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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2006-01-09 00:44:09 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2006-01-09 00:44:09 +0000
commitdec3d98ebe442d7ea93efbaa8dd2e2be8149a467 (patch)
tree64b660a18f1b3b95331a3c0ac2ba45c395e0bd88 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel
parentf9ba1f4431124f48769a2666d5d9ec921345ca71 (diff)
doc 3
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@79 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
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-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/00readme.heb605
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/00readme.txt77
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/GreekFonts.txt28
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/announce.txt39
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/babel.pdfbin0 -> 1824392 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bugs.txt81
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/changes.txt2563
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/esbst.tex103
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/fixes.txt4
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/howtoget.txt33
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.OzTeX-485
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.OzTeX-pre4123
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.txt157
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/language.dat12
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/language.skeleton221
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/romanidx.tex216
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.tex961
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1401.tex266
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1604.tex448
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/todo.txt37
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/usage.tex243
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+% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the Babel system.
+% --------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%
+% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
+% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
+% information.
+%
+% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+% \fi
+ Hebrew Package for babel system and LaTeX2e
+
+This new support package for Hebrew language is based on the old LaTeX 2.09
+hebrew.sty and is backward compatible with it. A new babel-based language
+switching interface is also supported.
+
+Bi-directional support uses TeX--XeT or newer e-TeX engine.
+
+The package is available on-line at http://www.dsg.technion.ac.il/heblatex/
+or at ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/. It consists of:
+
+ 1. Hebrew package for babel/LaTeX 2e: heblatex.tar.gz or heblatex.zip.
+ 2. Hebrew fonts (available also on CTAN or ftp.cc.huji.ac.il):
+ hebfonts.tar.gz or hebfonts.zip.
+ 3. Examples of hebrew documents: hebexmpl.tar.gz or hebexmpl.zip.
+ 4. This README.html file, available also in plain text format as
+ README.txt.
+
+The babel/LaTeX 2e edition of the hebrew package, as well as documentation
+(including this README file) was developed and will be supported by Boris
+Lavva, lavva@tx.technion.ac.il. Please direct your additions, modifications,
+bug fixes and comments to this address.
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Table of contents
+
+ Acknowledgement
+ Copyright
+ Installation
+ Hebrew package usage
+ Input code pages
+ Font encodings
+ Bi-directional sectioning commands
+ Table of contents, List of figures, List of tables
+ Hebrew calendar
+ Document class for preparing Hebrew/English or English/Hebrew thesis
+ Compatibility with LaTeX 2.09 style
+ Future work
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Acknowledgment
+
+The following people have contributed to Hebrew package in one way or
+another, knowingly or unknowingly. In alphabetical order:
+Irina Abramovici, Yaniv Bargury, Yael Dubinsky, Sergio Fogel, Dan Haran,
+Rama Porrat, Michail Rozman, Alon Ziv.
+
+Johannes Braams is the author of babel - a multilingual support for LaTeX.
+
+Tatiana Samoilov and Vitaly Surazhsky found a number of serious bugs in
+preliminary version of Hebrew package.
+
+A number of other people have contributed comments and information. Specific
+contributions are acknowledged within the documentation.
+
+I want to thank my wife, Vita, and son, Mishka, for their infinite love and
+patience.
+
+If you made a contribution and I haven't mentioned it, don't worry, it was
+an accident. I'm sorry. Just tell me and I will add you to the next version.
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Copyright
+
+The copyright similar to other LaTeX 2e packages is added to prevent
+inconsistency in version numbers and wide-spread distribution of unsupported
+macro files (which was common with the old distributions).
+
+Changes, bug fixes and additions are always welcome, but they should be or
+distributed under other name, or incorporated in this package (by mailing
+me).
+
+ --------------------------------------------------
+
+ Copyright 1997-1998 Boris Lavva and any individual authors listed
+ elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+
+ For further copyright information, and conditions for modification and
+ distribution, see any other copyright notices in this file.
+
+ This file is contributed to the Babel system, release 3.6.
+
+ --------------------------------------------------
+ This system is distributed in the hope that
+ it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
+ warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+ For error reports concerning UNCHANGED versions of this file no more
+ than one year old, see bugs.txt.
+
+ Please do not request updates from me directly. Primary distribution
+ will be through the CTAN archives.
+
+ IMPORTANT COPYRIGHT NOTICE:
+
+ You are NOT ALLOWED to distribute this file alone.
+
+ You are allowed to distribute this file under the condition that it
+ is distributed together with all the files listed in manifest.txt.
+
+ If you receive only some of these files from someone, complain!
+
+ Permission is granted to customize the declarations in this file to
+ serve the needs of your installation, provided that you comply with the
+ conditions in the file legal.txt.
+
+ However, NO PERMISSION is granted to distribute a modified version of
+ this file under its original name.
+
+ MODIFICATION ADVICE:
+ If you want to customize this file, it is best to make a copy of the
+ source file(s) from which it was produced. Use a different name for your
+ copy(ies) and modify the copy(ies); this will ensure that your modifications
+ do not get overwritten when you install a new release of the standard system.
