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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2015-05-12 22:34:18 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2015-05-12 22:34:18 +0000
commit03c75c44272fafbdc68ad57c2895873f73a46a27 (patch)
tree3c6f5da3d39808a8a00258242b0c7d01825efa98 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e.info
parent728988c17d5e8201bbfd874e54dc9a95f1985145 (diff)
latex2e-help-texinfo (12may15)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@37355 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e.info b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e.info
index 47ff7721832..d8ed8d416c7 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e.info
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/info/latex2e.info
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-This is latex2e.info, produced by texi2any version 5.2dev+dev from
+This is latex2e.info, produced by texi2any version 5.9.91+dev from
latex2e.texi.
This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document
-preparation system, version of May 2014.
+preparation system, version of May 2015.
This manual was originally translated from 'LATEX.HLP' v1.0a in the
VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George D.
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ Sheldon Green, and 'LaTeX Command Summary' (for LaTeX 2.09) by L. Botway
and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users Group as 'TeXniques'
number 10), as reference material (no text was directly copied).
- Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Karl Berry.
+ Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Karl
+Berry.
Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.
Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.
@@ -38,18 +39,16 @@ END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

File: latex2e.info, Node: Top, Next: About this document, Up: (dir)
-LaTeX2e
-*******
+LaTeX2e: An unofficial reference manual
+***************************************
-This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document
-preparation system, version as of May 2014. It is intended to cover
-LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years.
+This document is an unofficial reference manual (version of May 2015)
+for LaTeX2e, a document preparation system.
* Menu:
* About this document:: Bug reporting, etc.
* Overview:: What is LaTeX?
-* Starting & ending:: The standard beginning and end of a document.
* Document classes:: Some of the various classes available.
* Fonts:: Italic, bold, typewriter, etc.
* Layout:: Controlling the page layout.
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years.
* Line breaking:: Influencing line breaks.
* Page breaking:: Influencing page breaks.
* Footnotes:: How to produce footnotes.
-* Definitions:: Define your own commands etc.
+* Definitions:: Define your own commands, etc.
* Counters:: Internal counters used by LaTeX.
* Lengths:: The length commands.
* Making paragraphs:: Paragraph commands.
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years.
* Special insertions:: Inserting reserved and special characters.
* Splitting the input:: Dealing with big files by splitting.
* Front/back matter:: Tables of contents, glossaries, indexes.
-* Letters:: The letter class.
+* Letters:: The 'letter' class.
* Terminal input/output:: User interaction.
* Command line:: System-independent command-line behavior.
* Document templates:: Starter templates for various document classes.
@@ -84,135 +83,268 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: About this document, Next: Overview, Prev: Top, Up
1 About this document
*********************
-The LaTeX document preparation system is implemented as a macro package
-for Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program. LaTeX was originally
-created by Leslie Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers
-(<http://latex-project.org>). The official documentation written by the
-LaTeX project is available from their web site.
+This is an unofficial reference manual for the LaTeX2e document
+preparation system, which is a macro package for the TeX typesetting
+program (*note Overview::). This document's home page is
+<http://home.gna.org/latexrefman>. That page has links to the current
+output in various formats, sources, mailing list archives and
+subscriptions, and other infrastructure.
- The present document is completely unofficial and has not been
-reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. Do not send bug reports or anything
-else about this document to them. Instead, please send all comments to
-<latexrefman-discuss@gna.org>.
+ In this document, we will mostly just use 'LaTeX' rather than
+'LaTeX2e', since the previous version of LaTeX (2.09) was retired many
+years ago.
- The home page for this document is <http://home.gna.org/latexrefman>.
-That page has links to the current output in various formats, sources,
-mailing lists, and other infrastructure.
+ LaTeX is currently maintained by a group of volunteers
+(<http://latex-project.org>). The official documentation written by the
+LaTeX project is available from their web site. This document is
+completely unofficial and has not been reviewed by the LaTeX
+maintainers. Do not send bug reports or anything else about this
+document to them. Instead, please send all comments to
+<latexrefman-discuss@gna.org>.
- Of course, there are many, many other sources of information about
-LaTeX. Here are a few:
+ This document is a reference. There is a vast array of other sources
+of information about LaTeX, at all levels. Here are a few
+introductions.
-<http://www.ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr>
+<http://ctan.org/pkg/latex-doc-ptr>
Two pages of recommended references to LaTeX documentation.
-<http://www.ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc>
+<http://ctan.org/pkg/first-latex-doc>
Writing your first document, with a bit of both text and math.
-<http://www.ctan.org/pkg/usrguide>
- The guide for document authors maintained as part of LaTeX; there
- are several others.
+<http://ctan.org/pkg/usrguide>
+ The guide for document authors that is maintained as part of LaTeX;
+ there are plenty of others available elsewhere.
+
+<http://ctan.org/pkg/lshort>
+ A short introduction to LaTeX, translated to many languages.
<http://tug.org/begin.html>
- Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX.
+ Introduction to the TeX system, including LaTeX, with further
+ references.

-File: latex2e.info, Node: Overview, Next: Starting & ending, Prev: About this document, Up: Top
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Overview, Next: Document classes, Prev: About this document, Up: Top
2 Overview of LaTeX
*******************
-What is LaTeX?
+LaTeX is a system for typesetting documents. It was originally created
+by Leslie Lamport and is now maintained by a group of volunteers
+(<http://latex-project.org>). It is widely used, particularly for
+complex and technical documents, such as those involving mathematics.
- LaTeX typesets a file of text using the TeX program and the LaTeX
-"macro package" for TeX. That is, it processes an input file containing
-the text of a document with interspersed commands that describe how the
-text should be formatted. LaTeX files are plain text that can be
-written in any reasonable editor. It produces at least three files as
-output:
+ A LaTeX user writes an input file containing text along with
+interspersed commands, for instance commands describing how the text
+should be formatted. It is implemented as a set of related commands
+that interface with Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program (the
+technical term is that LaTeX is a "macro package" for the TeX engine).
+The user produces the output document by giving that file to the TeX
+engine.
- 1. The main output file, which is one of:
+ The term LaTeX is also sometimes used to mean the language in which
+the document is marked up, that is, to mean the set of commands
+available to a LaTeX user.
- '.dvi'
- If invoked as 'latex', a "Device Independent" ('.dvi') file is
- produced. This contains commands that can be translated into
- commands for virtually any output device. You can view such
- '.dvi' output of LaTeX by using a program such as 'xdvi'
- (display directly), 'dvips' (convert to PostScript), or
- 'dvipdfmx' (convert to PDF).
+ The name LaTeX is short for "Lamport TeX". It is pronounced LAH-teck
+or LAY-teck, or sometimes LAY-tecks. Inside a document, produce the
+logo with '\LaTeX'. Where use of the logo is not sensible, such as in
+plain text, write it as 'LaTeX'.
+
+* Menu:
- '.pdf'
- If invoked as 'pdflatex', a "Portable Document Format"
- ('.pdf') file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with
- all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but
- it does make the output much larger than the '.dvi' produced
- from the same document.
+* Starting and ending:: The standard beginning and end of a document.
+* Output files:: Files produced.
+* TeX engines:: Programs that implementation LaTeX.
+* LaTeX command syntax:: General syntax of LaTeX commands.
- If invoked as 'lualatex', a '.pdf' file is created using the
- LuaTeX engine (<http://luatex.org>).
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Starting and ending, Next: Output files, Up: Overview
- If invoked as 'xelatex', a '.pdf' file is created using the
- XeTeX engine (<http://tug.org/xetex>).
+2.1 Starting and ending
+=======================
- Many other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) exist, which can
- produce HTML, XML, and other things.
+LaTeX files have a simple global structure, with a standard starting and
+ending. Here is a "hello, world" example:
- 2. The "transcript" or '.log' file that contains summary information
- and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input
- file.
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \begin{document}
+ Hello, \LaTeX\ world.
+ \end{document}
- 3. An "auxiliary" or '.aux' file. This is used by LaTeX itself, for
- things such as cross-references.
+Here, the 'article' is the so-called "document class", implemented in a
+file 'article.cls'. Any document class can be used. A few document
+classes are defined by LaTeX itself, and vast array of others are widely
+available. *Note Document classes::.
- An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won't try to
-list them all. Xxx components?
+ You can include other LaTeX commands between the '\documentclass' and
+the '\begin{document}' commands. This area is called the "preamble".
- In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a '\', followed
-by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter. Arguments
-contained in square brackets, '[]', are optional while arguments
-contained in braces, '{}', are required.
+ The '\begin{document} ... \end{document}' is a so-called
+"environment"; the 'document' environment (and no others) is required in
+all LaTeX documents. LaTeX provides many environments itself, and many
+more are defined separately. *Note Environments::.
- LaTeX is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless
-explicitly directed to do otherwise.
+ The following sections discuss how to produce PDF or other output
+from a LaTeX input file.

-File: latex2e.info, Node: Starting & ending, Next: Document classes, Prev: Overview, Up: Top
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Output files, Next: TeX engines, Prev: Starting and ending, Up: Overview
-3 Starting & ending
-*******************
+2.2 Output files
+================
-A minimal input file looks like the following:
+LaTeX produces a main output file and at least two accessory files. The
+main output file's name ends in either '.dvi' or '.pdf'.
+
+'.dvi'
+ If LaTeX is invoked with the system command 'latex' then it
+ produces a DeVice Independent file, with extension '.dvi'. You can
+ view this file with a command such as 'xdvi', or convert it to a
+ PostScript '.ps' file with 'dvips' or to a Portable Document Format
+ '.pdf' file with 'dvipdfmx'. The contents of the file can be
+ dumped in human-readable form with 'dvitype'. A vast array of
+ other DVI utility programs are available
+ (<http://mirror.ctan.org/tex-archive/dviware>).
+
+'.pdf'
+ If LaTeX is invoked via the system command 'pdflatex', among other
+ commands (*note TeX engines::), then the main output is a Portable
+ Document Format (PDF) file. Typically this is a self-contained
+ file, with all fonts and images included.
+
+ LaTeX also produces at least two additional files.
+
+'.log'
+ This transcript file contains summary information such as a list of
+ loaded packages. It also includes diagnostic messages and perhaps
+ additional information for any errors.
+
+'.aux'
+ Auxiliary information is used by LaTeX for things such as cross
+ references. For example, the first time that LaTeX finds a forward
+ reference--a cross reference to something that has not yet appeared
+ in the source--it will appear in the output as a doubled question
+ mark '??'. When the referred-to spot does eventually appear in the
+ source then LaTeX writes its location information to this '.aux'
+ file. On the next invocation, LaTeX reads the location information
+ from this file and uses it to resolve the reference, replacing the
+ double question mark with the remembered location.
+
+ LaTeX may produce yet more files, characterized by the filename
+ending. These include a '.lof' file that is used to make a list of
+figures, a '.lot' file used to make a list of tables, and a '.toc' file
+used to make a table of contents. A particular class may create others;
+the list is open-ended.
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: TeX engines, Next: LaTeX command syntax, Prev: Output files, Up: Overview
+
+2.3 TeX engines
+===============
- \documentclass{CLASS}
- \begin{document}
- YOUR TEXT
- \end{document}
+LaTeX is defined to be a set of commands that are run by a TeX
+implementation (*note Overview::). This section gives a terse overview
+of the main programs.
+
+'latex'
+'pdflatex'
+ In TeX Live (<http://tug.org/texlive>, if LaTeX is invoked via
+ either the system command 'latex' or 'pdflatex', then the pdfTeX
+ engine is run (<http://ctan.org/pkg/pdftex>). When invoked as
+ 'latex', the main output is a '.dvi' file; as 'pdflatex', the main
+ output is a '.pdf' file.
+
+ pdfTeX incorporates the e-TeX extensions to Knuth's original
+ program (<http://ctan.org/pkg/etex>), including additional
+ programming features and bi-directional typesetting, and has plenty
+ of extensions of its own. e-TeX is available on its own as the
+ command 'etex', but this is plain TeX (and produces '.dvi').
+
+ In other TeX distributions, 'latex' may invoke e-TeX rather than
+ pdfTeX. In any case, the e-TeX extensions can be assumed to be
+ available in LaTeX.
+
+'lualatex'
+ If LaTeX is invoked via the system command 'lualatex', the LuaTeX
+ engine is run (<http://ctan.org/pkg/luatex>). This program allows
+ code written in the scripting language Lua (<http://luatex.org>) to
+ interact with TeX's typesetting. LuaTeX handles UTF-8 Unicode
+ input natively, can handle OpenType and TrueType fonts, and
+ produces a '.pdf' file by default. There is also 'dvilualatex' to
+ produce a '.dvi' file, but this is rarely used.
+
+'xelatex'
+ If LaTeX is invoked with the system command 'xelatex', the XeTeX
+ engine is run (<http://tug.org/xetex>). Like LuaTeX, XeTeX also
+ natively supports UTF-8 Unicode and TrueType and OpenType fonts,
+ though the implementation is completely different, mainly using
+ external libraries instead of internal code. XeTeX produces a
+ '.pdf' file as output; it does not support DVI output.
+
+ Other variants of LaTeX and TeX exist, e.g., to provide additional
+support for Japanese and other languages ([u]pTeX,
+<http://ctan.org/pkg/ptex>, <http://ctan.org/pkg/uptex>).
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: LaTeX command syntax, Prev: TeX engines, Up: Overview
+
+2.4 LaTeX command syntax
+========================
+
+In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a '\'; the name
+itself then consists of either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single
+non-letter.
+
+ A command may be followed by zero, one, or more arguments, either
+required or optional. Required arguments are contained in curly braces,
+'{...}'. Optional arguments are contained in square brackets, '[...]'.
+Generally, but not universally, if the command accepts an optional
+argument, it comes first, before any required arguments.
-where the CLASS is a valid document class for LaTeX. *Note Document
-classes::, for details of the various document classes available
-locally.
+ Some commands have a '*' form that is related to the form without a
+'*', such as '\chapter' and '\chapter*'.
- You may include other LaTeX commands between the '\documentclass' and
-the '\begin{document}' commands (this area is called the "preamble").
+ LaTeX commands are case sensitive; neither '\Begin{document}' nor
+'\begin{Document}' will work. Most commands are lowercase, but in any
+event you must enter all commands in the same case as they are defined.
+
+ This manual describes all accepted options and '*'-forms for the
+commands it covers (barring unintentional omissions, a.k.a. bugs).

