@ glossaries. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="23.3" id="Indexes"> +<sect1 label="24.3" id="Indexes"> <title>Indexes</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>indexes</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\makeindex</primary></indexterm><para>The command <literal>\makeindex</literal> enables creating indexes. Put this in @@ -5192,7 +5242,7 @@ preparing the index. </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="24" id="Letters"> +<chapter label="25" id="Letters"> <title>Letters</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>creating letters</primary></indexterm> <para>You can use &latex; to typeset letters, both personal and business. The @@ -5230,7 +5280,7 @@ commands, use <literal>\\</literal> to separate the items. </para> -<sect1 label="24.1"> +<sect1 label="25.1"> <title>\address{<replaceable>return-address}</replaceable></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\address</primary></indexterm> <para>The <literal>\address</literal> specifies the return address of a letter, as it @@ -5245,7 +5295,7 @@ letter will be formatted as a personal letter. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.2"> +<sect1 label="25.2"> <title><literal>\cc</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cc</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>cc list, in letters</primary></indexterm> @@ -5258,7 +5308,7 @@ printed on a separate line. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.3"> +<sect1 label="25.3"> <title><literal>\closing</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\closing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters, ending</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>closing letters</primary></indexterm> @@ -5271,7 +5321,7 @@ printed on a separate line. </screen> </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.4"> +<sect1 label="25.4"> <title><literal>\encl</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\encl</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>enclosure list</primary></indexterm> @@ -5283,7 +5333,7 @@ printed on a separate line. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.5"> +<sect1 label="25.5"> <title><literal>\location</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\location</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\location{address}</literal> @@ -5293,7 +5343,7 @@ if the <literal>firstpage</literal> pagestyle is selected. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.6"> +<sect1 label="25.6"> <title><literal>\makelabels</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\makelabels</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\makelabels{number}</literal> @@ -5304,7 +5354,7 @@ address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters. </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.7"> +<sect1 label="25.7"> <title><literal>\name</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\name</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\name{June Davenport}</literal> @@ -5314,7 +5364,7 @@ address. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.8"> +<sect1 label="25.8"> <title><literal>\opening{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\opening</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters, starting</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -5329,7 +5379,7 @@ For instance: </screen> </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.9"> +<sect1 label="25.9"> <title><literal>\ps</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ps</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>postscript, in letters</primary></indexterm> <para>Use the <literal>\ps</literal> command to start a postscript in a letter, after @@ -5337,7 +5387,7 @@ For instance: </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.10"> +<sect1 label="25.10"> <title><literal>\signature{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\signature</primary></indexterm> <para>Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the @@ -5346,7 +5396,7 @@ space for your signature. <literal>\\</literal> starts a new line within </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.11"> +<sect1 label="25.11"> <title><literal>\startbreaks</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\startbreaks</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\startbreaks</literal> @@ -5356,7 +5406,7 @@ space for your signature. <literal>\\</literal> starts a new line within </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.12"> +<sect1 label="25.12"> <title><literal>\stopbreaks</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\stopbreaks</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\stopbreaks</literal> @@ -5366,7 +5416,7 @@ space for your signature. <literal>\\</literal> starts a new line within </sect1> -<sect1 label="24.13"> +<sect1 label="25.13"> <title><literal>\telephone</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\telephone</primary></indexterm> <para><literal>\telephone{number}</literal> @@ -5377,12 +5427,12 @@ space for your signature. <literal>\\</literal> starts a new line within </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="25" id="Terminal-input/output"> +<chapter label="26" id="Terminal-input/output"> <title>Terminal input/output</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>input/output</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>terminal input/output</primary></indexterm> -<sect1 label="25.1"> +<sect1 label="26.1"> <title><literal>\typein[<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>]{<replaceable>msg</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\typein</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -5399,7 +5449,7 @@ redefined to be the typed input. </para> </sect1> -<sect1 label="25.2"> +<sect1 label="26.2"> <title><literal>\typeout{<replaceable>msg</replaceable>}</literal></title> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\typeout</primary></indexterm> <para>Synopsis: @@ -5420,7 +5470,7 @@ printed, independent of surrounding spaces. A <literal>^^J</literal> in </sect1> </chapter> -<chapter label="26" id="Command-line"> +<chapter label="27" id="Command-line"> <title>Command line</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>command line</primary></indexterm> <para>The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; @@ -5444,7 +5494,8 @@ command; e.g. <title>Document templates</title> <indexterm role="cp"><primary>document templates</primary></indexterm> <para>Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will -be useful. +be useful. Additional templates are collected at +<ulink url="http://www.howtotex.com/templates">http://www.howtotex.com/templates</ulink>. </para> diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html index 5c19874b4f1..08033cf85b3 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a -document preparation system, version of July 2010. +document preparation system, version of May 2011. This was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by @@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using Hypertext Help with LaTeX, by Sheldon Green, and the LaTeX Command Summary (for LaTeX 2.09) by L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users Group as -TeXniques number 10), as reference material (text was not +TeXniques number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). -Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry. +Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Karl Berry. Copyright (C) 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. @@ -36,18 +36,18 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. --> <!-- Created by @PACKAGE_NAME@ @PACKAGE_VERSION@, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> <head> -<title>LaTeX2e reference manual (July 2010)</title> +<title>LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2011)</title> -<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (July 2010)"> -<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (July 2010)"> +<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2011)"> +<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2011)"> <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> <meta name="distribution" content="global"> <meta name="Generator" content="@PACKAGE_NAME@"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> -<link href="#Top" rel="start" title="LaTeX2e reference manual (July 2010)"> +<link href="#Top" rel="start" title="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2011)"> <link href="#Concept-Index" rel="index" title="Concept Index"> <link href="#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> -<link href="#SEC_About" rel="help" title="About This Document"> +<link href="dir.html#Top" rel="up" title="(dir)"> <style type="text/css"> <!-- a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} @@ -79,39 +79,40 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} <body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> -<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e reference manual (July 2010)</h1> +<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2011)</h1> <a name="SEC_Overview"></a> <h1>Short Table of Contents</h1> <div class="shortcontents"> <ul class="no-bullet"> -<li><a name="stoc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="#toc-Overview-of-LaTeX">1 Overview of LaTeX</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Starting-_0026-ending-1" href="#toc-Starting-_0026-ending-1">2 Starting & ending</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Document-classes-1" href="#toc-Document-classes-1">3 Document classes</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Typefaces-1" href="#toc-Typefaces-1">4 Typefaces</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Layout-1" href="#toc-Layout-1">5 Layout</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Sectioning-1" href="#toc-Sectioning-1">6 Sectioning</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Cross-references-1" href="#toc-Cross-references-1">7 Cross references</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Environments-1" href="#toc-Environments-1">8 Environments</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Line-breaking-1" href="#toc-Line-breaking-1">9 Line breaking</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Page-breaking-1" href="#toc-Page-breaking-1">10 Page breaking</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Footnotes-1" href="#toc-Footnotes-1">11 Footnotes</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Definitions-1" href="#toc-Definitions-1">12 Definitions</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Counters-1" href="#toc-Counters-1">13 Counters</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Lengths-1" href="#toc-Lengths-1">14 Lengths</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#toc-Making-paragraphs-1">15 Making paragraphs</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Math-formulas-1" href="#toc-Math-formulas-1">16 Math formulas</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Modes-1" href="#toc-Modes-1">17 Modes</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Page-styles-1" href="#toc-Page-styles-1">18 Page styles</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Spaces-1" href="#toc-Spaces-1">19 Spaces</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Boxes-1" href="#toc-Boxes-1">20 Boxes</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Special-insertions-1" href="#toc-Special-insertions-1">21 Special insertions</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#toc-Splitting-the-input-1">22 Splitting the input</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#toc-Front_002fback-matter-1">23 Front/back matter</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Letters-1" href="#toc-Letters-1">24 Letters</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1" href="#toc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1">25 Terminal input/output</a></li> -<li><a name="stoc-Command-line-1" href="#toc-Command-line-1">26 Command line</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Overview-of-LaTeX-1" href="#toc-Overview-of-LaTeX-1">1 Overview of LaTeX</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="#toc-Overview-of-LaTeX">2 Overview of LaTeX</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Starting-_0026-ending-1" href="#toc-Starting-_0026-ending-1">3 Starting & ending</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Document-classes-1" href="#toc-Document-classes-1">4 Document classes</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Typefaces-1" href="#toc-Typefaces-1">5 Typefaces</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Layout-1" href="#toc-Layout-1">6 Layout</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Sectioning-1" href="#toc-Sectioning-1">7 Sectioning</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Cross-references-1" href="#toc-Cross-references-1">8 Cross references</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Environments-1" href="#toc-Environments-1">9 Environments</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Line-breaking-1" href="#toc-Line-breaking-1">10 Line breaking</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Page-breaking-1" href="#toc-Page-breaking-1">11 Page breaking</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Footnotes-1" href="#toc-Footnotes-1">12 Footnotes</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Definitions-1" href="#toc-Definitions-1">13 Definitions</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Counters-1" href="#toc-Counters-1">14 Counters</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Lengths-1" href="#toc-Lengths-1">15 Lengths</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#toc-Making-paragraphs-1">16 Making paragraphs</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Math-formulas-1" href="#toc-Math-formulas-1">17 Math formulas</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Modes-1" href="#toc-Modes-1">18 Modes</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Page-styles-1" href="#toc-Page-styles-1">19 Page styles</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Spaces-1" href="#toc-Spaces-1">20 Spaces</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Boxes-1" href="#toc-Boxes-1">21 Boxes</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Special-insertions-1" href="#toc-Special-insertions-1">22 Special insertions</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#toc-Splitting-the-input-1">23 Splitting the input</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#toc-Front_002fback-matter-1">24 Front/back matter</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Letters-1" href="#toc-Letters-1">25 Letters</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1" href="#toc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1">26 Terminal input/output</a></li> +<li><a name="stoc-Command-line-1" href="#toc-Command-line-1">27 Command line</a></li> <li><a name="stoc-Document-templates-1" href="#toc-Document-templates-1">Appendix A Document templates</a></li> <li><a name="stoc-Concept-Index-1" href="#toc-Concept-Index-1">Concept Index</a></li> <li><a name="stoc-Command-Index-1" href="#toc-Command-Index-1">Command Index</a></li> @@ -124,260 +125,261 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} <div class="contents"> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="#Overview">1 Overview of LaTeX</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Starting-_0026-ending-1" href="#Starting-_0026-ending">2 Starting & ending</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Document-classes-1" href="#Document-classes">3 Document classes</a> + <li><a name="toc-Overview-of-LaTeX-1" href="#About-this-document">1 Overview of LaTeX</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Overview-of-LaTeX" href="#Overview">2 Overview of LaTeX</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Starting-_0026-ending-1" href="#Starting-_0026-ending">3 Starting & ending</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Document-classes-1" href="#Document-classes">4 Document classes</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-Document-class-options-1" href="#Document-class-options">3.1 Document class options</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Document-class-options-1" href="#Document-class-options">4.1 Document class options</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Typefaces-1" href="#Typefaces">4 Typefaces</a> + <li><a name="toc-Typefaces-1" href="#Typefaces">5 Typefaces</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-Font-styles-1" href="#Font-styles">4.1 Font styles</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Font-sizes-1" href="#Font-sizes">4.2 Font sizes</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1" href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">4.3 Low-level font commands</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Font-styles-1" href="#Font-styles">5.1 Font styles</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Font-sizes-1" href="#Font-sizes">5.2 Font sizes</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1" href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">5.3 Low-level font commands</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Layout-1" href="#Layout">5 Layout</a> + <li><a name="toc-Layout-1" href="#Layout">6 Layout</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005conecolumn-1" href="#g_t_005conecolumn">5.1 <code>\onecolumn</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005ctwocolumn-1" href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">5.2 <code>\twocolumn</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cflushbottom-1" href="#g_t_005cflushbottom">5.3 <code>\flushbottom</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005craggedbottom-1" href="#g_t_005craggedbottom">5.4 <code>\raggedbottom</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Page-layout-parameters-1" href="#Page-layout-parameters">5.5 Page layout parameters</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005conecolumn-1" href="#g_t_005conecolumn">6.1 <code>\onecolumn</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ctwocolumn-1" href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">6.2 <code>\twocolumn</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cflushbottom-1" href="#g_t_005cflushbottom">6.3 <code>\flushbottom</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005craggedbottom-1" href="#g_t_005craggedbottom">6.4 <code>\raggedbottom</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Page-layout-parameters-1" href="#Page-layout-parameters">6.5 Page layout parameters</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Sectioning-1" href="#Sectioning">6 Sectioning</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Cross-references-1" href="#Cross-references">7 Cross references</a> + <li><a name="toc-Sectioning-1" href="#Sectioning">7 Sectioning</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Cross-references-1" href="#Cross-references">8 Cross references</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005clabel-1" href="#g_t_005clabel">7.1 <code>\label</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cpageref_007bkey_007d" href="#g_t_005cpageref">7.2 <code>\pageref{<var>key</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cref_007bkey_007d" href="#g_t_005cref">7.3 <code>\ref{<var>key</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005clabel-1" href="#g_t_005clabel">8.1 <code>\label</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cpageref_007bkey_007d" href="#g_t_005cpageref">8.2 <code>\pageref{<var>key</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cref_007bkey_007d" href="#g_t_005cref">8.3 <code>\ref{<var>key</var>}</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Environments-1" href="#Environments">8 Environments</a> + <li><a name="toc-Environments-1" href="#Environments">9 Environments</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-abstract-1" href="#abstract">8.1 <code>abstract</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-array-1" href="#array">8.2 <code>array</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-center-1" href="#center">8.3 <code>center</code></a> + <li><a name="toc-abstract-1" href="#abstract">9.1 <code>abstract</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-array-1" href="#array">9.2 <code>array</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-center-1" href="#center">9.3 <code>center</code></a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005ccentering-1" href="#g_t_005ccentering">8.3.1 <code>\centering</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ccentering-1" href="#g_t_005ccentering">9.3.1 <code>\centering</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-description-1" href="#description">8.4 <code>description</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-displaymath-1" href="#displaymath">8.5 <code>displaymath</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-document-1" href="#document">8.6 <code>document</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-enumerate-1" href="#enumerate">8.7 <code>enumerate</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-eqnarray-1" href="#eqnarray">8.8 <code>eqnarray</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-equation-1" href="#equation">8.9 <code>equation</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-figure-1" href="#figure">8.10 <code>figure</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-flushleft-1" href="#flushleft">8.11 <code>flushleft</code></a> + <li><a name="toc-description-1" href="#description">9.4 <code>description</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-displaymath-1" href="#displaymath">9.5 <code>displaymath</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-document-1" href="#document">9.6 <code>document</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-enumerate-1" href="#enumerate">9.7 <code>enumerate</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-eqnarray-1" href="#eqnarray">9.8 <code>eqnarray</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-equation-1" href="#equation">9.9 <code>equation</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-figure-1" href="#figure">9.10 <code>figure</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-flushleft-1" href="#flushleft">9.11 <code>flushleft</code></a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005craggedright-1" href="#g_t_005craggedright">8.11.1 <code>\raggedright</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005craggedright-1" href="#g_t_005craggedright">9.11.1 <code>\raggedright</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-flushright-1" href="#flushright">8.12 <code>flushright</code></a> + <li><a name="toc-flushright-1" href="#flushright">9.12 <code>flushright</code></a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005craggedleft-1" href="#g_t_005craggedleft">8.12.1 <code>\raggedleft</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005craggedleft-1" href="#g_t_005craggedleft">9.12.1 <code>\raggedleft</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-itemize-1" href="#itemize">8.13 <code>itemize</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-letter-environment_003a-writing-letters" href="#letter">8.14 <code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-list-1" href="#list">8.15 <code>list</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-math-1" href="#math">8.16 <code>math</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-minipage-1" href="#minipage">8.17 <code>minipage</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-picture-1" href="#picture">8.18 <code>picture</code></a> + <li><a name="toc-itemize-1" href="#itemize">9.13 <code>itemize</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-letter-environment_003a-writing-letters" href="#letter">9.14 <code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-list-1" href="#list">9.15 <code>list</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-math-1" href="#math">9.16 <code>math</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-minipage-1" href="#minipage">9.17 <code>minipage</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-picture-1" href="#picture">9.18 <code>picture</code></a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005ccircle-1" href="#g_t_005ccircle">8.18.1 <code>\circle</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cmakebox-1" href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">8.18.2 <code>\makebox</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cframebox" href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">8.18.3 <code>\framebox</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cdashbox-1" href="#g_t_005cdashbox">8.18.4 <code>\dashbox</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cframe-1" href="#g_t_005cframe">8.18.5 <code>\frame</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cline-1" href="#g_t_005cline">8.18.6 <code>\line</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005clinethickness-1" href="#g_t_005clinethickness">8.18.7 <code>\linethickness</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cthicklines-1" href="#g_t_005cthicklines">8.18.8 <code>\thicklines</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cthinlines-1" href="#g_t_005cthinlines">8.18.9 <code>\thinlines</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cmultiput-1" href="#g_t_005cmultiput">8.18.10 <code>\multiput</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005coval-1" href="#g_t_005coval">8.18.11 <code>\oval</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cput-1" href="#g_t_005cput">8.18.12 <code>\put</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cshortstack-1" href="#g_t_005cshortstack">8.18.13 <code>\shortstack</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cvector-1" href="#g_t_005cvector">8.18.14 <code>\vector</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ccircle-1" href="#g_t_005ccircle">9.18.1 <code>\circle</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cmakebox-1" href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">9.18.2 <code>\makebox</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cframebox" href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029">9.18.3 <code>\framebox</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cdashbox-1" href="#g_t_005cdashbox">9.18.4 <code>\dashbox</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cframe-1" href="#g_t_005cframe">9.18.5 <code>\frame</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cline-1" href="#g_t_005cline">9.18.6 <code>\line</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005clinethickness-1" href="#g_t_005clinethickness">9.18.7 <code>\linethickness</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cthicklines-1" href="#g_t_005cthicklines">9.18.8 <code>\thicklines</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cthinlines-1" href="#g_t_005cthinlines">9.18.9 <code>\thinlines</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cmultiput-1" href="#g_t_005cmultiput">9.18.10 <code>\multiput</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005coval-1" href="#g_t_005coval">9.18.11 <code>\oval</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cput-1" href="#g_t_005cput">9.18.12 <code>\put</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cshortstack-1" href="#g_t_005cshortstack">9.18.13 <code>\shortstack</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cvector-1" href="#g_t_005cvector">9.18.14 <code>\vector</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-quotation-1" href="#quotation">8.19 <code>quotation</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-quote-1" href="#quote">8.20 <code>quote</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-tabbing-1" href="#tabbing">8.21 <code>tabbing</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-table-1" href="#table">8.22 <code>table</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-tabular-1" href="#tabular">8.23 <code>tabular</code></a> + <li><a name="toc-quotation-1" href="#quotation">9.19 <code>quotation</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-quote-1" href="#quote">9.20 <code>quote</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-tabbing-1" href="#tabbing">9.21 <code>tabbing</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-table-1" href="#table">9.22 <code>table</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-tabular-1" href="#tabular">9.23 <code>tabular</code></a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005cmulticolumn-1" href="#g_t_005cmulticolumn">8.23.1 <code>\multicolumn</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005ccline-1" href="#g_t_005ccline">8.23.2 <code>\cline</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005chline-1" href="#g_t_005chline">8.23.3 <code>\hline</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cvline-1" href="#g_t_005cvline">8.23.4 <code>\vline</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cmulticolumn-1" href="#g_t_005cmulticolumn">9.23.1 <code>\multicolumn</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ccline-1" href="#g_t_005ccline">9.23.2 <code>\cline</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005chline-1" href="#g_t_005chline">9.23.3 <code>\hline</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cvline-1" href="#g_t_005cvline">9.23.4 <code>\vline</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-thebibliography-1" href="#thebibliography">8.24 <code>thebibliography</code></a> + <li><a name="toc-thebibliography-1" href="#thebibliography">9.24 <code>thebibliography</code></a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005cbibitem-1" href="#g_t_005cbibitem">8.24.1 <code>\bibitem</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005ccite-1" href="#g_t_005ccite">8.24.2 <code>\cite</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnocite-1" href="#g_t_005cnocite">8.24.3 <code>\nocite</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Using-BibTeX-1" href="#Using-BibTeX">8.24.4 Using BibTeX</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cbibitem-1" href="#g_t_005cbibitem">9.24.1 <code>\bibitem</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ccite-1" href="#g_t_005ccite">9.24.2 <code>\cite</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnocite-1" href="#g_t_005cnocite">9.24.3 <code>\nocite</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Using-BibTeX-1" href="#Using-BibTeX">9.24.4 Using BibTeX</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-theorem-1" href="#theorem">8.25 <code>theorem</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-titlepage-1" href="#titlepage">8.26 <code>titlepage</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-verbatim-1" href="#verbatim">8.27 <code>verbatim</code></a> + <li><a name="toc-theorem-1" href="#theorem">9.25 <code>theorem</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-titlepage-1" href="#titlepage">9.26 <code>titlepage</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-verbatim-1" href="#verbatim">9.27 <code>verbatim</code></a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005cverb-1" href="#g_t_005cverb">8.27.1 <code>\verb</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cverb-1" href="#g_t_005cverb">9.27.1 <code>\verb</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-verse-1" href="#verse">8.28 <code>verse</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-verse-1" href="#verse">9.28 <code>verse</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Line-breaking-1" href="#Line-breaking">9 Line breaking</a> + <li><a name="toc-Line-breaking-1" href="#Line-breaking">10 Line breaking</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005c_005c_005b_002a_005d_005bmorespace_005d" href="#g_t_005c_005c">9.1 <code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1" href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">9.2 <code>\obeycr</code> & <code>\restorecr</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnewline-1" href="#g_t_005cnewline">9.3 <code>\newline</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029" href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">9.4 <code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cfussy-1" href="#g_t_005cfussy">9.5 <code>\fussy</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005csloppy-1" href="#g_t_005csloppy">9.6 <code>\sloppy</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005chyphenation-1" href="#g_t_005chyphenation">9.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1" href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">9.8 <code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005c_005c_005b_002a_005d_005bmorespace_005d" href="#g_t_005c_005c">10.1 <code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1" href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr">10.2 <code>\obeycr</code> & <code>\restorecr</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnewline-1" href="#g_t_005cnewline">10.3 <code>\newline</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029" href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029">10.4 <code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cfussy-1" href="#g_t_005cfussy">10.5 <code>\fussy</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005csloppy-1" href="#g_t_005csloppy">10.6 <code>\sloppy</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005chyphenation-1" href="#g_t_005chyphenation">10.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1" href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">10.8 <code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Page-breaking-1" href="#Page-breaking">10 Page breaking</a> + <li><a name="toc-Page-breaking-1" href="#Page-breaking">11 Page breaking</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005ccleardoublepage-1" href="#g_t_005ccleardoublepage">10.1 <code>\cleardoublepage</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cclearpage-1" href="#g_t_005cclearpage">10.2 <code>\clearpage</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnewpage-1" href="#g_t_005cnewpage">10.3 <code>\newpage</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cenlargethispage-1" href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage">10.4 <code>\enlargethispage</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1" href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">10.5 <code>\pagebreak</code> & <code>\nopagebreak</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ccleardoublepage-1" href="#g_t_005ccleardoublepage">11.1 <code>\cleardoublepage</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cclearpage-1" href="#g_t_005cclearpage">11.2 <code>\clearpage</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnewpage-1" href="#g_t_005cnewpage">11.3 <code>\newpage</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cenlargethispage-1" href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage">11.4 <code>\enlargethispage</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1" href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak">11.5 <code>\pagebreak</code> & <code>\nopagebreak</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-1" href="#Footnotes">11 Footnotes</a> + <li><a name="toc-Footnotes-1" href="#Footnotes">12 Footnotes</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnote-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnote">11.1 <code>\footnote</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotemark-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">11.2 <code>\footnotemark</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotetext-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext">11.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Symbolic-footnotes-1" href="#Symbolic-footnotes">11.4 Symbolic footnotes</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Footnote-parameters-1" href="#Footnote-parameters">11.5 Footnote parameters</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnote-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnote">12.1 <code>\footnote</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotemark-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark">12.2 <code>\footnotemark</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cfootnotetext-1" href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext">12.