+
+ You can then easily distribute your modifications by distributing the
+ modified and renamed copy of the source file, together with a suitable
+ .ins file, taking care to observe the conditions in legal.txt; this will
+ ensure that other users can safely use your modifications.
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Installation
+
+ 1. Full LaTeX 2e distribution should be installed, including TeX--XeT or
+ e-TeX. Known such distributions include:
+ o teTeX 0.9 for UNIX with e-TeX
+ (ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-hannover.de/home/te/private/.0.9/)
+ o NTeX for UNIX with TeX--XeT
+ (http://darfnix.mathematik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/tex/ntex/)
+ o Web2C for Windows 95 and NT (see at CTAN:systems/win32, for
+ example, ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/systems/win32/)
+ o TeX Live CD-ROMs distributed by TeX Users Group (TUG), see details
+ at http://www.tug.org.
+ 2. If e-TeX is installed, check if its format is available in extended
+ mode, by running elatex or latex on some .tex file:
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ This is e-TeX, Version 3.14159-1.1 (Web2c 7.0)
+ entering extended mode
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ The second line should be "entering extended mode".
+ 3. If TeX--XeT is installed, it will use a LaTeX 2e format file, called
+ laxet.fmt from the formats directory. This directory is commonly
+ located at texmf/web2c or texmf/web2c/ini subdirectories. To produce
+ format file, run initexxet program on the following laxet.ini file:
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ % Prevent dumping of LaTeX2e
+ \let\xxdump=\dump
+ \let\dump=\endinput
+ % LaTeX2e format
+ \input latex.ltx
+ % Read latex2e.add
+ \openin1=latex2e.add
+ \ifeof1\closein1\message{latex2e.add not found}
+ \else\closein1\input latex2e.add
+ \fi
+ % dump
+ \let\dump=\xxdump
+ \let\xxdump=\undefined
+ \dump
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ Put the resulting file laxet.fmt to the formats directory and link (or
+ copy) the virtexxet program as laxet.
+ 4. Download the babel sources from the CTAN sites, directory
+ macros/latex/packages/babel. This version of Hebrew package is tested
+ with babel version 3.6.
+ 5. Apply the following changes to the standard babel sources:
+ o babel.dtx -- after the line 916 (greek) add:
+ \DeclareOption{hebrew}{\input{rlbabel.def}\input{hebrew.ldf}}
+ o bbcompat.dtx -- after the line 134 (welsh) add:
+ %<+hebrew>\input rlbabel.def\input hebrew.ldf\relax
+ o babel.ins -- after the line 346 (bahasa) add:
+ \generate{\compatfile{hebrew}}
+ 6. Download the hebrew package, fonts and examples from the above
+ mentioned place.
+ 7. Open heblatex to the babel sources directory.
+ 8. Run latex babel.ins and then latex hebrew.ins.
+ 9. Move all *.cls, *.sty, *.def, *.fd, *.ldf to the babel directory
+ searchable by TeX (run MakeTeXls-R or similar program). Usually, babel
+ is located at TEXROOT/share/texmf/tex/latex/packages/babel or
+ TEXROOT/share/texmf/tex/generic/babel.
+ 10. Install hebrew fonts from hebfonts as following:
+ o Find your public font sources directory, it is usually:
+ TEXROOT/share/texmf/fonts/source/public.
+ o Unpack hebfonts file into the abovenamed public directory. It will
+ create a new directory called hebrew inside public.
+ o Find your special.map file - it is usually found at
+ TEXROOT/share/texmf/fontname/special.map and add the following
+ lines at the end of this file:
+ @c Hebrew fonts
+ jerus10 public hebrew
+ deads10 public hebrew
+ oldjaf10 public hebrew
+ telav10 public hebrew
+ crml10 public hebrew
+ crmlsl10 public hebrew
+ fr public hebrew
+ frbx public hebrew
+ frsl public hebrew
+ hclassic public hebrew
+ hcaption public hebrew
+ redis7 public hebrew
+ redis8 public hebrew
+ redis9 public hebrew
+ redis10 public hebrew
+ redis12 public hebrew
+ redis17 public hebrew
+ redisb10 public hebrew
+ rediss8 public hebrew
+ rediss9 public hebrew
+ rediss10 public hebrew
+ rediss12 public hebrew
+ shold10 public hebrew
+ shscr10 public hebrew
+ shstk10 public hebrew
+ o Run REHASH from texconfig utility or program MakeTeXls-R or newer
+ mktexlsr (if available) to build a new ls-R database in
+ TEXROOT/share/texmf directory. You can add inserted file names
+ manually to ls-R if you cannot find abovenamed programs.
+ o Note that only 7-bit (old code) fonts are used by new Hebrew
+ package.
+ 11. You can check if your installation succeed by LaTeXing examples from
+ hebexmpl file.