-File: latex2e.info, Node: Document classes, Next: Fonts, Prev: Starting & ending, Up: Top
+File: latex2e.info, Node: Document classes, Next: Fonts, Prev: Overview, Up: Top
-4 Document classes
+3 Document classes
******************
-The class of a given document is defined with the command:
+The document's overall class is defined with this command, which is
+normally the first command in a LaTeX source file.
\documentclass[OPTIONS]{CLASS}
-The '\documentclass' command must be the first command in a LaTeX source
-file.
+ The following document CLASS names are built into LaTeX. (Many other
+document classes are available as separate packages; *note Overview::.)
+
+'article'
+ For a journal article, a presentation, and miscellaneous general
+ use.
- Built-in LaTeX document CLASS names are (many other document classes
-are available as add-ons; *note Overview::):
+'book'
+ Full-length books, including chapters and possibly including front
+ matter, such as a preface, and back matter, such as an appendix
+ (*note Front/back matter::).
- article report book letter slides
+'report'
+ For documents of length between an 'article' and a 'book', such as
+ technical reports or theses, which may contain several chapters.
- Standard OPTIONS are described below.
+'slides'
+ For slide presentations--rarely used today. In its place the
+ 'beamer' package is perhaps the most prevalent (*note beamer
+ template::).
+
+ Standard OPTIONS are described in the next section.
* Menu:
@@ -221,12 +353,12 @@ are available as add-ons; *note Overview::):

File: latex2e.info, Node: Document class options, Up: Document classes
-4.1 Document class options
+3.1 Document class options
==========================
You can specify so-called "global options" or "class options" to the
-'\documentclass' command by enclosing them in square brackets as usual.
-To specify more than one OPTION, separate them with a comma:
+'\documentclass' command by enclosing them in square brackets. To
+specify more than one OPTION, separate them with a comma, as in:
\documentclass[OPTION1,OPTION2,...]{CLASS}
@@ -244,23 +376,30 @@ paper size (default is 'letterpaper'):
Miscellaneous other options:
-'draft, final'
- mark/do not mark overfull boxes with a big black box; default is
- 'final'.
+'draft'
+'final'
+ Mark ('draft') or do not mark ('final') overfull boxes with a black
+ box in the margin; default is 'final'.
+
'fleqn'
Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered.
+
'landscape'
Selects landscape format; default is portrait.
+
'leqno'
Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the
right side.
+
'openbib'
Use "open" bibliography format.
-'titlepage, notitlepage'
+
+'titlepage'
+'notitlepage'
Specifies whether the title page is separate; default depends on
the class.
- These options are not available with the slides class:
+ The following options are not available with the 'slides' class.
'onecolumn'
'twocolumn'
@@ -268,21 +407,20 @@ paper size (default is 'letterpaper'):
'oneside'
'twoside'
- Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is 'oneside', except for
- the 'book' class.
+ Selects one- or two-sided layout; default is 'oneside', except that
+ in the 'book' class the default is 'twoside'.
- The '\evensidemargin' ('\oddsidemargin' parameter determines the
- distance on even (odd) numbered pages between the left side of the
- page and the text's left margin. The defaults vary with the paper
- size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For
- one-sided printing the text is centered, for two-sided,
- '\oddsidemargin' is 40% of the difference between '\paperwidth' and
- '\textwidth', with '\evensidemargin' the remainder.
+ For one-sided printing, the text is centered on the page. For
+ two-sided printing, the '\evensidemargin' ('\oddsidemargin')
+ parameter determines the distance on even (odd) numbered pages
+ between the left side of the page and the text's left margin, with
+ '\oddsidemargin' being 40% of the difference between '\paperwidth'
+ and '\textwidth', and '\evensidemargin' is the remainder.
'openright'
'openany'
Determines if a chapter should start on a right-hand page; default
- is 'openright' for book.
+ is 'openright' for 'book', and 'openany' for 'report'.
The 'slides' class offers the option 'clock' for printing the time at
the bottom of each note.
@@ -291,8 +429,9 @@ the bottom of each note.
\usepackage[OPTIONS]{PKG}
- To specify more than one PKG, you can separate them with a comma, or
-use multiple '\usepackage' commands.
+ To specify more than one package, you can separate them with a comma,
+as in '\usepackage{PKG1,PKG2,...}', or use multiple '\usepackage'
+commands.
Any options given in the '\documentclass' command that are unknown by
the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
@@ -301,7 +440,7 @@ the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with

File: latex2e.info, Node: Fonts, Next: Layout, Prev: Document classes, Up: Top
-5 Fonts
+4 Fonts
*******
Two important aspects of selecting a "font" are specifying a size and a
@@ -309,14 +448,14 @@ style. The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here.
* Menu:
-* Font styles:: Select roman, italics etc.
+* Font styles:: Select roman, italics, etc.
* Font sizes:: Select point size.
* Low-level font commands:: Select encoding, family, series, shape.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Font styles, Next: Font sizes, Up: Fonts
-5.1 Font styles
+4.1 Font styles
===============
The following type style commands are supported by LaTeX.
@@ -328,13 +467,19 @@ arguments. The scope of the declaration form lasts until the next type
style command or the end of the current group.
These commands, in both the argument form and the declaration form,
-are cumulative; e.g.,, you can say either '\sffamily\bfseries' or
+are cumulative; e.g., you can say either '\sffamily\bfseries' or
'\bfseries\sffamily' to get bold sans serif.
You can alternatively use an environment form of the declarations;
for instance, '\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}'.
- These commands automatically supply an italic correction if needed.
+ These font-switching commands automatically insert italic corrections
+if needed. (*Note \/::, for the details of italic corrections.)
+Specifically, they insert the italic correction unless the following
+character is in the list '\nocorrlist', which by default consists of a
+period and a comma. To suppress the automatic insertion of italic
+correction, use '\nocorr' at the start or end of the command argument,
+such as '\textit{\nocorr text}' or '\textsc{text \nocorr}'.
'\textrm (\rmfamily)'
Roman.
@@ -408,7 +553,7 @@ the default. FAQ entry:
LaTeX also provides the following commands, which unconditionally
switch to the given style, that is, are _not_ cumulative. Also, they
are used differently than the above commands: '{\CMD ...}' instead of
-'\CMD{...}'. These are two very different things.
+'\CMD{...}'. These are two unrelated constructs.
'\bf'
Switch to bold face.
@@ -447,7 +592,7 @@ description. Both sets of commands have their place.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Font sizes, Next: Low-level font commands, Prev: Font styles, Up: Fonts
-5.2 Font sizes
+4.2 Font sizes
==============
The following standard type size commands are supported by LaTeX. The
@@ -476,7 +621,7 @@ commands; for instance, '\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Low-level font commands, Prev: Font sizes, Up: Fonts
-5.3 Low-level font commands
+4.3 Low-level font commands
===========================
These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and
@@ -549,7 +694,7 @@ ones.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Layout, Next: Sectioning, Prev: Fonts, Up: Top
-6 Layout
+5 Layout
********
Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page.
@@ -560,12 +705,12 @@ Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page.
* \twocolumn:: Use two-column layout.
* \flushbottom:: Make all text pages the same height.
* \raggedbottom:: Allow text pages of differing height.
-* Page layout parameters:: \headheight \footskip.
+* Page layout parameters:: '\headheight' '\footskip'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \onecolumn, Next: \twocolumn, Up: Layout
-6.1 '\onecolumn'
+5.1 '\onecolumn'
================
The '\onecolumn' declaration starts a new page and produces
@@ -574,7 +719,7 @@ single-column output. This is the default.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \twocolumn, Next: \flushbottom, Prev: \onecolumn, Up: Layout
-6.2 '\twocolumn'
+5.2 '\twocolumn'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -621,7 +766,7 @@ typeset in one-column mode before the two-column typesetting starts.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \flushbottom, Next: \raggedbottom, Prev: \twocolumn, Up: Layout
-6.3 '\flushbottom'
+5.3 '\flushbottom'
==================
The '\flushbottom' declaration makes all text pages the same height,
@@ -633,7 +778,7 @@ class options::).

File: latex2e.info, Node: \raggedbottom, Next: Page layout parameters, Prev: \flushbottom, Up: Layout
-6.4 '\raggedbottom'
+5.4 '\raggedbottom'
===================
The '\raggedbottom' declaration makes all pages the natural height of
@@ -642,7 +787,7 @@ the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Page layout parameters, Prev: \raggedbottom, Up: Layout
-6.5 Page layout parameters
+5.5 Page layout parameters
==========================
'\headheight'
@@ -708,20 +853,20 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Page layout parameters, Prev: \raggedbottom, Up: La
'\topskip'
Minimum distance between the top of the page body and the baseline
- of the first line of text. For the standard clases, the default is
- the same as the font size, e.g., '10pt' at '10pt'.
+ of the first line of text. For the standard classes, the default
+ is the same as the font size, e.g., '10pt' at '10pt'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Sectioning, Next: Cross references, Prev: Layout, Up: Top
-7 Sectioning
+6 Sectioning
************
Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units:
'\part'
'\chapter'
- (report and book class only)
+ ('report' and 'book' class only)
'\section'
'\subsection'
'\subsubsection'
@@ -769,7 +914,7 @@ level zero. (*Note \setcounter::.)

File: latex2e.info, Node: Cross references, Next: Environments, Prev: Sectioning, Up: Top
-8 Cross references
+7 Cross references
******************
One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer
@@ -784,7 +929,7 @@ the reader to them, as in "See Figure 3 for more details."

File: latex2e.info, Node: \label, Next: \pageref, Up: Cross references
-8.1 '\label'
+7.1 '\label'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -796,7 +941,8 @@ number of the current sectional unit; one appearing inside a numbered
environment assigns that number to KEY.
A KEY name can consist of any sequence of letters, digits, or
-punctuation characters. Upper and lowercase letters are distinguished.
+punctuation characters. Upper and lowercase letters are distinguished,
+as usual.
To avoid accidentally creating two labels with the same name, it is
common to use labels consisting of a prefix and a suffix separated by a
@@ -819,7 +965,7 @@ colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \pageref, Next: \ref, Prev: \label, Up: Cross references
-8.2 '\pageref{KEY}'
+7.2 '\pageref{KEY}'
===================
Synopsis:
@@ -832,7 +978,7 @@ the text where the corresponding '\label'{KEY} command appears.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \ref, Prev: \pageref, Up: Cross references
-8.3 '\ref{KEY}'
+7.3 '\ref{KEY}'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -847,7 +993,7 @@ equation, footnote, figure, ..., of the corresponding '\label' command

File: latex2e.info, Node: Environments, Next: Line breaking, Prev: Cross references, Up: Top
-9 Environments
+8 Environments
**************
LaTeX provides many environments for marking off certain text. Each
@@ -892,7 +1038,7 @@ environment begins and ends in the same manner:

File: latex2e.info, Node: abstract, Next: array, Up: Environments
-9.1 'abstract'
+8.1 'abstract'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -906,7 +1052,7 @@ paragraphs.

File: latex2e.info, Node: array, Next: center, Prev: abstract, Up: Environments
-9.2 'array'
+8.2 'array'
===========
Synopsis:
@@ -920,7 +1066,8 @@ Synopsis:
within an 'equation' environment (*note equation::). It has a single
mandatory TEMPLATE argument describing the number of columns and the
alignment within them. Each column COL is specified by a single letter
-that tells how items in that row should be formatted, as follows:
+that tells how items in each row of that column should be formatted, as
+follows:
'c'
centered
@@ -954,7 +1101,7 @@ parameters which affect formatting in 'array' environments, namely

File: latex2e.info, Node: center, Next: description, Prev: array, Up: Environments
-9.3 'center'
+8.3 'center'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -975,7 +1122,7 @@ current page. Each line is terminated with the string '\\'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \centering, Up: center
-9.3.1 '\centering'
+8.3.1 '\centering'
------------------
The '\centering' declaration corresponds to the 'center' environment.
@@ -1001,7 +1148,7 @@ environment such as quote) that ends the paragraph unit.

File: latex2e.info, Node: description, Next: displaymath, Prev: center, Up: Environments
-9.4 'description'
+8.4 'description'
=================
Synopsis:
@@ -1027,7 +1174,7 @@ resets all other style variations: '\item[{\tt plain typewriter}]'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: displaymath, Next: document, Prev: description, Up: Environments
-9.5 'displaymath'
+8.5 'displaymath'
=================
Synopsis:
@@ -1050,16 +1197,16 @@ number, use the 'equation' environment (*note equation::).

File: latex2e.info, Node: document, Next: enumerate, Prev: displaymath, Up: Environments
-9.6 'document'
+8.6 'document'
==============
The 'document' environment encloses the body of a document. It is
-required in every LaTeX document. *Note Starting & ending::.
+required in every LaTeX document. *Note Starting and ending::.

File: latex2e.info, Node: enumerate, Next: eqnarray, Prev: document, Up: Environments
-9.7 'enumerate'
+8.7 'enumerate'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -1100,7 +1247,7 @@ letters:

File: latex2e.info, Node: eqnarray, Next: equation, Prev: enumerate, Up: Environments
-9.8 'eqnarray'
+8.8 'eqnarray'
==============
First, a caveat: the 'eqnarray' environment has some infelicities which
@@ -1119,9 +1266,9 @@ that it is better to use the 'align' environment (and others) from the
\end{eqnarray}
The 'eqnarray' environment is used to display a sequence of equations
-or inequalities. It is very much like a three-column 'array'
-environment, with consecutive rows separated by '\\' and consecutive
-items within a row separated by an '&'.
+or inequalities. It is similar to a three-column 'array' environment,
+with consecutive rows separated by '\\' and consecutive items within a
+row separated by an '&'.
'\\*' can also be used to separate equations, with its normal meaning
of not allowing a page break at that line.
@@ -1138,7 +1285,7 @@ zero width.

File: latex2e.info, Node: equation, Next: figure, Prev: eqnarray, Up: Environments
-9.9 'equation'
+8.9 'equation'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -1154,7 +1301,7 @@ places an equation number in the right margin.

File: latex2e.info, Node: figure, Next: filecontents, Prev: equation, Up: Environments
-9.10 'figure'
+8.10 'figure'
=============
\begin{figure[*]}[PLACEMENT]
@@ -1185,8 +1332,8 @@ put a float:
<http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat>.
'h'
- (Here)--at the position in the text where the figure environment
- appears. However, this is not allowed by itself; 't' is
+ (Here)--at the position in the text where the 'figure' environment
+ appears. However, 't' is not allowed by itself; 't' is
automatically added.
To absolutely force a figure to appear "here", you can
@@ -1205,7 +1352,7 @@ put a float:
page. The '!' specifier does _not_ mean "put the float here"; see
above.
- The standard report and article classes use the default placement
+ The standard 'report' and 'article' classes use the default placement
'tbp'.
The body of the figure is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands,
@@ -1218,8 +1365,8 @@ the list of figures instead of TEXT (*note Tables of contents::).
Parameters relating to fractions of pages occupied by float and
non-float text:
- The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occuped by floats at
- the bottom; default '.3'.
+ The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occupied by floats
+ at the bottom; default '.3'.
'\floatpagefraction'
The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by
@@ -1249,17 +1396,21 @@ non-float text:
Space between the last (first) float at the top (bottom) of a page;
default '20pt plus2pt minus4pt'.
- Parameters relating to the number of floats on a page:
+ Counters relating to the number of floats on a page:
-'\bottomnumber'
+'bottomnumber'
Maximum number of floats that can appear at the bottom of a text
page; default 1.
-'\topnumber'
+'dbltopnumber'
+ Maximum number of full-sized floats that can appear at the top of a
+ two-column page; default 2.
+
+'topnumber'
Maximum number of floats that can appear at the top of a text page;
default 2.
-'\totalnumber'
+'totalnumber'
Maximum number of floats that can appear on a text page; default 3.
The principal TeX FAQ entry relating to floats:
@@ -1268,7 +1419,7 @@ non-float text:

File: latex2e.info, Node: filecontents, Next: flushleft, Prev: figure, Up: Environments
-9.11 'filecontents': Create external files
+8.11 'filecontents': Create external files
==========================================
Synopsis:
@@ -1307,14 +1458,14 @@ unrelated to using the created file. So you need to use, for instance,
'\input' or '\usepackage' or '\bibliography' or whatever is applicable,
to use the created file.
- This environment is also useful to make a self-contained document,
-for example, for a bug report, or to keep a '.bib' file with the main
-document.
+ This environment is also useful to make a document in a
+self-contained file, for example, for a bug report, or to keep the
+content of a '.bib' file in the same file as the main document.

File: latex2e.info, Node: flushleft, Next: flushright, Prev: filecontents, Up: Environments
-9.12 'flushleft'
+8.12 'flushleft'
================
\begin{flushleft}
@@ -1334,7 +1485,7 @@ right Each line must be terminated with the string '\\'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \raggedright, Up: flushleft
-9.12.1 '\raggedright'
+8.12.1 '\raggedright'
---------------------
The '\raggedright' declaration corresponds to the 'flushleft'
@@ -1350,7 +1501,7 @@ paragraph unit.

File: latex2e.info, Node: flushright, Next: itemize, Prev: flushleft, Up: Environments
-9.13 'flushright'
+8.13 'flushright'
=================
\begin{flushright}
@@ -1370,7 +1521,7 @@ left. Each line must be terminated with the string '\\'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \raggedleft, Up: flushright
-9.13.1 '\raggedleft'
+8.13.1 '\raggedleft'
--------------------
The '\raggedleft' declaration corresponds to the 'flushright'
@@ -1386,7 +1537,7 @@ paragraph unit.

File: latex2e.info, Node: itemize, Next: letter, Prev: flushright, Up: Environments
-9.14 'itemize'
+8.14 'itemize'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -1491,7 +1642,7 @@ within a single item ('\parskip' is not list-specific, *note

File: latex2e.info, Node: letter, Next: list, Prev: itemize, Up: Environments
-9.15 'letter' environment: writing letters
+8.15 'letter' environment: writing letters
==========================================
This environment is used for creating letters. *Note Letters::.
@@ -1499,7 +1650,7 @@ This environment is used for creating letters. *Note Letters::.

File: latex2e.info, Node: list, Next: math, Prev: letter, Up: Environments
-9.16 'list'
+8.16 'list'
===========
The 'list' environment is a generic environment which is used for
@@ -1527,7 +1678,7 @@ empty, i.e., '{}', which leaves the default spacing.

File: latex2e.info, Node: math, Next: minipage, Prev: list, Up: Environments
-9.17 'math'
+8.17 'math'
===========
Synopsis:
@@ -1542,7 +1693,7 @@ text. '\(...\))' and '$...$' are synonyms. *Note Math formulas::.

File: latex2e.info, Node: minipage, Next: picture, Prev: math, Up: Environments
-9.18 'minipage'
+8.18 'minipage'
===============
\begin{minipage}[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH}
@@ -1573,7 +1724,7 @@ footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.