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Symbolic-footnotes-1" href="#Symbolic-footnotes">12.4 Symbolic footnotes</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Footnote-parameters-1" href="#Footnote-parameters">12.5 Footnote parameters</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Definitions-1" href="#Definitions">12 Definitions</a> + <li><a name="toc-Definitions-1" href="#Definitions">13 Definitions</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">12.1 <code>\newcommand</code> & <code>\renewcommand</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnewcounter-1" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">12.2 <code>\newcounter</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnewlength-1" href="#g_t_005cnewlength">12.3 <code>\newlength</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnewsavebox-1" href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">12.4 <code>\newsavebox</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1" href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">12.5 <code>\newenvironment</code> & <code>\renewenvironment</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnewtheorem-1" href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">12.6 <code>\newtheorem</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnewfont-1" href="#g_t_005cnewfont">12.7 <code>\newfont</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cprotect-1" href="#g_t_005cprotect">12.8 <code>\protect</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1" href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">13.1 <code>\newcommand</code> & <code>\renewcommand</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnewcounter-1" href="#g_t_005cnewcounter">13.2 <code>\newcounter</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnewlength-1" href="#g_t_005cnewlength">13.3 <code>\newlength</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnewsavebox-1" href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">13.4 <code>\newsavebox</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1" href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">13.5 <code>\newenvironment</code> & <code>\renewenvironment</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnewtheorem-1" href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">13.6 <code>\newtheorem</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnewfont-1" href="#g_t_005cnewfont">13.7 <code>\newfont</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cprotect-1" href="#g_t_005cprotect">13.8 <code>\protect</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Counters-1" href="#Counters">13 Counters</a> + <li><a name="toc-Counters-1" href="#Counters">14 Counters</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol_003a-Printing-counters" href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">13.1 <code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cusecounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cusecounter">13.2 <code>\usecounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cvalue_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cvalue">13.3 <code>\value{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005csetcounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005csetcounter">13.4 <code>\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005caddtocounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005caddtocounter">13.5 <code>\addtocounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005crefstepcounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter">13.6 <code>\refstepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cstepcounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cstepcounter">13.7 <code>\stepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear_003a-Predefined-counters" href="#g_t_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear">13.8 <code>\day \month \year</code>: Predefined counters</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol_003a-Printing-counters" href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol">14.1 <code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cusecounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cusecounter">14.2 <code>\usecounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cvalue_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cvalue">14.3 <code>\value{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005csetcounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005csetcounter">14.4 <code>\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005caddtocounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005caddtocounter">14.5 <code>\addtocounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005crefstepcounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter">14.6 <code>\refstepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cstepcounter_007bcounter_007d" href="#g_t_005cstepcounter">14.7 <code>\stepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear_003a-Predefined-counters" href="#g_t_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear">14.8 <code>\day \month \year</code>: Predefined counters</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Lengths-1" href="#Lengths">14 Lengths</a> + <li><a name="toc-Lengths-1" href="#Lengths">15 Lengths</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005csetlength_007b_005clen_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005csetlength">14.1 <code>\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005caddtolength_007b_005clen_007d_007bamount_007d" href="#g_t_005caddtolength">14.2 \addtolength{<var>\len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005csettodepth-1" href="#g_t_005csettodepth">14.3 <code>\settodepth</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005csettoheight-1" href="#g_t_005csettoheight">14.4 <code>\settoheight</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005csettowidth_007b_005clen_007d_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csettowidth">14.5 <code>\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Predefined-lengths-1" href="#Predefined-lengths">14.6 Predefined lengths</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005csetlength_007b_005clen_007d_007bvalue_007d" href="#g_t_005csetlength">15.1 <code>\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005caddtolength_007b_005clen_007d_007bamount_007d" href="#g_t_005caddtolength">15.2 \addtolength{<var>\len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005csettodepth-1" href="#g_t_005csettodepth">15.3 <code>\settodepth</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005csettoheight-1" href="#g_t_005csettoheight">15.4 <code>\settoheight</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005csettowidth_007b_005clen_007d_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csettowidth">15.5 <code>\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Predefined-lengths-1" href="#Predefined-lengths">15.6 Predefined lengths</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#Making-paragraphs">15 Making paragraphs</a> + <li><a name="toc-Making-paragraphs-1" href="#Making-paragraphs">16 Making paragraphs</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005cindent-1" href="#g_t_005cindent">15.1 <code>\indent</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cnoindent-1" href="#g_t_005cnoindent">15.2 <code>\noindent</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cparskip-1" href="#g_t_005cparskip">15.3 <code>\parskip</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Marginal-notes-1" href="#Marginal-notes">15.4 Marginal notes</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cindent-1" href="#g_t_005cindent">16.1 <code>\indent</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cnoindent-1" href="#g_t_005cnoindent">16.2 <code>\noindent</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cparskip-1" href="#g_t_005cparskip">16.3 <code>\parskip</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Marginal-notes-1" href="#Marginal-notes">16.4 Marginal notes</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Math-formulas-1" href="#Math-formulas">16 Math formulas</a> + <li><a name="toc-Math-formulas-1" href="#Math-formulas">17 Math formulas</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-Subscripts-_0026-superscripts-1" href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">16.1 Subscripts & superscripts</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Math-symbols-1" href="#Math-symbols">16.2 Math symbols</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Math-functions-1" href="#Math-functions">16.3 Math functions</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Math-accents-1" href="#Math-accents">16.4 Math accents</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Spacing-in-math-mode-1" href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">16.5 Spacing in math mode</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Math-miscellany-1" href="#Math-miscellany">16.6 Math miscellany</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Subscripts-_0026-superscripts-1" href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">17.1 Subscripts & superscripts</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Math-symbols-1" href="#Math-symbols">17.2 Math symbols</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Math-functions-1" href="#Math-functions">17.3 Math functions</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Math-accents-1" href="#Math-accents">17.4 Math accents</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Spacing-in-math-mode-1" href="#Spacing-in-math-mode">17.5 Spacing in math mode</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Math-miscellany-1" href="#Math-miscellany">17.6 Math miscellany</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Modes-1" href="#Modes">17 Modes</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Page-styles-1" href="#Page-styles">18 Page styles</a> + <li><a name="toc-Modes-1" href="#Modes">18 Modes</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Page-styles-1" href="#Page-styles">19 Page styles</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005cmaketitle-1" href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">18.1 <code>\maketitle</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cpagenumbering-1" href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">18.2 <code>\pagenumbering</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cpagestyle-1" href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">18.3 <code>\pagestyle</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cthispagestyle_007bstyle_007d" href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">18.4 <code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cmaketitle-1" href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">19.1 <code>\maketitle</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cpagenumbering-1" href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering">19.2 <code>\pagenumbering</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cpagestyle-1" href="#g_t_005cpagestyle">19.3 <code>\pagestyle</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cthispagestyle_007bstyle_007d" href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle">19.4 <code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Spaces-1" href="#Spaces">19 Spaces</a> + <li><a name="toc-Spaces-1" href="#Spaces">20 Spaces</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005chspace-1" href="#g_t_005chspace">19.1 <code>\hspace</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005chfill-1" href="#g_t_005chfill">19.2 <code>\hfill</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cSPACE-1" href="#g_t_005cSPACE">19.3 <code>\SPACE</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040" href="#g_t_005cAT">19.4 <code>\@</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cthinspace-1" href="#g_t_005cthinspace">19.5 <code>\thinspace</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005c_002f-1" href="#g_t_005c_002f">19.6 <code>\/</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005chrulefill-1" href="#g_t_005chrulefill">19.7 <code>\hrulefill</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cdotfill-1" href="#g_t_005cdotfill">19.8 <code>\dotfill</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005caddvspace-1" href="#g_t_005caddvspace">19.9 <code>\addvspace</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip-1" href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip">19.10 <code>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cvfill-1" href="#g_t_005cvfill">19.11 <code>\vfill</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cvspace_005b_002a_005d_007blength_007d" href="#g_t_005cvspace">19.12 <code>\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005chspace-1" href="#g_t_005chspace">20.1 <code>\hspace</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005chfill-1" href="#g_t_005chfill">20.2 <code>\hfill</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cSPACE-1" href="#g_t_005cSPACE">20.3 <code>\SPACE</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005c_0040" href="#g_t_005cAT">20.4 <code>\@</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cthinspace-1" href="#g_t_005cthinspace">20.5 <code>\thinspace</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005c_002f-1" href="#g_t_005c_002f">20.6 <code>\/</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005chrulefill-1" href="#g_t_005chrulefill">20.7 <code>\hrulefill</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cdotfill-1" href="#g_t_005cdotfill">20.8 <code>\dotfill</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005caddvspace-1" href="#g_t_005caddvspace">20.9 <code>\addvspace</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip-1" href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip">20.10 <code>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cvfill-1" href="#g_t_005cvfill">20.11 <code>\vfill</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cvspace_005b_002a_005d_007blength_007d" href="#g_t_005cvspace">20.12 <code>\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>}</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Boxes-1" href="#Boxes">20 Boxes</a> + <li><a name="toc-Boxes-1" href="#Boxes">21 Boxes</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005cmbox_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005cmbox">20.1 <code>\mbox{<var>text}</var></code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox-1" href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox">20.2 <code>\fbox</code> and <code>\framebox</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-lrbox-1" href="#lrbox">20.3 <code>lrbox</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cmakebox-2" href="#g_t_005cmakebox">20.4 <code>\makebox</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cparbox-1" href="#g_t_005cparbox">20.5 <code>\parbox</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005craisebox-1" href="#g_t_005craisebox">20.6 <code>\raisebox</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005csavebox-1" href="#g_t_005csavebox">20.7 <code>\savebox</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005csbox_007b_005cboxcmd_007d_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csbox">20.8 <code>\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cusebox_007b_005cboxcmd" href="#g_t_005cusebox">20.9 <code>\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var></code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cmbox_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005cmbox">21.1 <code>\mbox{<var>text}</var></code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox-1" href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox">21.2 <code>\fbox</code> and <code>\framebox</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-lrbox-1" href="#lrbox">21.3 <code>lrbox</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cmakebox-2" href="#g_t_005cmakebox">21.4 <code>\makebox</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cparbox-1" href="#g_t_005cparbox">21.5 <code>\parbox</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005craisebox-1" href="#g_t_005craisebox">21.6 <code>\raisebox</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005csavebox-1" href="#g_t_005csavebox">21.7 <code>\savebox</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005csbox_007b_005cboxcmd_007d_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csbox">21.8 <code>\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cusebox_007b_005cboxcmd" href="#g_t_005cusebox">21.9 <code>\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var></code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Special-insertions-1" href="#Special-insertions">21 Special insertions</a> + <li><a name="toc-Special-insertions-1" href="#Special-insertions">22 Special insertions</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-Reserved-characters-1" href="#Reserved-characters">21.1 Reserved characters</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Text-symbols-1" href="#Text-symbols">21.2 Text symbols</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Accents-1" href="#Accents">21.3 Accents</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Non_002dEnglish-characters-1" href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">21.4 Non-English characters</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005crule-1" href="#g_t_005crule">21.5 <code>\rule</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005ctoday-1" href="#g_t_005ctoday">21.6 <code>\today</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Reserved-characters-1" href="#Reserved-characters">22.1 Reserved characters</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Text-symbols-1" href="#Text-symbols">22.2 Text symbols</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Accents-1" href="#Accents">22.3 Accents</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Non_002dEnglish-characters-1" href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">22.4 Non-English characters</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005crule-1" href="#g_t_005crule">22.5 <code>\rule</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ctoday-1" href="#g_t_005ctoday">22.6 <code>\today</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#Splitting-the-input">22 Splitting the input</a> + <li><a name="toc-Splitting-the-input-1" href="#Splitting-the-input">23 Splitting the input</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005cinclude-1" href="#g_t_005cinclude">22.1 <code>\include</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cincludeonly-1" href="#g_t_005cincludeonly">22.2 \<code>includeonly</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cinput-1" href="#g_t_005cinput">22.3 \input</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cinclude-1" href="#g_t_005cinclude">23.1 <code>\include</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cincludeonly-1" href="#g_t_005cincludeonly">23.2 \<code>includeonly</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cinput-1" href="#g_t_005cinput">23.3 \input</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#Front_002fback-matter">23 Front/back matter</a> + <li><a name="toc-Front_002fback-matter-1" href="#Front_002fback-matter">24 Front/back matter</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-Tables-of-contents-1" href="#Tables-of-contents">23.1 Tables of contents</a> + <li><a name="toc-Tables-of-contents-1" href="#Tables-of-contents">24.1 Tables of contents</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005caddcontentsline-1" href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">23.1.1 \addcontentsline</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005caddtocontents-1" href="#g_t_005caddtocontents">23.1.2 \addtocontents</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005caddcontentsline-1" href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline">24.1.1 \addcontentsline</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005caddtocontents-1" href="#g_t_005caddtocontents">24.1.2 \addtocontents</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Glossaries-1" href="#Glossaries">23.2 Glossaries</a></li> - <li><a name="toc-Indexes-1" href="#Indexes">23.3 Indexes</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Glossaries-1" href="#Glossaries">24.2 Glossaries</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Indexes-1" href="#Indexes">24.3 Indexes</a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Letters-1" href="#Letters">24 Letters</a> + <li><a name="toc-Letters-1" href="#Letters">25 Letters</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005caddress_007breturn_002daddress_007d" href="#g_t_005caddress">24.1 \address{<var>return-address}</var></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005ccc-1" href="#g_t_005ccc">24.2 <code>\cc</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cclosing-1" href="#g_t_005cclosing">24.3 <code>\closing</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cencl-1" href="#g_t_005cencl">24.4 <code>\encl</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005clocation-1" href="#g_t_005clocation">24.5 <code>\location</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cmakelabels-1" href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">24.6 <code>\makelabels</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cname-1" href="#g_t_005cname">24.7 <code>\name</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005copening_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005copening">24.8 <code>\opening{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cps-1" href="#g_t_005cps">24.9 <code>\ps</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005csignature_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csignature">24.10 <code>\signature{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cstartbreaks-1" href="#g_t_005cstartbreaks">24.11 <code>\startbreaks</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005cstopbreaks-1" href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks">24.12 <code>\stopbreaks</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005ctelephone-1" href="#g_t_005ctelephone">24.13 <code>\telephone</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005caddress_007breturn_002daddress_007d" href="#g_t_005caddress">25.1 \address{<var>return-address}</var></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ccc-1" href="#g_t_005ccc">25.2 <code>\cc</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cclosing-1" href="#g_t_005cclosing">25.3 <code>\closing</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cencl-1" href="#g_t_005cencl">25.4 <code>\encl</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005clocation-1" href="#g_t_005clocation">25.5 <code>\location</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cmakelabels-1" href="#g_t_005cmakelabels">25.6 <code>\makelabels</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cname-1" href="#g_t_005cname">25.7 <code>\name</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005copening_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005copening">25.8 <code>\opening{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cps-1" href="#g_t_005cps">25.9 <code>\ps</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005csignature_007btext_007d" href="#g_t_005csignature">25.10 <code>\signature{<var>text</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cstartbreaks-1" href="#g_t_005cstartbreaks">25.11 <code>\startbreaks</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005cstopbreaks-1" href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks">25.12 <code>\stopbreaks</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ctelephone-1" href="#g_t_005ctelephone">25.13 <code>\telephone</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1" href="#Terminal-input_002foutput">25 Terminal input/output</a> + <li><a name="toc-Terminal-input_002foutput-1" href="#Terminal-input_002foutput">26 Terminal input/output</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> - <li><a name="toc-_005ctypein_005bcmd_005d_007bmsg_007d" href="#g_t_005ctypein">25.1 <code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></a></li> - <li><a name="toc-_005ctypeout_007bmsg_007d" href="#g_t_005ctypeout">25.2 <code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ctypein_005bcmd_005d_007bmsg_007d" href="#g_t_005ctypein">26.1 <code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></a></li> + <li><a name="toc-_005ctypeout_007bmsg_007d" href="#g_t_005ctypeout">26.2 <code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></a></li> </ul></li> - <li><a name="toc-Command-line-1" href="#Command-line">26 Command line</a></li> + <li><a name="toc-Command-line-1" href="#Command-line">27 Command line</a></li> <li><a name="toc-Document-templates-1" href="#Document-templates">Appendix A Document templates</a> <ul class="no-bullet"> <li><a name="toc-book-template-1" href="#book-template">A.1 <code>book</code> template</a></li> @@ -393,45 +395,36 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} <a name="Top"></a> <div class="header"> <p> -Next: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="n" rel="next">Overview</a>, Up: <a href="dir.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +Next: <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="n" rel="next">About this document</a>, Up: <a href="dir.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="LaTeX2e"></a> <h1 class="top">LaTeX2e</h1> <p>This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a -document preparation system, version as of July 2010. It is +document preparation system, version as of May 2011. It is intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years. </p> -<a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e"></a> -<a name="index-Lamport_002c-Leslie"></a> -<a name="index-LaTeX-Project-team"></a> -<p>LaTeX is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth’s -TeX typesetting program. LaTeX was originally created by Leslie -Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers -(<a href="http://latex-project.org">http://latex-project.org</a>). The official documentation written -by the LaTeX project is available there. Again, the present -document is unofficial and has not been reviewed by the LaTeX -maintainers. -</p> <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Overview" accesskey="1">Overview</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> What is LaTeX? +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="1">About this document</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Bug reporting, etc. </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending" accesskey="2">Starting & ending</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> The standard beginning and end of a document. +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Overview" accesskey="2">Overview</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> What is LaTeX? </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="3">Document classes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Some of the various classes available. +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending" accesskey="3">Starting & ending</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> The standard beginning and end of a document. </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Typefaces" accesskey="4">Typefaces</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> And fonts, such as bold, italics etc. +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="4">Document classes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Some of the various classes available. </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Layout" accesskey="5">Layout</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Controlling the page layout. +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Typefaces" accesskey="5">Typefaces</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> And fonts, such as bold, italics etc. </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="6">Sectioning</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> How to section properly. +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Layout" accesskey="6">Layout</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Controlling the page layout. </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="7">Cross references</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Automatic referencing. +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="7">Sectioning</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> How to section properly. </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Environments" accesskey="8">Environments</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Such as enumerate & itemize. +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="8">Cross references</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Automatic referencing. </td></tr> -<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="9">Line breaking</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Influencing line breaks. +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Environments" accesskey="9">Environments</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Such as enumerate & itemize. +</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Line-breaking">Line breaking</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Influencing line breaks. </td></tr> <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> Influencing page breaks. </td></tr> @@ -476,61 +469,129 @@ maintainers. </table> +<a name="About-this-document"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="n" rel="next">Overview</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Top</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +</div> +<a name="Overview-of-LaTeX-1"></a> +<h1 class="chapter">1 Overview of LaTeX</h1> + +<a name="index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e"></a> +<a name="index-Lamport_002c-Leslie"></a> +<a name="index-LaTeX-Project-team"></a> +<p>The LaTeX document preparation system is implemented as a macro +package for Donald E. Knuth’s TeX typesetting program. +LaTeX was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now +maintained by a group of volunteers (<a href="http://latex-project.org">http://latex-project.org</a>). +The official documentation written by the LaTeX project is +available from their web site. +</p> +<a name="index-bug-reporting"></a> +<a name="index-reporting-bugs"></a> +<a name="index-latexrefman_002ddiscuss_0040gna_002eorg-email-address"></a> +<p>The present document is completely unofficial and has not been +reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. Do not send bug reports or +anything else about this document to them. Instead, please send all +comments to <a href="mailto:latexrefman-discuss@gna.org">latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</a>. +</p> +<p>The home page for this document is +<a href="http://home.gna.org/latexrefman">http://home.gna.org/latexrefman</a>. That page has links to the +current output in various formats, sources, mailing lists, and other +infrastructure. +</p> + +<hr> <a name="Overview"></a> <div class="header"> <p> -Next: <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending" accesskey="n" rel="next">Starting & ending</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Top</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +Next: <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending" accesskey="n" rel="next">Starting & ending</a>, Previous: <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="p" rel="previous">About this document</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Overview-of-LaTeX"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">1 Overview of LaTeX</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">2 Overview of LaTeX</h1> +<p>What is LaTeX? +</p> <a name="index-overview-of-LaTeX"></a> +<a name="index-basics-of-LaTeX"></a> <a name="index-LaTeX-overview"></a> - -<p>The LaTeX command typesets a file of text using the TeX program -and the LaTeX “macro package” for TeX. To be more specific, -it processes an input file containing the text of a document with -interspersed commands that describe how the text should be formatted. -It produces at least three files as output: +<p>LaTeX typesets a file of text using the TeX program and the +LaTeX “macro package” for TeX. That is, it processes an input +file containing the text of a document with interspersed commands that +describe how the text should be formatted. LaTeX files are plain +text that can be written in any reasonable editor. It produces at +least three files as output: </p> <ol> <li> -A main output file, which is one of: +The main output file, which is one of: -<ol> -<li> -If invoked as <code>latex</code>, a “Device Independent” (‘<tt>.dvi</tt>’) -file. This contains commands that can be translated into commands for -a variety of output devices. You can view such ‘<tt>.dvi</tt>’ output of -LaTeX by using a program such as <code>xdvi</code> (display directly) -or <code>dvips</code> (convert to PostScript). - -</li><li> -If invoked as <code>pdflatex</code>, a “Portable Document Format” +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt><code>.dvi</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002edvi-file"></a> +<a name="index-latex-command"></a> +<p>If invoked as <code>latex</code>, a “Device Independent” (‘<tt>.dvi</tt>’) +file is produced. This contains commands that can be translated into +commands for virtually any output device. You can view such +‘<tt>.dvi</tt>’ output of LaTeX by using a program such as +<code>xdvi</code> (display directly), <code>dvips</code> (convert to +PostScript), or <code>dvipdfmx</code> (convert to PDF). +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>.pdf</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002epdf-file"></a> +<a name="index-pdfTeX"></a> +<a name="index-pdflatex-command"></a> +<p>If invoked as <code>pdflatex</code>, a “Portable Document Format” (‘<tt>.pdf</tt>’) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does make the output much larger than the ‘<tt>.dvi</tt>’ produced from the same document. -</li></ol> +</p> +<a name="index-lualatex-command"></a> +<a name="index-LuaTeX"></a> +<p>If invoked as <code>lualatex</code>, a ‘<tt>.pdf</tt>’ file is created using +the LuaTeX engine (<a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>). +</p> +<a name="index-xelatex-command"></a> +<a name="index-XeTeX"></a> +<p>If invoked as <code>xelatex</code>, a ‘<tt>.pdf</tt>’ file is created using +the XeTeX engine (<a href="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</a>). +</p> +</dd> +</dl> -<p>There are other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) as well, -which can produce HTML, XML, and other things. +<p>Many other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) exist, which +can produce HTML, XML, and other things. </p> </li><li> -A “transcript” or ‘<tt>.log</tt>’ file that contains summary information and -diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input file. +<a name="index-transcript-file"></a> +<a name="index-log-file"></a> +<a name="index-_002elog-file"></a> +The “transcript” or ‘<tt>.log</tt>’ file that contains summary +information and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the +input file. </li><li> -An “auxiliary” or ‘<tt>.aux</tt>’ file. This is used by LaTeX itself, for -things such as sectioning. +<a name="index-auxiliary-file"></a> +<a name="index-_002eaux-file"></a> +An “auxiliary” or ‘<tt>.aux</tt>’ file. This is used by LaTeX itself, +for things such as cross-references. </li></ol> -<p>A LaTeX command begins with the command name, which consists of a -<code>\</code> followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a -single non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, <code>[]</code>, -are optional while arguments contained in braces, <code>{}</code>, are +<p>An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won’t try to +list them all. Xxx components? +</p> +<a name="index-_005c-character-starting-commands"></a> +<a name="index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-for-optional-arguments"></a> +<a name="index-_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d-for-required-arguments"></a> +<p>In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a <code>\</code>, +followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single +non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, <code>[]</code>, are +optional while arguments contained in braces, <code>{}</code>, are required. </p> +<a name="index-case-sensitivity-of-LaTeX"></a> <p>LaTeX is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless explicitly directed to do otherwise. </p> @@ -542,7 +603,7 @@ explicitly directed to do otherwise. Next: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Document classes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Overview" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Overview</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Starting-_0026-ending-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">2 Starting & ending</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">3 Starting & ending</h1> <a name="index-starting-_0026-ending"></a> <a name="index-ending-_0026-starting"></a> @@ -573,7 +634,7 @@ and the <code>\begin{document}</code> commands (this area is called the Next: <a href="#Typefaces" accesskey="n" rel="next">Typefaces</a>, Previous: <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Starting & ending</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Document-classes-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">3 Document classes</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">4 Document classes</h1> <a name="index-document-classes"></a> <a name="index-classes-of-documents"></a> @@ -616,7 +677,7 @@ classes are available as add-ons; see <a href="#Overview">Overview</a>): Up: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Document classes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Document-class-options-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">3.1 Document class options</h2> +<h2 class="section">4.1 Document class options</h2> <a name="index-document-class-options"></a> <a name="index-options_002c-document-class"></a> @@ -715,7 +776,7 @@ the distance on even (odd) numbered pages between the left side of the page and the text’s left margin. The defaults vary with the paper size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For one-sided printing the text is centered, for two-sided, <code>\oddsidemargin</code> is -40% of the difference between <code>\paperwidth</code> and <code>\textwidth</code> +40% of the difference between <code>\paperwidth</code> and <code>\textwidth</code>, with <code>\evensidemargin</code> the remainder. </p> </dd> @@ -756,7 +817,7 @@ by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with Next: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="n" rel="next">Layout</a>, Previous: <a href="#Document-classes" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Document classes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Typefaces-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">4 Typefaces</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">5 Typefaces</h1> <a name="index-typefaces"></a> <a name="index-fonts"></a> @@ -781,7 +842,7 @@ and a style. The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here. Next: <a href="#Font-sizes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Font sizes</a>, Up: <a href="#Typefaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Typefaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Font-styles-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">4.1 Font styles</h2> +<h2 class="section">5.1 Font styles</h2> <a name="index-font-styles"></a> <a name="index-typeface-styles"></a> @@ -983,7 +1044,7 @@ things. Next: <a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">Low-level font commands</a>, Previous: <a href="#Font-styles" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Font styles</a>, Up: <a href="#Typefaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Typefaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Font-sizes-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">4.2 Font sizes</h2> +<h2 class="section">5.2 Font sizes</h2> <a name="index-font-sizes"></a> <a name="index-typeface-sizes"></a> <a name="index-sizes-of-text"></a> @@ -1031,7 +1092,7 @@ these commands; for instance, <code>\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}</code>. Previous: <a href="#Font-sizes" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Font sizes</a>, Up: <a href="#Typefaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Typefaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Low_002dlevel-font-commands-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">4.3 Low-level font commands</h2> +<h2 class="section">5.3 Low-level font commands</h2> <a name="index-low_002dlevel-font-commands"></a> <a name="index-font-commands_002c-low_002dlevel"></a> @@ -1139,7 +1200,7 @@ followed by <code>\selectfont</code>. Next: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="n" rel="next">Sectioning</a>, Previous: <a href="#Typefaces" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Typefaces</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Layout-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">5 Layout</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">6 Layout</h1> <a name="index-layout-commands"></a> <p>Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page. @@ -1165,7 +1226,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="n" rel="next">Sectioning</a>, Previous: < Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn" accesskey="n" rel="next">\twocolumn</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005conecolumn-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">5.1 <code>\onecolumn</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">6.1 <code>\onecolumn</code></h2> <a name="index-_005conecolumn"></a> <a name="index-one_002dcolumn-output"></a> @@ -1180,7 +1241,7 @@ single-column output. This is the default. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cflushbottom" accesskey="n" rel="next">\flushbottom</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005conecolumn" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\onecolumn</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ctwocolumn-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">5.2 <code>\twocolumn</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">6.2 <code>\twocolumn</code></h2> <a name="index-_005ctwocolumn"></a> <a name="index-multicolumn-text"></a> <a name="index-two_002dcolumn-output"></a> @@ -1263,7 +1324,7 @@ and the main text. Default ‘<samp>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</samp>’. Next: <a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom" accesskey="n" rel="next">\raggedbottom</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\twocolumn</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cflushbottom-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">5.3 <code>\flushbottom</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">6.3 <code>\flushbottom</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cflushbottom"></a> @@ -1282,7 +1343,7 @@ page. Next: <a href="#Page-layout-parameters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page layout parameters</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cflushbottom" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\flushbottom</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005craggedbottom-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">5.4 <code>\raggedbottom</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">6.4 <code>\raggedbottom</code></h2> <a name="index-_005craggedbottom"></a> <a name="index-stretch_002c-omitting-vertical"></a> @@ -1298,7 +1359,7 @@ stretched. Previous: <a href="#g_t_005craggedbottom" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\raggedbottom</a>, Up: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="u" rel="up">Layout</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Page-layout-parameters-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">5.5 Page layout parameters</h2> +<h2 class="section">6.5 Page layout parameters</h2> <a name="index-page-layout-parameters"></a> <a name="index-parameters_002c-page-layout"></a> @@ -1335,8 +1396,11 @@ class, where it varies with the type size. <dt><code>\linewidth</code> <a name="index-_005clinewidth"></a> </dt> -<dd><p>Width of the current line; the default varies with the font size, -paper width, two-column mode, etc. For an <code>article</code> document in +<dd><p>Width of the current line, decreased for each nested <code>list</code> +(see <a href="#list">list</a>). Specifically, it is smaller than <code>\textwidth</code> by +the sum of <code>\leftmargin</code> and <code>\rightmargin</code> +(see <a href="#itemize">itemize</a>). The default varies with the font size, paper +width, two-column mode, etc. For an <code>article</code> document in ‘<samp>10pt</samp>’, it’s set to ‘<samp>345pt</samp>’; in two-column mode, that becomes ‘<samp>229.5pt</samp>’. </p> @@ -1355,11 +1419,30 @@ For ‘<samp>11pt</samp>’, it’s ‘<samp>38\baselineskip</sa <dt><code>\textwidth</code> <a name="index-_005ctextwidth"></a> </dt> -<dd><p>The normal horizontal width of the page body; the default varies as -usual. For an <code>article</code> or <code>report</code> document, it’s +<dd><p>The full horizontal width of the entire page body; the default varies +as usual. For an <code>article</code> or <code>report</code> document, it’s ‘<samp>345pt</samp>’ at ‘<samp>10pt</samp>’, ‘<samp>360pt</samp>’ at ‘<samp>11pt</samp>’, and ‘<samp>390pt</samp>’ at ‘<samp>12pt</samp>’. For a <code>book</code> document, it’s -‘<samp>4.5in</samp>’ at ‘<samp>10pt</samp>’, and ‘<samp>5in</samp>’ at ‘<samp>11pt</samp>’ or ‘<samp>12pt</samp>’. +‘<samp>4.5in</samp>’ at ‘<samp>10pt</samp>’, and ‘<samp>5in</samp>’ at ‘<samp>11pt</samp>’ or +‘<samp>12pt</samp>’. +</p> +<p>In multi-column output, <code>\textwidth</code> remains the width of the +entire page body, while <code>\columnwidth</code> is the width of one column +(see <a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a>). +</p> +<p>In lists (see <a href="#list">list</a>), <code>\textwidth</code> remains the width of the +entire page body (and <code>\columnwidth</code> the width of the entire +column), while <code>\linewidth</code> may decrease for nested lists. +</p> +<p>Inside a minipage (see <a href="#minipage">minipage</a>) or <code>\parbox</code> +(see <a href="#g_t_005cparbox">\parbox</a>), all the width-related parameters are set to the +specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of the +<code>minipage</code> or <code>\parbox</code>. +</p> +<a name="index-_005chsize"></a> +<p>For completeness: <code>\hsize</code> is the TeX primitive parameter used +when text is broken into lines. It should not be used in normal +LaTeX documents. </p> </dd> <dt><code>\topmargin</code> @@ -1390,7 +1473,7 @@ same as the font size, e.g., ‘<samp>10pt</samp>’ at ‘<samp>10p Next: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="n" rel="next">Cross references</a>, Previous: <a href="#Layout" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Layout</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Sectioning-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">6 Sectioning</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">7 Sectioning</h1> <a name="index-sectioning"></a> <p>Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units: @@ -1485,7 +1568,7 @@ The setting Next: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="n" rel="next">Environments</a>, Previous: <a href="#Sectioning" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Sectioning</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Cross-references-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">7 Cross references</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">8 Cross references</h1> <a name="index-cross-references"></a> <p>One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer @@ -1508,7 +1591,7 @@ the reader to them, as in “See Figure 3 for more details.” Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpageref" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pageref</a>, Up: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross references</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005clabel-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">7.1 <code>\label</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">8.1 <code>\label</code></h2> <a name="index-_005clabel"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -1557,7 +1640,7 @@ a colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes: Next: <a href="#g_t_005cref" accesskey="n" rel="next">\ref</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005clabel" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\label</a>, Up: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross references</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cpageref_007bkey_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">7.2 <code>\pageref{<var>key</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">8.2 <code>\pageref{<var>key</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cpageref"></a> <a name="index-cross-referencing-with-page-number"></a> <a name="index-page-number_002c-cross-referencing"></a> @@ -1580,7 +1663,7 @@ the place in the text where the corresponding Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpageref" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\pageref</a>, Up: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="u" rel="up">Cross references</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cref_007bkey_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">7.3 <code>\ref{<var>key</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">8.3 <code>\ref{<var>key</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cref"></a> <a name="index-cross-referencing_002c-symbolic"></a> <a name="index-section-number_002c-cross-referencing"></a> @@ -1607,7 +1690,7 @@ such as the word ‘Section’ or ‘Figure’, just the bare nu Next: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Line breaking</a>, Previous: <a href="#Cross-references" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Cross references</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Environments-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">8 Environments</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">9 Environments</h1> <a name="index-environments"></a> <a name="index-_005cbegin"></a> @@ -1689,7 +1772,7 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner: Next: <a href="#array" accesskey="n" rel="next">array</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="abstract-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.1 <code>abstract</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.1 <code>abstract</code></h2> <a name="index-abstract-environment"></a> <a name="index-abstracts"></a> @@ -1711,7 +1794,7 @@ Next: <a href="#array" accesskey="n" rel="next">array</a>, Up: <a href="#Environ Next: <a href="#center" accesskey="n" rel="next">center</a>, Previous: <a href="#abstract" accesskey="p" rel="previous">abstract</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="array-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.2 <code>array</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.2 <code>array</code></h2> <a name="index-array-environment"></a> <a name="index-arrays_002c-math"></a> @@ -1779,7 +1862,7 @@ namely <code>\arrayrulewidth</code> and <code>\arraystretch</code>. Next: <a href="#description" accesskey="n" rel="next">description</a>, Previous: <a href="#array" accesskey="p" rel="previous">array</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="center-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.3 <code>center</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.3 <code>center</code></h2> <a name="index-center-environment"></a> <a name="index-centering-text_002c-environment-for"></a> @@ -1812,7 +1895,7 @@ string <code>\\</code>. Up: <a href="#center" accesskey="u" rel="up">center</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ccentering-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.3.1 <code>\centering</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.3.1 <code>\centering</code></h3> <a name="index-_005ccentering"></a> <a name="index-centering-text_002c-declaration-for"></a> @@ -1847,7 +1930,7 @@ second line \\ Next: <a href="#displaymath" accesskey="n" rel="next">displaymath</a>, Previous: <a href="#center" accesskey="p" rel="previous">center</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="description-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.4 <code>description</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.4 <code>description</code></h2> <a name="index-description-environment"></a> <a name="index-labelled-lists_002c-creating"></a> @@ -1887,7 +1970,7 @@ plain typewriter}]</code>. Next: <a href="#document" accesskey="n" rel="next">document</a>, Previous: <a href="#description" accesskey="p" rel="previous">description</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="displaymath-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.5 <code>displaymath</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.5 <code>displaymath</code></h2> <a name="index-displaymath-environment"></a> @@ -1921,7 +2004,7 @@ equation number, use the <code>equation</code> environment (see <a href="#equati Next: <a href="#enumerate" accesskey="n" rel="next">enumerate</a>, Previous: <a href="#displaymath" accesskey="p" rel="previous">displaymath</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="document-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.6 <code>document</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.6 <code>document</code></h2> <a name="index-document-environment"></a> @@ -1936,7 +2019,7 @@ It is required in every LaTeX document. See <a href="#Starting-_0026-ending">St Next: <a href="#eqnarray" accesskey="n" rel="next">eqnarray</a>, Previous: <a href="#document" accesskey="p" rel="previous">document</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="enumerate-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.7 <code>enumerate</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.7 <code>enumerate</code></h2> <a name="index-enumerate-environment"></a> <a name="index-lists-of-items_002c-numbered"></a> @@ -2002,7 +2085,7 @@ letters: Next: <a href="#equation" accesskey="n" rel="next">equation</a>, Previous: <a href="#enumerate" accesskey="p" rel="previous">enumerate</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="eqnarray-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.8 <code>eqnarray</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.8 <code>eqnarray</code></h2> <a name="index-eqnarray-environment"></a> <a name="index-equations_002c-aligning"></a> @@ -2047,7 +2130,7 @@ zero width. Next: <a href="#figure" accesskey="n" rel="next">figure</a>, Previous: <a href="#eqnarray" accesskey="p" rel="previous">eqnarray</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="equation-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.9 <code>equation</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.9 <code>equation</code></h2> <a name="index-equation-environment"></a> <a name="index-equations_002c-environment-for"></a> @@ -2073,7 +2156,7 @@ on the page, and also places an equation number in the right margin. Next: <a href="#flushleft" accesskey="n" rel="next">flushleft</a>, Previous: <a href="#equation" accesskey="p" rel="previous">equation</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="figure-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.10 <code>figure</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.10 <code>figure</code></h2> <a name="index-figure"></a> <a name="index-inserting-figures"></a> <a name="index-figures_002c-inserting"></a> @@ -2198,7 +2281,7 @@ floats; default is ‘<samp>.7</samp>’. Next: <a href="#flushright" accesskey="n" rel="next">flushright</a>, Previous: <a href="#figure" accesskey="p" rel="previous">figure</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="flushleft-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.11 <code>flushleft</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.11 <code>flushleft</code></h2> <a name="index-flushleft-environment"></a> <a name="index-left_002djustifying-text_002c-environment-for"></a> <a name="index-ragged-right-text_002c-environment-for"></a> @@ -2229,7 +2312,7 @@ right Each line must be terminated with the string <code>\\</code>. Up: <a href="#flushleft" accesskey="u" rel="up">flushleft</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005craggedright-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.11.1 <code>\raggedright</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.11.1 <code>\raggedright</code></h3> <a name="index-_005craggedright"></a> <a name="index-ragged-right-text"></a> <a name="index-left_002djustifying-text"></a> @@ -2253,7 +2336,7 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit. Next: <a href="#itemize" accesskey="n" rel="next">itemize</a>, Previous: <a href="#flushleft" accesskey="p" rel="previous">flushleft</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="flushright-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.12 <code>flushright</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.12 <code>flushright</code></h2> <a name="index-flushright-environment"></a> <a name="index-ragged-left-text_002c-environment-for"></a> <a name="index-right_002djustifying-text_002c-environment-for"></a> @@ -2284,7 +2367,7 @@ left. Each line must be terminated with the string <code>\\</code>. Up: <a href="#flushright" accesskey="u" rel="up">flushright</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005craggedleft-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.12.1 <code>\raggedleft</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.12.1 <code>\raggedleft</code></h3> <a name="index-_005craggedleft"></a> <a name="index-ragged-left-text"></a> <a name="index-justification_002c-ragged-left"></a> @@ -2308,7 +2391,7 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit. Next: <a href="#letter" accesskey="n" rel="next">letter</a>, Previous: <a href="#flushright" accesskey="p" rel="previous">flushright</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="itemize-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.13 <code>itemize</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.13 <code>itemize</code></h2> <a name="index-itemize-environment"></a> <a name="index-_005citem-2"></a> <a name="index-lists-of-items"></a> @@ -2479,7 +2562,7 @@ see <a href="#g_t_005cparskip">\parskip</a>): Next: <a href="#list" accesskey="n" rel="next">list</a>, Previous: <a href="#itemize" accesskey="p" rel="previous">itemize</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="letter-environment_003a-writing-letters"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.14 <code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</h2> +<h2 class="section">9.14 <code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</h2> <a name="index-letter"></a> <p>This environment is used for creating letters. See <a href="#Letters">Letters</a>. @@ -2492,7 +2575,7 @@ Next: <a href="#list" accesskey="n" rel="next">list</a>, Previous: <a href="#ite Next: <a href="#math" accesskey="n" rel="next">math</a>, Previous: <a href="#letter" accesskey="p" rel="previous">letter</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="list-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.15 <code>list</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.15 <code>list</code></h2> <a name="index-list"></a> <a name="index-lists-of-items_002c-generic"></a> @@ -2517,6 +2600,9 @@ label. It can and usually does contain other LaTeX commands. spacing parameters for the list. This argument will most often be empty, i.e., <code>{}</code>, which leaves the default spacing. </p> +<p>The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by +<code>\linewidth</code> (see <a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a>). +</p> <hr> <a name="math"></a> @@ -2525,7 +2611,7 @@ empty, i.e., <code>{}</code>, which leaves the default spacing. Next: <a href="#minipage" accesskey="n" rel="next">minipage</a>, Previous: <a href="#list" accesskey="p" rel="previous">list</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="math-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.16 <code>math</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.16 <code>math</code></h2> <a name="index-math-environment"></a> <a name="index-in_002dline-formulas"></a> @@ -2550,7 +2636,7 @@ See <a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a>. Next: <a href="#picture" accesskey="n" rel="next">picture</a>, Previous: <a href="#math" accesskey="p" rel="previous">math</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="minipage-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.17 <code>minipage</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.17 <code>minipage</code></h2> <a name="index-minipage-environment"></a> <a name="index-minipage_002c-creating-a"></a> @@ -2595,7 +2681,7 @@ footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage. Next: <a href="#quotation" accesskey="n" rel="next">quotation</a>, Previous: <a href="#minipage" accesskey="p" rel="previous">minipage</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="picture-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.18 <code>picture</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.18 <code>picture</code></h2> <a name="index-picture"></a> <a name="index-creating-pictures"></a> @@ -2716,7 +2802,7 @@ be the lower left corner of the box. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">\makebox (picture)</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ccircle-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.1 <code>\circle</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.1 <code>\circle</code></h3> <a name="index-_005ccircle"></a> <div class="example"> @@ -2737,7 +2823,7 @@ draws a solid circle. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">\framebox (picture)</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccircle" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\circle</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cmakebox-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.2 <code>\makebox</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.2 <code>\makebox</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029"></a> <p><code>\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}</code> @@ -2778,7 +2864,7 @@ your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: Next: <a href="#g_t_005cdashbox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\dashbox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\makebox (picture)</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cframebox"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.3 <code>\framebox</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.3 <code>\framebox</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cframebox"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -2805,7 +2891,7 @@ and the contents of the box. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cframe" accesskey="n" rel="next">\frame</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\framebox (picture)</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cdashbox-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.4 <code>\dashbox</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.4 <code>\dashbox</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cdashbox"></a> @@ -2830,7 +2916,7 @@ multiples of the <code>dlen</code>. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cline" accesskey="n" rel="next">\line</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cdashbox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\dashbox</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cframe-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.5 <code>\frame</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.5 <code>\frame</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cframe"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -2851,7 +2937,7 @@ space is put between the frame and the object. Next: <a href="#g_t_005clinethickness" accesskey="n" rel="next">\linethickness</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cframe" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\frame</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cline-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.6 <code>\line</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.6 <code>\line</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cline"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -2876,7 +2962,7 @@ see the <code>curve2e</code> and many many other packages on CTAN. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthicklines" accesskey="n" rel="next">\thicklines</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cline" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\line</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005clinethickness-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.7 <code>\linethickness</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.7 <code>\linethickness</code></h3> <a name="index-_005clinethickness"></a> <p>The <code>\linethickness{<var>dim</var>}</code> command declares the thickness @@ -2894,7 +2980,7 @@ circles, or the quarter circles drawn by <code>\oval</code>. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthinlines" accesskey="n" rel="next">\thinlines</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005clinethickness" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\linethickness</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cthicklines-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.8 <code>\thicklines</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.8 <code>\thicklines</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cthicklines"></a> <p>The <code>\thicklines</code> command is an alternate line thickness for @@ -2909,7 +2995,7 @@ cf. <a href="#g_t_005clinethickness">\linethickness</a> and <a href="#g_t_0 Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmultiput" accesskey="n" rel="next">\multiput</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthicklines" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\thicklines</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cthinlines-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.9 <code>\thinlines</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.9 <code>\thinlines</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cthinlines"></a> <p>The <code>\thinlines</code> command is the default line thickness for @@ -2924,7 +3010,7 @@ cf. <a href="#g_t_005clinethickness">\linethickness</a> and <a href="#g_t_0 Next: <a href="#g_t_005coval" accesskey="n" rel="next">\oval</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthinlines" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\thinlines</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cmultiput-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.10 <code>\multiput</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.10 <code>\multiput</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cmultiput"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -2945,7 +3031,7 @@ pattern across a picture. <var>obj</var> is first placed at position Next: <a href="#g_t_005cput" accesskey="n" rel="next">\put</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmultiput" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\multiput</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005coval-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.11 <code>\oval</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.11 <code>\oval</code></h3> <a name="index-_005coval"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -2985,7 +3071,7 @@ boxes with rounded corners. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cshortstack" accesskey="n" rel="next">\shortstack</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005coval" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\oval</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cput-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.12 <code>\put</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.12 <code>\put</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cput"></a> @@ -3002,7 +3088,7 @@ argument at the given coordinates. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvector" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vector</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cput" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\put</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cshortstack-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.13 <code>\shortstack</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.13 <code>\shortstack</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cshortstack"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -3037,7 +3123,7 @@ positions are: Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cshortstack" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\shortstack</a>, Up: <a href="#picture" accesskey="u" rel="up">picture</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cvector-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.18.14 <code>\vector</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.18.14 <code>\vector</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cvector"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -3058,7 +3144,7 @@ length and slope. The <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> values must lie between Next: <a href="#quote" accesskey="n" rel="next">quote</a>, Previous: <a href="#picture" accesskey="p" rel="previous">picture</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="quotation-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.19 <code>quotation</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.19 <code>quotation</code></h2> <a name="index-quotation"></a> <a name="index-quoted-text-with-paragraph-indentation_002c-displaying"></a> @@ -3088,7 +3174,7 @@ normally. Next: <a href="#tabbing" accesskey="n" rel="next">tabbing</a>, Previous: <a href="#quotation" accesskey="p" rel="previous">quotation</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="quote-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.20 <code>quote</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.20 <code>quote</code></h2> <a name="index-quote"></a> <a name="index-quoted-text-without-paragraph-indentation_002c-displaying"></a> @@ -3117,7 +3203,7 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph. Next: <a href="#table" accesskey="n" rel="next">table</a>, Previous: <a href="#quote" accesskey="p" rel="previous">quote</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="tabbing-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.21 <code>tabbing</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.21 <code>tabbing</code></h2> <a name="index-tabbing-environment"></a> <a name="index-tab-stops_002c-using"></a> @@ -3272,7 +3358,7 @@ function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\ Next: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="n" rel="next">tabular</a>, Previous: <a href="#tabbing" accesskey="p" rel="previous">tabbing</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="table-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.22 <code>table</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.22 <code>table</code></h2> <a name="index-table"></a> <a name="index-tables_002c-creating"></a> @@ -3312,7 +3398,7 @@ you wish. The <code>\caption</code> command allows you to title your table. Next: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="n" rel="next">thebibliography</a>, Previous: <a href="#table" accesskey="p" rel="previous">table</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="tabular-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.23 <code>tabular</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.23 <code>tabular</code></h2> <a name="index-tabular-environment"></a> <a name="index-lines-in-tables"></a> <a name="index-lining-text-up-in-tables"></a> @@ -3482,7 +3568,7 @@ in the <code>tabular</code> and <code>array</code> environments; default is &lsq Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccline" accesskey="n" rel="next">\cline</a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up">tabular</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cmulticolumn-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.23.1 <code>\multicolumn</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.23.1 <code>\multicolumn</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cmulticolumn"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -3517,7 +3603,7 @@ for flushleft, <code>r</code> for flushright. The third mandatory argument, Next: <a href="#g_t_005chline" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hline</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmulticolumn" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\multicolumn</a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up">tabular</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ccline-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.23.2 <code>\cline</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.23.2 <code>\cline</code></h3> <a name="index-_005ccline"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -3538,7 +3624,7 @@ which are specified in the mandatory argument. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvline" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vline</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccline" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\cline</a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up">tabular</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005chline-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.23.3 <code>\hline</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.23.3 <code>\hline</code></h3> <a name="index-_005chline"></a> <p>The <code>\hline</code> command draws a horizontal line the width of the @@ -3554,7 +3640,7 @@ of a table. Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chline" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\hline</a>, Up: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="u" rel="up">tabular</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cvline-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.23.4 <code>\vline</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.23.4 <code>\vline</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cvline"></a> <p>The <code>\vline</code> command will draw a vertical line extending the full @@ -3570,7 +3656,7 @@ move the line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an Next: <a href="#theorem" accesskey="n" rel="next">theorem</a>, Previous: <a href="#tabular" accesskey="p" rel="previous">tabular</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="thebibliography-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.24 <code>thebibliography</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.24 <code>thebibliography</code></h2> <a name="index-thebibliography"></a> <a name="index-bibliography_002c-creating-_0028manually_0029"></a> @@ -3621,7 +3707,7 @@ less than 10 references, <code>99</code> for ones with less than 100, etc. Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccite" accesskey="n" rel="next">\cite</a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up">thebibliography</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cbibitem-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.24.1 <code>\bibitem</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.24.1 <code>\bibitem</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cbibitem"></a> @@ -3651,7 +3737,7 @@ associated label. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnocite" accesskey="n" rel="next">\nocite</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cbibitem" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\bibitem</a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up">thebibliography</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ccite-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.24.2 <code>\cite</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.24.2 <code>\cite</code></h3> <a name="index-_005ccite"></a> @@ -3678,7 +3764,7 @@ citation. For example, <code>\cite[p.~314]{knuth}</code> might produce Next: <a href="#Using-BibTeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">Using BibTeX</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccite" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\cite</a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up">thebibliography</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnocite-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.24.3 <code>\nocite</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.24.3 <code>\nocite</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cnocite"></a> <p><code>\nocite{key_list}</code> @@ -3694,7 +3780,7 @@ which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the ‘<tt>.aux</tt>’ Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnocite" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\nocite</a>, Up: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="u" rel="up">thebibliography</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Using-BibTeX-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.24.4 Using BibTeX</h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.24.4 Using BibTeX</h3> <a name="index-using-BibTeX"></a> <a name="index-bibTeX_002c-using"></a> @@ -3753,7 +3839,7 @@ BibTeX format. Only the entries referred to via <code>\cite</code> and Next: <a href="#titlepage" accesskey="n" rel="next">titlepage</a>, Previous: <a href="#thebibliography" accesskey="p" rel="previous">thebibliography</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="theorem-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.25 <code>theorem</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.25 <code>theorem</code></h2> <a name="index-theorem-environment"></a> <a name="index-theorems_002c-typesetting"></a> @@ -3779,7 +3865,7 @@ possibilities for <var>n</var> are described under <code>\newtheorem</code> Next: <a href="#verbatim" accesskey="n" rel="next">verbatim</a>, Previous: <a href="#theorem" accesskey="p" rel="previous">theorem</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="titlepage-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.26 <code>titlepage</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.26 <code>titlepage</code></h2> <a name="index-titlepage-environment"></a> <a name="index-making-a-title-page"></a> @@ -3810,7 +3896,7 @@ produce a standard title page without a <code>titlepage</code> environment. Next: <a href="#verse" accesskey="n" rel="next">verse</a>, Previous: <a href="#titlepage" accesskey="p" rel="previous">titlepage</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="verbatim-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.27 <code>verbatim</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.27 <code>verbatim</code></h2> <a name="index-verbatim-environment"></a> <a name="index-verbatim-text"></a> @@ -3847,7 +3933,7 @@ effect that they would on a typewriter. Up: <a href="#verbatim" accesskey="u" rel="up">verbatim</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cverb-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">8.27.1 <code>\verb</code></h3> +<h3 class="subsection">9.27.1 <code>\verb</code></h3> <a name="index-_005cverb"></a> <a name="index-verbatim-text_002c-inline"></a> @@ -3877,7 +3963,7 @@ verbatim text. The delimiter must not appear in <var>literal-text</var>. Previous: <a href="#verbatim" accesskey="p" rel="previous">verbatim</a>, Up: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="u" rel="up">Environments</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="verse-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">8.28 <code>verse</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">9.28 <code>verse</code></h2> <a name="index-verse-environment"></a> <a name="index-poetry_002c-an-environment-for"></a> @@ -3909,7 +3995,7 @@ stanzas. Next: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page breaking</a>, Previous: <a href="#Environments" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Environments</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Line-breaking-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">9 Line breaking</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">10 Line breaking</h1> <a name="index-line-breaking"></a> <a name="index-breaking-lines"></a> @@ -3949,7 +4035,7 @@ some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the Next: <a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" accesskey="n" rel="next">\obeycr & \restorecr</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005c_005c_005b_002a_005d_005bmorespace_005d"></a> -<h2 class="section">9.1 <code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</h2> +<h2 class="section">10.1 <code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</h2> <a name="index-_005c_005c-force-line-break"></a> <a name="index-new-line_002c-starting"></a> <a name="index-line-break_002c-forcing"></a> @@ -3970,7 +4056,7 @@ except that it tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewline" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newline</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_005c" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\\</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">9.2 <code>\obeycr</code> & <code>\restorecr</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">10.2 <code>\obeycr</code> & <code>\restorecr</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cobeycr"></a> <a name="index-_005crestorecr"></a> <a name="index-new-line_002c-output-as-input"></a> @@ -3990,7 +4076,7 @@ in the output. Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="n" rel="next">\- (hyphenation)</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\obeycr & \restorecr</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnewline-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">9.3 <code>\newline</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">10.3 <code>\newline</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cnewline"></a> <a name="index-new-line_002c-starting-_0028paragraph-mode_0029"></a> @@ -4006,7 +4092,7 @@ mode. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy" accesskey="n" rel="next">\fussy</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewline" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\newline</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005c_002d-_0028discretionary-hyphen_0029"></a> -<h2 class="section">9.4 <code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</h2> +<h2 class="section">10.4 <code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</h2> <a name="index-_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029"></a> <a name="index-hyphenation_002c-forcing"></a> @@ -4029,7 +4115,7 @@ that LaTeX might otherwise have chosen. Next: <a href="#g_t_005csloppy" accesskey="n" rel="next">\sloppy</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\- (hyphenation)</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cfussy-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">9.5 <code>\fussy</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">10.5 <code>\fussy</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cfussy"></a> <p>The declaration <code>\fussy</code> (which is the default) makes TeX @@ -4047,7 +4133,7 @@ words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box. Next: <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hyphenation</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfussy" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\fussy</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005csloppy-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">9.6 <code>\sloppy</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">10.6 <code>\sloppy</code></h2> <p>The declaration <code>\sloppy</code> makes TeX less fussy about line breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose @@ -4063,7 +4149,7 @@ interword spacing. Next: <a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" accesskey="n" rel="next">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csloppy" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\sloppy</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005chyphenation-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">9.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">10.7 <code>\hyphenation</code></h2> <a name="index-_005chyphenation"></a> <a name="index-hyphenation_002c-defining"></a> @@ -4092,7 +4178,7 @@ misses the hyphenations in these words): Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chyphenation" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\hyphenation</a>, Up: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Line breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">9.8 <code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">10.8 <code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></h2> <a name="index-_005clinebreak"></a> <a name="index-_005cnolinebreak"></a> <a name="index-line-breaks_002c-forcing"></a> @@ -4122,7 +4208,7 @@ from a demand to a request. The <var>priority</var> must be a number from Next: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Line-breaking" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Line breaking</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Page-breaking-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">10 Page breaking</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">11 Page breaking</h1> <a name="index-page-breaking"></a> <a name="index-breaking-pages"></a> @@ -4151,7 +4237,7 @@ but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cclearpage" accesskey="n" rel="next">\clearpage</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ccleardoublepage-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">10.1 <code>\cleardoublepage</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">11.1 <code>\cleardoublepage</code></h2> <a name="index-_005ccleardoublepage"></a> <a name="index-starting-on-a-right_002dhand-page"></a> @@ -4169,7 +4255,7 @@ In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewpage" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newpage</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccleardoublepage" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\cleardoublepage</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cclearpage-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">10.2 <code>\clearpage</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">11.2 <code>\clearpage</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cclearpage"></a> <a name="index-flushing-floats-and-starting-a-page"></a> <a name="index-starting-a-new-page-and-clearing-floats"></a> @@ -4185,7 +4271,7 @@ figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage" accesskey="n" rel="next">\enlargethispage</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cclearpage" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\clearpage</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnewpage-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">10.3 <code>\newpage</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">11.3 <code>\newpage</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cnewpage"></a> <a name="index-new-page_002c-starting"></a> <a name="index-starting-a-new-page"></a> @@ -4201,7 +4287,7 @@ floats (see <code>\clearpage</code> above). Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewpage" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\newpage</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cenlargethispage-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">10.4 <code>\enlargethispage</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">11.4 <code>\enlargethispage</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cenlargethispage"></a> <a name="index-enlarge-current-page"></a> @@ -4225,7 +4311,7 @@ much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cenlargethispage" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\enlargethispage</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page breaking</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">10.5 <code>\pagebreak</code> & <code>\nopagebreak</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">11.5 <code>\pagebreak</code> & <code>\nopagebreak</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cpagebreak"></a> <a name="index-_005cnopagebreak"></a> <a name="index-page-break_002c-forcing"></a> @@ -4256,7 +4342,7 @@ insistent the request is. Next: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Definitions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Page-breaking" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Page breaking</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Footnotes-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">11 Footnotes</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">12 Footnotes</h1> <a name="index-footnotes_002c-creating"></a> <p>Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced @@ -4285,7 +4371,7 @@ produced with two commands, the <code>\footnotemark</code> and the Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark" accesskey="n" rel="next">\footnotemark</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cfootnote-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">11.1 <code>\footnote</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">12.1 <code>\footnote</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cfootnote"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -4310,7 +4396,7 @@ tables or in a <code>tabular</code> environment. (See following sections.) Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext" accesskey="n" rel="next">\footnotetext</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnote" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\footnote</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cfootnotemark-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">11.2 <code>\footnotemark</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">12.2 <code>\footnotemark</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cfootnotemark"></a> <p>With no optional argument, the <code>\footnotemark</code> command puts the @@ -4335,7 +4421,7 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with Next: <a href="#Symbolic-footnotes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Symbolic footnotes</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotemark" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\footnotemark</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cfootnotetext-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">11.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">12.3 <code>\footnotetext</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cfootnotetext"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -4359,7 +4445,7 @@ appear in outer paragraph mode. Next: <a href="#Footnote-parameters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Footnote parameters</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfootnotetext" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\footnotetext</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Symbolic-footnotes-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">11.4 Symbolic footnotes</h2> +<h2 class="section">12.4 Symbolic footnotes</h2> <a name="index-footnotes_002c-symbolic-instead-of-numbered"></a> <p>If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing @@ -4384,7 +4470,7 @@ redefine <code>\@fnsymbol</code>. Previous: <a href="#Symbolic-footnotes" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Symbolic footnotes</a>, Up: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Footnotes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Footnote-parameters-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">11.5 Footnote parameters</h2> +<h2 class="section">12.5 Footnote parameters</h2> <a name="index-footnote-parameters"></a> <a name="index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes"></a> @@ -4419,7 +4505,7 @@ footnotes. This is ‘<samp>6.65pt</samp>’ for ‘<samp>10pt</sam Next: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Counters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Footnotes" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Footnotes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Definitions-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">12 Definitions</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">13 Definitions</h1> <a name="index-definitions"></a> <p>LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds. @@ -4452,7 +4538,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Counters</a>, Previous: <a hr Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newcounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">12.1 <code>\newcommand</code> & <code>\renewcommand</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">13.1 <code>\newcommand</code> & <code>\renewcommand</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cnewcommand"></a> <a name="index-commands_002c-defining-new-ones"></a> <a name="index-defining-a-new-command"></a> @@ -4505,7 +4591,7 @@ text of the <var>n</var>th argument. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewlength" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newlength</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\newcommand & \renewcommand</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnewcounter-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">12.2 <code>\newcounter</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">13.2 <code>\newcounter</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cnewcounter"></a> <a name="index-counters_002c-defining-new"></a> @@ -4531,7 +4617,7 @@ will be reset whenever <var>countername</var> is incremented. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newsavebox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\newcounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnewlength-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">12.3 <code>\newlength</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">13.3 <code>\newlength</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cnewlength"></a> <a name="index-lengths_002c-defining-new"></a> @@ -4557,7 +4643,7 @@ for more information about lengths in general. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewlength" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\newlength</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnewsavebox-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">12.4 <code>\newsavebox</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">13.4 <code>\newsavebox</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cnewsavebox"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -4577,7 +4663,7 @@ defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newtheorem</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\newsavebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">12.5 <code>\newenvironment</code> & <code>\renewenvironment</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">13.5 <code>\newenvironment</code> & <code>\renewenvironment</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cnewenvironment"></a> <a name="index-_005crenewenvironment"></a> <a name="index-environments_002c-defining"></a> @@ -4634,7 +4720,7 @@ may not contain any argument parameters. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewfont" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newfont</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnewtheorem-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">12.6 <code>\newtheorem</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">13.6 <code>\newtheorem</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cnewtheorem"></a> <a name="index-theorems_002c-defining"></a> <a name="index-defining-new-theorems"></a> @@ -4681,7 +4767,7 @@ not both. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cprotect" accesskey="n" rel="next">\protect</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\newtheorem</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnewfont-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">12.7 <code>\newfont</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">13.7 <code>\newfont</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cnewfont"></a> <a name="index-fonts_002c-new-commands-for"></a> <a name="index-defining-new-fonts"></a> @@ -4707,7 +4793,7 @@ More commonly, fonts are defined in families through ‘<tt>.fd</tt>’ Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnewfont" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\newfont</a>, Up: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Definitions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cprotect-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">12.8 <code>\protect</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">13.8 <code>\protect</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cprotect"></a> <a name="index-fragile-commands"></a> @@ -4743,7 +4829,7 @@ be preceded by <code>\protect</code>. Next: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="n" rel="next">Lengths</a>, Previous: <a href="#Definitions" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Definitions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Counters-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">13 Counters</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">14 Counters</h1> <a name="index-counters_002c-a-list-of"></a> <a name="index-variables_002c-a-list-of"></a> @@ -4789,7 +4875,7 @@ subsubsection Next: <a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\usecounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol_003a-Printing-counters"></a> -<h2 class="section">13.1 <code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</h2> +<h2 class="section">14.1 <code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</h2> <p>All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for instance, <code>\alph{enumi}</code>. @@ -4849,7 +4935,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvalue" accesskey="n" rel="next">\value</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cusecounter_007bcounter_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">13.2 <code>\usecounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">14.2 <code>\usecounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cusecounter"></a> <a name="index-list-items_002c-specifying-counter"></a> <a name="index-numbered-items_002c-specifying-counter"></a> @@ -4872,7 +4958,7 @@ the list items. Next: <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\setcounter</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cusecounter" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\usecounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cvalue_007bcounter_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">13.3 <code>\value{<var>counter</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">14.3 <code>\value{<var>counter</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cvalue"></a> <a name="index-counters_002c-getting-value-of"></a> @@ -4899,7 +4985,7 @@ be used anywhere LaTeX expects a number, for example: Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addtocounter</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvalue" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\value</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005csetcounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">13.4 <code>\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">14.4 <code>\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005csetcounter"></a> <a name="index-counters_002c-setting"></a> <a name="index-setting-counters"></a> @@ -4921,7 +5007,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addtocounter</a> Next: <a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\refstepcounter</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csetcounter" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\setcounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005caddtocounter_007bcounter_007d_007bvalue_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">13.5 <code>\addtocounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">14.5 <code>\addtocounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005caddtocounter"></a> <p>The <code>\addtocounter</code> command increments <var>counter</var> by the @@ -4935,7 +5021,7 @@ amount specified by the <var>value</var> argument, which may be negative. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stepcounter</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocounter" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\addtocounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005crefstepcounter_007bcounter_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">13.6 <code>\refstepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">14.6 <code>\refstepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005crefstepcounter"></a> <p>The <code>\refstepcounter</code> command works in the same way as @@ -4950,7 +5036,7 @@ current <code>\ref</code> value to be the result of <code>\thecounter</code>. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear" accesskey="n" rel="next">\day \month \year</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005crefstepcounter" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\refstepcounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cstepcounter_007bcounter_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">13.7 <code>\stepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">14.7 <code>\stepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cstepcounter"></a> <p>The <code>\stepcounter</code> command adds one to <var>counter</var> and @@ -4964,7 +5050,7 @@ resets all subsidiary counters. Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstepcounter" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\stepcounter</a>, Up: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Counters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear_003a-Predefined-counters"></a> -<h2 class="section">13.8 <code>\day \month \year</code>: Predefined counters</h2> +<h2 class="section">14.8 <code>\day \month \year</code>: Predefined counters</h2> <a name="index-_005cday"></a> <a name="index-_005cmonth"></a> <a name="index-_005cyear"></a> @@ -4986,7 +5072,7 @@ current day (see <a href="#g_t_005ctoday">\today</a>). Next: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="n" rel="next">Making paragraphs</a>, Previous: <a href="#Counters" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Counters</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Lengths-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">14 Lengths</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">15 Lengths</h1> <a name="index-lengths_002c-defining-and-using"></a> <p>A <code>length</code> is a measure of distance. Many LaTeX commands take a @@ -5015,7 +5101,7 @@ length as an argument. Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtolength" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addtolength</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005csetlength_007b_005clen_007d_007bvalue_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">14.1 <code>\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">15.1 <code>\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005csetlength"></a> <a name="index-lengths_002c-setting"></a> @@ -5032,7 +5118,7 @@ understands, i.e., inches (<code>in</code>), millimeters (<code>mm</code>), poin Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettodepth" accesskey="n" rel="next">\settodepth</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csetlength" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\setlength</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005caddtolength_007b_005clen_007d_007bamount_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">14.2 \addtolength{<var>\len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}</h2> +<h2 class="section">15.2 \addtolength{<var>\len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}</h2> <a name="index-_005caddtolength"></a> <a name="index-lengths_002c-adding-to"></a> @@ -5048,7 +5134,7 @@ may be negative. Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettoheight" accesskey="n" rel="next">\settoheight</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddtolength" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\addtolength</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005csettodepth-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">14.3 <code>\settodepth</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">15.3 <code>\settodepth</code></h2> <a name="index-_005csettodepth"></a> <p><code>\settodepth{\gnat}{text}</code> @@ -5064,7 +5150,7 @@ equal to the depth of the <code>text</code> argument. Next: <a href="#g_t_005csettowidth" accesskey="n" rel="next">\settowidth</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettodepth" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\settodepth</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005csettoheight-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">14.4 <code>\settoheight</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">15.4 <code>\settoheight</code></h2> <a name="index-_005csettoheight"></a> <p><code>\settoheight{\gnat}{text}</code> @@ -5081,7 +5167,7 @@ equal to the height of the <code>text</code> argument. Next: <a href="#Predefined-lengths" accesskey="n" rel="next">Predefined lengths</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettoheight" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\settoheight</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005csettowidth_007b_005clen_007d_007btext_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">14.5 <code>\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">15.5 <code>\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005csettowidth"></a> <p>The <code>\settowidth</code> command sets the value of the command <var>\len</var> @@ -5096,7 +5182,7 @@ to the width of the <var>text</var> argument. Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csettowidth" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\settowidth</a>, Up: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="u" rel="up">Lengths</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Predefined-lengths-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">14.6 Predefined lengths</h2> +<h2 class="section">15.6 Predefined lengths</h2> <a name="index-lengths_002c-predefined"></a> <a name="index-predefined-lengths"></a> @@ -5128,7 +5214,7 @@ natural size, e.g., say Next: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math formulas</a>, Previous: <a href="#Lengths" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Lengths</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Making-paragraphs-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">15 Making paragraphs</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">16 Making paragraphs</h1> <a name="index-making-paragraphs"></a> <a name="index-paragraphs"></a> @@ -5156,7 +5242,7 @@ a sectioning command. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnoindent" accesskey="n" rel="next">\noindent</a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cindent-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">15.1 <code>\indent</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">16.1 <code>\indent</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cindent"></a> <a name="index-_005cparindent-1"></a> <a name="index-indent_002c-forcing"></a> @@ -5178,7 +5264,7 @@ mode, otherwise <code>15pt</code> for <code>10pt</code> documents, <code>17pt</c Next: <a href="#g_t_005cparskip" accesskey="n" rel="next">\parskip</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cindent" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\indent</a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cnoindent-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">15.2 <code>\noindent</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">16.2 <code>\noindent</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cnoindent"></a> <a name="index-indent_002c-suppressing"></a> @@ -5194,7 +5280,7 @@ the middle of a paragraph. Next: <a href="#Marginal-notes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Marginal notes</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cnoindent" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\noindent</a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cparskip-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">15.3 <code>\parskip</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">16.3 <code>\parskip</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cparskip"></a> <a name="index-vertical-space-before-paragraphs"></a> @@ -5209,7 +5295,7 @@ before each paragraph. The default is <code>0pt plus1pt</code>. Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cparskip" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\parskip</a>, Up: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="u" rel="up">Making paragraphs</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Marginal-notes-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">15.4 Marginal notes</h2> +<h2 class="section">16.4 Marginal notes</h2> <a name="index-marginal-notes"></a> <a name="index-notes-in-the-margin"></a> <a name="index-remarks-in-the-margin"></a> @@ -5288,7 +5374,7 @@ notes from falling off the bottom of the page. Next: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Modes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Making-paragraphs" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Making paragraphs</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Math-formulas-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">16 Math formulas</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">17 Math formulas</h1> <a name="index-math-formulas"></a> <a name="index-formulas_002c-math"></a> <a name="index-math-mode_002c-entering"></a> @@ -5372,7 +5458,7 @@ below summations. For example Next: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">16.1 Subscripts & superscripts</h2> +<h2 class="section">17.1 Subscripts & superscripts</h2> <a name="index-superscript"></a> <a name="index-subscript"></a> <a name="index-exponent"></a> @@ -5394,7 +5480,7 @@ superscript. Next: <a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math functions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Subscripts & superscripts</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Math-symbols-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">16.2 Math symbols</h2> +<h2 class="section">17.2 Math symbols</h2> <a name="index-math-symbols"></a> <a name="index-symbols_002c-math"></a> <a name="index-greek-letters"></a> @@ -6661,7 +6747,7 @@ the pi symbol (<em>\pi</em>) in your output. Next: <a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math accents</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-symbols" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Math symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Math-functions-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">16.3 Math functions</h2> +<h2 class="section">17.3 Math functions</h2> <a name="index-math-functions"></a> <a name="index-functions_002c-math"></a> @@ -6883,7 +6969,7 @@ spacing. Next: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="n" rel="next">Spacing in math mode</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-functions" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Math functions</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Math-accents-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">16.4 Math accents</h2> +<h2 class="section">17.4 Math accents</h2> <a name="index-math-accents"></a> <a name="index-accents_002c-mathematical"></a> @@ -7004,7 +7090,7 @@ in math. These are different from accents in normal text Next: <a href="#Math-miscellany" accesskey="n" rel="next">Math miscellany</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-accents" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Math accents</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Spacing-in-math-mode-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">16.5 Spacing in math mode</h2> +<h2 class="section">17.5 Spacing in math mode</h2> <a name="index-spacing-within-math-mode"></a> <a name="index-math-mode_002c-spacing"></a> @@ -7041,7 +7127,7 @@ commands for use in math mode: Previous: <a href="#Spacing-in-math-mode" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Spacing in math mode</a>, Up: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="u" rel="up">Math formulas</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Math-miscellany-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">16.6 Math miscellany</h2> +<h2 class="section">17.6 Math miscellany</h2> <a name="index-math-miscellany"></a> <dl compact="compact"> @@ -7145,7 +7231,7 @@ descenders. Next: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="n" rel="next">Page styles</a>, Previous: <a href="#Math-formulas" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Math formulas</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Modes-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">17 Modes</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">18 Modes</h1> <a name="index-modes"></a> <a name="index-paragraph-mode"></a> <a name="index-math-mode"></a> @@ -7200,7 +7286,7 @@ in, is called “outer paragraph mode”. Next: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="n" rel="next">Spaces</a>, Previous: <a href="#Modes" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Modes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Page-styles-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">18 Page styles</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">19 Page styles</h1> <a name="index-styles_002c-page"></a> <a name="index-page-styles"></a> @@ -7226,7 +7312,7 @@ the page’s head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pagenumbering</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cmaketitle-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">18.1 <code>\maketitle</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">19.1 <code>\maketitle</code></h2> <a name="index-titles_002c-making"></a> <a name="index-_005cmaketitle"></a> @@ -7285,7 +7371,7 @@ document. Use <code>\\</code> to force a line break, as usual. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pagestyle</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\maketitle</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cpagenumbering-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">18.2 <code>\pagenumbering</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">19.2 <code>\pagenumbering</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cpagenumbering"></a> <a name="index-page-numbering-style"></a> @@ -7323,7 +7409,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="n" rel="next">\pagestyle</a>, Prev Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthispagestyle" accesskey="n" rel="next">\thispagestyle</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpagenumbering" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\pagenumbering</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cpagestyle-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">18.3 <code>\pagestyle</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">19.3 <code>\pagestyle</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cpagestyle"></a> <a name="index-header-style"></a> <a name="index-footer-style"></a> @@ -7389,7 +7475,7 @@ the page. Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cpagestyle" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\pagestyle</a>, Up: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="u" rel="up">Page styles</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cthispagestyle_007bstyle_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">18.4 <code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">19.4 <code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cthispagestyle"></a> <p>The <code>\thispagestyle</code> command works in the same manner as the @@ -7404,7 +7490,7 @@ changes to <var>style</var> for the current page only. Next: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Boxes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Page-styles" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Page styles</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Spaces-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">19 Spaces</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">20 Spaces</h1> <a name="index-spaces"></a> <p>LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. @@ -7451,7 +7537,7 @@ Vertical space Next: <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005chspace-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.1 <code>\hspace</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.1 <code>\hspace</code></h2> <a name="index-_005chspace"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -7478,7 +7564,7 @@ form. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cSPACE" accesskey="n" rel="next">\SPACE</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chspace" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\hspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005chfill-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.2 <code>\hfill</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.2 <code>\hfill</code></h2> <a name="index-_005chfill"></a> <p>The <code>\hfill</code> fill command produces a “rubber length” which has @@ -7498,7 +7584,7 @@ equivalent to <code>\hfill</code>. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cAT" accesskey="n" rel="next">\AT</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chfill" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\hfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cSPACE-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.3 <code>\SPACE</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.3 <code>\SPACE</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cSPACE"></a> <a name="index-_005cTAB"></a> <a name="index-_005cNEWLINE"></a> @@ -7520,7 +7606,7 @@ are equivalent to <code>\ </code>. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\thinspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cSPACE" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\SPACE</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005c_0040"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.4 <code>\@</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.4 <code>\@</code></h2> <a name="index-_005c_0040"></a> <p>The <code>\@</code> command makes the following punctuation character end a @@ -7548,7 +7634,7 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without Next: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="n" rel="next">\/</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cAT" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\AT</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cthinspace-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.5 <code>\thinspace</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.5 <code>\thinspace</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cthinspace"></a> <p><code>\thinspace</code> produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that @@ -7563,7 +7649,7 @@ in ’”. Next: <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\hrulefill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cthinspace" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\thinspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005c_002f-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.6 <code>\/</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.6 <code>\/</code></h2> <a name="index-_005c_002f"></a> <p>The <code>\/</code> command produces an <em>italic correction</em>. This is a @@ -7591,7 +7677,7 @@ with pdfTeX. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cdotfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\dotfill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005c_002f" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\/</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005chrulefill-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.7 <code>\hrulefill</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.7 <code>\hrulefill</code></h2> <a name="index-_005chrulefill"></a> <p>The <code>\hrulefill</code> fill command produces a “rubber length” which can @@ -7606,7 +7692,7 @@ rule. Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddvspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addvspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005chrulefill" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\hrulefill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cdotfill-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.8 <code>\dotfill</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.8 <code>\dotfill</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cdotfill"></a> @@ -7621,7 +7707,7 @@ with dots instead of just white space. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip" accesskey="n" rel="next">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cdotfill" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\dotfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005caddvspace-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.9 <code>\addvspace</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.9 <code>\addvspace</code></h2> <a name="index-_005caddvspace"></a> <a name="index-vertical-space"></a> <a name="index-space_002c-inserting-vertical"></a> @@ -7642,7 +7728,7 @@ of the total vertical space equal to <code>length</code>. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvfill" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vfill</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddvspace" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\addvspace</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.10 <code>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.10 <code>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</code></h2> <p>These commands produce a given amount of space. </p> @@ -7680,7 +7766,7 @@ quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink). Next: <a href="#g_t_005cvspace" accesskey="n" rel="next">\vspace</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cvfill-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.11 <code>\vfill</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.11 <code>\vfill</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cvfill"></a> <p>The <code>\vfill</code> fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which @@ -7695,7 +7781,7 @@ can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It’s equivalent to Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cvfill" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\vfill</a>, Up: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="u" rel="up">Spaces</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cvspace_005b_002a_005d_007blength_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">19.12 <code>\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">20.12 <code>\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cvspace"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -7719,7 +7805,7 @@ space is not removed. Next: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="n" rel="next">Special insertions</a>, Previous: <a href="#Spaces" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Spaces</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Boxes-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">20 Boxes</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">21 Boxes</h1> <a name="index-boxes"></a> @@ -7755,7 +7841,7 @@ used in the arguments of the box-making commands. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\fbox and \framebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cmbox_007btext_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">20.1 <code>\mbox{<var>text}</var></code></h2> +<h2 class="section">21.1 <code>\mbox{<var>text}</var></code></h2> <a name="index-_005cmbox"></a> <a name="index-hyphenation_002c-preventing"></a> @@ -7771,7 +7857,7 @@ lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation. Next: <a href="#lrbox" accesskey="n" rel="next">lrbox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmbox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\mbox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">20.2 <code>\fbox</code> and <code>\framebox</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">21.2 <code>\fbox</code> and <code>\framebox</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cfbox"></a> <a name="index-_005cframebox-1"></a> @@ -7807,7 +7893,7 @@ argument. </p> Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\makebox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\fbox and \framebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="lrbox-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">20.3 <code>lrbox</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">21.3 <code>lrbox</code></h2> <a name="index-lrbox"></a> <p><code>\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}</code> @@ -7825,7 +7911,7 @@ must have been declared with <code>\newsavebox</code>. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cparbox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\parbox</a>, Previous: <a href="#lrbox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">lrbox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cmakebox-2"></a> -<h2 class="section">20.4 <code>\makebox</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">21.4 <code>\makebox</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cmakebox"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -7867,7 +7953,7 @@ see <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029">\makebox (picture)</a>. Next: <a href="#g_t_005craisebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\raisebox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmakebox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\makebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cparbox-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">20.5 <code>\parbox</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">21.5 <code>\parbox</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cparbox"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -7928,7 +8014,7 @@ for this to work. Next: <a href="#g_t_005csavebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\savebox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cparbox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\parbox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005craisebox-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">20.6 <code>\raisebox</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">21.6 <code>\raisebox</code></h2> <a name="index-_005craisebox"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -7955,7 +8041,7 @@ ignoring its natural height and depth. Next: <a href="#g_t_005csbox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\sbox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005craisebox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\raisebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005csavebox-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">20.7 <code>\savebox</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">21.7 <code>\savebox</code></h2> <a name="index-_005csavebox"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -7977,7 +8063,7 @@ declared with <code>\newsavebox</code> (see <a href="#g_t_005cnewsavebox">\newsa Next: <a href="#g_t_005cusebox" accesskey="n" rel="next">\usebox</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csavebox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\savebox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005csbox_007b_005cboxcmd_007d_007btext_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">20.8 <code>\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">21.8 <code>\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005csbox"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -8000,7 +8086,7 @@ included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csbox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\sbox</a>, Up: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="u" rel="up">Boxes</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cusebox_007b_005cboxcmd"></a> -<h2 class="section">20.9 <code>\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var></code></h2> +<h2 class="section">21.9 <code>\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var></code></h2> <a name="index-_005cusebox"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -8020,7 +8106,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csbox" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\sbox</a>, Up: <a Next: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="n" rel="next">Splitting the input</a>, Previous: <a href="#Boxes" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Boxes</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Special-insertions-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">21 Special insertions</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">22 Special insertions</h1> <p>LaTeX provides commands for inserting characters that have a special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type. @@ -8048,7 +8134,7 @@ special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type. Next: <a href="#Text-symbols" accesskey="n" rel="next">Text symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Reserved-characters-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">21.1 Reserved characters</h2> +<h2 class="section">22.1 Reserved characters</h2> <a name="index-reserved-characters"></a> <a name="index-characters_002c-reserved"></a> @@ -8104,7 +8190,7 @@ with <code>"</code>, so the previous example could also be written as Next: <a href="#Accents" accesskey="n" rel="next">Accents</a>, Previous: <a href="#Reserved-characters" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Reserved characters</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Text-symbols-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">21.2 Text symbols</h2> +<h2 class="section">22.2 Text symbols</h2> <a name="index-text-symbols"></a> <a name="index-textcomp-package"></a> @@ -8439,13 +8525,6 @@ has the ascender height. <p>Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: ª, º. </p> </dd> -<dt><code>\textordfeminine</code> -<a name="index-_005ctextordfeminine-1"></a> -</dt> -<dd><a name="index-feminine-ordinal-symbol-1"></a> -<p>Feminine ordinal symbol: ®. -</p> -</dd> <dt><code>\textperiodcentered</code> <a name="index-_005ctextperiodcentered"></a> </dt> @@ -8539,7 +8618,9 @@ has the ascender height. <dt><code>\texttwelveudash</code> <a name="index-_005ctexttwelveudash"></a> </dt> -<dd><p>Xx 12u-. +<dd><a name="index-two_002dthirds-em_002ddash"></a> +<a name="index-em_002ddash_002c-two_002dthirds"></a> +<p>“Two-thirds” em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. </p> </dd> <dt><code>\textunderscore</code> @@ -8566,7 +8647,7 @@ has the ascender height. Next: <a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Non-English characters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Text-symbols" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Text symbols</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Accents-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">21.3 Accents</h2> +<h2 class="section">22.3 Accents</h2> <a name="index-accents"></a> <a name="index-characters_002c-accented"></a> @@ -8753,7 +8834,7 @@ descenders. See also <code>\underline</code> in <a href="#Math-miscellany">Math Next: <a href="#g_t_005crule" accesskey="n" rel="next">\rule</a>, Previous: <a href="#Accents" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Accents</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Non_002dEnglish-characters-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">21.4 Non-English characters</h2> +<h2 class="section">22.4 Non-English characters</h2> <a name="index-special-characters"></a> <a name="index-non_002dEnglish-characters"></a> @@ -8863,7 +8944,7 @@ used in languages other than English. Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctoday" accesskey="n" rel="next">\today</a>, Previous: <a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Non-English characters</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005crule-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">21.5 <code>\rule</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">22.5 <code>\rule</code></h2> <a name="index-_005crule"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -8897,7 +8978,7 @@ rectangles. The arguments are: Previous: <a href="#g_t_005crule" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\rule</a>, Up: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="u" rel="up">Special insertions</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ctoday-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">21.6 <code>\today</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">22.6 <code>\today</code></h2> <a name="index-_005ctoday"></a> <p>The <code>\today</code> command produces today’s date, in the format @@ -8918,7 +8999,7 @@ of other date formats. Next: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="n" rel="next">Front/back matter</a>, Previous: <a href="#Special-insertions" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Special insertions</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Splitting-the-input-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">22 Splitting the input</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">23 Splitting the input</h1> <a name="index-splitting-the-input-file"></a> <a name="index-input-file"></a> @@ -8945,7 +9026,7 @@ when you run LaTeX. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cincludeonly" accesskey="n" rel="next">\includeonly</a>, Up: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="u" rel="up">Splitting the input</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cinclude-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">22.1 <code>\include</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">23.1 <code>\include</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cinclude"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -8975,7 +9056,7 @@ read by another <code>\include</code> command. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cinput" accesskey="n" rel="next">\input</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cinclude" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\include</a>, Up: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="u" rel="up">Splitting the input</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cincludeonly-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">22.2 \<code>includeonly</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">23.2 \<code>includeonly</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cincludeonly"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -9000,7 +9081,7 @@ effective. Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cincludeonly" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\includeonly</a>, Up: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="u" rel="up">Splitting the input</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cinput-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">22.3 \input</h2> +<h2 class="section">23.3 \input</h2> <a name="index-_005cinput"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -9026,7 +9107,7 @@ is tried (‘<samp>foo</samp>’ or ‘<samp>foo.bar</samp>’). Next: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Letters</a>, Previous: <a href="#Splitting-the-input" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Splitting the input</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Front_002fback-matter-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">23 Front/back matter</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">24 Front/back matter</h1> <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Tables-of-contents" accesskey="1">Tables of contents</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> @@ -9045,11 +9126,12 @@ Next: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="n" rel="next">Letters</a>, Previous: <a href Next: <a href="#Glossaries" accesskey="n" rel="next">Glossaries</a>, Up: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="u" rel="up">Front/back matter</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Tables-of-contents-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">23.1 Tables of contents</h2> +<h2 class="section">24.1 Tables of contents</h2> <a name="index-table-of-contents_002c-creating"></a> <a name="index-_005ctableofcontents"></a> +<a name="index-_002etoc-file"></a> <p>A table of contents is produced with the <code>\tableofcontents</code> command. You put the command right where you want the table of contents to go; LaTeX does the rest for you. A previous run must @@ -9085,7 +9167,7 @@ Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. Next: <a href="#g_t_005caddtocontents" accesskey="n" rel="next">\addtocontents</a>, Up: <a href="#Tables-of-contents" accesskey="u" rel="up">Tables of contents</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005caddcontentsline-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">23.1.1 \addcontentsline</h3> +<h3 class="subsection">24.1.1 \addcontentsline</h3> <a name="index-_005caddcontentsline_007bext_007d_007bunit_007d_007btext_007d"></a> <a name="index-table-of-contents-entry_002c-manually-adding"></a> @@ -9135,7 +9217,7 @@ command <code>\contentsline{<var>unit</var>}{<var>name</var>}</code>. Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\addcontentsline</a>, Up: <a href="#Tables-of-contents" accesskey="u" rel="up">Tables of contents</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005caddtocontents-1"></a> -<h3 class="subsection">23.1.2 \addtocontents</h3> +<h3 class="subsection">24.1.2 \addtocontents</h3> <a name="index-_005caddtocontents_007bext_007d_007btext_007d"></a> <p>The <code>\addtocontents</code>{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>} command adds text @@ -9162,7 +9244,7 @@ generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables. Next: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Indexes</a>, Previous: <a href="#Tables-of-contents" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Tables of contents</a>, Up: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="u" rel="up">Front/back matter</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Glossaries-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">23.2 Glossaries</h2> +<h2 class="section">24.2 Glossaries</h2> <a name="index-glossaries"></a> <a name="index-_005cmakeglossary"></a> @@ -9189,7 +9271,7 @@ glossaries. Previous: <a href="#Glossaries" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Glossaries</a>, Up: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="u" rel="up">Front/back matter</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Indexes-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">23.3 Indexes</h2> +<h2 class="section">24.3 Indexes</h2> <a name="index-indexes"></a> <a name="index-_005cmakeindex"></a> @@ -9256,7 +9338,7 @@ TeX FAQ entry on this topic, Next: <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput" accesskey="n" rel="next">Terminal input/output</a>, Previous: <a href="#Front_002fback-matter" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Front/back matter</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Letters-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">24 Letters</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">25 Letters</h1> <a name="index-letters"></a> <a name="index-creating-letters"></a> @@ -9335,7 +9417,7 @@ commands, use <code>\\</code> to separate the items. Next: <a href="#g_t_005ccc" accesskey="n" rel="next">\cc</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005caddress_007breturn_002daddress_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.1 \address{<var>return-address}</var></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.1 \address{<var>return-address}</var></h2> <a name="index-_005caddress"></a> <p>The <code>\address</code> specifies the return address of a letter, as it @@ -9356,7 +9438,7 @@ letter will be formatted as a personal letter. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cclosing" accesskey="n" rel="next">\closing</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddress" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\address</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ccc-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.2 <code>\cc</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.2 <code>\cc</code></h2> <a name="index-_005ccc"></a> <a name="index-cc-list_002c-in-letters"></a> @@ -9378,7 +9460,7 @@ printed on a separate line. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cencl" accesskey="n" rel="next">\encl</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ccc" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\cc</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cclosing-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.3 <code>\closing</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.3 <code>\closing</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cclosing"></a> <a name="index-letters_002c-ending"></a> @@ -9403,7 +9485,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cencl" accesskey="n" rel="next">\encl</a>, Previous: <a h Next: <a href="#g_t_005clocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">\location</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cclosing" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\closing</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cencl-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.4 <code>\encl</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.4 <code>\encl</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cencl"></a> <a name="index-enclosure-list"></a> @@ -9424,7 +9506,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005clocation" accesskey="n" rel="next">\location</a>, Previo Next: <a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels" accesskey="n" rel="next">\makelabels</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cencl" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\encl</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005clocation-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.5 <code>\location</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.5 <code>\location</code></h2> <a name="index-_005clocation"></a> <p><code>\location{address}</code> @@ -9440,7 +9522,7 @@ if the <code>firstpage</code> pagestyle is selected. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cname" accesskey="n" rel="next">\name</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005clocation" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\location</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cmakelabels-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.6 <code>\makelabels</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.6 <code>\makelabels</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cmakelabels"></a> <p><code>\makelabels{number}</code> @@ -9457,7 +9539,7 @@ address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters. Next: <a href="#g_t_005copening" accesskey="n" rel="next">\opening</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cmakelabels" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\makelabels</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cname-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.7 <code>\name</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.7 <code>\name</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cname"></a> <p><code>\name{June Davenport}</code> @@ -9473,7 +9555,7 @@ address. Next: <a href="#g_t_005cps" accesskey="n" rel="next">\ps</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cname" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\name</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005copening_007btext_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.8 <code>\opening{<var>text</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.8 <code>\opening{<var>text</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005copening"></a> <a name="index-letters_002c-starting"></a> @@ -9499,7 +9581,7 @@ For instance: Next: <a href="#g_t_005csignature" accesskey="n" rel="next">\signature</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005copening" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\opening</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cps-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.9 <code>\ps</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.9 <code>\ps</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cps"></a> <a name="index-postscript_002c-in-letters"></a> @@ -9514,7 +9596,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005csignature" accesskey="n" rel="next">\signature</a>, Prev Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstartbreaks" accesskey="n" rel="next">\startbreaks</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cps" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\ps</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005csignature_007btext_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.10 <code>\signature{<var>text</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.10 <code>\signature{<var>text</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005csignature"></a> <p>Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the @@ -9529,7 +9611,7 @@ space for your signature. <code>\\</code> starts a new line within Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stopbreaks</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005csignature" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\signature</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cstartbreaks-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.11 <code>\startbreaks</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.11 <code>\startbreaks</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cstartbreaks"></a> <p><code>\startbreaks</code> @@ -9545,7 +9627,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks" accesskey="n" rel="next">\stopbreaks</a>, Pr Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctelephone" accesskey="n" rel="next">\telephone</a>, Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstartbreaks" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\startbreaks</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005cstopbreaks-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.12 <code>\stopbreaks</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.12 <code>\stopbreaks</code></h2> <a name="index-_005cstopbreaks"></a> <p><code>\stopbreaks</code> @@ -9561,7 +9643,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctelephone" accesskey="n" rel="next">\telephone</a>, Prev Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\stopbreaks</a>, Up: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="u" rel="up">Letters</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ctelephone-1"></a> -<h2 class="section">24.13 <code>\telephone</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">25.13 <code>\telephone</code></h2> <a name="index-_005ctelephone"></a> <p><code>\telephone{number}</code> @@ -9577,7 +9659,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#g_t_005cstopbreaks" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\stopbreaks Next: <a href="#Command-line" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command line</a>, Previous: <a href="#Letters" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Letters</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Terminal-input_002foutput-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">25 Terminal input/output</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">26 Terminal input/output</h1> <a name="index-input_002foutput"></a> <a name="index-terminal-input_002foutput"></a> @@ -9596,7 +9678,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-line" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command line</a>, Previou Next: <a href="#g_t_005ctypeout" accesskey="n" rel="next">\typeout</a>, Up: <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput" accesskey="u" rel="up">Terminal input/output</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ctypein_005bcmd_005d_007bmsg_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">25.1 <code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">26.1 <code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005ctypein"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -9621,7 +9703,7 @@ redefined to be the typed input. Previous: <a href="#g_t_005ctypein" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\typein</a>, Up: <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput" accesskey="u" rel="up">Terminal input/output</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="g_t_005ctypeout_007bmsg_007d"></a> -<h2 class="section">25.2 <code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></h2> +<h2 class="section">26.2 <code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></h2> <a name="index-_005ctypeout"></a> <p>Synopsis: @@ -9649,7 +9731,7 @@ printed, independent of surrounding spaces. A <code>^^J</code> in Next: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="n" rel="next">Document templates</a>, Previous: <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Terminal input/output</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> </div> <a name="Command-line-1"></a> -<h1 class="chapter">26 Command line</h1> +<h1 class="chapter">27 Command line</h1> <a name="index-command-line"></a> <p>The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; @@ -9684,7 +9766,8 @@ Next: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Concept Index</a>, Previ <a name="index-document-templates"></a> <p>Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will -be useful. +be useful. Additional templates are collected at +<a href="http://www.howtotex.com/templates">http://www.howtotex.com/templates</a>. </p> <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#book-template" accesskey="1">book template</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top"> @@ -9944,6 +10027,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ASCII-tilde_002c-in-text">ASCII tilde, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-asterisk_002c-centered_002c-in-text">asterisk, centered, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-author_002c-for-titlepage">author, for titlepage</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-auxiliary-file">auxiliary file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-B">B</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-backslash_002c-in-text">backslash, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> @@ -9952,6 +10036,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bar_002dover-accent">bar-over accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bar_002dover-accent_002c-math">bar-over accent, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bar_002dunder-accent">bar-under accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-basics-of-LaTeX">basics of LaTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography_002c-creating-_0028automatically_0029">bibliography, creating (automatically)</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibliography_002c-creating-_0028manually_0029">bibliography, creating (manually)</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bibTeX_002c-using">bibTeX, using</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Using-BibTeX">Using BibTeX</a></td></tr> @@ -9966,6 +10051,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breaking-pages">breaking pages</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-breaking">Page breaking</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breve-accent">breve accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-breve-accent_002c-math">breve accent, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bug-reporting">bug reporting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bullet-symbol">bullet symbol</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bullet_002c-in-text">bullet, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-bulleted-lists">bulleted lists</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#itemize">itemize</a></td></tr> @@ -9974,6 +10060,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-calligraphic-letters-for-math">calligraphic letters for math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cap-height">cap height</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-caron-accent">caron accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-case-sensitivity-of-LaTeX">case sensitivity of LaTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cc-list_002c-in-letters">cc list, in letters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ccc">\cc</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-cedilla-accent">cedilla accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-centered-asterisk_002c-in-text">centered asterisk, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> @@ -10059,6 +10146,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ellipsis">ellipsis</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-em_002ddash">em-dash</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-em_002ddash_002c-three_002dquarters">em-dash, three-quarters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-em_002ddash_002c-two_002dthirds">em-dash, two-thirds</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-emphasis">emphasis</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-emphasis-1">emphasis</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-enclosure-list">enclosure list</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cencl">\encl</a></td></tr> @@ -10078,7 +10166,6 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-F">F</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-feminine-ordinal-symbol">feminine ordinal symbol</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> -<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-feminine-ordinal-symbol-1">feminine ordinal symbol</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figure-number_002c-cross-referencing">figure number, cross referencing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cref">\ref</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figures_002c-footnotes-in">figures, footnotes in</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#minipage">minipage</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-figures_002c-inserting">figures, inserting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#figure">figure</a></td></tr> @@ -10143,14 +10230,14 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-justification_002c-ragged-right">justification, ragged right</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005craggedright">\raggedright</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-K">K</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> -<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e">Knuth, Donald E.</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Top">Top</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Knuth_002c-Donald-E_002e">Knuth, Donald E.</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-L">L</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-labelled-lists_002c-creating">labelled lists, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#description">description</a></td></tr> -<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Lamport_002c-Leslie">Lamport, Leslie</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Top">Top</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-Lamport_002c-Leslie">Lamport, Leslie</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-logo">LaTeX logo</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-overview">LaTeX overview</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> -<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-Project-team">LaTeX Project team</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Top">Top</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LaTeX-Project-team">LaTeX Project team</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-layout-commands">layout commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Layout">Layout</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-layout_002c-page-parameters-for">layout, page parameters for</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-left-angle-quotation-marks">left angle quotation marks</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> @@ -10185,11 +10272,13 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lists-of-items_002c-generic">lists of items, generic</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lists-of-items_002c-numbered">lists of items, numbered</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#enumerate">enumerate</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-loading-additional-packages">loading additional packages</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-log-file">log file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logo_002c-LaTeX">logo, LaTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-logo_002c-TeX">logo, TeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-low_002d9-quotation-marks_002c-single-and-double">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-low_002dlevel-font-commands">low-level font commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands">Low-level font commands</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lR-mode">lR mode</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Modes">Modes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-LuaTeX">LuaTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-M">M</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-macron-accent">macron accent</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr> @@ -10259,6 +10348,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-paragraphs">paragraphs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Making-paragraphs">Making paragraphs</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-for-footnotes">parameters, for footnotes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Footnote-parameters">Footnote parameters</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-parameters_002c-page-layout">parameters, page layout</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdfTeX">pdfTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-period_002c-centered_002c-in-text">period, centered, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pictures_002c-creating">pictures, creating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pilcrow">pilcrow</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> @@ -10285,6 +10375,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-redefining-environments">redefining environments</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-registered-symbol">registered symbol</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-remarks-in-the-margin">remarks in the margin</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reporting-bugs">reporting bugs</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-reserved-characters">reserved characters</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right-angle-quotation-marks">right angle quotation marks</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-right-arrow_002c-in-text">right arrow, in text</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> @@ -10361,7 +10452,9 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-title_002c-for-titlepage">title, for titlepage</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titles_002c-making">titles, making</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-trademark-symbol">trademark symbol</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-transcript-file">transcript file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-two_002dcolumn-output">two-column output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005ctwocolumn">\twocolumn</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-two_002dthirds-em_002ddash">two-thirds em-dash</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typed-text_002c-simulating">typed text, simulating</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typeface-sizes">typeface sizes</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-typeface-styles">typeface styles</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> @@ -10393,6 +10486,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-wide-tile-accent_002c-math">wide tile accent, math</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-accents">Math accents</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-X">X</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-XeTeX">XeTeX</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xindy-program"><code>xindy</code> program</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> </table> @@ -10464,15 +10558,21 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-1"><b>$</b></a> -<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-2"><b>1</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-2"><b>.</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-3"><b>1</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-4"><b>@</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>[</b></a> -<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-3"><b>@</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>\</b></a> -<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-4"><b>\</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-7"><b>^</b></a> -<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>^</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-8"><b>_</b></a> -<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>_</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-9"><b>{</b></a> <br> <a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-A"><b>A</b></a> @@ -10509,6 +10609,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-V"><b>V</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-X"><b>X</b></a> + </td></tr></table> <table class="index-fn" border="0"> <tr><td></td><th align="left">Index Entry</th><td> </td><th align="left"> Section</th></tr> @@ -10516,15 +10618,26 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-1">$</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0024"><code>$</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-formulas">Math formulas</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> -<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-2">1</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-2">.</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eaux-file"><code>.aux <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002edvi-file"><code>.dvi <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002elog-file"><code>.log <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002epdf-file"><code>.pdf <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002etoc-file"><code>.toc <span class="roman">file</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Tables-of-contents">Tables of contents</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-3">1</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-10pt-option"><code>10pt <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-11pt-option"><code>11pt <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-12pt-option"><code>12pt <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> -<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-3">@</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-4">@</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0040_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d"><code>@{...}</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#array">array</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> -<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-4">\</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-5">[</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005b_002e_002e_002e_005d-for-optional-arguments"><code>[...] <span class="roman">for optional arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-6">\</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c-character-starting-commands"><code>\ <span class="roman">character starting commands</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0022-_0028umlaut-accent_0029"><code>\" <span class="roman">(umlaut accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0023"><code>\#</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_0024"><code>\$</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr> @@ -10784,6 +10897,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005chookleftarrow"><code>\hookleftarrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005chookrightarrow"><code>\hookrightarrow</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005chrulefill"><code>\hrulefill</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005chrulefill">\hrulefill</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005chsize"><code>\hsize</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Page-layout-parameters">Page layout parameters</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005chspace"><code>\hspace</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005chspace">\hspace</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005chuge"><code>\huge</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cHuge"><code>\Huge</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-sizes">Font sizes</a></td></tr> @@ -11156,7 +11270,6 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextmd"><code>\textmd</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextnormal"><code>\textnormal</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextordfeminine"><code>\textordfeminine</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> -<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextordfeminine-1"><code>\textordfeminine</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextordmasculine"><code>\textordmasculine</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextparagraph"><code>\textparagraph</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005ctextperiodcentered"><code>\textperiodcentered</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> @@ -11287,12 +11400,15 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_007e"><code>\~</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Reserved-characters">Reserved characters</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005c_007e-_0028tilde-accent_0029"><code>\~ <span class="roman">(tilde accent)</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> -<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-5">^</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-7">^</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005e"><code>^</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> -<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-6">_</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-8">_</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005f"><code>_</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Subscripts-_0026-superscripts">Subscripts & superscripts</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_symbol-9">{</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_007b_002e_002e_002e_007d-for-required-arguments"><code>{...} <span class="roman">for required arguments</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-A">A</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a4paper-option"><code>a4paper <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-a5paper-option"><code>a5paper <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> @@ -11334,6 +11450,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-L">L</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-landscape-option"><code>landscape <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-latex-command"><code>latex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-latexrefman_002ddiscuss_0040gna_002eorg-email-address"><code><a href="mailto:latexrefman-discuss@gna.org">latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</a> <span class="roman">email address</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#About-this-document">About this document</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-legalpaper-option"><code>legalpaper <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-leqno-option"><code>leqno <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-letter"><code>letter</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#letter">letter</a></td></tr> @@ -11342,6 +11460,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-list"><code>list</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#list">list</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lR-box"><code>lR box</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lrbox"><code>lrbox</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#lrbox">lrbox</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lualatex-command"><code>lualatex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-M">M</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-math-environment"><code>math <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#math">math</a></td></tr> @@ -11359,6 +11478,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-openright-option"><code>openright <span class="roman">option</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-P">P</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-pdflatex-command"><code>pdflatex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-picture"><code>picture</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#picture">picture</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-printindex"><code>printindex</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> @@ -11389,18 +11509,27 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verbatim-environment"><code>verbatim <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verbatim">verbatim</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-verse-environment"><code>verse <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#verse">verse</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> +<tr><th><a name="Command-Index_fn_letter-X">X</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-xelatex-command"><code>xelatex <span class="roman">command</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Overview">Overview</a></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> </table> <table><tr><th valign="top">Jump to: </th><td><a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-1"><b>$</b></a> -<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-2"><b>1</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-2"><b>.</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-3"><b>1</b></a> -<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-3"><b>@</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-4"><b>@</b></a> -<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-4"><b>\</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>[</b></a> -<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-5"><b>^</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>\</b></a> -<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-6"><b>_</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-7"><b>^</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-8"><b>_</b></a> + +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_symbol-9"><b>{</b></a> <br> <a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-A"><b>A</b></a> @@ -11437,6 +11566,8 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-V"><b>V</b></a> +<a class="summary-letter" href="#Command-Index_fn_letter-X"><b>X</b></a> + </td></tr></table> <hr> diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf Binary files differindex 2b09e7c4a01..9d805092ae2 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi index 4b90945f28f..df7973788ba 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ \input texinfo -@c $Id: latex2e.texi 257 2010-09-04 02:03:07Z karl $ +@c $Id: latex2e.texi 261 2011-05-12 17:45:37Z karl $ @comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename latex2e.info -@set UPDATED July 2010 +@set UPDATED May 2011 @settitle @LaTeX{}2e reference manual (@value{UPDATED}) @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ @c xx mention usrguide @c xx mention ! float placement, p.15 of usrguide @c xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ +@c xx merged permuted-index @c @c xx The typeset source2e will have an index with all kernel @c xx commands, which would be a good start. classes.dtx et al. @@ -35,10 +36,10 @@ Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using @cite{Hypertext Help with @LaTeX{}}, by Sheldon Green, and the @cite{@LaTeX{} Command Summary} (for @LaTeX{} 2.09) by L.@tie{}Botway and C.@tie{}Biemesderfer (published by the @TeX{} Users Group as -@cite{@TeX{}niques} number 10), as reference material (text was not +@cite{@TeX{}niques} number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). -Copyright @copyright{} 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry.@* +Copyright @copyright{} 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Karl Berry.@* Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.@* Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. @@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @title @LaTeX{}: Structured documents for @TeX{} @subtitle unofficial @LaTeX{} reference manual @subtitle @value{UPDATED} -@author +@author @url{http://home.gna.org/latexrefman} @page @vskip 0pt plus 1filll @insertcopying @@ -92,18 +93,8 @@ document preparation system, version as of @value{UPDATED}. It is intended to cover @LaTeX{}2e, which has been the standard version of @LaTeX{} for many years. -@cindex Knuth, Donald E. -@cindex Lamport, Leslie -@cindex @LaTeX{} Project team -@LaTeX{} is implemented as a macro package for Donald@tie{}E. Knuth's -@TeX{} typesetting program. @LaTeX{} was originally created by Leslie -Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers -(@url{http://latex-project.org}). The official documentation written -by the @LaTeX{} project is available there. Again, the present -document is unofficial and has not been reviewed by the @LaTeX{} -maintainers. - @menu +* About this document:: Bug reporting, etc. * Overview:: What is @LaTeX{}? * Starting & ending:: The standard beginning and end of a document. * Document classes:: Some of the various classes available. @@ -136,56 +127,116 @@ maintainers. @end menu +@node About this document +@chapter Overview of @LaTeX{} + +@cindex Knuth, Donald E. +@cindex Lamport, Leslie +@cindex @LaTeX{} Project team +The @LaTeX{} document preparation system is implemented as a macro +package for Donald@tie{}E. Knuth's @TeX{} typesetting program. +@LaTeX{} was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now +maintained by a group of volunteers (@url{http://latex-project.org}). +The official documentation written by the @LaTeX{} project is +available from their web site. + +@cindex bug reporting +@cindex reporting bugs +@findex @email{latexrefman-discuss@@gna.org} @r{email address} +The present document is completely unofficial and has not been +reviewed by the @LaTeX{} maintainers. Do not send bug reports or +anything else about this document to them. Instead, please send all +comments to @email{latexrefman-discuss@@gna.org}. + +The home page for this document is +@url{http://home.gna.org/latexrefman}. That page has links to the +current output in various formats, sources, mailing lists, and other +infrastructure. + + @node Overview @chapter Overview of @LaTeX{} +What is @LaTeX{}? + @cindex overview of @LaTeX{} +@cindex basics of @LaTeX{} @cindex @LaTeX{} overview - -The @LaTeX{} command typesets a file of text using the @TeX{} program -and the @LaTeX{} ``macro package'' for @TeX{}. To be more specific, -it processes an input file containing the text of a document with -interspersed commands that describe how the text should be formatted. -It produces at least three files as output: +@LaTeX{} typesets a file of text using the @TeX{} program and the +@LaTeX{} ``macro package'' for @TeX{}. That is, it processes an input +file containing the text of a document with interspersed commands that +describe how the text should be formatted. @LaTeX{} files are plain +text that can be written in any reasonable editor. It produces at +least three files as output: @enumerate @item -A main output file, which is one of: +The main output file, which is one of: -@enumerate -@item +@table @code +@item .dvi +@findex .dvi @r{file} +@findex latex @r{command} If invoked as @command{latex}, a ``Device Independent'' (@file{.dvi}) -file. This contains commands that can be translated into commands for -a variety of output devices. You can view such @file{.dvi} output of -@LaTeX{} by using a program such as @command{xdvi} (display directly) -or @command{dvips} (convert to PostScript). - -@item +file is produced. This contains commands that can be translated into +commands for virtually any output device. You can view such +@file{.dvi} output of @LaTeX{} by using a program such as +@command{xdvi} (display directly), @command{dvips} (convert to +PostScript), or @command{dvipdfmx} (convert to PDF). + +@item .pdf +@findex .pdf @r{file} +@cindex pdf@TeX{} +@findex pdflatex @r{command} If invoked as @command{pdflatex}, a ``Portable Document Format'' (@file{.pdf}) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does make the output much larger than the @file{.dvi} produced from the same document. -@end enumerate -There are other less-common variants of @LaTeX{} (and @TeX{}) as well, -which can produce HTML, XML, and other things. +@findex lualatex @r{command} +@cindex Lua@TeX{} +If invoked as @command{lualatex}, a @file{.pdf} file is created using +the Lua@TeX{} engine (@url{http://luatex.org}). + +@findex xelatex @r{command} +@cindex Xe@TeX{} +If invoked as @command{xelatex}, a @file{.pdf} file is created using +the Xe@TeX{} engine (@url{http://tug.org/xetex}). + +@end table + +Many other less-common variants of @LaTeX{} (and @TeX{}) exist, which +can produce HTML, XML, and other things. @item -A ``transcript'' or @file{.log} file that contains summary information and -diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input file. +@cindex transcript file +@cindex log file +@findex .log @r{file} +The ``transcript'' or @file{.log} file that contains summary +information and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the +input file. @item -An ``auxiliary'' or @file{.aux} file. This is used by @LaTeX{} itself, for -things such as sectioning. +@cindex auxiliary file +@findex .aux @r{file} +An ``auxiliary'' or @file{.aux} file. This is used by @LaTeX{} itself, +for things such as cross-references. @end enumerate -A @LaTeX{} command begins with the command name, which consists of a -@code{\} followed by either (a)@tie{}a string of letters or (b)@tie{}a -single non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, @code{[]}, -are optional while arguments contained in braces, @code{@{@}}, are +An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won't try to +list them all. Xxx components? + +@findex \ @r{character starting commands} +@findex [...] @r{for optional arguments} +@findex @{...