+
+Finally, you can prepare the LaTeX documentation of all components of the
+new Hebrew package by running:
+
+ ------------------------------------
+
+ latex hebrew.dtx
+ makeindex -s bbind.ist hebrew.idx
+ makeindex -s bbglo.ist -o hebrew.gls hebrew.glo
+ latex hebrew.dtx
+ latex hebrew.dtx
+
+ ------------------------------------
+
+The same procedure can be applied on babel.dtx (or babel.drv) to create the
+babel documentation. Files bbind.ist and bbglo.ist are included with babel
+installation.
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Hebrew package usage
+
+The usage is simple, for example:
+
+\documentclass[12pt,twoside]{book}
+\usepackage[hebrew,english,russian,danish,greek,...]{babel}
+
+LaTeX 2.09 style is also supported (in compatibility mode) to process
+existing documents, for example:
+
+\documentstyle[12pt,hebrew_newcode]{article}
+
+Languages can be switched by the following macros:
+
+ 1. \sethebrew or \unsethebrew
+ 2. \selectlanguage{hebrew}, \selectlanguage{english}, etc.
+ 3. \begin{otherlanguage}{hebrew} ... \end{otherlanguage}, or any other
+ language
+ 4. \R{hebrew text} inside the latin text
+ 5. \L{latin text} inside the hebrew text
+
+First three commands are equivalent: first one provides switching interface,
+compatible with LaTeX 2.09 hebrew style, while second and third ---
+babel-based interface.
+
+Last two commands are used for language and direction switching inside
+paragraph.
+
+hmbox and embox macros should be used for inserting Hebrew and English text
+(respectively) inside a mathematical formula.
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Input code pages
+
+Hebrew package supports the following input code pages:
+
+ 1. 7-bit hebrew encoding, also known as old code, defined by Israeli
+ Standard 960 (si960)
+ 2. IBM PC code page also known as pc code (cp862)
+ 3. WINDOWS code page also known as new code (cp1255)
+ 4. ISO 8859-8 Hebrew/Latin code page commonly used in UNIX, also known as
+ new code (8859-8 also known as new code)
+
+The default input encoding can be set using option defined above in
+parentheses with inputenc style (but *before* babel), for example :
+
+\usepackage[cp1255]{inputenc}
+
+Input encoding can be changed also inside the document by the \inputencoding
+command, for example:
+
+\inputencoding{cp862}
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Font encodings
+
+Various font encodings can be used, including, of course, Local Hebrew
+Encoding (LHE), with the aid of fontenc style (but *before* babel), for
+example:
+
+\usepackage[LHE,OT2,LCY,T1]{fontenc}
+
+Many useful font-switching commands are provided in hebfont package which
+can be included *after* the babel:
+
+\usepackage{hebfont}
+
+These commands are in format \text<font>{Hebrew text}, for example:
+\textoj{Text printed with Old Jaffa font}, \textredis{Text printed with
+redis font}.
+
+In addition, for backward compatibility in LaTeX 2.09 documents, the four
+old font-switching commands are supported:
+{\jm ...}, {\oj ...}, {\ds ...} and {\ta ...} for Jerusalem, Old Jaffa, Dead
+Sea and Tel-Aviv fonts respectively.
+
+The following TeX fonts are supported:
+
+ * Jerusalem (used as default font)
+ * Dead Sea (used as bold font)
+ * Tel-Aviv (used as sans-serif or typewriter font)
+ * Old Jaffa (used as italic or slanted font and for emphasize)
+ * Hebrew classic normal and slanted (command \textclas)
+ * Shalom Old Style (command \textshold)
+ * Shalom Script (command \textshscr)
+ * Shalom Stick (command \textshstk)
+ * Carmel normal and slanted (command \textcrml)
+ * Frank Ruehl normal, bold and slanted (command \textfr)
+ * Redis normal, bold and slanted (command \textredis)
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Bi-directional sectioning commands
+
+These commands inserts both Hebrew title to the RL table of contents or list
+of figures/tables, and English (or other LR language) title to the LR table
+of contents or list of figures/tables.
+
+ 1. \bpart{hebrew}{english}
+ 2. \bchapter{hebrew}{english}
+ 3. \bsection{hebrew}{english}
+ 4. \bsubsection{hebrew}{english}
+ 5. \bsubsubsection{hebrew}{english}
+ 6. \bcaption{hebrew}{english}
+ 7. \bchapternn{hebrew}{english} - replaces \chapter*
+ 8. \bsectionnn{hebrew}{english} - replaces \section*
+
+A number of additional bi-directional commands are defined in the
+hebtech.cls - thesis document class file, described below.
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Table of contents, List of figures, List of tables
+
+Both Right-to-Left and Left-to-Right versions of the tables (toc, lof and
+lot) can be generated simultaneously. The LR files have the default
+extensions (.toc, .lof and .lot), while the RL files have reversed
+extensions (.cot, .fol and .tol). For example, to include RL tables at the
+beginning and LR tables before the end of the document:
+
+ ------------------------------------
+
+ \begin{document}
+ \sethebrew
+ \tableofcontents % Generates .cot file
+ \listoffigures % Generates .fol file
+ \listoftables % Generates .tol file
+ ...