File: latex2e.info, Node: picture, Next: quotation, Prev: minipage, Up: Environments
-9.19 'picture'
+8.19 'picture'
==============
\begin{picture}(width,height)(x offset,y offset)
@@ -1663,31 +1814,33 @@ corner of the box.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \circle, Next: \makebox (picture), Up: picture
-9.19.1 '\circle'
+8.19.1 '\circle'
----------------
+Synopsis:
\circle[*]{DIAMETER}
The '\circle' command produces a circle with a diameter as close to
the specified one as possible. The '*'-form of the command draws a
solid circle.
- Circles up to 40 pt can be drawn.
+ Circles up to 40pt can be drawn.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \makebox (picture), Next: \framebox (picture), Prev: \circle, Up: picture
-9.19.2 '\makebox'
+8.19.2 '\makebox'
-----------------
-'\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}'
+Synopsis:
+ \makebox(WIDTH,HEIGHT)[POSITION]{TEXT}
The '\makebox' command for the picture environment is similar to the
-normal '\makebox' command except that you must specify a 'width' and
-'height' in multiples of '\unitlength'.
+normal '\makebox' command except that you must specify a WIDTH and
+HEIGHT in multiples of '\unitlength'.
- The optional argument, '[position]', specifies the quadrant that your
-text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
+ The optional argument, '[POSITION]', specifies the quadrant that your
+TEXT appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
't'
Moves the item to the top of the rectangle.
@@ -1706,7 +1859,7 @@ text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \framebox (picture), Next: \dashbox, Prev: \makebox (picture), Up: picture
-9.19.3 '\framebox'
+8.19.3 '\framebox'
------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1723,7 +1876,7 @@ leaves a space '\fboxsep' between the rule and the contents of the box.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \dashbox, Next: \frame, Prev: \framebox (picture), Up: picture
-9.19.4 '\dashbox'
+8.19.4 '\dashbox'
-----------------
Draws a box with a dashed line. Synopsis:
@@ -1735,13 +1888,13 @@ environment. Dashes are DLEN units long, and the rectangle has overall
width RWIDTH and height RHEIGHT. The TEXT is positioned at optional
POS.
- A dashed box looks best when the 'rwidth' and 'rheight' are multiples
-of the 'dlen'.
+ A dashed box looks best when the RWIDTH and RHEIGHT are multiples of
+the DLEN.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \frame, Next: \line, Prev: \dashbox, Up: picture
-9.19.5 '\frame'
+8.19.5 '\frame'
---------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1755,7 +1908,7 @@ is put between the frame and the object.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \line, Next: \linethickness, Prev: \frame, Up: picture
-9.19.6 '\line'
+8.19.6 '\line'
--------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1766,14 +1919,13 @@ Synopsis:
XSLOPE/YSLOPE.
Standard LaTeX can only draw lines with SLOPE = x/y, where x and y
-have integer values from -6 through 6. For lines of any slope, not to
-mention other shapes, see the 'curve2e' and many many other packages on
-CTAN.
+have integer values from -6 through 6. For lines of any slope, and
+plenty of other shapes, see 'pict2e' and many other packages on CTAN.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \linethickness, Next: \thicklines, Prev: \line, Up: picture
-9.19.7 '\linethickness'
+8.19.7 '\linethickness'
-----------------------
The '\linethickness{DIM}' command declares the thickness of horizontal
@@ -1786,7 +1938,7 @@ circles, or the quarter circles drawn by '\oval'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \thicklines, Next: \thinlines, Prev: \linethickness, Up: picture
-9.19.8 '\thicklines'
+8.19.8 '\thicklines'
--------------------
The '\thicklines' command is an alternate line thickness for horizontal
@@ -1796,7 +1948,7 @@ and *note \thinlines::.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \thinlines, Next: \multiput, Prev: \thicklines, Up: picture
-9.19.9 '\thinlines'
+8.19.9 '\thinlines'
-------------------
The '\thinlines' command is the default line thickness for horizontal
@@ -1806,7 +1958,7 @@ and *note \thicklines::.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \multiput, Next: \oval, Prev: \thinlines, Up: picture
-9.19.10 '\multiput'
+8.19.10 '\multiput'
-------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1819,7 +1971,7 @@ across a picture. OBJ is first placed at position (x,y), then at

File: latex2e.info, Node: \oval, Next: \put, Prev: \multiput, Up: picture
-9.19.11 '\oval'
+8.19.11 '\oval'
---------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1846,18 +1998,20 @@ rounded corners.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \put, Next: \shortstack, Prev: \oval, Up: picture
-9.19.12 '\put'
+8.19.12 '\put'
--------------
-'\put(x coord,y coord){ ... }'
+Synopsis:
+
+ \put(XCOORD,YCOORD){ ... }
- The '\put' command places the item specified by the mandatory
-argument at the given coordinates.
+ The '\put' command places the material specified by the (mandatory)
+argument in braces at the given coordinate, (XCOORD,YCOORD).

File: latex2e.info, Node: \shortstack, Next: \vector, Prev: \put, Up: picture
-9.19.13 '\shortstack'
+8.19.13 '\shortstack'
---------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1879,21 +2033,21 @@ positions are:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \vector, Prev: \shortstack, Up: picture
-9.19.14 '\vector'
+8.19.14 '\vector'
-----------------
Synopsis:
- \vector(X-SLOPE,Y-SLOPE){LENGTH}
+ \vector(XSLOPE,YSLOPE){LENGTH}
The '\vector' command draws a line with an arrow of the specified
-length and slope. The x and y values must lie between -4 and +4,
-inclusive.
+length and slope. The XSLOPE and YSLOPE values must lie between -4 and
++4, inclusive.

File: latex2e.info, Node: quotation, Next: quote, Prev: picture, Up: Environments
-9.20 'quotation'
+8.20 'quotation'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -1911,10 +2065,10 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph.

File: latex2e.info, Node: quote, Next: tabbing, Prev: quotation, Up: Environments
-9.21 'quote'
+8.21 'quote'
============
-Snyopsis:
+Synopsis:
\begin{quote}
TEXT
@@ -1929,7 +2083,7 @@ line between text produces a new paragraph.

File: latex2e.info, Node: tabbing, Next: table, Prev: quote, Up: Environments
-9.22 'tabbing'
+8.22 'tabbing'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -1948,7 +2102,7 @@ each column is constant and known in advance.
This environment can be broken across pages, unlike the 'tabular'
environment.
- The following commands can be used inside a 'tabbing' enviroment:
+ The following commands can be used inside a 'tabbing' environment:
'\\ (tabbing)'
End a line.
@@ -2023,7 +2177,7 @@ environment.

File: latex2e.info, Node: table, Next: tabular, Prev: tabbing, Up: Environments
-9.23 'table'
+8.23 'table'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -2053,7 +2207,7 @@ etc., you wish. The '\caption' command allows you to title your table.

File: latex2e.info, Node: tabular, Next: thebibliography, Prev: table, Up: Environments
-9.24 'tabular'
+8.24 'tabular'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -2177,7 +2331,7 @@ rule below the table) follows.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \multicolumn, Next: \cline, Up: tabular
-9.24.1 '\multicolumn'
+8.24.1 '\multicolumn'
---------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2202,7 +2356,7 @@ third mandatory argument, TEXT, specifies what text to put in the entry.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \cline, Next: \hline, Prev: \multicolumn, Up: tabular
-9.24.2 '\cline'
+8.24.2 '\cline'
---------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2216,7 +2370,7 @@ specified in the mandatory argument.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \hline, Next: \vline, Prev: \cline, Up: tabular
-9.24.3 '\hline'
+8.24.3 '\hline'
---------------
The '\hline' command draws a horizontal line the width of the enclosing
@@ -2226,7 +2380,7 @@ line at the top, bottom, and between the rows of a table.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \vline, Prev: \hline, Up: tabular
-9.24.4 '\vline'
+8.24.4 '\vline'
---------------
The '\vline' command will draw a vertical line extending the full height
@@ -2236,7 +2390,7 @@ to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an @-expression.

File: latex2e.info, Node: thebibliography, Next: theorem, Prev: tabular, Up: Environments
-9.25 'thebibliography'
+8.25 'thebibliography'
======================
Synopsis:
@@ -2271,7 +2425,7 @@ references, '99' for ones with less than 100, etc.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \bibitem, Next: \cite, Up: thebibliography
-9.25.1 '\bibitem'
+8.25.1 '\bibitem'
-----------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2291,7 +2445,7 @@ next section) to produce the associated label.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \cite, Next: \nocite, Prev: \bibitem, Up: thebibliography
-9.25.2 '\cite'
+8.25.2 '\cite'
--------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2308,7 +2462,7 @@ For example, '\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce '[Knuth, p. 314]'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \nocite, Next: Using BibTeX, Prev: \cite, Up: thebibliography
-9.25.3 '\nocite'
+8.25.3 '\nocite'
----------------
'\nocite{key_list}'
@@ -2319,7 +2473,7 @@ is a list of one or more citation keys, on the '.aux' file.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Using BibTeX, Prev: \nocite, Up: thebibliography
-9.25.4 Using BibTeX
+8.25.4 Using BibTeX
-------------------
If you use the BibTeX program by Oren Patashnik (highly recommended if
@@ -2348,7 +2502,7 @@ BibTeX are:
In addition, numerous other BibTeX style files exist tailored to the
demands of various publications. See
-<http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/biblio/bibtex/contrib>.
+<http://mirror.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/contrib>.
The '\bibliography' command is what actually produces the
bibliography. The argument to '\bibliography' refers to files named
@@ -2359,7 +2513,7 @@ the bibliography.

File: latex2e.info, Node: theorem, Next: titlepage, Prev: thebibliography, Up: Environments
-9.26 'theorem'
+8.26 'theorem'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -2375,7 +2529,7 @@ under '\newtheorem' (*note \newtheorem::).

File: latex2e.info, Node: titlepage, Next: verbatim, Prev: theorem, Up: Environments
-9.27 'titlepage'
+8.27 'titlepage'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -2395,7 +2549,7 @@ a standard title page without a 'titlepage' environment.

File: latex2e.info, Node: verbatim, Next: verse, Prev: titlepage, Up: Environments
-9.28 'verbatim'
+8.28 'verbatim'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -2419,7 +2573,7 @@ typewriter.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \verb, Up: verbatim
-9.28.1 '\verb'
+8.28.1 '\verb'
--------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2439,7 +2593,7 @@ space" character.

File: latex2e.info, Node: verse, Prev: verbatim, Up: Environments
-9.29 'verse'
+8.29 'verse'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -2461,8 +2615,8 @@ stanzas.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Line breaking, Next: Page breaking, Prev: Environments, Up: Top
-10 Line breaking
-****************
+9 Line breaking
+***************
The first thing LaTeX does when processing ordinary text is to translate
your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To produce a
@@ -2487,8 +2641,8 @@ and you can always manually force breaks.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \\, Next: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking
-10.1 '\\'[*][MORESPACE]
-=======================
+9.1 '\\'[*][MORESPACE]
+======================
The '\\' command tells LaTeX to start a new line. It has an optional
argument, MORESPACE, that specifies how much extra vertical space is to
@@ -2500,8 +2654,8 @@ that it tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \obeycr & \restorecr, Next: \newline, Prev: \\, Up: Line breaking
-10.2 '\obeycr' & '\restorecr'
-=============================
+9.2 '\obeycr' & '\restorecr'
+============================
The '\obeycr' command makes a return in the input file ('^^M',
internally) the same as '\\' (followed by '\relax'). So each new line
@@ -2512,8 +2666,8 @@ in the input will also be a new line in the output.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \newline, Next: \- (hyphenation), Prev: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking
-10.3 '\newline'
-===============
+9.3 '\newline'
+==============
The '\newline' command breaks the line at the present point, with no
stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph
@@ -2522,12 +2676,12 @@ mode.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \- (hyphenation), Next: \fussy, Prev: \newline, Up: Line breaking
-10.4 '\-' (discretionary hyphen)
-================================
+9.4 '\-' (discretionary hyphen)
+===============================
The '\-' command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that
-point. LaTeX is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find most
-of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an incorrect
+point. LaTeX is pretty good at hyphenating, and usually finds most of
+the correct hyphenation points, while almost never using an incorrect
one. The '\-' command is used for the exceptional cases.
When you insert '\-' commands in a word, the word will only be
@@ -2537,8 +2691,8 @@ LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \fussy, Next: \sloppy, Prev: \- (hyphenation), Up: Line breaking
-10.5 '\fussy'
-=============
+9.5 '\fussy'
+============
The declaration '\fussy' (which is the default) makes TeX picky about
line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at the
@@ -2550,8 +2704,8 @@ cost of an occasional overfull box.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \sloppy, Next: \hyphenation, Prev: \fussy, Up: Line breaking
-10.6 '\sloppy'
-==============
+9.6 '\sloppy'
+=============
The declaration '\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking.
This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.
@@ -2561,8 +2715,8 @@ This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \hyphenation, Next: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Prev: \sloppy, Up: Line breaking
-10.7 '\hyphenation'
-===================
+9.7 '\hyphenation'
+==================
Synopsis:
@@ -2580,8 +2734,8 @@ words):

File: latex2e.info, Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Prev: \hyphenation, Up: Line breaking
-10.8 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
-==================================
+9.8 '\linebreak' & '\nolinebreak'
+=================================
Synopses:
@@ -2600,7 +2754,7 @@ higher the number, the more insistent the request.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Page breaking, Next: Footnotes, Prev: Line breaking, Up: Top
-11 Page breaking
+10 Page breaking
****************
LaTeX starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has
@@ -2618,7 +2772,7 @@ sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \cleardoublepage, Next: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking
-11.1 '\cleardoublepage'
+10.1 '\cleardoublepage'
=======================
The '\cleardoublepage' command ends the current page and causes all
@@ -2629,7 +2783,7 @@ In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand

File: latex2e.info, Node: \clearpage, Next: \newpage, Prev: \cleardoublepage, Up: Page breaking
-11.2 '\clearpage'
+10.2 '\clearpage'
=================
The '\clearpage' command ends the current page and causes all figures
@@ -2638,7 +2792,7 @@ and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \newpage, Next: \enlargethispage, Prev: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking
-11.3 '\newpage'
+10.3 '\newpage'
===============
The '\newpage' command ends the current page, but does not clear floats
@@ -2647,7 +2801,7 @@ The '\newpage' command ends the current page, but does not clear floats

File: latex2e.info, Node: \enlargethispage, Next: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak, Prev: \newpage, Up: Page breaking
-11.4 '\enlargethispage'
+10.4 '\enlargethispage'
=======================
'\enlargethispage{size}'
@@ -2665,7 +2819,7 @@ as much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit

File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak, Prev: \enlargethispage, Up: Page breaking
-11.5 '\pagebreak' & '\nopagebreak'
+10.5 '\pagebreak' & '\nopagebreak'
==================================
Synopses:
@@ -2685,7 +2839,7 @@ to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request is.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnotes, Next: Definitions, Prev: Page breaking, Up: Top
-12 Footnotes
+11 Footnotes
************
Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced with
@@ -2703,7 +2857,7 @@ two commands, the '\footnotemark' and the '\footnotetext' commands.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnote, Next: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes
-12.1 '\footnote'
+11.1 '\footnote'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -2721,7 +2875,7 @@ or in a 'tabular' environment. (See following sections.)