@} @r{for required arguments} +In the @LaTeX{} input file, a command name starts with a @code{\}, +followed by either (a)@tie{}a string of letters or (b)@tie{}a single +non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, @code{[]}, are +optional while arguments contained in braces, @code{@{@}}, are required. +@cindex case sensitivity of @LaTeX{} @LaTeX{} is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless explicitly directed to do otherwise. @@ -347,7 +398,7 @@ the distance on even (odd) numbered pages between the left side of the page and the text's left margin. The defaults vary with the paper size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For one-sided printing the text is centered, for two-sided, @code{\oddsidemargin} is -40% of the difference between @code{\paperwidth} and @code{\textwidth} +40% of the difference between @code{\paperwidth} and @code{\textwidth}, with @code{\evensidemargin} the remainder. @item openright @@ -824,8 +875,11 @@ the page footer. Default is @samp{30pt}, except in the @code{book} class, where it varies with the type size. @item \linewidth -Width of the current line; the default varies with the font size, -paper width, two-column mode, etc. For an @code{article} document in +Width of the current line, decreased for each nested @code{list} +(@pxref{list}). Specifically, it is smaller than @code{\textwidth} by +the sum of @code{\leftmargin} and @code{\rightmargin} +(@pxref{itemize}). The default varies with the font size, paper +width, two-column mode, etc. For an @code{article} document in @samp{10pt}, it's set to @samp{345pt}; in two-column mode, that becomes @samp{229.5pt}. @@ -838,11 +892,30 @@ For @samp{11pt}, it's @samp{38\baselineskip} and for @samp{12pt}, @samp{36\baselineskip}. @item \textwidth -The normal horizontal width of the page body; the default varies as -usual. For an @code{article} or @code{report} document, it's +The full horizontal width of the entire page body; the default varies +as usual. For an @code{article} or @code{report} document, it's @samp{345pt} at @samp{10pt}, @samp{360pt} at @samp{11pt}, and @samp{390pt} at @samp{12pt}. For a @code{book} document, it's -@samp{4.5in} at @samp{10pt}, and @samp{5in} at @samp{11pt} or @samp{12pt}. +@samp{4.5in} at @samp{10pt}, and @samp{5in} at @samp{11pt} or +@samp{12pt}. + +In multi-column output, @code{\textwidth} remains the width of the +entire page body, while @code{\columnwidth} is the width of one column +(@pxref{\twocolumn}). + +In lists (@pxref{list}), @code{\textwidth} remains the width of the +entire page body (and @code{\columnwidth} the width of the entire +column), while @code{\linewidth} may decrease for nested lists. + +Inside a minipage (@pxref{minipage}) or @code{\parbox} +(@pxref{\parbox}), all the width-related parameters are set to the +specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of the +@code{minipage} or @code{\parbox}. + +@findex \hsize +For completeness: @code{\hsize} is the @TeX{} primitive parameter used +when text is broken into lines. It should not be used in normal +@LaTeX{} documents. @item \topmargin Space between the top of the @TeX{} page (one inch from the top of the @@ -1751,6 +1824,9 @@ The mandatory @var{spacing} argument contains commands to change the spacing parameters for the list. This argument will most often be empty, i.e., @code{@{@}}, which leaves the default spacing. +The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by +@code{\linewidth} (@pxref{Page layout parameters}). + @node math @section @code{math} @@ -3250,6 +3326,7 @@ text of the @var{n}th argument. @end table +@c xx \providecommand, * form (non-\long) @node \newcounter @section @code{\newcounter} @@ -5782,10 +5859,6 @@ Left arrow. @cindex Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: @ordf{}, @ordm{}. -@item \textordfeminine -@cindex feminine ordinal symbol -Feminine ordinal symbol: @registeredsymbol{}. - @item \textperiodcentered @cindex period, centered, in text @cindex centered period, in text @@ -5842,7 +5915,9 @@ Right arrow. Trademark symbol: @math{^{\hbox{TM}}}. @item \texttwelveudash -Xx 12u-. +@cindex two-thirds em-dash +@cindex em-dash, two-thirds +``Two-thirds'' em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. @item \textunderscore @cindex underscore, in text @@ -6248,6 +6323,7 @@ is tried (@samp{foo} or @samp{foo.bar}). @cindex table of contents, creating @findex \tableofcontents +@findex .toc @r{file} A table of contents is produced with the @code{\tableofcontents} command. You put the command right where you want the table of contents to go; @LaTeX{} does the rest for you. A previous run must @@ -6721,7 +6797,8 @@ If @LaTeX{} stops in the middle of the document and gives you a @cindex document templates Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will -be useful. +be useful. Additional templates are collected at +@url{http://www.howtotex.com/templates}. @menu * book template:: diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt index 8c9a6e28506..e0acffde016 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt @@ -2,57 +2,84 @@ LaTeX2e ******* This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document -preparation system, version as of July 2010. It is intended to cover +preparation system, version as of May 2011. It is intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years. - LaTeX is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth's TeX -typesetting program. LaTeX was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it -is now maintained by a group of volunteers (`http://latex-project.org'). -The official documentation written by the LaTeX project is available -there. Again, the present document is unofficial and has not been -reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. - 1 Overview of LaTeX ******************* -The LaTeX command typesets a file of text using the TeX program and the -LaTeX "macro package" for TeX. To be more specific, it processes an -input file containing the text of a document with interspersed commands -that describe how the text should be formatted. It produces at least -three files as output: +The LaTeX document preparation system is implemented as a macro package +for Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program. LaTeX was originally +created by Leslie Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers +(`http://latex-project.org'). The official documentation written by the +LaTeX project is available from their web site. + + The present document is completely unofficial and has not been +reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. Do not send bug reports or anything +else about this document to them. Instead, please send all comments to +<latexrefman-discuss@gna.org>. + + The home page for this document is `http://home.gna.org/latexrefman'. +That page has links to the current output in various formats, sources, +mailing lists, and other infrastructure. + +2 Overview of LaTeX +******************* - 1. A main output file, which is one of: +What is LaTeX? - 1. If invoked as `latex', a "Device Independent" (`.dvi') file. - This contains commands that can be translated into commands - for a variety of output devices. You can view such `.dvi' - output of LaTeX by using a program such as `xdvi' (display - directly) or `dvips' (convert to PostScript). + LaTeX typesets a file of text using the TeX program and the LaTeX +"macro package" for TeX. That is, it processes an input file containing +the text of a document with interspersed commands that describe how the +text should be formatted. LaTeX files are plain text that can be +written in any reasonable editor. It produces at least three files as +output: - 2. If invoked as `pdflatex', a "Portable Document Format" + 1. The main output file, which is one of: + + `.dvi' + If invoked as `latex', a "Device Independent" (`.dvi') file is + produced. This contains commands that can be translated into + commands for virtually any output device. You can view such + `.dvi' output of LaTeX by using a program such as `xdvi' + (display directly), `dvips' (convert to PostScript), or + `dvipdfmx' (convert to PDF). + + `.pdf' + If invoked as `pdflatex', a "Portable Document Format" (`.pdf') file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does make the output much larger than the `.dvi' produced from the same document. - There are other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) as well, - which can produce HTML, XML, and other things. + If invoked as `lualatex', a `.pdf' file is created using the + LuaTeX engine (`http://luatex.org'). + + If invoked as `xelatex', a `.pdf' file is created using the + XeTeX engine (`http://tug.org/xetex'). + + Many other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) exist, which can + produce HTML, XML, and other things. - 2. A "transcript" or `.log' file that contains summary information and - diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input file. + 2. The "transcript" or `.log' file that contains summary information + and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input + file. 3. An "auxiliary" or `.aux' file. This is used by LaTeX itself, for - things such as sectioning. + things such as cross-references. - A LaTeX command begins with the command name, which consists of a `\' -followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter. -Arguments contained in square brackets, `[]', are optional while -arguments contained in braces, `{}', are required. + An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won't try to +list them all. Xxx components? + + In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a `\', followed +by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter. Arguments +contained in square brackets, `[]', are optional while arguments +contained in braces, `{}', are required. LaTeX is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless explicitly directed to do otherwise. -2 Starting & ending +3 Starting & ending ******************* A minimal input file looks like the following: @@ -69,7 +96,7 @@ locally. You may include other LaTeX commands between the `\documentclass' and the `\begin{document}' commands (this area is called the "preamble"). -3 Document classes +4 Document classes ****************** The class of a given document is defined with the command: @@ -86,7 +113,7 @@ are available as add-ons; *note Overview::): Standard OPTIONS are described below. -3.1 Document class options +4.1 Document class options ========================== You can specify so-called "global options" or "class options" to the @@ -147,7 +174,7 @@ paper size (default is `letterpaper'): size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For one-sided printing the text is centered, for two-sided, `\oddsidemargin' is 40% of the difference between `\paperwidth' and - `\textwidth' with `\evensidemargin' the remainder. + `\textwidth', with `\evensidemargin' the remainder. `openright' `openany' @@ -168,13 +195,13 @@ use multiple `\usepackage' commands. the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with `\usepackage'. -4 Typefaces +5 Typefaces *********** Two important aspects of selecting a "font" are specifying a size and a style. The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here. -4.1 Font styles +5.1 Font styles =============== The following type style commands are supported by LaTeX. @@ -281,7 +308,7 @@ differently than the above commands, too: `{\CMD ...}' instead of `\tt' Typewriter (monospace, fixed-width). -4.2 Font sizes +5.2 Font sizes ============== The following standard type size commands are supported by LaTeX. The @@ -307,7 +334,7 @@ declaration form lasts until the next type style command or the end of the current group. You can also use the environment form of these commands; for instance, `\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}'. -4.3 Low-level font commands +5.3 Low-level font commands =========================== These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and @@ -388,18 +415,18 @@ ones. and `\fontshape' with the given parameters, followed by `\selectfont'. -5 Layout +6 Layout ******** Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page. -5.1 `\onecolumn' +6.1 `\onecolumn' ================ The `\onecolumn' declaration starts a new page and produces single-column output. This is the default. -5.2 `\twocolumn' +6.2 `\twocolumn' ================ Synopsis: @@ -443,7 +470,7 @@ typeset in one-column mode before the two-column typesetting starts. Distance between a multi-column float at the top or bottom of a page and the main text. Default `20pt plus2pt minus4pt'. -5.3 `\flushbottom' +6.3 `\flushbottom' ================== The `\flushbottom' declaration makes all text pages the same height, @@ -452,13 +479,13 @@ adding extra vertical space where necessary to fill out the page. This is the default if `twocolumn' mode is selected (*note Document class options::). -5.4 `\raggedbottom' +6.4 `\raggedbottom' =================== The `\raggedbottom' declaration makes all pages the natural height of the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched. -5.5 Page layout parameters +6.5 Page layout parameters ========================== `\headheight' @@ -477,10 +504,12 @@ the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched. where it varies with the type size. `\linewidth' - Width of the current line; the default varies with the font size, - paper width, two-column mode, etc. For an `article' document in - `10pt', it's set to `345pt'; in two-column mode, that becomes - `229.5pt'. + Width of the current line, decreased for each nested `list' (*note + list::). Specifically, it is smaller than `\textwidth' by the sum + of `\leftmargin' and `\rightmargin' (*note itemize::). The default + varies with the font size, paper width, two-column mode, etc. For + an `article' document in `10pt', it's set to `345pt'; in two-column + mode, that becomes `229.5pt'. `\textheight' The normal vertical height of the page body; the default varies @@ -490,10 +519,28 @@ the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched. and for `12pt', `36\baselineskip'. `\textwidth' - The normal horizontal width of the page body; the default varies as - usual. For an `article' or `report' document, it's `345pt' at - `10pt', `360pt' at `11pt', and `390pt' at `12pt'. For a `book' - document, it's `4.5in' at `10pt', and `5in' at `11pt' or `12pt'. + The full horizontal width of the entire page body; the default + varies as usual. For an `article' or `report' document, it's + `345pt' at `10pt', `360pt' at `11pt', and `390pt' at `12pt'. For a + `book' document, it's `4.5in' at `10pt', and `5in' at `11pt' or + `12pt'. + + In multi-column output, `\textwidth' remains the width of the + entire page body, while `\columnwidth' is the width of one column + (*note \twocolumn::). + + In lists (*note list::), `\textwidth' remains the width of the + entire page body (and `\columnwidth' the width of the entire + column), while `\linewidth' may decrease for nested lists. + + Inside a minipage (*note minipage::) or `\parbox' (*note + \parbox::), all the width-related parameters are set to the + specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of + the `minipage' or `\parbox'. + + For completeness: `\hsize' is the TeX primitive parameter used when + text is broken into lines. It should not be used in normal LaTeX + documents. `\topmargin' Space between the top of the TeX page (one inch from the top of the @@ -507,7 +554,7 @@ the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched. of the first line of text. For the standard clases, the default is the same as the font size, e.g., `10pt' at `10pt'. -6 Sectioning +7 Sectioning ************ Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units: @@ -566,13 +613,13 @@ setting suppresses heading numbers at any depth > LEVEL, where `chapter' is level zero. (*Note \setcounter::.) -7 Cross references +8 Cross references ****************** One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer the reader to them, as in "See Figure 3 for more details." -7.1 `\label' +8.1 `\label' ============ Synopsis: @@ -608,7 +655,7 @@ colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes: Thus, a label for a figure would look like `fig:snark' or `fig.snark'. -7.2 `\pageref{KEY}' +8.2 `\pageref{KEY}' =================== Synopsis: @@ -618,7 +665,7 @@ Synopsis: The `\pageref'{KEY} command produces the page number of the place in the text where the corresponding `\label'{KEY} command appears. -7.3 `\ref{KEY}' +8.3 `\ref{KEY}' =============== Synopsis: @@ -630,7 +677,7 @@ equation, footnote, figure, ..., of the corresponding `\label' command (*note \label::). It does not produce any text, such as the word `Section' or `Figure', just the bare number itself. -8 Environments +9 Environments ************** LaTeX provides many environments for marking off certain text. Each @@ -640,7 +687,7 @@ environment begins and ends in the same manner: ... \end{ENVNAME} -8.1 `abstract' +9.1 `abstract' ============== Synopsis: @@ -651,7 +698,7 @@ Synopsis: Environment for producing an abstract, possibly of multiple paragraphs. -8.2 `array' +9.2 `array' =========== Synopsis: @@ -698,7 +745,7 @@ parameters which affect formatting in `array' environments, namely The `array' environment can only be used in math mode. -8.3 `center' +9.3 `center' ============ Synopsis: @@ -712,7 +759,7 @@ Synopsis: of lines that are centered within the left and right margins on the current page. Each line is terminated with the string `\\'. -8.3.1 `\centering' +9.3.1 `\centering' ------------------ The `\centering' declaration corresponds to the `center' environment. @@ -735,7 +782,7 @@ environment such as quote) that ends the paragraph unit. second line \\ \end{quote} -8.4 `description' +9.4 `description' ================= Synopsis: @@ -758,7 +805,7 @@ resets all other style variations: `\item[{\tt plain typewriter}]'. For details about list spacing, see *note itemize::. -8.5 `displaymath' +9.5 `displaymath' ================= Synopsis: @@ -778,13 +825,13 @@ option makes equations flush left; see *note Document class options::. No equation number is added to `displaymath' text; to get an equation number, use the `equation' environment (*note equation::). -8.6 `document' +9.6 `document' ============== The `document' environment encloses the body of a document. It is required in every LaTeX document. *Note Starting & ending::. -8.7 `enumerate' +9.7 `enumerate' =============== Synopsis: @@ -825,7 +872,7 @@ letters: \renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\Alph{enumi}} -8.8 `eqnarray' +9.8 `eqnarray' ============== \begin{eqnarray} (or `eqnarray*') @@ -851,7 +898,7 @@ entirely, while otherwise being the same as `eqnarray'. lines. It typesets its argument in display style flush left in a box of zero width. -8.9 `equation' +9.9 `equation' ============== Synopsis: @@ -864,7 +911,7 @@ Synopsis: displaymath::), e.g., centering the MATH text on the page, and also places an equation number in the right margin. -8.10 `figure' +9.10 `figure' ============= \begin{figure[*]}[PLACEMENT] @@ -944,7 +991,7 @@ the list of figures instead of TEXT (*note Tables of contents::). Maximum fraction at the top of a page that may be occupied before floats; default is `.7'. -8.11 `flushleft' +9.11 `flushleft' ================ \begin{flushleft} @@ -957,7 +1004,7 @@ the list of figures instead of TEXT (*note Tables of contents::). consisting of lines that are flush to the left-hand margin and ragged right Each line must be terminated with the string `\\'. -8.11.1 `\raggedright' +9.11.1 `\raggedright' --------------------- The `\raggedright' declaration corresponds to the `flushleft' @@ -970,7 +1017,7 @@ units. To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the declaration must contain the blank line or `\end' command that ends the paragraph unit. -8.12 `flushright' +9.12 `flushright' ================= \begin{flushright} @@ -983,7 +1030,7 @@ paragraph unit. consisting of lines that are flush to the right-hand margin and ragged left. Each line must be terminated with the string `\\'. -8.12.1 `\raggedleft' +9.12.1 `\raggedleft' -------------------- The `\raggedleft' declaration corresponds to the `flushright' @@ -996,7 +1043,7 @@ units. To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the declaration must contain the blank line or `\end' command that ends the paragraph unit. -8.13 `itemize' +9.13 `itemize' ============== Synopsis: @@ -1101,12 +1148,12 @@ within a single item (`\parskip' is not list-specific, *note \setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}% {\end{itemize}} -8.14 `letter' environment: writing letters +9.14 `letter' environment: writing letters ========================================== This environment is used for creating letters. *Note Letters::. -8.15 `list' +9.15 `list' =========== The `list' environment is a generic environment which is used for @@ -1128,7 +1175,10 @@ It can and usually does contain other LaTeX commands. spacing parameters for the list. This argument will most often be empty, i.e., `{}', which leaves the default spacing. -8.16 `math' + The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by +`\linewidth' (*note Page layout parameters::). + +9.16 `math' =========== Synopsis: @@ -1140,7 +1190,7 @@ Synopsis: The `math' environment inserts the given MATH within the running text. `\(...\))' and `$...$' are synonyms. *Note Math formulas::. -8.17 `minipage' +9.17 `minipage' =============== \begin{minipage}[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH} @@ -1168,7 +1218,7 @@ Counters::). However, don't put one minipage inside another if you are using footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage. -8.18 `picture' +9.18 `picture' ============== \begin{picture}(width,height)(x offset,y offset) @@ -1236,7 +1286,7 @@ corner of the box. The `picture' commands are described in the following sections. -8.18.1 `\circle' +9.18.1 `\circle' ---------------- \circle[*]{DIAMETER} @@ -1247,7 +1297,7 @@ solid circle. Circles up to 40 pt can be drawn. -8.18.2 `\makebox' +9.18.2 `\makebox' ----------------- `\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}' @@ -1273,7 +1323,7 @@ text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: *Note \makebox::. -8.18.3 `\framebox' +9.18.3 `\framebox' ------------------ Synopsis: @@ -1287,7 +1337,7 @@ creates. The `\framebox' command produces a rule of thickness `\fboxrule', and leaves a space `\fboxsep' between the rule and the contents of the box. -8.18.4 `\dashbox' +9.18.4 `\dashbox' ----------------- Draws a box with a dashed line. Synopsis: @@ -1302,7 +1352,7 @@ POS. A dashed box looks best when the `rwidth' and `rheight' are multiples of the `dlen'. -8.18.5 `\frame' +9.18.5 `\frame' --------------- Synopsis: @@ -1313,7 +1363,7 @@ Synopsis: reference point is the bottom left corner of the frame. No extra space is put between the frame and the object. -8.18.6 `\line' +9.18.6 `\line' -------------- Synopsis: @@ -1328,7 +1378,7 @@ have integer values from -6 through 6. For lines of any slope, not to mention other shapes, see the `curve2e' and many many other packages on CTAN. -8.18.7 `\linethickness' +9.18.7 `\linethickness' ----------------------- The `\linethickness{DIM}' command declares the thickness of horizontal @@ -1338,21 +1388,21 @@ positive length. `\linethickness' does not affect the thickness of slanted lines, circles, or the quarter circles drawn by `\oval'. -8.18.8 `\thicklines' +9.18.8 `\thicklines' -------------------- The `\thicklines' command is an alternate line thickness for horizontal and vertical lines in a picture environment; cf. *note \linethickness:: and *note \thinlines::. -8.18.9 `\thinlines' +9.18.9 `\thinlines' ------------------- The `\thinlines' command is the default line thickness for horizontal and vertical lines in a picture environment; cf. *note \linethickness:: and *note \thicklines::. -8.18.10 `\multiput' +9.18.10 `\multiput' ------------------- Synopsis: @@ -1362,7 +1412,7 @@ Synopsis: across a picture. OBJ is first placed at position (x,y), then at (x+\delta x,y+\delta y), and so on, N times. -8.18.11 `\oval' +9.18.11 `\oval' --------------- Synopsis: @@ -1389,7 +1439,7 @@ following: maximum radius of 20pt, so large "ovals" will look more like boxes with rounded corners. -8.18.12 `\put' +9.18.12 `\put' -------------- `\put(x coord,y coord){ ... }' @@ -1397,7 +1447,7 @@ rounded corners. The `\put' command places the item specified by the mandatory argument at the given coordinates. -8.18.13 `\shortstack' +9.18.13 `\shortstack' --------------------- Synopsis: @@ -1418,7 +1468,7 @@ positions are: Objects are separated with `\\'. -8.18.14 `\vector' +9.18.14 `\vector' ----------------- Synopsis: @@ -1429,7 +1479,7 @@ Synopsis: length and slope. The x and y values must lie between -4 and +4, inclusive. -8.19 `quotation' +9.19 `quotation' ================ Synopsis: @@ -1444,7 +1494,7 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph. Unlike the `quote' environment, each paragraph is indented normally. -8.20 `quote' +9.20 `quote' ============ Snyopsis: @@ -1459,7 +1509,7 @@ line between text produces a new paragraph. Unlike the `quotation' environment, paragraphs are not indented. -8.21 `tabbing' +9.21 `tabbing' ============== Synopsis: @@ -1550,7 +1600,7 @@ environment. end;\\ \end{tabbing} -8.22 `table' +9.22 `table' ============ Synopsis: @@ -1577,7 +1627,7 @@ and described there (*note figure::). The body of the table is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands, etc., you wish. The `\caption' command allows you to title your table. -8.23 `tabular' +9.23 `tabular' ============== Synopsis: @@ -1687,7 +1737,7 @@ rule below the table) follows. These commands can be used inside a `tabular' environment: -8.23.1 `\multicolumn' +9.23.1 `\multicolumn' --------------------- Synopsis: @@ -1709,7 +1759,7 @@ third mandatory argument, TEXT, specifies what text to put in the entry. 0x10000&0x1FFFF \cr \end{tabular} -8.23.2 `\cline' +9.23.2 `\cline' --------------- Synopsis: @@ -1720,21 +1770,21 @@ Synopsis: specified, beginning in column I and ending in column J, which are specified in the mandatory argument. -8.23.3 `\hline' +9.23.3 `\hline' --------------- The `\hline' command draws a horizontal line the width of the enclosing `tabular' or `array' environment. It's most commonly used to draw a line at the top, bottom, and between the rows of a table. -8.23.4 `\vline' +9.23.4 `\vline' --------------- The `\vline' command will draw a vertical line extending the full height and depth of its row. An `\hfill' command can be used to move the line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an @-expression. -8.24 `thebibliography' +9.24 `thebibliography' ====================== Synopsis: @@ -1759,7 +1809,7 @@ wide as the widest item label produced by the `\bibitem' commands. It is typically given as `9' for bibliographies with less than 10 references, `99' for ones with less than 100, etc. -8.24.1 `\bibitem' +9.24.1 `\bibitem' ----------------- Synopsis: @@ -1776,7 +1826,7 @@ CITE_KEY and label. When the `.aux' file is read by the `cite_key', causing references to CITE_KEY with a `\cite' command (see next section) to produce the associated label. -8.24.2 `\cite' +9.24.2 `\cite' -------------- Synopsis: @@ -1790,7 +1840,7 @@ associated with KEYS by entries in the `.aux' file. The text of the optional SUBCITE argument appears after the citation. For example, `\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce `[Knuth, p. 314]'. -8.24.3 `\nocite' +9.24.3 `\nocite' ---------------- `\nocite{key_list}' @@ -1798,7 +1848,7 @@ For example, `\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce `[Knuth, p. 314]'. The `\nocite' command produces no text, but writes `key_list', which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the `.aux' file. -8.24.4 Using BibTeX +9.24.4 Using BibTeX ------------------- If you use the BibTeX program by Oren Patashnik (highly recommended if @@ -1838,7 +1888,7 @@ bibliography. The argument to `\bibliography' refers to files named Only the entries referred to via `\cite' and `\nocite' will be listed in the bibliography. -8.25 `theorem' +9.25 `theorem' ============== Synopsis: @@ -1851,7 +1901,7 @@ Synopsis: by THEOREM-TEXT, where the numbering possibilities for N are described under `\newtheorem' (*note \newtheorem::). -8.26 `titlepage' +9.26 `titlepage' ================ Synopsis: @@ -1868,7 +1918,7 @@ be numbered page one. Formatting the title page is left to you. The You can use the `\maketitle' command (*note \maketitle::) to produce a standard title page without a `titlepage' environment. -8.27 `verbatim' +9.27 `verbatim' =============== Synopsis: @@ -1885,7 +1935,7 @@ typewriter. The `verbatim' uses a monospaced typewriter-like font (`\tt'). -8.27.1 `\verb' +9.27.1 `\verb' -------------- Synopsis: @@ -1902,7 +1952,7 @@ in LITERAL-TEXT. The `*'-form differs only in that spaces are printed with a "visible space" character. -8.28 `verse' +9.28 `verse' ============ Synopsis: @@ -1921,8 +1971,8 @@ not indented, and the text is not justified. Separate the lines of each stanza with `\\', and use one or more blank lines to separate the stanzas. -9 Line breaking -*************** +10 Line breaking +**************** The first thing LaTeX does when processing ordinary text is to translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To produce a @@ -1933,8 +1983,8 @@ lines must be broken into pages). environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the `\\' command, and you can always manually force breaks. -9.1 `\\'[*][MORESPACE] -====================== +10.1 `\\'[*][MORESPACE] +======================= The `\\' command tells LaTeX to start a new line. It has an optional argument, MORESPACE, that specifies how much extra vertical space is to @@ -1943,8 +1993,8 @@ be inserted before the next line. This can be a negative amount. The `\\*' command is the same as the ordinary `\\' command except that it tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line. -9.2 `\obeycr' & `\restorecr' -============================ +10.2 `\obeycr' & `\restorecr' +============================= The `\obeycr' command makes a return in the input file (`^^M', internally) the same as `\\' (followed by `\relax'). So each new line @@ -1952,15 +2002,15 @@ in the input will also be a new line in the output. `\restorecr' restores normal line-breaking behavior. -9.3 `\newline' -============== +10.3 `\newline' +=============== The `\newline' command breaks the line at the present point, with no stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph mode. -9.4 `\-' (discretionary hyphen) -=============================== +10.4 `\-' (discretionary hyphen) +================================ The `\-' command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that point. LaTeX is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find most @@ -1971,8 +2021,8 @@ one. The `\-' command is used for the exceptional cases. hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that LaTeX might otherwise have chosen. -9.5 `\fussy' -============ +10.5 `\fussy' +============= The declaration `\fussy' (which is the default) makes TeX picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at the @@ -1981,16 +2031,16 @@ cost of an occasional overfull box. This command cancels the effect of a previous `\sloppy' command (*note \sloppy::. -9.6 `\sloppy' -============= +10.6 `\sloppy' +============== The declaration `\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing. Lasts until a `\fussy' command is issued (*note \fussy::). -9.7 `\hyphenation' -================== +10.7 `\hyphenation' +=================== Synopsis: @@ -2005,8 +2055,8 @@ words): \hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases} -9.8 `\linebreak' & `\nolinebreak' -================================= +10.8 `\linebreak' & `\nolinebreak' +================================== Synopses: @@ -2022,14 +2072,14 @@ margin as usual. a demand to a request. The PRIORITY must be a number from 0 to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request. -10 Page breaking +11 Page breaking **************** LaTeX starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has accumulated to fill up a page. Usually this happens automatically, but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks. -10.1 `\cleardoublepage' +11.1 `\cleardoublepage' ======================= The `\cleardoublepage' command ends the current page and causes all @@ -2037,19 +2087,19 @@ figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand (odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary. -10.2 `\clearpage' +11.2 `\clearpage' ================= The `\clearpage' command ends the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. -10.3 `\newpage' +11.3 `\newpage' =============== The `\newpage' command ends the current page, but does not clear floats (see `\clearpage' above). -10.4 `\enlargethispage' +11.4 `\enlargethispage' ======================= `\enlargethispage{size}' @@ -2064,7 +2114,7 @@ line. as much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit `\pagebreak'. -10.5 `\pagebreak' & `\nopagebreak' +11.5 `\pagebreak' & `\nopagebreak' ================================== Synopses: @@ -2081,14 +2131,14 @@ extends to the normal bottom margin. command from a demand to a request. The number must be a number from 0 to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request is. -11 Footnotes +12 Footnotes ************ Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced with one command, the `\footnote' command. They can also be produced with two commands, the `\footnotemark' and the `\footnotetext' commands. -11.1 `\footnote' +12.1 `\footnote' ================ Synopsis: @@ -2103,7 +2153,7 @@ default footnote number. cannot use it in sectioning commands like `\chapter', in figures, tables or in a `tabular' environment. (See following sections.) -11.2 `\footnotemark' +12.2 `\footnotemark' ==================== With no optional argument, the `\footnotemark' command puts the current @@ -2118,7 +2168,7 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with after the first `\footnote' command. -11.3 `\footnotetext' +12.3 `\footnotetext' ==================== Synopsis: @@ -2132,7 +2182,7 @@ mode. The optional argument NUMBER changes the default footnote number. -11.4 Symbolic footnotes +12.4 Symbolic footnotes ======================= If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing @@ -2145,7 +2195,7 @@ numbers, redefine `\thefootnote' like this: use a different symbol as your footnote mark, you'll need to also redefine `\@fnsymbol'. -11.5 Footnote parameters +12.5 Footnote parameters ======================== `\footnoterule' @@ -2161,12 +2211,12 @@ redefine `\@fnsymbol'. between footnotes. This is `6.65pt' for `10pt', `7.7pt' for `11pt', and `8.4pt' for `12pt'. -12 Definitions +13 Definitions ************** LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds. -12.1 `\newcommand' & `\renewcommand' +13.1 `\newcommand' & `\renewcommand' ==================================== `\newcommand' and `\renewcommand' define and redefine a command, @@ -2198,7 +2248,7 @@ DEFN construct of the form `#N' in DEFN is replaced by the text of the Nth argument. -12.2 `\newcounter' +13.2 `\newcounter' ================== Synopsis: @@ -2213,7 +2263,7 @@ whenever COUNTERNAME is incremented. *Note Counters::, for more information about counters. -12.3 `\newlength' +13.3 `\newlength' ================= Synopsis: @@ -2227,7 +2277,7 @@ as in `\newlength{\foo}'. An error occurs if `\foo' is already defined. *Note Lengths::, for how to set the new length to a nonzero value, and for more information about lengths in general. -12.4 `\newsavebox' +13.4 `\newsavebox' ================== Synopsis: @@ -2237,7 +2287,7 @@ Synopsis: Defines `\CMD', which must be a command name not already defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes. -12.5 `\newenvironment' & `\renewenvironment' +13.5 `\newenvironment' & `\renewenvironment' ============================================ Synopses: @@ -2272,7 +2322,7 @@ ENDDEF The text expanded at every occurrence of `\end{ENV}'. It may not contain any argument parameters. -12.6 `\newtheorem' +13.6 `\newtheorem' ================== \newtheorem{NEWENV}{LABEL}[WITHIN] @@ -2300,7 +2350,7 @@ WITHIN At most one of NUMBERED_LIKE and WITHIN can be specified, not both. -12.7 `\newfont' +13.7 `\newfont' =============== Synopsis: @@ -2314,7 +2364,7 @@ is named `FONTNAME.tfm'. This is a low-level command for setting up to use an individual font. More commonly, fonts are defined in families through `.fd' files. -12.8 `\protect' +13.8 `\protect' =============== Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and @@ -2335,7 +2385,7 @@ preceded by `\protect'. `http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html' `http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=protect' -13 Counters +14 Counters *********** Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with it. The @@ -2350,7 +2400,7 @@ counters used in LaTeX's standard document classes to control numbering. subsection equation mpfootnote enumiv subsubsection -13.1 `\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters +14.1 `\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters ===================================================================== All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for @@ -2382,7 +2432,7 @@ instance, `\alph{enumi}'. asterix(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger -13.2 `\usecounter{COUNTER}' +14.2 `\usecounter{COUNTER}' =========================== Synopsis: @@ -2393,7 +2443,7 @@ Synopsis: `list' environment to specify COUNTER to be used to number the list items. -13.3 `\value{COUNTER}' +14.3 `\value{COUNTER}' ====================== Synopsis: @@ -2407,7 +2457,7 @@ anywhere LaTeX expects a number, for example: \addtocounter{myctr}{1} \hspace{\value{myctr}\parindent} -13.4 `\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' +14.4 `\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' ================================== Synopsis: @@ -2417,26 +2467,26 @@ Synopsis: The `\setcounter' command sets the value of \COUNTER to the VALUE argument. -13.5 `\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' +14.5 `\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' ==================================== The `\addtocounter' command increments COUNTER by the amount specified by the VALUE argument, which may be negative. -13.6 `\refstepcounter{COUNTER}' +14.6 `\refstepcounter{COUNTER}' =============================== The `\refstepcounter' command works in the same way as `\stepcounter' *Note \stepcounter::, except it also defines the current `\ref' value to be the result of `\thecounter'. -13.7 `\stepcounter{COUNTER}' +14.7 `\stepcounter{COUNTER}' ============================ The `\stepcounter' command adds one to COUNTER and resets all subsidiary counters. -13.8 `\day \month \year': Predefined counters +14.8 `\day \month \year': Predefined counters ============================================= LaTeX defines counters for the day of the month (`\day', 1-31), month of @@ -2447,26 +2497,26 @@ running. They are not updated as the job progresses. The related command `\today' produces a string representing the current day (*note \today::). -14 Lengths +15 Lengths ********** A `length' is a measure of distance. Many LaTeX commands take a length as an argument. -14.1 `\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}' +15.1 `\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}' ============================== The `\setlength' sets the value of \LEN to the VALUE argument, which can be expressed in any units that LaTeX understands, i.e., inches (`in'), millimeters (`mm'), points (`pt'), big points (`bp', etc. -14.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT} +15.