+ \unsethebrew
+ \tableofcontents % Generates .toc file
+ \listoffigures % Generates .lof file
+ \listoftables % Generates .lot file
+ \end{document}
+
+ ------------------------------------
+
+All 6 files are generated simultaneously in two latex passes !
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Hebrew calendar
+
+Original Hebrew calendar style was created by Michail Rozman, and corrected
+by Rama Porrat, Michail Rozman and Dan Haran.
+
+This style was adjusted to LaTeX 2e by Boris Lavva, and provided in hebcal
+package. It can be included *after* the babel:
+
+\usepackage{hebcal}
+
+The following 2 user-level commands are provided with the package:
+
+\newcount\hd \newcount\hm \newcount\hy
+
+\hd=10 \hm=3 \hy=1992
+
+\HebrewDate{\hd}{\hm}{\hy}
+
+which converts the requested Gregorian date to Hebrew calendar date and
+prints it in Hebrew or English (depends on the current language) and:
+
+\HebrewToday or \hebrewtoday
+
+which prints the current Hebrew date (today) .
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Document class for preparing Hebrew/English or English/Hebrew thesis
+
+A useful document class file hebtech for preparing M.Sc. and Ph.D. theses
+for the Technion (English/Hebrew and Hebrew/English) is included with this
+package too. I believe that it can be adjusted for the needs of other
+academic institutions in Israel too. This class automatically includes babel
+with hebrew and english option, hebfont and hebcal packages.
+
+The original version for LaTeX 2.09 and old code Hebrew was created in 1994
+by Irina Abramovici, at Taub Computer Center, Technion.
+
+How to use this document class?
+
+\documentclass[12pt]{hebtech}
+
+The following parameters should be included in thesis preamble (before
+\begin{document}):
+
+ 1. Thesis title
+ \title{hebrew}{english}
+ 2. Thesis author
+ \author{hebrew}{english}
+ 3. Department name, e.g. Electrical Engineering Department
+ \dept{hebrew}{english}
+ 4. Domain of research, e.g. Food Processing
+ \dom{hebrew}{english}
+ 5. Main advisor
+ \advisori{hebrew}{english}
+ 6. Second advisor, if exists
+ \advisorii{hebrew}{english}
+ 7. Main sponsor
+ \donori{hebrew}{english}
+ 8. Additional sponsor, if exists
+ \donorii{hebrew}{english}
+ 9. Set thestype counter to:
+ o 1 --- for a research thesis
+ o 2 --- for a project thesis
+ o 3 --- for a final paper
+
+ \setcounter{thestype}{1}
+ 10. Set grade counter to:
+ o 1 --- for master of science
+ o 2 --- for master
+ o 3 --- for master of technology
+ o 4 --- for doctor of science
+
+ \setcounter{grade}{1}
+ 11. Date is optional, if not included, today's date will be used. The
+ Gregorian date entered will be printed and get converted the Jewish
+ date.
+ \date{28}{2}{1998}
+ 12. Page style is optional too, if not included, plain will be used.
+ \pagestyle{thesis}
+
+In the main document the following additional commands and environments can
+be used:
+
+ 1. \makecover - creates Hebrew or English cover page, depending on the
+ current language.
+ 2. \maketitle - creates Hebrew or English title page, depending on the
+ current language.
+ 3. \begin{acknowledgment} ... \end{acknowledgment} - builds the
+ acknowledgment page and adds inserted customized acknowledgment in
+ Hebrew or English, depending on the current language.
+ 4. \begin{dedication} ... \end{dedication} - builds the dedication page in
+ Hebrew or English, depending on the current language.
+ 5. \tableofcontents, \listoffigures, \listoftables - builds tables
+ depending on the current language (all 6 tables can be used
+ simultaneously).
+ 6. \begin{abstract} ... \end{abstract} - builds the abstract pages in
+ Hebrew or English, depending on the current language, adds contents
+ line to the 2 tables of contents.
+ 7. \frontmatter, \mainmatter, \backmatter - should be inserted at the
+ beginning, before the main part, and at the ending of the thesis to
+ change numbering and other style parameters.
+ 8. \bibliography{...} - now adds "References" line to the 2 tables of
+ contents: English and Hebrew.
+
+Some useful bi-directional commands, for figures and tables provided in this
+file too:
+
+ 1. \bcaptionf{hebrew}{english} - similar to \bcaption but answers to
+ thesis formatting requirements at the Technion, used for figures.
+ 2. \bcaptionff{to RL lof}{to LR lof}{hebrew}{english} - a customized one
+ for figures.
+ 3. \bcaptiont{hebrew}{english} - similar to \bcaption but answers to
+ thesis formatting requirements at the Technion, used for tables.
+ 4. \bcaptiontt{to RL lot}{to LR lot}{hebrew}{english} - a customized one
+ for tables.