File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnotemark, Next: \footnotetext, Prev: \footnote, Up: Footnotes
-12.2 '\footnotemark'
+11.2 '\footnotemark'
====================
With no optional argument, the '\footnotemark' command puts the current
@@ -2739,7 +2893,7 @@ after the first '\footnote' command.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnotetext, Next: Symbolic footnotes, Prev: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes
-12.3 '\footnotetext'
+11.3 '\footnotetext'
====================
Synopsis:
@@ -2756,7 +2910,7 @@ mode.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Symbolic footnotes, Next: Footnote parameters, Prev: \footnotetext, Up: Footnotes
-12.4 Symbolic footnotes
+11.4 Symbolic footnotes
=======================
If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing
@@ -2772,14 +2926,14 @@ redefine '\@fnsymbol'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnote parameters, Prev: Symbolic footnotes, Up: Footnotes
-12.5 Footnote parameters
+11.5 Footnote parameters
========================
'\footnoterule'
Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the
page's footnotes. Default dimensions: '0.4pt' thick (or wide), and
'0.4\columnwidth' long in the standard document classes (except
- slides, where it does not appear).
+ 'slides', where it does not appear).
'\footnotesep'
The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote.
@@ -2791,7 +2945,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnote parameters, Prev: Symbolic footnotes, Up:

File: latex2e.info, Node: Definitions, Next: Counters, Prev: Footnotes, Up: Top
-13 Definitions
+12 Definitions
**************
LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
@@ -2803,21 +2957,21 @@ LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
* \newlength:: Define a new length.
* \newsavebox:: Define a new box.
* \newenvironment & \renewenvironment:: Define a new environment.
-* \newtheorem:: Define a new theorem-like environment.
+* \newtheorem:: Define a new 'theorem'-like environment.
* \newfont:: Define a new font name.
* \protect:: Using tricky commands.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand, Next: \newcounter, Up: Definitions
-13.1 '\newcommand' & '\renewcommand'
+12.1 '\newcommand' & '\renewcommand'
====================================
'\newcommand' and '\renewcommand' define and redefine a command,
respectively. Synopses:
- \newcommand[*]{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARG]{DEFN}
- \renewcommand[*]{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARG]{DEFN}
+ \newcommand[*]{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGVAL]{DEFN}
+ \renewcommand[*]{CMD}[NARGS][OPTARGVAL]{DEFN}
'*'
The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments not
@@ -2825,7 +2979,7 @@ respectively. Synopses:
terms).
CMD
- The command name beginning with '\'. For '\newcommand', it must
+ The command name, beginning with '\'. For '\newcommand', it must
not be already defined and must not begin with '\end'; for
'\renewcommand', it must already be defined.
@@ -2834,12 +2988,14 @@ NARGS
that the command will take. The default is for the command to have
no arguments.
-OPTARG
- If this optional parameter is present, it means that the command's
- first argument is optional. The default value of the optional
- argument (i.e., if it is not specified in the call) is OPTARG, or,
- if that argument is present in the '\newcommand' but has an empty
- value, the string 'def'.
+OPTARGVAL
+ If this optional parameter is present, it means that the first
+ argument of command CMD is optional and its default value (i.e., if
+ it is not specified in the call) is OPTARG. In otherwise, when
+ calling the macro, if no '[VALUE]' is given after 'CMD'--which is
+ different from having '[]' for an empty VALUE--then string
+ 'OPTARGVAL' becomes the value of '#1' within DEFN when the macro is
+ expanded.
DEFN
The text to be substituted for every occurrence of 'cmd'; a
@@ -2849,33 +3005,33 @@ DEFN

File: latex2e.info, Node: \newcounter, Next: \newlength, Prev: \newcommand & \renewcommand, Up: Definitions
-13.2 '\newcounter'
+12.2 '\newcounter'
==================
Synopsis:
- \newcounter{CNT}[COUNTERNAME]
+ \newcounter{COUNTERNAME}[SUPERCOUNTER]
- The '\newcounter' command defines a new counter named CNT. The new
-counter is initialized to zero.
+ The '\newcounter' command defines a new counter named COUNTERNAME.
+The new counter is initialized to zero.
- Given the optional argument '[COUNTERNAME]', CNT will be reset
-whenever COUNTERNAME is incremented.
+ Given the optional argument '[SUPER]', COUNTERNAME will be reset
+whenever the counter named SUPERCOUNTER is incremented.
*Note Counters::, for more information about counters.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \newlength, Next: \newsavebox, Prev: \newcounter, Up: Definitions
-13.3 '\newlength'
+12.3 '\newlength'
=================
Synopsis:
\newlength{\ARG}
- The '\newlength' command defines the mandatory argument as a 'length'
-command with a value of '0in'. The argument must be a control sequence,
+ The '\newlength' command defines the mandatory argument as a "length"
+command with a value of zero. The argument must be a control sequence,
as in '\newlength{\foo}'. An error occurs if '\foo' is already defined.
*Note Lengths::, for how to set the new length to a nonzero value,
@@ -2884,7 +3040,7 @@ and for more information about lengths in general.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \newsavebox, Next: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Prev: \newlength, Up: Definitions
-13.4 '\newsavebox'
+12.4 '\newsavebox'
==================
Synopsis:
@@ -2897,7 +3053,7 @@ refer to a new bin for storing boxes.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Next: \newtheorem, Prev: \newsavebox, Up: Definitions
-13.5 '\newenvironment' & '\renewenvironment'
+12.5 '\newenvironment' & '\renewenvironment'
============================================
Synopses:
@@ -2939,7 +3095,7 @@ ENDDEF

File: latex2e.info, Node: \newtheorem, Next: \newfont, Prev: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Up: Definitions
-13.6 '\newtheorem'
+12.6 '\newtheorem'
==================
\newtheorem{NEWENV}{LABEL}[WITHIN]
@@ -2970,7 +3126,7 @@ WITHIN

File: latex2e.info, Node: \newfont, Next: \protect, Prev: \newtheorem, Up: Definitions
-13.7 '\newfont'
+12.7 '\newfont'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -2987,7 +3143,7 @@ More commonly, fonts are defined in families through '.fd' files.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \protect, Prev: \newfont, Up: Definitions
-13.8 '\protect'
+12.8 '\protect'
===============
Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and
@@ -3011,7 +3167,7 @@ preceded by '\protect'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Counters, Next: Lengths, Prev: Definitions, Up: Top
-14 Counters
+13 Counters
***********
Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with it. The
@@ -3040,7 +3196,7 @@ counters used in LaTeX's standard document classes to control numbering.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol, Next: \usecounter, Up: Counters
-14.1 '\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters
+13.1 '\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters
=====================================================================
All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for
@@ -3058,7 +3214,7 @@ instance, '\alph{enumi}'.
'\roman'
uses lowercase roman numerals: 'i', 'ii', ...
-'\roman'
+'\Roman'
uses uppercase roman numerals: 'I', 'II', ...
'\fnsymbol'
@@ -3066,15 +3222,16 @@ instance, '\alph{enumi}'.
(conventionally used for labeling footnotes). The value of COUNTER
must be between 1 and 9, inclusive.
- The symbols mostly aren't supported in Info, but here are the
- names:
- asterisk(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
- double-asterisk(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
+ Here are the symbols (as Unicode code points in ASCII output):
+
+ asterisk(*) dagger(U+2021) ddagger(U+2021)
+ section-sign(U+00A7) paragraph-sign(U+00B6) parallel(U+2225)
+ double-asterisk(**) double-dagger(U+2021U+2021) double-ddagger(U+2021U+2021)

File: latex2e.info, Node: \usecounter, Next: \value, Prev: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol, Up: Counters
-14.2 '\usecounter{COUNTER}'
+13.2 '\usecounter{COUNTER}'
===========================
Synopsis:
@@ -3088,7 +3245,7 @@ items.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \value, Next: \setcounter, Prev: \usecounter, Up: Counters
-14.3 '\value{COUNTER}'
+13.3 '\value{COUNTER}'
======================
Synopsis:
@@ -3105,20 +3262,20 @@ anywhere LaTeX expects a number, for example:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \setcounter, Next: \addtocounter, Prev: \value, Up: Counters
-14.4 '\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
+13.4 '\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
==================================
Synopsis:
- \setcounter{\COUNTER}{VALUE}
+ \setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}
- The '\setcounter' command sets the value of \COUNTER to the VALUE
+ The '\setcounter' command sets the value of COUNTER to the VALUE
argument.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \addtocounter, Next: \refstepcounter, Prev: \setcounter, Up: Counters
-14.5 '\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
+13.5 '\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}'
====================================
The '\addtocounter' command increments COUNTER by the amount specified
@@ -3127,7 +3284,7 @@ by the VALUE argument, which may be negative.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \refstepcounter, Next: \stepcounter, Prev: \addtocounter, Up: Counters
-14.6 '\refstepcounter{COUNTER}'
+13.6 '\refstepcounter{COUNTER}'
===============================
The '\refstepcounter' command works in the same way as '\stepcounter'
@@ -3137,7 +3294,7 @@ be the result of '\thecounter'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \stepcounter, Next: \day \month \year, Prev: \refstepcounter, Up: Counters
-14.7 '\stepcounter{COUNTER}'
+13.7 '\stepcounter{COUNTER}'
============================
The '\stepcounter' command adds one to COUNTER and resets all subsidiary
@@ -3146,7 +3303,7 @@ counters.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \day \month \year, Prev: \stepcounter, Up: Counters
-14.8 '\day \month \year': Predefined counters
+13.8 '\day \month \year': Predefined counters
=============================================
LaTeX defines counters for the day of the month ('\day', 1-31), month of
@@ -3160,7 +3317,7 @@ current day (*note \today::).

File: latex2e.info, Node: Lengths, Next: Making paragraphs, Prev: Counters, Up: Top
-15 Lengths
+14 Lengths
**********
A 'length' is a measure of distance. Many LaTeX commands take a length
@@ -3178,7 +3335,7 @@ as an argument.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \setlength, Next: \addtolength, Up: Lengths
-15.1 '\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
+14.1 '\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}'
==============================
The '\setlength' sets the value of \LEN to the VALUE argument, which can
@@ -3188,7 +3345,7 @@ millimeters ('mm'), points ('pt'), big points ('bp', etc.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \addtolength, Next: \settodepth, Prev: \setlength, Up: Lengths
-15.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
+14.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT}
===============================
The '\addtolength' command increments a "length command" \LEN by the
@@ -3197,7 +3354,7 @@ amount specified in the AMOUNT argument, which may be negative.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \settodepth, Next: \settoheight, Prev: \addtolength, Up: Lengths
-15.3 '\settodepth'
+14.3 '\settodepth'
==================
'\settodepth{\gnat}{text}'
@@ -3208,7 +3365,7 @@ to the depth of the 'text' argument.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \settoheight, Next: \settowidth, Prev: \settodepth, Up: Lengths
-15.4 '\settoheight'
+14.4 '\settoheight'
===================
'\settoheight{\gnat}{text}'
@@ -3219,7 +3376,7 @@ to the height of the 'text' argument.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \settowidth, Next: Predefined lengths, Prev: \settoheight, Up: Lengths
-15.5 '\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
+14.5 '\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}'
==============================
The '\settowidth' command sets the value of the command \LEN to the
@@ -3228,7 +3385,7 @@ width of the TEXT argument.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Predefined lengths, Prev: \settowidth, Up: Lengths
-15.6 Predefined lengths
+14.6 Predefined lengths
=======================
'\width'
@@ -3250,7 +3407,7 @@ size, e.g., say

File: latex2e.info, Node: Making paragraphs, Next: Math formulas, Prev: Lengths, Up: Top
-16 Making paragraphs
+15 Making paragraphs
********************
A paragraph is ended by one or more completely blank lines--lines not
@@ -3268,7 +3425,7 @@ a sectioning command.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \indent, Next: \noindent, Up: Making paragraphs
-16.1 '\indent'
+15.1 '\indent'
==============
'\indent' produces a horizontal space whose width equals the width of
@@ -3282,7 +3439,7 @@ for '12pt'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \noindent, Next: \parskip, Prev: \indent, Up: Making paragraphs
-16.2 '\noindent'
+15.2 '\noindent'
================
When used at the beginning of the paragraph, '\noindent' suppresses any
@@ -3292,7 +3449,7 @@ paragraph.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \parskip, Next: Marginal notes, Prev: \noindent, Up: Making paragraphs
-16.3 '\parskip'
+15.3 '\parskip'
===============
'\parskip' is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added before
@@ -3301,7 +3458,7 @@ each paragraph. The default is '0pt plus1pt'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Marginal notes, Prev: \parskip, Up: Making paragraphs
-16.4 Marginal notes
+15.4 Marginal notes
===================
Synopsis:
@@ -3351,7 +3508,7 @@ from falling off the bottom of the page.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Math formulas, Next: Modes, Prev: Making paragraphs, Up: Top
-17 Math formulas
+16 Math formulas
****************
There are three environments that put LaTeX in math mode:
@@ -3399,7 +3556,7 @@ summations. For example

File: latex2e.info, Node: Subscripts & superscripts, Next: Math symbols, Up: Math formulas
-17.1 Subscripts & superscripts
+16.1 Subscripts & superscripts
==============================
To get an expression exp to appear as a subscript, you just type
@@ -3411,7 +3568,7 @@ subscript and a superscript.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Math symbols, Next: Math functions, Prev: Subscripts & superscripts, Up: Math formulas
-17.2 Math symbols
+16.2 Math symbols
=================
LaTeX provides almost any mathematical symbol you're likely to need.
@@ -4050,7 +4207,7 @@ symbol (\pi) in your output.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Math functions, Next: Math accents, Prev: Math symbols, Up: Math formulas
-17.3 Math functions
+16.3 Math functions
===================
These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper
@@ -4150,7 +4307,7 @@ spacing.
\sinh
'\sup'
- \sup
+ sup
'\tan'
\tan
@@ -4161,7 +4318,7 @@ spacing.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Math accents, Next: Spacing in math mode, Prev: Math functions, Up: Math formulas
-17.4 Math accents
+16.4 Math accents
=================
LaTeX provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters in
@@ -4216,7 +4373,7 @@ Accents::).

File: latex2e.info, Node: Spacing in math mode, Next: Math miscellany, Prev: Math accents, Up: Math formulas
-17.5 Spacing in math mode
+16.5 Spacing in math mode
=========================
In a 'math' environment, LaTeX ignores the spaces you type and puts in
@@ -4237,7 +4394,7 @@ math mode:

File: latex2e.info, Node: Math miscellany, Prev: Spacing in math mode, Up: Math formulas
-17.6 Math miscellany
+16.6 Math miscellany
====================
'\*'
@@ -4264,7 +4421,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Math miscellany, Prev: Spacing in math mode, Up: Ma
\overbrace{x+\cdots+x}^{k \rm\;times}.
'\overline{TEXT}'
- Generates a horizontal line over TEX. For exampe, \overline{x+y}.
+ Generates a horizontal line over TEX. For example, \overline{x+y}.
'\sqrt[ROOT]{arg}'
Produces the representation of the square root of ARG. The
@@ -4290,7 +4447,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Math miscellany, Prev: Spacing in math mode, Up: Ma

File: latex2e.info, Node: Modes, Next: Page styles, Prev: Math formulas, Up: Top
-18 Modes
+17 Modes
********
When LaTeX is processing your input text, it is always in one of three
@@ -4300,36 +4457,39 @@ modes:
* Math mode
* Left-to-right mode, called LR mode for short
- LaTeX changes mode only when it goes up or down a staircase to a
-different level, though not all level changes produce mode changes.
-Mode changes occur only when entering or leaving an environment, or when
-LaTeX is processing the argument of certain text-producing commands.
+ Mode changes occur only when entering or leaving an environment, or
+when LaTeX is processing the argument of certain text-producing
+commands.
"Paragraph mode" is the most common; it's the one LaTeX is in when
-processing ordinary text. In that mode, LaTeX breaks your text into
-lines and breaks the lines into pages. LaTeX is in "math mode" when
-it's generating a mathematical formula. In "LR mode", as in paragraph
-mode, LaTeX considers the output that it produces to be a string of
-words with spaces between them. However, unlike paragraph mode, LaTeX
-keeps going from left to right; it never starts a new line in LR mode.
-Even if you put a hundred words into an '\mbox', LaTeX would keep
-typesetting them from left to right inside a single box, and then
-complain because the resulting box was too wide to fit on the line.
-
- LaTeX is in LR mode when it starts making a box with an '\mbox'
-command. You can get it to enter a different mode inside the box - for
-example, you can make it enter math mode to put a formula in the box.
-There are also several text-producing commands and environments for
-making a box that put LaTeX in paragraph mode. The box make by one of
+processing ordinary text. In this mode, LaTeX breaks the input text
+into lines and breaks the lines into pages.
+
+ LaTeX is in "math mode" when it's generating a mathematical formula,
+either displayed math or within a line.
+
+ In "LR mode", as in paragraph mode, LaTeX considers the output that
+it produces to be a string of words with spaces between them. However,
+unlike paragraph mode, LaTeX keeps going from left to right; it never
+starts a new line in LR mode. Even if you put a hundred words into an
+'\mbox', LaTeX would keep typesetting them from left to right inside a
+single box (and then most likely complain because the resulting box was
+too wide to fit on the line). LaTeX is in LR mode when it starts making
+a box with an '\mbox' command. You can get it to enter a different mode
+inside the box--for example, you can make it enter math mode to put a
+formula in the box.
+
+ There are also several text-producing commands and environments for
+making a box that put LaTeX into paragraph mode. The box made by one of
these commands or environments will be called a 'parbox'. When LaTeX is
in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to be in "inner
-paragraph mode". Its normal paragraph mode, which it starts out in, is
-called "outer paragraph mode".
+paragraph mode" (no page breaks). Its normal paragraph mode, which it
+starts out in, is called "outer paragraph mode".