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT} =============================== The `\addtolength' command increments a "length command" \LEN by the amount specified in the AMOUNT argument, which may be negative. -14.3 `\settodepth' +15.3 `\settodepth' ================== `\settodepth{\gnat}{text}' @@ -2474,7 +2524,7 @@ amount specified in the AMOUNT argument, which may be negative. The `\settodepth' command sets the value of a `length' command equal to the depth of the `text' argument. -14.4 `\settoheight' +15.4 `\settoheight' =================== `\settoheight{\gnat}{text}' @@ -2482,13 +2532,13 @@ to the depth of the `text' argument. The `\settoheight' command sets the value of a `length' command equal to the height of the `text' argument. -14.5 `\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}' +15.5 `\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}' ============================== The `\settowidth' command sets the value of the command \LEN to the width of the TEXT argument. -14.6 Predefined lengths +15.6 Predefined lengths ======================= `\width' @@ -2506,7 +2556,7 @@ make a box with the text stretched to double the natural size, e.g., say `\makebox[2\width]{Get a stretcher}' -15 Making paragraphs +16 Making paragraphs ******************** A paragraph is ended by one or more completely blank lines--lines not @@ -2514,7 +2564,7 @@ containing even a `%'. A blank line should not appear where a new paragraph cannot be started, such as in math mode or in the argument of a sectioning command. -15.1 `\indent' +16.1 `\indent' ============== `\indent' produces a horizontal space whose width equals the width of @@ -2525,20 +2575,20 @@ to add paragraph indentation where it would otherwise be suppressed. otherwise `15pt' for `10pt' documents, `17pt' for `11pt', and `1.5em' for `12pt'. -15.2 `\noindent' +16.2 `\noindent' ================ When used at the beginning of the paragraph, `\noindent' suppresses any paragraph indentation. It has no effect when used in the middle of a paragraph. -15.3 `\parskip' +16.3 `\parskip' =============== `\parskip' is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added before each paragraph. The default is `0pt plus1pt'. -15.4 Marginal notes +16.4 Marginal notes =================== Synopsis: @@ -2587,7 +2637,7 @@ hyphenation there by beginning the node with `\hspace{0pt}'. The standard LaTeX routine for marginal notes does not prevent notes from falling off the bottom of the page. -16 Math formulas +17 Math formulas **************** There are three environments that put LaTeX in math mode: @@ -2625,7 +2675,7 @@ formula to be that of `displaymath', e.g., with limits above and below summations. For example $\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n $ -16.1 Subscripts & superscripts +17.1 Subscripts & superscripts ============================== To get an expression exp to appear as a subscript, you just type @@ -2634,7 +2684,7 @@ LaTeX handles superscripted superscripts and all of that stuff in the natural way. It even does the right thing when something has both a subscript and a superscript. -16.2 Math symbols +17.2 Math symbols ================= LaTeX provides almost any mathematical symbol you're likely to need. The @@ -3270,7 +3320,7 @@ symbol (\pi) in your output. `\zeta' \zeta -16.3 Math functions +17.3 Math functions =================== These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper @@ -3378,7 +3428,7 @@ spacing. `\tanh' \tanh -16.4 Math accents +17.4 Math accents ================= LaTeX provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters in @@ -3427,7 +3477,7 @@ Accents::). `\widehat' Math wide tilde accent: \widetilde{x+y}. -16.5 Spacing in math mode +17.5 Spacing in math mode ========================= In a `math' environment, LaTeX ignores the spaces you type and puts in @@ -3448,7 +3498,7 @@ math mode: `\!' A negative thin space (-{1\over6}\,quad). -16.6 Math miscellany +17.6 Math miscellany ==================== `\*' @@ -3498,7 +3548,7 @@ math mode: `\vdots' Produces a vertical ellipsis. -17 Modes +18 Modes ******** When LaTeX is processing your input text, it is always in one of three @@ -3536,13 +3586,13 @@ in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to be in "inner paragraph mode". Its normal paragraph mode, which it starts out in, is called "outer paragraph mode". -18 Page styles +19 Page styles ************** The `\documentclass' command determines the size and position of the page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them. -18.1 `\maketitle' +19.1 `\maketitle' ================= The `\maketitle' command generates a title on a separate title @@ -3568,7 +3618,7 @@ obtained from the following declarations: The `\title' command declares TEXT to be the title of the document. Use `\\' to force a line break, as usual. -18.2 `\pagenumbering' +19.2 `\pagenumbering' ===================== Synopsis: @@ -3592,7 +3642,7 @@ Synopsis: `Alph' uppercase letters -18.3 `\pagestyle' +19.3 `\pagestyle' ================= Synopsis: @@ -3628,14 +3678,14 @@ typeset from the current page onwards. Values for STYLE: `\markright{RIGHT}' Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged. -18.4 `\thispagestyle{STYLE}' +19.4 `\thispagestyle{STYLE}' ============================ The `\thispagestyle' command works in the same manner as the `\pagestyle' command (see previous section) except that it changes to STYLE for the current page only. -19 Spaces +20 Spaces ********* LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. @@ -3644,7 +3694,7 @@ LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. (usually 1/6quad). It can be used in text mode, but is more often useful in math mode (*note Spacing in math mode::). -19.1 `\hspace' +20.1 `\hspace' ============== Synopsis: @@ -3659,7 +3709,7 @@ with an `\hspace' command; adding negative space is like backspacing. LaTeX normally removes horizontal space that comes at the beginning or end of a line. To preserve this space, use the optional `*' form. -19.2 `\hfill' +20.2 `\hfill' ============= The `\hfill' fill command produces a "rubber length" which has no @@ -3669,7 +3719,7 @@ natural space but can stretch or shrink horizontally as far as needed. glue value `0pt plus1fill'); thus, `\hspace\fill' is equivalent to `\hfill'. -19.3 `\SPACE' +20.3 `\SPACE' ============= The `\ ' (space) command produces a normal interword space. It's useful @@ -3680,7 +3730,7 @@ used after control sequences, as in `\TeX\ is a nice system.' In normal circumstances, `\'<tab> and `\'<newline> are equivalent to `\ '. -19.4 `\@' +20.4 `\@' ========= The `\@' command makes the following punctuation character end a @@ -3694,13 +3744,13 @@ produces ... in C. Pascal, though ... ... in C. Pascal, though ... -19.5 `\thinspace' +20.5 `\thinspace' ================= `\thinspace' produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that is 1/6 of an em. This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as in '". -19.6 `\/' +20.6 `\/' ========= The `\/' command produces an "italic correction". This is a small space @@ -3718,20 +3768,20 @@ are nicely separated) with f: f;. correction. Compare pdfTeX (in the TeX output, there is a small space after the `f') with pdfTeX. -19.7 `\hrulefill' +20.7 `\hrulefill' ================= The `\hrulefill' fill command produces a "rubber length" which can stretch or shrink horizontally. It will be filled with a horizontal rule. -19.8 `\dotfill' +20.8 `\dotfill' =============== The `\dotfill' command produces a "rubber length" that fills with dots instead of just white space. -19.9 `\addvspace' +20.9 `\addvspace' ================= `\addvspace{length}' @@ -3742,7 +3792,7 @@ point in the output by a previous `\addvspace' command, then this command will not add more space than needed to make the natural length of the total vertical space equal to `length'. -19.10 `\bigskip \medskip \smallskip' +20.10 `\bigskip \medskip \smallskip' ==================================== These commands produce a given amount of space. @@ -3761,14 +3811,14 @@ These commands produce a given amount of space. The `\...amount' parameters are determined by the document class. -19.11 `\vfill' +20.11 `\vfill' ============== The `\vfill' fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It's equivalent to `\vspace{\fill}' (*note \hfill::). -19.12 `\vspace[*]{LENGTH}' +20.12 `\vspace[*]{LENGTH}' ========================== Synopsis: @@ -3782,20 +3832,20 @@ length. LENGTH can be negative or positive. top or bottom of a page. With the optional `*' argument, the space is not removed. -20 Boxes +21 Boxes ******** All the predefined length parameters (*note Predefined lengths::) can be used in the arguments of the box-making commands. -20.1 `\mbox{TEXT}' +21.1 `\mbox{TEXT}' ================== The `\mbox' command creates a box just wide enough to hold the text created by its argument. The TEXT is not broken into lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation. -20.2 `\fbox' and `\framebox' +21.2 `\fbox' and `\framebox' ============================ Synopses: @@ -3817,7 +3867,7 @@ rule and the contents of the box. *Note \framebox (picture)::, for the `\framebox' command in the `picture' environment. -20.3 `lrbox' +21.3 `lrbox' ============ `\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}' @@ -3827,7 +3877,7 @@ rule and the contents of the box. The text inside the environment is saved in the box `cmd', which must have been declared with `\newsavebox'. -20.4 `\makebox' +21.4 `\makebox' =============== Synopsis: @@ -3855,7 +3905,7 @@ optional POSITION argument, which may take the following values: `\makebox' is also used within the picture environment *note \makebox (picture)::. -20.5 `\parbox' +21.5 `\parbox' ============== Synopsis: @@ -3899,7 +3949,7 @@ box, as follows; if it is not specified, POSITION is used. stretch vertically; the text must contain vertically stretchable space for this to work. -20.6 `\raisebox' +21.6 `\raisebox' ================ Synopsis: @@ -3915,7 +3965,7 @@ specified, LaTeX treats TEXT as extending a certain distance above the baseline (height) or below (depth), ignoring its natural height and depth. -20.7 `\savebox' +21.7 `\savebox' =============== Synopsis: @@ -3927,7 +3977,7 @@ Synopsis: it in the box labeled \BOXCMD, which must have been declared with `\newsavebox' (*note \newsavebox::). -20.8 `\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}' +21.8 `\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}' =========================== Synopsis: @@ -3939,7 +3989,7 @@ except that instead of the resulting box being included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled \BOXCMD. \BOXCMD must have been previously declared with `\newsavebox' (*note \newsavebox::). -20.9 `\usebox{\BOXCMD' +21.9 `\usebox{\BOXCMD' ====================== Synopsis: @@ -3949,13 +3999,13 @@ Synopsis: `\usebox' producesthe box most recently saved in the bin \BOXCMD by a `\savebox' command (*note \savebox::). -21 Special insertions +22 Special insertions ********************* LaTeX provides commands for inserting characters that have a special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type. -21.1 Reserved characters +22.1 Reserved characters ======================== The following characters play a special role in LaTeX and are called @@ -3986,7 +4036,7 @@ it can be typed as `\symbol{32}'. with `"', so the previous example could also be written as `\symbol{'40}' or `\symbol{"20}'. -21.2 Text symbols +22.2 Text symbols ================= LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in @@ -4117,9 +4167,6 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package. `\textordmasculine' Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: a, o. -`\textordfeminine' - Feminine ordinal symbol: (R). - `\textperiodcentered' Centered period: \cdot. @@ -4155,7 +4202,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package. Trademark symbol: ^{\hbox{TM}}. `\texttwelveudash' - Xx 12u-. + "Two-thirds" em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. `\textunderscore' Underscore: _. @@ -4163,7 +4210,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package. `\textvisiblespace' Visible space symbol. -21.3 Accents +22.3 Accents ============ LaTeX has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages, @@ -4257,7 +4304,7 @@ capital letters. These are not available with OT1. `\capitalcaron' Produces a ha'c<ek (check, caron) accent, as in `o<'. -21.4 Non-English characters +22.4 Non-English characters =========================== Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting characters commonly used @@ -4307,7 +4354,7 @@ in languages other than English. `\TH' Icelandic letter thorn: th and TH. -21.5 `\rule' +22.5 `\rule' ============ Synopsis: @@ -4326,7 +4373,7 @@ WIDTH THICKNESS The thickness of the rule (mandatory). -21.6 `\today' +22.6 `\today' ============= The `\today' command produces today's date, in the format `MONTH DD, @@ -4337,7 +4384,7 @@ It is not updated as the program runs. The `datetime' package, among others, can produce a wide variety of other date formats. -22 Splitting the input +23 Splitting the input ********************** A large document requires a lot of input. Rather than putting the whole @@ -4346,7 +4393,7 @@ several smaller ones. Regardless of how many separate files you use, there is one that is the root file; it is the one whose name you type when you run LaTeX. -22.1 `\include' +23.1 `\include' =============== Synopsis: @@ -4364,7 +4411,7 @@ section. The `\include' command may not appear in the preamble or in a file read by another `\include' command. -22.2 \`includeonly' +23.2 \`includeonly' =================== Synopsis: @@ -4378,7 +4425,7 @@ comma-separated. Each FILE must exactly match a filename specified in a This command can only appear in the preamble. -22.3 \input +23.3 \input =========== Synopsis: @@ -4393,10 +4440,10 @@ that point. first tried with that extension (`foo.tex' or `foo.bar.tex'). If that is not found, the original FILE is tried (`foo' or `foo.bar'). -23 Front/back matter +24 Front/back matter ******************** -23.1 Tables of contents +24.1 Tables of contents ======================= A table of contents is produced with the `\tableofcontents' command. @@ -4416,7 +4463,7 @@ exactly the same as for the table of contents. The command `\nofiles' overrides these commands, and _prevents_ any of these lists from being generated. -23.1.1 \addcontentsline +24.1.1 \addcontentsline ----------------------- The `\addcontentsline'{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT} command adds an entry to the @@ -4447,7 +4494,7 @@ ENTRY What is written to the `.EXT' file is the command `\contentsline{UNIT}{NAME}'. -23.1.2 \addtocontents +24.1.2 \addtocontents --------------------- The `\addtocontents'{EXT}{TEXT} command adds text (or formatting @@ -4462,7 +4509,7 @@ EXT TEXT The text to be written. -23.2 Glossaries +24.2 Glossaries =============== The command `\makeglossary' enables creating glossaries. @@ -4477,7 +4524,7 @@ value. The `glossary' package on CTAN provides support for fancier glossaries. -23.3 Indexes +24.3 Indexes ============ The command `\makeindex' enables creating indexes. Put this in the @@ -4517,7 +4564,7 @@ the index. FAQ entry on this topic, `http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind'. -24 Letters +25 Letters ********** You can use LaTeX to typeset letters, both personal and business. The @@ -4553,7 +4600,7 @@ separate the items. These commands are used with the `letter' class. -24.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS} +25.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS} ============================= The `\address' specifies the return address of a letter, as it should @@ -4566,7 +4613,7 @@ formatted for copying onto your organisation's standard letterhead. give an `\address' declaration, then the letter will be formatted as a personal letter. -24.2 `\cc' +25.2 `\cc' ========== Synopsis: @@ -4576,7 +4623,7 @@ Synopsis: Produce a list of NAMEs the letter was copied to. Each name is printed on a separate line. -24.3 `\closing' +25.3 `\closing' =============== Synopsis: @@ -4586,7 +4633,7 @@ Synopsis: A letter closes with a `\closing' command, for example, \closing{Best Regards,} -24.4 `\encl' +25.4 `\encl' ============ Synopsis: @@ -4595,7 +4642,7 @@ Synopsis: Declare a list of one more enclosures. -24.5 `\location' +25.5 `\location' ================ `\location{address}' @@ -4603,7 +4650,7 @@ Synopsis: This modifies your organisation's standard address. This only appears if the `firstpage' pagestyle is selected. -24.6 `\makelabels' +25.6 `\makelabels' ================== `\makelabels{number}' @@ -4611,7 +4658,7 @@ appears if the `firstpage' pagestyle is selected. If you issue this command in the preamble, LaTeX will create a sheet of address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters. -24.7 `\name' +25.7 `\name' ============ `\name{June Davenport}' @@ -4619,7 +4666,7 @@ of address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters. Your name, used for printing on the envelope together with the return address. -24.8 `\opening{TEXT}' +25.8 `\opening{TEXT}' ===================== Synopsis: @@ -4631,33 +4678,33 @@ TEXT, is whatever text you wish to start your letter. For instance: \opening{Dear Joe,} -24.9 `\ps' +25.9 `\ps' ========== Use the `\ps' command to start a postscript in a letter, after `\closing'. -24.10 `\signature{TEXT}' +25.10 `\signature{TEXT}' ======================== Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the space for your signature. `\\' starts a new line within TEXT as usual. -24.11 `\startbreaks' +25.11 `\startbreaks' ==================== `\startbreaks' Used after a `\stopbreaks' command to allow page breaks again. -24.12 `\stopbreaks' +25.12 `\stopbreaks' =================== `\stopbreaks' Inhibit page breaks until a `\startbreaks' command occurs. -24.13 `\telephone' +25.13 `\telephone' ================== `\telephone{number}' @@ -4665,10 +4712,10 @@ space for your signature. `\\' starts a new line within TEXT as usual. This is your telephone number. This only appears if the `firstpage' pagestyle is selected. -25 Terminal input/output +26 Terminal input/output ************************ -25.1 `\typein[CMD]{MSG}' +26.1 `\typein[CMD]{MSG}' ======================== Synopsis: @@ -4682,7 +4729,7 @@ had been included in the input file in place of the `\typein' command. If the \CMD argument is present, it must be a command name. This command name is then defined or redefined to be the typed input. -25.2 `\typeout{MSG}' +26.2 `\typeout{MSG}' ==================== Synopsis: @@ -4698,7 +4745,7 @@ and ignoring spaces after a command name apply to `msg'. A `\space' command in `msg' causes a single space to be printed, independent of surrounding spaces. A `^^J' in `msg' prints a newline. -26 Command line +27 Command line *************** The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; TeX @@ -4718,7 +4765,8 @@ Appendix A Document templates ***************************** Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will -be useful. +be useful. Additional templates are collected at +`http://www.howtotex.com/templates'. A.1 `book' template =================== diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml index f2d62157bbb..fe4c53219ce 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml @@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ <texinfo xml:lang="en"> <setfilename>latex2e.xml</setfilename> -<setvalue name="UPDATED">July 2010</setvalue> -<settitle>&latex;2e reference manual (July 2010)</settitle> +<setvalue name="UPDATED">May 2011</setvalue> +<settitle>&latex;2e reference manual (May 2011)</settitle> <!-- %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) --> <!-- xx latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, --> @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ <!-- xx mention usrguide --> <!-- xx mention ! float placement, p.15 of usrguide --> <!-- xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ --> +<!-- xx merged permuted-index --> <!-- --> <!-- xx The typeset source2e will have an index with all kernel --> <!-- xx commands, which would be a good start. classes.dtx et al. --> @@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ <!-- xx fonts - latexsys --> <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version of July 2010. +document preparation system, version of May 2011. </para> <para>This was originally translated from <file>LATEX.HLP</file> v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by @@ -35,10 +36,10 @@ Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using <cite>Hypertext Help with &latex;</cite>, by Sheldon Green, and the <cite>&latex; Command Summary</cite> (for &latex; 2.09) by L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as -<cite>&tex;niques</cite> number 10), as reference material (text was not +<cite>&tex;niques</cite> number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). </para> -<para>Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry.&linebreak; +<para>Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. </para> @@ -68,11 +69,11 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. <titlepage> <booktitle>&latex;: Structured documents for &tex;</booktitle> <booksubtitle>unofficial &latex; reference manual</booksubtitle> -<booksubtitle>July 2010</booksubtitle> -<author></author> +<booksubtitle>May 2011</booksubtitle> +<author><uref><urefurl>http://home.gna.org/latexrefman</urefurl></uref></author> <page></page> <vskip></vskip><para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version of July 2010. +document preparation system, version of May 2011. </para> <para>This was originally translated from <file>LATEX.HLP</file> v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by @@ -83,10 +84,10 @@ Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using <cite>Hypertext Help with &latex;</cite>, by Sheldon Green, and the <cite>&latex; Command Summary</cite> (for &latex; 2.09) by L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as -<cite>&tex;niques</cite> number 10), as reference material (text was not +<cite>&tex;niques</cite> number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). </para> -<para>Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry.&linebreak; +<para>Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. </para> @@ -109,27 +110,24 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. <node> <nodename>Top</nodename> -<nodenext>Overview</nodenext> +<nodenext>About this document</nodenext> <nodeup>(dir)</nodeup> </node> <top> <title>&latex;2e</title> <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version as of July 2010. It is +document preparation system, version as of May 2011. It is intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of &latex; for many years. </para> -<para><indexterm index="cp">Knuth, Donald E.</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">Lamport, Leslie</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">&latex; Project team</indexterm>&latex; is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth's -&tex; typesetting program. &latex; was originally created by Leslie -Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers -(<uref><urefurl>http://latex-project.org</urefurl></uref>). The official documentation written -by the &latex; project is available there. Again, the present -document is unofficial and has not been reviewed by the &latex; -maintainers. -</para> <menu> <menuentry> +<menunode>About this document</menunode> +<menutitle>About this document</menutitle> +<menucomment> Bug reporting, etc. +</menucomment> +</menuentry><menuentry> <menunode>Overview</menunode> <menutitle>Overview</menutitle> <menucomment> What is &latex;? @@ -279,63 +277,103 @@ maintainers. </top> <node> +<nodename>About this document</nodename> +<nodenext>Overview</nodenext> +<nodeprev>Top</nodeprev> +<nodeup>Top</nodeup> +</node> +<chapter> +<title>Overview of &latex;</title> + +<para><indexterm index="cp">Knuth, Donald E.</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">Lamport, Leslie</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">&latex; Project team</indexterm>The &latex; document preparation system is implemented as a macro +package for Donald E. Knuth's &tex; typesetting program. +&latex; was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now +maintained by a group of volunteers (<uref><urefurl>http://latex-project.org</urefurl></uref>). +The official documentation written by the &latex; project is +available from their web site. +</para> +<para><indexterm index="cp">bug reporting</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">reporting bugs</indexterm><indexterm index="fn"><email><emailaddress>latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</emailaddress></email> <r>email address</r></indexterm>The present document is completely unofficial and has not been +reviewed by the &latex; maintainers. Do not send bug reports or +anything else about this document to them. Instead, please send all +comments to <email><emailaddress>latexrefman-discuss@gna.org</emailaddress></email>. +</para> +<para>The home page for this document is +<uref><urefurl>http://home.gna.org/latexrefman</urefurl></uref>. That page has links to the +current output in various formats, sources, mailing lists, and other +infrastructure. +</para> + +</chapter> +<node> <nodename>Overview</nodename> <nodenext>Starting & ending</nodenext> -<nodeprev>Top</nodeprev> +<nodeprev>About this document</nodeprev> <nodeup>Top</nodeup> </node> <chapter> <title>Overview of &latex;</title> -<para><indexterm index="cp">overview of &latex;</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">&latex; overview</indexterm></para> -<para>The &latex; command typesets a file of text using the &tex; program -and the &latex; “macro package” for &tex;. To be more specific, -it processes an input file containing the text of a document with -interspersed commands that describe how the text should be formatted. -It produces at least three files as output: +<para>What is &latex;? </para> -<enumerate first="1"><item> -<para>A main output file, which is one of: +<para><indexterm index="cp">overview of &latex;</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">basics of &latex;</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">&latex; overview</indexterm>&latex; typesets a file of text using the &tex; program and the +&latex; “macro package” for &tex;. That is, it processes an input +file containing the text of a document with interspersed commands that +describe how the text should be formatted. &latex; files are plain +text that can be written in any reasonable editor. It produces at +least three files as output: </para> <enumerate first="1"><item> -<para>If invoked as <command>latex</command>, a “Device Independent” (<file>.dvi</file>) -file. This contains commands that can be translated into commands for -a variety of output devices. You can view such <file>.dvi</file> output of -&latex; by using a program such as <command>xdvi</command> (display directly) -or <command>dvips</command> (convert to PostScript). -</para> -</item> -<item> -<para>If invoked as <command>pdflatex</command>, a “Portable Document Format” +<para>The main output file, which is one of: +</para> +<table><tableitem><tableterm><code>.dvi</code></tableterm> +<item><para><indexterm index="fn">.dvi <r>file</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">latex <r>command</r></indexterm>If invoked as <command>latex</command>, a “Device Independent” (<file>.dvi</file>) +file is produced. This contains commands that can be translated into +commands for virtually any output device. You can view such +<file>.dvi</file> output of &latex; by using a program such as +<command>xdvi</command> (display directly), <command>dvips</command> (convert to +PostScript), or <command>dvipdfmx</command> (convert to PDF). +</para> +</item></tableitem><tableitem><tableterm><code>.pdf</code></tableterm> +<item><para><indexterm index="fn">.pdf <r>file</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">pdf&tex;</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">pdflatex <r>command</r></indexterm>If invoked as <command>pdflatex</command>, a “Portable Document Format” (<file>.pdf</file>) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does make the output much larger than the <file>.dvi</file> produced from the same document. -</para></item> -</enumerate> +</para> +<para><indexterm index="fn">lualatex <r>command</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">Lua&tex;</indexterm>If invoked as <command>lualatex</command>, a <file>.pdf</file> file is created using +the Lua&tex; engine (<uref><urefurl>http://luatex.org</urefurl></uref>). +</para> +<para><indexterm index="fn">xelatex <r>command</r></indexterm><indexterm index="cp">Xe&tex;</indexterm>If invoked as <command>xelatex</command>, a <file>.pdf</file> file is created using +the Xe&tex; engine (<uref><urefurl>http://tug.org/xetex</urefurl></uref>). +</para> +</item></tableitem></table> -<para>There are other less-common variants of &latex; (and &tex;) as well, -which can produce HTML, XML, and other things. +<para>Many other less-common variants of &latex; (and &tex;) exist, which +can produce HTML, XML, and other things. </para> </item> <item> -<para>A “transcript” or <file>.log</file> file that contains summary information and -diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input file. +<para><indexterm index="cp">transcript file</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">log file</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">.log <r>file</r></indexterm>The “transcript” or <file>.log</file> file that contains summary +information and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the +input file. </para> </item> <item> -<para>An “auxiliary” or <file>.aux</file> file. This is used by &latex; itself, for -things such as sectioning. +<para><indexterm index="cp">auxiliary file</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">.aux <r>file</r></indexterm>An “auxiliary” or <file>.aux</file> file. This is used by &latex; itself, +for things such as cross-references. </para></item> </enumerate> -<para>A &latex; command begins with the command name, which consists of a -<code>\</code> followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a -single non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, <code>[]</code>, -are optional while arguments contained in braces, <code>{}</code>, are +<para>An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won't try to +list them all. Xxx components? +</para> +<para><indexterm index="fn">\ <r>character starting commands</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">[...] <r>for optional arguments</r></indexterm><indexterm index="fn">{...} <r>for required arguments</r></indexterm>In the &latex; input file, a command name starts with a <code>\</code>, +followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single +non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, <code>[]</code>, are +optional while arguments contained in braces, <code>{}</code>, are required. </para> -<para>&latex; is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless +<para><indexterm index="cp">case sensitivity of &latex;</indexterm>&latex; is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless explicitly directed to do otherwise. </para> @@ -461,7 +499,7 @@ the distance on even (odd) numbered pages between the left side of the page and the text's left margin. The defaults vary with the paper size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For one-sided printing the text is centered, for two-sided, <code>\oddsidemargin</code> is -40% of the difference between <code>\paperwidth</code> and <code>\textwidth</code> +40% of the difference between <code>\paperwidth</code> and <code>\textwidth</code>, with <code>\evensidemargin</code> the remainder. </para> </item></tableitem><tableitem><tableterm><code>openright</code></tableterm> @@ -945,8 +983,11 @@ the page footer. Default is <samp>30pt</samp>, except in the <code>book</code> class, where it varies with the type size. </para> </item></tableitem><tableitem><tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\linewidth</indexterm><code>\linewidth</code></tableterm> -<item><para>Width of the current line; the default varies with the font size, -paper width, two-column mode, etc. For an <code>article</code> document in +<item><para>Width of the current line, decreased for each nested <code>list</code> +(see <xref><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></xref>). Specifically, it is smaller than <code>\textwidth</code> by +the sum of <code>\leftmargin</code> and <code>\rightmargin</code> +(see <xref><xrefnodename>itemize</xrefnodename></xref>). The default varies with the font size, paper +width, two-column mode, etc. For an <code>article</code> document in <samp>10pt</samp>, it's set to <samp>345pt</samp>; in two-column mode, that becomes <samp>229.5pt</samp>. </para> @@ -959,11 +1000,29 @@ For <samp>11pt</samp>, it's <samp>38\baselineskip</samp> and for <samp>12pt</sam <samp>36\baselineskip</samp>. </para> </item></tableitem><tableitem><tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textwidth</indexterm><code>\textwidth</code></tableterm> -<item><para>The normal horizontal width of the page body; the default varies as -usual. For an <code>article</code> or <code>report</code> document, it's +<item><para>The full horizontal width of the entire page body; the default varies +as usual. For an <code>article</code> or <code>report</code> document, it's <samp>345pt</samp> at <samp>10pt</samp>, <samp>360pt</samp> at <samp>11pt</samp>, and <samp>390pt</samp> at <samp>12pt</samp>. For a <code>book</code> document, it's -<samp>4.5in</samp> at <samp>10pt</samp>, and <samp>5in</samp> at <samp>11pt</samp> or <samp>12pt</samp>. +<samp>4.5in</samp> at <samp>10pt</samp>, and <samp>5in</samp> at <samp>11pt</samp> or +<samp>12pt</samp>. +</para> +<para>In multi-column output, <code>\textwidth</code> remains the width of the +entire page body, while <code>\columnwidth</code> is the width of one column +(see <xref><xrefnodename>\twocolumn</xrefnodename></xref>). +</para> +<para>In lists (see <xref><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></xref>), <code>\textwidth</code> remains the width of the +entire page body (and <code>\columnwidth</code> the width of the entire +column), while <code>\linewidth</code> may decrease for nested lists. +</para> +<para>Inside a minipage (see <xref><xrefnodename>minipage</xrefnodename></xref>) or <code>\parbox</code> +(see <xref><xrefnodename>\parbox</xrefnodename></xref>), all the width-related parameters are set to the +specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of the +<code>minipage</code> or <code>\parbox</code>. +</para> +<para><indexterm index="fn">\hsize</indexterm>For completeness: <code>\hsize</code> is the &tex; primitive parameter used +when text is broken into lines. It should not be used in normal +&latex; documents. </para> </item></tableitem><tableitem><tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\topmargin</indexterm><code>\topmargin</code></tableterm> <item><para>Space between the top of the &tex; page (one inch from the top of the @@ -1999,6 +2058,9 @@ label. It can and usually does contain other &latex; commands. spacing parameters for the list. This argument will most often be empty, i.e., <code>{}</code>, which leaves the default spacing. </para> +<para>The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by +<code>\linewidth</code> (see <xref><xrefnodename>Page layout parameters</xrefnodename></xref>). +</para> </section> <node> @@ -3856,6 +3918,7 @@ text of the <var>n</var>th argument. </para> </item></tableitem></table> +<!-- xx \providecommand, * form (non-\long) --> </section> <node> @@ -6669,9 +6732,6 @@ has the ascender height. <tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textordmasculine</indexterm><code>\textordmasculine</code></tableterm> <item><para><indexterm index="cp">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">masculine ordinal symbol</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm>Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: ª, º. </para> -</item></tableitem><tableitem><tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textordfeminine</indexterm><code>\textordfeminine</code></tableterm> -<item><para><indexterm index="cp">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm>Feminine ordinal symbol: ®istered;. -</para> </item></tableitem><tableitem><tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textperiodcentered</indexterm><code>\textperiodcentered</code></tableterm> <item><para><indexterm index="cp">period, centered, in text</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">centered period, in text</indexterm>Centered period: <math>\cdot</math>. </para> @@ -6707,7 +6767,7 @@ has the ascender height. <item><para><indexterm index="cp">trademark symbol</indexterm>Trademark symbol: <math>^{\hbox{TM}}</math>. </para> </item></tableitem><tableitem><tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\texttwelveudash</indexterm><code>\texttwelveudash</code></tableterm> -<item><para>Xx 12u-. +<item><para><indexterm index="cp">two-thirds em-dash</indexterm><indexterm index="cp">em-dash, two-thirds</indexterm>“Two-thirds” em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. </para> </item></tableitem><tableitem><tableterm><indexterm index="fn">\textunderscore</indexterm><code>\textunderscore</code></tableterm> <item><para><indexterm index="cp">underscore, in text</indexterm>Underscore: _. @@ -7076,7 +7136,7 @@ is tried (<samp>foo</samp> or <samp>foo.bar</samp>). <title>Tables of contents</title> <para><indexterm index="cp">table of contents, creating</indexterm></para> -<para><indexterm index="fn">\tableofcontents</indexterm>A table of contents is produced with the <code>\tableofcontents</code> +<para><indexterm index="fn">\tableofcontents</indexterm><indexterm index="fn">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm>A table of contents is produced with the <code>\tableofcontents</code> command. You put the command right where you want the table of contents to go; &latex; does the rest for you. A previous run must have generated a <file>.toc</file> file. @@ -7687,7 +7747,8 @@ command; e.g. <title>Document templates</title> <para><indexterm index="cp">document templates</indexterm></para> <para>Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will -be useful. +be useful. Additional templates are collected at +<uref><urefurl>http://www.howtotex.com/templates</urefurl></uref>. </para> <menu> <menuentry> |