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Compatibility with LaTeX 2.09 style
+
+Generally, the new package is compatible with LaTeX 2.09 style file
+hebrew.sty, i.e. in most cases one can use the new package on old documents
+without any errors. Howver, it does not support Plain TeX, please use
+heb_macros.tex, or other TeX macro file for Hebrew instead.
+
+A few incompatibilities are described below:
+
+ * The macros with Hebrew names are not provided, for example, macro
+ \hadgesh when the command name "hadgesh" is given in Hebrew is not
+ supported. The reason is that in new LaTeX 2e it is forbidden to use
+ 8-bit macros, because all characters 128-255 became to be "active".
+ However, the following English-coded equivalents are supported for
+ backward compatibility with LaTeX 2.09 style and can be used even in
+ the new documents:
+ 1. \hebday (replaced "hayom").
+ 2. \hebcopy (for use in letter style)
+ 3. \hebincl (for use in letter style)
+ 4. \hebpage (for use in letter style)
+ 5. \hebto (for use in letter style)
+ 6. \hadgesh (produces ``poor man's bold'' - heavy printout, it is
+ advisable to use real bold fonts, e.g. DeadSea instead)
+ 7. \piska (can be used only in compatibility mode)
+ 8. \piskapiska (can be used only in compatibility mode)
+ 9. \makafgadol (=\textendash)
+ 10. \makafanak (=\textemdash)
+ 11. \geresh (=\textquoteright)
+ 12. \opengeresh (=\textquoteright)
+ 13. \closegeresh (=\textquoteleft)
+ 14. \openquote (=\textquotedblright)
+ 15. \closequote (=\textquotedblleft)
+ 16. \leftquotation (=\textquotedblright)
+ 17. \rightquotation (=\textquotedblleft)
+ 18. \undertext (=\underline, can be used only in compatibility mode)
+ * In \documentstyle line the following 3 styles can be used in Hebrew
+ documents:
+ 1. \documentstyle[hebrew_oldcode,...]{...} in old 7-bit documents
+ (instead of "hebrew"!).
+ 2. \documentstyle[hebrew_newcode,...]{...} in 8-bit UNIX or Windows
+ documents.
+ 3. \documentstyle[hebrew_p,...]{...} in 8-bit DOS documents.
+ * hebcal style should always be used (instead of older hebcal_p and
+ hebcal_newcode).
+ * Font names for the included 7-bit fonts were renamed (for the sake of
+ multiplatform support) to lowercase names with no more than 8
+ characters as following:
+ o jerus10.mf - for Jerusalem (10pt)
+ o deads10.mf - for Dead Sea (10pt)
+ o telav10.mf - for TelAviv (10pt)
+ o oldjaf10.mf - for Old Jaffa (10pt)
+ o shold10.mf - for Shalom Old Style (10pt)
+ o shscr10.mf - for Shalom Script (10pt)
+ o shstk10.mf - for Shalom Stick (10pt)
+ o Some other font-related files were renamed too (to lowercase and <
+ 8 characters):
+ + frank_ruehl.mf became frruehl.mf
+ + redisfont.mf became redisfnt.mf
+ + redisbx10.mf became redisb10.mf
+ o All other font names remain unchanged
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Future work
+
+ 1. Visual enviroments i.e. tabular, tabbing and array have to be supported
+ for hebrew. Now only left-to-right direction of lines is supported.
+ 2. Update hebrew package for the future babel-3.7 release.
+ 3. Hebrew points and dots ("nikud") support should be added, so it can be
+ used in font-independent way.
+ Currently, nikud can be used only on font-dependent way: only shalom
+ and classic families of fonts provide nikud, and hebrew point glyphs
+ are located in different places.
+ 4. Machintosh Hebrew/English input code page support should be added.
+ 5. Type1/TrueType Hebrew fonts should be supported.
+
+------------------------------------------------------
+Created by Boris Lavva, lavva@tx.technion.ac.il
+Last modified March 1, 1998
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/00readme.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/00readme.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..da95f418547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/00readme.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+ Babel Distribution Guide
+
+ 29 March 2005
+
+
+Welcome to the Babel system!
+
+This file contains the distribution guide for version 3.8 of the
+Babel system. The Babel system is distributed under the terms of
+the LaTeX Project Public License version 1.3 or later. A copy of
+the LPPL can be found in the LaTeX distribution.
+
+The Babel system supports multilingual typesetting.
+This version of the Babel system is compatible with LaTeX2e.
+Whenever the instructions talk about LaTeX, read LaTeX2e.
+
+This system is maintained by Johannes Braams in cooperation with
+various people around the world.
+
+The Babel system is described in:
+
+ * The LaTeX Companion 2nd edn., Mittelbach and Goossens et al, Addison-Wesley
+
+
+This distribution is described in the files ending with .txt. You
+should read install.txt before starting to install Babel.
+
+ * 00readme.txt is this file.
+
+ * changes.txt is a chronological list of the changes to babel
+
+ * install.txt describes how to install Babel.