File: latex2e.info, Node: Page styles, Next: Spaces, Prev: Modes, Up: Top
-19 Page styles
+18 Page styles
**************
The '\documentclass' command determines the size and position of the
@@ -4345,7 +4505,7 @@ page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \maketitle, Next: \pagenumbering, Up: Page styles
-19.1 '\maketitle'
+18.1 '\maketitle'
=================
The '\maketitle' command generates a title on a separate title
@@ -4374,14 +4534,15 @@ obtained from the following declarations:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagenumbering, Next: \pagestyle, Prev: \maketitle, Up: Page styles
-19.2 '\pagenumbering'
+18.2 '\pagenumbering'
=====================
Synopsis:
\pagenumbering{STYLE}
- Specifies the style of page numbers, according to STYLE:
+ Specifies the style of page numbers, according to STYLE; also resets
+the page number to 1. The STYLE argument is one of the following:
'arabic'
arabic numerals
@@ -4401,7 +4562,7 @@ Synopsis:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagestyle, Next: \thispagestyle, Prev: \pagenumbering, Up: Page styles
-19.3 '\pagestyle'
+18.3 '\pagestyle'
=================
Synopsis:
@@ -4440,7 +4601,7 @@ typeset from the current page onwards. Values for STYLE:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \thispagestyle, Prev: \pagestyle, Up: Page styles
-19.4 '\thispagestyle{STYLE}'
+18.4 '\thispagestyle{STYLE}'
============================
The '\thispagestyle' command works in the same manner as the
@@ -4450,7 +4611,7 @@ STYLE for the current page only.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Spaces, Next: Boxes, Prev: Page styles, Up: Top
-20 Spaces
+19 Spaces
*********
LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
@@ -4465,9 +4626,9 @@ Horizontal space
* \hspace:: Fixed horizontal space.
* \hfill:: Stretchable horizontal space.
* \SPACE:: Normal interword space.
-* \AT:: Ending a sentence.
+* \@:: Ending a sentence.
* \thinspace:: One-sixth of an em.
-* \/:: Per-character italic correction.
+* \/:: Insert italic correction.
* \hrulefill:: Stretchable horizontal rule.
* \dotfill:: Stretchable horizontal dots.
@@ -4480,7 +4641,7 @@ Vertical space

File: latex2e.info, Node: \hspace, Next: \hfill, Up: Spaces
-20.1 '\hspace'
+19.1 '\hspace'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -4498,7 +4659,7 @@ or end of a line. To preserve this space, use the optional '*' form.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \hfill, Next: \SPACE, Prev: \hspace, Up: Spaces
-20.2 '\hfill'
+19.2 '\hfill'
=============
The '\hfill' fill command produces a "rubber length" which has no
@@ -4509,13 +4670,13 @@ glue value '0pt plus1fill'); thus, '\hspace\fill' is equivalent to
'\hfill'.

-File: latex2e.info, Node: \SPACE, Next: \AT, Prev: \hfill, Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \SPACE, Next: \@, Prev: \hfill, Up: Spaces
-20.3 '\SPACE'
-=============
+19.3 '\SPACE': Normal interword space
+=====================================
The '\ ' (space) command produces a normal interword space. It's useful
-after punctuation which shouldn't end a sentence. For example 'Knuth's
+after punctuation which shouldn't end a sentence. For example, 'the
article in Proc.\ Amer.\ Math\. Soc.\ is fundamental'. It is also often
used after control sequences, as in '\TeX\ is a nice system.'
@@ -4523,10 +4684,10 @@ used after control sequences, as in '\TeX\ is a nice system.'
'\ '.

-File: latex2e.info, Node: \AT, Next: \thinspace, Prev: \SPACE, Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \@, Next: \thinspace, Prev: \SPACE, Up: Spaces
-20.4 '\@'
-=========
+19.4 '\@': Force sentence-ending punctuation
+============================================
The '\@' command makes the following punctuation character end a
sentence even if it normally would not. This is typically used after a
@@ -4541,19 +4702,20 @@ produces
... in C. Pascal, though ...

-File: latex2e.info, Node: \thinspace, Next: \/, Prev: \AT, Up: Spaces
+File: latex2e.info, Node: \thinspace, Next: \/, Prev: \@, Up: Spaces
-20.5 '\thinspace'
-=================
+19.5 '\thinspace': Insert 1/6em
+===============================
'\thinspace' produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that is 1/6
-of an em. This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as in '".
+of an em. This is the proper space to use between nested quotes, as in
+'".

File: latex2e.info, Node: \/, Next: \hrulefill, Prev: \thinspace, Up: Spaces
-20.6 '\/'
-=========
+19.6 '\/': Insert italic correction
+===================================
The '\/' command produces an "italic correction". This is a small space
defined by the font designer for a given character, to avoid the
@@ -4566,14 +4728,21 @@ very small height. However, with semicolons or colons, as well as
normal letters, it can help. Compare f: f; (in the TeX output, the 'f's
are nicely separated) with f: f;.
+ When changing fonts with commands such as '\textit{italic text}' or
+'{\itshape italic text}', LaTeX will automatically insert an italic
+correction if appropriate (*note Font styles::).
+
Despite the name, roman characters can also have an italic
correction. Compare pdfTeX (in the TeX output, there is a small space
after the 'f') with pdfTeX.
+ There is no concept of italic correction in math mode; spacing is
+done in a different way.
+

File: latex2e.info, Node: \hrulefill, Next: \dotfill, Prev: \/, Up: Spaces
-20.7 '\hrulefill'
+19.7 '\hrulefill'
=================
The '\hrulefill' fill command produces a "rubber length" which can
@@ -4583,7 +4752,7 @@ rule.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \dotfill, Next: \addvspace, Prev: \hrulefill, Up: Spaces
-20.8 '\dotfill'
+19.8 '\dotfill'
===============
The '\dotfill' command produces a "rubber length" that fills with dots
@@ -4592,7 +4761,7 @@ instead of just white space.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \addvspace, Next: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Prev: \dotfill, Up: Spaces
-20.9 '\addvspace'
+19.9 '\addvspace'
=================
'\addvspace{length}'
@@ -4600,35 +4769,37 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: \addvspace, Next: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Pre
The '\addvspace' command normally adds a vertical space of height
length. However, if vertical space has already been added to the same
point in the output by a previous '\addvspace' command, then this
-command will not add more space than needed to make the natural length
-of the total vertical space equal to 'length'.
+command will not add more space than is needed to make the natural
+length of the total vertical space equal to 'length'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Next: \vfill, Prev: \addvspace, Up: Spaces
-20.10 '\bigskip \medskip \smallskip'
+19.10 '\bigskip \medskip \smallskip'
====================================
-These commands produce a given amount of space.
+These commands produce a given amount of space, specified by the
+document class.
'\bigskip'
- The same as '\vspace{bigskipamount}', ordinarily about one line
- space (with stretch and shrink).
+ The same as '\vspace{\bigskipamount}', ordinarily about one line
+ space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the 'book' and
+ 'article' classes is '12pt plus 4pt minus 4pt').
'\medskip'
- The same as '\vspace{medskipamount}', ordinarily about half of a
- line space (with stretch and shrink).
+ The same as '\vspace{\medskipamount}', ordinarily about half of a
+ line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the 'book' and
+ 'article' classes is '6pt plus 2pt minus 2pt').
'\smallskip'
- The same as '\vspace{smallskipamount}', ordinarily about a quarter
- of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
-
- The '\...amount' parameters are determined by the document class.
+ The same as '\vspace{\smallskipamount}', ordinarily about a quarter
+ of a line space, with stretch and shrink (the default for the
+ 'book' and 'article' classes is '3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt').

File: latex2e.info, Node: \vfill, Next: \vspace, Prev: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Up: Spaces
-20.11 '\vfill'
+19.11 '\vfill'
==============
The '\vfill' fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which can
@@ -4638,7 +4809,7 @@ stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It's equivalent to

File: latex2e.info, Node: \vspace, Prev: \vfill, Up: Spaces
-20.12 '\vspace[*]{LENGTH}'
+19.12 '\vspace[*]{LENGTH}'
==========================
Synopsis:
@@ -4655,7 +4826,7 @@ not removed.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Boxes, Next: Special insertions, Prev: Spaces, Up: Top
-21 Boxes
+20 Boxes
********
All the predefined length parameters (*note Predefined lengths::) can be
@@ -4665,18 +4836,18 @@ used in the arguments of the box-making commands.
* \mbox:: Horizontal boxes.
* \fbox and \framebox:: Put a frame around a box.
-* lrbox:: An environment like \sbox.
+* lrbox:: An environment like '\sbox'.
* \makebox:: Box, adjustable position.
* \parbox:: Box with text in paragraph mode.
* \raisebox:: Raise or lower text.
-* \savebox:: Like \makebox, but save the text for later use.
-* \sbox:: Like \mbox, but save the text for later use.
+* \savebox:: Like '\makebox', but save the text for later use.
+* \sbox:: Like '\mbox', but save the text for later use.
* \usebox:: Print saved text.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \mbox, Next: \fbox and \framebox, Up: Boxes
-21.1 '\mbox{TEXT}'
+20.1 '\mbox{TEXT}'
==================
The '\mbox' command creates a box just wide enough to hold the text
@@ -4686,7 +4857,7 @@ be used to prevent hyphenation.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \fbox and \framebox, Next: lrbox, Prev: \mbox, Up: Boxes
-21.2 '\fbox' and '\framebox'
+20.2 '\fbox' and '\framebox'
============================
Synopses:
@@ -4711,7 +4882,7 @@ rule and the contents of the box.

File: latex2e.info, Node: lrbox, Next: \makebox, Prev: \fbox and \framebox, Up: Boxes
-21.3 'lrbox'
+20.3 'lrbox'
============
'\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}'
@@ -4724,7 +4895,7 @@ have been declared with '\newsavebox'.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \makebox, Next: \parbox, Prev: lrbox, Up: Boxes
-21.4 '\makebox'
+20.4 '\makebox'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -4752,7 +4923,7 @@ optional POSITION argument, which may take the following values:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \parbox, Next: \raisebox, Prev: \makebox, Up: Boxes
-21.5 '\parbox'
+20.5 '\parbox'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -4795,7 +4966,7 @@ box, as follows; if it is not specified, POSITION is used.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \raisebox, Next: \savebox, Prev: \parbox, Up: Boxes
-21.6 '\raisebox'
+20.6 '\raisebox'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -4814,7 +4985,7 @@ depth.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \savebox, Next: \sbox, Prev: \raisebox, Up: Boxes
-21.7 '\savebox'
+20.7 '\savebox'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -4829,7 +5000,7 @@ it in the box labeled \BOXCMD, which must have been declared with

File: latex2e.info, Node: \sbox, Next: \usebox, Prev: \savebox, Up: Boxes
-21.8 '\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}'
+20.8 '\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}'
===========================
Synopsis:
@@ -4844,8 +5015,8 @@ previously declared with '\newsavebox' (*note \newsavebox::).

File: latex2e.info, Node: \usebox, Prev: \sbox, Up: Boxes
-21.9 '\usebox{\BOXCMD'
-======================
+20.9 '\usebox{\BOXCMD}'
+=======================
Synopsis:
@@ -4857,7 +5028,7 @@ a '\savebox' command (*note \savebox::).

File: latex2e.info, Node: Special insertions, Next: Splitting the input, Prev: Boxes, Up: Top
-22 Special insertions
+21 Special insertions
*********************
LaTeX provides commands for inserting characters that have a special
@@ -4865,7 +5036,7 @@ meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
* Menu:
-* Reserved characters:: Inserting # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
+* Reserved characters:: Inserting '# $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }'
* Text symbols:: Inserting other non-letter symbols in text.
* Accents:: Inserting accents.
* Non-English characters:: Inserting other non-English characters.
@@ -4875,7 +5046,7 @@ meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Reserved characters, Next: Text symbols, Up: Special insertions
-22.1 Reserved characters
+21.1 Reserved characters
========================
The following characters play a special role in LaTeX and are called
@@ -4909,7 +5080,7 @@ with '"', so the previous example could also be written as

File: latex2e.info, Node: Text symbols, Next: Accents, Prev: Reserved characters, Up: Special insertions
-22.2 Text symbols
+21.2 Text symbols
=================
LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in
@@ -4929,6 +5100,9 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
'\LaTeX'
The LaTeX logo.
+'\LaTeXe'
+ The LaTeX2e logo.
+
'\guillemotleft (<<)'
'\guillemotright (>>)'
'\guilsinglleft (<)'
@@ -5044,7 +5218,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.
Centered period: \cdot.
'\textquestiondown (or '?`')'
- Upside down questionation point: ?.
+ Upside down question mark: ?.
'\textquotedblleft (or '``')'
Double left quote: ".
@@ -5086,7 +5260,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the 'textcomp' package.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Accents, Next: Non-English characters, Prev: Text symbols, Up: Special insertions
-22.3 Accents
+21.3 Accents
============
LaTeX has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages,
@@ -5183,7 +5357,7 @@ capital letters. These are not available with OT1.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Non-English characters, Next: \rule, Prev: Accents, Up: Special insertions
-22.4 Non-English characters
+21.4 Non-English characters
===========================
Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting characters commonly used
@@ -5203,7 +5377,7 @@ in languages other than English.
'\dj'
'\DJ'
- xxxx
+ Crossed d and D, a.k.a. capital and small letter d with stroke.
'\ij'
'\IJ'
@@ -5215,7 +5389,7 @@ in languages other than English.
'\ng'
'\NG'
- xxxx
+ Latin letter eng, also used in phonetics.
'\o'
'\O'
@@ -5236,7 +5410,7 @@ in languages other than English.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \rule, Next: \today, Prev: Non-English characters, Up: Special insertions
-22.5 '\rule'
+21.5 '\rule'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -5258,7 +5432,7 @@ THICKNESS

File: latex2e.info, Node: \today, Prev: \rule, Up: Special insertions
-22.6 '\today'
+21.6 '\today'
=============
The '\today' command produces today's date, in the format 'MONTH DD,
@@ -5272,7 +5446,7 @@ other date formats.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Splitting the input, Next: Front/back matter, Prev: Special insertions, Up: Top
-23 Splitting the input
+22 Splitting the input
**********************
A large document requires a lot of input. Rather than putting the whole
@@ -5293,7 +5467,7 @@ external file to be created with the main document.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \include, Next: \includeonly, Up: Splitting the input
-23.1 '\include'
+22.1 '\include'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -5314,7 +5488,7 @@ read by another '\include' command.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \includeonly, Next: \input, Prev: \include, Up: Splitting the input
-23.2 \'includeonly'
+22.2 \'includeonly'
===================
Synopsis:
@@ -5331,7 +5505,7 @@ comma-separated. Each FILE must exactly match a filename specified in a

File: latex2e.info, Node: \input, Prev: \includeonly, Up: Splitting the input
-23.3 \input
+22.3 \input
===========
Synopsis:
@@ -5349,7 +5523,7 @@ is not found, the original FILE is tried ('foo' or 'foo.bar').

