diff options
| author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2013-05-15 21:52:09 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2013-05-15 21:52:09 +0000 |
| commit | a3f89152f66285a955a51e3dbeeae31e1f8a63e1 (patch) | |
| tree | 088c89520e533101f7b2f065752e945e169e8244 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo | |
| parent | b1c0322f63142a632f15e21009547e439784bfc9 (diff) | |
latex2e-help-texinfo (15may13)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@30487 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo')
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog | 23 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk | 131 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html | 215 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf | bin | 656486 -> 675691 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi | 90 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt | 1602 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml | 5153 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ltx-help.el | 182 |
9 files changed, 4570 insertions, 2834 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog index 9b30c2ca513..7250c507a9b 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,24 @@ +2013-05-13 Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org> + + * latex2e.texi (Font styles): mention \oldstylenums. + (picture): \unitlength default is 1pt. + +2013-04-25 Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org> + + * latex2e.texi (\newcommand & \renewcommand): mention * form; + try to clarify optional arg defaults. + (beamer template): link to one of the many web pages about this. + (\AT): make example output better match input. + +2013-04-25 Mandar Mitra <mandar.mitra@gmail.com> + + * ltx-help.el (latex-help): handle try-completion returning a + string for a partial match, vs. t for exact match. + +2013-04-25 Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org> + + * ltx-help.el: untabify, doc fixes. + 2012-05-10 Karl Berry <karl@gnu.org> * May 2012 release for TeX Live 2012. @@ -344,3 +365,5 @@ * latex2e.texi: remove comments, single space after @node for ease of searching. + +(This ChangeLog file is in the public domain.) diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS index 6093263061b..c501f23260c 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS @@ -4,7 +4,15 @@ Public domain. Originally written 1995, Torsten Martinsen. Spanish translation from Nacho Pacheco. ---------------------------------------------------------------- +Changes in May 2013 release: + +Usual bug fixes, template updates. +Mention \unitlength default (1pt) and \oldstylenums. +Fix in ltx-help.el to find correct nodes for environments, etc. + +---------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in May 2012 release: + Template updates and references. More on floats. Mention a few other documents. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk index 6d42c9c12d1..94aba2c18a0 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk @@ -4,14 +4,15 @@ <!ENTITY latex "LaTeX"> ]> <book id="latex2e.dbk" lang="en"> -<title>&latex;2e reference manual (May 2012)</title> +<title>&latex;2e reference manual (May 2013)</title> <!-- %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) --> <!-- latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, --> <!-- xx but latex2e stuff is missing. --> <!-- --> -<!-- xx mention \oldstylenums (comes from where?) --> <!-- xx mention \topnumber, \bottomnumber, \totalnumber --> +<!-- xx mention \nocorr, \textit and ic --> +<!-- xx give actual smallskip/etc. defaults --> <!-- --> <!-- xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ (alt-latex-info) --> <!-- xx merge permuted-index --> @@ -19,12 +20,12 @@ <!-- xx The typeset source2e has an index with all kernel --> <!-- xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included. --> <!-- xx classes.dtx et al. define additional commands. --> +<!-- xx See also http://www.ctan.org/pkg/macros2e. --> <!-- --> -<!-- xx packages - required, additional, useful; oberdiek ... --> -<!-- xx fonts - latexsys --> +<!-- xx packages - required, additional, useful; oberdiek; fonts --> <bookinfo><legalnotice><para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version of May 2012. +document preparation system, version of May 2013. </para> <para>This manual was originally translated from <filename>LATEX.HLP</filename> v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by @@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as <citetitle>&tex;niques</citetitle> number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). </para> -<para>Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Karl Berry. +<para>Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Karl Berry. Copyright © 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. @@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version of May 2012. +document preparation system, version of May 2013. </para> <para>This manual was originally translated from <filename>LATEX.HLP</filename> v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by @@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as <citetitle>&tex;niques</citetitle> number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). </para> -<para>Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Karl Berry. +<para>Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Karl Berry. Copyright © 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. @@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. <title>&latex;2e</title> <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version as of May 2012. It is +document preparation system, version as of May 2013. It is intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of &latex; for many years. </para> @@ -135,17 +136,17 @@ infrastructure. <para>Of course, there are many, many other sources of information about &latex;. Here are a few: </para> -<variablelist><varlistentry><term> +<variablelist><varlistentry><term><ulink url="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr</ulink> </term><listitem><para>Two pages of recommended references to &latex; documentation. </para> -</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><ulink url="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc</ulink> </term><listitem><para>Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math. </para> -</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><ulink url="http://www.ctan.org/pkg/usrguide">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/usrguide</ulink> </term><listitem><para>The guide for document authors maintained as part of &latex;; there are several others. </para> -</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><ulink url="http://tug.org/begin.html">http://tug.org/begin.html</ulink> </term><listitem><para>Introduction to the &tex; system, including &latex;. </para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist> @@ -458,40 +459,50 @@ instance, <literal>\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}</literal>. </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\textbf</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\bfseries</primary></indexterm> <para>Boldface. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textup (\upshape)</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textup (\upshape)</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\textup</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\upshape</primary></indexterm> <para>Upright (default). The opposite of slanted. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textsl (\slshape)</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textsl (\slshape)</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\textsl</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\slshape</primary></indexterm> <para>Slanted. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textsf (\sffamily)</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textsf (\sffamily)</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\textsf</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\sffamily</primary></indexterm> <para>Sans serif. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textsc (\scshape)</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textsc (\scshape)</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\textsc</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\scshape</primary></indexterm> <para>Small caps. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\texttt (\ttfamily)</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\texttt (\ttfamily)</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\texttt</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ttfamily</primary></indexterm> <para>Typewriter. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textnormal (\normalfont)</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\textnormal (\normalfont)</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\textnormal</primary></indexterm> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\normalfont</primary></indexterm> <para>Main document font. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathrm</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathrm</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\mathrm</primary></indexterm> <para>Roman, for use in math mode. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathbf</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathbf</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\mathbf</primary></indexterm> <para>Boldface, for use in math mode. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathsf</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathsf</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\mathsf</primary></indexterm> <para>Sans serif, for use in math mode. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathtt</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathtt</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\mathtt</primary></indexterm> <para>Typewriter, for use in math mode. </para> @@ -502,16 +513,32 @@ instance, <literal>\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}</literal>. </listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathnormal</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\mathnormal</primary></indexterm> <para>For use in math mode, e.g. inside another type style declaration. -</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathcal</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><literal>\mathcal</literal> </term><listitem><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\mathcal</primary></indexterm> <para>‘Calligraphic’ letters, for use in math mode. -</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist> -<para>In addition, the command -<literal>\mathversion{bold}</literal> +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry></variablelist> <indexterm role="fn"><primary>\mathversion</primary></indexterm> -can be used for switching to bold letters and symbols in +<para>In addition, the command <literal>\mathversion{bold}</literal> can be used for +switching to bold letters and symbols in formulas. <literal>\mathversion{normal}</literal> restores the default. </para> +<indexterm role="fn"><primary>\oldstylenums</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm role="cp"><primary>numerals, old-style</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm role="cp"><primary>old-style numerals</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm role="cp"><primary>lining numerals</primary></indexterm> +<indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>textcomp</literal> package</primary></indexterm> +<para>Finally, the command <literal>\oldstylenums{<replaceable>numerals</replaceable>}</literal> will +typeset so-called “old-style” numerals, which have differing heights +and depths (and sometimes widths) from the standard “lining” +numerals. &latex;’s default fonts support this, and will respect +<literal>\textbf</literal> (but not other styles; there are no italic old-style +numerals in Computer Modern). Many other fonts have old-style +numerals also; sometimes the <literal>textcomp</literal> package must be loaded, +and sometimes package options are provided to make them the default. +FAQ entry: <ulink url="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf</ulink>. +</para> <para>&latex; also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to the given style, that is, are <emphasis>not</emphasis> cumulative. They are used differently than the above commands, too: <literal>{\<replaceable>cmd</replaceable> ...}</literal> @@ -1793,9 +1820,11 @@ point and a minus sign—a number like <literal>5</literal>, <literal>0.3</l <literal>-3.1416</literal>. A coordinate specifies a length in multiples of the unit length <literal>\unitlength</literal>, so if <literal>\unitlength</literal> has been set to <literal>1cm</literal>, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a length of 2.54 -centimeters. You should only change the value of <literal>\unitlength</literal>, -using the <literal>\setlength</literal> command, outside of a <literal>picture</literal> -environment. +centimeters. +</para> +<para>You should only change the value of <literal>\unitlength</literal>, using the +<literal>\setlength</literal> command, outside of a <literal>picture</literal> environment. +The default value is <literal>1pt</literal>. </para> <para>A position is a pair of coordinates, such as <literal>(2.4,-5)</literal>, specifying the point with x-coordinate <literal>2.4</literal> and y-coordinate <literal>-5</literal>. @@ -3070,13 +3099,15 @@ footnotes. This is ‘<literal>6.65pt</literal>’ for ‘<literal> <para><literal>\newcommand</literal> and <literal>\renewcommand</literal> define and redefine a command, respectively. Synopses: </para> -<screen> \newcommand{<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>]{<replaceable>defn</replaceable>} -\renewcommand{<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>]{<replaceable>defn</replaceable>} - \newcommand{<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>][<replaceable>default</replaceable>]{<replaceable>defn</replaceable>} -\renewcommand{<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>][<replaceable>default</replaceable>]{<replaceable>defn</replaceable>} +<screen> \newcommand[*]{<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>][<replaceable>optarg</replaceable>]{<replaceable>defn</replaceable>} +\renewcommand[*]{<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>][<replaceable>optarg</replaceable>]{<replaceable>defn</replaceable>} </screen> - -<variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>cmd</replaceable> +<variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable><literal>*</literal></replaceable> +</term><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>*-form of defining new commands</primary></indexterm> +<para>The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments not contain +multiple paragraphs of text (not <literal>\long</literal>, in plain &tex; terms). +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><replaceable>cmd</replaceable> </term><listitem><para>The command name beginning with <literal>\</literal>. For <literal>\newcommand</literal>, it must not be already defined and must not begin with <literal>\end</literal>; for <literal>\renewcommand</literal>, it must already be defined. @@ -3086,11 +3117,12 @@ must not be already defined and must not begin with <literal>\end</literal>; for that the command will take. The default is for the command to have no arguments. </para> -</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><replaceable>default</replaceable> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><replaceable>optarg</replaceable> </term><listitem><para>If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command’s -first argument is optional. When the new command is called, the -default value of the optional argument (i.e., if it is not specified -in the call) is the string ‘<literal>def</literal>’. +first argument is optional. The default value of the optional +argument (i.e., if it is not specified in the call) is <replaceable>optarg</replaceable>, +or, if that argument is present in the <literal>\newcommand</literal> but has an +empty value, the string ‘<literal>def</literal>’. </para> </listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><replaceable>defn</replaceable> </term><listitem><para>The text to be substituted for every occurrence of <literal>cmd</literal>; a @@ -3162,14 +3194,18 @@ defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes. <para>Synopses: </para> -<screen> \newenvironment{<replaceable>env</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>]{<replaceable>begdef</replaceable>}{<replaceable>enddef</replaceable>} - \newenvironment{<replaceable>env</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>][<replaceable>default</replaceable>]{<replaceable>begdef</replaceable>}{<replaceable>enddef</replaceable>} -\renewenvironment{<replaceable>env</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>]{<replaceable>begdef</replaceable>}{<replaceable>enddef</replaceable>} +<screen> \newenvironment[*]{<replaceable>env</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>][<replaceable>default</replaceable>]{<replaceable>begdef</replaceable>}{<replaceable>enddef</replaceable>} +\renewenvironment[*]{<replaceable>env</replaceable>}[<replaceable>nargs</replaceable>]{<replaceable>begdef</replaceable>}{<replaceable>enddef</replaceable>} </screen> <para>These commands define or redefine an environment <replaceable>env</replaceable>, that is, <literal>\begin{<replaceable>env</replaceable>} … \end{<replaceable>env</replaceable>}</literal>. </para> -<variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable>env</replaceable> +<variablelist><varlistentry><term><replaceable><literal>*</literal></replaceable> +</term><listitem><indexterm role="cp"><primary>*-form of environment commands</primary></indexterm> +<para>The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments (not the +contents of the environment) not contain multiple paragraphs of text. +</para> +</listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term><replaceable>env</replaceable> </term><listitem><para>The name of the environment. For <literal>\newenvironment</literal>, <replaceable>env</replaceable> must not be an existing environment, and the command <literal>\<replaceable>env</replaceable></literal> must be undefined. For <literal>\renewenvironment</literal>, <replaceable>env</replaceable> must be @@ -4879,6 +4915,7 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without </para> <!-- Texinfo does it differently, but the result is the same. --> <blockquote><para>… in C. Pascal, though … + … in C. Pascal, though … </para></blockquote> @@ -6420,8 +6457,10 @@ The end. \end{frame} \end{document} - </screen> +<para>One web resource for this: +<ulink url="http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/">http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/</ulink>. +</para> </sect1> <sect1 label="A.3" id="tugboat-template"> diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html index 399a533ae25..fa6f6fbbdd7 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <!-- This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a -document preparation system, version of May 2012. +document preparation system, version of May 2013. This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users Group as TeXniques number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). -Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Karl Berry. +Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Karl Berry. Copyright (C) 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. @@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. --> -<!-- Created by Texinfo 4.13.90+dev, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> +<!-- Created by Texinfo 5.1+dev, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> <head> -<title>LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2012)</title> +<title>LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2013)</title> -<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2012)"> -<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2012)"> +<meta name="description" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2013)"> +<meta name="keywords" content="LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2013)"> <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> <meta name="distribution" content="global"> <meta name="Generator" content="texi2any"> @@ -53,20 +53,23 @@ a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em} div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller} div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} -pre.display {font-family: serif} -pre.format {font-family: serif} +kbd {font-style:oblique} +pre.display {font-family: inherit} +pre.format {font-family: inherit} pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} -pre.smalldisplay {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller} +pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} -pre.smallformat {font-family: serif; font-size: smaller} +pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} -span.nocodebreak {white-space:pre} -span.nolinebreak {white-space:pre} +span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap} span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal} span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal} ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} @@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} </head> <body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> -<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2012)</h1> +<h1 class="settitle" align="center">LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2013)</h1> @@ -404,7 +407,7 @@ Next: <a href="#About-this-document" accesskey="n" rel="next">About this documen <h1 class="top">LaTeX2e</h1> <p>This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a -document preparation system, version as of May 2012. It is +document preparation system, version as of May 2013. It is intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years. </p> @@ -555,10 +558,10 @@ least three files as output: <dt><code>.dvi</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_002edvi-file"></a> <a name="index-latex-command"></a> -<p>If invoked as <code>latex</code>, a “Device Independent” (‘<tt>.dvi</tt>’) +<p>If invoked as <code>latex</code>, a “Device Independent” (<samp>.dvi</samp>) file is produced. This contains commands that can be translated into commands for virtually any output device. You can view such -‘<tt>.dvi</tt>’ output of LaTeX by using a program such as +<samp>.dvi</samp> output of LaTeX by using a program such as <code>xdvi</code> (display directly), <code>dvips</code> (convert to PostScript), or <code>dvipdfmx</code> (convert to PDF). </p> @@ -568,19 +571,19 @@ PostScript), or <code>dvipdfmx</code> (convert to PDF). <a name="index-pdfTeX"></a> <a name="index-pdflatex-command"></a> <p>If invoked as <code>pdflatex</code>, a “Portable Document Format” -(‘<tt>.pdf</tt>’) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with +(<samp>.pdf</samp>) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does -make the output much larger than the ‘<tt>.dvi</tt>’ produced from the +make the output much larger than the <samp>.dvi</samp> produced from the same document. </p> <a name="index-lualatex-command"></a> <a name="index-LuaTeX"></a> -<p>If invoked as <code>lualatex</code>, a ‘<tt>.pdf</tt>’ file is created using +<p>If invoked as <code>lualatex</code>, a <samp>.pdf</samp> file is created using the LuaTeX engine (<a href="http://luatex.org">http://luatex.org</a>). </p> <a name="index-xelatex-command"></a> <a name="index-XeTeX"></a> -<p>If invoked as <code>xelatex</code>, a ‘<tt>.pdf</tt>’ file is created using +<p>If invoked as <code>xelatex</code>, a <samp>.pdf</samp> file is created using the XeTeX engine (<a href="http://tug.org/xetex">http://tug.org/xetex</a>). </p> </dd> @@ -592,13 +595,13 @@ can produce HTML, XML, and other things. </li><li> <a name="index-transcript-file"></a> <a name="index-log-file"></a> <a name="index-_002elog-file"></a> -The “transcript” or ‘<tt>.log</tt>’ file that contains summary +The “transcript” or <samp>.log</samp> file that contains summary information and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input file. </li><li> <a name="index-auxiliary-file"></a> <a name="index-_002eaux-file"></a> -An “auxiliary” or ‘<tt>.aux</tt>’ file. This is used by LaTeX itself, +An “auxiliary” or <samp>.aux</samp> file. This is used by LaTeX itself, for things such as cross-references. </li></ol> @@ -916,49 +919,59 @@ instance, <code>\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}</code>. <dd><a name="index-_005ctextbf"></a> <a name="index-_005cbfseries"></a> <p>Boldface. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\textup (\upshape)</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005ctextup"></a> <a name="index-_005cupshape"></a> <p>Upright (default). The opposite of slanted. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\textsl (\slshape)</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005ctextsl"></a> <a name="index-_005cslshape"></a> <p>Slanted. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\textsf (\sffamily)</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005ctextsf"></a> <a name="index-_005csffamily"></a> <p>Sans serif. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\textsc (\scshape)</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005ctextsc"></a> <a name="index-_005cscshape"></a> <p>Small caps. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\texttt (\ttfamily)</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005ctexttt"></a> <a name="index-_005cttfamily"></a> <p>Typewriter. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\textnormal (\normalfont)</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005ctextnormal"></a> <a name="index-_005cnormalfont"></a> <p>Main document font. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\mathrm</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005cmathrm"></a> <p>Roman, for use in math mode. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\mathbf</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005cmathbf"></a> <p>Boldface, for use in math mode. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\mathsf</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005cmathsf"></a> <p>Sans serif, for use in math mode. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\mathtt</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005cmathtt"></a> <p>Typewriter, for use in math mode. @@ -972,19 +985,35 @@ instance, <code>\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}</code>. <dt><code>\mathnormal</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005cmathnormal"></a> <p>For use in math mode, e.g. inside another type style declaration. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> <dt><code>\mathcal</code></dt> <dd><a name="index-_005cmathcal"></a> <p>‘Calligraphic’ letters, for use in math mode. -</p></dd> +</p> +</dd> </dl> -<p>In addition, the command -<code>\mathversion{bold}</code> <a name="index-_005cmathversion"></a> -can be used for switching to bold letters and symbols in +<p>In addition, the command <code>\mathversion{bold}</code> can be used for +switching to bold letters and symbols in formulas. <code>\mathversion{normal}</code> restores the default. </p> +<a name="index-_005coldstylenums"></a> +<a name="index-numerals_002c-old_002dstyle"></a> +<a name="index-old_002dstyle-numerals"></a> +<a name="index-lining-numerals"></a> +<a name="index-textcomp-package"></a> +<p>Finally, the command <code>\oldstylenums{<var>numerals</var>}</code> will +typeset so-called “old-style” numerals, which have differing heights +and depths (and sometimes widths) from the standard “lining” +numerals. LaTeX’s default fonts support this, and will respect +<code>\textbf</code> (but not other styles; there are no italic old-style +numerals in Computer Modern). Many other fonts have old-style +numerals also; sometimes the <code>textcomp</code> package must be loaded, +and sometimes package options are provided to make them the default. +FAQ entry: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf</a>. +</p> <p>LaTeX also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to the given style, that is, are <em>not</em> cumulative. They are used differently than the above commands, too: <code>{\<var>cmd</var> ...}</code> @@ -1077,8 +1106,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Low_002dlevel-font-commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">Low-level <p>The following standard type size commands are supported by LaTeX. The table shows the command name and the corresponding actual font size used (in points) with the ‘<samp>10pt</samp>’, ‘<samp>11pt</samp>’, and -‘<samp>12pt</samp>’ document size options, respectively (see <a href="#Document-class-options">Document class -options</a>). +‘<samp>12pt</samp>’ document size options, respectively (see <a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a>). </p> <a name="index-_005ctiny"></a> <a name="index-_005cscriptsize"></a> @@ -2092,8 +2120,7 @@ that item. <a name="index-_005clabelenumiv"></a> <p>The <code>enumerate</code> environment uses the commands <code>\labelenumi</code> through <code>\labelenumiv</code> to produce the default label. So, you can -use <code>\renewcommand</code> to change the labels (see <a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & -\renewcommand</a>). For instance, to have the first level use uppercase +use <code>\renewcommand</code> to change the labels (see <a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & \renewcommand</a>). For instance, to have the first level use uppercase letters: </p> <a name="index-_005cAlph-example"></a> @@ -2787,9 +2814,11 @@ point and a minus sign—a number like <code>5</code>, <code>0.3</code> or <code>-3.1416</code>. A coordinate specifies a length in multiples of the unit length <code>\unitlength</code>, so if <code>\unitlength</code> has been set to <code>1cm</code>, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a length of 2.54 -centimeters. You should only change the value of <code>\unitlength</code>, -using the <code>\setlength</code> command, outside of a <code>picture</code> -environment. +centimeters. +</p> +<p>You should only change the value of <code>\unitlength</code>, using the +<code>\setlength</code> command, outside of a <code>picture</code> environment. +The default value is <code>1pt</code>. </p> <p>A position is a pair of coordinates, such as <code>(2.4,-5)</code>, specifying the point with x-coordinate <code>2.4</code> and y-coordinate <code>-5</code>. @@ -3812,8 +3841,8 @@ automatically generated using the <code>enumi</code> counter. The <var>cite_key</var> is any sequence of letters, numbers, and punctuation symbols not containing a comma. </p> -<p>This command writes an entry to the ‘<tt>.aux</tt>’ file containing the -item’s <var>cite_key</var> and label. When the ‘<tt>.aux</tt>’ file is read by +<p>This command writes an entry to the <samp>.aux</samp> file containing the +item’s <var>cite_key</var> and label. When the <samp>.aux</samp> file is read by the <code>\begin{document}</code> command, the item’s <code>label</code> is associated with <code>cite_key</code>, causing references to <var>cite_key</var> with a <code>\cite</code> command (see next section) to produce the @@ -3840,7 +3869,7 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnocite" accesskey="n" rel="next">\nocite</a>, Previous: <p>The <var>keys</var> argument is a list of one or more citation keys, separated by commas. This command generates an in-text citation to the references associated with <var>keys</var> by entries in the -‘<tt>.aux</tt>’ file. +<samp>.aux</samp> file. </p> <p>The text of the optional <var>subcite</var> argument appears after the citation. For example, <code>\cite[p.~314]{knuth}</code> might produce @@ -3860,7 +3889,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Using-BibTeX" accesskey="n" rel="next">Using BibTeX</a>, Previou <p><code>\nocite{key_list}</code> </p> <p>The <code>\nocite</code> command produces no text, but writes <code>key_list</code>, -which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the ‘<tt>.aux</tt>’ file. +which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the <samp>.aux</samp> file. </p> <hr> @@ -3892,7 +3921,7 @@ you include the lines <p>The <code>\bibliographystyle</code> command does not produce any output of its own. Rather, it defines the style in which the bibliography will be produced: <var>bibstyle</var> refers to a file -<var>bibstyle</var>‘<tt>.bst</tt>’, which defines how your citations will look. +<var>bibstyle</var><samp>.bst</samp>, which defines how your citations will look. The standard <var>style</var> names distributed with BibTeX are: </p> <dl compact="compact"> @@ -3917,7 +3946,7 @@ the demands of various publications. See </p> <p>The <code>\bibliography</code> command is what actually produces the bibliography. The argument to <code>\bibliography</code> refers to files -named ‘<tt><var>bibfile</var>.bib</tt>’, which should contain your database in +named <samp><var>bibfile</var>.bib</samp>, which should contain your database in BibTeX format. Only the entries referred to via <code>\cite</code> and <code>\nocite</code> will be listed in the bibliography. </p> @@ -4638,14 +4667,17 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewcounter" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newcounter</a>, Up command, respectively. Synopses: </p> <div class="example"> -<pre class="example"> \newcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>defn</var>} -\renewcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>defn</var>} - \newcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>defn</var>} -\renewcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>defn</var>} +<pre class="example"> \newcommand[*]{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optarg</var>]{<var>defn</var>} +\renewcommand[*]{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optarg</var>]{<var>defn</var>} </pre></div> - <dl compact="compact"> +<dt><var><code>*</code></var></dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002a_002dform-of-defining-new-commands"></a> +<p>The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments not contain +multiple paragraphs of text (not <code>\long</code>, in plain TeX terms). +</p> +</dd> <dt><var>cmd</var></dt> <dd><p>The command name beginning with <code>\</code>. For <code>\newcommand</code>, it must not be already defined and must not begin with <code>\end</code>; for @@ -4658,11 +4690,12 @@ that the command will take. The default is for the command to have no arguments. </p> </dd> -<dt><var>default</var></dt> +<dt><var>optarg</var></dt> <dd><p>If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command’s -first argument is optional. When the new command is called, the -default value of the optional argument (i.e., if it is not specified -in the call) is the string ‘<samp>def</samp>’. +first argument is optional. The default value of the optional +argument (i.e., if it is not specified in the call) is <var>optarg</var>, +or, if that argument is present in the <code>\newcommand</code> but has an +empty value, the string ‘<samp>def</samp>’. </p> </dd> <dt><var>defn</var></dt> @@ -4763,15 +4796,20 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem" accesskey="n" rel="next">\newtheorem</a>, Pr <p>Synopses: </p> <div class="example"> -<pre class="example"> \newenvironment{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>} - \newenvironment{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>} -\renewenvironment{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>} +<pre class="example"> \newenvironment[*]{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>} +\renewenvironment[*]{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>} </pre></div> <p>These commands define or redefine an environment <var>env</var>, that is, <code>\begin{<var>env</var>} … \end{<var>env</var>}</code>. </p> <dl compact="compact"> +<dt><var><code>*</code></var></dt> +<dd><a name="index-_002a_002dform-of-environment-commands"></a> +<p>The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments (not the +contents of the environment) not contain multiple paragraphs of text. +</p> +</dd> <dt><var>env</var></dt> <dd><p>The name of the environment. For <code>\newenvironment</code>, <var>env</var> must not be an existing environment, and the command <code>\<var>env</var></code> @@ -4870,10 +4908,10 @@ Next: <a href="#g_t_005cprotect" accesskey="n" rel="next">\protect</a>, Previous <p>Defines a control sequence <code>\<var>cmd</var></code>, which must not already be defined, to make <var>fontname</var> be the current font. The file -looked for on the system is named ‘<tt><var>fontname</var>.tfm</tt>’. +looked for on the system is named <samp><var>fontname</var>.tfm</samp>. </p> <p>This is a low-level command for setting up to use an individual font. -More commonly, fonts are defined in families through ‘<tt>.fd</tt>’ files. +More commonly, fonts are defined in families through <samp>.fd</samp> files. </p> <hr> @@ -7684,7 +7722,7 @@ useful after punctuation which shouldn’t end a sentence. For example It is also often used after control sequences, as in <code>\TeX\ is a nice system.</code> </p> -<p>In normal circumstances, <code>\</code><tab> and <code>\</code><newline> +<p>In normal circumstances, <code>\</code><tt class="key">tab</tt> and <code>\</code><tt class="key">newline</tt> are equivalent to <code>\ </code>. </p> @@ -7711,7 +7749,7 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without <p>produces </p> <blockquote> -<p>… in C. Pascal, though … +<p>… in C. Pascal, though …<br> … in C. Pascal, though … </p></blockquote> @@ -8282,7 +8320,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Accents" accesskey="n" rel="next">Accents</a>, Previous: <a href <h3 class="section">22.2 Text symbols</h3> <a name="index-text-symbols"></a> -<a name="index-textcomp-package"></a> +<a name="index-textcomp-package-1"></a> <p>LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in running text. Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are not available in OT1; you may need to load the <code>textcomp</code> package. @@ -9224,7 +9262,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Glossaries" accesskey="n" rel="next">Glossaries</a>, Up: <a href <p>A table of contents is produced with the <code>\tableofcontents</code> command. You put the command right where you want the table of contents to go; LaTeX does the rest for you. A previous run must -have generated a ‘<tt>.toc</tt>’ file. +have generated a <samp>.toc</samp> file. </p> <p>The <code>\tableofcontents</code> command produces a heading, but it does not automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the @@ -9294,7 +9332,7 @@ following, matching the value of the <var>ext</var> argument: </dl> <a name="index-_005ccontentsline"></a> -<p>What is written to the ‘<tt>.<var>ext</var></tt>’ file is the +<p>What is written to the <samp>.<var>ext</var></samp> file is the command <code>\contentsline{<var>unit</var>}{<var>name</var>}</code>. </p> @@ -9310,14 +9348,14 @@ Previous: <a href="#g_t_005caddcontentsline" accesskey="p" rel="previous">\addco <a name="index-_005caddtocontents_007bext_007d_007btext_007d"></a> <p>The <code>\addtocontents</code>{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>} command adds text -(or formatting commands) directly to the ‘<tt>.<var>ext</var></tt>’ file that +(or formatting commands) directly to the <samp>.<var>ext</var></samp> file that generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables. </p> <dl compact="compact"> <dt><var>ext</var></dt> <dd><p>The extension of the file on which information is to be written: -‘<tt>toc</tt>’ (table of contents), ‘<tt>lof</tt>’ (list of figures), or -‘<tt>lot</tt>’ (list of tables). +<samp>toc</samp> (table of contents), <samp>lof</samp> (list of figures), or +<samp>lot</samp> (list of tables). </p> </dd> <dt><var>text</var></dt> @@ -9342,7 +9380,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Indexes" accesskey="n" rel="next">Indexes</a>, Previous: <a href <a name="index-_005cglossary"></a> <a name="index-_002eglo-file"></a> <p>The command <code>\glossary{<var>text</var>}</code> writes a glossary entry for -<var>text</var> to an auxiliary file with the ‘<tt>.glo</tt>’ extension. +<var>text</var> to an auxiliary file with the <samp>.glo</samp> extension. </p> <a name="index-_005cglossaryentry"></a> <p>Specifically, what gets written is the command @@ -9370,7 +9408,7 @@ the preamble. <a name="index-_005cindex"></a> <a name="index-_002eidx-file"></a> <p>The command <code>\index{<var>text</var>}</code> writes an index entry for -<var>text</var> to an auxiliary file with the ‘<tt>.idx</tt>’ extension. +<var>text</var> to an auxiliary file with the <samp>.idx</samp> extension. </p> <a name="index-_005cindexentry"></a> <p>Specifically, what gets written is the command @@ -9391,11 +9429,11 @@ languages. <a name="index-makeindex-program"></a> <a name="index-xindy-program"></a> <a name="index-_002eind-file"></a> -<p>The generated ‘<tt>.idx</tt>’ file is then sorted with an external +<p>The generated <samp>.idx</samp> file is then sorted with an external command, usually either <code>makeindex</code> (<a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex">http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex</a>) or (the multi-lingual) <code>xindy</code> (<a href="http://xindy.sourceforge.net">http://xindy.sourceforge.net</a>). -This results in a ‘<tt>.ind</tt>’ file, which can then be read to typeset +This results in a <samp>.ind</samp> file, which can then be read to typeset the index. </p> <a name="index-printindex"></a> @@ -9435,7 +9473,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput" accesskey="n" rel="next">Terminal inp <code>letter</code> document class is designed to make a number of letters at once, although you can make just one if you so desire. </p> -<p>Your ‘<tt>.tex</tt>’ source file has the same minimum commands as the other +<p>Your <samp>.tex</samp> source file has the same minimum commands as the other document classes, i.e., you must have the following commands as a minimum: </p> @@ -9824,7 +9862,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Document-templates" accesskey="n" rel="next">Document templates< <a name="index-command-line"></a> <p>The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; -TeX uses ‘<tt>.tex</tt>’ as a default file extension. If you omit the +TeX uses <samp>.tex</samp> as a default file extension. If you omit the input file entirely, TeX accepts input from the terminal. You specify command options by supplying a string as a parameter to the command; e.g. @@ -9833,7 +9871,7 @@ command; e.g. <pre class="example">latex '\nonstopmode\input foo.tex' </pre></div> -<p>will process ‘<tt>foo.tex</tt>’ without pausing after every error. +<p>will process <samp>foo.tex</samp> without pausing after every error. </p> <a name="index-_002a-prompt"></a> <a name="index-prompt_002c-_002a"></a> @@ -9927,8 +9965,10 @@ Next: <a href="#tugboat-template" accesskey="n" rel="next">tugboat template</a>, \end{frame} \end{document} - </pre> +<p>One web resource for this: +<a href="http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/">http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/</a>. +</p> <hr> <a name="tugboat-template"></a> @@ -10086,12 +10126,14 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-1">*</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002a-prompt">‘<samp>*</samp>’ prompt</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Command-line">Command line</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-defining-new-commands">*-form of defining new commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand">\newcommand & \renewcommand</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-environment-commands">*-form of environment commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002a_002dform-of-sectioning-commands">*-form of sectioning commands</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Sectioning">Sectioning</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-2">.</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> -<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eglo-file">‘<tt>.glo</tt>’ file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr> -<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eidx-file">‘<tt>.idx</tt>’ file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr> -<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eind-file">‘<tt>.ind</tt>’ file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eglo-file"><samp>.glo</samp> file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Glossaries">Glossaries</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eidx-file"><samp>.idx</samp> file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_002eind-file"><samp>.ind</samp> file</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_symbol-3">`</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_0060see_0027-and-_0060see-also_0027-index-entries">‘see’ and ‘see also’ index entries</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Indexes">Indexes</a></td></tr> @@ -10358,6 +10400,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-forcing">line breaks, forcing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-line-breaks_002c-preventing">line breaks, preventing</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lines-in-tables">lines in tables</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lining-numerals">lining numerals</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lining-text-up-in-tables">lining text up in tables</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-lining-text-up-using-tab-stops">lining text up using tab stops</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-list-items_002c-specifying-counter">list items, specifying counter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr> @@ -10410,11 +10453,13 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-notes-in-the-margin">notes in the margin</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Marginal-notes">Marginal notes</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-null-delimiter">null delimiter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-miscellany">Math miscellany</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numbered-items_002c-specifying-counter">numbered items, specifying counter</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cusecounter">\usecounter</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-numerals_002c-old_002dstyle">numerals, old-style</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> <hr></td></tr> <tr><th><a name="Concept-Index_cp_letter-O">O</a></th><td></td><td></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-oblique-font">oblique font</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-oe-ligature">oe ligature</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-ogonek">ogonek</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Accents">Accents</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-old_002dstyle-numerals">old-style numerals</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-one_002dcolumn-output">one-column output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005conecolumn">\onecolumn</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-opening-quote">opening quote</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-options_002c-document-class">options, document class</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Document-class-options">Document class options</a></td></tr> @@ -10536,6 +10581,7 @@ Next: <a href="#Command-Index" accesskey="n" rel="next">Command Index</a>, Previ <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-terminal-input_002foutput">terminal input/output</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Terminal-input_002foutput">Terminal input/output</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-TeX-logo">TeX logo</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-text-symbols">text symbols</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-textcomp-package"><code>textcomp</code> package</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-thanks_002c-for-titlepage">thanks, for titlepage</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cmaketitle">\maketitle</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorems_002c-defining">theorems, defining</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#g_t_005cnewtheorem">\newtheorem</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorems_002c-typesetting">theorems, typesetting</a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr> @@ -11178,6 +11224,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coe-_0028oe_0029"><code>\oe (œ)</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cOE-_0028OE_0029"><code>\OE (Œ)</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Non_002dEnglish-characters">Non-English characters</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coint"><code>\oint</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005coldstylenums"><code>\oldstylenums</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Font-styles">Font styles</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cOmega"><code>\Omega</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005comega"><code>\omega</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-_005cominus"><code>\ominus</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Math-symbols">Math symbols</a></td></tr> @@ -11599,7 +11646,7 @@ Previous: <a href="#Concept-Index" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Concept Index</a <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tabbing-environment"><code>tabbing <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabbing">tabbing</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-table"><code>table</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#table">table</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-tabular-environment"><code>tabular <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#tabular">tabular</a></td></tr> -<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-textcomp-package"><code>textcomp <span class="roman">package</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> +<tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-textcomp-package-1"><code>textcomp <span class="roman">package</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#Text-symbols">Text symbols</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-thebibliography"><code>thebibliography</code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#thebibliography">thebibliography</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-theorem-environment"><code>theorem <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#theorem">theorem</a></td></tr> <tr><td></td><td valign="top"><a href="#index-titlepage-environment"><code>titlepage <span class="roman">environment</span></code></a>:</td><td> </td><td valign="top"><a href="#titlepage">titlepage</a></td></tr> diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf Binary files differindex ca7c6eca809..c2cbc892a4b 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi index f962885638c..8bfe58fe889 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi @@ -1,16 +1,17 @@ \input texinfo -@c $Id: latex2e.texi 263 2012-04-25 16:43:05Z karl $ +@c $Id: latex2e.texi 270 2013-05-13 17:48:08Z karl $ @comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename latex2e.info -@set UPDATED May 2012 +@set UPDATED May 2013 @settitle @LaTeX{}2e reference manual (@value{UPDATED}) @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @c latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, @c xx but latex2e stuff is missing. @c -@c xx mention \oldstylenums (comes from where?) @c xx mention \topnumber, \bottomnumber, \totalnumber +@c xx mention \nocorr, \textit and ic +@c xx give actual smallskip/etc. defaults @c @c xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ (alt-latex-info) @c xx merge permuted-index @@ -18,9 +19,9 @@ @c xx The typeset source2e has an index with all kernel @c xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included. @c xx classes.dtx et al. define additional commands. +@c xx See also http://www.ctan.org/pkg/macros2e. @c -@c xx packages -- required, additional, useful; oberdiek ... -@c xx fonts -- latexsys +@c xx packages -- required, additional, useful; oberdiek; fonts @copying This document is an unofficial reference manual for @LaTeX{}, a @@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ and C.@tie{}Biemesderfer (published by the @TeX{} Users Group as @cite{@TeX{}niques} number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). -Copyright @copyright{} 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Karl Berry.@* +Copyright @copyright{} 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Karl Berry.@* Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.@* Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. @@ -511,39 +512,49 @@ Medium weight (default). @findex \textbf @findex \bfseries Boldface. + @item \textup (\upshape) @findex \textup @findex \upshape Upright (default). The opposite of slanted. + @item \textsl (\slshape) @findex \textsl @findex \slshape Slanted. + @item \textsf (\sffamily) @findex \textsf @findex \sffamily Sans serif. + @item \textsc (\scshape) @findex \textsc @findex \scshape Small caps. + @item \texttt (\ttfamily) @findex \texttt @findex \ttfamily Typewriter. + @item \textnormal (\normalfont) @findex \textnormal @findex \normalfont Main document font. + @item \mathrm @findex \mathrm Roman, for use in math mode. + @item \mathbf @findex \mathbf Boldface, for use in math mode. + @item \mathsf @findex \mathsf Sans serif, for use in math mode. + @item \mathtt @findex \mathtt Typewriter, for use in math mode. @@ -555,17 +566,33 @@ Italics, for use in math mode. @item \mathnormal @findex \mathnormal For use in math mode, e.g. inside another type style declaration. + @item \mathcal @findex \mathcal `Calligraphic' letters, for use in math mode. + @end table -In addition, the command -@code{\mathversion@{bold@}} @findex \mathversion -can be used for switching to bold letters and symbols in +In addition, the command @code{\mathversion@{bold@}} can be used for +switching to bold letters and symbols in formulas. @code{\mathversion@{normal@}} restores the default. +@findex \oldstylenums +@cindex numerals, old-style +@cindex old-style numerals +@cindex lining numerals +@cindex @code{textcomp} package +Finally, the command @code{\oldstylenums@{@var{numerals}@}} will +typeset so-called ``old-style'' numerals, which have differing heights +and depths (and sometimes widths) from the standard ``lining'' +numerals. @LaTeX{}'s default fonts support this, and will respect +@code{\textbf} (but not other styles; there are no italic old-style +numerals in Computer Modern). Many other fonts have old-style +numerals also; sometimes the @code{textcomp} package must be loaded, +and sometimes package options are provided to make them the default. +FAQ entry: @url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf}. + @LaTeX{} also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to the given style, that is, are @emph{not} cumulative. They are used differently than the above commands, too: @code{@{\@var{cmd} ...@}} @@ -1977,9 +2004,11 @@ point and a minus sign---a number like @code{5}, @code{0.3} or @code{-3.1416}. A coordinate specifies a length in multiples of the unit length @code{\unitlength}, so if @code{\unitlength} has been set to @code{1cm}, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a length of 2.54 -centimeters. You should only change the value of @code{\unitlength}, -using the @code{\setlength} command, outside of a @code{picture} -environment. +centimeters. + +You should only change the value of @code{\unitlength}, using the +@code{\setlength} command, outside of a @code{picture} environment. +The default value is @code{1pt}. A position is a pair of coordinates, such as @code{(2.4,-5)}, specifying the point with x-coordinate @code{2.4} and y-coordinate @code{-5}. @@ -3372,14 +3401,16 @@ footnotes. This is @samp{6.65pt} for @samp{10pt}, @samp{7.7pt} for command, respectively. Synopses: @example - \newcommand@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}]@{@var{defn}@} -\renewcommand@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}]@{@var{defn}@} - \newcommand@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}][@var{default}]@{@var{defn}@} -\renewcommand@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}][@var{default}]@{@var{defn}@} + \newcommand[*]@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}][@var{optarg}]@{@var{defn}@} +\renewcommand[*]@{@var{cmd}@}[@var{nargs}][@var{optarg}]@{@var{defn}@} @end example - @table @var +@item @code{*} +@cindex *-form of defining new commands +The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments not contain +multiple paragraphs of text (not @code{\long}, in plain @TeX{} terms). + @item cmd The command name beginning with @code{\}. For @code{\newcommand}, it must not be already defined and must not begin with @code{\end}; for @@ -3390,11 +3421,12 @@ An optional integer from 1 to 9 specifying the number of arguments that the command will take. The default is for the command to have no arguments. -@item default +@item optarg If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command's -first argument is optional. When the new command is called, the -default value of the optional argument (i.e., if it is not specified -in the call) is the string @samp{def}. +first argument is optional. The default value of the optional +argument (i.e., if it is not specified in the call) is @var{optarg}, +or, if that argument is present in the @code{\newcommand} but has an +empty value, the string @samp{def}. @item defn The text to be substituted for every occurrence of @code{cmd}; a @@ -3470,15 +3502,19 @@ defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes. Synopses: @example - \newenvironment@{@var{env}@}[@var{nargs}]@{@var{begdef}@}@{@var{enddef}@} - \newenvironment@{@var{env}@}[@var{nargs}][@var{default}]@{@var{begdef}@}@{@var{enddef}@} -\renewenvironment@{@var{env}@}[@var{nargs}]@{@var{begdef}@}@{@var{enddef}@} + \newenvironment[*]@{@var{env}@}[@var{nargs}][@var{default}]@{@var{begdef}@}@{@var{enddef}@} +\renewenvironment[*]@{@var{env}@}[@var{nargs}]@{@var{begdef}@}@{@var{enddef}@} @end example These commands define or redefine an environment @var{env}, that is, @code{\begin@{@var{env}@} @dots{} \end@{@var{env}@}}. @table @var +@item @code{*} +@cindex *-form of environment commands +The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments (not the +contents of the environment) not contain multiple paragraphs of text. + @item env The name of the environment. For @code{\newenvironment}, @var{env} must not be an existing environment, and the command @code{\@var{env}} @@ -5309,7 +5345,7 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without @c Texinfo does it differently, but the result is the same. @quotation -@dots{} in C@. Pascal, though @dots{} +@dots{} in C@. Pascal, though @dots{}@* @dots{} in C. Pascal, though @dots{} @end quotation @@ -6937,9 +6973,11 @@ The @code{beamer} class creates slides presentations. \end{frame} \end{document} - @end verbatim +One web resource for this: +@url{http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/}. + @node tugboat template @section @code{tugboat} template diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt index bfb0410d602..3050b78b437 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ LaTeX2e ******* This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document -preparation system, version as of May 2012. It is intended to cover +preparation system, version as of May 2013. It is intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years. 1 About this document @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years. The LaTeX document preparation system is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program. LaTeX was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers -('http://latex-project.org'). The official documentation written by the +(<http://latex-project.org>). The official documentation written by the LaTeX project is available from their web site. The present document is completely unofficial and has not been @@ -254,20 +254,24 @@ reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. Do not send bug reports or anything else about this document to them. Instead, please send all comments to <latexrefman-discuss@gna.org>. - The home page for this document is 'http://home.gna.org/latexrefman'. + The home page for this document is <http://home.gna.org/latexrefman>. That page has links to the current output in various formats, sources, mailing lists, and other infrastructure. Of course, there are many, many other sources of information about LaTeX. Here are a few: +<http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr> Two pages of recommended references to LaTeX documentation. +<http://www.ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc> Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math. +<http://www.ctan.org/pkg/usrguide> The guide for document authors maintained as part of LaTeX; there are several others. +<http://tug.org/begin.html> Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX. 2 Overview of LaTeX @@ -300,10 +304,10 @@ output: from the same document. If invoked as 'lualatex', a '.pdf' file is created using the - LuaTeX engine ('http://luatex.org'). + LuaTeX engine (<http://luatex.org>). If invoked as 'xelatex', a '.pdf' file is created using the - XeTeX engine ('http://tug.org/xetex'). + XeTeX engine (<http://tug.org/xetex>). Many other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) exist, which can produce HTML, XML, and other things. @@ -474,24 +478,34 @@ for instance, '\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}'. '\textbf (\bfseries)' Boldface. + '\textup (\upshape)' Upright (default). The opposite of slanted. + '\textsl (\slshape)' Slanted. + '\textsf (\sffamily)' Sans serif. + '\textsc (\scshape)' Small caps. + '\texttt (\ttfamily)' Typewriter. + '\textnormal (\normalfont)' Main document font. + '\mathrm' Roman, for use in math mode. + '\mathbf' Boldface, for use in math mode. + '\mathsf' Sans serif, for use in math mode. + '\mathtt' Typewriter, for use in math mode. @@ -501,6 +515,7 @@ for instance, '\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}'. '\mathnormal' For use in math mode, e.g. inside another type style declaration. + '\mathcal' 'Calligraphic' letters, for use in math mode. @@ -508,6 +523,16 @@ for instance, '\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}'. switching to bold letters and symbols in formulas. '\mathversion{normal}' restores the default. + Finally, the command '\oldstylenums{NUMERALS}' will typeset so-called +"old-style" numerals, which have differing heights and depths (and +sometimes widths) from the standard "lining" numerals. LaTeX's default +fonts support this, and will respect '\textbf' (but not other styles; +there are no italic old-style numerals in Computer Modern). Many other +fonts have old-style numerals also; sometimes the 'textcomp' package +must be loaded, and sometimes package options are provided to make them +the default. FAQ entry: +<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf>. + LaTeX also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to the given style, that is, are _not_ cumulative. They are used differently than the above commands, too: '{\CMD ...}' instead of @@ -620,7 +645,7 @@ ones. default is 1. However, the best way to "double space" a document, if you should be unlucky enough to have to produce such, is to use the 'setspace' package; see - 'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=linespace'. + <http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=linespace>. '\linespread{FACTOR}' Equivalent to '\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{FACTOR}', and @@ -1083,7 +1108,7 @@ letters: First, a caveat: the 'eqnarray' environment has some infelicities which cannot be overcome; the article "Avoid eqnarray!" by Lars Madsen describes them in detail -('http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb33-1/tb103madsen.pdf'). The bottom line is +(<http://tug.org/TUGboat/tb33-1/tb103madsen.pdf>). The bottom line is that it is better to use the 'align' environment (and others) from the 'amsmath' package. @@ -1153,7 +1178,7 @@ put a float: allowed for full-width floats ('figure*') with double-column output. To ameliorate this, use the 'stfloats' or 'dblfloatfix' package, but see the discussion at caveats in the FAQ: - 'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat'. + <http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat>. 'h' (Here)--at the position in the text where the figure environment @@ -1163,7 +1188,7 @@ put a float: To absolutely force a figure to appear "here", you can '\usepackage{float}' and use the 'H' specifier which it defines. For further discussion, see the FAQ entry at - 'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=figurehere'. + <http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=figurehere>. 'p' (Page of floats)--on a separate float page, which is a page @@ -1234,7 +1259,7 @@ non-float text: Maximum number of floats that can appear on a text page; default 3. The principal TeX FAQ entry relating to floats: -'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=floats'. +<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=floats>. 9.11 'flushleft' ================ @@ -1474,9 +1499,11 @@ coordinates. A coordinate is a number that may have a decimal point and a minus sign--a number like '5', '0.3' or '-3.1416'. A coordinate specifies a length in multiples of the unit length '\unitlength', so if '\unitlength' has been set to '1cm', then the coordinate 2.54 specifies -a length of 2.54 centimeters. You should only change the value of -'\unitlength', using the '\setlength' command, outside of a 'picture' -environment. +a length of 2.54 centimeters. + + You should only change the value of '\unitlength', using the +'\setlength' command, outside of a 'picture' environment. The default +value is '1pt'. A position is a pair of coordinates, such as '(2.4,-5)', specifying the point with x-coordinate '2.4' and y-coordinate '-5'. Coordinates @@ -2118,7 +2145,7 @@ BibTeX are: In addition, numerous other BibTeX style files exist tailored to the demands of various publications. See -'http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib'. +<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib>. The '\bibliography' command is what actually produces the bibliography. The argument to '\bibliography' refers to files named @@ -2460,10 +2487,13 @@ LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds. '\newcommand' and '\renewcommand' define and redefine a command, respectively. Synopses: - \newcommand{CMD}[NARGS]{DEFN} - \renewcommand{CMD}[NARGS]{DEFN} - \newcommand{CMD}[NARGS][DEFAULT]{DEFN} - \renewcommand{CMD}[NARGS][DEFAULT]{DEFN} + \newcommand[*]{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARG]{DEFN} + \renewcommand[*]{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARG]{DEFN} + +'*' + The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments not + contain multiple paragraphs of text (not '\long', in plain TeX + terms). CMD The command name beginning with '\'. For '\newcommand', it must @@ -2475,11 +2505,12 @@ NARGS that the command will take. The default is for the command to have no arguments. -DEFAULT +OPTARG If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command's - first argument is optional. When the new command is called, the - default value of the optional argument (i.e., if it is not - specified in the call) is the string 'def'. + first argument is optional. The default value of the optional + argument (i.e., if it is not specified in the call) is OPTARG, or, + if that argument is present in the '\newcommand' but has an empty + value, the string 'def'. DEFN The text to be substituted for every occurrence of 'cmd'; a @@ -2530,13 +2561,17 @@ refer to a new bin for storing boxes. Synopses: - \newenvironment{ENV}[NARGS]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF} - \newenvironment{ENV}[NARGS][DEFAULT]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF} - \renewenvironment{ENV}[NARGS]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF} + \newenvironment[*]{ENV}[NARGS][DEFAULT]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF} + \renewenvironment[*]{ENV}[NARGS]{BEGDEF}{ENDDEF} These commands define or redefine an environment ENV, that is, '\begin{ENV} ... \end{ENV}'. +'*' + The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments (not the + contents of the environment) not contain multiple paragraphs of + text. + ENV The name of the environment. For '\newenvironment', ENV must not be an existing environment, and the command '\ENV' must be @@ -2620,8 +2655,8 @@ preceded by '\protect'. See also: -'http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html' -'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=protect' +<http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html> +<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=protect> 14 Counters *********** @@ -3970,7 +4005,8 @@ capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without '\@': produces - ... in C. Pascal, though ... ... in C. Pascal, though ... + ... in C. Pascal, though ... + ... in C. Pascal, though ... 20.5 '\thinspace' ================= @@ -4764,8 +4800,8 @@ make a 'See also' entry. the macro '\alsoname'. These can be redefined for other languages. The generated '.idx' file is then sorted with an external command, -usually either 'makeindex' ('http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex') -or (the multi-lingual) 'xindy' ('http://xindy.sourceforge.net'). This +usually either 'makeindex' (<http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex>) +or (the multi-lingual) 'xindy' (<http://xindy.sourceforge.net>). This results in a '.ind' file, which can then be read to typeset the index. The index is usually generated with the '\printindex' command. This @@ -4781,7 +4817,7 @@ the index. The 'multind' package supports multiple indexes. See also the TeX FAQ entry on this topic, -'http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind'. +<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind>. 25 Letters ********** @@ -4985,7 +5021,7 @@ Appendix A Document templates Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will be useful. Additional template resources are listed -'http://tug.org/interest.html#latextemplates'. +<http://tug.org/interest.html#latextemplates>. A.1 'book' template =================== @@ -5034,12 +5070,14 @@ The 'beamer' class creates slides presentations. \end{document} + One web resource for this: +<http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/>. A.3 'tugboat' template ====================== 'TUGboat' is the journal of the TeX Users Group, -'http://tug.org/TUGboat'. +<http://tug.org/TUGboat>. \documentclass{ltugboat} \usepackage{graphicx} @@ -5117,6 +5155,1504 @@ Email \verb|tugboat@tug.org| if problems or questions. Concept Index ************* +* Menu: + +* '*' prompt: Command line. (line 5018) +* *-form of defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand. + (line 2496) +* *-form of environment commands: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment. + (line 2573) +* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 832) +* '.glo' file: Glossaries. (line 4775) +* '.idx' file: Indexes. (line 4791) +* '.ind' file: Indexes. (line 4805) +* 'see' and 'see also' index entries: Indexes. (line 4798) +* abstracts: abstract. (line 929) +* accents: Accents. (line 4476) +* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 3706) +* accessing any character of a font: Reserved characters. + (line 4290) +* acute accent: Accents. (line 4490) +* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 3711) +* ae ligature: Non-English characters. + (line 4579) +* align environment, from 'amsmath': eqnarray. (line 1109) +* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 1109) +* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 1780) +* amsmath package, replacing 'eqnarray': eqnarray. (line 1109) +* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 838) +* aring: Non-English characters. + (line 4575) +* arrays, math: array. (line 940) +* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 4424) +* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 4456) +* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 4392) +* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 4357) +* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 4360) +* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 4363) +* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3874) +* auxiliary file: Overview. (line 319) +* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 4366) +* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 4372) +* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 4369) +* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 4499) +* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 3714) +* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 4516) +* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 282) +* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 2123) +* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 2059) +* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 2123) +* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 4375) +* black boxes, omitting: Document class options. + (line 392) +* bold font: Font styles. (line 543) +* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 1034) +* boxes: Boxes. (line 4105) +* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 4378) +* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 4381) +* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 2243) +* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 2344) +* breve accent: Accents. (line 4555) +* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 3717) +* bug reporting: About this document. + (line 252) +* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 3043) +* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 4384) +* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 1320) +* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 546) +* cap height: Text symbols. (line 4392) +* caron accent: Accents. (line 4565) +* case sensitivity of LaTeX: Overview. (line 331) +* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 4877) +* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 4520) +* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 4363) +* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 4431) +* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 999) +* centering text, environment for: center. (line 985) +* characters, accented: Accents. (line 4476) +* characters, non-English: Non-English characters. + (line 4570) +* characters, reserved: Reserved characters. + (line 4271) +* check accent: Accents. (line 4565) +* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 3720) +* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 4375) +* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 4387) +* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 4503) +* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 3732) +* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 4357) +* class options: Document class options. + (line 371) +* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 354) +* closing letters: \closing. (line 4887) +* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 4348) +* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 2190) +* command line: Command line. (line 5009) +* commands, defining new ones: \newcommand & \renewcommand. + (line 2489) +* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 4392) +* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 2190) +* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 4308) +* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 2666) +* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 2525) +* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 2724) +* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 2738) +* creating letters: Letters. (line 4828) +* creating pictures: picture. (line 1492) +* creating tables: table. (line 1871) +* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 3884) +* cross references: Cross references. (line 859) +* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 897) +* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 907) +* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 4403) +* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 4412) +* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 4400) +* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 4311) +* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 4397) +* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3880) +* 'datetime' package: \today. (line 4644) +* defining a new command: \newcommand & \renewcommand. + (line 2489) +* defining new environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment. + (line 2564) +* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 2631) +* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 2603) +* definitions: Definitions. (line 2484) +* description lists, creating: description. (line 1022) +* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 4486) +* discretionary multiplication: Math miscellany. (line 3777) +* displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation: quotation. + (line 1750) +* displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation: quote. + (line 1765) +* document class options: Document class options. + (line 371) +* document classes: Document classes. (line 354) +* document templates: Document templates. (line 5025) +* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 4403) +* dot accent: Accents. (line 4495) +* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 3726) +* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 4495) +* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 4524) +* dotless i: Accents. (line 4532) +* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 3735) +* dotless j: Accents. (line 4535) +* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 3738) +* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4323) +* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 4314) +* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 4400) +* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 3723) +* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 4323) +* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 4437) +* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 4345) +* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 4450) +* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 4440) +* double spacing: Low-level font commands. + (line 644) +* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 4372) +* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 4409) +* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 4329) +* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4406) +* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 4459) +* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 4465) +* emphasis: Font styles. (line 475) +* emphasis <1>: Font styles. (line 549) +* enclosure list: \encl. (line 4897) +* ending & starting: Starting & ending. (line 337) +* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 2371) +* environments: Environments. (line 919) +* environments, defining: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment. + (line 2564) +* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 907) +* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 1132) +* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 1109) +* equations, environment for: equation. (line 1144) +* es-zet German letter: Non-English characters. + (line 4611) +* eth, Icelandic letter: Non-English characters. + (line 4583) +* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 4412) +* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 4415) +* exponent: Subscripts & superscripts. + (line 2953) +* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 4428) +* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 907) +* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 1479) +* figures, inserting: figure. (line 1157) +* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 567) +* 'float' package: figure. (line 1185) +* 'float' package <1>: figure. (line 1189) +* flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage. (line 2359) +* font commands, low-level: Low-level font commands. + (line 598) +* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 572) +* font styles: Font styles. (line 454) +* fonts: Typefaces. (line 448) +* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 2631) +* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 3914) +* footer, parameters for: Page layout parameters. + (line 738) +* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 907) +* footnote parameters: Footnote parameters. + (line 2468) +* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 1479) +* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 2404) +* footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered: Symbolic footnotes. + (line 2455) +* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 1144) +* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 2917) +* fragile commands: \protect. (line 2645) +* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4323) +* functions, math: Math functions. (line 3598) +* global options: Document class options. + (line 371) +* global options <1>: Document class options. + (line 441) +* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 4773) +* grave accent: Accents. (line 4507) +* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 3729) +* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 4418) +* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 2962) +* ha'c<ek accent, math: Math accents. (line 3720) +* hacek accent: Accents. (line 4565) +* hat accent: Accents. (line 4503) +* hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 3732) +* header style: \pagestyle. (line 3914) +* header, parameters for: Page layout parameters. + (line 738) +* here, putting floats: figure. (line 1189) +* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 4528) +* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 2311) +* hyphenation, forcing: \- (hyphenation). (line 2281) +* hyphenation, preventing: \mbox. (line 4111) +* Icelandic eth: Non-English characters. + (line 4583) +* Icelandic thorn: Non-English characters. + (line 4615) +* ij letter, Dutch: Non-English characters. + (line 4591) +* in-line formulas: math. (line 1452) +* indent, forcing: \indent. (line 2846) +* indent, suppressing: \noindent. (line 2857) +* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 1475) +* indexes: Indexes. (line 4788) +* input file: Splitting the input. + (line 4650) +* input/output: Terminal input/output. + (line 4976) +* inserting figures: figure. (line 1157) +* italic font: Font styles. (line 552) +* justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 1307) +* justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 1281) +* Knuth, Donald E.: About this document. + (line 245) +* labelled lists, creating: description. (line 1022) +* Lamport, Leslie: About this document. + (line 245) +* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 4317) +* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 282) +* LaTeX Project team: About this document. + (line 245) +* layout commands: Layout. (line 668) +* layout, page parameters for: Page layout parameters. + (line 738) +* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4323) +* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 4424) +* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 4378) +* left quote: Text symbols. (line 4333) +* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 4437) +* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 4443) +* left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 1281) +* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 1268) +* left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 3826) +* lengths, adding to: \addtolength. (line 2791) +* lengths, defining and using: Lengths. (line 2778) +* lengths, defining new: \newlength. (line 2540) +* lengths, predefined: Predefined lengths. (line 2819) +* lengths, setting: \setlength. (line 2784) +* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 4421) +* letters: Letters. (line 4828) +* letters, accented: Accents. (line 4476) +* letters, ending: \closing. (line 4887) +* letters, non-English: Non-English characters. + (line 4570) +* letters, starting: \opening. (line 4930) +* line break, forcing: \\. (line 2255) +* line breaking: Line breaking. (line 2243) +* line breaks, forcing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak. + (line 2327) +* line breaks, preventing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak. + (line 2327) +* lines in tables: tabular. (line 1898) +* lining numerals: Font styles. (line 527) +* lining text up in tables: tabular. (line 1898) +* lining text up using tab stops: tabbing. (line 1780) +* list items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 2713) +* lists of items: itemize. (line 1320) +* lists of items, generic: list. (line 1427) +* lists of items, numbered: enumerate. (line 1071) +* loading additional packages: Document class options. + (line 434) +* log file: Overview. (line 315) +* logo, LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 4317) +* logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 4354) +* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 4345) +* low-level font commands: Low-level font commands. + (line 598) +* lR mode: Modes. (line 3826) +* LuaTeX: Overview. (line 306) +* macron accent: Accents. (line 4499) +* macron accent, math: Math accents. (line 3714) +* Madsen, Lars: eqnarray. (line 1109) +* 'makeidx' package: Indexes. (line 4810) +* 'makeindex' program: Indexes. (line 4805) +* making a title page: titlepage. (line 2173) +* making paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 2838) +* marginal notes: Marginal notes. (line 2870) +* masculine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 4428) +* math accents: Math accents. (line 3706) +* math formulas: Math formulas. (line 2917) +* math functions: Math functions. (line 3598) +* math miscellany: Math miscellany. (line 3776) +* math mode: Modes. (line 3826) +* math mode, entering: Math formulas. (line 2917) +* math mode, spacing: Spacing in math mode. + (line 3758) +* math symbols: Math symbols. (line 2962) +* minipage, creating a: minipage. (line 1464) +* modes: Modes. (line 3826) +* monospace font: Font styles. (line 567) +* moving arguments: \protect. (line 2645) +* multicolumn text: \twocolumn. (line 679) +* 'multind' package: Indexes. (line 4821) +* multiplication symbol, discretionary line break: Math miscellany. + (line 3777) +* nested '\include', not allowed: \include. (line 4671) +* new commands, defining: \newcommand & \renewcommand. + (line 2489) +* new line, output as input: \obeycr & \restorecr. + (line 2265) +* new line, starting: \\. (line 2255) +* new line, starting (paragraph mode): \newline. (line 2274) +* new page, starting: \newpage. (line 2365) +* non-English characters: Non-English characters. + (line 4570) +* notes in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 2870) +* null delimiter: Math miscellany. (line 3791) +* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 2713) +* numerals, old-style: Font styles. (line 527) +* oblique font: Font styles. (line 564) +* oe ligature: Non-English characters. + (line 4607) +* ogonek: Accents. (line 4539) +* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 527) +* one-column output: \onecolumn. (line 673) +* opening quote: Text symbols. (line 4333) +* options, document class: Document class options. + (line 371) +* options, global: Document class options. + (line 441) +* ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 4428) +* oslash: Non-English characters. + (line 4603) +* overbar accent: Accents. (line 4499) +* overdot accent, math: Math accents. (line 3726) +* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 282) +* packages, loading: Document class options. + (line 434) +* page break, forcing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak. + (line 2386) +* page break, preventing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak. + (line 2386) +* page breaking: Page breaking. (line 2344) +* page layout parameters: Page layout parameters. + (line 738) +* page number, cross referencing: \pageref. (line 897) +* page numbering style: \pagenumbering. (line 3894) +* page styles: Page styles. (line 3862) +* paragraph indentation, in minipage: minipage. (line 1475) +* paragraph indentations in quoted text: quotation. (line 1750) +* paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting: quote. (line 1765) +* paragraph mode: Modes. (line 3826) +* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 4337) +* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 2838) +* parameters, for footnotes: Footnote parameters. + (line 2468) +* parameters, page layout: Page layout parameters. + (line 738) +* pdfTeX: Overview. (line 300) +* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 4431) +* pictures, creating: picture. (line 1492) +* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 4337) +* placement of floats: figure. (line 1170) +* poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 2224) +* polish l: Non-English characters. + (line 4595) +* postscript, in letters: \ps. (line 4942) +* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 4341) +* preamble, defined: Starting & ending. (line 348) +* predefined lengths: Predefined lengths. (line 2819) +* prompt, '*': Command line. (line 5018) +* questionation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 4434) +* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 4323) +* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 4450) +* quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation. + (line 1750) +* quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying: quote. + (line 1765) +* ragged left text: \raggedleft. (line 1307) +* ragged left text, environment for: flushright. (line 1294) +* ragged right text: \raggedright. (line 1281) +* ragged right text, environment for: flushleft. (line 1268) +* redefining environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment. + (line 2564) +* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 4453) +* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 2870) +* reporting bugs: About this document. + (line 252) +* reserved characters: Reserved characters. + (line 4271) +* right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4323) +* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 4456) +* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 4381) +* right quote: Text symbols. (line 4348) +* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 4440) +* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 4446) +* right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 1307) +* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 1294) +* ring accent: Accents. (line 4544) +* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 3741) +* robust commands: \protect. (line 2655) +* roman font: Font styles. (line 555) +* running header and footer: Page layout parameters. + (line 738) +* running header and footer style: \pagestyle. (line 3914) +* sans serif font: Font styles. (line 561) +* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 546) +* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 907) +* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 848) +* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 4351) +* sectioning: Sectioning. (line 807) +* 'setspace' package: Low-level font commands. + (line 644) +* setting counters: \setcounter. (line 2738) +* sharp S letters: Non-English characters. + (line 4611) +* 'showidx' package: Indexes. (line 4817) +* simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 2190) +* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4323) +* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 4323) +* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 4443) +* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 4345) +* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 4446) +* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 572) +* slanted font: Font styles. (line 564) +* small caps font: Font styles. (line 558) +* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 4054) +* spaces: Spaces. (line 3957) +* spacing within math mode: Spacing in math mode. + (line 3758) +* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 4428) +* special characters: Non-English characters. + (line 4570) +* specifier, float placement: figure. (line 1170) +* splitting the input file: Splitting the input. + (line 4650) +* starting & ending: Starting & ending. (line 337) +* starting a new page: \newpage. (line 2365) +* starting a new page and clearing floats: \clearpage. (line 2359) +* starting on a right-hand page: \cleardoublepage. (line 2351) +* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 4341) +* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 4450) +* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 4450) +* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 732) +* styles of text: Font styles. (line 454) +* styles, page: Page styles. (line 3862) +* subscript: Subscripts & superscripts. + (line 2953) +* superscript: Subscripts & superscripts. + (line 2953) +* symbols, math: Math symbols. (line 2962) +* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 1780) +* table of contents entry, manually adding: \addcontentsline. + (line 4729) +* table of contents, creating: Tables of contents. (line 4709) +* tables, creating: table. (line 1871) +* terminal input/output: Terminal input/output. + (line 4976) +* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 4354) +* text symbols: Text symbols. (line 4302) +* 'textcomp' package: Font styles. (line 527) +* thanks, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3884) +* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 2603) +* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 2160) +* thorn, Icelandic letter: Non-English characters. + (line 4615) +* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4459) +* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 4550) +* tilde accent: Accents. (line 4513) +* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 3744) +* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 4360) +* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 2173) +* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3888) +* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 3868) +* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 4462) +* transcript file: Overview. (line 315) +* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 679) +* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4465) +* typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 2190) +* typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 572) +* typeface styles: Font styles. (line 454) +* typefaces: Typefaces. (line 448) +* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 567) +* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 1034) +* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 4486) +* underbar: Accents. (line 4558) +* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 4468) +* unordered lists: itemize. (line 1320) +* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 2123) +* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 2666) +* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 3747) +* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 2190) +* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 2207) +* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 4372) +* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 4369) +* vertical space: \addvspace. (line 4054) +* vertical space before paragraphs: \parskip. (line 2864) +* visible space: \verb. (line 2218) +* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 4471) +* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 3750) +* wide tile accent, math: Math accents. (line 3753) +* XeTeX: Overview. (line 309) +* 'xindy' program: Indexes. (line 4805) + Command Index ************* +* Menu: + +* $: Math formulas. (line 2935) +* .aux file: Overview. (line 319) +* .dvi file: Overview. (line 292) +* .log file: Overview. (line 315) +* .pdf file: Overview. (line 300) +* .toc file: Tables of contents. (line 4709) +* 10pt option: Document class options. + (line 379) +* 11pt option: Document class options. + (line 379) +* 12pt option: Document class options. + (line 379) +* @{...