+ * install.OzTeX-4 describes how to install Babel on a Mac with a
+ recent OzTeX distribution (4.0+).
+ * install.OzTeX-pre4 describes how to install Babel on a Mac with an
+ old OzTeX distribution (before 4.0).
+
+ * manifest.bbl lists all the files in the Babel distribution.
+
+ * bugs.txt describes how to submit a bug report for Babel.
+
+ * todo.txt lists a few things that haven't been done yet
+
+ * howtoget.txt lists the places where to get the Babel system and
+ other related software.
+
+You are not allowed to change the files in this distribution.
+
+If you want to add your own options to extend Babel with local
+language definitions you can do that by adding \DeclareOption
+statements to a configuration file, bblopt.cfg.
+
+If you like the babel system, please send me a postcard with a nice
+postage stamp for my collection!
+
+Please do not request updates from me. Distribution is done only
+through mail servers and TeX organisations.
+
+
+Please send bug reports to the LaTeX bug reporting address,
+latex-bugs@latex-project.org. Please read the file bugs.txt in this
+distribution and follow the guidelines.
+
+WARNINGS:
+---------
+- The file wnhyphen.tex (russian hyphenation pattern file) contains
+ changes of uppercase and lowercase codes. Amongst these is
+ \uccode`\~=`\^ which may lead to unexpected results when the ~
+ occurs in the argument of \uppercase
+
+Send any suggestions, additions, complaints, to me:
+e-mail: babel at braams.cistron.nl
+address: Kersengaarde 33
+ 2723 BP Zoetermeer
+ The Netherlands
+Note that I am more likely to respond to e-mail.
+--- Copyright 1997,2005 Johannes Braams. All rights reserved ---
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/GreekFonts.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/GreekFonts.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4bc082f60e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/GreekFonts.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+ The Greek fonts
+
+
+ The latest version of the "babel" package supports the Greek language. In
+ order to be able to use the "greek" option correctly someone must have
+ the correct fonts properly installed. The "greek" option uses the new
+ fonts designed by Claudio Beccari (beccari@polito.it). The fonts are
+ complete, i.e., there are shapes for every possible combination. Moreover,
+ the fonts include the big slide size fonts, which were missing in the
+ previous font bundle.
+
+ Where to find them
+
+ All the necessary Greek fonts reside in any of the CTAN nodes. They
+ reside in the directory languages/greek/cb. The font bundle includes
+ hyphenation patterns plus usage information for the greek option.
+
+ October 15, 1997
+
+ Apostolos Syropoulos
+
+ snail mail: 366, 28th October Str.
+ GR-671 00 Xanthi, GREECE
+
+ electronic
+ mail: apostolo@platon.ee.duth.gr or
+ apostolo@obelix.ee.duth.gr
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/announce.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/announce.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..04541542785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/announce.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+ Hi,
+
+ This is the announcement of babel release 3.8,
+
+ What's new in release 3.8?
+ Actually babel 3.8 is very much like the later releases of
+ babel 3.7. Support for a number of languages has been added.
+ Here is a list of the changes since babel 3.7h:
+ - Shorthands are expandable again. The disadvantage is that
+ one has to type '{}a when the acute accent is used as a
+ shorthand character. The advantage is that a number of other
+ problems (such as the breaking of ligatures, etc.) have
+ vanished.
+ - Two new commands, \shorthandon and \shorthandoff have
+ been introduced to enable to temporarily switch off one or more
+ shorthands.
+ - The support for Hebrew has been updated by Tzafrir Cohen
+ - Support for Slovak has been extended with shorthand
+ definitions.
+ - Support for typesetting Sanskrit in transliteration will
+ be made available in a later release of babel.
+ - Support for typesetting Kannada, Devnagari and Tamil will
+ be made available in a later release of babel.
+ - Support for typesetting interlingua is now available, thanks to
+ Peter Kleiweg <kleiweg@let.rug.nl>.
+
+ The last remark: where can you get babel 3.8?
+ It is available in the directory
+ /tex-archive/macros/latex/rewuired/babel on CTAN.
+
+ Happy LaTeXing!
+
+ Johannes Braams
+
+TeXniek, Kersengaarde 33,
+2723 BP Zoetermeer The Netherlands.
+Phone : +31 79 352 28 19 E-mail : johannes at braams.cistron.nl
+Fax : +31 70 343 41 85
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/babel.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/babel.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9bfc6264d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/babel.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bugs.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bugs.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d5a4b8c715a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bugs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+ Babel Error Reports
+
+ 20 February 2004
+
+ERROR REPORTS
+
+Before you report an error please check that:
+
+ * The error has not already been reported. If you have WWW
+ access, you can search the LaTeX bugs database using this URL:
+
+ http://www.latex-project.org/bugs.html
+
+ * The error is not caused by software other than the Babel software
+ that is produced and maintained by me (please report problems with
+ other software to the authors or suppliers of that software).
+
+ * The error is not caused by using an obsolete version of any file or
+ of other software.