File: latex2e.info, Node: Front/back matter, Next: Letters, Prev: Splitting the input, Up: Top
-24 Front/back matter
+23 Front/back matter
********************
* Menu:
@@ -5361,7 +5535,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Front/back matter, Next: Letters, Prev: Splitting t

File: latex2e.info, Node: Tables of contents, Next: Glossaries, Up: Front/back matter
-24.1 Tables of contents
+23.1 Tables of contents
=======================
A table of contents is produced with the '\tableofcontents' command.
@@ -5375,21 +5549,22 @@ of contents, write a '\newpage' command after the '\tableofcontents'
command.
The analogous commands '\listoffigures' and '\listoftables' produce a
-list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works
-exactly the same as for the table of contents.
+list of figures and a list of tables (from '.lof' and '.lot' files),
+respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for the table of
+contents.
The command '\nofiles' overrides these commands, and _prevents_ any
of these lists from being generated.
* Menu:
-* \addcontentsline:: Add an entry to table of contents etc.
-* \addtocontents:: Add text directly to table of contents file etc.
+* \addcontentsline:: Add an entry to table of contents, etc.
+* \addtocontents:: Add text directly to table of contents file, etc.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \addcontentsline, Next: \addtocontents, Up: Tables of contents
-24.1.1 \addcontentsline
+23.1.1 \addcontentsline
-----------------------
The '\addcontentsline'{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT} command adds an entry to the
@@ -5413,7 +5588,7 @@ UNIT
For the list of tables.
ENTRY
- The actual text of the entry.
+ The text of the entry.
What is written to the '.EXT' file is the command
'\contentsline{UNIT}{NAME}'.
@@ -5421,7 +5596,7 @@ ENTRY

File: latex2e.info, Node: \addtocontents, Prev: \addcontentsline, Up: Tables of contents
-24.1.2 \addtocontents
+23.1.2 \addtocontents
---------------------
The '\addtocontents'{EXT}{TEXT} command adds text (or formatting
@@ -5429,9 +5604,9 @@ commands) directly to the '.EXT' file that generates the table of
contents or lists of figures or tables.
EXT
- The extension of the file on which information is to be written:
- 'toc' (table of contents), 'lof' (list of figures), or 'lot' (list
- of tables).
+ The extension of the file on which information is to be written,
+ typically one of: 'toc' (table of contents), 'lof' (list of
+ figures), or 'lot' (list of tables).
TEXT
The text to be written.
@@ -5439,7 +5614,7 @@ TEXT

File: latex2e.info, Node: Glossaries, Next: Indexes, Prev: Tables of contents, Up: Front/back matter
-24.2 Glossaries
+23.2 Glossaries
===============
The command '\makeglossary' enables creating glossaries.
@@ -5457,7 +5632,7 @@ glossaries.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Indexes, Prev: Glossaries, Up: Front/back matter
-24.3 Indexes
+23.3 Indexes
============
The command '\makeindex' enables creating indexes. Put this in the
@@ -5500,7 +5675,7 @@ FAQ entry on this topic,

File: latex2e.info, Node: Letters, Next: Terminal input/output, Prev: Front/back matter, Up: Top
-25 Letters
+24 Letters
**********
You can use LaTeX to typeset letters, both personal and business. The
@@ -5542,7 +5717,7 @@ separate the items.
* \cc:: Cc list.
* \closing:: Saying goodbye.
* \encl:: List of enclosed material.
-* \location:: Your organisation's address.
+* \location:: Your organization's address.
* \makelabels:: Making address labels.
* \name:: Your name, for the return address.
* \opening:: Saying hello.
@@ -5555,7 +5730,7 @@ separate the items.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \address, Next: \cc, Up: Letters
-25.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS}
+24.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS}
=============================
The '\address' specifies the return address of a letter, as it should
@@ -5563,7 +5738,7 @@ appear on the letter and the envelope. Separate lines of the address
should be separated by '\\' commands.
If you do not make an '\address' declaration, then the letter will be
-formatted for copying onto your organisation's standard letterhead.
+formatted for copying onto your organization's standard letterhead.
(*Note Overview::, for details on your local implementation). If you
give an '\address' declaration, then the letter will be formatted as a
personal letter.
@@ -5571,7 +5746,7 @@ personal letter.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \cc, Next: \closing, Prev: \address, Up: Letters
-25.2 '\cc'
+24.2 '\cc'
==========
Synopsis:
@@ -5584,7 +5759,7 @@ printed on a separate line.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \closing, Next: \encl, Prev: \cc, Up: Letters
-25.3 '\closing'
+24.3 '\closing'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -5597,7 +5772,7 @@ Synopsis:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \encl, Next: \location, Prev: \closing, Up: Letters
-25.4 '\encl'
+24.4 '\encl'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -5609,18 +5784,18 @@ Synopsis:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \location, Next: \makelabels, Prev: \encl, Up: Letters
-25.5 '\location'
+24.5 '\location'
================
'\location{address}'
- This modifies your organisation's standard address. This only
+ This modifies your organization's standard address. This only
appears if the 'firstpage' pagestyle is selected.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \makelabels, Next: \name, Prev: \location, Up: Letters
-25.6 '\makelabels'
+24.6 '\makelabels'
==================
'\makelabels{number}'
@@ -5631,7 +5806,7 @@ of address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \name, Next: \opening, Prev: \makelabels, Up: Letters
-25.7 '\name'
+24.7 '\name'
============
'\name{June Davenport}'
@@ -5642,7 +5817,7 @@ address.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \opening, Next: \ps, Prev: \name, Up: Letters
-25.8 '\opening{TEXT}'
+24.8 '\opening{TEXT}'
=====================
Synopsis:
@@ -5657,7 +5832,7 @@ TEXT, is whatever text you wish to start your letter. For instance:

File: latex2e.info, Node: \ps, Next: \signature, Prev: \opening, Up: Letters
-25.9 '\ps'
+24.9 '\ps'
==========
Use the '\ps' command to start a postscript in a letter, after
@@ -5666,7 +5841,7 @@ Use the '\ps' command to start a postscript in a letter, after

File: latex2e.info, Node: \signature, Next: \startbreaks, Prev: \ps, Up: Letters
-25.10 '\signature{TEXT}'
+24.10 '\signature{TEXT}'
========================
Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the
@@ -5675,7 +5850,7 @@ space for your signature. '\\' starts a new line within TEXT as usual.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \startbreaks, Next: \stopbreaks, Prev: \signature, Up: Letters
-25.11 '\startbreaks'
+24.11 '\startbreaks'
====================
'\startbreaks'
@@ -5685,7 +5860,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: \startbreaks, Next: \stopbreaks, Prev: \signature,

File: latex2e.info, Node: \stopbreaks, Next: \telephone, Prev: \startbreaks, Up: Letters
-25.12 '\stopbreaks'
+24.12 '\stopbreaks'
===================
'\stopbreaks'
@@ -5695,7 +5870,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: \stopbreaks, Next: \telephone, Prev: \startbreaks,

File: latex2e.info, Node: \telephone, Prev: \stopbreaks, Up: Letters
-25.13 '\telephone'
+24.13 '\telephone'
==================
'\telephone{number}'
@@ -5706,7 +5881,7 @@ pagestyle is selected.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Terminal input/output, Next: Command line, Prev: Letters, Up: Top
-26 Terminal input/output
+25 Terminal input/output
************************
* Menu:
@@ -5717,7 +5892,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Terminal input/output, Next: Command line, Prev: Le

File: latex2e.info, Node: \typein, Next: \typeout, Up: Terminal input/output
-26.1 '\typein[CMD]{MSG}'
+25.1 '\typein[CMD]{MSG}'
========================
Synopsis:
@@ -5734,7 +5909,7 @@ command name is then defined or redefined to be the typed input.

File: latex2e.info, Node: \typeout, Prev: \typein, Up: Terminal input/output
-26.2 '\typeout{MSG}'
+25.2 '\typeout{MSG}'
====================
Synopsis:
@@ -5753,22 +5928,27 @@ surrounding spaces. A '^^J' in 'msg' prints a newline.

File: latex2e.info, Node: Command line, Next: Document templates, Prev: Terminal input/output, Up: Top
-27 Command line
+26 Command line
***************
The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; TeX
uses '.tex' as a default file extension. If you omit the input file
-entirely, TeX accepts input from the terminal. You specify command
-options by supplying a string as a parameter to the command; e.g.
+entirely, TeX accepts input from the terminal. You can also specify
+arbitrary LaTeX input by starting with a backslash. For example, this
+processes 'foo.tex' without pausing after every error:
latex '\nonstopmode\input foo.tex'
-will process 'foo.tex' without pausing after every error.
+ With many, but not all, implementations, command-line options can
+also be specified in the usual Unix way, starting with '-' or '--'. For
+a list of those options, try 'latex --help'.
If LaTeX stops in the middle of the document and gives you a '*'
prompt, it is waiting for input. You can type '\stop' (and return) and
it will prematurely end the document.
+ *Note TeX engines::, for other system commands invoking LaTeX.
+

File: latex2e.info, Node: Document templates, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Command line, Up: Top
@@ -5776,45 +5956,23 @@ Appendix A Document templates
*****************************
Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will
-be useful. Additional template resources are listed
+be useful. Additional template resources are listed at
<http://tug.org/interest.html#latextemplates>.
* Menu:
-* book template::
* beamer template::
+* book template::
* tugboat template::

-File: latex2e.info, Node: book template, Next: beamer template, Up: Document templates
+File: latex2e.info, Node: beamer template, Next: book template, Up: Document templates
-A.1 'book' template
-===================
-
-\documentclass{book}
-\title{Book Class Template}
-\author{Alex Author}
-
-\begin{document}
-\maketitle
-
-\chapter{First}
-Some text.
-
-\chapter{Second}
-Some other text.
-
-\section{A subtopic}
-The end.
-\end{document}
-
-
-File: latex2e.info, Node: beamer template, Next: tugboat template, Prev: book template, Up: Document templates
-
-A.2 'beamer' template
+A.1 'beamer' template
=====================
-The 'beamer' class creates slides presentations.
+The 'beamer' class creates presentation slides. It has a vast array of
+features, but here is a basic template:
\documentclass{beamer}
@@ -5842,7 +6000,30 @@ The 'beamer' class creates slides presentations.
<http://robjhyndman.com/hyndsight/beamer/>.