}: array. (line 963) +* [...] for optional arguments: Overview. (line 325) +* \ character starting commands: Overview. (line 325) +* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 4486) +* \#: Reserved characters. + (line 4276) +* \$: Reserved characters. + (line 4276) +* \%: Reserved characters. + (line 4276) +* \&: Reserved characters. + (line 4276) +* \' (acute accent): Accents. (line 4490) +* \' (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1819) +* \(: Math formulas. (line 2927) +* \): Math formulas. (line 2927) +* \*: Math miscellany. (line 3776) +* \+: tabbing. (line 1811) +* \,: Spacing in math mode. + (line 3769) +* \-: tabbing. (line 1815) +* \- (hyphenation): \- (hyphenation). (line 2281) +* \. (dot-over accent): Accents. (line 4495) +* \/: \/. (line 4023) +* \:: Spacing in math mode. + (line 3767) +* \;: Spacing in math mode. + (line 3764) +* \<: tabbing. (line 1807) +* \= (macron accent): Accents. (line 4499) +* \= (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1801) +* \>: tabbing. (line 1805) +* \> <1>: Spacing in math mode. + (line 3767) +* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1804) +* \@: \AT. (line 4002) +* \@fnsymbol: Symbolic footnotes. (line 2460) +* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1834) +* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1835) +* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1835) +* \aa (aa): Non-English characters. + (line 4575) +* \AA (AA): Non-English characters. + (line 4575) +* \acute: Math accents. (line 3710) +* \addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}: \addcontentsline. (line 4729) +* \address: \address. (line 4864) +* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 4758) +* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 2748) +* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 2791) +* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 4054) +* \ae (ae): Non-English characters. + (line 4579) +* \AE (AE): Non-English characters. + (line 4579) +* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 2970) +* \alph: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol. + (line 2684) +* \Alph: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol. + (line 2687) +* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 1104) +* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 2973) +* \alsoname: Indexes. (line 4802) +* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 2976) +* \and for '\author': \maketitle. (line 3874) +* \angle: Math symbols. (line 2979) +* \appendix: Sectioning. (line 838) +* \approx: Math symbols. (line 2982) +* \arabic: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol. + (line 2690) +* \arccos: Math functions. (line 3601) +* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 3604) +* \arctan: Math functions. (line 3607) +* \arg: Math functions. (line 3610) +* \arraycolsep: array. (line 975) +* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 1992) +* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 1996) +* \ast: Math symbols. (line 2985) +* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 2988) +* \author{NAME \and NAME2}: \maketitle. (line 3873) +* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1835) +* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 4516) +* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 2991) +* \backslash <1>: Reserved characters. + (line 4281) +* \bar: Math accents. (line 3713) +* \baselineskip: Low-level font commands. + (line 638) +* \baselinestretch: Low-level font commands. + (line 644) +* \begin: Environments. (line 919) +* \beta: Math symbols. (line 2994) +* \bf: Font styles. (line 542) +* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 481) +* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 2084) +* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 2123) +* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 2123) +* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 2997) +* \bigcap <1>: Math symbols. (line 3027) +* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 3000) +* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 3003) +* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 3006) +* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 3009) +* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 3012) +* \bigskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip. + (line 4068) +* \bigskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip. + (line 4068) +* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 3021) +* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 3015) +* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 3018) +* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 3024) +* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 3030) +* \bmod: Math functions. (line 3613) +* \boldmath: Math formulas. (line 2940) +* \bot: Math symbols. (line 3033) +* \bottomfraction: figure. (line 1218) +* \bottomnumber: figure. (line 1251) +* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 3036) +* \Box: Math symbols. (line 3039) +* \breve: Math accents. (line 3716) +* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 3042) +* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 4520) +* \cal: Font styles. (line 545) +* \cap: Math symbols. (line 3045) +* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 4490) +* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 4555) +* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 4565) +* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 4520) +* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 4503) +* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 4486) +* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 4524) +* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 4507) +* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 4528) +* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 4499) +* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 4550) +* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 4539) +* \capitalring: Accents. (line 4544) +* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 4550) +* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 4513) +* \caption: figure. (line 1211) +* \cc: \cc. (line 4877) +* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 3048) +* \cdots: Math miscellany. (line 3780) +* \centering: \centering. (line 999) +* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 810) +* \check: Math accents. (line 3719) +* \chi: Math symbols. (line 3051) +* \circ: Math symbols. (line 3054) +* \circle: \circle. (line 1562) +* \cite: \cite. (line 2101) +* \cleardoublepage: \cleardoublepage. (line 2351) +* \clearpage: \clearpage. (line 2359) +* \cline: \cline. (line 2034) +* \closing: \closing. (line 4887) +* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 3057) +* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 689) +* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 692) +* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 696) +* \cong: Math symbols. (line 3060) +* \contentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 4752) +* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 3063) +* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 4306) +* \cos: Math functions. (line 3616) +* \cosh: Math functions. (line 3619) +* \cot: Math functions. (line 3622) +* \coth: Math functions. (line 3625) +* \csc: Math functions. (line 3628) +* \cup: Math symbols. (line 3066) +* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 4524) +* \dag: Text symbols. (line 4310) +* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 3069) +* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 1613) +* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 3072) +* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3879) +* \day: \day \month \year. (line 2767) +* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 707) +* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 711) +* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 716) +* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 702) +* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 4313) +* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 3075) +* \ddot: Math accents. (line 3722) +* \ddots: Math miscellany. (line 3784) +* \deg: Math functions. (line 3631) +* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 3078) +* \delta: Math symbols. (line 3081) +* \depth: Predefined lengths. (line 2823) +* \det: Math functions. (line 3634) +* \dh (ae): Non-English characters. + (line 4583) +* \DH (AE): Non-English characters. + (line 4583) +* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 3084) +* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 3087) +* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 3090) +* \dim: Math functions. (line 3637) +* \displaystyle: Math formulas. (line 2945) +* \div: Math symbols. (line 3093) +* \dj: Non-English characters. + (line 4587) +* \DJ: Non-English characters. + (line 4587) +* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 354) +* \dot: Math accents. (line 3725) +* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 3096) +* \dotfill: \dotfill. (line 4048) +* \dots: Text symbols. (line 4327) +* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 2000) +* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 3099) +* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 3102) +* \ell: Math symbols. (line 3105) +* \em: Font styles. (line 548) +* \emph: Font styles. (line 475) +* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 3108) +* \encl: \encl. (line 4897) +* \end: Environments. (line 919) +* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 2371) +* \enumi: enumerate. (line 1094) +* \enumii: enumerate. (line 1094) +* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 1094) +* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 1094) +* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 3111) +* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 3114) +* \eta: Math symbols. (line 3117) +* \evensidemargin: Document class options. + (line 415) +* \exists: Math symbols. (line 3120) +* \exp: Math functions. (line 3640) +* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 1963) +* \fbox: \fbox and \framebox. + (line 4118) +* \fboxrule: \framebox (picture). + (line 1607) +* \fboxrule <1>: \fbox and \framebox. + (line 4130) +* \fboxsep: \framebox (picture). + (line 1607) +* \fboxsep <1>: \fbox and \framebox. + (line 4130) +* \fill: \hfill. (line 3984) +* \flat: Math symbols. (line 3123) +* \floatpagefraction: figure. (line 1221) +* \floatsep: figure. (line 1236) +* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 723) +* \fnsymbol: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol. + (line 2699) +* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: Symbolic footnotes. (line 2460) +* \fontencoding: Low-level font commands. + (line 603) +* \fontfamily: Low-level font commands. + (line 606) +* \fontseries: Low-level font commands. + (line 615) +* \fontshape: Low-level font commands. + (line 626) +* \fontsize: Low-level font commands. + (line 638) +* \footnote: \footnote. (line 2411) +* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 2426) +* \footnoterule: Footnote parameters. + (line 2468) +* \footnotesep: Footnote parameters. + (line 2474) +* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 577) +* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 2441) +* \footskip: Page layout parameters. + (line 748) +* \forall: Math symbols. (line 3126) +* \frac: Math miscellany. (line 3788) +* \frac{num}{den}: Math miscellany. (line 3787) +* \frame: \frame. (line 1628) +* \framebox: \framebox (picture). + (line 1599) +* \framebox <1>: \fbox and \framebox. + (line 4118) +* \frown: Math symbols. (line 3129) +* \fussy: \fussy. (line 2293) +* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 3132) +* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 3135) +* \gcd: Math functions. (line 3643) +* \ge: Math symbols. (line 3138) +* \geq: Math symbols. (line 3141) +* \gets: Math symbols. (line 3144) +* \gg: Math symbols. (line 3147) +* \glossary: Glossaries. (line 4775) +* \glossaryentry: Glossaries. (line 4778) +* \grave: Math accents. (line 3728) +* \guillemotleft (<<): Text symbols. (line 4319) +* \guillemotright (>>): Text symbols. (line 4320) +* \guilsinglleft (<): Text symbols. (line 4321) +* \guilsinglright (>): Text symbols. (line 4322) +* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 4528) +* \hat: Math accents. (line 3731) +* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 3150) +* \headheight: Page layout parameters. + (line 738) +* \headsep: Page layout parameters. + (line 743) +* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 3153) +* \height: Predefined lengths. (line 2821) +* \hfill: \hfill. (line 3981) +* \hline: \hline. (line 2045) +* \hom: Math functions. (line 3646) +* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3156) +* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3159) +* \hrulefill: \hrulefill. (line 4041) +* \hsize: Page layout parameters. + (line 788) +* \hspace: \hspace. (line 3966) +* \huge: Font sizes. (line 577) +* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 577) +* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 2311) +* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 4532) +* \iff: Math symbols. (line 3162) +* \ij (ij): Non-English characters. + (line 4591) +* \IJ (IJ): Non-English characters. + (line 4591) +* \Im: Math symbols. (line 3165) +* \imath: Math accents. (line 3734) +* \in: Math symbols. (line 3168) +* \include: \include. (line 4659) +* \includeonly: \includeonly. (line 4677) +* \indent: \indent. (line 2846) +* \index: Indexes. (line 4791) +* \indexentry: Indexes. (line 4794) +* \inf: Math functions. (line 3649) +* \infty: Math symbols. (line 3171) +* \input: \input. (line 4691) +* \int: Math symbols. (line 3174) +* \intextsep: figure. (line 1240) +* \iota: Math symbols. (line 3177) +* \it: Font styles. (line 551) +* \item: description. (line 1030) +* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 1084) +* \item <2>: itemize. (line 1320) +* \itemindent: itemize. (line 1363) +* \itemsep: itemize. (line 1385) +* \itshape: Font styles. (line 472) +* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 4535) +* \jmath: Math accents. (line 3737) +* \Join: Math symbols. (line 3180) +* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 4539) +* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 3183) +* \ker: Math functions. (line 3652) +* \kill: tabbing. (line 1839) +* \l (/l): Non-English characters. + (line 4595) +* \L (/L): Non-English characters. + (line 4595) +* \label: \label. (line 865) +* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 1098) +* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 1098) +* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 1098) +* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 1098) +* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 1343) +* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 1343) +* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 1343) +* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 1343) +* \labelsep: itemize. (line 1366) +* \labelwidth: itemize. (line 1369) +* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 3186) +* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 3189) +* \land: Math symbols. (line 3192) +* \langle: Math symbols. (line 3195) +* \large: Font sizes. (line 577) +* \Large: Font sizes. (line 577) +* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 577) +* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 4316) +* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 3198) +* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 3201) +* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 3204) +* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 4326) +* \le: Math symbols. (line 3207) +* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 3210) +* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math miscellany. (line 3790) +* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3212) +* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3215) +* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 1137) +* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 3218) +* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 3221) +* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 1350) +* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 1350) +* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 1350) +* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 1350) +* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 1350) +* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 1350) +* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 1350) +* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3224) +* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3227) +* \leq: Math symbols. (line 3230) +* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 3233) +* \lg: Math functions. (line 3655) +* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 3236) +* \lim: Math functions. (line 3658) +* \liminf: Math functions. (line 3661) +* \limsup: Math functions. (line 3664) +* \line: \line. (line 1639) +* \linebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak. + (line 2327) +* \linespread: Low-level font commands. + (line 651) +* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 1654) +* \linewidth: Page layout parameters. + (line 753) +* \listoffigures: Tables of contents. (line 4719) +* \listoftables: Tables of contents. (line 4719) +* \listparindent: itemize. (line 1372) +* \ll: Math symbols. (line 3239) +* \ln: Math functions. (line 3667) +* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 3242) +* \location: \location. (line 4906) +* \log: Math functions. (line 3670) +* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3245) +* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3248) +* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 3251) +* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3254) +* \lor: Math symbols. (line 3257) +* \lq: Text symbols. (line 4332) +* \makebox: \makebox. (line 4150) +* \makebox (picture): \makebox (picture). (line 1573) +* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 4773) +* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 4788) +* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 4914) +* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 3868) +* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 3260) +* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2870) +* \marginparpush: Marginal notes. (line 2897) +* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 2901) +* \marginparwidth: Marginal notes. (line 2905) +* \markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 3937) +* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 3944) +* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 505) +* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 521) +* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 518) +* \mathring: Math accents. (line 3740) +* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 502) +* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 508) +* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 511) +* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 523) +* \max: Math functions. (line 3673) +* \mbox: \mbox. (line 4111) +* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 478) +* \medskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip. + (line 4072) +* \medskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip. + (line 4072) +* \mho: Math symbols. (line 3263) +* \mid: Math symbols. (line 3265) +* \min: Math functions. (line 3676) +* \models: Math symbols. (line 3268) +* \month: \day \month \year. (line 2767) +* \mp: Math symbols. (line 3271) +* \mu: Math symbols. (line 3274) +* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 2012) +* \multiput: \multiput. (line 1678) +* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 3277) +* \name: \name. (line 4922) +* \natural: Math symbols. (line 3280) +* \ne: Math symbols. (line 3283) +* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 3286) +* \neg: Math symbols. (line 3289) +* \neq: Math symbols. (line 3292) +* \newcommand: \newcommand & \renewcommand. + (line 2489) +* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 2525) +* \newenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment. + (line 2564) +* \newfont: \newfont. (line 2631) +* \newlength: \newlength. (line 2540) +* \newline: \newline. (line 2274) +* \NEWLINE: \SPACE. (line 3991) +* \newpage: \newpage. (line 2365) +* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 2554) +* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 2603) +* \newtie: Accents. (line 4550) +* \ng: Non-English characters. + (line 4599) +* \NG: Non-English characters. + (line 4599) +* \ni: Math symbols. (line 3295) +* \nocite: \nocite. (line 2115) +* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 4723) +* \noindent: \noindent. (line 2857) +* \nolinebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak. + (line 2327) +* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 1132) +* \nopagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak. + (line 2386) +* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 499) +* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2885) +* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 577) +* \not: Math symbols. (line 3298) +* \notin: Math symbols. (line 3301) +* \nu: Math symbols. (line 3304) +* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 3307) +* \o (/o): Non-English characters. + (line 4603) +* \O (/O): Non-English characters. + (line 4603) +* \obeycr: \obeycr & \restorecr. + (line 2265) +* \oddsidemargin: Document class options. + (line 415) +* \odot: Math symbols. (line 3310) +* \oe (oe): Non-English characters. + (line 4607) +* \OE (OE): Non-English characters. + (line 4607) +* \oint: Math symbols. (line 3313) +* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 527) +* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 3316) +* \omega: Math symbols. (line 3319) +* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 3322) +* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 673) +* \opening: \opening. (line 4930) +* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 3325) +* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 3328) +* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 3331) +* \oval: \oval. (line 1688) +* \overbrace{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 3795) +* \overline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 3799) +* \owns: Math symbols. (line 3334) +* \P: Text symbols. (line 4335) +* \pagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak. + (line 2386) +* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 3894) +* \pageref: \pageref. (line 897) +* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 3914) +* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 815) +* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 3337) +* \parbox: \parbox. (line 4175) +* \parindent: minipage. (line 1475) +* \parindent <1>: \indent. (line 2846) +* \parsep: itemize. (line 1390) +* \parskip: \parskip. (line 2864) +* \parskip example: itemize. (line 1406) +* \part: Sectioning. (line 809) +* \partial: Math symbols. (line 3340) +* \partopsep: itemize. (line 1400) +* \perp: Math symbols. (line 3343) +* \phi: Math symbols. (line 3346) +* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 3349) +* \pi: Math symbols. (line 3352) +* \pm: Math symbols. (line 3355) +* \pmod: Math functions. (line 3679) +* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 1845) +* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 1846) +* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 4339) +* \Pr: Math functions. (line 3682) +* \prec: Math symbols. (line 3358) +* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 3361) +* \prime: Math symbols. (line 3364) +* \prod: Math symbols. (line 3367) +* \propto: Math symbols. (line 3370) +* \protect: \protect. (line 2645) +* \ps: \ps. (line 4942) +* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 3373) +* \psi: Math symbols. (line 3376) +* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 1848) +* \put: \put. (line 1712) +* \quotedblbase (,,): Text symbols. (line 4343) +* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 4344) +* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 4544) +* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 732) +* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 1307) +* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 1281) +* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 4215) +* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 3379) +* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 3382) +* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 3385) +* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 3388) +* \Re: Math symbols. (line 3391) +* \ref: \ref. (line 907) +* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 2754) +* \renewenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment. + (line 2564) +* \restorecr: \obeycr & \restorecr. + (line 2265) +* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2885) +* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 3394) +* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 3397) +* \rho: Math symbols. (line 3400) +* \right: Math miscellany. (line 3791) +* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3403) +* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3406) +* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 3409) +* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 3412) +* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 3415) +* \rightmargin: itemize. (line 1376) +* \rm: Font styles. (line 554) +* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 469) +* \roman: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol. + (line 2693) +* \roman <1>: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol. + (line 2696) +* \rq: Text symbols. (line 4347) +* \rule: \rule. (line 4620) +* \S: Text symbols. (line 4350) +* \savebox: \savebox. (line 4231) +* \sbox: \sbox. (line 4243) +* \sc: Font styles. (line 557) +* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 577) +* \scshape: Font styles. (line 493) +* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 3418) +* \sec: Math functions. (line 3685) +* \section: Sectioning. (line 812) +* \seename: Indexes. (line 4802) +* \selectfont: Low-level font commands. + (line 657) +* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 2738) +* \setlength: \setlength. (line 2784) +* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 3421) +* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 2797) +* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 2805) +* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 2813) +* \sf: Font styles. (line 560) +* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 490) +* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 3424) +* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 1720) +* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 3427) +* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 3430) +* \signature: \signature. (line 4948) +* \sim: Math symbols. (line 3433) +* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 3436) +* \sin: Math functions. (line 3688) +* \sinh: Math functions. (line 3691) +* \sl: Font styles. (line 563) +* \slshape: Font styles. (line 487) +* \small: Font sizes. (line 577) +* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 3439) +* \smallskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip. + (line 4076) +* \smallskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip. + (line 4076) +* \smile: Math symbols. (line 3442) +* \SPACE: \SPACE. (line 3991) +* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 3445) +* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 3448) +* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 3451) +* \sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: Math miscellany. (line 3802) +* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 3454) +* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 3457) +* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 3460) +* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 3463) +* \ss (ss): Non-English characters. + (line 4611) +* \SS (SS): Non-English characters. + (line 4611) +* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: Math miscellany. (line 3808) +* \star: Math symbols. (line 3466) +* \startbreaks: \startbreaks. (line 4954) +* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 2761) +* \stop: Command line. (line 5018) +* \stopbreaks: \stopbreaks. (line 4961) +* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 816) +* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 813) +* \subset: Math symbols. (line 3469) +* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 3472) +* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 814) +* \succ: Math symbols. (line 3475) +* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 3478) +* \sum: Math symbols. (line 3481) +* \sup: Math functions. (line 3694) +* \supset: Math symbols. (line 3484) +* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 3487) +* \surd: Math symbols. (line 3490) +* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 3493) +* \symbol: Reserved characters. + (line 4290) +* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 4550) +* \TAB: \SPACE. (line 3991) +* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 1853) +* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 2004) +* \tableofcontents: Tables of contents. (line 4709) +* \tan: Math functions. (line 3697) +* \tanh: Math functions. (line 3700) +* \tau: Math symbols. (line 3496) +* \telephone: \telephone. (line 4968) +* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 4353) +* \textascenderwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4391) +* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 4356) +* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 4359) +* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 4362) +* \textbackslash: Text symbols. (line 4365) +* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 4368) +* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 4371) +* \textbf: Font styles. (line 481) +* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 4374) +* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 4377) +* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 4380) +* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 4383) +* \textcapitalwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4390) +* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 4386) +* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4389) +* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 4307) +* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 4396) +* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 4399) +* \textdollar (or '$'): Text symbols. (line 4402) +* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 4328) +* \textemdash (or '---'): Text symbols. (line 4405) +* \textendash (or '--'): Text symbols. (line 4408) +* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 4411) +* \textexclamdown (or '!`'): Text symbols. (line 4414) +* \textfloatsep: figure. (line 1245) +* \textfraction: figure. (line 1225) +* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 4417) +* \textheight: Page layout parameters. + (line 761) +* \textit: Font styles. (line 472) +* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 4423) +* \textless: Text symbols. (line 4420) +* \textmd: Font styles. (line 478) +* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 499) +* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 4426) +* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 4427) +* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 4336) +* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 4430) +* \textquestiondown (or '?`'): Text symbols. (line 4433) +* \textquotedblleft (or '``'): Text symbols. (line 4436) +* \textquotedblright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 4439) +* \textquoteleft (or '`'): Text symbols. (line 4442) +* \textquoteright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 4445) +* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 4448) +* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 4449) +* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 4452) +* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 4455) +* \textrm: Font styles. (line 469) +* \textsc: Font styles. (line 493) +* \textsf: Font styles. (line 490) +* \textsl: Font styles. (line 487) +* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 4340) +* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 4458) +* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 4461) +* \texttt: Font styles. (line 496) +* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 4464) +* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 4467) +* \textup: Font styles. (line 484) +* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 4470) +* \textwidth: Page layout parameters. + (line 768) +* \th (th): Non-English characters. + (line 4615) +* \TH (TH): Non-English characters. + (line 4615) +* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3883) +* \theta: Math symbols. (line 3499) +* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 1664) +* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 1671) +* \thinspace: \thinspace. (line 4017) +* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 3950) +* \tilde: Math accents. (line 3743) +* \times: Math symbols. (line 3502) +* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 577) +* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3887) +* \to: Math symbols. (line 3505) +* \today: \today. (line 4639) +* \top: Math symbols. (line 3508) +* \topfraction: figure. (line 1230) +* \topmargin: Page layout parameters. + (line 792) +* \topnumber: figure. (line 1255) +* \topsep: itemize. (line 1394) +* \topskip: Page layout parameters. + (line 799) +* \totalheight: Predefined lengths. (line 2825) +* \totalnumber: figure. (line 1259) +* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 3511) +* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 3514) +* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 3517) +* \tt: Font styles. (line 566) +* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 496) +* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 679) +* \typein: \typein. (line 4979) +* \typeout: \typeout. (line 4993) +* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 4555) +* \unboldmath: Math formulas. (line 2940) +* \underbar: Accents. (line 4558) +* \underbrace{math}: Math miscellany. (line 3812) +* \underline{text}: Math miscellany. (line 3815) +* \unitlength: picture. (line 1496) +* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 3520) +* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 3523) +* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 3526) +* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 3529) +* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 3532) +* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 3535) +* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 3538) +* \upshape: Font styles. (line 484) +* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 3541) +* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 3544) +* \usebox: \usebox. (line 4255) +* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 2713) +* \usefont: Low-level font commands. + (line 661) +* \usepackage: Document class options. + (line 434) +* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 4565) +* \value: \value. (line 2724) +* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 3547) +* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 3550) +* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 3553) +* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 3556) +* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 3559) +* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 3562) +* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 3565) +* \vdots: Math miscellany. (line 3820) +* \vdots <1>: Math miscellany. (line 3821) +* \vec: Math accents. (line 3746) +* \vector: \vector. (line 1739) +* \vee: Math symbols. (line 3568) +* \verb: \verb. (line 2207) +* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 3571) +* \vert: Math symbols. (line 3574) +* \vfill: \vfill. (line 4084) +* \vline: \vline. (line 2052) +* \vspace: \vspace. (line 4091) +* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 3577) +* \widehat: Math accents. (line 3749) +* \widehat <1>: Math accents. (line 3752) +* \width: Predefined lengths. (line 2819) +* \wp: Math symbols. (line 3580) +* \wr: Math symbols. (line 3583) +* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 3586) +* \xi: Math symbols. (line 3589) +* \year: \day \month \year. (line 2767) +* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 3592) +* \[: Math formulas. (line 2927) +* \\ (for 'array'): array. (line 960) +* \\ (for 'center'): center. (line 992) +* \\ (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1124) +* \\ (for 'flushright'): flushright. (line 1300) +* \\ (for '\shortstack' objects): \shortstack. (line 1734) +* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1798) +* \\ for 'flushleft': flushleft. (line 1274) +* \\ for letters: Letters. (line 4854) +* \\ for 'tabular': tabular. (line 1915) +* \\ for 'verse': verse. (line 2235) +* \\ for '\author': \maketitle. (line 3874) +* \\ for '\title': \maketitle. (line 3888) +* \\ force line break: \\. (line 2255) +* \\* (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1129) +* \]: Math formulas. (line 2927) +* \^: Reserved characters. + (line 4286) +* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 4503) +* \_: Reserved characters. + (line 4276) +* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 4507) +* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1825) +* \{: Reserved characters. + (line 4276) +* \|: Math symbols. (line 2967) +* \}: Reserved characters. + (line 4276) +* \~: Reserved characters. + (line 4286) +* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 4513) +* ^: Subscripts & superscripts. + (line 2953) +* _: Subscripts & superscripts. + (line 2953) +* {...} for required arguments: Overview. (line 325) +* a4paper option: Document class options. + (line 384) +* a5paper option: Document class options. + (line 384) +* abstract environment: abstract. (line 929) +* array environment: array. (line 940) +* article class: Document classes. (line 361) +* b5paper option: Document class options. + (line 384) +* book class: Document classes. (line 361) +* center environment: center. (line 985) +* description environment: description. (line 1022) +* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 1045) +* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2917) +* document environment: document. (line 1065) +* draft option: Document class options. + (line 389) +* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 1071) +* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 1109) +* equation environment: equation. (line 1144) +* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2917) +* executivepaper option: Document class options. + (line 384) +* figure: figure. (line 1157) +* final option: Document class options. + (line 389) +* fleqn option: Document class options. + (line 389) +* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 1268) +* flushright environment: flushright. (line 1294) +* indexspace: Indexes. (line 4814) +* itemize environment: itemize. (line 1320) +* landscape option: Document class options. + (line 389) +* latex command: Overview. (line 292) +* <latexrefman-discuss@gna.org> email address: About this document. + (line 252) +* legalpaper option: Document class options. + (line 384) +* leqno option: Document class options. + (line 389) +* letter: letter. (line 1422) +* letter class: Document classes. (line 361) +* letterpaper option: Document class options. + (line 384) +* list: list. (line 1427) +* lR box: picture. (line 1552) +* lrbox: lrbox. (line 4140) +* lualatex command: Overview. (line 306) +* math environment: math. (line 1452) +* math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2917) +* minipage environment: minipage. (line 1464) +* notitlepage option: Document class options. + (line 389) +* onecolumn option: Document class options. + (line 409) +* oneside option: Document class options. + (line 409) +* openany option: Document class options. + (line 409) +* openbib option: Document class options. + (line 389) +* openright option: Document class options. + (line 409) +* pdflatex command: Overview. (line 300) +* picture: picture. (line 1492) +* printindex: Indexes. (line 4810) +* quotation: quotation. (line 1750) +* quote: quote. (line 1765) +* report class: Document classes. (line 361) +* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 848) +* slides class: Document classes. (line 361) +* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 1780) +* table: table. (line 1871) +* tabular environment: tabular. (line 1898) +* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 4302) +* thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 2059) +* theorem environment: theorem. (line 2160) +* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 2173) +* titlepage option: Document class options. + (line 389) +* twocolumn option: Document class options. + (line 409) +* twoside option: Document class options. + (line 409) +* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 2190) +* verse environment: verse. (line 2224) +* xelatex command: Overview. (line 309) + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml index 0a6df3c8ace..cf7af065724 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml @@ -1,34 +1,35 @@ <?xml version="1.0"?> -<!DOCTYPE texinfo PUBLIC "-//GNU//DTD TexinfoML V4.12//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/dtd/4.12/texinfo.dtd"> +<!DOCTYPE texinfo PUBLIC "-//GNU//DTD TexinfoML V5.0//EN" "http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/dtd/5.0/texinfo.dtd"> <texinfo xml:lang="en"> <filename file="latex2e.xml"></filename> <preamble>\input texinfo -</preamble><!-- $Id: latex2e.texi 263 2012-04-25 16:43:05Z karl $ --> -<!-- %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) --> -<setfilename file="latex2e.info">latex2e.info</setfilename> -<setvalue name="UPDATED">May 2012</setvalue> -<settitle>&latex;2e reference manual (May 2012)</settitle> -<!-- %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) --> - -<!-- latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, --> -<!-- xx but latex2e stuff is missing. --> -<!-- --> -<!-- xx mention \oldstylenums (comes from where?) --> -<!-- xx mention \topnumber, \bottomnumber, \totalnumber --> -<!-- --> -<!-- xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ (alt-latex-info) --> -<!-- xx merge permuted-index --> -<!-- --> -<!-- xx The typeset source2e has an index with all kernel --> -<!-- xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included. --> -<!-- xx classes.dtx et al. define additional commands. --> -<!-- --> -<!-- xx packages - required, additional, useful; oberdiek ... --> -<!-- xx fonts - latexsys --> - -<copying> +</preamble><!-- c $Id: latex2e.texi 270 2013-05-13 17:48:08Z karl $ --> +<!-- comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) --> +<setfilename file="latex2e.info" spaces=" ">latex2e.info</setfilename> +<set name="UPDATED" line=" UPDATED May 2013">May 2013</set> +<settitle spaces=" ">&latex;2e reference manual (May 2013)</settitle> +<!-- comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) --> + +<!-- c latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, --> +<!-- c xx but latex2e stuff is missing. --> +<!-- c --> +<!-- c xx mention \topnumber, \bottomnumber, \totalnumber --> +<!-- c xx mention \nocorr, \textit and ic --> +<!-- c xx give actual smallskip/etc. defaults --> +<!-- c --> +<!-- c xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ (alt-latex-info) --> +<!-- c xx merge permuted-index --> +<!-- c --> +<!-- c xx The typeset source2e has an index with all kernel --> +<!-- c xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included. --> +<!-- c xx classes.dtx et al. define additional commands. --> +<!-- c xx See also http://www.ctan.org/pkg/macros2e. --> +<!-- c --> +<!-- c xx packages - required, additional, useful; oberdiek; fonts --> + +<copying endspaces=" "> <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version of May 2012. +document preparation system, version of May 2013. </para> <para>This manual was originally translated from <file>LATEX.HLP</file> v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by @@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as <cite>&tex;niques</cite> number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). </para> -<para>Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Karl Berry.&linebreak; +<para>Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. </para> @@ -57,7 +58,6 @@ notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual). </ignore> - <para>Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission @@ -67,78 +67,77 @@ notice identical to this one. into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. </para></copying> -<dircategory>TeX</dircategory> -<direntry> -<menuentry><menutitle>LaTeX2e</menutitle><menunode>(latex2e)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Unofficial LaTeX reference manual. +<dircategory spaces=" ">TeX</dircategory> +<direntry endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menutitle separator=": ">LaTeX2e</menutitle><menunode separator=". ">(latex2e)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Unofficial LaTeX reference manual. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></direntry> -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> \global\hbadness=4444 % don&textrsquo;t complain much </tex> -<titlepage> -<title>&latex;: Structured documents for &tex;</title> -<subtitle>unofficial &latex; reference manual</subtitle> -<subtitle>May 2012</subtitle> -<author><url><urefurl>http://home.gna.org/latexrefman</urefurl></url></author> +<titlepage endspaces=" "> +<title spaces=" ">&latex;: Structured documents for &tex;</title> +<subtitle spaces=" ">unofficial &latex; reference manual</subtitle> +<subtitle spaces=" ">May 2013</subtitle> +<author spaces=" "><url><urefurl>http://home.gna.org/latexrefman</urefurl></url></author> <page></page> -<vskip> 0pt plus 1filll -</vskip> +<vskip> 0pt plus 1filll</vskip> <insertcopying></insertcopying> </titlepage> <shortcontents></shortcontents> <contents></contents> -<node name="Top"><nodename>Top</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">About this document</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">(dir)</nodeup></node> -<top><sectiontitle>&latex;2e</sectiontitle> +<node name="Top" spaces=" "><nodename>Top</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">About this document</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">(dir)</nodeup></node> +<top spaces=" "><sectiontitle>&latex;2e</sectiontitle> <para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a -document preparation system, version as of May 2012. It is +document preparation system, version as of May 2013. It is intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of &latex; for many years. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>About this document</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bug reporting, etc. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Overview</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">What is &latex;? -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Starting & ending</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The standard beginning and end of a document. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Document classes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Some of the various classes available. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Typefaces</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">And fonts, such as bold, italics etc. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Layout</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Controlling the page layout. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Sectioning</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to section properly. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Cross references</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Automatic referencing. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Environments</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Such as enumerate & itemize. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Line breaking</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Influencing line breaks. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Page breaking</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Influencing page breaks. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Footnotes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to produce footnotes. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Definitions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define your own commands etc. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Counters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Internal counters used by &latex;. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Lengths</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The length commands. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Making paragraphs</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Paragraph commands. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Math formulas</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to create mathematical formulas. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Modes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Paragraph, Math or LR modes. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Page styles</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Various styles of page layout. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Spaces</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal and vertical space. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Boxes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Making boxes. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Special insertions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting reserved and special characters. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Splitting the input</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Dealing with big files by splitting. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Front/back matter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Tables of contents, glossaries, indexes. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Letters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The letter class. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Terminal input/output</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">User interaction. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Command line</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">System-independent command-line behavior. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Document templates</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Starter templates for various document classes. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Concept Index</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">General index. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Command Index</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Alphabetical list of &latex; commands. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">About this document</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bug reporting, etc. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Overview</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">What is &latex;? +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Starting & ending</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The standard beginning and end of a document. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Document classes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Some of the various classes available. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Typefaces</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">And fonts, such as bold, italics etc. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Layout</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Controlling the page layout. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Sectioning</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to section properly. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Cross references</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Automatic referencing. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Environments</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Such as enumerate & itemize. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Line breaking</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Influencing line breaks. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Page breaking</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Influencing page breaks. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Footnotes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to produce footnotes. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Definitions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define your own commands etc. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Counters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Internal counters used by &latex;. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Lengths</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The length commands. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Making paragraphs</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Paragraph commands. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math formulas</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">How to create mathematical formulas. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Modes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Paragraph, Math or LR modes. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Page styles</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Various styles of page layout. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Spaces</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal and vertical space. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Boxes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Making boxes. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Special insertions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting reserved and special characters. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Splitting the input</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Dealing with big files by splitting. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Front/back matter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Tables of contents, glossaries, indexes. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Letters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The letter class. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Terminal input/output</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">User interaction. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Command line</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">System-independent command-line behavior. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Document templates</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Starter templates for various document classes. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Concept Index</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">General index. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Command Index</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Alphabetical list of &latex; commands. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> </top> -<node name="About-this-document"><nodename>About this document</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Overview</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Top</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>About this document</sectiontitle> +<node name="About-this-document" spaces=" "><nodename>About this document</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Overview</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Top</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>About this document</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">Knuth, Donald E.</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">Lamport, Leslie</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">&latex; Project team</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="1">Knuth, Donald E.</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="2">Lamport, Leslie</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="3">&latex; Project team</indexterm></cindex> <para>The &latex; document preparation system is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth&textrsquo;s &tex; typesetting program. &latex; was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now @@ -146,9 +145,9 @@ maintained by a group of volunteers (<url><urefurl>http://latex-project.org</ure The official documentation written by the &latex; project is available from their web site. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bug reporting</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">reporting bugs</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn"><email><emailaddress>latexrefman-discuss&arobase;gna.org</emailaddress></email> <r>email address</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="4">bug reporting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="5">reporting bugs</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="1"><email><emailaddress>latexrefman-discuss&arobase;gna.org</emailaddress></email> <r>email address</r></indexterm></findex> <para>The present document is completely unofficial and has not been reviewed by the &latex; maintainers. Do not send bug reports or anything else about this document to them. Instead, please send all @@ -162,31 +161,31 @@ infrastructure. <para>Of course, there are many, many other sources of information about &latex;. Here are a few: </para> -<table commandarg="url"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="url">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="url" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="url">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Two pages of recommended references to &latex; documentation. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="url">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="url">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="url">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/usrguide</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="url">http://www.ctan.org/pkg/usrguide</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The guide for document authors maintained as part of &latex;; there are several others. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="url">http://tug.org/begin.html</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="url">http://tug.org/begin.html</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Introduction to the &tex; system, including &latex;. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> </chapter> -<node name="Overview"><nodename>Overview</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Starting & ending</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">About this document</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Overview of &latex;</sectiontitle> +<node name="Overview" spaces=" "><nodename>Overview</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Starting & ending</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">About this document</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Overview of &latex;</sectiontitle> <para>What is &latex;? </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">overview of &latex;</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">basics of &latex;</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">&latex; overview</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="6">overview of &latex;</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="7">basics of &latex;</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="8">&latex; overview</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; typesets a file of text using the &tex; program and the &latex; &textldquo;macro package&textrdquo; for &tex;. That is, it processes an input file containing the text of a document with interspersed commands that @@ -194,14 +193,14 @@ describe how the text should be formatted. &latex; files are plain text that can be written in any reasonable editor. It produces at least three files as output: </para> -<enumerate first="1"> +<enumerate first="1" endspaces=" "> <listitem> <para>The main output file, which is one of: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">.dvi</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">.dvi <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">latex <r>command</r></indexterm></findex> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">.dvi</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="2">.dvi <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="3">latex <r>command</r></indexterm></findex> <para>If invoked as <command>latex</command>, a &textldquo;Device Independent&textrdquo; (<file>.dvi</file>) file is produced. This contains commands that can be translated into commands for virtually any output device. You can view such @@ -209,23 +208,23 @@ commands for virtually any output device. You can view such <command>xdvi</command> (display directly), <command>dvips</command> (convert to PostScript), or <command>dvipdfmx</command> (convert to PDF). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">.pdf</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">.pdf <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">pdf&tex;</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">pdflatex <r>command</r></indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">.pdf</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="4">.pdf <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="9">pdf&tex;</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="5">pdflatex <r>command</r></indexterm></findex> <para>If invoked as <command>pdflatex</command>, a &textldquo;Portable Document Format&textrdquo; (<file>.pdf</file>) file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does make the output much larger than the <file>.dvi</file> produced from the same document. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">lualatex <r>command</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">Lua&tex;</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="6">lualatex <r>command</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="10">Lua&tex;</indexterm></cindex> <para>If invoked as <command>lualatex</command>, a <file>.pdf</file> file is created using the Lua&tex; engine (<url><urefurl>http://luatex.org</urefurl></url>). </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">xelatex <r>command</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">Xe&tex;</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="7">xelatex <r>command</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="11">Xe&tex;</indexterm></cindex> <para>If invoked as <command>xelatex</command>, a <file>.pdf</file> file is created using the Xe&tex; engine (<url><urefurl>http://tug.org/xetex</urefurl></url>). </para> @@ -235,16 +234,16 @@ the Xe&tex; engine (<url><urefurl>http://tug.org/xetex</urefurl></url>). can produce HTML, XML, and other things. </para> </listitem><listitem> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">transcript file</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">log file</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">.log <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="12">transcript file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="13">log file</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="8">.log <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> <para>The &textldquo;transcript&textrdquo; or <file>.log</file> file that contains summary information and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input file. </para> </listitem><listitem> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">auxiliary file</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">.aux <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="14">auxiliary file</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="9">.aux <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> <para>An &textldquo;auxiliary&textrdquo; or <file>.aux</file> file. This is used by &latex; itself, for things such as cross-references. </para></listitem></enumerate> @@ -252,30 +251,30 @@ for things such as cross-references. <para>An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won&textrsquo;t try to list them all. Xxx components? </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\ <r>character starting commands</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">[...] <r>for optional arguments</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">{...} <r>for required arguments</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="10">\ <r>character starting commands</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="11">[...] <r>for optional arguments</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="12">{...} <r>for required arguments</r></indexterm></findex> <para>In the &latex; input file, a command name starts with a <code>\</code>, followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter. Arguments contained in square brackets, <code>[]</code>, are optional while arguments contained in braces, <code>{}</code>, are required. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">case sensitivity of &latex;</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="15">case sensitivity of &latex;</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless explicitly directed to do otherwise. </para> </chapter> -<node name="Starting-_0026-ending"><nodename>Starting & ending</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Document classes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Overview</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Starting & ending</sectiontitle> +<node name="Starting-_0026-ending" spaces=" "><nodename>Starting & ending</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Document classes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Overview</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Starting & ending</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">starting & ending</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ending & starting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="16">starting & ending</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="17">ending & starting</indexterm></cindex> <para>A minimal input file looks like the following: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass{<var>class</var>} \begin{document} <var>your text</var> @@ -284,26 +283,26 @@ explicitly directed to do otherwise. <noindent></noindent> <para>where the <var>class</var> is a valid document class for &latex;. -<xref><xrefnodename>Document classes</xrefnodename></xref>, for details of the various document classes +<xref label="Document-classes"><xrefnodename>Document classes</xrefnodename></xref>, for details of the various document classes available locally. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">preamble, defined</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="18">preamble, defined</indexterm></cindex> <para>You may include other &latex; commands between the <code>\documentclass</code> and the <code>\begin{document}</code> commands (this area is called the <dfn>preamble</dfn>). </para> </chapter> -<node name="Document-classes"><nodename>Document classes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Typefaces</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Starting & ending</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Document classes</sectiontitle> +<node name="Document-classes" spaces=" "><nodename>Document classes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Typefaces</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Starting & ending</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Document classes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">document classes</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">classes of documents</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\documentclass</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="19">document classes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="20">classes of documents</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="13">\documentclass</indexterm></findex> <para>The class of a given document is defined with the command: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass[<var>options</var>]{<var>class</var>} </pre></example> @@ -311,112 +310,112 @@ and the <code>\begin{document}</code> commands (this area is calle <para>The <code>\documentclass</code> command must be the first command in a &latex; source file. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">article <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">report <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">book <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">letter <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">slides <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="14">article <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="15">report <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="16">book <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="17">letter <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="18">slides <r>class</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Built-in &latex; document <var>class</var> names are (many other document -classes are available as add-ons; <pxref><xrefnodename>Overview</xrefnodename></pxref>): +classes are available as add-ons; <pxref label="Overview"><xrefnodename>Overview</xrefnodename></pxref>): </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">article report book letter slides </pre></example> -<!-- xx briefly describe each one --> +<!-- c xx briefly describe each one --> <para>Standard <var>options</var> are described below. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>Document class options</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Global options. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Document class options</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Global options. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="Document-class-options"><nodename>Document class options</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">Document classes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Document class options</sectiontitle> +<node name="Document-class-options" spaces=" "><nodename>Document class options</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">Document classes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Document class options</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">document class options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">options, document class</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">class options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">global options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="21">document class options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="22">options, document class</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="23">class options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="24">global options</indexterm></cindex> <para>You can specify so-called <dfn>global options</dfn> or <dfn>class options</dfn> to the <code>\documentclass</code> command by enclosing them in square brackets as usual. To specify more than one <var>option</var>, separate them with a comma: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\documentclass[<var>option1</var>,<var>option2</var>,...]{<var>class</var>} </pre></example> <para>Here is the list of the standard class options. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">10pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">11pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">12pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="19">10pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="20">11pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="21">12pt <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> <para>All of the standard classes except <code>slides</code> accept the following options for selecting the typeface size (default is <code>10pt</code>): </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">10pt 11pt 12pt </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">a4paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">a5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">b5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">executivepaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">legalpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">letterpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="22">a4paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="23">a5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="24">b5paper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="25">executivepaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="26">legalpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="27">letterpaper <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> <para>All of the standard classes accept these options for selecting the paper size (default is <code>letterpaper</code>): </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">a4paper a5paper b5paper executivepaper legalpaper letterpaper </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">draft <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">final <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">fleqn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">landscape <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">leqno <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">openbib <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">titlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">notitlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="28">draft <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="29">final <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="30">fleqn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="31">landscape <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="32">leqno <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="33">openbib <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="34">titlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="35">notitlepage <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Miscellaneous other options: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">draft, final</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">black boxes, omitting</indexterm></cindex> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">draft, final</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="25">black boxes, omitting</indexterm></cindex> <para>mark/do not mark overfull boxes with a big black box; default is <code>final</code>. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">fleqn</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">fleqn</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">landscape</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">landscape</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Selects landscape format; default is portrait. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">leqno</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">leqno</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the right side. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">openbib</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">openbib</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Use &textldquo;open&textrdquo; bibliography format. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">titlepage, notitlepage</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">titlepage, notitlepage</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Specifies whether the title page is separate; default depends on the class. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> <para>These options are not available with the slides class: </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">onecolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">twocolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">oneside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">twoside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">openright <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">openany <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">onecolumn</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">twocolumn</itemformat></itemx> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="36">onecolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="37">twocolumn <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="38">oneside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="39">twoside <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="40">openright <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="41">openany <r>option</r></indexterm></findex> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">onecolumn</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">twocolumn</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Typeset in one or two columns; default is <code>onecolumn</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">oneside</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">twoside</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\evensidemargin</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\oddsidemargin</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">oneside</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">twoside</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="42">\evensidemargin</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="43">\oddsidemargin</indexterm></findex> <para>Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is <code>oneside</code>, except for the <code>book</code> class. </para> @@ -428,8 +427,8 @@ printing the text is centered, for two-sided, <code>\oddsidemargin</code> is 40% of the difference between <code>\paperwidth</code> and <code>\textwidth</code>, with <code>\evensidemargin</code> the remainder. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">openright</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">openany</itemformat></itemx> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">openright</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">openany</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Determines if a chapter should start on a right-hand page; default is <code>openright</code> for book. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> @@ -438,20 +437,20 @@ right-hand page; default is <code>openright</code> for book. the time at the bottom of each note. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">packages, loading</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">loading additional packages</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\usepackage</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="26">packages, loading</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="27">loading additional packages</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="44">\usepackage</indexterm></findex> <para>Additional packages are loaded like this: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\usepackage[<var>options</var>]{<var>pkg</var>} </pre></example> <para>To specify more than one <var>pkg</var>, you can separate them with a comma, or use multiple <code>\usepackage</code> commands. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">global options</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">options, global</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="28">global options</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="29">options, global</indexterm></cindex> <para>Any options given in the <code>\documentclass</code> command that are unknown by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with <code>\usepackage</code>. @@ -459,28 +458,28 @@ by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with </section> </chapter> -<node name="Typefaces"><nodename>Typefaces</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Layout</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Document classes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Typefaces</sectiontitle> +<node name="Typefaces" spaces=" "><nodename>Typefaces</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Layout</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Document classes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Typefaces</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">typefaces</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">fonts</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="30">typefaces</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="31">fonts</indexterm></cindex> <para>Two important aspects of selecting a <dfn>font</dfn> are specifying a size and a style. The &latex; commands for doing this are described here. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>Font styles</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select roman, italics etc. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Font sizes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select point size. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Low-level font commands</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select encoding, family, series, shape. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Font styles</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select roman, italics etc. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Font sizes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select point size. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Low-level font commands</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Select encoding, family, series, shape. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="Font-styles"><nodename>Font styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Font sizes</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Typefaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Font styles</sectiontitle> +<node name="Font-styles" spaces=" "><nodename>Font styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Font sizes</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Typefaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Font styles</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">font styles</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">typeface styles</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">styles of text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="32">font styles</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="33">typeface styles</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="34">styles of text</indexterm></cindex> <para>The following type style commands are supported by &latex;. </para> @@ -498,182 +497,208 @@ sans serif. instance, <code>\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}</code>. </para> <para>These commands automatically supply an italic correction if the -</para><table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\textrm (\rmfamily)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\textrm</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\rmfamily</indexterm></findex> +</para><table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textrm (\rmfamily)</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="45">\textrm</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="46">\rmfamily</indexterm></findex> <para>Roman. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\textit (\itshape)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\textit</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\itshape</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textit (\itshape)</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="47">\textit</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="48">\itshape</indexterm></findex> <para>Italics. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\emph</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\emph</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">emphasis</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\emph</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="49">\emph</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="35">emphasis</indexterm></cindex> <para>Emphasis (switches between <code>\textit</code> and <code>\textrm</code>). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\textmd (\mdseries)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\textmd</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\mdseries</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textmd (\mdseries)</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="50">\textmd</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="51">\mdseries</indexterm></findex> <para>Medium weight (default). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\textbf (\bfseries)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\textbf</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\bfseries</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textbf (\bfseries)</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="52">\textbf</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="53">\bfseries</indexterm></findex> <para>Boldface. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\textup (\upshape)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\textup</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\upshape</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textup (\upshape)</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="54">\textup</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="55">\upshape</indexterm></findex> <para>Upright (default). The opposite of slanted. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\textsl (\slshape)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\textsl</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\slshape</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textsl (\slshape)</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="56">\textsl</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="57">\slshape</indexterm></findex> <para>Slanted. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\textsf (\sffamily)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\textsf</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\sffamily</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textsf (\sffamily)</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="58">\textsf</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="59">\sffamily</indexterm></findex> <para>Sans serif. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\textsc (\scshape)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\textsc</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\scshape</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textsc (\scshape)</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="60">\textsc</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="61">\scshape</indexterm></findex> <para>Small caps. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\texttt (\ttfamily)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\texttt</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\ttfamily</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\texttt (\ttfamily)</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="62">\texttt</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="63">\ttfamily</indexterm></findex> <para>Typewriter. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\textnormal (\normalfont)</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\textnormal</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\normalfont</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\textnormal (\normalfont)</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="64">\textnormal</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="65">\normalfont</indexterm></findex> <para>Main document font. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\mathrm</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\mathrm</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathrm</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="66">\mathrm</indexterm></findex> <para>Roman, for use in math mode. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\mathbf</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\mathbf</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathbf</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="67">\mathbf</indexterm></findex> <para>Boldface, for use in math mode. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\mathsf</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\mathsf</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathsf</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="68">\mathsf</indexterm></findex> <para>Sans serif, for use in math mode. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\mathtt</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\mathtt</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathtt</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="69">\mathtt</indexterm></findex> <para>Typewriter, for use in math mode. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\mathit</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">(\mit)</itemformat></itemx> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathit</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">(\mit)</itemformat></itemx> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Italics, for use in math mode. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\mathnormal</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\mathnormal</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathnormal</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="70">\mathnormal</indexterm></findex> <para>For use in math mode, e.g. inside another type style declaration. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\mathcal</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\mathcal</indexterm></findex> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\mathcal</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="71">\mathcal</indexterm></findex> <para>&textlsquo;Calligraphic&textrsquo; letters, for use in math mode. -</para></tableitem></tableentry></table> +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry></table> -<para>In addition, the command -<code>\mathversion{bold}</code> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\mathversion</indexterm></findex> -can be used for switching to bold letters and symbols in +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="72">\mathversion</indexterm></findex> +<para>In addition, the command <code>\mathversion{bold}</code> can be used for +switching to bold letters and symbols in formulas. <code>\mathversion{normal}</code> restores the default. </para> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="73">\oldstylenums</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="36">numerals, old-style</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="37">old-style numerals</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="38">lining numerals</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="39"><code>textcomp</code> package</indexterm></cindex> +<para>Finally, the command <code>\oldstylenums{<var>numerals</var>}</code> will +typeset so-called &textldquo;old-style&textrdquo; numerals, which have differing heights +and depths (and sometimes widths) from the standard &textldquo;lining&textrdquo; +numerals. &latex;&textrsquo;s default fonts support this, and will respect +<code>\textbf</code> (but not other styles; there are no italic old-style +numerals in Computer Modern). Many other fonts have old-style +numerals also; sometimes the <code>textcomp</code> package must be loaded, +and sometimes package options are provided to make them the default. +FAQ entry: <url><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf</urefurl></url>. +</para> <para>&latex; also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to the given style, that is, are <emph>not</emph> cumulative. They are used differently than the above commands, too: <code>{\<var>cmd</var> ...}</code> instead of <code>\<var>cmd</var>{...}</code>. These are two very different things. </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bf</indexterm>\bf</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bold font</indexterm></cindex> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="74">\bf</indexterm>\bf</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="40">bold font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Switch to <b>bold face</b>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\cal</indexterm>\cal</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">script letters for math</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">calligraphic letters for math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="75">\cal</indexterm>\cal</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="41">script letters for math</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="42">calligraphic letters for math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Switch to calligraphic letters for math. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\em</indexterm>\em</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">emphasis</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="76">\em</indexterm>\em</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="43">emphasis</indexterm></cindex> <para>Emphasis (italics within roman, roman within italics). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\it</indexterm>\it</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">italic font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="77">\it</indexterm>\it</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="44">italic font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Italics. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rm</indexterm>\rm</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">roman font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="78">\rm</indexterm>\rm</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="45">roman font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Roman. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sc</indexterm>\sc</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">small caps font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="79">\sc</indexterm>\sc</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="46">small caps font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Small caps. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sf</indexterm>\sf</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">sans serif font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="80">\sf</indexterm>\sf</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="47">sans serif font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Sans serif. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sl</indexterm>\sl</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">slanted font</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">oblique font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="81">\sl</indexterm>\sl</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="48">slanted font</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="49">oblique font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Slanted (oblique). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\tt</indexterm>\tt</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">typewriter font</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">monospace font</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">fixed-width font</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="82">\tt</indexterm>\tt</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="50">typewriter font</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="51">monospace font</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="52">fixed-width font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Typewriter (monospace, fixed-width). </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> </section> -<node name="Font-sizes"><nodename>Font sizes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Low-level font commands</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Font styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Typefaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Font sizes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">font sizes</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">typeface sizes</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">sizes of text</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Font-sizes" spaces=" "><nodename>Font sizes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Low-level font commands</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Font styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Typefaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Font sizes</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="53">font sizes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="54">typeface sizes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="55">sizes of text</indexterm></cindex> <para>The following standard type size commands are supported by &latex;. The table shows the command name and the corresponding actual font size used (in points) with the <samp>10pt</samp>, <samp>11pt</samp>, and -<samp>12pt</samp> document size options, respectively (<pxref><xrefnodename>Document class +<samp>12pt</samp> document size options, respectively (<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class options</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\tiny</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\scriptsize</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\footnotesize</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\small</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\normalsize</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\large</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\Large</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\LARGE</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\huge</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\Huge</indexterm></findex> - -<multitable><columnprototypes><columnprototype><code>\normalsize</code> (default)</columnprototype><columnprototype>24.88</columnprototype><columnprototype>24.88</columnprototype><columnprototype>24.88</columnprototype></columnprototypes> -<thead><row><entry command="headitem"><para>Command </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para><code>10pt</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para><code>11pt</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para><code>12pt</code> -</para></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry command="item"><para><code>\tiny</code> -</para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>5 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>6 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>6 -</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item"><para><code>\scriptsize</code> -</para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>7 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>8 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>8 -</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item"><para><code>\footnotesize</code> -</para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>8 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>9 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>10 -</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item"><para><code>\small</code> -</para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>9 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>10 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>10.95 -</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item"><para><code>\normalsize</code> (default) -</para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>10 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>10.95 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>12 -</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item"><para><code>\large</code> -</para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>12 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>12 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>14.4 -</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item"><para><code>\Large</code> -</para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>14.4 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>14.4 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>17.28 -</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item"><para><code>\LARGE</code> -</para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>17.28 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>17.28 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>20.74 -</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item"><para><code>\huge</code> -</para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>20.74 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>20.74 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>24.88 -</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item"><para><code>\Huge</code> -</para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>24.88 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>24.88 </para></entry><entry command="tab"><para>24.88 +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="83">\tiny</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="84">\scriptsize</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="85">\footnotesize</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="86">\small</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="87">\normalsize</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="88">\large</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="89">\Large</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="90">\LARGE</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="91">\huge</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="92">\Huge</indexterm></findex> + +<multitable spaces=" " endspaces=" "><columnprototypes><columnprototype bracketed="on"><code>\normalsize</code> (default)</columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">24.88</columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">24.88</columnprototype> <columnprototype bracketed="on">24.88</columnprototype></columnprototypes> +<thead><row><entry command="headitem" spaces=" "><para>Command </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para><code>10pt</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para><code>11pt</code> </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para><code>12pt</code> +</para></entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry command="item" spaces=" "><para><code>\tiny</code> +</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>5 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>6 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>6 +</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item" spaces=" "><para><code>\scriptsize</code> +</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>7 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>8 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>8 +</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item" spaces=" "><para><code>\footnotesize</code> +</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>8 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>9 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>10 +</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item" spaces=" "><para><code>\small</code> +</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>9 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>10 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>10.95 +</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item" spaces=" "><para><code>\normalsize</code> (default) +</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>10 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>10.95 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>12 +</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item" spaces=" "><para><code>\large</code> +</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>12 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>12 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>14.4 +</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item" spaces=" "><para><code>\Large</code> +</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>14.4 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>14.4 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>17.28 +</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item" spaces=" "><para><code>\LARGE</code> +</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>17.28 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>17.28 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>20.74 +</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item" spaces=" "><para><code>\huge</code> +</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>20.74 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>20.74 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>24.88 +</para></entry></row><row><entry command="item" spaces=" "><para><code>\Huge</code> +</para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>24.88 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>24.88 </para></entry><entry command="tab" spaces=" "><para>24.88 </para></entry></row></tbody></multitable> <para>The commands as listed here are &textldquo;declaration forms&textrdquo;. The scope of @@ -683,73 +708,73 @@ these commands; for instance, <code>\begin{tiny}...\end{tin </para> </section> -<node name="Low_002dlevel-font-commands"><nodename>Low-level font commands</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Font sizes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Typefaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Low-level font commands</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">low-level font commands</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">font commands, low-level</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Low_002dlevel-font-commands" spaces=" "><nodename>Low-level font commands</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Font sizes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Typefaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Low-level font commands</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="56">low-level font commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="57">font commands, low-level</indexterm></cindex> <para>These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and packages. The commands listed here are only a subset of the available ones. </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\fontencoding{enc}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fontencoding</indexterm></findex> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontencoding{enc}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="93">\fontencoding</indexterm></findex> <para>Select font encoding. Valid encodings include <code>OT1</code> and <code>T1</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\fontfamily{family}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fontfamily</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontfamily{family}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="94">\fontfamily</indexterm></findex> <para>Select font family. Valid families include: </para> -<itemize commandarg="bullet"><itemprepend>•</itemprepend> -<listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>cmr</code> for Computer Modern Roman -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>cmss</code> for Computer Modern Sans Serif -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>cmtt</code> for Computer Modern Typewriter +<itemize commandarg="bullet" spaces=" " endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet"/></itemprepend> +<listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>cmr</code> for Computer Modern Roman +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>cmss</code> for Computer Modern Sans Serif +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>cmtt</code> for Computer Modern Typewriter </para></listitem></itemize> <para>and numerous others. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\fontseries{series}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fontseries</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontseries{series}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="95">\fontseries</indexterm></findex> <para>Select font series. Valid series include: </para> -<itemize commandarg="bullet"><itemprepend>•</itemprepend> -<listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>m</code> Medium (normal) -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>b</code> Bold -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>c</code> Condensed -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>bc</code> Bold condensed -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>bx</code> Bold extended +<itemize commandarg="bullet" spaces=" " endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet"/></itemprepend> +<listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>m</code> Medium (normal) +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>b</code> Bold +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>c</code> Condensed +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>bc</code> Bold condensed +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>bx</code> Bold extended </para></listitem></itemize> <para>and various other combinations. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\fontshape{shape}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fontshape</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontshape{shape}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="96">\fontshape</indexterm></findex> <para>Select font shape. Valid shapes are: </para> -<itemize commandarg="bullet"><itemprepend>•</itemprepend> -<listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>n</code> Upright (normal) -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>it</code> Italic -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>sl</code> Slanted (oblique) -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>sc</code> Small caps -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>ui</code> Upright italics -</para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>ol</code> Outline +<itemize commandarg="bullet" spaces=" " endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet"/></itemprepend> +<listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>n</code> Upright (normal) +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>it</code> Italic +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>sl</code> Slanted (oblique) +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>sc</code> Small caps +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>ui</code> Upright italics +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><prepend>•</prepend><para><code>ol</code> Outline </para></listitem></itemize> <para>The two last shapes are not available for most font families. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\fontsize{size}{skip}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fontsize</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\baselineskip</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\fontsize{size}{skip}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="97">\fontsize</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="98">\baselineskip</indexterm></findex> <para>Set font size. The first parameter is the font size to switch to and the second is the line spacing to use; this is stored in a parameter named <code>\baselineskip</code>. The unit of both parameters defaults to pt. The default <code>\baselineskip</code> for the Computer Modern typeface is 1.2 times the <code>\fontsize</code>. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\baselinestretch</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><code>setspace</code> package</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double spacing</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="99">\baselinestretch</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="58"><code>setspace</code> package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="59">double spacing</indexterm></cindex> <para>The line spacing is also multiplied by the value of the <code>\baselinestretch</code> parameter when the type size changes; the default is 1. However, the best way to &textldquo;double space&textrdquo; a document, @@ -757,20 +782,20 @@ if you should be unlucky enough to have to produce such, is to use the <code>setspace</code> package; see <url><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=linespace</urefurl></url>. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\linespread</indexterm></findex> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\linespread{<var>factor</var>}</itemformat></item> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="100">\linespread</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\linespread{<var>factor</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Equivalent to <code>\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{<var>factor</var>}</code>, and therefore must be followed by <code>\selectfont</code> to have any effect. Best specified in the preamble, or use the <code>setspace</code> package, as described just above. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\selectfont</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="101">\selectfont</indexterm></findex> <para>The changes made by calling the font commands described above do not come into effect until <code>\selectfont</code> is called. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\usefont{enc}{family}{series}{shape}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\usefont</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\usefont{enc}{family}{series}{shape}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="102">\usefont</indexterm></findex> <para>The same as invoking <code>\fontencoding</code>, <code>\fontfamily</code>, <code>\fontseries</code> and <code>\fontshape</code> with the given parameters, followed by <code>\selectfont</code>. @@ -780,40 +805,40 @@ followed by <code>\selectfont</code>. </section> </chapter> -<node name="Layout"><nodename>Layout</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Sectioning</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Typefaces</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Layout</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">layout commands</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Layout" spaces=" "><nodename>Layout</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Sectioning</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Typefaces</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Layout</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="60">layout commands</indexterm></cindex> <para>Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\onecolumn</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use one-column layout. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\twocolumn</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use two-column layout. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\flushbottom</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make all text pages the same height. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\raggedbottom</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Allow text pages of differing height. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Page layout parameters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">\headheight \footskip. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\onecolumn</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use one-column layout. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\twocolumn</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use two-column layout. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\flushbottom</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make all text pages the same height. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\raggedbottom</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Allow text pages of differing height. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Page layout parameters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">\headheight \footskip. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005conecolumn"><nodename>\onecolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\twocolumn</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\onecolumn</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\onecolumn</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">one-column output</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005conecolumn" spaces=" "><nodename>\onecolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\twocolumn</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\onecolumn</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="103">\onecolumn</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="61">one-column output</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\onecolumn</code> declaration starts a new page and produces single-column output. This is the default. </para> </section> -<node name="_005ctwocolumn"><nodename>\twocolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\flushbottom</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\onecolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\twocolumn</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\twocolumn</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">multicolumn text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">two-column output</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005ctwocolumn" spaces=" "><nodename>\twocolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\flushbottom</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\onecolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\twocolumn</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="104">\twocolumn</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="62">multicolumn text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="63">two-column output</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\twocolumn[<var>text1col</var>] </pre></example> @@ -824,14 +849,14 @@ starts. </para> <para>These parameters control typesetting in two-column output: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="105">\columnsep</indexterm>\columnsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The distance between columns (35pt by default). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\columnseprule</indexterm>\columnseprule</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="106">\columnseprule</indexterm>\columnseprule</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The width of the rule between columns; the default is 0pt, so there is no rule. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\columnwidth</indexterm>\columnwidth</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="107">\columnwidth</indexterm>\columnwidth</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The width of the current column; this is equal to <code>\textwidth</code> in single-column text. </para> @@ -839,22 +864,22 @@ single-column text. <para>These parameters control float behavior in two-column output: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\dbltopfraction</indexterm>\dbltopfraction</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="108">\dbltopfraction</indexterm>\dbltopfraction</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Maximum fraction at the top of a two-column page that may be occupied by floats. Default <samp>.7</samp>, can be usefully redefined to (say) <samp>.9</samp> to avoid going to float pages so soon. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\dblfloatpagefraction</indexterm>\dblfloatpagefraction</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="109">\dblfloatpagefraction</indexterm>\dblfloatpagefraction</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by floats, for a two-column float page. Default <samp>.5</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\dblfloatsep</indexterm>\dblfloatsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="110">\dblfloatsep</indexterm>\dblfloatsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Distance between floats at the top or bottom of a two-column float page. Default <samp>12pt plus2pt minus2pt</samp> for <samp>10pt</samp> and <samp>11pt</samp> documents, <samp>14pt plus2pt minus4pt</samp> for <samp>12pt</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\dbltextfloatsep</indexterm>\dbltextfloatsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="111">\dbltextfloatsep</indexterm>\dbltextfloatsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Distance between a multi-column float at the top or bottom of a page and the main text. Default <samp>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</samp>. </para> @@ -862,24 +887,24 @@ and the main text. Default <samp>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</samp>. </section> -<node name="_005cflushbottom"><nodename>\flushbottom</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\raggedbottom</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\twocolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\flushbottom</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005cflushbottom" spaces=" "><nodename>\flushbottom</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\raggedbottom</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\twocolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\flushbottom</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\flushbottom</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="112">\flushbottom</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\flushbottom</code> declaration makes all text pages the same height, adding extra vertical space where necessary to fill out the page. </para> <para>This is the default if <code>twocolumn</code> mode is selected -(<pxref><xrefnodename>Document class options</xrefnodename></pxref>). +(<pxref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class options</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> </section> -<node name="_005craggedbottom"><nodename>\raggedbottom</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page layout parameters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\flushbottom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\raggedbottom</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\raggedbottom</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">stretch, omitting vertical</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005craggedbottom" spaces=" "><nodename>\raggedbottom</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page layout parameters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\flushbottom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedbottom</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="113">\raggedbottom</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="64">stretch, omitting vertical</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\raggedbottom</code> declaration makes all pages the natural height of the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be @@ -887,42 +912,42 @@ stretched. </para> </section> -<node name="Page-layout-parameters"><nodename>Page layout parameters</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\raggedbottom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Page layout parameters</sectiontitle> +<node name="Page-layout-parameters" spaces=" "><nodename>Page layout parameters</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\raggedbottom</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Layout</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page layout parameters</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">page layout parameters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">parameters, page layout</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">layout, page parameters for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">header, parameters for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">footer, parameters for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">running header and footer</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="65">page layout parameters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="66">parameters, page layout</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="67">layout, page parameters for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="68">header, parameters for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="69">footer, parameters for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="70">running header and footer</indexterm></cindex> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\headheight</indexterm>\headheight</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="114">\headheight</indexterm>\headheight</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Height of the box that contains the running head. Default is <samp>30pt</samp>, except in the <code>book</code> class, where it varies with the type size. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\headsep</indexterm>\headsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="115">\headsep</indexterm>\headsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Vertical distance between the bottom of the header line and the top of the main text. Default is <samp>25pt</samp>, except in the <code>book</code> class, where it varies with the type size. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\footskip</indexterm>\footskip</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="116">\footskip</indexterm>\footskip</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Distance from the baseline of the last line of text to the baseline of the page footer. Default is <samp>30pt</samp>, except in the <code>book</code> class, where it varies with the type size. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\linewidth</indexterm>\linewidth</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="117">\linewidth</indexterm>\linewidth</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Width of the current line, decreased for each nested <code>list</code> -(<pxref><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></pxref>). Specifically, it is smaller than <code>\textwidth</code> by +(<pxref label="list"><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></pxref>). Specifically, it is smaller than <code>\textwidth</code> by the sum of <code>\leftmargin</code> and <code>\rightmargin</code> -(<pxref><xrefnodename>itemize</xrefnodename></pxref>). The default varies with the font size, paper +(<pxref label="itemize"><xrefnodename>itemize</xrefnodename></pxref>). The default varies with the font size, paper width, two-column mode, etc. For an <code>article</code> document in <samp>10pt</samp>, it&textrsquo;s set to <samp>345pt</samp>; in two-column mode, that becomes <samp>229.5pt</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textheight</indexterm>\textheight</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="118">\textheight</indexterm>\textheight</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The normal vertical height of the page body; the default varies with the font size, document class, etc. For an <code>article</code> or <code>report</code> document in <samp>10pt</samp>, it&textrsquo;s set to @@ -930,7 +955,7 @@ the font size, document class, etc. For an <code>article</code> or For <samp>11pt</samp>, it&textrsquo;s <samp>38\baselineskip</samp> and for <samp>12pt</samp>, <samp>36\baselineskip</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textwidth</indexterm>\textwidth</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="119">\textwidth</indexterm>\textwidth</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The full horizontal width of the entire page body; the default varies as usual. For an <code>article</code> or <code>report</code> document, it&textrsquo;s <samp>345pt</samp> at <samp>10pt</samp>, <samp>360pt</samp> at <samp>11pt</samp>, and @@ -940,30 +965,30 @@ as usual. For an <code>article</code> or <code>report</code> document, it&textr </para> <para>In multi-column output, <code>\textwidth</code> remains the width of the entire page body, while <code>\columnwidth</code> is the width of one column -(<pxref><xrefnodename>\twocolumn</xrefnodename></pxref>). +(<pxref label="_005ctwocolumn"><xrefnodename>\twocolumn</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<para>In lists (<pxref><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></pxref>), <code>\textwidth</code> remains the width of the +<para>In lists (<pxref label="list"><xrefnodename>list</xrefnodename></pxref>), <code>\textwidth</code> remains the width of the entire page body (and <code>\columnwidth</code> the width of the entire column), while <code>\linewidth</code> may decrease for nested lists. </para> -<para>Inside a minipage (<pxref><xrefnodename>minipage</xrefnodename></pxref>) or <code>\parbox</code> -(<pxref><xrefnodename>\parbox</xrefnodename></pxref>), all the width-related parameters are set to the +<para>Inside a minipage (<pxref label="minipage"><xrefnodename>minipage</xrefnodename></pxref>) or <code>\parbox</code> +(<pxref label="_005cparbox"><xrefnodename>\parbox</xrefnodename></pxref>), all the width-related parameters are set to the specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of the <code>minipage</code> or <code>\parbox</code>. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\hsize</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="120">\hsize</indexterm></findex> <para>For completeness: <code>\hsize</code> is the &tex; primitive parameter used when text is broken into lines. It should not be used in normal &latex; documents. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\topmargin</indexterm>\topmargin</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="121">\topmargin</indexterm>\topmargin</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Space between the top of the &tex; page (one inch from the top of the paper, by default) and the top of the header. The default is computed based on many other parameters: <code>\paperheight − 2in − \headheight − \headsep − \textheight − \footskip</code>, and then divided by two. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\topskip</indexterm>\topskip</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="122">\topskip</indexterm>\topskip</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Minimum distance between the top of the page body and the baseline of the first line of text. For the standard clases, the default is the same as the font size, e.g., <samp>10pt</samp> at <samp>10pt</samp>. @@ -973,33 +998,33 @@ same as the font size, e.g., <samp>10pt</samp> at <samp>10pt</samp>. </section> </chapter> -<node name="Sectioning"><nodename>Sectioning</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Cross references</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Layout</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Sectioning</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">sectioning</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Sectioning" spaces=" "><nodename>Sectioning</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Cross references</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Layout</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Sectioning</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="71">sectioning</indexterm></cindex> <para>Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\part</indexterm>\part</itemformat></item> -</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\chapter</indexterm>\chapter</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="123">\part</indexterm>\part</itemformat></item> +</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="124">\chapter</indexterm>\chapter</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>(report and book class only) -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\section</indexterm>\section</itemformat></item> -</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\subsection</indexterm>\subsection</itemformat></item> -</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\subsubsection</indexterm>\subsubsection</itemformat></item> -</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\paragraph</indexterm>\paragraph</itemformat></item> -</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\subparagraph</indexterm>\subparagraph</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="125">\section</indexterm>\section</itemformat></item> +</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="126">\subsection</indexterm>\subsection</itemformat></item> +</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="127">\subsubsection</indexterm>\subsubsection</itemformat></item> +</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="128">\paragraph</indexterm>\paragraph</itemformat></item> +</tableterm></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="129">\subparagraph</indexterm>\subparagraph</itemformat></item> </tableterm></tableentry></ftable> <para>All sectioning commands take the same general form, e.g., </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\chapter[<var>toctitle</var>]{<var>title</var>} </pre></example> <para>In addition to providing the heading <var>title</var> in the main text, the section title can appear in two other places: </para> -<enumerate first="1"> +<enumerate first="1" endspaces=" "> <listitem> <para>The table of contents. </para></listitem><listitem> @@ -1011,65 +1036,65 @@ To handle this, the sectioning commands have an optional argument <var>toctitle</var> that, when given, specifies the text for these other places. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">*-form of sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="72">*-form of sectioning commands</indexterm></cindex> <para>Also, all sectioning commands have <code>*</code>-forms that print <var>title</var> as usual, but do not include a number and do not make an entry in the table of contents. For instance: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\section*{Preamble} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\appendix</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">appendix, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="130">\appendix</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="73">appendix, creating</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\appendix</code> command changes the way following sectional units are numbered. The <code>\appendix</code> command itself generates no text and does not affect the numbering of parts. The normal use of this command is something like </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\chapter{A Chapter} &dots; \appendix \chapter{The First Appendix} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">secnumdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">section numbers, printing</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="131">secnumdepth <r>counter</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="74">section numbers, printing</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>secnumdepth</code> counter controls printing of section numbers. The setting </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\setcounter{secnumdepth}{<var>level</var>} </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> <para>suppresses heading numbers at any depth <math>> <var>level</var></math>, where -<code>chapter</code> is level zero. (<xref><xrefnodename>\setcounter</xrefnodename></xref>.) +<code>chapter</code> is level zero. (<xref label="_005csetcounter"><xrefnodename>\setcounter</xrefnodename></xref>.) </para> </chapter> -<node name="Cross-references"><nodename>Cross references</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Environments</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Cross references</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">cross references</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Cross-references" spaces=" "><nodename>Cross references</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Environments</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Sectioning</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Cross references</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="75">cross references</indexterm></cindex> <para>One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer the reader to them, as in &textldquo;See Figure 3 for more details.&textrdquo; </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\label</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Assign a symbolic name to a piece of text. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\pageref</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a page number. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\ref</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a section, figure or similar. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\label</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Assign a symbolic name to a piece of text. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\pageref</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a page number. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\ref</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a section, figure or similar. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005clabel"><nodename>\label</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pageref</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\label</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\label</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005clabel" spaces=" "><nodename>\label</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pageref</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\label</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="132">\label</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\label{<var>key</var>} </pre></example> @@ -1084,16 +1109,16 @@ punctuation characters. Upper and lowercase letters are distinguished. common to use labels consisting of a prefix and a suffix separated by a colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">ch</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">ch</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>for chapters -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">sec</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">sec</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>for lower-level sectioning commands -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">fig</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">fig</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>for figures -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">tab</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">tab</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>for tables -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">eq</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">eq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>for equations </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> @@ -1102,15 +1127,15 @@ a colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes: </para> </section> -<node name="_005cpageref"><nodename>\pageref</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ref</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\label</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\pageref{<var>key</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\pageref</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">cross referencing with page number</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">page number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cpageref" spaces=" "><nodename>\pageref</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ref</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\label</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pageref{<var>key</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="133">\pageref</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="76">cross referencing with page number</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="77">page number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\pageref{<var>key</var>} </pre></example> @@ -1120,85 +1145,85 @@ the place in the text where the corresponding </para> </section> -<node name="_005cref"><nodename>\ref</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\pageref</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\ref{<var>key</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\ref</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">cross referencing, symbolic</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">section number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">equation number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">figure number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">footnote number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cref" spaces=" "><nodename>\ref</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\pageref</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Cross references</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ref{<var>key</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="134">\ref</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="78">cross referencing, symbolic</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="79">section number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="80">equation number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="81">figure number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="82">footnote number, cross referencing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\ref{<var>key</var>} </pre></example> <para>The <code>\ref</code> command produces the number of the sectional unit, equation, footnote, figure, &dots;, of the corresponding -<code>\label</code> command (<pxref><xrefnodename>\label</xrefnodename></pxref>). It does not produce any text, +<code>\label</code> command (<pxref label="_005clabel"><xrefnodename>\label</xrefnodename></pxref>). It does not produce any text, such as the word &textlsquo;Section&textrsquo; or &textlsquo;Figure&textrsquo;, just the bare number itself. </para> </section> </chapter> -<node name="Environments"><nodename>Environments</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Line breaking</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Cross references</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Environments</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">environments</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Environments" spaces=" "><nodename>Environments</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Line breaking</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Cross references</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Environments</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="83">environments</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\begin</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\end</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="135">\begin</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="136">\end</indexterm></findex> <para>&latex; provides many environments for marking off certain text. Each environment begins and ends in the same manner: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{<var>envname</var>} ... \end{<var>envname</var>} </pre></example> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>abstract</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Produce an abstract. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>array</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Math arrays. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>center</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Centered lines. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>description</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Labelled lists. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>displaymath</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Formulas that appear on their own line. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>document</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Enclose the whole document. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>enumerate</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Numbered lists. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>eqnarray</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sequences of aligned equations. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>equation</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Displayed equation. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>figure</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Floating figures. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>flushleft</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Flushed left lines. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>flushright</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Flushed right lines. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>itemize</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bulleted lists. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>letter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Letters. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>list</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generic list environment. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>math</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">In-line math. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>minipage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Miniature page. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>picture</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Picture with text, arrows, lines and circles. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>quotation</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Indented environment with paragraph indentation. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>quote</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Indented environment with no paragraph indentation. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>tabbing</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Align text arbitrarily. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>table</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Floating tables. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>tabular</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Align text in columns. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>thebibliography</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bibliography or reference list. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>theorem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Theorems, lemmas, etc. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>titlepage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">For hand crafted title pages. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>verbatim</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Simulating typed input. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>verse</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">For poetry and other things. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">abstract</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Produce an abstract. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">array</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Math arrays. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">center</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Centered lines. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">description</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Labelled lists. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">displaymath</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Formulas that appear on their own line. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">document</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Enclose the whole document. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">enumerate</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Numbered lists. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">eqnarray</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Sequences of aligned equations. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">equation</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Displayed equation. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">figure</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Floating figures. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">flushleft</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Flushed left lines. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">flushright</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Flushed right lines. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">itemize</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bulleted lists. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">letter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Letters. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">list</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generic list environment. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">math</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">In-line math. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">minipage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Miniature page. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">picture</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Picture with text, arrows, lines and circles. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">quotation</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Indented environment with paragraph indentation. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">quote</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Indented environment with no paragraph indentation. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">tabbing</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Align text arbitrarily. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">table</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Floating tables. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">tabular</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Align text in columns. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">thebibliography</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Bibliography or reference list. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">theorem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Theorems, lemmas, etc. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">titlepage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">For hand crafted title pages. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">verbatim</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Simulating typed input. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">verse</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">For poetry and other things. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="abstract"><nodename>abstract</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">array</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>abstract</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="abstract" spaces=" "><nodename>abstract</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">array</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>abstract</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">abstract <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">abstracts</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="137">abstract <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="84">abstracts</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: -</para><example> +</para><example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{abstract} ... \end{abstract} @@ -1208,14 +1233,14 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner: </para> </section> -<node name="array"><nodename>array</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">center</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">abstract</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>array</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">array <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">arrays, math</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="array" spaces=" "><nodename>array</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">center</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">abstract</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>array</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="138">array <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="85">arrays, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{array}{<var>template</var>} <var>col1 text</var>&<var>col1 text</var>&<var>coln</var>}\\ ... @@ -1223,33 +1248,33 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner: </pre></example> <para>Math arrays are produced with the <code>array</code> environment, normally -within an <code>equation</code> environment (<pxref><xrefnodename>equation</xrefnodename></pxref>). It has a +within an <code>equation</code> environment (<pxref label="equation"><xrefnodename>equation</xrefnodename></pxref>). It has a single mandatory <var>template</var> argument describing the number of columns and the alignment within them. Each column <var>col</var> is specified by a single letter that tells how items in that row should be formatted, as follows: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">c</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">c</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>centered -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>flush left -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>flush right </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ (for <code>array</code>)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="139">\\ (for <code>array</code>)</indexterm></findex> <para>Column entries are separated by <code>&</code>. Column entries may include other &latex; commands. Each row of the array is terminated with <code>\\</code>. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">&arobase;{...}</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="140">&arobase;{...}</indexterm></findex> <para>In the template, the construct <code>&arobase;{<var>text</var>}</code> puts <var>text</var> between columns in each row. </para> <para>Here&textrsquo;s an example: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{equation} \begin{array}{lrc} left1 & right1 & centered1 \\ @@ -1258,9 +1283,9 @@ between columns in each row. \end{equation} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\arraycolsep</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="141">\arraycolsep</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\arraycolsep</code> parameter defines half the width of the space -separating columns; the default is <samp>5pt</samp>. <xref><xrefnodename>tabular</xrefnodename></xref>, for other +separating columns; the default is <samp>5pt</samp>. <xref label="tabular"><xrefnodename>tabular</xrefnodename></xref>, for other parameters which affect formatting in <code>array</code> environments, namely <code>\arrayrulewidth</code> and <code>\arraystretch</code>. </para> @@ -1268,37 +1293,37 @@ namely <code>\arrayrulewidth</code> and <code>\arraystretch</code>. </para> </section> -<node name="center"><nodename>center</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">description</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">array</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>center</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="center" spaces=" "><nodename>center</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">description</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">array</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>center</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">center <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">centering text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="142">center <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="86">centering text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{center} <var>line1</var> \\ <var>line2</var> \\ \end{center} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ (for <code>center</code>)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="143">\\ (for <code>center</code>)</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>center</code> environment allows you to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are centered within the left and right margins on the current page. Each line is terminated with the string <code>\\</code>. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\centering</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>center</code> environment. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\centering</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>center</code> environment. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005ccentering"><nodename>\centering</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">center</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\centering</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005ccentering" spaces=" "><nodename>\centering</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">center</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\centering</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\centering</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">centering text, declaration for</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="144">\centering</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="87">centering text, declaration for</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\centering</code> declaration corresponds to the <code>center</code> environment. This declaration can be used inside an environment such @@ -1314,7 +1339,7 @@ an environment such as quote) that ends the paragraph unit. </para> <para>Here&textrsquo;s an example: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{quote} \centering first line \\ @@ -1325,16 +1350,16 @@ second line \\ </subsection> </section> -<node name="description"><nodename>description</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">displaymath</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">center</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>description</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="description" spaces=" "><nodename>description</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">displaymath</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">center</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>description</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">description <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">labelled lists, creating</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">description lists, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="145">description <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="88">labelled lists, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="89">description lists, creating</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{description} \item [<var>label1</var>] <var>item1</var> \item [<var>label2</var>] <var>item2</var> @@ -1342,13 +1367,13 @@ second line \\ \end{description} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\item</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="146">\item</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>description</code> environment is used to make labelled lists. Each <var>label</var> is typeset in bold, flush right. The <var>item</var> text may contain multiple paragraphs. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bold typewriter, avoiding</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">typewriter labels in lists</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="90">bold typewriter, avoiding</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="91">typewriter labels in lists</indexterm></cindex> <para>Another variation: since the bold style is applied to the labels, if you typeset a label in typewriter using <code>\texttt</code>, you&textrsquo;ll get bold typewriter: <code>\item[\texttt{bold and typewriter}]</code>. This @@ -1356,58 +1381,58 @@ may be too bold, among other issues. To get just typewriter, use <code>\tt</code>, which resets all other style variations: <code>\item[{\tt plain typewriter}]</code>. </para> -<para>For details about list spacing, see <ref><xrefnodename>itemize</xrefnodename></ref>. +<para>For details about list spacing, see <ref label="itemize"><xrefnodename>itemize</xrefnodename></ref>. </para> </section> -<node name="displaymath"><nodename>displaymath</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">document</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">description</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>displaymath</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="displaymath" spaces=" "><nodename>displaymath</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">document</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">description</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>displaymath</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">displaymath <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="147">displaymath <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{displaymath} <var>math</var> \end{displaymath} </pre></example> -<noindent></noindent><para>or +<noindent></noindent> <para>or </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\[<var>math</var>\] </pre></example> <para>The <code>displaymath</code> environment (<code>\[...\]</code> is a synonym) typesets the <var>math</var> text on its own line, centered by default. The global <code>fleqn</code> option makes equations flush left; see -<ref><xrefnodename>Document class options</xrefnodename></ref>. +<ref label="Document-class-options"><xrefnodename>Document class options</xrefnodename></ref>. </para> <para>No equation number is added to <code>displaymath</code> text; to get an -equation number, use the <code>equation</code> environment (<pxref><xrefnodename>equation</xrefnodename></pxref>). +equation number, use the <code>equation</code> environment (<pxref label="equation"><xrefnodename>equation</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> </section> -<node name="document"><nodename>document</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">enumerate</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">displaymath</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>document</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="document" spaces=" "><nodename>document</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">enumerate</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">displaymath</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>document</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">document <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="148">document <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>document</code> environment encloses the body of a document. -It is required in every &latex; document. <xref><xrefnodename>Starting & ending</xrefnodename></xref>. +It is required in every &latex; document. <xref label="Starting-_0026-ending"><xrefnodename>Starting & ending</xrefnodename></xref>. </para> </section> -<node name="enumerate"><nodename>enumerate</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">eqnarray</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">document</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>enumerate</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="enumerate" spaces=" "><nodename>enumerate</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">eqnarray</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">document</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>enumerate</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">enumerate <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lists of items, numbered</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="149">enumerate <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="92">lists of items, numbered</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{enumerate} \item <var>item1</var> \item <var>item2</var> @@ -1418,59 +1443,59 @@ It is required in every &latex; document. <xref><xrefnodename>Starting & en <para>The <code>enumerate</code> environment produces a numbered list. Enumerations can be nested within one another, up to four levels deep. They can also be nested within other paragraph-making environments, such as -<code>itemize</code> (<pxref><xrefnodename>itemize</xrefnodename></pxref>) and <code>description</code> -(<pxref><xrefnodename>description</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<code>itemize</code> (<pxref label="itemize"><xrefnodename>itemize</xrefnodename></pxref>) and <code>description</code> +(<pxref label="description"><xrefnodename>description</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\item</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="150">\item</indexterm></findex> <para>Each item of an enumerated list begins with an <code>\item</code> command. There must be at least one <code>\item</code> command within the environment. </para> <para>By default, the numbering at each level is done like this: </para> -<enumerate first="1"> -<listitem><para>1., 2., &dots; -</para></listitem><listitem><para>(a), (b), &dots; -</para></listitem><listitem><para>i., ii., &dots; -</para></listitem><listitem><para>A., B., &dots; +<enumerate first="1" endspaces=" "> +<listitem spaces=" "><para>1., 2., &dots; +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><para>(a), (b), &dots; +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><para>i., ii., &dots; +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><para>A., B., &dots; </para></listitem></enumerate> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\enumi</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\enumii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\enumiii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\enumiv</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="151">\enumi</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="152">\enumii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="153">\enumiii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="154">\enumiv</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>enumerate</code> environment uses the counters <code>\enumi</code> -through <code>\enumiv</code> counters (<pxref><xrefnodename>Counters</xrefnodename></pxref>). If the optional +through <code>\enumiv</code> counters (<pxref label="Counters"><xrefnodename>Counters</xrefnodename></pxref>). If the optional argument to <code>\item</code> is given, the counter is not incremented for that item. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\labelenumi</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\labelenumii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\labelenumiii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\labelenumiv</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="155">\labelenumi</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="156">\labelenumii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="157">\labelenumiii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="158">\labelenumiv</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>enumerate</code> environment uses the commands <code>\labelenumi</code> through <code>\labelenumiv</code> to produce the default label. So, you can -use <code>\renewcommand</code> to change the labels (<pxref><xrefnodename>\newcommand & +use <code>\renewcommand</code> to change the labels (<pxref label="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><xrefnodename>\newcommand & \renewcommand</xrefnodename></pxref>). For instance, to have the first level use uppercase letters: </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\Alph <r>example</r></indexterm></findex> -<example> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="159">\Alph <r>example</r></indexterm></findex> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\Alph{enumi}} </pre></example> </section> -<node name="eqnarray"><nodename>eqnarray</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">equation</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">enumerate</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>eqnarray</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="eqnarray" spaces=" "><nodename>eqnarray</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">equation</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">enumerate</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>eqnarray</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">eqnarray <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">equations, aligning</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">aligning equations</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="160">eqnarray <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="93">equations, aligning</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="94">aligning equations</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">align <r>environment, from <code>amsmath</code></r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">amsmath <r>package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></r></indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">Madsen, Lars</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="95">align <r>environment, from <code>amsmath</code></r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="96">amsmath <r>package, replacing <code>eqnarray</code></r></indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="97">Madsen, Lars</indexterm></cindex> <para>First, a caveat: the <code>eqnarray</code> environment has some infelicities which cannot be overcome; the article &textldquo;Avoid eqnarray!&textrdquo;&noeos; by Lars Madsen describes them in detail @@ -1480,7 +1505,7 @@ others) from the <code>amsmath</code> package. </para> <para>Nevertheless, here is a description of <code>eqnarray</code>: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{eqnarray} <r>(or <code>eqnarray*</code>)</r> <var>formula1</var> \\ <var>formula2</var> \\ @@ -1488,59 +1513,59 @@ others) from the <code>amsmath</code> package. \end{eqnarray} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ (for <code>eqnarray</code>)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="161">\\ (for <code>eqnarray</code>)</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>eqnarray</code> environment is used to display a sequence of equations or inequalities. It is very much like a three-column <code>array</code> environment, with consecutive rows separated by <code>\\</code> and consecutive items within a row separated by an <code>&</code>. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\* (for <code>eqnarray</code>)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="162">\\* (for <code>eqnarray</code>)</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\\*</code> can also be used to separate equations, with its normal meaning of not allowing a page break at that line. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\nonumber</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">equation numbers, omitting</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="163">\nonumber</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="98">equation numbers, omitting</indexterm></cindex> <para>An equation number is placed on every line unless that line has a <code>\nonumber</code> command. Alternatively, The <code>*</code>-form of the environment (<code>\begin{eqnarray*} ... \end{eqnarray*}</code>) will omit equation numbering entirely, while otherwise being the same as <code>eqnarray</code>. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\lefteqn</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="164">\lefteqn</indexterm></findex> <para>The command <code>\lefteqn</code> is used for splitting long formulas across lines. It typesets its argument in display style flush left in a box of zero width. </para> </section> -<node name="equation"><nodename>equation</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">figure</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">eqnarray</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>equation</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="equation" spaces=" "><nodename>equation</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">figure</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">eqnarray</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>equation</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">equation <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">equations, environment for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">formulas, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="165">equation <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="99">equations, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="100">formulas, environment for</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{equation} <var>math</var> \end{equation} </pre></example> <para>The <code>equation</code> environment starts a <code>displaymath</code> -environment (<pxref><xrefnodename>displaymath</xrefnodename></pxref>), e.g., centering the <var>math</var> text +environment (<pxref label="displaymath"><xrefnodename>displaymath</xrefnodename></pxref>), e.g., centering the <var>math</var> text on the page, and also places an equation number in the right margin. </para> </section> -<node name="figure"><nodename>figure</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">flushleft</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">equation</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>figure</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">figure</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">inserting figures</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">figures, inserting</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="figure" spaces=" "><nodename>figure</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">flushleft</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">equation</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>figure</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="166">figure</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="101">inserting figures</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="102">figures, inserting</indexterm></cindex> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{figure[*]}[<var>placement</var>] <var>figbody</var> \label{<var>label}</var> @@ -1555,41 +1580,41 @@ Figures will not be split between two pages. <para>When typesetting in double-columns, the starred form produces a full-width figure (across both columns). </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">placement of floats</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">specifier, float placement</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="103">placement of floats</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="104">specifier, float placement</indexterm></cindex> <para>The optional argument <code>[placement]</code> determines where &latex; will try to place your figure. There are four places where &latex; can possibly put a float: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>(Top)&textmdash;at the top of a text page. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>(Bottom)&textmdash;at the bottom of a text page. However, <code>b</code> is not allowed for full-width floats (<code>figure*</code>) with double-column output. To ameliorate this, use the <code>stfloats</code> or <code>dblfloatfix</code> package, but see the discussion at caveats in the FAQ: <url><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat</urefurl></url>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">h</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><code>float</code> package</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">h</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="105"><code>float</code> package</indexterm></cindex> <para>(Here)&textmdash;at the position in the text where the figure environment appears. However, this is not allowed by itself; <code>t</code> is automatically added. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">here, putting floats</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><code>float</code> package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="106">here, putting floats</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="107"><code>float</code> package</indexterm></cindex> <para>To absolutely force a figure to appear &textldquo;here&textrdquo;, you can <code>\usepackage{float}</code> and use the <code>H</code> specifier which it defines. For further discussion, see the FAQ entry at <url><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=figurehere</urefurl></url>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">p</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">p</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>(Page of floats)&textmdash;on a separate float page, which is a page containing no text, only floats. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">!</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">!</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Used in addition to one of the above; for this float only, &latex; ignores the restrictions on both the number of floats that can appear and the relative amounts of float and non-float text on the page. @@ -1604,63 +1629,63 @@ see above. <para>The body of the figure is made up of whatever text, &latex; commands, etc.&noeos; you wish. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\caption</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="167">\caption</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\caption</code> command specifies caption <var>text</var> for the figure. The caption is numbered by default. If <var>loftitle</var> is present, it is used in the list of figures instead of <var>text</var> -(<pxref><xrefnodename>Tables of contents</xrefnodename></pxref>). +(<pxref label="Tables-of-contents"><xrefnodename>Tables of contents</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <para>Parameters relating to fractions of pages occupied by float and non-float text: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<beforefirstitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\bottomfraction</indexterm></findex> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<beforefirstitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="168">\bottomfraction</indexterm></findex> <para>The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occuped by floats at the bottom; default <samp>.3</samp>. </para> -</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\floatpagefraction</indexterm>\floatpagefraction</itemformat></item> +</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="169">\floatpagefraction</indexterm>\floatpagefraction</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by floats; default <samp>.5</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textfraction</indexterm>\textfraction</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="170">\textfraction</indexterm>\textfraction</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Minimum fraction of a page that must be text; if floats take up too much space to preserve this much text, floats will be moved to a different page. The default is <samp>.2</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\topfraction</indexterm>\topfraction</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="171">\topfraction</indexterm>\topfraction</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Maximum fraction at the top of a page that may be occupied before floats; default <samp>.7</samp>. </para></tableitem></tableentry></ftable> <para>Parameters relating to vertical space around floats: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\floatsep</indexterm>\floatsep</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="172">\floatsep</indexterm>\floatsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Space between floats at the top or bottom of a page; default <samp>12pt plus2pt minus2pt</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\intextsep</indexterm>\intextsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="173">\intextsep</indexterm>\intextsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Space above and below a float in the middle of the main text; default <samp>12pt plus2pt minus2pt</samp> for <samp>10pt</samp> and <samp>11pt</samp> styles, <samp>14pt plus4pt minus4pt</samp> for <samp>12pt</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textfloatsep</indexterm>\textfloatsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="174">\textfloatsep</indexterm>\textfloatsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Space between the last (first) float at the top (bottom) of a page; default <samp>20pt plus2pt minus4pt</samp>. </para></tableitem></tableentry></ftable> <para>Parameters relating to the number of floats on a page: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bottomnumber</indexterm>\bottomnumber</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="175">\bottomnumber</indexterm>\bottomnumber</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Maximum number of floats that can appear at the bottom of a text page; default 1. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\topnumber</indexterm>\topnumber</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="176">\topnumber</indexterm>\topnumber</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Maximum number of floats that can appear at the top of a text page; default 2. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\totalnumber</indexterm>\totalnumber</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="177">\totalnumber</indexterm>\totalnumber</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Maximum number of floats that can appear on a text page; default 3. </para></tableitem></tableentry></ftable> @@ -1669,13 +1694,13 @@ default 2. </para> </section> -<node name="flushleft"><nodename>flushleft</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">flushright</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">figure</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>flushleft</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">flushleft <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">left-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ragged right text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="flushleft" spaces=" "><nodename>flushleft</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">flushright</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">figure</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>flushleft</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="178">flushleft <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="108">left-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="109">ragged right text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{flushleft} <var>line1</var> \\ <var>line2</var> \\ @@ -1683,22 +1708,22 @@ default 2. \end{flushleft} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>for <code>flushleft</code></r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="179">\\ <r>for <code>flushleft</code></r></indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>flushleft</code> environment allows you to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are flush to the left-hand margin and ragged right Each line must be terminated with the string <code>\\</code>. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\raggedright</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>flushleft</code> environment. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\raggedright</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>flushleft</code> environment. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005craggedright"><nodename>\raggedright</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">flushleft</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\raggedright</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\raggedright</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ragged right text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">left-justifying text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">justification, ragged right</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005craggedright" spaces=" "><nodename>\raggedright</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">flushleft</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedright</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="180">\raggedright</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="110">ragged right text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="111">left-justifying text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="112">justification, ragged right</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\raggedright</code> declaration corresponds to the <code>flushleft</code> environment. This declaration can be used inside an @@ -1713,13 +1738,13 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit. </subsection> </section> -<node name="flushright"><nodename>flushright</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">itemize</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">flushleft</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>flushright</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">flushright <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ragged left text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">right-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="flushright" spaces=" "><nodename>flushright</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">itemize</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">flushleft</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>flushright</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="181">flushright <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="113">ragged left text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="114">right-justifying text, environment for</indexterm></cindex> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{flushright} <var>line1</var> \\ <var>line2</var> \\ @@ -1727,22 +1752,22 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit. \end{flushright} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ (for <code>flushright</code>)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="182">\\ (for <code>flushright</code>)</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>flushright</code> environment allows you to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are flush to the right-hand margin and ragged left. Each line must be terminated with the string <code>\\</code>. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\raggedleft</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>flushright</code> environment. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\raggedleft</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Declaration form of the <code>flushright</code> environment. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005craggedleft"><nodename>\raggedleft</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">flushright</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\raggedleft</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\raggedleft</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ragged left text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">justification, ragged left</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">right-justifying text</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005craggedleft" spaces=" "><nodename>\raggedleft</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">flushright</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raggedleft</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="183">\raggedleft</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="115">ragged left text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="116">justification, ragged left</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="117">right-justifying text</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\raggedleft</code> declaration corresponds to the <code>flushright</code> environment. This declaration can be used inside an @@ -1757,17 +1782,17 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit. </subsection> </section> -<node name="itemize"><nodename>itemize</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">letter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">flushright</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>itemize</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">itemize <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\item</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lists of items</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">unordered lists</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bulleted lists</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="itemize" spaces=" "><nodename>itemize</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">letter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">flushright</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>itemize</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="184">itemize <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="185">\item</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="118">lists of items</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="119">unordered lists</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="120">bulleted lists</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{itemize} \item <var>item1</var> \item <var>item2</var> @@ -1778,40 +1803,40 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit. <para>The <code>itemize</code> environment produces an &textldquo;unordered&textrdquo;, &textldquo;bulleted&textrdquo; list. Itemizations can be nested within one another, up to four levels deep. They can also be nested within other paragraph-making -environments, such as <code>enumerate</code> (<pxref><xrefnodename>enumerate</xrefnodename></pxref>). +environments, such as <code>enumerate</code> (<pxref label="enumerate"><xrefnodename>enumerate</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <para>Each item of an <code>itemize</code> list begins with an <code>\item</code> command. There must be at least one <code>\item</code> command within the environment. </para> <para>By default, the marks at each level look like this: </para> -<enumerate first="1"> -<listitem><para>• (bullet) -</para></listitem><listitem><para><b>-<w>-</w></b> (bold en-dash) -</para></listitem><listitem><para>* (asterisk) -</para></listitem><listitem><para>. (centered dot, rendered here as a period) +<enumerate first="1" endspaces=" "> +<listitem spaces=" "><para>• (bullet) +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><para><b>-<w>-</w></b> (bold en-dash) +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><para>* (asterisk) +</para></listitem><listitem spaces=" "><para>. (centered dot, rendered here as a period) </para></listitem></enumerate> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\labelitemi</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\labelitemii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\labelitemiii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\labelitemiv</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="186">\labelitemi</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="187">\labelitemii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="188">\labelitemiii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="189">\labelitemiv</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>itemize</code> environment uses the commands <code>\labelitemi</code> through <code>\labelitemiv</code> to produce the default label. So, you can use <code>\renewcommand</code> to change the labels. For instance, to have the first level use diamonds: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\diamond$} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\leftmargin</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\leftmargini</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\leftmarginii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\leftmarginiii</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\leftmarginiv</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\leftmarginv</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\leftmarginvi</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="190">\leftmargin</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="191">\leftmargini</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="192">\leftmarginii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="193">\leftmarginiii</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="194">\leftmarginiv</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="195">\leftmarginv</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="196">\leftmarginvi</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\leftmargini</code> through <code>\leftmarginvi</code> parameters define the distance between the left margin of the enclosing environment and the left margin of the list. By convention, <code>\leftmargin</code> is set @@ -1822,28 +1847,28 @@ nesting is entered. <samp>2.5em</samp> (first level), and are a bit reduced in two-column mode. This example greatly reduces the margin space for outermost lists: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\setlength{\leftmargini}{1.25em} % default 2.5em </pre></example> -<!-- xx should be in its own generic section --> +<!-- c xx should be in its own generic section --> <para>Some parameters that affect list formatting: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\itemindent</indexterm>\itemindent</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="197">\itemindent</indexterm>\itemindent</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Extra indentation before each item in a list; default zero. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\labelsep</indexterm>\labelsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="198">\labelsep</indexterm>\labelsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Space between the label and text of an item; default <samp>.5em</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\labelwidth</indexterm>\labelwidth</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="199">\labelwidth</indexterm>\labelwidth</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Width of the label; default <samp>2em</samp>, or <samp>1.5em</samp> in two-column mode. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\listparindent</indexterm>\listparindent</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="200">\listparindent</indexterm>\listparindent</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Extra indentation added to second and subsequent paragraphs within a list item; default <samp>0pt</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rightmargin</indexterm>\rightmargin</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="201">\rightmargin</indexterm>\rightmargin</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Horizontal distance between the right margin of the list and the enclosing environment; default <samp>0pt</samp>, except in the <code>quote</code>, <code>quotation</code>, and <code>verse</code> environments, where it is set equal @@ -1854,24 +1879,24 @@ to <code>\leftmargin</code>. <para>Parameters affecting vertical spacing between list items (rather loose, by default). </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\itemsep</indexterm>\itemsep</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="202">\itemsep</indexterm>\itemsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Vertical space between items. The default is <code>2pt plus1pt minus1pt</code> for <code>10pt</code> documents, <code>3pt plus2pt minus1pt</code> for <code>11pt</code>, and <code>4.5pt plus2pt minus1pt</code> for <code>12pt</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\parsep</indexterm>\parsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="203">\parsep</indexterm>\parsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Extra vertical space between paragraphs within a list item. Defaults are the same as <code>\itemsep</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\topsep</indexterm>\topsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="204">\topsep</indexterm>\topsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph. For top-level lists, the default is <code>8pt plus2pt minus4pt</code> for <code>10pt</code> documents, <code>9pt plus3pt minus5pt</code> for <code>11pt</code>, and <code>10pt plus4pt minus6pt</code> for <code>12pt</code>. These are reduced for nested lists. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\partopsep</indexterm>\partopsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="205">\partopsep</indexterm>\partopsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Extra space added to <code>\topsep</code> when the list environment starts a paragraph. The default is <code>2pt plus1pt minus1pt</code> for <code>10pt</code> documents, <code>3pt plus1pt minus1pt</code> for <code>11pt</code>, and <code>3pt @@ -1879,14 +1904,14 @@ plus2pt minus2pt</code> for <code>12pt</code>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\parskip <r>example</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="206">\parskip <r>example</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Especially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide space between items. Here is an example defining an <code>itemize*</code> environment with no extra spacing between items, or between paragraphs within a single item (<code>\parskip</code> is not list-specific, -<pxref><xrefnodename>\parskip</xrefnodename></pxref>): +<pxref label="_005cparskip"><xrefnodename>\parskip</xrefnodename></pxref>): </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\newenvironment{itemize*}% {\begin{itemize}% \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}% @@ -1897,24 +1922,24 @@ within a single item (<code>\parskip</code> is not list-specific, </section> -<node name="letter"><nodename>letter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">list</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">itemize</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">letter</indexterm></findex> +<node name="letter" spaces=" "><nodename>letter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">list</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">itemize</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>letter</code> environment: writing letters</sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="207">letter</indexterm></findex> -<para>This environment is used for creating letters. <xref><xrefnodename>Letters</xrefnodename></xref>. +<para>This environment is used for creating letters. <xref label="Letters"><xrefnodename>Letters</xrefnodename></xref>. </para> </section> -<node name="list"><nodename>list</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">math</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">letter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>list</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">list</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lists of items, generic</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="list" spaces=" "><nodename>list</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">math</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">letter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>list</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="208">list</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="121">lists of items, generic</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>list</code> environment is a generic environment which is used for defining many of the more specific environments. It is seldom used in documents, but often in macros. </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{list}{<var>labeling</var>}{<var>spacing</var>} \item <var>item1</var> \item <var>item2</var> @@ -1932,19 +1957,19 @@ spacing parameters for the list. This argument will most often be empty, i.e., <code>{}</code>, which leaves the default spacing. </para> <para>The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by -<code>\linewidth</code> (<pxref><xrefnodename>Page layout parameters</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<code>\linewidth</code> (<pxref label="Page-layout-parameters"><xrefnodename>Page layout parameters</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> </section> -<node name="math"><nodename>math</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">minipage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">list</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>math</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="math" spaces=" "><nodename>math</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">minipage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">list</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>math</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">math <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">in-line formulas</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="209">math <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="122">in-line formulas</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{math} <var>math</var> \end{math} @@ -1952,17 +1977,17 @@ empty, i.e., <code>{}</code>, which leaves the default spacing. <para>The <code>math</code> environment inserts the given <var>math</var> within the running text. <code>\(...\))</code> and <code>$...$</code> are synonyms. -<xref><xrefnodename>Math formulas</xrefnodename></xref>. +<xref label="Math-formulas"><xrefnodename>Math formulas</xrefnodename></xref>. </para> </section> -<node name="minipage"><nodename>minipage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">picture</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">math</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>minipage</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="minipage" spaces=" "><nodename>minipage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">picture</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">math</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>minipage</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">minipage <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">minipage, creating a</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="210">minipage <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="123">minipage, creating a</indexterm></cindex> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{minipage}[<var>position</var>][<var>height</var>][<var>inner-pos</var>]{<var>width</var>} <var>text</var> \end{minipage} @@ -1970,47 +1995,47 @@ running text. <code>\(...\))</code> and <code>$...$</code> are synonyms. <para>The <code>minipage</code> environment typesets its body <var>text</var> in a block that will not be broken across pages. This is similar to the -<code>\parbox</code> command (<pxref><xrefnodename>\parbox</xrefnodename></pxref>), but unlike <code>\parbox</code>, +<code>\parbox</code> command (<pxref label="_005cparbox"><xrefnodename>\parbox</xrefnodename></pxref>), but unlike <code>\parbox</code>, other paragraph-making environments can be used inside a minipage. </para> -<!-- (xxref positions) --> -<para>The arguments are the same as for <code>\parbox</code> (<pxref><xrefnodename>\parbox</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<!-- c (xxref positions) --> +<para>The arguments are the same as for <code>\parbox</code> (<pxref label="_005cparbox"><xrefnodename>\parbox</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">paragraph indentation, in minipage</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\parindent</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="124">indentation of paragraphs, in minipage</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="125">paragraph indentation, in minipage</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="211">\parindent</indexterm></findex> <para>By default, paragraphs are not indented in the <code>minipage</code> environment. You can restore indentation with a command such as <code>\setlength{\parindent}{1pc}</code> command. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">footnotes in figures</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">figures, footnotes in</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="126">footnotes in figures</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="127">figures, footnotes in</indexterm></cindex> <para>Footnotes in a <code>minipage</code> environment are handled in a way that is particularly useful for putting footnotes in figures or tables. A <code>\footnote</code> or <code>\footnotetext</code> command puts the footnote at the bottom of the minipage instead of at the bottom of the page, and it uses the <code>\mpfootnote</code> counter instead of the ordinary -<code>footnote</code> counter (<pxref><xrefnodename>Counters</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<code>footnote</code> counter (<pxref label="Counters"><xrefnodename>Counters</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <para>However, don&textrsquo;t put one minipage inside another if you are using footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage. </para> </section> -<node name="picture"><nodename>picture</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">quotation</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">minipage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>picture</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="picture" spaces=" "><nodename>picture</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">quotation</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">minipage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>picture</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">picture</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">creating pictures</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">pictures, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="212">picture</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="128">creating pictures</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="129">pictures, creating</indexterm></cindex> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{picture}(width,height)(x offset,y offset) &dots; <var>picture commands</var> &dots; \end{picture} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\unitlength</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="213">\unitlength</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>picture</code> environment allows you to create just about any kind of picture you want containing text, lines, arrows and circles. You tell &latex; where to put things in the picture by specifying @@ -2019,9 +2044,11 @@ point and a minus sign&textmdash;a number like <code>5</code>, <code>0.3</code> <code>-3.1416</code>. A coordinate specifies a length in multiples of the unit length <code>\unitlength</code>, so if <code>\unitlength</code> has been set to <code>1cm</code>, then the coordinate 2.54 specifies a length of 2.54 -centimeters. You should only change the value of <code>\unitlength</code>, -using the <code>\setlength</code> command, outside of a <code>picture</code> -environment. +centimeters. +</para> +<para>You should only change the value of <code>\unitlength</code>, using the +<code>\setlength</code> command, outside of a <code>picture</code> environment. +The default value is <code>1pt</code>. </para> <para>A position is a pair of coordinates, such as <code>(2.4,-5)</code>, specifying the point with x-coordinate <code>2.4</code> and y-coordinate <code>-5</code>. @@ -2043,11 +2070,11 @@ coordinates of the point at the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin). For example, if <code>\unitlength</code> has been set to <code>1mm</code>, the command </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) </pre></example> -<noindent></noindent><para>produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 +<noindent></noindent> <para>produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first draw a picture, you typically omit the optional argument, leaving the @@ -2064,45 +2091,45 @@ how much room to leave for it. <para>Everything that appears in a picture is drawn by the <code>\put</code> command. The command </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\put (11.3,-.3){...} </pre></example> -<noindent></noindent><para>puts the object specified by <code>...</code> in the +<noindent></noindent> <para>puts the object specified by <code>...</code> in the picture, with its reference point at coordinates <math>(11.3,-.3)</math>. The reference points for various objects will be described below. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">lR box</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="214">lR box</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\put</code> command creates an <dfn>LR box</dfn>. You can put anything -that can go in an <code>\mbox</code> (<pxref><xrefnodename>\mbox</xrefnodename></pxref>) in the text argument of +that can go in an <code>\mbox</code> (<pxref label="_005cmbox"><xrefnodename>\mbox</xrefnodename></pxref>) in the text argument of the <code>\put</code> command. When you do this, the reference point will be the lower left corner of the box. </para> <para>The <code>picture</code> commands are described in the following sections. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\circle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a circle. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\makebox (picture)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a box of the specified size. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\framebox (picture)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a box with a frame around it. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\dashbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a dashed box. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\frame</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a frame around an object. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\line</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a straight line. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\linethickness</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the line thickness. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\thicklines</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">A heavier line thickness. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\thinlines</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The default line thickness. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\multiput</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw multiple instances of an object. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\oval</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw an ellipse. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\put</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Place an object at a specified place. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\shortstack</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make a pile of objects. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\vector</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a line with an arrow. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\circle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a circle. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\makebox (picture)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a box of the specified size. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\framebox (picture)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a box with a frame around it. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\dashbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a dashed box. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\frame</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a frame around an object. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\line</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a straight line. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\linethickness</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the line thickness. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\thicklines</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">A heavier line thickness. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\thinlines</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The default line thickness. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\multiput</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw multiple instances of an object. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\oval</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw an ellipse. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\put</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Place an object at a specified place. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\shortstack</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make a pile of objects. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\vector</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a line with an arrow. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005ccircle"><nodename>\circle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makebox (picture)</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\circle</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\circle</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005ccircle" spaces=" "><nodename>\circle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makebox (picture)</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\circle</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="215">\circle</indexterm></findex> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\circle[*]{<var>diameter</var>} </pre></example> @@ -2114,9 +2141,9 @@ draws a solid circle. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029"><nodename>\makebox (picture)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\framebox (picture)</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\circle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\makebox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\makebox (picture)</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029" spaces=" "><nodename>\makebox (picture)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\framebox (picture)</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\circle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\makebox</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="216">\makebox (picture)</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}</code> </para> @@ -2127,32 +2154,32 @@ the normal <code>\makebox</code> command except that you must specify a <para>The optional argument, <code>[position]</code>, specifies the quadrant that your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves the item to the top of the rectangle. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves the item to the bottom. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves the item to the left. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves the item to the right. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></table> -<para><xref><xrefnodename>\makebox</xrefnodename></xref>. +<para><xref label="_005cmakebox"><xrefnodename>\makebox</xrefnodename></xref>. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029"><nodename>\framebox (picture)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\dashbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makebox (picture)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\framebox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\framebox</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029" spaces=" "><nodename>\framebox (picture)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\dashbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makebox (picture)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\framebox</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="217">\framebox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\framebox(<var>width</var>,<var>height</var>)[<var>pos</var>]{...} </pre></example> @@ -2160,42 +2187,42 @@ your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: section), except that it puts a frame around the outside of the box that it creates. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fboxrule</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fboxsep</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="218">\fboxrule</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="219">\fboxsep</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\framebox</code> command produces a rule of thickness <code>\fboxrule</code>, and leaves a space <code>\fboxsep</code> between the rule and the contents of the box. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cdashbox"><nodename>\dashbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\frame</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\framebox (picture)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\dashbox</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005cdashbox" spaces=" "><nodename>\dashbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\frame</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\framebox (picture)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\dashbox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\dashbox</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="220">\dashbox</indexterm></findex> <para>Draws a box with a dashed line. Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\dashbox{<var>dlen</var>}(<var>rwidth</var>,<var>rheight</var>)[<var>pos</var>]{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> <para><code>\dashbox</code> creates a dashed rectangle around <var>text</var> in a <code>picture</code> environment. Dashes are <var>dlen</var> units long, and the rectangle has overall width <var>rwidth</var> and height <var>rheight</var>. -The <var>text</var> is positioned at optional <var>pos</var>. <!-- xxref positions. --> +The <var>text</var> is positioned at optional <var>pos</var>. <!-- c xxref positions. --> </para> <para>A dashed box looks best when the <code>rwidth</code> and <code>rheight</code> are multiples of the <code>dlen</code>. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cframe"><nodename>\frame</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\line</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\dashbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\frame</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\frame</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cframe" spaces=" "><nodename>\frame</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\line</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\dashbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\frame</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="221">\frame</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\frame{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> @@ -2205,13 +2232,13 @@ space is put between the frame and the object. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cline"><nodename>\line</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\linethickness</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\frame</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\line</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\line</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cline" spaces=" "><nodename>\line</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\linethickness</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\frame</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\line</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="222">\line</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\line(<var>xslope</var>,<var>yslope</var>){<var>length</var>} </pre></example> @@ -2225,9 +2252,9 @@ see the <code>curve2e</code> and many many other packages on CTAN. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005clinethickness"><nodename>\linethickness</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thicklines</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\line</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\linethickness</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\linethickness</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005clinethickness" spaces=" "><nodename>\linethickness</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thicklines</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\line</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\linethickness</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="223">\linethickness</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\linethickness{<var>dim</var>}</code> command declares the thickness of horizontal and vertical lines in a picture environment to be @@ -2238,32 +2265,32 @@ circles, or the quarter circles drawn by <code>\oval</code>. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cthicklines"><nodename>\thicklines</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thinlines</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\linethickness</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\thicklines</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\thicklines</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cthicklines" spaces=" "><nodename>\thicklines</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thinlines</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\linethickness</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thicklines</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="224">\thicklines</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\thicklines</code> command is an alternate line thickness for horizontal and vertical lines in a picture environment; -cf. <ref><xrefnodename>\linethickness</xrefnodename></ref> and <ref><xrefnodename>\thinlines</xrefnodename></ref>. +cf. <ref label="_005clinethickness"><xrefnodename>\linethickness</xrefnodename></ref> and <ref label="_005cthinlines"><xrefnodename>\thinlines</xrefnodename></ref>. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cthinlines"><nodename>\thinlines</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\multiput</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thicklines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\thinlines</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\thinlines</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cthinlines" spaces=" "><nodename>\thinlines</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\multiput</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thicklines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thinlines</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="225">\thinlines</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\thinlines</code> command is the default line thickness for horizontal and vertical lines in a picture environment; -cf. <ref><xrefnodename>\linethickness</xrefnodename></ref> and <ref><xrefnodename>\thicklines</xrefnodename></ref>. +cf. <ref label="_005clinethickness"><xrefnodename>\linethickness</xrefnodename></ref> and <ref label="_005cthicklines"><xrefnodename>\thicklines</xrefnodename></ref>. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cmultiput"><nodename>\multiput</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\oval</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thinlines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\multiput</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\multiput</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cmultiput" spaces=" "><nodename>\multiput</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\oval</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thinlines</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\multiput</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="226">\multiput</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: -</para><example> +</para><example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\multiput(<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>)(<var>delta_x</var>,<var>delta_y</var>){<var>n</var>}{<var>obj</var>} </pre></example> @@ -2274,13 +2301,13 @@ pattern across a picture. <var>obj</var> is first placed at position </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005coval"><nodename>\oval</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\put</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\multiput</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\oval</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\oval</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005coval" spaces=" "><nodename>\oval</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\put</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\multiput</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\oval</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="227">\oval</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\oval(<var>width</var>,<var>height</var>)[<var>portion</var>] </pre></example> @@ -2288,14 +2315,14 @@ pattern across a picture. <var>obj</var> is first placed at position The optional argument <var>portion</var> allows you to select part of the oval via the following: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>selects the top portion; -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>selects the bottom portion; -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>selects the right portion; -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>selects the left portion. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> @@ -2305,10 +2332,10 @@ boxes with rounded corners. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cput"><nodename>\put</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\shortstack</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\oval</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\put</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005cput" spaces=" "><nodename>\put</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\shortstack</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\oval</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\put</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\put</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="228">\put</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\put(x coord,y coord){ ... }</code> </para> @@ -2317,40 +2344,40 @@ argument at the given coordinates. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cshortstack"><nodename>\shortstack</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vector</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\put</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\shortstack</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\shortstack</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cshortstack" spaces=" "><nodename>\shortstack</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vector</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\put</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\shortstack</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="229">\shortstack</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\shortstack[<var>position</var>]{...\\...\\...} </pre></example> <para>The <code>\shortstack</code> command produces a stack of objects. The valid positions are: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Move the objects to the right of the stack. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Move the objects to the left of the stack -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">c</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">c</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Move the objects to the centre of the stack (default) </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>(for <code>\shortstack</code> objects)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="230">\\ <r>(for <code>\shortstack</code> objects)</r></indexterm></findex> <para>Objects are separated with <code>\\</code>. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cvector"><nodename>\vector</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\shortstack</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\vector</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\vector</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cvector" spaces=" "><nodename>\vector</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\shortstack</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">picture</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vector</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="231">\vector</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\vector(<var>x-slope</var>,<var>y-slope</var>){<var>length</var>} </pre></example> @@ -2361,17 +2388,17 @@ length and slope. The <math>x</math> and <math>y</math> values must lie between </subsection> </section> -<node name="quotation"><nodename>quotation</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">quote</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">picture</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>quotation</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="quotation" spaces=" "><nodename>quotation</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">quote</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">picture</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>quotation</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">quotation</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">paragraph indentations in quoted text</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="232">quotation</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="130">quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="131">displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="132">paragraph indentations in quoted text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{quotation} <var>text</var> \end{quotation} @@ -2386,17 +2413,17 @@ normally. </para> </section> -<node name="quote"><nodename>quote</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">tabbing</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">quotation</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>quote</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="quote" spaces=" "><nodename>quote</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">tabbing</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">quotation</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>quote</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">quote</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="233">quote</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="133">quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="134">displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="135">paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting</indexterm></cindex> <para>Snyopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{quote} <var>text</var> \end{quote} @@ -2410,17 +2437,17 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph. </para> </section> -<node name="tabbing"><nodename>tabbing</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">table</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">quote</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>tabbing</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="tabbing" spaces=" "><nodename>tabbing</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">table</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">quote</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>tabbing</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">tabbing <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">tab stops, using</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lining text up using tab stops</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">alignment via tabbing</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="234">tabbing <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="136">tab stops, using</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="137">lining text up using tab stops</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="138">alignment via tabbing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabbing} <var>row1col1</var> \= <var>row1col2</var> \= <var>row1col3</var> \= <var>row1col4</var> \\ <var>row2col1</var> \> \> <var>row2col3</var> \\ @@ -2438,38 +2465,38 @@ environment. </para> <para>The following commands can be used inside a <code>tabbing</code> enviroment: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="235">\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\\ <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>End a line. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\= <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\= <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="236">\= <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\= <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets a tab stop at the current position. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\> <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\> <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\></indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="237">\> <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\> <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="238">\></indexterm></findex> <para>Advances to the next tab stop. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\<</indexterm>\<</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="239">\<</indexterm>\<</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Put following text to the left of the local margin (without changing the margin). Can only be used at the start of the line. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\+</indexterm>\+</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="240">\+</indexterm>\+</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves the left margin of the next and all the following commands one tab stop to the right, beginning tabbed line if necessary. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\-</indexterm>\-</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="241">\-</indexterm>\-</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves the left margin of the next and all the following commands one tab stop to the left, beginning tabbed line if necessary. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\&textrsquo; <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\' <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="242">\&textrsquo; <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\' <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Moves everything that you have typed so far in the current column, i.e. everything from the most recent <code>\></code>, <code>\<</code>, <code>\'</code>, <code>\\</code>, or <code>\kill</code> command, to the right of the previous column, flush against the current column&textrsquo;s tab stop. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\&textlsquo; <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\` <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="243">\&textlsquo; <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\` <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Allows you to put text flush right against any tab stop, including tab stop 0. However, it can&textrsquo;t move text to the right of the last column because there&textrsquo;s no tab stop there. The <code>\`</code> command moves all the @@ -2478,36 +2505,36 @@ command that ends the line, to the right margin of the tabbing environment. There must be no <code>\></code> or <code>\'</code> command between the <code>\`</code> and the command that ends the line. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\a <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\a <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\a&textrsquo; <r>(acute accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\a&textlsquo; <r>(grave accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\a= <r>(macron accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="244">\a <r>(tabbing)</r></indexterm>\a <r>(tabbing)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="245">\a&textrsquo; <r>(acute accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="246">\a&textlsquo; <r>(grave accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="247">\a= <r>(macron accent in tabbing)</r></indexterm></findex> <para>In a <code>tabbing</code> environment, the commands <code>\=</code>, <code>\'</code> and -<code>\`</code> do not produce accents as usual (<pxref><xrefnodename>Accents</xrefnodename></pxref>). Instead, +<code>\`</code> do not produce accents as usual (<pxref label="Accents"><xrefnodename>Accents</xrefnodename></pxref>). Instead, the commands <code>\a=</code>, <code>\a'</code> and <code>\a`</code> are used. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\kill</indexterm>\kill</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="248">\kill</indexterm>\kill</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets tab stops without producing text. Works just like <code>\\</code> except that it throws away the current line instead of producing output for it. The effect of any <code>\=</code>, <code>\+</code> or <code>\-</code> commands in that line remain in effect. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\poptabs</indexterm>\poptabs</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\poptabs</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="249">\poptabs</indexterm>\poptabs</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="250">\poptabs</indexterm></findex> <para>Restores the tab stop positions saved by the last <code>\pushtabs</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\pushtabs</indexterm>\pushtabs</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="251">\pushtabs</indexterm>\pushtabs</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Saves all current tab stop positions. Useful for temporarily changing tab stop positions in the middle of a <code>tabbing</code> environment. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\tabbingsep</indexterm>\tabbingsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="252">\tabbingsep</indexterm>\tabbingsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Distance to left of tab stop moved by <code>\'</code>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> <para>This example typesets a Pascal function in a traditional format: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabbing} function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\ \> begin \= \+ \\ @@ -2521,16 +2548,16 @@ function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\ </section> -<node name="table"><nodename>table</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">tabular</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">tabbing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>table</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="table" spaces=" "><nodename>table</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">tabular</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">tabbing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>table</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">table</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">tables, creating</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">creating tables</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="253">table</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="139">tables, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="140">creating tables</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve"> \begin{table}[placement] body of the table @@ -2546,7 +2573,7 @@ Tables will not be split between two pages. <para>The optional argument <code>[placement]</code> determines where &latex; will try to place your table. There are four places where &latex; can possibly put a float; these are the same as that used with the <code>figure</code> -environment, and described there (<pxref><xrefnodename>figure</xrefnodename></pxref>). +environment, and described there (<pxref label="figure"><xrefnodename>figure</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <para>The standard <code>report</code> and <code>article</code> classes use the default placement <code>[tbp]</code>. @@ -2556,15 +2583,15 @@ you wish. The <code>\caption</code> command allows you to title your table. </para> </section> -<node name="tabular"><nodename>tabular</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">thebibliography</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">table</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>tabular</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">tabular <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lines in tables</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lining text up in tables</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="tabular" spaces=" "><nodename>tabular</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">thebibliography</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">table</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>tabular</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="254">tabular <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="141">lines in tables</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="142">lining text up in tables</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabular}[pos]{cols} column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\ ... @@ -2574,7 +2601,7 @@ column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\ <noindent></noindent> <para>or </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabular*}{width}[pos]{cols} column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\ ... @@ -2584,50 +2611,50 @@ column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\ <para>These environments produce a box consisting of a sequence of rows of items, aligned vertically in columns. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>for <code>tabular</code></r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="255">\\ <r>for <code>tabular</code></r></indexterm></findex> <para><code>\\</code> must be used to specify the end of each row of the table, except for the last, where it is optional&textmdash;unless an <code>\hline</code> command (to put a rule below the table) follows. </para> <para>The mandatory and optional arguments consist of: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">width</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">width</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Specifies the width of the <code>tabular*</code> environment. There must be rubber space between columns that can stretch to fill out the specified width. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">pos</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">pos</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Specifies the vertical position; default is alignment on the centre of the environment. </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>align on top row </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>align on bottom row </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">cols</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">cols</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Specifies the column formatting. It consists of a sequence of the following specifiers, corresponding to the sequence of columns and intercolumn material. </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>A column of left-aligned items. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>A column of right-aligned items. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">c</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">c</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>A column of centered items. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">|</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">|</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">&arobase;{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">&arobase;{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>This inserts <var>text</var> in every row. An &arobase;-expression suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any desired space before the adjacent item must be included in <var>text</var>. @@ -2635,9 +2662,9 @@ before the adjacent item must be included in <var>text</var>. <para>To insert commands that are automatically executed before a given column, you have to load the <code>array</code> package and use the <code>>{...}</code> specifier. -<!-- xx should fully explain array, tabularx, and all other base packages... --> +<!-- c xx should fully explain array, tabularx, and all other base packages... --> </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\extracolsep</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="256">\extracolsep</indexterm></findex> <para>An <code>\extracolsep{wd}</code> command in an &arobase;-expression causes an extra space of width <code>wd</code> to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by another <code>\extracolsep</code> command. @@ -2645,13 +2672,13 @@ Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not suppressed by an &arobase;-expression. An <code>\extracolsep</code> command can be used only in an &arobase;-expression in the <code>cols</code> argument. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">p{<var>wd</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">p{<var>wd</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of width <var>wd</var>, as if it were the argument of a <code>\parbox[t]{<var>wd</var>}</code> command. However, a <code>\\</code> may not appear in the item, except in the following situations: </para> -<enumerate first="1"> +<enumerate first="1" endspaces=" "> <listitem> <para>inside an environment like <code>minipage</code>, <code>array</code>, or <code>tabular</code>. </para></listitem><listitem> @@ -2662,7 +2689,7 @@ declaration. The latter declarations must appear inside braces or an environment when used in a <code>p</code>-column element. </para></listitem></enumerate> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">*{<var>num</var>}{<var>cols</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">*{<var>num</var>}{<var>cols</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Equivalent to <var>num</var> copies of <var>cols</var>, where <var>num</var> is a positive integer and <var>cols</var> is any list of column-specifiers, which may contain another <code>*-expression</code>. @@ -2671,23 +2698,23 @@ which may contain another <code>*-expression</code>. </tableitem></tableentry></table> <para>Parameters that control formatting: -<!-- xx defaults, own node (xref from array)? --> +<!-- c xx defaults, own node (xref from array)? --> </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\arrayrulewidth</indexterm>\arrayrulewidth</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="257">\arrayrulewidth</indexterm>\arrayrulewidth</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Thickness of the rule created by <code>|</code>, <code>\hline</code>, and <code>\vline</code> in the <code>tabular</code> and <code>array</code> environments; the default is <samp>.4pt</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\arraystretch</indexterm>\arraystretch</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="258">\arraystretch</indexterm>\arraystretch</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Scaling of spacing between rows in the <code>tabular</code> and <code>array</code> environments; default is <samp>1</samp>, for no scaling. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\doublerulesep</indexterm>\doublerulesep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="259">\doublerulesep</indexterm>\doublerulesep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Horizontal distance between the vertical rules produced by <code>||</code> in the <code>tabular</code> and <code>array</code> environments; default is <samp>2pt</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\tabcolsep</indexterm>\tabcolsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="260">\tabcolsep</indexterm>\tabcolsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Half the width of the space between columns; default is <samp>6pt</samp>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> @@ -2695,20 +2722,20 @@ in the <code>tabular</code> and <code>array</code> environments; default is <sam <para>The following commands can be used inside a <code>tabular</code> environment: </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\multicolumn</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make an item spanning several columns. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\cline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a horizontal line spanning some columns. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\hline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a horizontal line spanning all columns. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\vline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a vertical line. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\multicolumn</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make an item spanning several columns. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\cline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a horizontal line spanning some columns. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a horizontal line spanning all columns. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\vline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Draw a vertical line. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005cmulticolumn"><nodename>\multicolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cline</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\multicolumn</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\multicolumn</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cmulticolumn" spaces=" "><nodename>\multicolumn</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cline</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\multicolumn</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="261">\multicolumn</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: -</para><example> +</para><example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\multicolumn{<var>cols</var>}{<var>pos</var>}{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> @@ -2722,7 +2749,7 @@ for flushleft, <code>r</code> for flushright. The third mandatory argument, <para>Here&textrsquo;s an example showing two columns separated by an en-dash; <code>\multicolumn</code> is used for the heading: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{tabular}{r&arobase;{--}l} \multicolumn{2}{c}{\bf Unicode}\cr 0x80&0x7FF \cr @@ -2733,13 +2760,13 @@ for flushleft, <code>r</code> for flushright. The third mandatory argument, </subsection> -<node name="_005ccline"><nodename>\cline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\multicolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\cline</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\cline</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005ccline" spaces=" "><nodename>\cline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\multicolumn</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cline</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="262">\cline</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\cline{<var>i</var>-<var>j</var>} </pre></example> @@ -2749,9 +2776,9 @@ which are specified in the mandatory argument. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005chline"><nodename>\hline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\hline</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\hline</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005chline" spaces=" "><nodename>\hline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hline</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="263">\hline</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\hline</code> command draws a horizontal line the width of the enclosing <code>tabular</code> or <code>array</code> environment. It&textrsquo;s most @@ -2760,9 +2787,9 @@ of a table. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cvline"><nodename>\vline</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\hline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\vline</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\vline</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cvline" spaces=" "><nodename>\vline</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\hline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">tabular</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vline</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="264">\vline</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\vline</code> command will draw a vertical line extending the full height and depth of its row. An <code>\hfill</code> command can be used to @@ -2772,15 +2799,15 @@ move the line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an </subsection> </section> -<node name="thebibliography"><nodename>thebibliography</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">theorem</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">tabular</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>thebibliography</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="thebibliography" spaces=" "><nodename>thebibliography</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">theorem</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">tabular</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>thebibliography</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">thebibliography</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bibliography, creating (manually)</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="265">thebibliography</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="143">bibliography, creating (manually)</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{thebibliography}{<var>widest-label</var>} \bibitem[<var>label</var>]{<var>cite_key}</var> ... @@ -2796,7 +2823,7 @@ reference list. by redefining the command <code>\refname</code>. For instance, this eliminates it entirely: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\renewcommand{\refname}{} </pre></example> @@ -2805,21 +2832,21 @@ is as wide as the widest item label produced by the <code>\bibitem</code> commands. It is typically given as <code>9</code> for bibliographies with less than 10 references, <code>99</code> for ones with less than 100, etc. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\bibitem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Specify a bibliography item. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\cite</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a bibliography item. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\nocite</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Include an item in the bibliography. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Using BibTeX</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Automatic generation of bibliographies. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\bibitem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Specify a bibliography item. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\cite</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Refer to a bibliography item. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\nocite</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Include an item in the bibliography. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Using BibTeX</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Automatic generation of bibliographies. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005cbibitem"><nodename>\bibitem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cite</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\bibitem</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005cbibitem" spaces=" "><nodename>\bibitem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cite</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\bibitem</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\bibitem</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="266">\bibitem</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: -</para><example> +</para><example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\bibitem[<var>label</var>]{<var>cite_key</var>} </pre></example> @@ -2838,14 +2865,14 @@ associated label. </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005ccite"><nodename>\cite</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\nocite</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\bibitem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\cite</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005ccite" spaces=" "><nodename>\cite</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\nocite</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\bibitem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cite</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\cite</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="267">\cite</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\cite[<var>subcite</var>]{<var>keys</var> </pre></example> @@ -2860,9 +2887,9 @@ citation. For example, <code>\cite[p.~314]{knuth}</code> might pr </para> </subsection> -<node name="_005cnocite"><nodename>\nocite</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Using BibTeX</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\nocite</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\nocite</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cnocite" spaces=" "><nodename>\nocite</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Using BibTeX</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\nocite</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="268">\nocite</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\nocite{key_list}</code> </para> @@ -2871,22 +2898,22 @@ which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the <file>.aux</file> file. </para> </subsection> -<node name="Using-BibTeX"><nodename>Using BibTeX</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\nocite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle>Using Bib&tex;</sectiontitle> +<node name="Using-BibTeX" spaces=" "><nodename>Using BibTeX</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\nocite</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Using Bib&tex;</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">using Bib&tex;</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bib&tex;, using</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bibliography, creating (automatically)</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\bibliographystyle</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\bibliography</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="144">using Bib&tex;</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="145">bib&tex;, using</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="146">bibliography, creating (automatically)</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="269">\bibliographystyle</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="270">\bibliography</indexterm></findex> <para>If you use the Bib&tex; program by Oren Patashnik (highly recommended if you need a bibliography of more than a couple of titles) to maintain your bibliography, you don&textrsquo;t use the -<code>thebibliography</code> environment (<pxref><xrefnodename>thebibliography</xrefnodename></pxref>). Instead, +<code>thebibliography</code> environment (<pxref label="thebibliography"><xrefnodename>thebibliography</xrefnodename></pxref>). Instead, you include the lines </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\bibliographystyle{<var>bibstyle</var>} \bibliography{<var>bibfile1</var>,<var>bibfile2</var>} </pre></example> @@ -2897,15 +2924,15 @@ be produced: <var>bibstyle</var> refers to a file <var>bibstyle</var><file>.bst</file>, which defines how your citations will look. The standard <var>style</var> names distributed with Bib&tex; are: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">alpha</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">alpha</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Sorted alphabetically. Labels are formed from name of author and year of publication. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">plain</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">plain</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Sorted alphabetically. Labels are numeric. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">unsrt</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">unsrt</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Like <code>plain</code>, but entries are in order of citation. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">abbrv</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">abbrv</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Like <code>plain</code>, but more compact labels. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> @@ -2922,15 +2949,15 @@ Bib&tex; format. Only the entries referred to via <code>\cite</code> and </subsection> </section> -<node name="theorem"><nodename>theorem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">titlepage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>theorem</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="theorem" spaces=" "><nodename>theorem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">titlepage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">thebibliography</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>theorem</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">theorem <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">theorems, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="271">theorem <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="147">theorems, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{theorem} <var>theorem-text</var> \end{theorem} @@ -2939,20 +2966,20 @@ Bib&tex; format. Only the entries referred to via <code>\cite</code> and <para>The <code>theorem</code> environment produces &textldquo;Theorem <var>n</var>&textrdquo; in boldface followed by <var>theorem-text</var>, where the numbering possibilities for <var>n</var> are described under <code>\newtheorem</code> -(<pxref><xrefnodename>\newtheorem</xrefnodename></pxref>). +(<pxref label="_005cnewtheorem"><xrefnodename>\newtheorem</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> </section> -<node name="titlepage"><nodename>titlepage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">verbatim</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">theorem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>titlepage</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="titlepage" spaces=" "><nodename>titlepage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">verbatim</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">theorem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>titlepage</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">titlepage <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">making a title page</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">title pages, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="272">titlepage <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="148">making a title page</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="149">title pages, creating</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{titlepage} <var>text</var> \end{titlepage} @@ -2962,26 +2989,26 @@ possibilities for <var>n</var> are described under <code>\newtheorem</code> with no printed page number or heading. It also causes the following page to be numbered page one. Formatting the title page is left to you. The <code>\today</code> command may be useful on title pages -(<pxref><xrefnodename>\today</xrefnodename></pxref>). +(<pxref label="_005ctoday"><xrefnodename>\today</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<para>You can use the <code>\maketitle</code> command (<pxref><xrefnodename>\maketitle</xrefnodename></pxref>) to +<para>You can use the <code>\maketitle</code> command (<pxref label="_005cmaketitle"><xrefnodename>\maketitle</xrefnodename></pxref>) to produce a standard title page without a <code>titlepage</code> environment. </para> </section> -<node name="verbatim"><nodename>verbatim</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">verse</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">titlepage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>verbatim</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="verbatim" spaces=" "><nodename>verbatim</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">verse</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">titlepage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>verbatim</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">verbatim <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">verbatim text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">simulating typed text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">typed text, simulating</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">code, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">computer programs, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="273">verbatim <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="150">verbatim text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="151">simulating typed text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="152">typed text, simulating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="153">code, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="154">computer programs, typesetting</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{verbatim} <var>literal-text</var> \end{verbatim} @@ -2995,19 +3022,19 @@ effect that they would on a typewriter. </para> <para>The <code>verbatim</code> uses a monospaced typewriter-like font (<code>\tt</code>). </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\verb</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The macro form of the <code>verbatim</code> environment. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\verb</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">The macro form of the <code>verbatim</code> environment. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005cverb"><nodename>\verb</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">verbatim</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle><code>\verb</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005cverb" spaces=" "><nodename>\verb</nodename><nodeup automatic="on">verbatim</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\verb</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\verb</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">verbatim text, inline</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="274">\verb</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="155">verbatim text, inline</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\verb<var>char</var><var>literal-text</var><var>char</var> \verb*<var>char</var><var>literal-text</var><var>char</var> </pre></example> @@ -3018,25 +3045,25 @@ including special characters and spaces, using the typewriter <code>\verb*</code> and the delimiter <var>char</var>, which begins and ends the verbatim text. The delimiter must not appear in <var>literal-text</var>. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">visible space</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="156">visible space</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>*</code>-form differs only in that spaces are printed with a &textldquo;visible space&textrdquo; character. -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> (Namely, {\tt\char&textlsquo;\ }.) </tex> </para> </subsection> </section> -<node name="verse"><nodename>verse</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">verbatim</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>verse</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="verse" spaces=" "><nodename>verse</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">verbatim</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Environments</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>verse</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">verse <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">poetry, an environment for</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="275">verse <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="157">poetry, an environment for</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\begin{verse} <var>line1</var> \\ <var>line2</var> \\ @@ -3047,7 +3074,7 @@ verbatim text. The delimiter must not appear in <var>literal-text</var>. <para>The <code>verse</code> environment is designed for poetry, though you may find other uses for it. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>for <code>verse</code></r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="276">\\ <r>for <code>verse</code></r></indexterm></findex> <para>The margins are indented on the left and the right, paragraphs are not indented, and the text is not justified. Separate the lines of each stanza with <code>\\</code>, and use one or more blank lines to separate the @@ -3056,10 +3083,10 @@ stanzas. </section> </chapter> -<node name="Line-breaking"><nodename>Line breaking</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page breaking</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Environments</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Line breaking</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">line breaking</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">breaking lines</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Line-breaking" spaces=" "><nodename>Line breaking</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page breaking</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Environments</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Line breaking</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="158">line breaking</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="159">breaking lines</indexterm></cindex> <para>The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To @@ -3070,23 +3097,23 @@ produce a printed document, this sequence must be broken into lines some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the <code>\\</code> command, and you can always manually force breaks. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\\</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new line. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\obeycr & \restorecr</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make each input line start a new output line. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\newline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Break the line -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\- (hyphenation)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert explicit hyphenation. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\fussy</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Be fussy about line breaking. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\sloppy</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Be sloppy about line breaking. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\hyphenation</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Tell &latex; how to hyphenate a word. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\linebreak & \nolinebreak</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Forcing & avoiding line breaks. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\\</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new line. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\obeycr & \restorecr</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Make each input line start a new output line. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Break the line +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\- (hyphenation)</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert explicit hyphenation. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\fussy</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Be fussy about line breaking. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\sloppy</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Be sloppy about line breaking. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hyphenation</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Tell &latex; how to hyphenate a word. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Forcing & avoiding line breaks. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005c_005c"><nodename>\\</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\obeycr & \restorecr</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>force line break</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">new line, starting</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">line break, forcing</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005c_005c" spaces=" "><nodename>\\</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\obeycr & \restorecr</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\\</code>[*][<var>morespace</var>]</sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="277">\\ <r>force line break</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="160">new line, starting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="161">line break, forcing</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\\</code> command tells &latex; to start a new line. It has an optional argument, <var>morespace</var>, that specifies how much extra @@ -3098,11 +3125,11 @@ except that it tells &latex; not to start a new page after the line. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr"><nodename>\obeycr & \restorecr</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\\</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\obeycr</code> & <code>\restorecr</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\obeycr</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\restorecr</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">new line, output as input</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cobeycr-_0026-_005crestorecr" spaces=" "><nodename>\obeycr & \restorecr</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newline</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\\</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\obeycr</code> & <code>\restorecr</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="278">\obeycr</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="279">\restorecr</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="162">new line, output as input</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\obeycr</code> command makes a return in the input file (<samp>^^M</samp>, internally) the same as <code>\\</code> (followed by @@ -3113,10 +3140,10 @@ in the output. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cnewline"><nodename>\newline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\- (hyphenation)</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\obeycr & \restorecr</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\newline</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\newline</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cnewline" spaces=" "><nodename>\newline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\- (hyphenation)</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\obeycr & \restorecr</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newline</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="280">\newline</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="163">new line, starting (paragraph mode)</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\newline</code> command breaks the line at the present point, with no stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph @@ -3124,10 +3151,10 @@ mode. </para> </section> -<node name="_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029"><nodename>\- (hyphenation)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\fussy</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\- <r>(hyphenation)</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">hyphenation, forcing</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005c_002d-_0028hyphenation_0029" spaces=" "><nodename>\- (hyphenation)</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\fussy</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\-</code> (discretionary hyphen)</sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="281">\- <r>(hyphenation)</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="164">hyphenation, forcing</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\-</code> command tells &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at that point. &latex; is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually @@ -3142,38 +3169,38 @@ that &latex; might otherwise have chosen. </section> -<node name="_005cfussy"><nodename>\fussy</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\sloppy</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\- (hyphenation)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\fussy</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fussy</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cfussy" spaces=" "><nodename>\fussy</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\sloppy</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\- (hyphenation)</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\fussy</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="282">\fussy</indexterm></findex> <para>The declaration <code>\fussy</code> (which is the default) makes &tex; picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box. </para> <para>This command cancels the effect of a previous <code>\sloppy</code> command -(<pxref><xrefnodename>\sloppy</xrefnodename></pxref>. +(<pxref label="_005csloppy"><xrefnodename>\sloppy</xrefnodename></pxref>. </para> </section> -<node name="_005csloppy"><nodename>\sloppy</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hyphenation</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\fussy</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\sloppy</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005csloppy" spaces=" "><nodename>\sloppy</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hyphenation</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\fussy</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\sloppy</code></sectiontitle> <para>The declaration <code>\sloppy</code> makes &tex; less fussy about line breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing. </para> -<para>Lasts until a <code>\fussy</code> command is issued (<pxref><xrefnodename>\fussy</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<para>Lasts until a <code>\fussy</code> command is issued (<pxref label="_005cfussy"><xrefnodename>\fussy</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> </section> -<node name="_005chyphenation"><nodename>\hyphenation</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\sloppy</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\hyphenation</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\hyphenation</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">hyphenation, defining</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005chyphenation" spaces=" "><nodename>\hyphenation</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\linebreak & \nolinebreak</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\sloppy</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hyphenation</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="283">\hyphenation</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="165">hyphenation, defining</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\hyphenation{<var>word-one</var> <var>word-two</var>} </pre></example> @@ -3184,22 +3211,22 @@ inflections are tried. Multiple <code>\hyphenation</code> commands accumulate. Some examples (the default &tex; hyphenation patterns misses the hyphenations in these words): </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases} </pre></example> </section> -<node name="_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak"><nodename>\linebreak & \nolinebreak</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\hyphenation</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\linebreak</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\nolinebreak</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">line breaks, forcing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">line breaks, preventing</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005clinebreak-_0026-_005cnolinebreak" spaces=" "><nodename>\linebreak & \nolinebreak</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\hyphenation</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\linebreak</code> & <code>\nolinebreak</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="284">\linebreak</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="285">\nolinebreak</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="166">line breaks, forcing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="167">line breaks, preventing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\linebreak[<var>priority</var>] \nolinebreak[<var>priority</var>] </pre></example> @@ -3216,29 +3243,29 @@ from a demand to a request. The <var>priority</var> must be a number from </section> </chapter> -<node name="Page-breaking"><nodename>Page breaking</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Page breaking</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">page breaking</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">breaking pages</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Page-breaking" spaces=" "><nodename>Page breaking</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnotes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Line breaking</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page breaking</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="168">page breaking</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="169">breaking pages</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has accumulated to fill up a page. Usually this happens automatically, but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\cleardoublepage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new right-hand page. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\clearpage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new page. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\newpage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new page. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\enlargethispage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Enlarge the current page a bit. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Forcing & avoiding page breaks. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\cleardoublepage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new right-hand page. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\clearpage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new page. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newpage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Start a new page. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\enlargethispage</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Enlarge the current page a bit. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Forcing & avoiding page breaks. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005ccleardoublepage"><nodename>\cleardoublepage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\clearpage</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\cleardoublepage</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005ccleardoublepage" spaces=" "><nodename>\cleardoublepage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\clearpage</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cleardoublepage</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\cleardoublepage</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">starting on a right-hand page</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="286">\cleardoublepage</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="170">starting on a right-hand page</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\cleardoublepage</code> command ends the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. @@ -3247,32 +3274,32 @@ In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand </para> </section> -<node name="_005cclearpage"><nodename>\clearpage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newpage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cleardoublepage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\clearpage</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\clearpage</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">flushing floats and starting a page</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">starting a new page and clearing floats</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cclearpage" spaces=" "><nodename>\clearpage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newpage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cleardoublepage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\clearpage</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="287">\clearpage</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="171">flushing floats and starting a page</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="172">starting a new page and clearing floats</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\clearpage</code> command ends the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cnewpage"><nodename>\newpage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\enlargethispage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\clearpage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\newpage</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\newpage</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">new page, starting</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">starting a new page</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cnewpage" spaces=" "><nodename>\newpage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\enlargethispage</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\clearpage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newpage</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="288">\newpage</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="173">new page, starting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="174">starting a new page</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\newpage</code> command ends the current page, but does not clear floats (see <code>\clearpage</code> above). </para> </section> -<node name="_005cenlargethispage"><nodename>\enlargethispage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newpage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\enlargethispage</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\enlargethispage</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">enlarge current page</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cenlargethispage" spaces=" "><nodename>\enlargethispage</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newpage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\enlargethispage</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="289">\enlargethispage</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="175">enlarge current page</indexterm></cindex> <para><code>\enlargethispage{size}</code> </para> @@ -3288,16 +3315,16 @@ much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit </para> </section> -<node name="_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak"><nodename>\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\enlargethispage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\pagebreak</code> & <code>\nopagebreak</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\pagebreak</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\nopagebreak</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">page break, forcing</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">page break, preventing</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cpagebreak-_0026-_005cnopagebreak" spaces=" "><nodename>\pagebreak & \nopagebreak</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\enlargethispage</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pagebreak</code> & <code>\nopagebreak</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="290">\pagebreak</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="291">\nopagebreak</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="176">page break, forcing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="177">page break, preventing</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\pagebreak[<var>priority</var>] \nopagebreak[<var>priority</var>] </pre></example> @@ -3315,31 +3342,31 @@ insistent the request is. </section> </chapter> -<node name="Footnotes"><nodename>Footnotes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Definitions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Footnotes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">footnotes, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Footnotes" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnotes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Definitions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Page breaking</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnotes</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="178">footnotes, creating</indexterm></cindex> <para>Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced with one command, the <code>\footnote</code> command. They can also be produced with two commands, the <code>\footnotemark</code> and the <code>\footnotetext</code> commands. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\footnote</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert a footnote. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\footnotemark</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert footnote mark only. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\footnotetext</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert footnote text only. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Symbolic footnotes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Using symbols instead of numbers for footnotes. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Footnote parameters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Parameters for footnote formatting. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\footnote</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert a footnote. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\footnotemark</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert footnote mark only. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\footnotetext</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Insert footnote text only. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Symbolic footnotes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Using symbols instead of numbers for footnotes. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Footnote parameters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Parameters for footnote formatting. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005cfootnote"><nodename>\footnote</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\footnotemark</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\footnote</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\footnote</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cfootnote" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnote</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\footnotemark</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnote</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="292">\footnote</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\footnote[<var>number</var>]{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> @@ -3350,13 +3377,13 @@ changes the default footnote number. <para>This command can only be used in outer paragraph mode; i.e., you cannot use it in sectioning commands like <code>\chapter</code>, in figures, tables or in a <code>tabular</code> environment. (See following sections.) -<!-- xx mention packages that fix this --> +<!-- c xx mention packages that fix this --> </para> </section> -<node name="_005cfootnotemark"><nodename>\footnotemark</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\footnotetext</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnote</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\footnotemark</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\footnotemark</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cfootnotemark" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnotemark</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\footnotetext</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnote</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnotemark</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="293">\footnotemark</indexterm></findex> <para>With no optional argument, the <code>\footnotemark</code> command puts the current footnote number in the text. This command can be used in @@ -3366,7 +3393,7 @@ with the <code>\footnotetext</code> command. <para>This command can be used to produce several consecutive footnote markers referring to the same footnote with </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\footnotemark[\value{footnote}] </pre></example> @@ -3375,13 +3402,13 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with </para> </section> -<node name="_005cfootnotetext"><nodename>\footnotetext</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Symbolic footnotes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnotemark</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\footnotetext</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\footnotetext</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cfootnotetext" spaces=" "><nodename>\footnotetext</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Symbolic footnotes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnotemark</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\footnotetext</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="294">\footnotetext</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\footnotetext[<var>number</var>]{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> @@ -3394,43 +3421,43 @@ appear in outer paragraph mode. </para> </section> -<node name="Symbolic-footnotes"><nodename>Symbolic footnotes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnote parameters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnotetext</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Symbolic footnotes</sectiontitle> +<node name="Symbolic-footnotes" spaces=" "><nodename>Symbolic footnotes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Footnote parameters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\footnotetext</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Symbolic footnotes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="179">footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered</indexterm></cindex> <para>If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing numbers, redefine <code>\thefootnote</code> like this: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fnsymbol<r>, and footnotes</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\&arobase;fnsymbol</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="295">\fnsymbol<r>, and footnotes</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="296">\&arobase;fnsymbol</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\fnsymbol</code> command produces a predefined series of symbols -(<pxref><xrefnodename>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</xrefnodename></pxref>). If you want to +(<pxref label="_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol"><xrefnodename>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</xrefnodename></pxref>). If you want to use a different symbol as your footnote mark, you&textrsquo;ll need to also redefine <code>\&arobase;fnsymbol</code>. </para> </section> -<node name="Footnote-parameters"><nodename>Footnote parameters</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Symbolic footnotes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Footnote parameters</sectiontitle> +<node name="Footnote-parameters" spaces=" "><nodename>Footnote parameters</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Symbolic footnotes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Footnote parameters</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">footnote parameters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">parameters, for footnotes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="180">footnote parameters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="181">parameters, for footnotes</indexterm></cindex> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\footnoterule</indexterm>\footnoterule</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="297">\footnoterule</indexterm>\footnoterule</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page&textrsquo;s footnotes. Default dimensions: <code>0.4pt</code> thick (or wide), and <code>0.4\columnwidth</code> long in the standard document classes (except slides, where it does not appear). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\footnotesep</indexterm>\footnotesep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="298">\footnotesep</indexterm>\footnotesep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote. By default, this is set to the normal strut for <code>\footnotesize</code> -fonts (<pxref><xrefnodename>Font sizes</xrefnodename></pxref>), therefore there is no extra space between +fonts (<pxref label="Font-sizes"><xrefnodename>Font sizes</xrefnodename></pxref>), therefore there is no extra space between footnotes. This is <samp>6.65pt</samp> for <samp>10pt</samp>, <samp>7.7pt</samp> for <samp>11pt</samp>, and <samp>8.4pt</samp> for <samp>12pt</samp>. </para> @@ -3439,79 +3466,82 @@ footnotes. This is <samp>6.65pt</samp> for <samp>10pt</samp>, <samp>7.7pt</samp </section> </chapter> -<node name="Definitions"><nodename>Definitions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Counters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Definitions</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">definitions</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Definitions" spaces=" "><nodename>Definitions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Counters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Footnotes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Definitions</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="182">definitions</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; has support for making new commands of many different kinds. </para> -<!-- xx everything in this chapter needs examples. --> - -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\newcommand & \renewcommand</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">(Re)define a new command. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\newcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new counter. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\newlength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new length. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\newsavebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new box. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new environment. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\newtheorem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new theorem-like environment. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\newfont</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new font name. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\protect</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Using tricky commands. +<!-- c xx everything in this chapter needs examples. --> + +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newcommand & \renewcommand</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">(Re)define a new command. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new counter. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newlength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new length. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newsavebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new box. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new environment. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newtheorem</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new theorem-like environment. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\newfont</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Define a new font name. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\protect</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Using tricky commands. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand"><nodename>\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newcounter</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\newcommand</code> & <code>\renewcommand</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\newcommand</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cnewcommand-_0026-_005crenewcommand" spaces=" "><nodename>\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newcounter</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newcommand</code> & <code>\renewcommand</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="299">\newcommand</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="183">commands, defining new ones</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="184">defining a new command</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="185">new commands, defining</indexterm></cindex> <para><code>\newcommand</code> and <code>\renewcommand</code> define and redefine a command, respectively. Synopses: </para> -<example> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> \newcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>defn</var>} -\renewcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>defn</var>} - \newcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>defn</var>} -\renewcommand{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>defn</var>} +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> \newcommand[*]{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optarg</var>]{<var>defn</var>} +\renewcommand[*]{<var>cmd</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>optarg</var>]{<var>defn</var>} </pre></example> - -<table commandarg="var"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">cmd</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="var" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var"><code>*</code></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="186">*-form of defining new commands</indexterm></cindex> +<para>The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments not contain +multiple paragraphs of text (not <code>\long</code>, in plain &tex; terms). +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">cmd</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The command name beginning with <code>\</code>. For <code>\newcommand</code>, it must not be already defined and must not begin with <code>\end</code>; for <code>\renewcommand</code>, it must already be defined. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">nargs</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">nargs</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>An optional integer from 1 to 9 specifying the number of arguments that the command will take. The default is for the command to have no arguments. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">default</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">optarg</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command&textrsquo;s -first argument is optional. When the new command is called, the -default value of the optional argument (i.e., if it is not specified -in the call) is the string <samp>def</samp>. +first argument is optional. The default value of the optional +argument (i.e., if it is not specified in the call) is <var>optarg</var>, +or, if that argument is present in the <code>\newcommand</code> but has an +empty value, the string <samp>def</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">defn</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">defn</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The text to be substituted for every occurrence of <code>cmd</code>; a construct of the form <code>#<var>n</var></code> in <var>defn</var> is replaced by the text of the <var>n</var>th argument. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></table> -<!-- xx \providecommand, * form (non-\long) --> +<!-- c xx \providecommand, * form (non-\long) --> </section> -<node name="_005cnewcounter"><nodename>\newcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newlength</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\newcounter</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\newcounter</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">counters, defining new</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cnewcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\newcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newlength</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newcommand & \renewcommand</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newcounter</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="300">\newcounter</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="187">counters, defining new</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\newcounter{<var>cnt</var>}[<var>countername</var>] </pre></example> @@ -3521,18 +3551,18 @@ The new counter is initialized to zero. <para>Given the optional argument <code>[<var>countername</var>]</code>, <var>cnt</var> will be reset whenever <var>countername</var> is incremented. </para> -<para><xref><xrefnodename>Counters</xrefnodename></xref>, for more information about counters. +<para><xref label="Counters"><xrefnodename>Counters</xrefnodename></xref>, for more information about counters. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cnewlength"><nodename>\newlength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newsavebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\newlength</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\newlength</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lengths, defining new</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cnewlength" spaces=" "><nodename>\newlength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newsavebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newlength</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="301">\newlength</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="188">lengths, defining new</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\newlength{\<var>arg</var>} </pre></example> @@ -3541,18 +3571,18 @@ will be reset whenever <var>countername</var> is incremented. be a control sequence, as in <code>\newlength{\foo}</code>. An error occurs if <code>\foo</code> is already defined. </para> -<para><xref><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></xref>, for how to set the new length to a nonzero value, and +<para><xref label="Lengths"><xrefnodename>Lengths</xrefnodename></xref>, for how to set the new length to a nonzero value, and for more information about lengths in general. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cnewsavebox"><nodename>\newsavebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newlength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\newsavebox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\newsavebox</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cnewsavebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\newsavebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newlength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newsavebox</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="302">\newsavebox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\newsavebox{<var>cmd</var>} </pre></example> @@ -3561,46 +3591,50 @@ defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment"><nodename>\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newtheorem</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newsavebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\newenvironment</code> & <code>\renewenvironment</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\newenvironment</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\renewenvironment</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">environments, defining</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">defining new environments</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">redefining environments</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cnewenvironment-_0026-_005crenewenvironment" spaces=" "><nodename>\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newtheorem</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newsavebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newenvironment</code> & <code>\renewenvironment</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="303">\newenvironment</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="304">\renewenvironment</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="189">environments, defining</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="190">defining new environments</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="191">redefining environments</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopses: </para> -<example> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> \newenvironment{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>} - \newenvironment{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>} -\renewenvironment{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>} +<example endspaces=" "> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> \newenvironment[*]{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>][<var>default</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>} +\renewenvironment[*]{<var>env</var>}[<var>nargs</var>]{<var>begdef</var>}{<var>enddef</var>} </pre></example> <para>These commands define or redefine an environment <var>env</var>, that is, <code>\begin{<var>env</var>} &dots; \end{<var>env</var>}</code>. </para> -<table commandarg="var"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">env</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="var" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var"><code>*</code></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="192">*-form of environment commands</indexterm></cindex> +<para>The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments (not the +contents of the environment) not contain multiple paragraphs of text. +</para> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">env</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The name of the environment. For <code>\newenvironment</code>, <var>env</var> must not be an existing environment, and the command <code>\<var>env</var></code> must be undefined. For <code>\renewenvironment</code>, <var>env</var> must be the name of an existing environment. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">nargs</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">nargs</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>An integer from 1 to 9 denoting the number of arguments of the newly-defined environment. The default is no arguments. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">default</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">default</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>If this is specified, the first argument is optional, and <var>default</var> gives the default value for that argument. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">begdef</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">begdef</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The text expanded at every occurrence of <code>\begin{<var>env</var>}</code>; a construct of the form <code>#<var>n</var></code> in <var>begdef</var> is replaced by the text of the <var>n</var>th argument. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">enddef</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">enddef</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The text expanded at every occurrence of <code>\end{<var>env</var>}</code>. It may not contain any argument parameters. </para> @@ -3608,33 +3642,33 @@ may not contain any argument parameters. </section> -<node name="_005cnewtheorem"><nodename>\newtheorem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newfont</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\newtheorem</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\newtheorem</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">theorems, defining</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">defining new theorems</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cnewtheorem" spaces=" "><nodename>\newtheorem</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\newfont</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newenvironment & \renewenvironment</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newtheorem</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="305">\newtheorem</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="193">theorems, defining</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="194">defining new theorems</indexterm></cindex> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\newtheorem{<var>newenv</var>}{<var>label</var>}[<var>within</var>] \newtheorem{<var>newenv</var>}[<var>numbered_like</var>]{<var>label</var>} </pre></example> <para>This command defines a theorem-like environment. Arguments: </para> -<table commandarg="var"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">newenv</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="var" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">newenv</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The name of the environment to be defined; must not be the name of an existing environment or otherwise defined. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">label</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">label</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The text printed at the beginning of the environment, before the number. For example, <samp>Theorem</samp>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">numbered_like</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">numbered_like</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>(Optional.) The name of an already defined theorem-like environment; the new environment will be numbered just like <var>numbered_like</var>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">within</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">within</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>(Optional.) The name of an already defined counter, a sectional unit. The new theorem counter will be reset at the same time as the <var>within</var> counter. @@ -3646,15 +3680,15 @@ not both. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cnewfont"><nodename>\newfont</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\protect</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newtheorem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\newfont</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\newfont</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">fonts, new commands for</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">defining new fonts</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cnewfont" spaces=" "><nodename>\newfont</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\protect</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\newtheorem</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\newfont</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="306">\newfont</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="195">fonts, new commands for</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="196">defining new fonts</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\newfont{<var>cmd</var>}{<var>fontname</var>} </pre></example> @@ -3667,12 +3701,12 @@ More commonly, fonts are defined in families through <file>.fd</file> files. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cprotect"><nodename>\protect</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\newfont</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\protect</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\protect</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cprotect" spaces=" "><nodename>\protect</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\newfont</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Definitions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\protect</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="307">\protect</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">fragile commands</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">moving arguments</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="197">fragile commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="198">moving arguments</indexterm></cindex> <para>Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and many more are so-called <dfn>fragile</dfn> commands. When a fragile command is used in certain contexts, called <dfn>moving arguments</dfn>, it @@ -3680,30 +3714,30 @@ must be preceded by <code>\protect</code>. In addition, any fragile commands within the arguments must have their own <code>\protect</code>. </para> <para>Some examples of moving arguments are <code>\caption</code> -(<pxref><xrefnodename>figure</xrefnodename></pxref>), <code>\thanks</code> (<pxref><xrefnodename>\maketitle</xrefnodename></pxref>), and +(<pxref label="figure"><xrefnodename>figure</xrefnodename></pxref>), <code>\thanks</code> (<pxref label="_005cmaketitle"><xrefnodename>\maketitle</xrefnodename></pxref>), and &hyphenbreak;expressions in <code>tabular</code> and <code>array</code> environments -(<pxref><xrefnodename>tabular</xrefnodename></pxref>). +(<pxref label="tabular"><xrefnodename>tabular</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">robust commands</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="199">robust commands</indexterm></cindex> <para>Commands which are not fragile are called <dfn>robust</dfn>. They must not be preceded by <code>\protect</code>. </para> <para>See also: </para> -<smallexample> -<exdent><url><urefurl>http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html</urefurl></url></exdent> -<exdent><url><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=protect</urefurl></url></exdent> +<smallexample endspaces=" "> +<exdent spaces=" "><url><urefurl>http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html</urefurl></url></exdent> +<exdent spaces=" "><url><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=protect</urefurl></url></exdent> </smallexample> -<!-- xx really need examples. --> +<!-- c xx really need examples. --> </section> </chapter> -<node name="Counters"><nodename>Counters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Lengths</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Definitions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Counters</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">counters, a list of</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">variables, a list of</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Counters" spaces=" "><nodename>Counters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Lengths</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Definitions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Counters</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="200">counters, a list of</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="201">variables, a list of</indexterm></cindex> <para>Everything &latex; numbers for you has a counter associated with it. The name of the counter is the same as the name of the environment @@ -3712,7 +3746,7 @@ or command that produces the number, except with no <code>\</code>. environment.) Below is a list of the counters used in &latex;&textrsquo;s standard document classes to control numbering. </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">part paragraph figure enumi chapter subparagraph table enumii section page footnote enumiii @@ -3720,52 +3754,52 @@ subsection equation mpfootnote enumiv subsubsection </pre></example> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Print value of a counter. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\usecounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use a specified counter in a list environment. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\value</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use the value of a counter in an expression. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\setcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the value of a counter. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\addtocounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add a quantity to a counter. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\refstepcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add to counter, resetting subsidiary counters. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\stepcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add to counter, resetting subsidiary counters. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\day \month \year</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Numeric date values. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Print value of a counter. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\usecounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use a specified counter in a list environment. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\value</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Use the value of a counter in an expression. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\setcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the value of a counter. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\addtocounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add a quantity to a counter. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\refstepcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add to counter, resetting subsidiary counters. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\stepcounter</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add to counter, resetting subsidiary counters. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\day \month \year</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Numeric date values. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol"><nodename>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\usecounter</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</sectiontitle> +<node name="_005calph-_005cAlph-_005carabic-_005croman-_005cRoman-_005cfnsymbol" spaces=" "><nodename>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\usecounter</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</code>: Printing counters</sectiontitle> <para>All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for instance, <code>\alph{enumi}</code>. </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\alph</indexterm>\alph</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="308">\alph</indexterm>\alph</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>prints <var>counter</var> using lowercase letters: &textlsquo;a&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;b&textrsquo;, &enddots; </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Alph</indexterm>\Alph</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="309">\Alph</indexterm>\Alph</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>uses uppercase letters: &textlsquo;A&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;B&textrsquo;, &enddots; </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\arabic</indexterm>\arabic</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="310">\arabic</indexterm>\arabic</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>uses Arabic numbers: &textlsquo;1&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;2&textrsquo;, &enddots; </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\roman</indexterm>\roman</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="311">\roman</indexterm>\roman</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>uses lowercase roman numerals: &textlsquo;i&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;ii&textrsquo;, &enddots; </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\roman</indexterm>\roman</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="312">\roman</indexterm>\roman</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>uses uppercase roman numerals: &textlsquo;I&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;II&textrsquo;, &enddots; </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\fnsymbol</indexterm>\fnsymbol</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="313">\fnsymbol</indexterm>\fnsymbol</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>prints the value of <var>counter</var> in a specific sequence of nine symbols (conventionally used for labeling footnotes). The value of <var>counter</var> must be between 1 and 9, inclusive. </para> -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> Here are the symbols: $\ast$ $\dagger$ $\ddagger$ $\S$ $\P$ $\parallel$ $\ast\ast$ $\dagger\dagger$ $\ddagger\ddagger$ </tex> <para>The symbols mostly aren&textrsquo;t supported in Info, but here are the names: -</para><display> +</para><display endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">asterix(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger </pre></display> @@ -3774,15 +3808,15 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger </section> -<node name="_005cusecounter"><nodename>\usecounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\value</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\usecounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\usecounter</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">list items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">numbered items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cusecounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\usecounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\value</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\usecounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="314">\usecounter</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="202">list items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="203">numbered items, specifying counter</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\usecounter{<var>counter</var>} </pre></example> @@ -3792,21 +3826,21 @@ the list items. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cvalue"><nodename>\value</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\setcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\usecounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\value{<var>counter</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\value</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">counters, getting value of</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cvalue" spaces=" "><nodename>\value</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\setcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\usecounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\value{<var>counter</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="315">\value</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="204">counters, getting value of</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\value{<var>counter</var>} </pre></example> <para>The <code>\value</code> command produces the value of <var>counter</var>. It can be used anywhere &latex; expects a number, for example: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\setcounter{myctr}{3} \addtocounter{myctr}{1} \hspace{\value{myctr}\parindent} @@ -3814,15 +3848,15 @@ be used anywhere &latex; expects a number, for example: </section> -<node name="_005csetcounter"><nodename>\setcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtocounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\value</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\setcounter</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">counters, setting</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">setting counters</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005csetcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\setcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtocounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\value</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\setcounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="316">\setcounter</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="205">counters, setting</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="206">setting counters</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\setcounter{<var>\counter</var>}{<var>value</var>} </pre></example> @@ -3831,39 +3865,39 @@ be used anywhere &latex; expects a number, for example: </para> </section> -<node name="_005caddtocounter"><nodename>\addtocounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\refstepcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\setcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\addtocounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\addtocounter</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005caddtocounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\addtocounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\refstepcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\setcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addtocounter{<var>counter</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="317">\addtocounter</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\addtocounter</code> command increments <var>counter</var> by the amount specified by the <var>value</var> argument, which may be negative. </para> </section> -<node name="_005crefstepcounter"><nodename>\refstepcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stepcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addtocounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\refstepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\refstepcounter</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005crefstepcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\refstepcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stepcounter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addtocounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\refstepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="318">\refstepcounter</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\refstepcounter</code> command works in the same way as -<code>\stepcounter</code> <xref><xrefnodename>\stepcounter</xrefnodename></xref>, except it also defines the +<code>\stepcounter</code> <xref label="_005cstepcounter"><xrefnodename>\stepcounter</xrefnodename></xref>, except it also defines the current <code>\ref</code> value to be the result of <code>\thecounter</code>. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cstepcounter"><nodename>\stepcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\day \month \year</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\refstepcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\stepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\stepcounter</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cstepcounter" spaces=" "><nodename>\stepcounter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\day \month \year</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\refstepcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\stepcounter{<var>counter</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="319">\stepcounter</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\stepcounter</code> command adds one to <var>counter</var> and resets all subsidiary counters. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear"><nodename>\day \month \year</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\stepcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\day \month \year</code>: Predefined counters</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\day</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\month</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\year</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear" spaces=" "><nodename>\day \month \year</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\stepcounter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Counters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\day \month \year</code>: Predefined counters</sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="320">\day</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="321">\month</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="322">\year</indexterm></findex> <para>&latex; defines counters for the day of the month (<code>\day</code>, 1&textndash;31), month of the year (<code>\month</code>, 1&textndash;12), and year @@ -3872,32 +3906,32 @@ set to the current values on the system where &tex; is running. They are not updated as the job progresses. </para> <para>The related command <code>\today</code> produces a string representing the -current day (<pxref><xrefnodename>\today</xrefnodename></pxref>). +current day (<pxref label="_005ctoday"><xrefnodename>\today</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> </section> </chapter> -<node name="Lengths"><nodename>Lengths</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Counters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Lengths</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lengths, defining and using</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Lengths" spaces=" "><nodename>Lengths</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Counters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Lengths</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="207">lengths, defining and using</indexterm></cindex> <para>A <code>length</code> is a measure of distance. Many &latex; commands take a length as an argument. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\setlength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the value of a length. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\addtolength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add a quantity to a length. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\settodepth</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the depth of something. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\settoheight</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the height of something. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\settowidth</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the width of something. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Predefined lengths</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Lengths that are, like, predefined. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\setlength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the value of a length. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\addtolength</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add a quantity to a length. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\settodepth</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the depth of something. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\settoheight</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the height of something. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\settowidth</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set a length to the width of something. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Predefined lengths</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Lengths that are, like, predefined. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005csetlength"><nodename>\setlength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtolength</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\setlength</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lengths, setting</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005csetlength" spaces=" "><nodename>\setlength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtolength</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\setlength{\<var>len</var>}{<var>value</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="323">\setlength</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="208">lengths, setting</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\setlength</code> sets the value of <var>\len</var> to the <var>value</var> argument, which can be expressed in any units that &latex; @@ -3906,10 +3940,10 @@ understands, i.e., inches (<code>in</code>), millimeters (<code>mm</code>), poin </para> </section> -<node name="_005caddtolength"><nodename>\addtolength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settodepth</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\setlength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>\addtolength{<var>\len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\addtolength</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lengths, adding to</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005caddtolength" spaces=" "><nodename>\addtolength</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settodepth</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\setlength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>\addtolength{<var>\len</var>}{<var>amount</var>}</sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="324">\addtolength</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="209">lengths, adding to</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\addtolength</code> command increments a &textldquo;length command&textrdquo; <var>\len</var> by the amount specified in the <var>amount</var> argument, which @@ -3917,9 +3951,9 @@ may be negative. </para> </section> -<node name="_005csettodepth"><nodename>\settodepth</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settoheight</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addtolength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\settodepth</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\settodepth</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005csettodepth" spaces=" "><nodename>\settodepth</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settoheight</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addtolength</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\settodepth</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="325">\settodepth</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\settodepth{\gnat}{text}</code> </para> @@ -3928,9 +3962,9 @@ equal to the depth of the <code>text</code> argument. </para> </section> -<node name="_005csettoheight"><nodename>\settoheight</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settowidth</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\settodepth</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\settoheight</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\settoheight</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005csettoheight" spaces=" "><nodename>\settoheight</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\settowidth</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\settodepth</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\settoheight</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="326">\settoheight</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\settoheight{\gnat}{text}</code> </para> @@ -3940,34 +3974,34 @@ equal to the height of the <code>text</code> argument. </section> -<node name="_005csettowidth"><nodename>\settowidth</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Predefined lengths</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\settoheight</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\settowidth</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005csettowidth" spaces=" "><nodename>\settowidth</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Predefined lengths</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\settoheight</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\settowidth{\<var>len</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="327">\settowidth</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\settowidth</code> command sets the value of the command <var>\len</var> to the width of the <var>text</var> argument. </para> </section> -<node name="Predefined-lengths"><nodename>Predefined lengths</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\settowidth</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Predefined lengths</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lengths, predefined</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">predefined lengths</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Predefined-lengths" spaces=" "><nodename>Predefined lengths</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\settowidth</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Lengths</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Predefined lengths</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="210">lengths, predefined</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="211">predefined lengths</indexterm></cindex> <para><code>\width</code> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\width</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="328">\width</indexterm></findex> </para> <para><code>\height</code> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\height</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="329">\height</indexterm></findex> </para> <para><code>\depth</code> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\depth</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="330">\depth</indexterm></findex> </para> <para><code>\totalheight</code> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\totalheight</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="331">\totalheight</indexterm></findex> </para> <para>These length parameters can be used in the arguments of the box-making -commands (<pxref><xrefnodename>Boxes</xrefnodename></pxref>). They specify the natural width, etc., of +commands (<pxref label="Boxes"><xrefnodename>Boxes</xrefnodename></pxref>). They specify the natural width, etc., of the text in the box. <code>\totalheight</code> equals <code>\height</code> + <code>\depth</code>. To make a box with the text stretched to double the natural size, e.g., say @@ -3977,29 +4011,29 @@ natural size, e.g., say </section> </chapter> -<node name="Making-paragraphs"><nodename>Making paragraphs</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math formulas</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Lengths</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Making paragraphs</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">making paragraphs</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">paragraphs</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Making-paragraphs" spaces=" "><nodename>Making paragraphs</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math formulas</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Lengths</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Making paragraphs</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="212">making paragraphs</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="213">paragraphs</indexterm></cindex> <para>A paragraph is ended by one or more completely blank lines&textmdash;lines not containing even a <code>%</code>. A blank line should not appear where a new paragraph cannot be started, such as in math mode or in the argument of a sectioning command. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\indent</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Indent this paragraph. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\noindent</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Do not indent this paragraph. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\parskip</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Space added before paragraphs. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Marginal notes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Putting remarks in the margin. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\indent</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Indent this paragraph. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\noindent</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Do not indent this paragraph. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\parskip</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Space added before paragraphs. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Marginal notes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Putting remarks in the margin. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005cindent"><nodename>\indent</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\noindent</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\indent</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\indent</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\parindent</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">indent, forcing</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cindent" spaces=" "><nodename>\indent</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\noindent</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\indent</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="332">\indent</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="333">\parindent</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="214">indent, forcing</indexterm></cindex> <para><code>\indent</code> produces a horizontal space whose width equals the width of the <code>\parindent</code> length, the normal paragraph @@ -4012,10 +4046,10 @@ mode, otherwise <code>15pt</code> for <code>10pt</code> documents, <code>17pt</c </para> </section> -<node name="_005cnoindent"><nodename>\noindent</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\parskip</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\indent</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\noindent</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\noindent</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">indent, suppressing</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cnoindent" spaces=" "><nodename>\noindent</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\parskip</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\indent</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\noindent</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="334">\noindent</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="215">indent, suppressing</indexterm></cindex> <para>When used at the beginning of the paragraph, <code>\noindent</code> suppresses any paragraph indentation. It has no effect when used in @@ -4023,26 +4057,26 @@ the middle of a paragraph. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cparskip"><nodename>\parskip</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Marginal notes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\noindent</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\parskip</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\parskip</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">vertical space before paragraphs</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cparskip" spaces=" "><nodename>\parskip</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Marginal notes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\noindent</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\parskip</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="335">\parskip</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="216">vertical space before paragraphs</indexterm></cindex> <para><code>\parskip</code> is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added before each paragraph. The default is <code>0pt plus1pt</code>. </para> </section> -<node name="Marginal-notes"><nodename>Marginal notes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\parskip</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Marginal notes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">marginal notes</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">notes in the margin</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">remarks in the margin</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\marginpar</indexterm></findex> +<node name="Marginal-notes" spaces=" "><nodename>Marginal notes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\parskip</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Marginal notes</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="217">marginal notes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="218">notes in the margin</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="219">remarks in the margin</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="336">\marginpar</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\marginpar[<var>left</var>]{<var>right</var>} </pre></example> @@ -4053,7 +4087,7 @@ where the <code>\marginpar</code> occurs. <para>When you only specify the mandatory argument <var>right</var>, the text will be placed </para> -<itemize commandarg="bullet"><itemprepend>•</itemprepend> +<itemize commandarg="bullet" spaces=" " endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet"/></itemprepend> <listitem><prepend>•</prepend> <para>in the right margin for one-sided layout; </para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend> @@ -4062,8 +4096,8 @@ will be placed <para>in the nearest margin for two-column layout. </para></listitem></itemize> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\reversemarginpar</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\normalmarginpar</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="337">\reversemarginpar</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="338">\normalmarginpar</indexterm></findex> <para>The command <code>\reversemarginpar</code> places subsequent marginal notes in the opposite (inside) margin. <code>\normalmarginpar</code> places them in the default position. @@ -4076,16 +4110,16 @@ hyphenation there by beginning the node with <code>\hspace{0pt}</c </para> <para>These parameters affect the formatting of the note: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\marginparpush</indexterm>\marginparpush</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="339">\marginparpush</indexterm>\marginparpush</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Minimum vertical space between notes; default <samp>7pt</samp> for <samp>12pt</samp> documents, <samp>5pt</samp> else. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\marginparsep</indexterm>\marginparsep</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="340">\marginparsep</indexterm>\marginparsep</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Horizontal space between the main text and the note; default <samp>11pt</samp> for <samp>10pt</samp> documents, <samp>10pt</samp> else. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\marginparwidth</indexterm>\marginparwidth</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="341">\marginparwidth</indexterm>\marginparwidth</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Width of the note itself; default for a one-sided <samp>10pt</samp> document is <samp>90pt</samp>, <samp>83pt</samp> for <samp>11pt</samp>, and <samp>68pt</samp> for <samp>12pt</samp>; <samp>17pt</samp> more in each case for a two-sided document. @@ -4095,91 +4129,91 @@ In two column mode, the default is <samp>48pt</samp>. <para>The standard &latex; routine for marginal notes does not prevent notes from falling off the bottom of the page. -<!-- @TeX{} FAQ entry on this topic (xx when there): --> -<!-- @url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=marginparside}. --> -<!-- (+marginfix) --> +<!-- c @TeX{} FAQ entry on this topic (xx when there): --> +<!-- c @url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=marginparside}. --> +<!-- c (+marginfix) --> </para> </section> </chapter> -<node name="Math-formulas"><nodename>Math formulas</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Modes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Math formulas</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">math formulas</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">formulas, math</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">math mode, entering</indexterm></cindex> - -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">math <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">displaymath <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">equation <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<node name="Math-formulas" spaces=" "><nodename>Math formulas</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Modes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Making paragraphs</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math formulas</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="220">math formulas</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="221">formulas, math</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="222">math mode, entering</indexterm></cindex> + +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="342">math <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="343">displaymath <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="344">equation <r>environment</r></indexterm></findex> <para>There are three environments that put &latex; in math mode: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">math</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">math</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>For formulas that appear right in the text. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">displaymath</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">displaymath</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>For formulas that appear on their own line. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">equation</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">equation</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The same as the displaymath environment except that it adds an equation number in the right margin. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\(</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\)</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\[</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\]</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="345">\(</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="346">\)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="347">\[</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="348">\]</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>math</code> environment can be used in both paragraph and LR mode, but the <code>displaymath</code> and <code>equation</code> environments can be used only in paragraph mode. The <code>math</code> and <code>displaymath</code> environments are used so often that they have the following short forms: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\(...\) <r>instead of</r> \begin{math}...\end{math} \[...\] <r>instead of</r> \begin{displaymath}...\end{displaymath} </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">$</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="349">$</indexterm></findex> <para>In fact, the <code>math</code> environment is so common that it has an even shorter form: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">$ ... $ <r>instead of</r> \(...\) </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\boldmath</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\unboldmath</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="350">\boldmath</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="351">\unboldmath</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\boldmath</code> command changes math letters and symbols to be in a bold font. It is used <emph>outside</emph> of math mode. Conversely, the <code>\unboldmath</code> command changes math glyphs to be in a normal font; it too is used <emph>outside</emph> of math mode. </para> -<!-- xx own section? Math fonts? --> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\displaystyle</indexterm></findex> +<!-- c xx own section? Math fonts? --> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="352">\displaystyle</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\displaystyle</code> declaration forces the size and style of the formula to be that of <code>displaymath</code>, e.g., with limits above and below summations. For example -</para><example> +</para><example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">$\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n $ </pre></example> -<!-- xx see also \cal, \mathcal --> +<!-- c xx see also \cal, \mathcal --> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>Subscripts & superscripts</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Also known as exponent or index. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Math symbols</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Various mathematical squiggles. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Math functions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Math function names like sin and exp. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Math accents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Accents in math. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Spacing in math mode</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Thick, medium, thin and negative spaces. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Math miscellany</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stuff that doesn&textrsquo;t fit anywhere else. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Subscripts & superscripts</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Also known as exponent or index. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math symbols</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Various mathematical squiggles. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math functions</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Math function names like sin and exp. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math accents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Accents in math. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Spacing in math mode</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Thick, medium, thin and negative spaces. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Math miscellany</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stuff that doesn&textrsquo;t fit anywhere else. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts"><nodename>Subscripts & superscripts</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math symbols</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Subscripts & superscripts</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">superscript</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">subscript</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">exponent</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">_</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">^</indexterm></findex> +<node name="Subscripts-_0026-superscripts" spaces=" "><nodename>Subscripts & superscripts</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math symbols</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Subscripts & superscripts</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="223">superscript</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="224">subscript</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="225">exponent</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="353">_</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="354">^</indexterm></findex> <para>To get an expression <i>exp</i> to appear as a subscript, you just type <code>_{</code><i>exp</i><code>}</code>. To get <i>exp</i> to appear as a @@ -4190,953 +4224,953 @@ superscript. </para> </section> -<node name="Math-symbols"><nodename>Math symbols</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math functions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Subscripts & superscripts</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Math symbols</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">math symbols</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">symbols, math</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">greek letters</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Math-symbols" spaces=" "><nodename>Math symbols</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math functions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Subscripts & superscripts</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math symbols</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="226">math symbols</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="227">symbols, math</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="228">greek letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; provides almost any mathematical symbol you&textrsquo;re likely to need. The commands for generating them can be used only in math mode. For example, if you include <code>$\pi$</code> in your source, you will get the pi symbol (<math>\pi</math>) in your output. </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\|</indexterm>\|</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="355">\|</indexterm>\|</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\|</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\aleph</indexterm>\aleph</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="356">\aleph</indexterm>\aleph</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\aleph</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\alpha</indexterm>\alpha</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="357">\alpha</indexterm>\alpha</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\alpha</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\amalg</indexterm>\amalg</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="358">\amalg</indexterm>\amalg</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\amalg</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\angle</indexterm>\angle</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="359">\angle</indexterm>\angle</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\angle</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\approx</indexterm>\approx</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="360">\approx</indexterm>\approx</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\approx</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ast</indexterm>\ast</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="361">\ast</indexterm>\ast</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\ast</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\asymp</indexterm>\asymp</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="362">\asymp</indexterm>\asymp</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\asymp</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\backslash</indexterm>\backslash</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="363">\backslash</indexterm>\backslash</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>\ (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\beta</indexterm>\beta</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="364">\beta</indexterm>\beta</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\beta</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigcap</indexterm>\bigcap</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="365">\bigcap</indexterm>\bigcap</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigcap</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigcirc</indexterm>\bigcirc</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="366">\bigcirc</indexterm>\bigcirc</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigcirc</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigcup</indexterm>\bigcup</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="367">\bigcup</indexterm>\bigcup</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigcup</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigodot</indexterm>\bigodot</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="368">\bigodot</indexterm>\bigodot</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigodot</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigoplus</indexterm>\bigoplus</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="369">\bigoplus</indexterm>\bigoplus</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigoplus</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigotimes</indexterm>\bigotimes</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="370">\bigotimes</indexterm>\bigotimes</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigotimes</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigtriangledown</indexterm>\bigtriangledown</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="371">\bigtriangledown</indexterm>\bigtriangledown</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigtriangledown</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigtriangleup</indexterm>\bigtriangleup</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="372">\bigtriangleup</indexterm>\bigtriangleup</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigtriangleup</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigsqcup</indexterm>\bigsqcup</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="373">\bigsqcup</indexterm>\bigsqcup</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigsqcup</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\biguplus</indexterm>\biguplus</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="374">\biguplus</indexterm>\biguplus</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\biguplus</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigcap</indexterm>\bigcap</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="375">\bigcap</indexterm>\bigcap</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigvee</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bigwedge</indexterm>\bigwedge</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="376">\bigwedge</indexterm>\bigwedge</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bigwedge</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bot</indexterm>\bot</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="377">\bot</indexterm>\bot</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bot</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bowtie</indexterm>\bowtie</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="378">\bowtie</indexterm>\bowtie</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\bowtie</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Box</indexterm>\Box</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><para>(square open box symbol) <!-- xx not in plain --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="379">\Box</indexterm>\Box</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><para>(square open box symbol) <!-- c xx not in plain --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bullet</indexterm>\bullet</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bullet symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="380">\bullet</indexterm>\bullet</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="229">bullet symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para><math>\bullet</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\cap</indexterm>\cap</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="381">\cap</indexterm>\cap</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\cap</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\cdot</indexterm>\cdot</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="382">\cdot</indexterm>\cdot</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\cdot</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\chi</indexterm>\chi</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="383">\chi</indexterm>\chi</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\chi</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\circ</indexterm>\circ</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="384">\circ</indexterm>\circ</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\circ</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\clubsuit</indexterm>\clubsuit</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="385">\clubsuit</indexterm>\clubsuit</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\clubsuit</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\cong</indexterm>\cong</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="386">\cong</indexterm>\cong</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\cong</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\coprod</indexterm>\coprod</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="387">\coprod</indexterm>\coprod</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\coprod</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\cup</indexterm>\cup</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="388">\cup</indexterm>\cup</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\cup</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\dagger</indexterm>\dagger</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="389">\dagger</indexterm>\dagger</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\dagger</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\dashv</indexterm>\dashv</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="390">\dashv</indexterm>\dashv</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\dashv</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ddagger</indexterm>\ddagger</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="391">\ddagger</indexterm>\ddagger</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\dagger</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Delta</indexterm>\Delta</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="392">\Delta</indexterm>\Delta</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Delta</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\delta</indexterm>\delta</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="393">\delta</indexterm>\delta</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\delta</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Diamond</indexterm>\Diamond</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><para>bigger <math>\diamond</math> <!-- xx not in plain --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="394">\Diamond</indexterm>\Diamond</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><para>bigger <math>\diamond</math> <!-- c xx not in plain --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\diamond</indexterm>\diamond</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="395">\diamond</indexterm>\diamond</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\diamond</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\diamondsuit</indexterm>\diamondsuit</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="396">\diamondsuit</indexterm>\diamondsuit</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\diamondsuit</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\div</indexterm>\div</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="397">\div</indexterm>\div</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\div</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\doteq</indexterm>\doteq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="398">\doteq</indexterm>\doteq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\doteq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\downarrow</indexterm>\downarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="399">\downarrow</indexterm>\downarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\downarrow</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Downarrow</indexterm>\Downarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="400">\Downarrow</indexterm>\Downarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Downarrow</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ell</indexterm>\ell</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="401">\ell</indexterm>\ell</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\ell</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\emptyset</indexterm>\emptyset</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="402">\emptyset</indexterm>\emptyset</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\emptyset</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\epsilon</indexterm>\epsilon</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="403">\epsilon</indexterm>\epsilon</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\epsilon</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\equiv</indexterm>\equiv</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="404">\equiv</indexterm>\equiv</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\equiv</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\eta</indexterm>\eta</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="405">\eta</indexterm>\eta</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\eta</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\exists</indexterm>\exists</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="406">\exists</indexterm>\exists</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\exists</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\flat</indexterm>\flat</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="407">\flat</indexterm>\flat</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\flat</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\forall</indexterm>\forall</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="408">\forall</indexterm>\forall</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\forall</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\frown</indexterm>\frown</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="409">\frown</indexterm>\frown</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\frown</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Gamma</indexterm>\Gamma</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="410">\Gamma</indexterm>\Gamma</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Gamma</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\gamma</indexterm>\gamma</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="411">\gamma</indexterm>\gamma</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\gamma</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ge</indexterm>\ge</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="412">\ge</indexterm>\ge</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\ge</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\geq</indexterm>\geq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="413">\geq</indexterm>\geq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\geq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\gets</indexterm>\gets</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="414">\gets</indexterm>\gets</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\gets</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\gg</indexterm>\gg</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="415">\gg</indexterm>\gg</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\gg</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\hbar</indexterm>\hbar</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="416">\hbar</indexterm>\hbar</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\hbar</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\heartsuit</indexterm>\heartsuit</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="417">\heartsuit</indexterm>\heartsuit</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\heartsuit</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\hookleftarrow</indexterm>\hookleftarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="418">\hookleftarrow</indexterm>\hookleftarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\hookleftarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\hookrightarrow</indexterm>\hookrightarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="419">\hookrightarrow</indexterm>\hookrightarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\hookrightarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\iff</indexterm>\iff</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="420">\iff</indexterm>\iff</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\iff</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Im</indexterm>\Im</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="421">\Im</indexterm>\Im</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Im</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\in</indexterm>\in</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="422">\in</indexterm>\in</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\in</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\infty</indexterm>\infty</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="423">\infty</indexterm>\infty</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\infty</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\int</indexterm>\int</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="424">\int</indexterm>\int</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\int</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\iota</indexterm>\iota</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="425">\iota</indexterm>\iota</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\iota</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Join</indexterm>\Join</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><para>condensed bowtie symbol (relation) <!-- xx not in plain --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="426">\Join</indexterm>\Join</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><para>condensed bowtie symbol (relation) <!-- c xx not in plain --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\kappa</indexterm>\kappa</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="427">\kappa</indexterm>\kappa</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\kappa</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Lambda</indexterm>\Lambda</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="428">\Lambda</indexterm>\Lambda</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Lambda</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lambda</indexterm>\lambda</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="429">\lambda</indexterm>\lambda</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\lambda</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\land</indexterm>\land</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="430">\land</indexterm>\land</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\land</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\langle</indexterm>\langle</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="431">\langle</indexterm>\langle</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\langle</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lbrace</indexterm>\lbrace</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="432">\lbrace</indexterm>\lbrace</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\lbrace</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lbrack</indexterm>\lbrack</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="433">\lbrack</indexterm>\lbrack</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\lbrack</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lceil</indexterm>\lceil</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="434">\lceil</indexterm>\lceil</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\lceil</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\le</indexterm>\le</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="435">\le</indexterm>\le</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\le</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\leadsto</indexterm>\leadsto</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><!-- xx missing from plain --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="436">\leadsto</indexterm>\leadsto</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><!-- c xx missing from plain --> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Leftarrow</indexterm>\Leftarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="437">\Leftarrow</indexterm>\Leftarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Leftarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\leftarrow</indexterm>\leftarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="438">\leftarrow</indexterm>\leftarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\leftarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\leftharpoondown</indexterm>\leftharpoondown</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="439">\leftharpoondown</indexterm>\leftharpoondown</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\leftharpoondown</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\leftharpoonup</indexterm>\leftharpoonup</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="440">\leftharpoonup</indexterm>\leftharpoonup</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\leftharpoonup</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Leftrightarrow</indexterm>\Leftrightarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="441">\Leftrightarrow</indexterm>\Leftrightarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Leftrightarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\leftrightarrow</indexterm>\leftrightarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="442">\leftrightarrow</indexterm>\leftrightarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\leftrightarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\leq</indexterm>\leq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="443">\leq</indexterm>\leq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\leq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lfloor</indexterm>\lfloor</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="444">\lfloor</indexterm>\lfloor</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\lfloor</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lhd</indexterm>\lhd</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><para>(left-pointing arrow head) <!-- xx not in plain --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="445">\lhd</indexterm>\lhd</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><para>(left-pointing arrow head) <!-- c xx not in plain --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ll</indexterm>\ll</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="446">\ll</indexterm>\ll</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\ll</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lnot</indexterm>\lnot</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="447">\lnot</indexterm>\lnot</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\lnot</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\longleftarrow</indexterm>\longleftarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="448">\longleftarrow</indexterm>\longleftarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\longleftarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\longleftrightarrow</indexterm>\longleftrightarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="449">\longleftrightarrow</indexterm>\longleftrightarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\longleftrightarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\longmapsto</indexterm>\longmapsto</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="450">\longmapsto</indexterm>\longmapsto</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\longmapsto</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\longrightarrow</indexterm>\longrightarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="451">\longrightarrow</indexterm>\longrightarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\longrightarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lor</indexterm>\lor</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="452">\lor</indexterm>\lor</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\lor</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\mapsto</indexterm>\mapsto</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="453">\mapsto</indexterm>\mapsto</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\mapsto</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\mho</indexterm>\mho</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><!-- xx not in plain --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="454">\mho</indexterm>\mho</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><!-- c xx not in plain --> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\mid</indexterm>\mid</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="455">\mid</indexterm>\mid</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\mid</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\models</indexterm>\models</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="456">\models</indexterm>\models</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\models</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\mp</indexterm>\mp</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="457">\mp</indexterm>\mp</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\mp</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\mu</indexterm>\mu</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="458">\mu</indexterm>\mu</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\mu</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\nabla</indexterm>\nabla</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="459">\nabla</indexterm>\nabla</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\nabla</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\natural</indexterm>\natural</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="460">\natural</indexterm>\natural</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\natural</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ne</indexterm>\ne</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="461">\ne</indexterm>\ne</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\ne</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\nearrow</indexterm>\nearrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="462">\nearrow</indexterm>\nearrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\nearrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\neg</indexterm>\neg</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="463">\neg</indexterm>\neg</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\neg</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\neq</indexterm>\neq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="464">\neq</indexterm>\neq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\neq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ni</indexterm>\ni</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="465">\ni</indexterm>\ni</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\ni</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\not</indexterm>\not</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="466">\not</indexterm>\not</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Overstrike a following operator with a /, as in <math>\not=</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\notin</indexterm>\notin</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="467">\notin</indexterm>\notin</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\ni</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\nu</indexterm>\nu</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="468">\nu</indexterm>\nu</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\nu</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\nwarrow</indexterm>\nwarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="469">\nwarrow</indexterm>\nwarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\nwarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\odot</indexterm>\odot</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="470">\odot</indexterm>\odot</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\odot</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\oint</indexterm>\oint</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="471">\oint</indexterm>\oint</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\oint</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Omega</indexterm>\Omega</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="472">\Omega</indexterm>\Omega</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Omega</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\omega</indexterm>\omega</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="473">\omega</indexterm>\omega</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\omega</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ominus</indexterm>\ominus</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="474">\ominus</indexterm>\ominus</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\ominus</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\oplus</indexterm>\oplus</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="475">\oplus</indexterm>\oplus</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\oplus</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\oslash</indexterm>\oslash</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="476">\oslash</indexterm>\oslash</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\oslash</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\otimes</indexterm>\otimes</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="477">\otimes</indexterm>\otimes</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\otimes</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\owns</indexterm>\owns</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="478">\owns</indexterm>\owns</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\owns</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\parallel</indexterm>\parallel</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="479">\parallel</indexterm>\parallel</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\parallel</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\partial</indexterm>\partial</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="480">\partial</indexterm>\partial</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\partial</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\perp</indexterm>\perp</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="481">\perp</indexterm>\perp</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\perp</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\phi</indexterm>\phi</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="482">\phi</indexterm>\phi</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\phi</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Pi</indexterm>\Pi</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="483">\Pi</indexterm>\Pi</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Pi</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\pi</indexterm>\pi</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="484">\pi</indexterm>\pi</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\pi</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\pm</indexterm>\pm</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="485">\pm</indexterm>\pm</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\pm</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\prec</indexterm>\prec</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="486">\prec</indexterm>\prec</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\prec</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\preceq</indexterm>\preceq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="487">\preceq</indexterm>\preceq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\preceq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\prime</indexterm>\prime</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="488">\prime</indexterm>\prime</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\prime</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\prod</indexterm>\prod</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="489">\prod</indexterm>\prod</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\prod</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\propto</indexterm>\propto</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="490">\propto</indexterm>\propto</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\propto</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Psi</indexterm>\Psi</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="491">\Psi</indexterm>\Psi</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Psi</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\psi</indexterm>\psi</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="492">\psi</indexterm>\psi</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\psi</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rangle</indexterm>\rangle</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="493">\rangle</indexterm>\rangle</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\rangle</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rbrace</indexterm>\rbrace</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="494">\rbrace</indexterm>\rbrace</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\rbrace</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rbrack</indexterm>\rbrack</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="495">\rbrack</indexterm>\rbrack</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\rbrack</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rceil</indexterm>\rceil</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="496">\rceil</indexterm>\rceil</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\rceil</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Re</indexterm>\Re</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="497">\Re</indexterm>\Re</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Re</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rfloor</indexterm>\rfloor</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="498">\rfloor</indexterm>\rfloor</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\rfloor</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rhd</indexterm>\rhd</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><para>(binary operation) <!-- xx not in plain @math{\rhd} --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="499">\rhd</indexterm>\rhd</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><para>(binary operation) <!-- c xx not in plain @math{\rhd} --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rho</indexterm>\rho</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="500">\rho</indexterm>\rho</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\rho</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Rightarrow</indexterm>\Rightarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="501">\Rightarrow</indexterm>\Rightarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Rightarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rightarrow</indexterm>\rightarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="502">\rightarrow</indexterm>\rightarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\rightarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rightharpoondown</indexterm>\rightharpoondown</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="503">\rightharpoondown</indexterm>\rightharpoondown</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\rightharpoondown</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rightharpoonup</indexterm>\rightharpoonup</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="504">\rightharpoonup</indexterm>\rightharpoonup</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\rightharpoonup</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rightleftharpoons</indexterm>\rightleftharpoons</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="505">\rightleftharpoons</indexterm>\rightleftharpoons</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\rightleftharpoons</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\searrow</indexterm>\searrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="506">\searrow</indexterm>\searrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\searrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\setminus</indexterm>\setminus</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="507">\setminus</indexterm>\setminus</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\setminus</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sharp</indexterm>\sharp</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="508">\sharp</indexterm>\sharp</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sharp</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Sigma</indexterm>\Sigma</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="509">\Sigma</indexterm>\Sigma</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Sigma</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sigma</indexterm>\sigma</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="510">\sigma</indexterm>\sigma</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sigma</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sim</indexterm>\sim</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="511">\sim</indexterm>\sim</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sim</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\simeq</indexterm>\simeq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="512">\simeq</indexterm>\simeq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\simeq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\smallint</indexterm>\smallint</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="513">\smallint</indexterm>\smallint</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\smallint</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\smile</indexterm>\smile</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="514">\smile</indexterm>\smile</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\smile</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\spadesuit</indexterm>\spadesuit</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="515">\spadesuit</indexterm>\spadesuit</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\spadesuit</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sqcap</indexterm>\sqcap</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="516">\sqcap</indexterm>\sqcap</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sqcap</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sqcup</indexterm>\sqcup</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="517">\sqcup</indexterm>\sqcup</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sqcup</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sqsubset</indexterm>\sqsubset</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><para>(relation) <!-- not in plain (@math{\sqsubset}) --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="518">\sqsubset</indexterm>\sqsubset</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><para>(relation) <!-- c not in plain (@math{\sqsubset}) --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sqsubseteq</indexterm>\sqsubseteq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="519">\sqsubseteq</indexterm>\sqsubseteq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sqsubseteq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sqsupset</indexterm>\sqsupset</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><para>(relation) <!-- not in plain (@math{\sqsupset}) --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="520">\sqsupset</indexterm>\sqsupset</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><para>(relation) <!-- c not in plain (@math{\sqsupset}) --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sqsupseteq</indexterm>\sqsupseteq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="521">\sqsupseteq</indexterm>\sqsupseteq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sqsupseteq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\star</indexterm>\star</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="522">\star</indexterm>\star</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\star</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\subset</indexterm>\subset</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="523">\subset</indexterm>\subset</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\subset</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\subseteq</indexterm>\subseteq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="524">\subseteq</indexterm>\subseteq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\subseteq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\succ</indexterm>\succ</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="525">\succ</indexterm>\succ</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\succ</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\succeq</indexterm>\succeq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="526">\succeq</indexterm>\succeq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\succeq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sum</indexterm>\sum</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="527">\sum</indexterm>\sum</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sum</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\supset</indexterm>\supset</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="528">\supset</indexterm>\supset</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\supset</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\supseteq</indexterm>\supseteq</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="529">\supseteq</indexterm>\supseteq</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\supseteq</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\surd</indexterm>\surd</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="530">\surd</indexterm>\surd</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\surd</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\swarrow</indexterm>\swarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="531">\swarrow</indexterm>\swarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\swarrow</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\tau</indexterm>\tau</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="532">\tau</indexterm>\tau</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\tau</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\theta</indexterm>\theta</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="533">\theta</indexterm>\theta</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\theta</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\times</indexterm>\times</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="534">\times</indexterm>\times</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\times</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\to</indexterm>\to</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="535">\to</indexterm>\to</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\to</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\top</indexterm>\top</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="536">\top</indexterm>\top</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\top</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\triangle</indexterm>\triangle</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="537">\triangle</indexterm>\triangle</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\triangle</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\triangleleft</indexterm>\triangleleft</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="538">\triangleleft</indexterm>\triangleleft</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\triangleleft</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\triangleright</indexterm>\triangleright</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="539">\triangleright</indexterm>\triangleright</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\triangleright</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\unlhd</indexterm>\unlhd</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><para>left-pointing arrowhead with line under (binary operation) <!-- not in plain --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="540">\unlhd</indexterm>\unlhd</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><para>left-pointing arrowhead with line under (binary operation) <!-- c not in plain --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\unrhd</indexterm>\unrhd</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><para>right-pointing arrowhead with line under (binary operation) <!-- not in plain --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="541">\unrhd</indexterm>\unrhd</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><para>right-pointing arrowhead with line under (binary operation) <!-- c not in plain --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Uparrow</indexterm>\Uparrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="542">\Uparrow</indexterm>\Uparrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Uparrow</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\uparrow</indexterm>\uparrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="543">\uparrow</indexterm>\uparrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\uparrow</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Updownarrow</indexterm>\Updownarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="544">\Updownarrow</indexterm>\Updownarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Updownarrow</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\updownarrow</indexterm>\updownarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="545">\updownarrow</indexterm>\updownarrow</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\updownarrow</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\uplus</indexterm>\uplus</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="546">\uplus</indexterm>\uplus</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\uplus</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Upsilon</indexterm>\Upsilon</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="547">\Upsilon</indexterm>\Upsilon</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Upsilon</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\upsilon</indexterm>\upsilon</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="548">\upsilon</indexterm>\upsilon</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\upsilon</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\varepsilon</indexterm>\varepsilon</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="549">\varepsilon</indexterm>\varepsilon</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\varepsilon</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\varphi</indexterm>\varphi</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="550">\varphi</indexterm>\varphi</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\varphi</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\varpi</indexterm>\varpi</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="551">\varpi</indexterm>\varpi</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\varpi</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\varrho</indexterm>\varrho</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="552">\varrho</indexterm>\varrho</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\varrho</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\varsigma</indexterm>\varsigma</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="553">\varsigma</indexterm>\varsigma</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\varsigma</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\vartheta</indexterm>\vartheta</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="554">\vartheta</indexterm>\vartheta</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\vartheta</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\vdash</indexterm>\vdash</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="555">\vdash</indexterm>\vdash</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\vdash</math> (relation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\vee</indexterm>\vee</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="556">\vee</indexterm>\vee</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\vee</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Vert</indexterm>\Vert</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="557">\Vert</indexterm>\Vert</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Vert</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\vert</indexterm>\vert</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="558">\vert</indexterm>\vert</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\vert</math> (delimiter) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\wedge</indexterm>\wedge</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="559">\wedge</indexterm>\wedge</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\wedge</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\wp</indexterm>\wp</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="560">\wp</indexterm>\wp</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\wp</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\wr</indexterm>\wr</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="561">\wr</indexterm>\wr</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\wr</math> (binary operation) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Xi</indexterm>\Xi</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="562">\Xi</indexterm>\Xi</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Xi</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\xi</indexterm>\xi</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="563">\xi</indexterm>\xi</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\xi</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\zeta</indexterm>\zeta</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="564">\zeta</indexterm>\zeta</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\zeta</math> </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> </section> -<node name="Math-functions"><nodename>Math functions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math accents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Math functions</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">math functions</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">functions, math</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Math-functions" spaces=" "><nodename>Math functions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math accents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math symbols</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math functions</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="230">math functions</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="231">functions, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper spacing. </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\arccos</indexterm>\arccos</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="565">\arccos</indexterm>\arccos</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\arccos</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\arcsin</indexterm>\arcsin</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="566">\arcsin</indexterm>\arcsin</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\arcsin</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\arctan</indexterm>\arctan</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="567">\arctan</indexterm>\arctan</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\arctan</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\arg</indexterm>\arg</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="568">\arg</indexterm>\arg</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\arg</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bmod</indexterm>\bmod</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="569">\bmod</indexterm>\bmod</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Binary modulo operator (<math>x \bmod y</math>) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\cos</indexterm>\cos</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="570">\cos</indexterm>\cos</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\cos</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\cosh</indexterm>\cosh</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="571">\cosh</indexterm>\cosh</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\cosh</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\cot</indexterm>\cot</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="572">\cot</indexterm>\cot</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\cos</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\coth</indexterm>\coth</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="573">\coth</indexterm>\coth</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\cosh</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\csc</indexterm>\csc</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="574">\csc</indexterm>\csc</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\csc</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\deg</indexterm>\deg</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="575">\deg</indexterm>\deg</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\deg</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\det</indexterm>\det</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="576">\det</indexterm>\det</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\deg</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\dim</indexterm>\dim</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="577">\dim</indexterm>\dim</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\dim</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\exp</indexterm>\exp</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="578">\exp</indexterm>\exp</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\exp</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\gcd</indexterm>\gcd</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="579">\gcd</indexterm>\gcd</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\gcd</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\hom</indexterm>\hom</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="580">\hom</indexterm>\hom</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\hom</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\inf</indexterm>\inf</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="581">\inf</indexterm>\inf</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\inf</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ker</indexterm>\ker</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="582">\ker</indexterm>\ker</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\ker</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lg</indexterm>\lg</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="583">\lg</indexterm>\lg</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\lg</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lim</indexterm>\lim</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="584">\lim</indexterm>\lim</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\lim</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\liminf</indexterm>\liminf</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="585">\liminf</indexterm>\liminf</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\liminf</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\limsup</indexterm>\limsup</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="586">\limsup</indexterm>\limsup</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\limsup</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ln</indexterm>\ln</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="587">\ln</indexterm>\ln</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\ln</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\log</indexterm>\log</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="588">\log</indexterm>\log</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\log</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\max</indexterm>\max</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="589">\max</indexterm>\max</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\max</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\min</indexterm>\min</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="590">\min</indexterm>\min</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\min</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\pmod</indexterm>\pmod</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="591">\pmod</indexterm>\pmod</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>parenthesized modulus, as in (<math>\pmod 2^n - 1</math>) </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\Pr</indexterm>\Pr</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="592">\Pr</indexterm>\Pr</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\Pr</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sec</indexterm>\sec</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="593">\sec</indexterm>\sec</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sec</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sin</indexterm>\sin</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="594">\sin</indexterm>\sin</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sin</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sinh</indexterm>\sinh</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="595">\sinh</indexterm>\sinh</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sinh</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sup</indexterm>\sup</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="596">\sup</indexterm>\sup</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\sup</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\tan</indexterm>\tan</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="597">\tan</indexterm>\tan</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\tan</math> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\tanh</indexterm>\tanh</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="598">\tanh</indexterm>\tanh</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para><math>\tanh</math> </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> </section> -<node name="Math-accents"><nodename>Math accents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math functions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Math accents</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">math accents</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">accents, mathematical</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Math-accents" spaces=" "><nodename>Math accents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math functions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math accents</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="232">math accents</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="233">accents, mathematical</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters in math. These are different from accents in normal text -(<pxref><xrefnodename>Accents</xrefnodename></pxref>). +(<pxref label="Accents"><xrefnodename>Accents</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\acute</indexterm>\acute</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">acute accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="599">\acute</indexterm>\acute</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="234">acute accent, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math acute accent: <math>\acute{x}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\bar</indexterm>\bar</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bar-over accent, math</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">macron accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="600">\bar</indexterm>\bar</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="235">bar-over accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="236">macron accent, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math bar-over accent: <math>\bar{x}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\breve</indexterm>\breve</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">breve accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="601">\breve</indexterm>\breve</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="237">breve accent, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math breve accent: <math>\breve{x}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\check</indexterm>\check</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">check accent, math</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">h<accent type="acute">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek accent, math</indexterm></cindex> -<para>Math h<accent type="acute">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek (check) accent: <math>\check{x}</math>. +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="602">\check</indexterm>\check</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="238">check accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="239">h<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +<para>Math h<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek (check) accent: <math>\check{x}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ddot</indexterm>\ddot</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double dot accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="603">\ddot</indexterm>\ddot</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="240">double dot accent, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math dieresis accent: <math>\ddot{x}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\dot</indexterm>\dot</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">overdot accent, math</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dot over accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="604">\dot</indexterm>\dot</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="241">overdot accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="242">dot over accent, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math dot accent: <math>\dot{x}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\grave</indexterm>\grave</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">grave accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="605">\grave</indexterm>\grave</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="243">grave accent, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math grave accent: <math>\grave{x}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\hat</indexterm>\hat</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">circumflex accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="606">\hat</indexterm>\hat</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="244">hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="245">circumflex accent, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math hat (circumflex) accent: <math>\hat{x}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\imath</indexterm>\imath</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dotless i, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="607">\imath</indexterm>\imath</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="246">dotless i, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math dotless i. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\jmath</indexterm>\jmath</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dotless j, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="608">\jmath</indexterm>\jmath</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="247">dotless j, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math dotless j. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\mathring</indexterm>\mathring</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ring accent, math</indexterm></cindex> -<para>Math ring accent: <accent type="ring">x</accent>. <!-- don't bother implementing in texinfo --> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="609">\mathring</indexterm>\mathring</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="248">ring accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +<para>Math ring accent: <accent type="ring">x</accent>. <!-- c don't bother implementing in texinfo --> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\tilde</indexterm>\tilde</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">tilde accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="610">\tilde</indexterm>\tilde</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="249">tilde accent, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math tilde accent: <math>\tilde{x}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\vec</indexterm>\vec</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">vector symbol, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="611">\vec</indexterm>\vec</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="250">vector symbol, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math vector symbol: <math>\vec{x}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\widehat</indexterm>\widehat</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">wide hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="612">\widehat</indexterm>\widehat</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="251">wide hat accent, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math wide hat accent: <math>\widehat{x+y}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\widehat</indexterm>\widehat</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">wide tile accent, math</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="613">\widehat</indexterm>\widehat</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="252">wide tile accent, math</indexterm></cindex> <para>Math wide tilde accent: <math>\widetilde{x+y}</math>. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> </section> -<node name="Spacing-in-math-mode"><nodename>Spacing in math mode</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math accents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Spacing in math mode</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">spacing within math mode</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Spacing-in-math-mode" spaces=" "><nodename>Spacing in math mode</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Math miscellany</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math accents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Spacing in math mode</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="253">spacing within math mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="254">math mode, spacing</indexterm></cindex> <para>In a <code>math</code> environment, &latex; ignores the spaces you type and puts in the spacing according to the normal rules for mathematics texts. If you want different spacing, &latex; provides the following commands for use in math mode: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\;</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\;</indexterm></findex> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\;</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="614">\;</indexterm></findex> <para>A thick space (<math>5\over18\,</math>quad). -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\:</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\></itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\:</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\></indexterm></findex> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\:</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\></itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="615">\:</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="616">\></indexterm></findex> <para>Both of these produce a medium space (<math>2\over9\,</math>quad). -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\,</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\,</indexterm></findex> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\,</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="617">\,</indexterm></findex> <para>A thin space (<math>1\over6\,</math>quad); not restricted to math mode. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\!</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\!</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>A negative thin space (<math>-{1\over6}\,</math>quad). </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> </section> -<node name="Math-miscellany"><nodename>Math miscellany</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Math miscellany</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">math miscellany</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Math-miscellany" spaces=" "><nodename>Math miscellany</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Spacing in math mode</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Math miscellany</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="255">math miscellany</indexterm></cindex> -<ftable commandarg="code"> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <beforefirstitem> -</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\*</indexterm>\*</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">discretionary multiplication</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">multiplication symbol, discretionary line break</indexterm></cindex> +</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="618">\*</indexterm>\*</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="256">discretionary multiplication</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="257">multiplication symbol, discretionary line break</indexterm></cindex> <para>A &textldquo;discretionary&textrdquo; multiplication symbol, at which a line break is allowed. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\cdots</indexterm>\cdots</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="619">\cdots</indexterm>\cdots</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>A horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line. -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> As in: &textlsquo;$\cdots$&textrsquo;. </tex> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ddots</indexterm>\ddots</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="620">\ddots</indexterm>\ddots</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>A diagonal ellipsis: <math>\ddots</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\frac{num}{den}</indexterm>\frac{num}{den}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\frac</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="621">\frac{num}{den}</indexterm>\frac{num}{den}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="622">\frac</indexterm></findex> <para>Produces the fraction <code>num</code> divided by <code>den</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\left <var>delim1</var> ... \right <var>delim2</var></indexterm>\left <var>delim1</var> ... \right <var>delim2</var></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\right</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">null delimiter</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="623">\left <var>delim1</var> ... \right <var>delim2</var></indexterm>\left <var>delim1</var> ... \right <var>delim2</var></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="624">\right</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="258">null delimiter</indexterm></cindex> <para>The two delimiters need not match; <samp>.