+
+ * You are using the original version of all files, not one that has
+ been modified elsewhere.
+
+If you think you have found a genuine bug in a recent version of the
+Babel software please report it in the same way as bugs for LaTeX2e
+are reported:
+
+ * Prepare a *short* test file that clearly demonstrates your
+ problem; see below for a discussion of `short'.
+
+ * Run this file through latex to obtain the transcript file
+ (often .log) since you will need to submit this file also.
+
+ * Generate a bug report template by running the file
+ latexbug.tex through LaTeX2e.
+
+ * Fill in the spaces in the generated template file. Please note that
+ the reporting language is *English* irregardless of the fact, that
+ the address you are sending the bug report to, might not be in an
+ English speaking country. Reports received in a language other than
+ English might not be understandable for the person currently
+ looking at bug reports!
+
+ * Include all necessary information, especially a complete input
+ file, a complete transcript file, and all other files used (if they
+ are not standard).
+
+ Please check carefully to ensure that any non-standard files are
+ essential to the bug; and remember that I cannot debug files not
+ supplied by me.
+
+ Any such non-standard files should be included in a `filecontents'
+ environment at the start of your input file. This allows me to
+ run your test file without a lot of manual preparation; this is
+ essential since we have to deal with many reports, not just with
+ the one written by you.
+
+ * Please note that it is important to make the input file as small
+ as possible since this will enable me to find and fix the error
+ quickly. It also helps me because then I can often use it as test
+ file for future releases.
+
+ I would expect most files to be less than 60 lines, and very
+ rarely to be longer than 100 lines.
+
+ This can often be achieved by defining a command to be some
+ arbitrary text and using this several times if it is necessary to
+ generate longer bits of text.
+
+Error reports concerning UNCHANGED versions of Babel files should be
+sent by E-mail to:
+
+ latex-bugs@latex-project.org
+
+You will receive an acknowledgement by E-mail containing at the
+beginning of its subject line a problem reference of the form
+category/number, e.g. babel/1234. Please use this subject line in ALL
+further E-mails concerning the problem. Otherwise your reply will be
+categorized and filed separately.
+
+--- Copyright 2004 Johannes Braams. All rights reserved ---
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/changes.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/changes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cc860ecba1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/changes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2563 @@
+
+This file lists changes to the Babel files in reverse chronological order.
+NOTE: This file is based on the developers' personal change-log files
+and is provided for convenience only. It therefore makes no claims to
+completeness or accuracy and it contains some references to files that
+are not part of the distribution.
+
+==========================================================================
+
+
+2005-05-21 Johannes Braams <babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsubsection{\pkg{varioref}}): The varioref
+ \Ref needs to be able to expand \ref; in order to make this work
+ we now redefine \Ref_ to call \org@ref (found by Frank Mitelbach).
+
+2005-05-18 Johannes Braams <babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * hebrew/hebrew.fdd: Typo's in the docstrip guards prevented the
+ command \ProvidesFile to appear in HE8nachlieli.fd (PR3774), the
+ file HE8frankruehl.fd was completely useless
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{marks}): The way Babel dealt with
+ adding language information to the marks appeared to rely on
+ LaTeX's definition of \markboth and \markright, but broke with
+ classes such as amsart that contain a different definition (PR
+ 3750 and 3756). Also, the use of \noexpand brok with fancyhdr;
+ replaced with \protect (found by Frank Mitelbach)
+
+ * italian/italian.dtx: Received a new version of italian.dtx from
+ Claudio Beccari
+
+2005-03-31 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * welsh/welsh.dtx : Translation for `Glossary' provided by Owen
+ Thomas (owen at llambed.freeserve.co.uk); he also informed me that
+ the string `a viz' should not be part of the definition for
+ \today.
+
+2005-03-30 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * latin/latin.dtx: Added a comment character in the definition of
+ \today to prevent an unwanted space in the output. Reported by
+ Richard Verhoeven (richard.verhoeven at web.de).
+
+2005-03-24 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx: Andrew Youn (aty at mintaka.sdsu.edu) and
+ Hillmar Preusse (hille42 web.de) supplied many error corrections
+ and enhancements to the text.
+
+2005-03-02 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * frenchb/frenchb.dtx : Received a new version from Daniel flipo
+
+2004-11-21 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * cyrillic/russianb.dtx : Removed the comment character that
+ disabled the copde line in which the shorthand ", is declared. PR
+ 3669 requested this shorthand to be activated. Reported by ichail
+ Vidiassov (master at iaas.msu.ru)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Added an error message
+ for the case where \aliasshorthand is used in a document without
+ prio declaration in the preamble of the new shorthand
+ character. PR 3590, reported by Igor A. Kotelnikov (i.a.kotelnikov
+ at inp.nsk.su)
+
+2004-11-17 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * magyar/magyar.dtx : Added a numer of comment characters after
+ PR3720 reported a spurious space in the output. The PR was
+ reported by Zoltan Gotthardt (gotty at freemail.hu).