-File: latex2e.info, Node: tugboat template, Prev: beamer template, Up: Document templates
+File: latex2e.info, Node: book template, Next: tugboat template, Prev: beamer template, Up: Document templates
+
+A.2 'book' template
+===================
+
+\documentclass{book}
+\title{Book Class Template}
+\author{Alex Author}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\chapter{First}
+Some text.
+
+\chapter{Second}
+Some other text.
+
+\section{A subtopic}
+The end.
+\end{document}
+
+
+File: latex2e.info, Node: tugboat template, Prev: book template, Up: Document templates
A.3 'tugboat' template
======================
@@ -5880,8 +6061,8 @@ This is an example article for \TUB{}.
This is an example article for \TUB, from
\url{http://tug.org/TUGboat/location.html}.
-We recommend the graphicx package for image inclusions, and the
-hyperref package for active url's (in the \acro{PDF} output).
+We recommend the \texttt{graphicx} package for image inclusions, and the
+\texttt{hyperref} package for active urls in the \acro{PDF} output.
Nowadays \TUB\ is produced using \acro{PDF} files exclusively.
The \texttt{ltugboat} class provides these abbreviations and many more:
@@ -5931,7 +6112,7 @@ Concept Index
* Menu:
-* '*' prompt: Command line. (line 15)
+* '*' prompt: Command line. (line 18)
* *-form of defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
(line 13)
* *-form of environment commands: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
@@ -5947,6 +6128,8 @@ Concept Index
* accessing any character of a font: Reserved characters. (line 25)
* acute accent: Accents. (line 20)
* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 11)
+* additional packages, loading: Document class options.
+ (line 75)
* ae ligature: Non-English characters.
(line 15)
* align environment, from 'amsmath': eqnarray. (line 6)
@@ -5957,49 +6140,54 @@ Concept Index
* aring: Non-English characters.
(line 11)
* arrays, math: array. (line 6)
-* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 128)
-* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 160)
-* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 96)
-* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 61)
-* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 64)
-* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 67)
+* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 131)
+* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 163)
+* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 99)
+* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 64)
+* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 67)
+* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 70)
* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 12)
-* auxiliary file: Overview. (line 45)
-* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 70)
-* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 76)
-* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 73)
+* auxiliary file: Output files. (line 33)
+* 'babel' package: Accents. (line 6)
+* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 73)
+* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 79)
+* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 76)
* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 29)
* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 14)
* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 46)
-* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 8)
+* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 6)
+* 'beamer' template and class: beamer template. (line 6)
+* bibliography format, open: Document class options.
+ (line 42)
* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 6)
* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 6)
* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 6)
-* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 79)
+* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 82)
* black boxes, omitting: Document class options.
- (line 27)
-* bold font: Font styles. (line 98)
-* bold math: Font styles. (line 78)
+ (line 28)
+* bold font: Font styles. (line 104)
+* bold math: Font styles. (line 84)
* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 18)
* boxes: Boxes. (line 6)
-* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 82)
-* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 85)
+* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 85)
+* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 88)
* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 6)
* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 6)
* breve accent: Accents. (line 85)
* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 17)
-* bug reporting: About this document. (line 13)
+* bug reporting: About this document. (line 6)
* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 87)
-* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 88)
+* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 91)
* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 6)
-* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 101)
-* cap height: Text symbols. (line 96)
+* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 107)
+* cap height: Text symbols. (line 99)
* caron accent: Accents. (line 95)
-* case sensitivity of LaTeX: Overview. (line 57)
* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 6)
* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 50)
-* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 67)
-* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 135)
+* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 70)
+* centered equations: Document class options.
+ (line 32)
+* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 138)
* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 6)
* centering text, environment for: center. (line 6)
* characters, accented: Accents. (line 6)
@@ -6008,22 +6196,25 @@ Concept Index
* characters, reserved: Reserved characters. (line 6)
* check accent: Accents. (line 95)
* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 20)
-* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 79)
-* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 91)
+* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 82)
+* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 94)
* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 33)
* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 32)
-* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 61)
+* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 64)
* class options: Document class options.
(line 6)
* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 6)
* closing letters: \closing. (line 6)
-* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 52)
+* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 55)
* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6)
* command line: Command line. (line 6)
+* command syntax: LaTeX command syntax.
+ (line 6)
* commands, defining new ones: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
(line 6)
-* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 96)
+* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 99)
* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 6)
+* contents file: Output files. (line 43)
* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 12)
* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 6)
* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 6)
@@ -6034,13 +6225,14 @@ Concept Index
* creating tables: table. (line 6)
* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 22)
* cross references: Cross references. (line 6)
+* cross references, resolving: Output files. (line 33)
* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 6)
* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 6)
-* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 107)
-* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 116)
-* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 104)
+* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 110)
+* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 119)
+* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 107)
* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 15)
-* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 101)
+* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 104)
* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 18)
* 'datetime' package: \today. (line 11)
* defining a new command: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
@@ -6059,9 +6251,10 @@ Concept Index
(line 6)
* document class options: Document class options.
(line 6)
+* document class, defined: Starting and ending. (line 14)
* document classes: Document classes. (line 6)
* document templates: Document templates. (line 6)
-* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 107)
+* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 110)
* dot accent: Accents. (line 25)
* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 26)
* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 25)
@@ -6070,51 +6263,58 @@ Concept Index
* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 35)
* dotless j: Accents. (line 65)
* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 38)
-* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 27)
+* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 30)
* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 18)
-* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 104)
+* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 107)
* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 23)
-* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 27)
-* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 141)
-* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 49)
-* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 154)
-* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 144)
+* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 30)
+* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 144)
+* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 52)
+* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 157)
+* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 147)
* double spacing: Low-level font commands.
(line 52)
-* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 76)
-* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 113)
-* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 33)
-* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 110)
-* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 163)
-* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 169)
-* emphasis: Font styles. (line 30)
-* emphasis <1>: Font styles. (line 104)
+* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 79)
+* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 116)
+* e-TeX: TeX engines. (line 12)
+* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 36)
+* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 113)
+* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 166)
+* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 172)
+* emphasis: Font styles. (line 36)
+* emphasis <1>: Font styles. (line 110)
* enclosure list: \encl. (line 6)
-* ending & starting: Starting & ending. (line 6)
+* ending & starting: Starting and ending. (line 6)
+* engines, TeX: TeX engines. (line 6)
* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 6)
* environments: Environments. (line 6)
* environments, defining: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
(line 6)
* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 6)
+* equation numbers, left vs. right: Document class options.
+ (line 38)
* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 29)
* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 6)
* equations, environment for: equation. (line 6)
+* equations, flush left vs. centered: Document class options.
+ (line 32)
* es-zet German letter: Non-English characters.
(line 47)
* eth, Icelandic letter: Non-English characters.
(line 19)
-* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 116)
-* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 119)
+* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 119)
+* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 122)
* exponent: Subscripts & superscripts.
(line 6)
* external files, creating: filecontents. (line 6)
-* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 132)
+* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 135)
* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 6)
* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 21)
* figures, inserting: figure. (line 6)
-* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 122)
-* 'float' package: figure. (line 34)
-* 'float' package <1>: figure. (line 38)
+* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 128)
+* 'float' package: figure. (line 38)
+* flush left equations: Document class options.
+ (line 32)
* flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage. (line 6)
* font commands, low-level: Low-level font commands.
(line 6)
@@ -6133,17 +6333,20 @@ Concept Index
(line 6)
* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 6)
* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 6)
+* forward references, resolving: Output files. (line 33)
* fragile commands: \protect. (line 6)
-* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 27)
+* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 30)
* functions, math: Math functions. (line 6)
* global options: Document class options.
(line 6)
* global options <1>: Document class options.
- (line 76)
+ (line 83)
* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 6)
+* glossary package: Glossaries. (line 15)
+* graphics packages: \line. (line 13)
* grave accent: Accents. (line 37)
* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 29)
-* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 122)
+* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 125)
* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 6)
* ha'c<ek accent, math: Math accents. (line 20)
* hacek accent: Accents. (line 95)
@@ -6152,6 +6355,7 @@ Concept Index
* header style: \pagestyle. (line 6)
* header, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
(line 6)
+* hello, world: Starting and ending. (line 6)
* here, putting floats: figure. (line 38)
* hungarian umlaut accent: Accents. (line 58)
* hyphenation, defining: \hyphenation. (line 6)
@@ -6163,34 +6367,46 @@ Concept Index
(line 51)
* ij letter, Dutch: Non-English characters.
(line 27)
+* implementations of TeX: TeX engines. (line 6)
* in-line formulas: math. (line 6)
* indent, forcing: \indent. (line 6)
* indent, suppressing: \noindent. (line 6)
* indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage. (line 17)
+* index entries, 'see' and 'see also': Indexes. (line 16)
* indexes: Indexes. (line 6)
+* infinite horizontal stretch: \hfill. (line 6)
+* infinite vertical stretch: \vfill. (line 6)
* initial command: filecontents. (line 14)
* input file: Splitting the input. (line 6)
* input/output: Terminal input/output.
(line 6)
* inserting figures: figure. (line 6)
-* italic font: Font styles. (line 107)
+* italic correction: \/. (line 6)
+* italic font: Font styles. (line 113)
* justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 6)
* justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 6)
-* Knuth, Donald E.: About this document. (line 6)
+* Knuth, Donald E.: Overview. (line 6)
* labelled lists, creating: description. (line 6)
-* Lamport, Leslie: About this document. (line 6)
+* Lamport TeX: Overview. (line 24)
+* Lamport, Leslie: Overview. (line 6)
+* landscape orientation: Document class options.
+ (line 35)
* LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 21)
-* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 8)
-* LaTeX Project team: About this document. (line 6)
+* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 6)
+* LaTeX Project team: About this document. (line 17)
+* LaTeX vs. LaTeX2e: About this document. (line 13)
+* LaTeX2e logo: Text symbols. (line 24)
* layout commands: Layout. (line 6)
* layout, page parameters for: Page layout parameters.
(line 6)
-* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 27)
-* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 128)
-* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 82)
-* left quote: Text symbols. (line 37)
-* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 141)
-* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 147)
+* left angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 30)
+* left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 131)
+* left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 85)
+* left quote: Text symbols. (line 40)
+* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 144)
+* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 150)
+* left-hand equation numbers: Document class options.
+ (line 38)
* left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 6)
* left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 6)
* left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 6)
@@ -6199,7 +6415,7 @@ Concept Index
* lengths, defining new: \newlength. (line 6)
* lengths, predefined: Predefined lengths. (line 6)
* lengths, setting: \setlength. (line 6)
-* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 125)
+* less than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 128)
* letters: Letters. (line 6)
* letters, accented: Accents. (line 6)
* letters, ending: \closing. (line 6)
@@ -6213,23 +6429,28 @@ Concept Index
* line breaks, preventing: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
(line 6)
* lines in tables: tabular. (line 6)
-* lining numerals: Font styles. (line 82)
+* lining numerals: Font styles. (line 88)
* lining text up in tables: tabular. (line 6)
* lining text up using tab stops: tabbing. (line 6)
* list items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 6)
+* list of figures file: Output files. (line 43)
+* list of tables file: Output files. (line 43)
* lists of items: itemize. (line 6)
* lists of items, generic: list. (line 6)
* lists of items, numbered: enumerate. (line 6)
* loading additional packages: Document class options.
- (line 69)
-* log file: Overview. (line 41)
+ (line 75)
+* log file: Output files. (line 28)
* logo, LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 21)
-* logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 58)
-* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 49)
+* logo, LaTeX2e: Text symbols. (line 24)
+* logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 61)
+* low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 52)
* low-level font commands: Low-level font commands.
(line 6)
-* lR mode: Modes. (line 6)
-* LuaTeX: Overview. (line 32)
+* LR mode: Modes. (line 6)
+* 'ltugboat' class: tugboat template. (line 6)
+* LuaTeX: TeX engines. (line 29)
+* macro package, LaTeX as: Overview. (line 11)
* macron accent: Accents. (line 29)
* macron accent, math: Math accents. (line 14)
* Madsen, Lars: eqnarray. (line 6)
@@ -6238,7 +6459,7 @@ Concept Index
* making a title page: titlepage. (line 6)
* making paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 6)
* marginal notes: Marginal notes. (line 6)
-* masculine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 132)
+* masculine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 135)
* math accents: Math accents. (line 6)
* math formulas: Math formulas. (line 6)
* math functions: Math functions. (line 6)
@@ -6248,12 +6469,13 @@ Concept Index
* math mode, spacing: Spacing in math mode.
(line 6)
* math symbols: Math symbols. (line 6)
-* math, bold: Font styles. (line 78)
+* math, bold: Font styles. (line 84)
* minipage, creating a: minipage. (line 6)
* modes: Modes. (line 6)
-* monospace font: Font styles. (line 122)
+* monospace font: Font styles. (line 128)
* moving arguments: \protect. (line 6)
* multicolumn text: \twocolumn. (line 6)
+* multilingual support: Accents. (line 6)
* 'multind' package: Indexes. (line 39)
* multiplication symbol, discretionary line break: Math miscellany.
(line 7)
@@ -6270,26 +6492,27 @@ Concept Index
* notes in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 6)
* null delimiter: Math miscellany. (line 21)
* numbered items, specifying counter: \usecounter. (line 6)
-* numerals, old-style: Font styles. (line 82)
-* oblique font: Font styles. (line 119)
+* numerals, old-style: Font styles. (line 88)
+* oblique font: Font styles. (line 125)
* oe ligature: Non-English characters.
(line 43)
* ogonek: Accents. (line 69)
-* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 82)
+* old-style numerals: Font styles. (line 88)
* one-column output: \onecolumn. (line 6)
-* opening quote: Text symbols. (line 37)
+* opening quote: Text symbols. (line 40)
+* OpenType fonts: TeX engines. (line 6)
* options, document class: Document class options.
(line 6)
* options, global: Document class options.
- (line 76)
-* ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 132)
+ (line 83)
+* ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 135)
* oslash: Non-English characters.
(line 39)
* overbar accent: Accents. (line 29)
* overdot accent, math: Math accents. (line 26)
-* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 8)
-* packages, loading: Document class options.
- (line 69)
+* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 6)
+* packages, loading additional: Document class options.
+ (line 75)
* page break, forcing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
(line 6)
* page break, preventing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
@@ -6304,27 +6527,32 @@ Concept Index
* paragraph indentations in quoted text: quotation. (line 6)
* paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting: quote. (line 6)
* paragraph mode: Modes. (line 6)
-* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 41)
+* paragraph symbol: Text symbols. (line 44)
* paragraphs: Making paragraphs. (line 6)
* parameters, for footnotes: Footnote parameters. (line 6)
* parameters, page layout: Page layout parameters.
(line 6)
-* pdfTeX: Overview. (line 26)
-* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 135)
+* pdfTeX: Output files. (line 20)
+* pdfTeX engine: TeX engines. (line 12)
+* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 138)
+* 'pict2e' package: \line. (line 13)
* pictures, creating: picture. (line 6)
-* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 41)
+* pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 44)
* placement of floats: figure. (line 19)
* poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 6)
* polish l: Non-English characters.
(line 31)
+* portrait orientation: Document class options.
+ (line 35)
* postscript, in letters: \ps. (line 6)
-* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 45)
-* preamble, defined: Starting & ending. (line 17)
+* pounds symbol: Text symbols. (line 48)
+* preamble, defined: Starting and ending. (line 19)
* predefined lengths: Predefined lengths. (line 6)
-* prompt, '*': Command line. (line 15)
-* questionation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 138)
-* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 27)
-* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 154)
+* prompt, '*': Command line. (line 18)
+* pronunciation: Overview. (line 24)
+* question mark, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 141)
+* quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 30)
+* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 157)
* quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation.
(line 6)
* quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying: quote.
@@ -6335,30 +6563,33 @@ Concept Index
* ragged right text, environment for: flushleft. (line 6)
* redefining environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
(line 6)
-* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 157)
+* references, resolving forward: Output files. (line 33)
+* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 160)
* remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 6)
-* reporting bugs: About this document. (line 13)
+* reporting bugs: About this document. (line 6)
* reserved characters: Reserved characters. (line 6)
-* right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 27)
-* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 160)
-* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 85)
-* right quote: Text symbols. (line 52)
-* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 144)
-* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 150)
+* right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 30)
+* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 163)
+* right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 88)
+* right quote: Text symbols. (line 55)
+* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 147)
+* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 153)
+* right-hand equation numbers: Document class options.
+ (line 38)
* right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 6)
* right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 6)
* ring accent: Accents. (line 74)
* ring accent, math: Math accents. (line 41)
* robust commands: \protect. (line 16)
-* roman font: Font styles. (line 110)
+* roman font: Font styles. (line 116)
* running header and footer: Page layout parameters.
(line 6)
* running header and footer style: \pagestyle. (line 6)
-* sans serif font: Font styles. (line 116)
-* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 101)
+* sans serif font: Font styles. (line 122)
+* script letters for math: Font styles. (line 107)
* section number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 6)
* section numbers, printing: Sectioning. (line 47)
-* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 55)
+* section symbol: Text symbols. (line 58)
* sectioning: Sectioning. (line 6)
* 'setspace' package: Low-level font commands.
(line 52)
@@ -6367,30 +6598,32 @@ Concept Index
(line 47)
* 'showidx' package: Indexes. (line 35)
* simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 6)
-* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 27)
-* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 27)
-* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 147)
-* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 49)
-* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 150)
+* single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 30)
+* single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 30)
+* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 150)
+* single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 52)
+* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 153)
* sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 6)
-* slanted font: Font styles. (line 119)
-* small caps font: Font styles. (line 113)
+* slanted font: Font styles. (line 125)
+* small caps font: Font styles. (line 119)
* space, inserting vertical: \addvspace. (line 6)
* spaces: Spaces. (line 6)
* spacing within math mode: Spacing in math mode.
(line 6)
-* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 132)
+* Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine: Text symbols. (line 135)
* special characters: Non-English characters.
(line 6)
* specifier, float placement: figure. (line 19)
* splitting the input file: Splitting the input. (line 6)
-* starting & ending: Starting & ending. (line 6)
+* starting & ending: Starting and ending. (line 6)
* starting a new page: \newpage. (line 6)
* starting a new page and clearing floats: \clearpage. (line 6)
* starting on a right-hand page: \cleardoublepage. (line 6)
-* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 45)
-* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 154)
-* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 154)
+* sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 48)
+* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 157)
+* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 157)
+* stretch, infinite horizontal: \hfill. (line 6)
+* stretch, infinite vertical: \vfill. (line 6)
* stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 6)
* styles of text: Font styles. (line 6)
* styles, page: Page styles. (line 6)
@@ -6401,55 +6634,63 @@ Concept Index
* symbols, math: Math symbols. (line 6)
* tab stops, using: tabbing. (line 6)
* table of contents entry, manually adding: \addcontentsline. (line 6)
+* table of contents file: Output files. (line 43)
* table of contents, creating: Tables of contents. (line 6)
* tables, creating: table. (line 6)
* terminal input/output: Terminal input/output.
(line 6)
-* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 58)
+* TeX logo: Text symbols. (line 61)
* text symbols: Text symbols. (line 6)
-* 'textcomp' package: Font styles. (line 82)
+* 'textcomp' package: Font styles. (line 88)
* thanks, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 22)
* theorems, defining: \newtheorem. (line 6)
* theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 6)
* thorn, Icelandic letter: Non-English characters.
(line 51)
-* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 163)
+* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 166)
* tie-after accent: Accents. (line 80)
* tilde accent: Accents. (line 43)
* tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 44)
-* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 64)
+* tilde, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 67)
+* title page, separate or run-in: Document class options.
+ (line 46)
* title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 6)
* title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 26)
* titles, making: \maketitle. (line 6)
-* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 166)
-* transcript file: Overview. (line 41)
+* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 169)
+* transcript file: Output files. (line 28)
+* TrueType fonts: TeX engines. (line 6)
+* TUGboat template: tugboat template. (line 6)
* two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 6)
-* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 169)
+* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 172)
* typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 6)
* typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 6)
* typeface styles: Font styles. (line 6)
* typefaces: Fonts. (line 6)
-* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 122)
+* typewriter font: Font styles. (line 128)
* typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 18)
* umlaut accent: Accents. (line 16)
* underbar: Accents. (line 88)
-* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 172)
+* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 175)
+* Unicode input, native: TeX engines. (line 6)
+* unofficial nature of this manual: About this document. (line 17)
* unordered lists: itemize. (line 6)
* using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 6)
+* UTF-8: TeX engines. (line 6)
* variables, a list of: Counters. (line 6)
* vector symbol, math: Math accents. (line 47)
* verbatim text: verbatim. (line 6)
* verbatim text, inline: \verb. (line 6)
-* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 76)
-* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 73)
+* vertical bar, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 79)
+* vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 76)
* vertical space: \addvspace. (line 6)
* vertical space before paragraphs: \parskip. (line 6)
* visible space: \verb. (line 17)
-* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 175)
+* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 178)
* wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 50)
* wide tile accent, math: Math accents. (line 53)
* writing external files: filecontents. (line 6)
-* XeTeX: Overview. (line 35)
+* XeTeX: TeX engines. (line 38)
* 'xindy' program: Indexes. (line 23)