</samp> acts as a null delimiter, producing no output. The delimiters are sized according to the math in between. Example: <code>\left( \sum_i=1^10 a_i \right]</code>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\overbrace{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\overbrace{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="625">\overbrace{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\overbrace{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Generates a brace over <var>text</var>. For example, <math>\overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \rm\;times}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\overline{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\overline{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="626">\overline{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\overline{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Generates a horizontal line over <var>tex</var>. For exampe, <math>\overline{x+y}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\sqrt[<var>root</var>]{arg}</indexterm>\sqrt[<var>root</var>]{arg}</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="627">\sqrt[<var>root</var>]{arg}</indexterm>\sqrt[<var>root</var>]{arg}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Produces the representation of the square root of <var>arg</var>. The optional argument <var>root</var> determines what root to produce. For example, the cube root of <code>x+y</code> would be typed as <code>$\sqrt[3]{x+y}$</code>. -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> In &tex;, the result looks like this: $\root 3 \of x+y$. </tex> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\stackrel{<var>text</var>}{<var>relation</var>}</indexterm>\stackrel{<var>text</var>}{<var>relation</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="628">\stackrel{<var>text</var>}{<var>relation</var>}</indexterm>\stackrel{<var>text</var>}{<var>relation</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Puts <var>text</var> above <var>relation</var>. For example, <code>\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}</code>. -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> In &tex;, the result looks like this: $\buildrel f \over \longrightarrow$. </tex> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\underbrace{math}</indexterm>\underbrace{math}</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="629">\underbrace{math}</indexterm>\underbrace{math}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Generates <var>math</var> with a brace underneath. -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> In &tex;, the result looks like this: $\underbrace{x+y+z}_{>\,0}$. </tex> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\underline{text}</indexterm>\underline{text}</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="630">\underline{text}</indexterm>\underline{text}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Causes <var>text</var>, which may be either math mode or not, to be underlined. The line is always below the text, taking account of descenders. -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> In &tex;, the result looks like this: $\underline{xyz}$ </tex> </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\vdots</indexterm>\vdots</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\vdots</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="631">\vdots</indexterm>\vdots</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="632">\vdots</indexterm></findex> <para>Produces a vertical ellipsis. -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> In &tex;, the result looks like this: $\vdots$. </tex> @@ -5146,19 +5180,19 @@ $\vdots$. </section> </chapter> -<node name="Modes"><nodename>Modes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page styles</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Modes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">modes</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">math mode</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">left-to-right mode</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">lR mode</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Modes" spaces=" "><nodename>Modes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Page styles</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Math formulas</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Modes</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="259">modes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="260">paragraph mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="261">math mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="262">left-to-right mode</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="263">lR mode</indexterm></cindex> <para>When &latex; is processing your input text, it is always in one of three modes: </para> -<itemize commandarg="bullet"><itemprepend>•</itemprepend> +<itemize commandarg="bullet" spaces=" " endspaces=" "><itemprepend><formattingcommand command="bullet"/></itemprepend> <listitem><prepend>•</prepend> <para>Paragraph mode </para></listitem><listitem><prepend>•</prepend> @@ -5196,57 +5230,57 @@ in, is called &textldquo;outer paragraph mode&textrdquo;. </para> </chapter> -<node name="Page-styles"><nodename>Page styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Spaces</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Modes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Page styles</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">styles, page</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">page styles</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Page-styles" spaces=" "><nodename>Page styles</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Spaces</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Modes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Page styles</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="264">styles, page</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="265">page styles</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\documentclass</code> command determines the size and position of the page&textrsquo;s head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\maketitle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generate a title page. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\pagenumbering</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the style used for page numbers. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\pagestyle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the headings/footings style. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\thispagestyle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the headings/footings style for this page. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\maketitle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Generate a title page. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\pagenumbering</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Set the style used for page numbers. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\pagestyle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the headings/footings style. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\thispagestyle</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Change the headings/footings style for this page. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005cmaketitle"><nodename>\maketitle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagenumbering</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\maketitle</code></sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">titles, making</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\maketitle</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cmaketitle" spaces=" "><nodename>\maketitle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagenumbering</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\maketitle</code></sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="266">titles, making</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="633">\maketitle</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\maketitle</code> command generates a title on a separate title page&textmdash;except in the <code>article</code> class, where the title is placed at the top of the first page. Information used to produce the title is obtained from the following declarations: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\author{<var>name</var> \and <var>name2</var>}</indexterm>\author{<var>name</var> \and <var>name2</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">author, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>for <code>\author</code></r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\and <r>for <code>\author</code></r></indexterm></findex> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="634">\author{<var>name</var> \and <var>name2</var>}</indexterm>\author{<var>name</var> \and <var>name2</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="267">author, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="635">\\ <r>for <code>\author</code></r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="636">\and <r>for <code>\author</code></r></indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\author</code> command declares the document author(s), where the argument is a list of authors separated by <code>\and</code> commands. Use <code>\\</code> to separate lines within a single author&textrsquo;s entry&textmdash;for example, to give the author&textrsquo;s institution or address. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\date{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\date{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">date, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="637">\date{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\date{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="268">date, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\date</code> command declares <var>text</var> to be the document&textrsquo;s -date. With no <code>\date</code> command, the current date (<pxref><xrefnodename>\today</xrefnodename></pxref>) +date. With no <code>\date</code> command, the current date (<pxref label="_005ctoday"><xrefnodename>\today</xrefnodename></pxref>) is used. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\thanks{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\thanks{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">thanks, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">credit footnote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="638">\thanks{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\thanks{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="269">thanks, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="270">credit footnote</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\thanks</code> command produces a <code>\footnote</code> to the title, usually used for credit acknowledgements. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\title{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\title{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">title, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>for <code>\title</code></r></indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="639">\title{<var>text</var>}</indexterm>\title{<var>text</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="271">title, for titlepage</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="640">\\ <r>for <code>\title</code></r></indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\title</code> command declares <var>text</var> to be the title of the document. Use <code>\\</code> to force a line break, as usual. </para> @@ -5254,62 +5288,62 @@ document. Use <code>\\</code> to force a line break, as usual. </section> -<node name="_005cpagenumbering"><nodename>\pagenumbering</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagestyle</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\maketitle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\pagenumbering</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\pagenumbering</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">page numbering style</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cpagenumbering" spaces=" "><nodename>\pagenumbering</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\pagestyle</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\maketitle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pagenumbering</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="641">\pagenumbering</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="272">page numbering style</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\pagenumbering{<var>style</var>} </pre></example> <para>Specifies the style of page numbers, according to <var>style</var>: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">arabic</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">arabic</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>arabic numerals -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">roman</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">roman</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>lowercase Roman numerals -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">Roman</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">Roman</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>uppercase Roman numerals -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">alph</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">alph</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>lowercase letters -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">Alph</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">Alph</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>uppercase letters </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> </section> -<node name="_005cpagestyle"><nodename>\pagestyle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thispagestyle</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\pagenumbering</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\pagestyle</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\pagestyle</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">header style</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">footer style</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">running header and footer style</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cpagestyle" spaces=" "><nodename>\pagestyle</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thispagestyle</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\pagenumbering</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\pagestyle</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="642">\pagestyle</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="273">header style</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="274">footer style</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="275">running header and footer style</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\pagestyle{<var>style</var>} </pre></example> <para>The <code>\pagestyle</code> command specifies how the headers and footers are typeset from the current page onwards. Values for <var>style</var>: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">plain</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">plain</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Just a plain page number. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">empty</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">empty</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Empty headers and footers, e.g., no page numbers. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">headings</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">headings</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Put running headers on each page. The document style specifies what goes in the headers. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">myheadings</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">myheadings</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Custom headers, specified via the <code>\markboth</code> or the <code>\markright</code> commands. </para> @@ -5317,8 +5351,8 @@ goes in the headers. <para>Here are the descriptions of <code>\markboth</code> and <code>\markright</code>: </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\markboth{<var>left</var>}{<var>right</var>}</indexterm>\markboth{<var>left</var>}{<var>right</var>}</itemformat></item> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="643">\markboth{<var>left</var>}{<var>right</var>}</indexterm>\markboth{<var>left</var>}{<var>right</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets both the left and the right heading. A &textldquo;left-hand heading&textrdquo; (<var>left</var>) is generated by the last <code>\markboth</code> command before the end of the page, while a &textldquo;right-hand heading&textrdquo; (<var>right</var> is @@ -5326,16 +5360,16 @@ generated by the first <code>\markboth</code> or <code>\markright</code> that comes on the page if there is one, otherwise by the last one before the page. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\markright{<var>right</var>}</indexterm>\markright{<var>right</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="644">\markright{<var>right</var>}</indexterm>\markright{<var>right</var>}</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> </section> -<node name="_005cthispagestyle"><nodename>\thispagestyle</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\pagestyle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\thispagestyle</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cthispagestyle" spaces=" "><nodename>\thispagestyle</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\pagestyle</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Page styles</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thispagestyle{<var>style</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="645">\thispagestyle</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\thispagestyle</code> command works in the same manner as the <code>\pagestyle</code> command (see previous section) except that it @@ -5344,42 +5378,42 @@ changes to <var>style</var> for the current page only. </section> </chapter> -<node name="Spaces"><nodename>Spaces</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Boxes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Page styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Spaces</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">spaces</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Spaces" spaces=" "><nodename>Spaces</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Boxes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Page styles</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Spaces</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="276">spaces</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. </para> <para>Another space-producing command is <code>\,</code> to produce a &textldquo;thin&textrdquo; space (usually 1/6<dmn>quad</dmn>). It can be used in text mode, but is -more often useful in math mode (<pxref><xrefnodename>Spacing in math mode</xrefnodename></pxref>). +more often useful in math mode (<pxref label="Spacing-in-math-mode"><xrefnodename>Spacing in math mode</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<menu> +<menu endspaces=" "> <menucomment><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal space -</pre></menucomment><menuentry><menunode>\hspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fixed horizontal space. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\hfill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable horizontal space. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\SPACE</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Normal interword space. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\AT</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Ending a sentence. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\thinspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">One-sixth of an em. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\/</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Per-character italic correction. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\hrulefill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable horizontal rule. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\dotfill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable horizontal dots. +</pre></menucomment><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fixed horizontal space. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hfill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable horizontal space. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\SPACE</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Normal interword space. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\AT</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Ending a sentence. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\thinspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">One-sixth of an em. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\/</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Per-character italic correction. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\hrulefill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable horizontal rule. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\dotfill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Stretchable horizontal dots. </pre></menudescription></menuentry><menucomment><pre xml:space="preserve"> Vertical space -</pre></menucomment><menuentry><menunode>\addvspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add arbitrary vertical space if needed. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fixed vertical spaces. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\vfill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Infinitely stretchable vertical space. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\vspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add arbitrary vertical space. +</pre></menucomment><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\addvspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add arbitrary vertical space if needed. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Fixed vertical spaces. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\vfill</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Infinitely stretchable vertical space. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\vspace</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add arbitrary vertical space. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005chspace"><nodename>\hspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hfill</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\hspace</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\hspace</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005chspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\hspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hfill</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hspace</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="646">\hspace</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\hspace[*]{<var>length</var>} </pre></example> @@ -5395,26 +5429,26 @@ form. </para> </section> -<node name="_005chfill"><nodename>\hfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\SPACE</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\hspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\hfill</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005chfill" spaces=" "><nodename>\hfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\SPACE</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\hspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hfill</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\hfill</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="647">\hfill</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\hfill</code> fill command produces a &textldquo;rubber length&textrdquo; which has no natural space but can stretch or shrink horizontally as far as needed. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fill</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="648">\fill</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\fill</code> parameter is the rubber length itself (technically, the glue value <samp>0pt plus1fill</samp>); thus, <code>\hspace\fill</code> is equivalent to <code>\hfill</code>. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cSPACE"><nodename>\SPACE</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\AT</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\hfill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\SPACE</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\SPACE</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\TAB</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\NEWLINE</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cSPACE" spaces=" "><nodename>\SPACE</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\AT</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\hfill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\SPACE</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="649">\SPACE</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="650">\TAB</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="651">\NEWLINE</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\ </code> (space) command produces a normal interword space. It&textrsquo;s useful after punctuation which shouldn&textrsquo;t end a sentence. For example @@ -5427,33 +5461,33 @@ are equivalent to <code>\ </code>. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cAT"><nodename>\AT</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thinspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\SPACE</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\&arobase;</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cAT" spaces=" "><nodename>\AT</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\thinspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\SPACE</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\&arobase;</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="652">\&arobase;</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\&arobase;</code> command makes the following punctuation character end a sentence even if it normally would not. This is typically used after a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without <code>\&arobase;</code>: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">&dots; in C\&arobase;. Pascal, though &dots; &dots; in C. Pascal, though &dots; </pre></example> -<noindent></noindent><para>produces +<noindent></noindent> <para>produces </para> -<!-- Texinfo does it differently, but the result is the same. --> -<quotation> -<para>&dots; in C&eosperiod; Pascal, though &dots; +<!-- c Texinfo does it differently, but the result is the same. --> +<quotation endspaces=" "> +<para>&dots; in C&eosperiod; Pascal, though &dots;&linebreak; &dots; in C. Pascal, though &dots; </para></quotation> </section> -<node name="_005cthinspace"><nodename>\thinspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\/</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\AT</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\thinspace</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\thinspace</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cthinspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\thinspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\/</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\AT</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\thinspace</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="653">\thinspace</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\thinspace</code> produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that is 1/6 of an em. This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as @@ -5461,9 +5495,9 @@ in &textrsquo;<dmn>&textrdquo;</dmn>. </para> </section> -<node name="_005c_002f"><nodename>\/</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hrulefill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thinspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\/</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\/</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005c_002f" spaces=" "><nodename>\/</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\hrulefill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\thinspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\/</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="654">\/</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\/</code> command produces an <dfn>italic correction</dfn>. This is a small space defined by the font designer for a given character, @@ -5474,7 +5508,7 @@ to avoid the character colliding with whatever follows. The italic insert an italic correction, since those punctuation symbols have a very small height. However, with semicolons or colons, as well as normal letters, it can help. Compare -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> {\it f\/: f\/;} </tex> <i>f: f;</i> (in the &tex; output, the &textlsquo;f&textrsquo;s are nicely separated) @@ -5482,7 +5516,7 @@ with <i>f: f;</i>. </para> <para>Despite the name, roman characters can also have an italic correction. Compare -<tex> +<tex endspaces=" "> pdf\/\TeX{} </tex> pdf&tex; (in the &tex; output, there is a small space after the &textlsquo;f&textrsquo;) @@ -5490,9 +5524,9 @@ with pdf&tex;. </para> </section> -<node name="_005chrulefill"><nodename>\hrulefill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\dotfill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\/</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\hrulefill</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\hrulefill</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005chrulefill" spaces=" "><nodename>\hrulefill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\dotfill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\/</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\hrulefill</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="655">\hrulefill</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\hrulefill</code> fill command produces a &textldquo;rubber length&textrdquo; which can stretch or shrink horizontally. It will be filled with a horizontal @@ -5500,22 +5534,22 @@ rule. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cdotfill"><nodename>\dotfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addvspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\hrulefill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\dotfill</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005cdotfill" spaces=" "><nodename>\dotfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addvspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\hrulefill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\dotfill</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\dotfill</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="656">\dotfill</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\dotfill</code> command produces a &textldquo;rubber length&textrdquo; that fills with dots instead of just white space. </para> -<!-- xx undone --> +<!-- c xx undone --> </section> -<node name="_005caddvspace"><nodename>\addvspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\dotfill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\addvspace</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\addvspace</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">vertical space</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">space, inserting vertical</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005caddvspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\addvspace</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\dotfill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\addvspace</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="657">\addvspace</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="277">vertical space</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="278">space, inserting vertical</indexterm></cindex> <para><code>\addvspace{length}</code> </para> @@ -5527,27 +5561,27 @@ of the total vertical space equal to <code>length</code>. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip"><nodename>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vfill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addvspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005cbigskip-_005cmedskip-_005csmallskip" spaces=" "><nodename>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vfill</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\addvspace</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</code></sectiontitle> <para>These commands produce a given amount of space. </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\bigskip</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\bigskip</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\bigskipamount</indexterm></findex> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\bigskip</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="658">\bigskip</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="659">\bigskipamount</indexterm></findex> <para>The same as <code>\vspace{bigskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about one line space (with stretch and shrink). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\medskip</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\medskip</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\medskipamount</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\medskip</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="660">\medskip</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="661">\medskipamount</indexterm></findex> <para>The same as <code>\vspace{medskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about half of a line space (with stretch and shrink). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\smallskip</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\smallskip</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\smallskipamount</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\smallskip</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="662">\smallskip</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="663">\smallskipamount</indexterm></findex> <para>The same as <code>\vspace{smallskipamount}</code>, ordinarily about a quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink). </para> @@ -5557,23 +5591,23 @@ quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink). </para> </section> -<node name="_005cvfill"><nodename>\vfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\vfill</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\vfill</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cvfill" spaces=" "><nodename>\vfill</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\vspace</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\bigskip \medskip \smallskip</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vfill</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="664">\vfill</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\vfill</code> fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It&textrsquo;s equivalent to -<code>\vspace{\fill}</code> (<pxref><xrefnodename>\hfill</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<code>\vspace{\fill}</code> (<pxref label="_005chfill"><xrefnodename>\hfill</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> </section> -<node name="_005cvspace"><nodename>\vspace</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\vfill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\vspace</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cvspace" spaces=" "><nodename>\vspace</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\vfill</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Spaces</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="665">\vspace</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\vspace[*]{<var>length</var>} </pre></example> @@ -5587,47 +5621,47 @@ space is not removed. </section> </chapter> -<node name="Boxes"><nodename>Boxes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Special insertions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Spaces</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Boxes</sectiontitle> +<node name="Boxes" spaces=" "><nodename>Boxes</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Special insertions</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Spaces</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Boxes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">boxes</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="279">boxes</indexterm></cindex> -<para>All the predefined length parameters (<pxref><xrefnodename>Predefined lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>) can be +<para>All the predefined length parameters (<pxref label="Predefined-lengths"><xrefnodename>Predefined lengths</xrefnodename></pxref>) can be used in the arguments of the box-making commands. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\mbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal boxes. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\fbox and \framebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Put a frame around a box. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>lrbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">An environment like \sbox. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\makebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Box, adjustable position. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\parbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Box with text in paragraph mode. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\raisebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Raise or lower text. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\savebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Like \makebox, but save the text for later use. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\sbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Like \mbox, but save the text for later use. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\usebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Print saved text. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\mbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Horizontal boxes. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\fbox and \framebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Put a frame around a box. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">lrbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">An environment like \sbox. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\makebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Box, adjustable position. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\parbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Box with text in paragraph mode. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\raisebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Raise or lower text. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\savebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Like \makebox, but save the text for later use. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\sbox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Like \mbox, but save the text for later use. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\usebox</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Print saved text. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005cmbox"><nodename>\mbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\fbox and \framebox</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\mbox{<var>text}</var></code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\mbox</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cmbox" spaces=" "><nodename>\mbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\fbox and \framebox</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\mbox{<var>text}</var></code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="666">\mbox</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">hyphenation, preventing</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="280">hyphenation, preventing</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\mbox</code> command creates a box just wide enough to hold the text created by its argument. The <var>text</var> is not broken into lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox"><nodename>\fbox and \framebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">lrbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\mbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\fbox</code> and <code>\framebox</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005cfbox-and-_005cframebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\fbox and \framebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">lrbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\mbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\fbox</code> and <code>\framebox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fbox</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\framebox</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="667">\fbox</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="668">\framebox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopses: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\fbox{<var>text</var>} \framebox[<var>width</var>][<var>position</var>]{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> @@ -5638,22 +5672,22 @@ except that they put a frame around the outside of the box being created. <para>In addition, the <code>\framebox</code> command allows for explicit specification of the box width with the optional <var>width</var> argument (a dimension), and positioning with the optional <var>position</var> -argument. <!-- xxref --> +argument. <!-- c xxref --> </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fboxrule</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\fboxsep</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="669">\fboxrule</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="670">\fboxsep</indexterm></findex> <para>Both commands produce a rule of thickness <code>\fboxrule</code> (default <samp>.4pt</samp>), and leave a space of <code>\fboxsep</code> (default <samp>3pt</samp>) between the rule and the contents of the box. </para> -<para><xref><xrefnodename>\framebox (picture)</xrefnodename></xref>, for the <code>\framebox</code> command in the +<para><xref label="_005cframebox-_0028picture_0029"><xrefnodename>\framebox (picture)</xrefnodename></xref>, for the <code>\framebox</code> command in the <code>picture</code> environment. </para> </section> -<node name="lrbox"><nodename>lrbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\fbox and \framebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>lrbox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">lrbox</indexterm></findex> +<node name="lrbox" spaces=" "><nodename>lrbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\fbox and \framebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>lrbox</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="671">lrbox</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}</code> </para> @@ -5664,13 +5698,13 @@ must have been declared with <code>\newsavebox</code>. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cmakebox"><nodename>\makebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\parbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">lrbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\makebox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\makebox</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cmakebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\makebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\parbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">lrbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\makebox</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="672">\makebox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\makebox[<var>width</var>][<var>position</var>]{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> @@ -5680,30 +5714,30 @@ optional <var>width</var> argument. The position of the text within the box is determined by the optional <var>position</var> argument, which may take the following values: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">c</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">c</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Centered (default). -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">l</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Flush left. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">r</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Flush right. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">s</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">s</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>Stretch (justify) across entire <var>width</var>; <var>text</var> must contain stretchable space for this to work. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> <para><code>\makebox</code> is also used within the picture environment -<pxref><xrefnodename>\makebox (picture)</xrefnodename></pxref>. +<pxref label="_005cmakebox-_0028picture_0029"><xrefnodename>\makebox (picture)</xrefnodename></pxref>. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cparbox"><nodename>\parbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\raisebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\parbox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\parbox</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cparbox" spaces=" "><nodename>\parbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\raisebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\parbox</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="673">\parbox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\parbox[<var>position</var>][<var>height</var>][<var>inner-pos</var>]{<var>width</var>}{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> @@ -5713,14 +5747,14 @@ pieces of text, with nothing fancy inside. In particular, you shouldn&textrsquo;t use any paragraph-making environments inside a <code>\parbox</code> argument. For larger pieces of text, including ones containing a paragraph-making environment, you should use a -<code>minipage</code> environment (<pxref><xrefnodename>minipage</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<code>minipage</code> environment (<pxref label="minipage"><xrefnodename>minipage</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> <para><code>\parbox</code> has two mandatory arguments: </para> -<table commandarg="var"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">width</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="var" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">width</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>the width of the parbox; -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">text</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">text</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>the text that goes inside the parbox. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> @@ -5733,27 +5767,27 @@ text (default is top). <para>The <var>inner-pos</var> argument controls the placement of the text inside the box, as follows; if it is not specified, <var>position</var> is used. </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">t</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>text is placed at the top of the box. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">c</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">c</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>text is centered in the box. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">b</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>text is placed at the bottom of the box. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">s</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">s</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>stretch vertically; the text must contain vertically stretchable space for this to work. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> </section> -<node name="_005craisebox"><nodename>\raisebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\savebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\parbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\raisebox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\raisebox</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005craisebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\raisebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\savebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\parbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\raisebox</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="674">\raisebox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\raisebox{distance}[<var>height</var>][<var>depth</var>]{text} </pre></example> @@ -5769,112 +5803,112 @@ ignoring its natural height and depth. </para> </section> -<node name="_005csavebox"><nodename>\savebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\sbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\raisebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\savebox</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\savebox</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005csavebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\savebox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\sbox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\raisebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\savebox</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="675">\savebox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\savebox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}[<var>width</var>][<var>pos</var>]{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> <para>This command typeset <var>text</var> in a box just as with <code>\makebox</code> -(<pxref><xrefnodename>\makebox</xrefnodename></pxref>), except that instead of printing the resulting box, +(<pxref label="_005cmakebox"><xrefnodename>\makebox</xrefnodename></pxref>), except that instead of printing the resulting box, it saves it in the box labeled <var>\boxcmd</var>, which must have been -declared with <code>\newsavebox</code> (<pxref><xrefnodename>\newsavebox</xrefnodename></pxref>). +declared with <code>\newsavebox</code> (<pxref label="_005cnewsavebox"><xrefnodename>\newsavebox</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> </section> -<node name="_005csbox"><nodename>\sbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\usebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\savebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\sbox</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005csbox" spaces=" "><nodename>\sbox</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\usebox</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\savebox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="676">\sbox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\sbox{<var>\boxcmd</var>}{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> <para><code>\sbox</code> types <var>text</var> in a box just as with <code>\mbox</code> -(<pxref><xrefnodename>\mbox</xrefnodename></pxref>) except that instead of the resulting box being +(<pxref label="_005cmbox"><xrefnodename>\mbox</xrefnodename></pxref>) except that instead of the resulting box being included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled <var>\boxcmd</var>. <var>\boxcmd</var> must have been previously declared with -<code>\newsavebox</code> (<pxref><xrefnodename>\newsavebox</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<code>\newsavebox</code> (<pxref label="_005cnewsavebox"><xrefnodename>\newsavebox</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> </section> -<node name="_005cusebox"><nodename>\usebox</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\sbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var></code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\usebox</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cusebox" spaces=" "><nodename>\usebox</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\sbox</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Boxes</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var></code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="677">\usebox</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\usebox{<var>\boxcmd</var>} </pre></example> <para><code>\usebox</code> producesthe box most recently saved in the bin -<var>\boxcmd</var> by a <code>\savebox</code> command (<pxref><xrefnodename>\savebox</xrefnodename></pxref>). +<var>\boxcmd</var> by a <code>\savebox</code> command (<pxref label="_005csavebox"><xrefnodename>\savebox</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> </section> </chapter> -<node name="Special-insertions"><nodename>Special insertions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Boxes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Special insertions</sectiontitle> +<node name="Special-insertions" spaces=" "><nodename>Special insertions</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Boxes</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Special insertions</sectiontitle> <para>&latex; provides commands for inserting characters that have a special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>Reserved characters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { } -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Text symbols</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting other non-letter symbols in text. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Accents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting accents. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Non-English characters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting other non-English characters. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\rule</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting lines and rectangles. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\today</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting today&textrsquo;s date. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Reserved characters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { } +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Text symbols</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting other non-letter symbols in text. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Accents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting accents. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">Non-English characters</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting other non-English characters. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\rule</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting lines and rectangles. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\today</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Inserting today&textrsquo;s date. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="Reserved-characters"><nodename>Reserved characters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Text symbols</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Reserved characters</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">reserved characters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">characters, reserved</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Reserved-characters" spaces=" "><nodename>Reserved characters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Text symbols</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Reserved characters</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="281">reserved characters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="282">characters, reserved</indexterm></cindex> <para>The following characters play a special role in &latex; and are called &textldquo;reserved characters&textrdquo; or &textldquo;special characters&textrdquo;. </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve"># $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { } </pre></example> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\#</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\$</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\%</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\&</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\_</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\{</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\}</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="678">\#</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="679">\$</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="680">\%</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="681">\&</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="682">\_</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="683">\{</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="684">\}</indexterm></findex> <para>Whenever you write one of these characters into your file, &latex; will do something special. If you simply want the character to be printed as itself, include a <code>\</code> in front of the character. For example, <code>\$</code> will produce <code>$</code> in your output. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\backslash</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="685">\backslash</indexterm></findex> <para>One exception to this rule is <code>\</code> itself, because <code>\\</code> has its own special (context-dependent) meaning. A roman \ is produced by typing <code>$\backslash$</code> in your file, and a typewriter <code>\</code> is -produced by using <samp>\</samp> in a verbatim command (<pxref><xrefnodename>verbatim</xrefnodename></pxref>). +produced by using <samp>\</samp> in a verbatim command (<pxref label="verbatim"><xrefnodename>verbatim</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\~</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\^</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="686">\~</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="687">\^</indexterm></findex> <para>Also, <code>\~</code> and <code>\^</code> place tilde and circumflex accents over -the following letter, as in <accent type="tilde">o</accent> and <accent type="circ">o</accent> (<pxref><xrefnodename>Accents</xrefnodename></pxref>); to get +the following letter, as in <accent type="tilde">o</accent> and <accent type="circ">o</accent> (<pxref label="Accents"><xrefnodename>Accents</xrefnodename></pxref>); to get a standalone <code>~</code> or <code>^</code>, you can again use a verbatim command. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\symbol</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">accessing any character of a font</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="688">\symbol</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="283">accessing any character of a font</indexterm></cindex> <para>Finally, you can access any character of the current font once you know its number by using the <code>\symbol</code> command. For example, the @@ -5887,289 +5921,289 @@ with <code>"</code>, so the previous example could also be written as </para> </section> -<node name="Text-symbols"><nodename>Text symbols</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Accents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Reserved characters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Text symbols</sectiontitle> +<node name="Text-symbols" spaces=" "><nodename>Text symbols</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Accents</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Reserved characters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Text symbols</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">text symbols</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">textcomp <r>package</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="284">text symbols</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="689">textcomp <r>package</r></indexterm></findex> <para>&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in running text. Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are not available in OT1; you may need to load the <code>textcomp</code> package. </para> -<ftable commandarg="code"> +<ftable commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <beforefirstitem> -</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\copyright</indexterm>\copyright</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textcopyright</indexterm>\textcopyright</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">copyright symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="690">\copyright</indexterm>\copyright</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="691">\textcopyright</indexterm>\textcopyright</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="285">copyright symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para>The copyright symbol, ©right;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\dag</indexterm>\dag</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="692">\dag</indexterm>\dag</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="286">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>The dagger symbol (in text). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ddag</indexterm>\ddag</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="693">\ddag</indexterm>\ddag</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="287">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>The double dagger symbol (in text). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\LaTeX</indexterm>\LaTeX</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">&latex; logo</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">logo, &latex;</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="694">\LaTeX</indexterm>\LaTeX</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="288">&latex; logo</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="289">logo, &latex;</indexterm></cindex> <para>The &latex; logo. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\guillemotleft <r>(«)</r></indexterm>\guillemotleft <r>(«)</r></itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\guillemotright <r>(»)</r></indexterm>\guillemotright <r>(»)</r></itemformat></itemx> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></itemformat></itemx> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double guillemets</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">single guillemets</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">left angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">right angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">single angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">French quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">quotation marks, French</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="695">\guillemotleft <r>(«)</r></indexterm>\guillemotleft <r>(«)</r></itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="696">\guillemotright <r>(»)</r></indexterm>\guillemotright <r>(»)</r></itemformat></itemx> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="697">\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglleft <r>(‹)</r></itemformat></itemx> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="698">\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></indexterm>\guilsinglright <r>(›)</r></itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="290">double guillemets</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="291">single guillemets</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="292">left angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="293">right angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="294">double angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="295">single angle quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="296">French quotation marks</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="297">quotation marks, French</indexterm></cindex> <para>Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French: «, », ‹, ›. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\dots</indexterm>\dots</itemformat></itemx> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textellipsis</indexterm>\textellipsis</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ellipsis</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="699">\ldots</indexterm>\ldots</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="700">\dots</indexterm>\dots</itemformat></itemx> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="701">\textellipsis</indexterm>\textellipsis</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="298">ellipsis</indexterm></cindex> <para>An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): &textlsquo;&dots;&textrsquo;. <code>\ldots</code> and <code>\dots</code> also work in math mode. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\lq</indexterm>\lq</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">left quote</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">opening quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="702">\lq</indexterm>\lq</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="299">left quote</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="300">opening quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>Left (opening) quote: &textlsquo;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\P</indexterm>\P</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textparagraph</indexterm>\textparagraph</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">paragraph symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">pilcrow</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="703">\P</indexterm>\P</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="704">\textparagraph</indexterm>\textparagraph</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="301">paragraph symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="302">pilcrow</indexterm></cindex> <para>Paragraph sign (pilcrow). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\pounds</indexterm>\pounds</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textsterling</indexterm>\textsterling</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">pounds symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">sterling symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="705">\pounds</indexterm>\pounds</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="706">\textsterling</indexterm>\textsterling</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="303">pounds symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="304">sterling symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para>English pounds sterling: £. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></indexterm>\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></indexterm>\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">single low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="707">\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></indexterm>\quotedblbase <r>(„)</r></itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="708">\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></indexterm>\quotesinglbase <r>(‚)</r></itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="305">double low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="306">single low-9 quotation mark</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="307">low-9 quotation marks, single and double</indexterm></cindex> <para>Double and single quotation marks on the baseline: „ and ‚. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\rq</indexterm>\rq</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">right quote</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">closing quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="709">\rq</indexterm>\rq</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="308">right quote</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="309">closing quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>Right (closing) quote: &textrsquo;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\S</indexterm>\S</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">section symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="710">\S</indexterm>\S</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="310">section symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para>Section symbol. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\TeX</indexterm>\TeX</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">&tex; logo</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">logo, &tex;</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="711">\TeX</indexterm>\TeX</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="311">&tex; logo</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="312">logo, &tex;</indexterm></cindex> <para>The &tex; logo. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textasciicircum</indexterm>\textasciicircum</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">circumflex, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ASCII circumflex, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="712">\textasciicircum</indexterm>\textasciicircum</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="313">circumflex, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="314">ASCII circumflex, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>ASCII circumflex: ^. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textasciitilde</indexterm>\textasciitilde</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">tilde, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ASCII tilde, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="713">\textasciitilde</indexterm>\textasciitilde</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="315">tilde, ASCII, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="316">ASCII tilde, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>ASCII tilde: ~. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textasteriskcentered</indexterm>\textasteriskcentered</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">asterisk, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">centered asterisk, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="714">\textasteriskcentered</indexterm>\textasteriskcentered</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="317">asterisk, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="318">centered asterisk, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Centered asterisk: *. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textbackslash</indexterm>\textbackslash</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">backslash, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="715">\textbackslash</indexterm>\textbackslash</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="319">backslash, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Backslash: \. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textbar</indexterm>\textbar</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bar, vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="716">\textbar</indexterm>\textbar</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="320">vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="321">bar, vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Vertical bar: |. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textbardbl</indexterm>\textbardbl</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">vertical bar, double, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bar, double vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="717">\textbardbl</indexterm>\textbardbl</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="322">vertical bar, double, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="323">bar, double vertical, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="324">double vertical bar, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Double vertical bar. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textbigcircle</indexterm>\textbigcircle</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">big circle symbols, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">circle symbol, big, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="718">\textbigcircle</indexterm>\textbigcircle</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="325">big circle symbols, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="326">circle symbol, big, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Big circle symbol. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textbraceleft</indexterm>\textbraceleft</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">left brace, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">brace, left, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="719">\textbraceleft</indexterm>\textbraceleft</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="327">left brace, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="328">brace, left, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Left brace: {. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textbraceright</indexterm>\textbraceright</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">right brace, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">brace, right, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="720">\textbraceright</indexterm>\textbraceright</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="329">right brace, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="330">brace, right, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Right brace: }. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textbullet</indexterm>\textbullet</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bullet, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="721">\textbullet</indexterm>\textbullet</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="331">bullet, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Bullet: •. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</indexterm>\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">circled letter, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="722">\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</indexterm>\textcircled{<var>letter</var>}</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="332">circled letter, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para><var>letter</var> in a circle, as in ®istered;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcompwordmark</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textcapitalwordmark</indexterm>\textcapitalwordmark</itemformat></itemx> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textascenderwordmark</indexterm>\textascenderwordmark</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">composite word mark, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">cap height</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ascender height</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="723">\textcompwordmark</indexterm>\textcompwordmark</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="724">\textcapitalwordmark</indexterm>\textcapitalwordmark</itemformat></itemx> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="725">\textascenderwordmark</indexterm>\textascenderwordmark</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="333">composite word mark, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="334">cap height</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="335">ascender height</indexterm></cindex> <para>Composite word mark (invisible). The <code>\textcapital...</code> form has the cap height of the font, while the <code>\textascender...</code> form has the ascender height. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textdagger</indexterm>\textdagger</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="726">\textdagger</indexterm>\textdagger</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="336">dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Dagger: <math>\dag</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textdaggerdbl</indexterm>\textdaggerdbl</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dagger, double, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="727">\textdaggerdbl</indexterm>\textdaggerdbl</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="337">dagger, double, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="338">double dagger, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Double dagger: <math>\ddag</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textdollar <r>(or <code>$</code>)</r></indexterm>\textdollar <r>(or <code>$</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dollar sign</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">currency, dollar</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="728">\textdollar <r>(or <code>$</code>)</r></indexterm>\textdollar <r>(or <code>$</code>)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="339">dollar sign</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="340">currency, dollar</indexterm></cindex> <para>Dollar sign: $. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></indexterm>\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">em-dash</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="729">\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></indexterm>\textemdash <r>(or <code>---</code>)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="341">em-dash</indexterm></cindex> <para>Em-dash: &textmdash; (for punctuation). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></indexterm>\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">e-dash</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="730">\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></indexterm>\textendash <r>(or <code>--</code>)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="342">e-dash</indexterm></cindex> <para>En-dash: &textmdash; (for ranges). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\texteuro</indexterm>\texteuro</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">euro symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">currency, euro</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="731">\texteuro</indexterm>\texteuro</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="343">euro symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="344">currency, euro</indexterm></cindex> <para>The Euro symbol: €. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">exclamation point, upside-down</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="732">\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textexclamdown <r>(or <code>!`</code>)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="345">exclamation point, upside-down</indexterm></cindex> <para>Upside down exclamation point: ¡. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textgreater</indexterm>\textgreater</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">greater than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="733">\textgreater</indexterm>\textgreater</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="346">greater than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Greater than: >. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textless</indexterm>\textless</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">less than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="734">\textless</indexterm>\textless</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="347">less than symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Less than: <. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textleftarrow</indexterm>\textleftarrow</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">arrow, left, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">left arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="735">\textleftarrow</indexterm>\textleftarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="348">arrow, left, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="349">left arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Left arrow. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textordfeminine</indexterm>\textordfeminine</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textordmasculine</indexterm>\textordmasculine</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">masculine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="736">\textordfeminine</indexterm>\textordfeminine</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="737">\textordmasculine</indexterm>\textordmasculine</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="350">feminine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="351">masculine ordinal symbol</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="352">ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="353">Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</indexterm></cindex> <para>Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: ª, º. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textperiodcentered</indexterm>\textperiodcentered</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">period, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">centered period, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="738">\textperiodcentered</indexterm>\textperiodcentered</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="354">period, centered, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="355">centered period, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Centered period: <math>\cdot</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">questionation point, upside-down</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="739">\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquestiondown <r>(or <code>?`</code>)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="356">questionation point, upside-down</indexterm></cindex> <para>Upside down questionation point: ¿. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">left quote, double</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double left quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="740">\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblleft <r>(or <code>``</code>)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="357">left quote, double</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="358">double left quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>Double left quote: &textldquo;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">right quote, double</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double right quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="741">\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquotedblright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="359">right quote, double</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="360">double right quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>Double right quote: &textrdquo;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">left quote, single</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">single left quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="742">\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteleft <r>(or <code>`</code>)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="361">left quote, single</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="362">single left quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>Single left quote: &textlsquo;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">right quote, single</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">single right quote</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="743">\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></indexterm>\textquoteright <r>(or <code>'</code>)</r></itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="363">right quote, single</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="364">single right quote</indexterm></cindex> <para>Single right quote: &textrsquo;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textquotestraightbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightbase</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textquotestraightdblbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightdblbase</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">straight quote, base</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">double quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">straight double quote, base</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="744">\textquotestraightbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightbase</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="745">\textquotestraightdblbase</indexterm>\textquotestraightdblbase</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="365">quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="366">straight quote, base</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="367">double quote, straight base</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="368">straight double quote, base</indexterm></cindex> <para>Single and double straight quotes on the baseline. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textregistered</indexterm>\textregistered</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">registered symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="746">\textregistered</indexterm>\textregistered</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="369">registered symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para>Registered symbol: ®istered;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textrightarrow</indexterm>\textrightarrow</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">arrow, right, in text</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">right arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="747">\textrightarrow</indexterm>\textrightarrow</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="370">arrow, right, in text</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="371">right arrow, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Right arrow. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textthreequartersemdash</indexterm>\textthreequartersemdash</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">three-quarters em-dash</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">em-dash, three-quarters</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="748">\textthreequartersemdash</indexterm>\textthreequartersemdash</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="372">three-quarters em-dash</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="373">em-dash, three-quarters</indexterm></cindex> <para>&textldquo;Three-quarters&textrdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\texttrademark</indexterm>\texttrademark</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">trademark symbol</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="749">\texttrademark</indexterm>\texttrademark</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="374">trademark symbol</indexterm></cindex> <para>Trademark symbol: <math>^{\hbox{TM}}</math>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\texttwelveudash</indexterm>\texttwelveudash</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">two-thirds em-dash</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">em-dash, two-thirds</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="750">\texttwelveudash</indexterm>\texttwelveudash</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="375">two-thirds em-dash</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="376">em-dash, two-thirds</indexterm></cindex> <para>&textldquo;Two-thirds&textrdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textunderscore</indexterm>\textunderscore</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">underscore, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="751">\textunderscore</indexterm>\textunderscore</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="377">underscore, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Underscore: _. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn">\textvisiblespace</indexterm>\textvisiblespace</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">visible space symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code"><indexterm index="fn" number="752">\textvisiblespace</indexterm>\textvisiblespace</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="378">visible space symbol, in text</indexterm></cindex> <para>Visible space symbol. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></ftable> </section> -<node name="Accents"><nodename>Accents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Non-English characters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Text symbols</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Accents</sectiontitle> +<node name="Accents" spaces=" "><nodename>Accents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Non-English characters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Text symbols</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Accents</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">accents</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">characters, accented</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">letters, accented</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="379">accents</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="380">characters, accented</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="381">letters, accented</indexterm></cindex> <para>&latex; has wide support for many of the world&textrsquo;s scripts and languages, through the <code>babel</code> package and related support. This @@ -6179,296 +6213,296 @@ the core &latex; commands for creating accented characters. <para>The <code>\capital...</code> commands produce alternative forms for use with capital letters. These are not available with OT1. </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\"</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitaldieresis</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\" <r>(umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitaldieresis</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dieresis accent</indexterm></cindex> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\"</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaldieresis</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="753">\" <r>(umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="754">\capitaldieresis</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="382">umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="383">dieresis accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces an umlaut (dieresis), as in <accent type="uml">o</accent>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\'</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalacute</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\&textrsquo; <r>(acute accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalacute</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">acute accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\'</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalacute</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="755">\&textrsquo; <r>(acute accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="756">\capitalacute</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="384">acute accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces an acute accent, as in <accent type="acute">o</accent>. In the <code>tabbing</code> environment, pushes current column to the right of the previous column -(<pxref><xrefnodename>tabbing</xrefnodename></pxref>). +(<pxref label="tabbing"><xrefnodename>tabbing</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\.</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\. <r>(dot-over accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dot accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dot-over accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\.</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="757">\. <r>(dot-over accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="385">dot accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="386">dot-over accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a dot accent over the following, as in <accent type="dotaccent">o</accent>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\=</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalmacron</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\= <r>(macron accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalmacron</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">macron accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">overbar accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bar-over accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\=</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalmacron</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="758">\= <r>(macron accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="759">\capitalmacron</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="387">macron accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="388">overbar accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="389">bar-over accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a macron (overbar) accent over the following, as in <accent type="macr">o</accent>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\^</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalcircumflex</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\^ <r>(circumflex accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalcircumflex</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">circumflex accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">hat accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\^</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcircumflex</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="760">\^ <r>(circumflex accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="761">\capitalcircumflex</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="390">circumflex accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="391">hat accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a circumflex (hat) accent over the following, as in <accent type="circ">o</accent>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\`</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalgrave</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\&textlsquo; <r>(grave accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalgrave</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">grave accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\`</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalgrave</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="762">\&textlsquo; <r>(grave accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="763">\capitalgrave</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="392">grave accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a grave accent over the following, as in <accent type="grave">o</accent>. In the <code>tabbing</code> environment, move following text to the right margin -(<pxref><xrefnodename>tabbing</xrefnodename></pxref>). +(<pxref label="tabbing"><xrefnodename>tabbing</xrefnodename></pxref>). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\~</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitaltilde</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\~ <r>(tilde accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitaltilde</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">tilde accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\~</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaltilde</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="764">\~ <r>(tilde accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="765">\capitaltilde</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="393">tilde accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a tilde accent over the following, as in <accent type="tilde">n</accent>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\b</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\b <r>(bar-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">bar-under accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\b</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="766">\b <r>(bar-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="394">bar-under accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a bar accent under the following, as in <accent type="ubaraccent">o</accent>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\c</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalcedilla</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\c <r>(cedilla accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalcedilla</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">cedilla accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\c</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcedilla</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="767">\c <r>(cedilla accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="768">\capitalcedilla</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="395">cedilla accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in <accent type="cedil">c</accent>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\d</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitaldotaccent</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\d <r>(dot-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitaldotaccent</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dot-under accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\d</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaldotaccent</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="769">\d <r>(dot-under accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="770">\capitaldotaccent</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="396">dot-under accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a dot accent under the following, as in <accent type="udotaccent">o</accent>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\H</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalhungarumlaut</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\H <r>(Hungarian umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalhungarumlaut</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">hungarian umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\H</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalhungarumlaut</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="771">\H <r>(Hungarian umlaut accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="772">\capitalhungarumlaut</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="397">hungarian umlaut accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a long Hungarian umlaut accent over the following, as in <accent type="doubleacute">o</accent>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\i</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\i <r>(dotless i)</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dotless i</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\i</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="773">\i <r>(dotless i)</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="398">dotless i</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a dotless i, as in &textlsquo;<dotless>i</dotless>&textrsquo;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\j</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\j <r>(dotless j)</r></indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">dotless j</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\j</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="774">\j <r>(dotless j)</r></indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="399">dotless j</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a dotless j, as in &textlsquo;<dotless>j</dotless>&textrsquo;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\k</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalogonek</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\k <r>(ogonek)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalogonek</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ogonek</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\k</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalogonek</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="775">\k <r>(ogonek)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="776">\capitalogonek</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="400">ogonek</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a letter with ogonek, as in &textlsquo;<accent type="ogon">o</accent>&textrsquo;. Not available in the OT1 encoding. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\r</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalring</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\r <r>(ring accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalring</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ring accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\r</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalring</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="777">\r <r>(ring accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="778">\capitalring</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="401">ring accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a ring accent, as in &textlsquo;<accent type="ring">o</accent>&textrsquo;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\t</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitaltie</itemformat></itemx> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\newtie</itemformat></itemx> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalnewtie</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\t <r>(tie-after accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitaltie</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\newtie</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalnewtie</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">tie-after accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\t</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitaltie</itemformat></itemx> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\newtie</itemformat></itemx> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalnewtie</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="779">\t <r>(tie-after accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="780">\capitaltie</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="781">\newtie</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="782">\capitalnewtie</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="402">tie-after accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a tie-after accent, as in &textlsquo;<accent type="tieaccent">oo</accent>&textrsquo;. The <code>\newtie</code> form is centered in its box. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\u</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalbreve</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\u <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalbreve</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">breve accent</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\u</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalbreve</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="783">\u <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="784">\capitalbreve</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="403">breve accent</indexterm></cindex> <para>Produces a breve accent, as in &textlsquo;<accent type="breve">o</accent>&textrsquo;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\underbar</itemformat></item> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\underbar</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">underbar</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\underbar</itemformat></item> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="785">\underbar</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="404">underbar</indexterm></cindex> <para>Not exactly an accent, this produces a bar under the argument text. The argument is always processed in horizontal mode. The bar is always a fixed position under the baseline, thus crossing through -descenders. See also <code>\underline</code> in <ref><xrefnodename>Math miscellany</xrefnodename></ref>. +descenders. See also <code>\underline</code> in <ref label="Math-miscellany"><xrefnodename>Math miscellany</xrefnodename></ref>. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\v</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\capitalcaron</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\v <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\capitalcaron</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">hacek accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">check accent</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">caron accent</indexterm></cindex> -<para>Produces a h<accent type="acute">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek (check, caron) accent, as in &textlsquo;<accent type="caron">o</accent>&textrsquo;. +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\v</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\capitalcaron</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="786">\v <r>(breve accent)</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="787">\capitalcaron</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="405">hacek accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="406">check accent</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="407">caron accent</indexterm></cindex> +<para>Produces a h<accent type="acute" bracketed="off">a</accent><accent type="caron">c</accent>ek (check, caron) accent, as in &textlsquo;<accent type="caron">o</accent>&textrsquo;. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></table> </section> -<node name="Non_002dEnglish-characters"><nodename>Non-English characters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\rule</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Accents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Non-English characters</sectiontitle> +<node name="Non_002dEnglish-characters" spaces=" "><nodename>Non-English characters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\rule</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Accents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Non-English characters</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">special characters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">non-English characters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">characters, non-English</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">letters, non-English</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="408">special characters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="409">non-English characters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="410">characters, non-English</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="411">letters, non-English</indexterm></cindex> <para>Here are the basic &latex; commands for inserting characters commonly used in languages other than English. </para> -<table commandarg="code"> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> <beforefirstitem> -</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\aa</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\AA</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\aa (å)</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\AA (Å)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">aring</indexterm></cindex> +</beforefirstitem><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\aa</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AA</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="788">\aa (å)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="789">\AA (Å)</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="412">aring</indexterm></cindex> <para>å and Å. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\ae</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\AE</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\ae (æ)</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\AE (Æ)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ae ligature</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ae</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\AE</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="790">\ae (æ)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="791">\AE (Æ)</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="413">ae ligature</indexterm></cindex> <para>æ and Æ. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\dh</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\DH</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\dh (æ)</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\DH (Æ)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">Icelandic eth</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">eth, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\dh</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DH</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="792">\dh (æ)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="793">\DH (Æ)</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="414">Icelandic eth</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="415">eth, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex> <para>Icelandic letter eth: ð and Ð. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\dj</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\DJ</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\dj</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\DJ</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\dj</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\DJ</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="794">\dj</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="795">\DJ</indexterm></findex> <para>xxxx </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\ij</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\IJ</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\ij (ij)</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\IJ (IJ)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">ij letter, Dutch</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ij</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\IJ</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="796">\ij (ij)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="797">\IJ (IJ)</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="416">ij letter, Dutch</indexterm></cindex> <para>ij and IJ (except somewhat closer together than appears here). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\l</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\L</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\l (&lslash;)</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\L (&Lslash;)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">polish l</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\l</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\L</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="798">\l (&lslash;)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="799">\L (&Lslash;)</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="417">polish l</indexterm></cindex> <para>&lslash; and &Lslash;. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\ng</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\NG</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\ng</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\NG</indexterm></findex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ng</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\NG</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="800">\ng</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="801">\NG</indexterm></findex> <para>xxxx </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\o</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\O</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\o (ø)</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\O (Ø)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">oslash</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\o</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\O</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="802">\o (ø)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="803">\O (Ø)</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="418">oslash</indexterm></cindex> <para>ø and Ø. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\oe</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\OE</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\oe (œ)</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\OE (Œ)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">oe ligature</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\oe</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\OE</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="804">\oe (œ)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="805">\OE (Œ)</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="419">oe ligature</indexterm></cindex> <para>œ and Œ. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\ss</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\SS</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\ss (ß)</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\SS (SS)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">es-zet German letter</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">sharp S letters</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\ss</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\SS</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="806">\ss (ß)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="807">\SS (SS)</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="420">es-zet German letter</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="421">sharp S letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>ß and SS. </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">\th</itemformat></item> -<itemx><itemformat command="code">\TH</itemformat></itemx> -</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\th (þ)</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\TH (Þ)</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">Icelandic thorn</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">thorn, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\th</itemformat></item> +<itemx spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">\TH</itemformat></itemx> +</tableterm><tableitem><findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="808">\th (þ)</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="809">\TH (Þ)</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="422">Icelandic thorn</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="423">thorn, Icelandic letter</indexterm></cindex> <para>Icelandic letter thorn: þ and Þ. </para> </tableitem></tableentry></table> </section> -<node name="_005crule"><nodename>\rule</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\today</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Non-English characters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\rule</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\rule</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005crule" spaces=" "><nodename>\rule</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\today</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Non-English characters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\rule</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="810">\rule</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\rule[<var>raise</var>]{<var>width</var>}{<var>thickness</var>} </pre></example> <para>The <code>\rule</code> command produces <dfn>rules</dfn>, that is, lines or rectangles. The arguments are: </para> -<table commandarg="var"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">raise</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="var" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">raise</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>How high to raise the rule (optional). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">width</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">width</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The length of the rule (mandatory). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">thickness</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">thickness</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The thickness of the rule (mandatory). </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> </section> -<node name="_005ctoday"><nodename>\today</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\rule</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\today</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\today</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005ctoday" spaces=" "><nodename>\today</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\rule</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\today</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="811">\today</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\today</code> command produces today&textrsquo;s date, in the format <samp><var>month</var> <var>dd</var>, <var>yyyy</var></samp>; for example, &textlsquo;July 4, 1976&textrsquo;. It uses the predefined counters <code>\day</code>, <code>\month</code>, and -<code>\year</code> (<pxref><xrefnodename>\day \month \year</xrefnodename></pxref>) to do this. It is not +<code>\year</code> (<pxref label="_005cday-_005cmonth-_005cyear"><xrefnodename>\day \month \year</xrefnodename></pxref>) to do this. It is not updated as the program runs. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><code>datetime</code> package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="424"><code>datetime</code> package</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>datetime</code> package, among others, can produce a wide variety of other date formats. </para> </section> </chapter> -<node name="Splitting-the-input"><nodename>Splitting the input</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Splitting the input</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">splitting the input file</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">input file</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Splitting-the-input" spaces=" "><nodename>Splitting the input</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Special insertions</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Splitting the input</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="425">splitting the input file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="426">input file</indexterm></cindex> <para>A large document requires a lot of input. Rather than putting the whole input in a single large file, it&textrsquo;s more efficient to split it into @@ -6476,45 +6510,45 @@ several smaller ones. Regardless of how many separate files you use, there is one that is the root file; it is the one whose name you type when you run &latex;. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\include</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Conditionally include a file. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\includeonly</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Determine which files are included. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\input</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Unconditionally include a file. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\include</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Conditionally include a file. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\includeonly</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Determine which files are included. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\input</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Unconditionally include a file. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005cinclude"><nodename>\include</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\includeonly</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\include</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\include</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cinclude" spaces=" "><nodename>\include</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\includeonly</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\include</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="812">\include</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\include{<var>file</var>} </pre></example> <para>If no <code>\includeonly</code> command is present, the <code>\include</code> command executes <code>\clearpage</code> to start a new page -(<pxref><xrefnodename>\clearpage</xrefnodename></pxref>), then reads <var>file</var>, then does another +(<pxref label="_005cclearpage"><xrefnodename>\clearpage</xrefnodename></pxref>), then reads <var>file</var>, then does another <code>\clearpage</code>. </para> <para>Given an <code>\includeonly</code> command, the <code>\include</code> actions are only run if <var>file</var> is listed as an argument to <code>\includeonly</code>. See the next section. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">nested <code>\include</code>, not allowed</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="427">nested <code>\include</code>, not allowed</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\include</code> command may not appear in the preamble or in a file read by another <code>\include</code> command. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cincludeonly"><nodename>\includeonly</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\input</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\include</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>\<code>includeonly</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\includeonly</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cincludeonly" spaces=" "><nodename>\includeonly</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\input</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\include</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>\<code>includeonly</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="813">\includeonly</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\includeonly{<var>file1</var>,<var>file2</var>,...} </pre></example> @@ -6528,13 +6562,13 @@ effective. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cinput"><nodename>\input</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\includeonly</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>\input</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\input</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cinput" spaces=" "><nodename>\input</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\includeonly</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>\input</sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="814">\input</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\input{<var>file</var>} </pre></example> @@ -6550,23 +6584,23 @@ is tried (<samp>foo</samp> or <samp>foo.bar</samp>). </section> </chapter> -<node name="Front_002fback-matter"><nodename>Front/back matter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Letters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Front/back matter</sectiontitle> +<node name="Front_002fback-matter" spaces=" "><nodename>Front/back matter</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Letters</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Splitting the input</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Front/back matter</sectiontitle> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>Tables of contents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Glossaries</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>Indexes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">Tables of contents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">Glossaries</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">Indexes</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="Tables-of-contents"><nodename>Tables of contents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Glossaries</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Tables of contents</sectiontitle> +<node name="Tables-of-contents" spaces=" "><nodename>Tables of contents</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Glossaries</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Tables of contents</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">table of contents, creating</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="428">table of contents, creating</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="815">\tableofcontents</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="816">.toc <r>file</r></indexterm></findex> <para>A table of contents is produced with the <code>\tableofcontents</code> command. You put the command right where you want the table of contents to go; &latex; does the rest for you. A previous run must @@ -6577,96 +6611,96 @@ not automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the table of contents, write a <code>\newpage</code> command after the <code>\tableofcontents</code> command. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\listoffigures</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\listoftables</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="817">\listoffigures</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="818">\listoftables</indexterm></findex> <para>The analogous commands <code>\listoffigures</code> and <code>\listoftables</code> produce a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\nofiles</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="819">\nofiles</indexterm></findex> <para>The command <code>\nofiles</code> overrides these commands, and <emph>prevents</emph> any of these lists from being generated. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\addcontentsline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add an entry to table of contents etc. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\addtocontents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add text directly to table of contents file etc. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\addcontentsline</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add an entry to table of contents etc. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\addtocontents</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Add text directly to table of contents file etc. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005caddcontentsline"><nodename>\addcontentsline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtocontents</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Tables of contents</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle>\addcontentsline</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\addcontentsline{<var>ext</var>}{<var>unit</var>}{<var>text</var>}</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">table of contents entry, manually adding</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005caddcontentsline" spaces=" "><nodename>\addcontentsline</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\addtocontents</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Tables of contents</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>\addcontentsline</sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="820">\addcontentsline{<var>ext</var>}{<var>unit</var>}{<var>text</var>}</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="429">table of contents entry, manually adding</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>\addcontentsline</code>{<var>ext</var>}{<var>unit</var>}{<var>text</var>} command adds an entry to the specified list or table where: </para> -<table commandarg="var"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">ext</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="var" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">ext</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The extension of the file on which information is to be written, typically one of: <code>toc</code> (table of contents), <code>lof</code> (list of figures), or <code>lot</code> (list of tables). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">unit</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">unit</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The name of the sectional unit being added, typically one of the following, matching the value of the <var>ext</var> argument: </para> -<table commandarg="code"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">toc</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="code" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">toc</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The name of the sectional unit: <code>part</code>, <code>chapter</code>, <code>section</code>, <code>subsection</code>, <code>subsubsection</code>. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">lof</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">lof</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>For the list of figures. -</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="code">lot</itemformat></item> +</para></tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="code">lot</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>For the list of tables. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">entry</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">entry</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The actual text of the entry. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\contentsline</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="821">\contentsline</indexterm></findex> <para>What is written to the <file>.<var>ext</var></file> file is the command <code>\contentsline{<var>unit</var>}{<var>name</var>}</code>. </para> -<!-- ?? how hardwired are these values? other unit names? --> +<!-- c ?? how hardwired are these values? other unit names? --> </subsection> -<node name="_005caddtocontents"><nodename>\addtocontents</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\addcontentsline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Tables of contents</nodeup></node> -<subsection><sectiontitle>\addtocontents</sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\addtocontents{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>}</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005caddtocontents" spaces=" "><nodename>\addtocontents</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\addcontentsline</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Tables of contents</nodeup></node> +<subsection spaces=" "><sectiontitle>\addtocontents</sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="822">\addtocontents{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>}</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\addtocontents</code>{<var>ext</var>}{<var>text</var>} command adds text (or formatting commands) directly to the <file>.<var>ext</var></file> file that generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables. </para> -<table commandarg="var"> -<tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">ext</itemformat></item> +<table commandarg="var" spaces=" " endspaces=" "> +<tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">ext</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The extension of the file on which information is to be written: <file>toc</file> (table of contents), <file>lof</file> (list of figures), or <file>lot</file> (list of tables). </para> -</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item><itemformat command="var">text</itemformat></item> +</tableitem></tableentry><tableentry><tableterm><item spaces=" "><itemformat command="var">text</itemformat></item> </tableterm><tableitem><para>The text to be written. </para></tableitem></tableentry></table> </subsection> </section> -<node name="Glossaries"><nodename>Glossaries</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Indexes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Tables of contents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Glossaries</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">glossaries</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Glossaries" spaces=" "><nodename>Glossaries</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Indexes</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Tables of contents</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Glossaries</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="430">glossaries</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="823">\makeglossary</indexterm></findex> <para>The command <code>\makeglossary</code> enables creating glossaries. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\glossary</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><file>.glo</file> file</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="824">\glossary</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="431"><file>.glo</file> file</indexterm></cindex> <para>The command <code>\glossary{<var>text</var>}</code> writes a glossary entry for <var>text</var> to an auxiliary file with the <file>.glo</file> extension. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\glossaryentry</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="825">\glossaryentry</indexterm></findex> <para>Specifically, what gets written is the command <code>\glossaryentry{<var>text</var>}{<var>pageno</var>}</code>, where <var>pageno</var> is the current <code>\thepage</code> value. @@ -6676,38 +6710,38 @@ glossaries. </para> </section> -<node name="Indexes"><nodename>Indexes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Glossaries</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>Indexes</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">indexes</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Indexes" spaces=" "><nodename>Indexes</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Glossaries</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Indexes</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="432">indexes</indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\makeindex</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="826">\makeindex</indexterm></findex> <para>The command <code>\makeindex</code> enables creating indexes. Put this in the preamble. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\index</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="827">\index</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="433"><file>.idx</file> file</indexterm></cindex> <para>The command <code>\index{<var>text</var>}</code> writes an index entry for <var>text</var> to an auxiliary file with the <file>.idx</file> extension. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\indexentry</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="828">\indexentry</indexterm></findex> <para>Specifically, what gets written is the command <code>\indexentry{<var>text</var>}{<var>pageno</var>}</code>, where <var>pageno</var> is the current <code>\thepage</code> value. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">&textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo; index entries</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="434">&textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo; index entries</indexterm></cindex> <para>To generate a index entry for &textlsquo;bar&textrsquo; that says &textlsquo;See foo&textrsquo;, use a vertical bar: <code>\index{bar|see{foo}}</code>. Use <code>seealso</code> instead of <code>see</code> to make a &textlsquo;See also&textrsquo; entry. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\seename</indexterm></findex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\alsoname</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="829">\seename</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="830">\alsoname</indexterm></findex> <para>The text &textlsquo;See&textrsquo; is defined by the macro <code>\seename</code>, and &textlsquo;See also&textrsquo; by the macro <code>\alsoname</code>. These can be redefined for other languages. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><command>makeindex</command> program</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><command>xindy</command> program</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><file>.ind</file> file</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="435"><command>makeindex</command> program</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="436"><command>xindy</command> program</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="437"><file>.ind</file> file</indexterm></cindex> <para>The generated <file>.idx</file> file is then sorted with an external command, usually either <command>makeindex</command> (<url><urefurl>http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex</urefurl></url>) or (the @@ -6715,23 +6749,23 @@ multi-lingual) <command>xindy</command> (<url><urefurl>http://xindy.sourceforge. This results in a <file>.ind</file> file, which can then be read to typeset the index. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">printindex</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><code>makeidx</code> package</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="831">printindex</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="438"><code>makeidx</code> package</indexterm></cindex> <para>The index is usually generated with the <code>\printindex</code> command. This is defined in the <code>makeidx</code> package, so <code>\usepackage{makeidx}</code> needs to be in the preamble. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">indexspace</indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="832">indexspace</indexterm></findex> <para>The rubber length <code>\indexspace</code> is inserted before each new letter in the printed index; its default value is <samp>10pt plus5pt minus3pt</samp>. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><code>showidx</code> package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="439"><code>showidx</code> package</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>showidx</code> package causes each index entries to be shown in the margin on the page where the entry appears. This can help in preparing the index. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><code>multind</code> package</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="440"><code>multind</code> package</indexterm></cindex> <para>The <code>multind</code> package supports multiple indexes. See also the &tex; FAQ entry on this topic, <url><urefurl>http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind</urefurl></url>. @@ -6739,10 +6773,10 @@ preparing the index. </section> </chapter> -<node name="Letters"><nodename>Letters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Terminal input/output</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Letters</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">letters</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">creating letters</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Letters" spaces=" "><nodename>Letters</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Terminal input/output</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Front/back matter</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Letters</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="441">letters</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="442">creating letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>You can use &latex; to typeset letters, both personal and business. The <code>letter</code> document class is designed to make a number of letters at @@ -6752,7 +6786,7 @@ once, although you can make just one if you so desire. document classes, i.e., you must have the following commands as a minimum: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve"> \documentclass{letter} \begin{document} ... letters ... @@ -6762,7 +6796,7 @@ minimum: <para>Each letter is a <code>letter</code> environment, whose argument is the name and address of the recipient. For example, you might have: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve"> \begin{letter}{Mr. Joe Smith\\ 2345 Princess St. \\ Edinburgh, EH1 1AA} ... @@ -6774,7 +6808,7 @@ the letter follows. It is typed as ordinary &latex; input. Commands that make no sense in a letter, like <code>\chapter</code>, do not work. The letter closes with a <code>\closing</code> command. </para> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\\ <r>for letters</r></indexterm></findex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="833">\\ <r>for letters</r></indexterm></findex> <para>After the <code>closing</code>, you can have additional material. The <code>\cc</code> command produces the usual &textldquo;cc: &dots;&textrdquo;. There&textrsquo;s also a similar <code>\encl</code> command for a list of enclosures. With both these @@ -6782,26 +6816,26 @@ commands, use <code>\\</code> to separate the items. </para> <para>These commands are used with the <code>letter</code> class. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\address</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Your return address. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\cc</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Cc list. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\closing</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Saying goodbye. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\encl</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">List of enclosed material. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\location</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Your organisation&textrsquo;s address. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\makelabels</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Making address labels. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\name</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Your name, for the return address. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\opening</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Saying hello. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\ps</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Adding a postscript. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\signature</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Your signature. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\startbreaks</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Allow page breaks. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\stopbreaks</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Disallow page breaks. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\telephone</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Your phone number. +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\address</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Your return address. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\cc</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Cc list. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\closing</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Saying goodbye. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\encl</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">List of enclosed material. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\location</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Your organisation&textrsquo;s address. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\makelabels</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Making address labels. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\name</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Your name, for the return address. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\opening</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Saying hello. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\ps</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Adding a postscript. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\signature</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Your signature. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\startbreaks</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Allow page breaks. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\stopbreaks</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Disallow page breaks. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\telephone</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Your phone number. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005caddress"><nodename>\address</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cc</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle>\address{<var>return-address}</var></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\address</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005caddress" spaces=" "><nodename>\address</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\cc</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle>\address{<var>return-address}</var></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="834">\address</indexterm></findex> <para>The <code>\address</code> specifies the return address of a letter, as it should appear on the letter and the envelope. Separate lines of the @@ -6809,21 +6843,21 @@ address should be separated by <code>\\</code> commands. </para> <para>If you do not make an <code>\address</code> declaration, then the letter will be formatted for copying onto your organisation&textrsquo;s standard -letterhead. (<xref><xrefnodename>Overview</xrefnodename></xref>, for details on your local +letterhead. (<xref label="Overview"><xrefnodename>Overview</xrefnodename></xref>, for details on your local implementation). If you give an <code>\address</code> declaration, then the letter will be formatted as a personal letter. </para> </section> -<node name="_005ccc"><nodename>\cc</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\closing</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\address</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\cc</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005ccc" spaces=" "><nodename>\cc</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\closing</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\address</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\cc</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\cc</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">cc list, in letters</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="835">\cc</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="443">cc list, in letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\cc{<var>name1</var>\\<var>name2</var>} </pre></example> @@ -6832,35 +6866,35 @@ printed on a separate line. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cclosing"><nodename>\closing</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\encl</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cc</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\closing</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005cclosing" spaces=" "><nodename>\closing</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\encl</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\cc</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\closing</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\closing</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">letters, ending</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">closing letters</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="836">\closing</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="444">letters, ending</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="445">closing letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\closing{text} </pre></example> <para>A letter closes with a <code>\closing</code> command, for example, -</para><example> +</para><example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\closing{Best Regards,} </pre></example> </section> -<node name="_005cencl"><nodename>\encl</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\location</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\closing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\encl</code></sectiontitle> +<node name="_005cencl" spaces=" "><nodename>\encl</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\location</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\closing</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\encl</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\encl</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">enclosure list</indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="837">\encl</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="446">enclosure list</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\encl{<var>line1</var>\\<var>line2</var>} </pre></example> @@ -6868,9 +6902,9 @@ printed on a separate line. </para> </section> -<node name="_005clocation"><nodename>\location</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makelabels</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\encl</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\location</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\location</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005clocation" spaces=" "><nodename>\location</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\makelabels</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\encl</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\location</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="838">\location</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\location{address}</code> </para> @@ -6879,9 +6913,9 @@ if the <code>firstpage</code> pagestyle is selected. </para> </section> -<node name="_005cmakelabels"><nodename>\makelabels</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\name</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\location</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\makelabels</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\makelabels</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cmakelabels" spaces=" "><nodename>\makelabels</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\name</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\location</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\makelabels</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="839">\makelabels</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\makelabels{number}</code> </para> @@ -6891,9 +6925,9 @@ address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters. </section> -<node name="_005cname"><nodename>\name</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\opening</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makelabels</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\name</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\name</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cname" spaces=" "><nodename>\name</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\opening</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\makelabels</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\name</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="840">\name</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\name{June Davenport}</code> </para> @@ -6902,14 +6936,14 @@ address. </para> </section> -<node name="_005copening"><nodename>\opening</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ps</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\name</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\opening{<var>text</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\opening</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">letters, starting</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005copening" spaces=" "><nodename>\opening</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\ps</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\name</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\opening{<var>text</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="841">\opening</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="447">letters, starting</indexterm></cindex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\opening{<var>text</var>} </pre></example> @@ -6917,25 +6951,25 @@ address. argument, <var>text</var>, is whatever text you wish to start your letter. For instance: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\opening{Dear Joe,} </pre></example> </section> -<node name="_005cps"><nodename>\ps</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\signature</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\opening</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\ps</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\ps</indexterm></findex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">postscript, in letters</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="_005cps" spaces=" "><nodename>\ps</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\signature</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\opening</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\ps</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="842">\ps</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="448">postscript, in letters</indexterm></cindex> <para>Use the <code>\ps</code> command to start a postscript in a letter, after <code>\closing</code>. </para> </section> -<node name="_005csignature"><nodename>\signature</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\startbreaks</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\ps</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\signature{<var>text</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\signature</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005csignature" spaces=" "><nodename>\signature</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\startbreaks</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\ps</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\signature{<var>text</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="843">\signature</indexterm></findex> <para>Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the space for your signature. <code>\\</code> starts a new line within @@ -6943,9 +6977,9 @@ space for your signature. <code>\\</code> starts a new line within </para> </section> -<node name="_005cstartbreaks"><nodename>\startbreaks</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stopbreaks</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\signature</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\startbreaks</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\startbreaks</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cstartbreaks" spaces=" "><nodename>\startbreaks</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\stopbreaks</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\signature</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\startbreaks</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="844">\startbreaks</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\startbreaks</code> </para> @@ -6954,9 +6988,9 @@ space for your signature. <code>\\</code> starts a new line within </section> -<node name="_005cstopbreaks"><nodename>\stopbreaks</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\telephone</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\startbreaks</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\stopbreaks</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\stopbreaks</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005cstopbreaks" spaces=" "><nodename>\stopbreaks</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\telephone</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">\startbreaks</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\stopbreaks</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="845">\stopbreaks</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\stopbreaks</code> </para> @@ -6965,9 +6999,9 @@ space for your signature. <code>\\</code> starts a new line within </section> -<node name="_005ctelephone"><nodename>\telephone</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\stopbreaks</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\telephone</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\telephone</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005ctelephone" spaces=" "><nodename>\telephone</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\stopbreaks</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Letters</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\telephone</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="846">\telephone</indexterm></findex> <para><code>\telephone{number}</code> </para> @@ -6977,24 +7011,24 @@ space for your signature. <code>\\</code> starts a new line within </section> </chapter> -<node name="Terminal-input_002foutput"><nodename>Terminal input/output</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Command line</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Letters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Terminal input/output</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">input/output</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">terminal input/output</indexterm></cindex> - -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>\typein</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Read text from the terminal. -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>\typeout</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Write text to the terminal. +<node name="Terminal-input_002foutput" spaces=" "><nodename>Terminal input/output</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Command line</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Letters</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Terminal input/output</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="449">input/output</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="450">terminal input/output</indexterm></cindex> + +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\typein</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Read text from the terminal. +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator=":: ">\typeout</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve">Write text to the terminal. </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="_005ctypein"><nodename>\typein</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\typeout</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Terminal input/output</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\typein</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005ctypein" spaces=" "><nodename>\typein</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">\typeout</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Terminal input/output</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\typein[<var>cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="847">\typein</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\typein[<var>\cmd</var>]{<var>msg</var>} </pre></example> @@ -7008,13 +7042,13 @@ redefined to be the typed input. </para> </section> -<node name="_005ctypeout"><nodename>\typeout</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\typein</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Terminal input/output</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></sectiontitle> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\typeout</indexterm></findex> +<node name="_005ctypeout" spaces=" "><nodename>\typeout</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">\typein</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Terminal input/output</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>\typeout{<var>msg</var>}</code></sectiontitle> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="848">\typeout</indexterm></findex> <para>Synopsis: </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">\typeout{<var>msg</var>} </pre></example> @@ -7032,9 +7066,9 @@ printed, independent of surrounding spaces. A <code>^^J</code> in </section> </chapter> -<node name="Command-line"><nodename>Command line</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Document templates</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Terminal input/output</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<chapter><sectiontitle>Command line</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">command line</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Command-line" spaces=" "><nodename>Command line</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Document templates</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Terminal input/output</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<chapter spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command line</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="451">command line</indexterm></cindex> <para>The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; &tex; uses <file>.tex</file> as a default file extension. If you omit the @@ -7042,16 +7076,16 @@ input file entirely, &tex; accepts input from the terminal. You specify command options by supplying a string as a parameter to the command; e.g. </para> -<example> +<example endspaces=" "> <pre xml:space="preserve">latex '\nonstopmode\input foo.tex' </pre></example> <noindent></noindent> <para>will process <file>foo.tex</file> without pausing after every error. </para> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp"><samp>*</samp> prompt</indexterm></cindex> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">prompt, <samp>*</samp></indexterm></cindex> -<findex index="fn"><indexterm index="fn">\stop</indexterm></findex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="452"><samp>*</samp> prompt</indexterm></cindex> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="453">prompt, <samp>*</samp></indexterm></cindex> +<findex index="fn" spaces=" "><indexterm index="fn" number="849">\stop</indexterm></findex> <para>If &latex; stops in the middle of the document and gives you a <samp>*</samp> prompt, it is waiting for input. You can type <code>\stop</code> (and return) and it will prematurely end the document. @@ -7059,23 +7093,23 @@ command; e.g. </chapter> -<node name="Document-templates"><nodename>Document templates</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Concept Index</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Command line</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<appendix><sectiontitle>Document templates</sectiontitle> -<cindex index="cp"><indexterm index="cp">document templates</indexterm></cindex> +<node name="Document-templates" spaces=" "><nodename>Document templates</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Concept Index</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Command line</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<appendix spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Document templates</sectiontitle> +<cindex index="cp" spaces=" "><indexterm index="cp" number="454">document templates</indexterm></cindex> <para>Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will be useful. Additional template resources are listed <url><urefurl>http://tug.org/interest.html#latextemplates</urefurl></url>. </para> -<menu> -<menuentry><menunode>book template</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>beamer template</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> -</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry><menunode>tugboat template</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> +<menu endspaces=" "> +<menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">book template</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">beamer template</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> +</pre></menudescription></menuentry><menuentry leadingtext="* "><menunode separator="::">tugboat template</menunode><menudescription><pre xml:space="preserve"> </pre></menudescription></menuentry></menu> -<node name="book-template"><nodename>book template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">beamer template</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>book</code> template</sectiontitle> +<node name="book-template" spaces=" "><nodename>book template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">beamer template</nodenext><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>book</code> template</sectiontitle> <verbatim xml:space="preserve"> \documentclass{book} @@ -7097,10 +7131,9 @@ The end. </verbatim> - </section> -<node name="beamer-template"><nodename>beamer template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">tugboat template</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">book template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>beamer</code> template</sectiontitle> +<node name="beamer-template" spaces=" "><nodename>beamer template</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">tugboat template</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">book template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>beamer</code> template</sectiontitle> <para>The <code>beamer</code> class creates slides presentations. </para> @@ -7126,14 +7159,15 @@ The end. \end{frame} \end{document} - </verbatim> - +<para>One web resource for this: +<url><urefurl>http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/</urefurl></url>. +</para> </section> -<node name="tugboat-template"><nodename>tugboat template</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">beamer template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> -<section><sectiontitle><code>tugboat</code> template</sectiontitle> +<node name="tugboat-template" spaces=" "><nodename>tugboat template</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">beamer template</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Document templates</nodeup></node> +<section spaces=" "><sectiontitle><code>tugboat</code> template</sectiontitle> <para><cite>TUGboat</cite> is the journal of the &tex; Users Group, <url><urefurl>http://tug.org/TUGboat</urefurl></url>. @@ -7214,20 +7248,19 @@ Email \verb|tugboat@tug.org| if problems or questions. </verbatim> - </section> </appendix> -<node name="Concept-Index"><nodename>Concept Index</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Command Index</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Document templates</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<unnumbered><sectiontitle>Concept Index</sectiontitle> +<node name="Concept-Index" spaces=" "><nodename>Concept Index</nodename><nodenext automatic="on">Command Index</nodenext><nodeprev automatic="on">Document templates</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<unnumbered spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Concept Index</sectiontitle> -<printindex value="cp"></printindex> +<printindex value="cp" line=" cp"></printindex> -<!-- The name of the `Command Index' node must NOT be altered for ltx-help.el. --> +<!-- c The name of the `Command Index' node must NOT be altered for ltx-help.el. --> </unnumbered> -<node name="Command-Index"><nodename>Command Index</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Concept Index</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> -<unnumbered><sectiontitle>Command Index</sectiontitle> +<node name="Command-Index" spaces=" "><nodename>Command Index</nodename><nodeprev automatic="on">Concept Index</nodeprev><nodeup automatic="on">Top</nodeup></node> +<unnumbered spaces=" "><sectiontitle>Command Index</sectiontitle> -<printindex value="fn"></printindex> +<printindex value="fn" line=" fn"></printindex> </unnumbered> <bye></bye> diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ltx-help.el b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ltx-help.el index 89175d29637..9fefecb88c1 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ltx-help.el +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ltx-help.el @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ ;;; ltx-help.el --- Lookup latex commands in info pages. -;; Author: Peter Galbraith <rhogee@bathybius.meteo.mcgill.ca> or <galbrth@ac.dal.ca> -;; Christian Lynbech <lynbech@daimi.aau.dk> -;; Martin Sjolin <marsj@ida.liu.se> -;; Boris Goldowsky <boris@cs.rochester.edu> -;; Maintainer: Torsten Martinsen <bullestock@dk-online.dk> -;; Updated: 12 June 2008 +;; Authors: Peter Galbraith <rhogee@bathybius.meteo.mcgill.ca> or <galbrth@ac.dal.ca> +;; Christian Lynbech <lynbech@daimi.aau.dk> +;; Martin Sjolin <marsj@ida.liu.se> +;; Boris Goldowsky <boris@cs.rochester.edu> +;; Maintainer: as part of latexrefman, http://home.gna.org/latexrefman/ +;; Updated: 25 April 2013 ;; Keywords: help, latex, info @@ -15,10 +15,12 @@ ;; environment in the latex online manual. If point is at such a ;; command, this will be the default. +;; The Texinfo document that this code works with is at +;; http://ctan.org/pkg/latex2e-help-texinfo. + ;; Installation: ;; ;; Add the following piece of code to your .emacs -;; ;; (define-key help-map "\C-l" 'latex-help) ;; ;; to bind latex-help to C-h C-l. To load latex-help when loading AUC-TeX or @@ -27,19 +29,16 @@ ;; ;; (add-hook 'Latex-mode-hook ;; (function (lambda () -;; (define-key LaTeX-mode-map "\C-ci" 'latex-help)))) +;; (define-key LaTeX-mode-map "\C-ci" 'latex-help)))) ;; ;; or if you do not have add-hook (a very nice package): ;; ;; (setq Latex-mode-hook -;; (function (lambda () -;; (define-key LaTeX-mode-map "\C-ci" 'latex-help)))) +;; (function (lambda () +;; (define-key LaTeX-mode-map "\C-ci" 'latex-help)))) ;; ;; -;; The info document that this code works with is at -;; http://ctan.org/get/info/latex2e-help-texinfo. - ;;; Change Log: ;;Mar 4, 1994 <lynbech@daimi.aau.dk>: @@ -79,22 +78,22 @@ ;; ;;Mar 29, 1994 <marsj@ida.liu.se>: ;; * made it working under epoch/emacs-18 by calling -;; completion-read without the last argument. +;; completion-read without the last argument. ;; * made prompting similar to emacs help ;; * moved add-hook and define keys to installation section, since -;; the settings conflict with my own keybindings. Also, the key -;; binding should be chosen by the end user. +;; the settings conflict with my own keybindings. Also, the key +;; binding should be chosen by the end user. ;; -;; Wed Mar 30 08:45:50 1994 LYNBECH -;; * Changed file layout to conform to FSF's standards -;; * Tweaked latex-help-guess to include any leading backslashes -;; * Inversed the meaning of the prefix argument. Now default is +;; Wed Mar 30 08:45:50 1994 LYNBECH +;; * Changed file layout to conform to FSF's standards +;; * Tweaked latex-help-guess to include any leading backslashes +;; * Inversed the meaning of the prefix argument. Now default is ;; to switch buffers. Also added new variable `latex-help-split-window' ;; to allow window splitting always. ;; * Minor doc fixes ;; -;; Wed Apr 6 08:34:08 1994 LYNBECH -;; * fixed latex-help-guess to be more faithful to the lexical rules +;; Wed Apr 6 08:34:08 1994 LYNBECH +;; * fixed latex-help-guess to be more faithful to the lexical rules ;; of TeX. The result is not especially elegant. ;; ;;Apr 16, 1994 <abraham@iesd.auc.dk>: @@ -122,7 +121,14 @@ ;; Thu Jun 12 2008 Karl Berry (karl@freefriends.org) ;; Change latex-help-file to "(latex2e)", so our names are consistent. ;; Doc updates. -;; +;; +;; Thu Apr 25 2013 Karl Berry (karl@freefriends.org) +;; Doc updates, and install these changes: +;; +;; Thu Apr 25 2013 Mandar Mitra (mandar.mitra@gmail.com) +;; Using with (for example) "array" goes to the top node +;; of latex2e.info instead of the intended node. + ;;; Code: (require 'info) @@ -157,30 +163,36 @@ variable `latex-help-split-window'." (interactive (list (let* ((cw (latex-help-guess)) - (cww (concat "\\" cw)) - (cmd-alist (latex-help-get-cmd-alist)) - (guess (cond ((try-completion cw cmd-alist) cw) - ((try-completion cww cmd-alist) cww) - (t nil))) - (val (completing-read (if guess - (format "Describe LaTeX command (default %s): " guess) - "Describe LaTeX command: ") - cmd-alist nil t nil - 'latex-help-hist))) + (cww (concat "\\" cw)) + (cmd-alist (latex-help-get-cmd-alist)) + (node (try-completion cw cmd-alist)) + ; try-completion returns actual string in case of partial match + ; but returns t in case of exact match + (nodename1 (if (equal node t) cw node)) + (nodename2 (if (equal nodename1 nil) + (try-completion cww cmd-alist) nodename1)) + (guess (cond ((equal nodename2 t) cww) + ((equal nodename2 nil) nil) + (t nodename2))) + (val (completing-read (if guess + (format "Describe LaTeX command (default %s): " guess) + "Describe LaTeX command: ") + cmd-alist nil t nil + 'latex-help-hist))) (cdr (assoc (if (equal val "") - guess - val) cmd-alist))) + guess + val) cmd-alist))) current-prefix-arg)) (if (not (or split latex-help-split-window)) (Info-goto-node (concat latex-help-file cmd)) (save-excursion (let ((pop-up-windows t) - (buffer (current-buffer))) - (pop-to-buffer nil) - (Info-goto-node (concat latex-help-file cmd)) - (if (fboundp 'show-temp-buffer) - (show-temp-buffer (current-buffer) t) - (pop-to-buffer buffer)))))) + (buffer (current-buffer))) + (pop-to-buffer nil) + (Info-goto-node (concat latex-help-file cmd)) + (if (fboundp 'show-temp-buffer) + (show-temp-buffer (current-buffer) t) + (pop-to-buffer buffer)))))) (defun latex-help-guess () "Return the word point is on as a string, if it's between two @@ -197,44 +209,44 @@ Return the LaTeX command point is on as a string. ;; cl: I am not claiming this to be neither elegant nor fast. (save-excursion (let ((oldpoint (point)) (start (point)) (end (point)) - (wc "A-Za-z") (nwc "^A-Za-z")) + (wc "A-Za-z") (nwc "^A-Za-z")) (cond ((looking-at "\\\\[^A-Za-z]") - (setq start (point) - end (+ 2 (point)))) + (setq start (point) + end (+ 2 (point)))) ((looking-at "\\\\[A-Za-z]+") - (setq start (match-beginning 0) - end (match-end 0))) + (setq start (match-beginning 0) + end (match-end 0))) (t - (skip-chars-backward wc) - (skip-chars-backward "\\\\" (1- (point))) - (setq start (point)) + (skip-chars-backward wc) + (skip-chars-backward "\\\\" (1- (point))) + (setq start (point)) - (goto-char oldpoint) + (goto-char oldpoint) - (skip-chars-forward "\\\\" (1+ (point))) - (skip-chars-forward wc) - (setq end (point)) + (skip-chars-forward "\\\\" (1+ (point))) + (skip-chars-forward wc) + (setq end (point)) - (if (and (eq start oldpoint) (eq end oldpoint)) - (progn - (skip-chars-backward nwc - (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) (point))) - (if (eq (preceding-char) ?\n) - (progn - (skip-chars-forward nwc) - (setq start (point)) - (skip-chars-forward "\\\\" (1+ (point))) - (skip-chars-forward wc) - (setq end (point))) - (setq end (point)) - (skip-chars-backward wc) - (skip-chars-backward "\\\\" (1- (point))) - (setq start (point))))) - ) + (if (and (eq start oldpoint) (eq end oldpoint)) + (progn + (skip-chars-backward nwc + (save-excursion (beginning-of-line) (point))) + (if (eq (preceding-char) ?\n) + (progn + (skip-chars-forward nwc) + (setq start (point)) + (skip-chars-forward "\\\\" (1+ (point))) + (skip-chars-forward wc) + (setq end (point))) + (setq end (point)) + (skip-chars-backward wc) + (skip-chars-backward "\\\\" (1- (point))) + (setq start (point))))) + ) ) (ltxh-buffer-substring start end))) ) @@ -245,22 +257,22 @@ The values are saved in `latex-help-cmd-alist' for speed." ;; mm, does it contain any cached entries (if (not (assoc "\\begin" latex-help-cmd-alist)) (save-window-excursion - (setq latex-help-cmd-alist nil) - (Info-goto-node (concat latex-help-file "Command Index")) - (if (search-forward "::" nil t) - (progn - (end-of-buffer) - (while (re-search-backward "^\\* \\(.+\\)::$" nil t) - (setq key (ltxh-buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))) - (setq latex-help-cmd-alist - (cons (cons key key) latex-help-cmd-alist)))) - (end-of-buffer) - (while (re-search-backward "^\\* \\(.+\\): *\\(.+\\)\\.$" nil t) - (setq key (ltxh-buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))) - (setq value (ltxh-buffer-substring (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2))) - (setq latex-help-cmd-alist - (cons (cons key value) latex-help-cmd-alist)))) - )) + (setq latex-help-cmd-alist nil) + (Info-goto-node (concat latex-help-file "Command Index")) + (if (search-forward "::" nil t) + (progn + (end-of-buffer) + (while (re-search-backward "^\\* \\(.+\\)::$" nil t) + (setq key (ltxh-buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))) + (setq latex-help-cmd-alist + (cons (cons key key) latex-help-cmd-alist)))) + (end-of-buffer) + (while (re-search-backward "^\\* \\(.+\\): *\\(.+\\)\\.$" nil t) + (setq key (ltxh-buffer-substring (match-beginning 1) (match-end 1))) + (setq value (ltxh-buffer-substring (match-beginning 2) (match-end 2))) + (setq latex-help-cmd-alist + (cons (cons key value) latex-help-cmd-alist)))) + )) ;; and return the alist. latex-help-cmd-alist ) |