@@ -6462,20 +6703,29 @@ Command Index
* Menu:
* $: Math formulas. (line 24)
-* .aux file: Overview. (line 45)
-* .dvi file: Overview. (line 18)
-* .log file: Overview. (line 41)
-* .pdf file: Overview. (line 26)
-* .toc file: Tables of contents. (line 6)
+* --help command-line option: Command line. (line 14)
+* .aux file: Output files. (line 33)
+* .dvi file: Output files. (line 10)
+* .lof file: Output files. (line 43)
+* .lof file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 16)
+* .log file: Output files. (line 28)
+* .lot file: Output files. (line 43)
+* .lot file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 16)
+* .pdf file: Output files. (line 20)
+* .tex, default extension: Command line. (line 6)
+* .toc file: Output files. (line 43)
+* .toc file <1>: Tables of contents. (line 6)
* 10pt option: Document class options.
(line 14)
* 11pt option: Document class options.
(line 14)
* 12pt option: Document class options.
(line 14)
-* @{...}: array. (line 29)
-* [...] for optional arguments: Overview. (line 51)
-* \ character starting commands: Overview. (line 51)
+* @{...}: array. (line 30)
+* [...] for optional arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
+ (line 6)
+* \ character starting commands: LaTeX command syntax.
+ (line 6)
* \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 16)
* \#: Reserved characters. (line 11)
* \$: Reserved characters. (line 11)
@@ -6504,7 +6754,7 @@ Command Index
* \> <1>: Spacing in math mode.
(line 15)
* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 30)
-* \@: \AT. (line 6)
+* \@: \@. (line 6)
* \@fnsymbol: Symbolic footnotes. (line 11)
* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 60)
* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 61)
@@ -6543,7 +6793,7 @@ Command Index
* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 12)
* \arctan: Math functions. (line 15)
* \arg: Math functions. (line 18)
-* \arraycolsep: array. (line 41)
+* \arraycolsep: array. (line 42)
* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 100)
* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 104)
* \ast: Math symbols. (line 29)
@@ -6560,8 +6810,8 @@ Command Index
(line 52)
* \begin: Environments. (line 6)
* \beta: Math symbols. (line 38)
-* \bf: Font styles. (line 97)
-* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 36)
+* \bf: Font styles. (line 103)
+* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 42)
* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 6)
* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 6)
* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 6)
@@ -6573,9 +6823,9 @@ Command Index
* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 53)
* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 56)
* \bigskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 9)
+ (line 10)
* \bigskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 9)
+ (line 10)
* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 65)
* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 59)
* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 62)
@@ -6585,13 +6835,12 @@ Command Index
* \boldmath: Math formulas. (line 29)
* \bot: Math symbols. (line 77)
* \bottomfraction: figure. (line 67)
-* \bottomnumber: figure. (line 100)
* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 80)
* \Box: Math symbols. (line 83)
* \breve: Math accents. (line 16)
* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 86)
* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 50)
-* \cal: Font styles. (line 100)
+* \cal: Font styles. (line 106)
* \cap: Math symbols. (line 89)
* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 20)
* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 85)
@@ -6657,9 +6906,9 @@ Command Index
* \delta: Math symbols. (line 125)
* \depth: Predefined lengths. (line 10)
* \det: Math functions. (line 42)
-* \dh (ae): Non-English characters.
+* \dh (d): Non-English characters.
(line 19)
-* \DH (AE): Non-English characters.
+* \DH (D): Non-English characters.
(line 19)
* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 128)
* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 131)
@@ -6676,13 +6925,13 @@ Command Index
* \dot: Math accents. (line 25)
* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 140)
* \dotfill: \dotfill. (line 6)
-* \dots: Text symbols. (line 31)
+* \dots: Text symbols. (line 34)
* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 108)
* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 143)
* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 146)
* \ell: Math symbols. (line 149)
-* \em: Font styles. (line 103)
-* \emph: Font styles. (line 30)
+* \em: Font styles. (line 109)
+* \emph: Font styles. (line 36)
* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 152)
* \encl: \encl. (line 6)
* \end: Environments. (line 6)
@@ -6695,7 +6944,7 @@ Command Index
* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 158)
* \eta: Math symbols. (line 161)
* \evensidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 50)
+ (line 57)
* \exists: Math symbols. (line 164)
* \exp: Math functions. (line 48)
* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 71)
@@ -6748,10 +6997,10 @@ Command Index
* \glossary: Glossaries. (line 8)
* \glossaryentry: Glossaries. (line 11)
* \grave: Math accents. (line 28)
-* \guillemotleft (<<): Text symbols. (line 23)
-* \guillemotright (>>): Text symbols. (line 24)
-* \guilsinglleft (<): Text symbols. (line 25)
-* \guilsinglright (>): Text symbols. (line 26)
+* \guillemotleft (<<): Text symbols. (line 26)
+* \guillemotright (>>): Text symbols. (line 27)
+* \guilsinglleft (<): Text symbols. (line 28)
+* \guilsinglright (>): Text symbols. (line 29)
* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 58)
* \hat: Math accents. (line 31)
* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 194)
@@ -6793,13 +7042,13 @@ Command Index
* \int: Math symbols. (line 218)
* \intextsep: figure. (line 89)
* \iota: Math symbols. (line 221)
-* \it: Font styles. (line 106)
+* \it: Font styles. (line 112)
* \item: description. (line 14)
* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 19)
* \item <2>: itemize. (line 6)
* \itemindent: itemize. (line 49)
* \itemsep: itemize. (line 71)
-* \itshape: Font styles. (line 27)
+* \itshape: Font styles. (line 33)
* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 65)
* \jmath: Math accents. (line 37)
* \Join: Math symbols. (line 224)
@@ -6830,10 +7079,11 @@ Command Index
* \Large: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 20)
+* \LaTeXe: Text symbols. (line 23)
* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 242)
* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 245)
* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 248)
-* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 30)
+* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 33)
* \le: Math symbols. (line 251)
* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 254)
* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math miscellany. (line 20)
@@ -6879,9 +7129,9 @@ Command Index
* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 295)
* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 298)
* \lor: Math symbols. (line 301)
-* \lq: Text symbols. (line 36)
+* \lq: Text symbols. (line 39)
* \makebox: \makebox. (line 6)
-* \makebox (picture): \makebox (picture). (line 6)
+* \makebox (for 'picture'): \makebox (picture). (line 6)
* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 6)
* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 6)
* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 6)
@@ -6893,21 +7143,22 @@ Command Index
* \marginparwidth: Marginal notes. (line 41)
* \markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 29)
* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 36)
-* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 60)
-* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 76)
-* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 73)
+* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 66)
+* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 82)
+* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 79)
* \mathring: Math accents. (line 40)
-* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 57)
-* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 63)
-* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 66)
-* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 78)
+* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 63)
+* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 69)
+* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 72)
+* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 84)
* \max: Math functions. (line 81)
* \mbox: \mbox. (line 6)
-* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 33)
+* \mbox, and LR mode: Modes. (line 24)
+* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 39)
* \medskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 13)
+ (line 15)
* \medskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 13)
+ (line 15)
* \mho: Math symbols. (line 307)
* \mid: Math symbols. (line 309)
* \min: Math functions. (line 84)
@@ -6943,14 +7194,16 @@ Command Index
(line 35)
* \ni: Math symbols. (line 339)
* \nocite: \nocite. (line 6)
-* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 20)
+* \nocorr: Font styles. (line 21)
+* \nocorrlist: Font styles. (line 21)
+* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 21)
* \noindent: \noindent. (line 6)
* \nolinebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
(line 6)
* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 29)
* \nopagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
(line 6)
-* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 54)
+* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 60)
* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 21)
* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \not: Math symbols. (line 342)
@@ -6964,14 +7217,14 @@ Command Index
* \obeycr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
(line 6)
* \oddsidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 50)
+ (line 57)
* \odot: Math symbols. (line 354)
* \oe (oe): Non-English characters.
(line 43)
* \OE (OE): Non-English characters.
(line 43)
* \oint: Math symbols. (line 357)
-* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 82)
+* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 88)
* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 360)
* \omega: Math symbols. (line 363)
* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 366)
@@ -6984,7 +7237,7 @@ Command Index
* \overbrace{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 25)
* \overline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 29)
* \owns: Math symbols. (line 378)
-* \P: Text symbols. (line 39)
+* \P: Text symbols. (line 42)
* \pagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
(line 6)
* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 6)
@@ -7009,7 +7262,7 @@ Command Index
* \pmod: Math functions. (line 87)
* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 71)
* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 72)
-* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 43)
+* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 46)
* \Pr: Math functions. (line 90)
* \prec: Math symbols. (line 402)
* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 405)
@@ -7022,8 +7275,8 @@ Command Index
* \psi: Math symbols. (line 420)
* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 74)
* \put: \put. (line 6)
-* \quotedblbase (,,): Text symbols. (line 47)
-* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 48)
+* \quotedblbase (,,): Text symbols. (line 50)
+* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 51)
* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 74)
* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 6)
* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 6)
@@ -7051,20 +7304,20 @@ Command Index
* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 456)
* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 459)
* \rightmargin: itemize. (line 62)
-* \rm: Font styles. (line 109)
-* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 24)
+* \rm: Font styles. (line 115)
+* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 30)
* \roman: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
(line 18)
-* \roman <1>: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
+* \Roman: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
(line 21)
-* \rq: Text symbols. (line 51)
+* \rq: Text symbols. (line 54)
* \rule: \rule. (line 6)
-* \S: Text symbols. (line 54)
+* \S: Text symbols. (line 57)
* \savebox: \savebox. (line 6)
* \sbox: \sbox. (line 6)
-* \sc: Font styles. (line 112)
+* \sc: Font styles. (line 118)
* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 11)
-* \scshape: Font styles. (line 48)
+* \scshape: Font styles. (line 54)
* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 462)
* \sec: Math functions. (line 93)
* \section: Sectioning. (line 11)
@@ -7077,8 +7330,8 @@ Command Index
* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 6)
* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 6)
* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 6)
-* \sf: Font styles. (line 115)
-* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 45)
+* \sf: Font styles. (line 121)
+* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 51)
* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 468)
* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 6)
* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 471)
@@ -7088,14 +7341,14 @@ Command Index
* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 480)
* \sin: Math functions. (line 96)
* \sinh: Math functions. (line 99)
-* \sl: Font styles. (line 118)
-* \slshape: Font styles. (line 42)
+* \sl: Font styles. (line 124)
+* \slshape: Font styles. (line 48)
* \small: Font sizes. (line 11)
* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 483)
* \smallskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 17)
+ (line 20)
* \smallskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 17)
+ (line 20)
* \smile: Math symbols. (line 486)
* \SPACE: \SPACE. (line 6)
* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 489)
@@ -7114,7 +7367,7 @@ Command Index
* \star: Math symbols. (line 510)
* \startbreaks: \startbreaks. (line 6)
* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 6)
-* \stop: Command line. (line 15)
+* \stop: Command line. (line 18)
* \stopbreaks: \stopbreaks. (line 6)
* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 15)
* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 12)
@@ -7139,66 +7392,66 @@ Command Index
* \tanh: Math functions. (line 108)
* \tau: Math symbols. (line 540)
* \telephone: \telephone. (line 6)
-* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 57)
-* \textascenderwordmark: Text symbols. (line 95)
-* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 60)
-* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 63)
-* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 66)
-* \textbackslash: Text symbols. (line 69)
-* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 72)
-* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 75)
-* \textbf: Font styles. (line 36)
-* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 78)
-* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 81)
-* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 84)
-* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 87)
-* \textcapitalwordmark: Text symbols. (line 94)
-* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 90)
-* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 93)
+* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 60)
+* \textascenderwordmark: Text symbols. (line 98)
+* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 63)
+* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 66)
+* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 69)
+* \textbackslash: Text symbols. (line 72)
+* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 75)
+* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 78)
+* \textbf: Font styles. (line 42)
+* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 81)
+* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 84)
+* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 87)
+* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 90)
+* \textcapitalwordmark: Text symbols. (line 97)
+* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 93)
+* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 96)
* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 11)
-* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 100)
-* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 103)
-* \textdollar (or '$'): Text symbols. (line 106)
-* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 32)
-* \textemdash (or '---'): Text symbols. (line 109)
-* \textendash (or '--'): Text symbols. (line 112)
-* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 115)
-* \textexclamdown (or '!`'): Text symbols. (line 118)
+* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 103)
+* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 106)
+* \textdollar (or '$'): Text symbols. (line 109)
+* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 35)
+* \textemdash (or '---'): Text symbols. (line 112)
+* \textendash (or '--'): Text symbols. (line 115)
+* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 118)
+* \textexclamdown (or '!`'): Text symbols. (line 121)
* \textfloatsep: figure. (line 94)
* \textfraction: figure. (line 74)
-* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 121)
+* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 124)
* \textheight: Page layout parameters.
(line 29)
-* \textit: Font styles. (line 27)
-* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 127)
-* \textless: Text symbols. (line 124)
-* \textmd: Font styles. (line 33)
-* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 54)
-* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 130)
-* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 131)
-* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 40)
-* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 134)
-* \textquestiondown (or '?`'): Text symbols. (line 137)
-* \textquotedblleft (or '``'): Text symbols. (line 140)
-* \textquotedblright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 143)
-* \textquoteleft (or '`'): Text symbols. (line 146)
-* \textquoteright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 149)
-* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 152)
-* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 153)
-* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 156)
-* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 159)
-* \textrm: Font styles. (line 24)
-* \textsc: Font styles. (line 48)
-* \textsf: Font styles. (line 45)
-* \textsl: Font styles. (line 42)
-* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 44)
-* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 162)
-* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 165)
-* \texttt: Font styles. (line 51)
-* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 168)
-* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 171)
-* \textup: Font styles. (line 39)
-* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 174)
+* \textit: Font styles. (line 33)
+* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 130)
+* \textless: Text symbols. (line 127)
+* \textmd: Font styles. (line 39)
+* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 60)
+* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 133)
+* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 134)
+* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 43)
+* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 137)
+* \textquestiondown (or '?`'): Text symbols. (line 140)
+* \textquotedblleft (or '``'): Text symbols. (line 143)
+* \textquotedblright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 146)
+* \textquoteleft (or '`'): Text symbols. (line 149)
+* \textquoteright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 152)
+* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 155)
+* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 156)
+* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 159)
+* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 162)
+* \textrm: Font styles. (line 30)
+* \textsc: Font styles. (line 54)
+* \textsf: Font styles. (line 51)
+* \textsl: Font styles. (line 48)
+* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 47)
+* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 165)
+* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 168)
+* \texttt: Font styles. (line 57)
+* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 171)
+* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 174)
+* \textup: Font styles. (line 45)
+* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 177)
* \textwidth: Page layout parameters.
(line 36)
* \th (th): Non-English characters.
@@ -7221,17 +7474,15 @@ Command Index
* \topfraction: figure. (line 79)
* \topmargin: Page layout parameters.
(line 60)
-* \topnumber: figure. (line 104)
* \topsep: itemize. (line 80)
* \topskip: Page layout parameters.
(line 67)
* \totalheight: Predefined lengths. (line 12)
-* \totalnumber: figure. (line 108)
* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 555)
* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 558)
* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 561)
-* \tt: Font styles. (line 121)
-* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 51)
+* \tt: Font styles. (line 127)
+* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 57)
* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 6)
* \typein: \typein. (line 6)
* \typeout: \typeout. (line 6)
@@ -7248,7 +7499,7 @@ Command Index
* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 576)
* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 579)
* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 582)
-* \upshape: Font styles. (line 39)
+* \upshape: Font styles. (line 45)
* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 585)
* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 588)
* \usebox: \usebox. (line 6)
@@ -7256,7 +7507,7 @@ Command Index
* \usefont: Low-level font commands.
(line 69)
* \usepackage: Document class options.
- (line 69)
+ (line 75)
* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 95)
* \value: \value. (line 6)
* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 591)
@@ -7288,7 +7539,7 @@ Command Index
* \year: \day \month \year. (line 6)
* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 636)
* \[: Math formulas. (line 16)
-* \\ (for 'array'): array. (line 26)
+* \\ (for 'array'): array. (line 27)
* \\ (for 'center'): center. (line 13)
* \\ (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 21)
* \\ (for 'flushright'): flushright. (line 12)
@@ -7317,80 +7568,94 @@ Command Index
(line 6)
* _: Subscripts & superscripts.
(line 6)
-* {...} for required arguments: Overview. (line 51)
+* {...} for required arguments: LaTeX command syntax.
+ (line 6)
* a4paper option: Document class options.
(line 19)
* a5paper option: Document class options.
(line 19)
* abstract environment: abstract. (line 6)
* array environment: array. (line 6)
-* article class: Document classes. (line 13)
+* article class: Document classes. (line 11)
* b5paper option: Document class options.
(line 19)
-* book class: Document classes. (line 13)
+* book class: Document classes. (line 11)
+* bottomnumber: figure. (line 100)
* center environment: center. (line 6)
+* clock option to 'slides' class: Document class options.
+ (line 72)
+* dbltopnumber: figure. (line 104)
* description environment: description. (line 6)
* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 6)
* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 6)
* document environment: document. (line 6)
* draft option: Document class options.
(line 24)
+* dvipdfmx command: Output files. (line 10)
+* dvips command: Output files. (line 10)
+* dvitype command: Output files. (line 10)
* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 6)
* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 6)
* equation environment: equation. (line 6)
* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 6)
+* etex command: TeX engines. (line 12)
* executivepaper option: Document class options.
(line 19)
* figure: figure. (line 6)
* filecontents: filecontents. (line 6)
* final option: Document class options.
(line 24)
+* first-latex-doc document: About this document. (line 33)
* fleqn option: Document class options.
(line 24)
* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 6)
* flushright environment: flushright. (line 6)
+* <http://home.gna.org/latexrefman> home page: About this document.
+ (line 6)
* indexspace: Indexes. (line 32)
* itemize environment: itemize. (line 6)
* landscape option: Document class options.
(line 24)
-* latex command: Overview. (line 18)
+* latex command: Output files. (line 10)
+* latex-doc-ptr document: About this document. (line 30)
* <latexrefman-discuss@gna.org> email address: About this document.
- (line 13)
+ (line 17)
* legalpaper option: Document class options.
(line 19)
* leqno option: Document class options.
(line 24)
* letter: letter. (line 6)
-* letter class: Document classes. (line 13)
+* letter class: Document classes. (line 11)
* letterpaper option: Document class options.
(line 19)
* list: list. (line 6)
* lR box: picture. (line 66)
* lrbox: lrbox. (line 6)
-* lualatex command: Overview. (line 32)
+* lshort document: About this document. (line 40)
+* lualatex command: TeX engines. (line 29)
* math environment: math. (line 6)
* math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 6)
* minipage environment: minipage. (line 6)
* notitlepage option: Document class options.
(line 24)
* onecolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 44)
+ (line 51)
* oneside option: Document class options.
- (line 44)
+ (line 51)
* openany option: Document class options.
- (line 44)
+ (line 51)
* openbib option: Document class options.
(line 24)
* openright option: Document class options.
- (line 44)
-* pdflatex command: Overview. (line 26)
+ (line 51)
+* pdflatex command: Output files. (line 20)
* picture: picture. (line 6)
* printindex: Indexes. (line 28)
* quotation: quotation. (line 6)
* quote: quote. (line 6)
-* report class: Document classes. (line 13)
+* report class: Document classes. (line 11)
* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 47)
-* slides class: Document classes. (line 13)
+* slides class: Document classes. (line 11)
* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 6)
* table: table. (line 6)
* tabular environment: tabular. (line 6)
@@ -7400,222 +7665,231 @@ Command Index
* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 6)
* titlepage option: Document class options.
(line 24)
+* topnumber: figure. (line 108)
+* totalnumber: figure. (line 112)
* twocolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 44)
+ (line 51)
* twoside option: Document class options.
- (line 44)
+ (line 51)
+* usrguide official documentation: About this document. (line 36)
* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 6)
* verse environment: verse. (line 6)
-* xelatex command: Overview. (line 35)
+* xdvi command: Output files. (line 10)
+* xelatex command: TeX engines. (line 38)

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End Tag Table