+
+2004-06-14 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * english/english.dtx : The selection of hyphenation patters was
+ biased towards the American patterns. Removed this bias. This
+ change was prompted by comments from Walter Schmidt (w.a.schmidt\
+ at gmx.net).
+
+2004-06-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx: Added support for Australian and New
+ Zealand spelling.
+ * english/english.dtx: Added support for Australian and New
+ Zealand spelling upon request from Harald Harders (h.harders at
+ tu-bs.de)
+
+2004-05-26 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{marks}): When the mark commands are
+ used with empty argumetns, we don't want to add anything to the
+ marks. PR3674, found by Ulrich Dirr ud at art-satz.de, stated
+ that empty marks were no longer empty.
+
+2004-05-21 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * russianb.dtx, ukraineb.dtx, bulgarian.dtx : The command for tanh
+ (\th) conflicts with the T1 definition of \th (the letter
+ thorn). Therefore changed the definition to be valid only for the
+ respective language and in math mode only. (PR 3649, found by
+ Benjamin BAYART (bayartb at jmpl.fr.eu.org))
+
+2004-05-02 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands for quotation marks}): Now
+ use \ProvideTextCommand and friends instead of
+ \DeclareRobustCommand to define the quotation marks in order to
+ keep kerning working (PR3482, 3661, both reported by Harald
+ Harders, h.harders at tu-bs.de).
+
+2004-04-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx : The code that is executed when the hhline
+ package is loaded needed an extra \string before the colon to
+ prevent unwanted expansion of the colon in some circumstances.
+
+2004-04-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * frenchb/frenchb.dtx : Received a new version from Daniel flipo
+
+2004-02-20 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * hebrew/hebrew.dtx: Updated distribution with new files from
+ Tzafrir Cohen from his ivritex package
+
+ * magyar/magyar.dtx : Use \nobreakspace indefinition of
+ fnum@figure and fnum@table
+
+ * slovak/slovak.dtx : Tobias Schlemmer (Tobias.Schlemmer at
+ web.de) provided an extension to the support for Slovak with
+ shorthand definitions.
+
+2004-02-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek/greek.dtx : Commented out the redefinitions of
+ \fnum@figure and \fnum@tabel as they are no longer necessary and
+ proved to be a problem together with the koma class. Pointed out
+ by Markus Kohm (komascript at gmx.info) and "Matthias M. Weber"
+ (mmw at aretaios.de)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Umlauts and trema's}): PR 3603
+ mentions a problem in \LaTeX when \add@accent occurs in vertical
+ mode; this problem can occur with \umlauthigh and \umlatlow as
+ well. Implemented the same fix: add \leavevemode. Reported by:
+ Gianfranco Boggio-Togna (gbt at acm.org).
+
+ * polish/polish.dtx : The double closing quote was defined using
+ \textquotedblleft, it should be \textquotedblright according to
+ Zbigniew Jedrzejewski-Szmek (zjed@ at tempac.okwf.fuw.edu.pl)
+
+2004-02-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * czech/czech.dtx : Translation for `Glossary' provided by
+ (tonda.misek at post.cz) (PR 3610)
+
+2003-11-26 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Since the equal
+ sign may be used in TeX programming it needs to have it's default
+ category code during language definition file processing. When
+ turkish is loaded this isn't the case. Therefor the macros
+ Ldfinit, ldf@quit and ldf@finish have been changed accordingly.
+ Problem reported in PR 3398 by myself as occuring with latin.
+
+2003-11-20 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * catalan/catalan.dtx : Fixed a typo,
+ found by Ignasi Furió (ignasi.furio at uib.es) \AtBeginDocuemnt
+
+ * magyar/magyar.dtx : Translation for `Glossary' provided by
+ franciszek holop (fred at pentacom.sk)
+
+2003-11-17 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * danish/danish.dtx : The default setting of the hyphenmin
+ parameters was missing; noticed by Arne Glenstrup
+ (panic at com.dtu.dk).
+
+ * catalan/catalan.dtx : Translation for `Glossary' provided by
+ (antispam at wanadoo.es)
+
+ * bahasa/bahasa.dtx : Translation for `Glossary' provided by
+ (Jörg Knappen) (joerg.knappen at uni-mainz.de)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Changed the definition
+ of \active@prefix to take \@unexpandable@rotect into account in
+ order to make sure that the showkeys package shows the correct
+ label (PR3547 by Cyril Carrez (cyril.carrez at enst.fr)
+
+ * english/english.dtx : The default setting of the hyphenmin
+ parameters was missing.
+
+2003-11-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added a
+ seperate error message for the case where the hyphenation patterns
+ where loade, but the option wasn't specified. (PR 3329 by
+ was at VR-Web.de (Walter Schmidt))
+
+2003-11-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{marks}): Added the command
+ \bbl@resotre@actives to markright and and markboth. This is needed
+ for the situation when the output routine kicks in while
+ \@safe@actives is in effect. PR3335 from Werner Lemberg
+ (wl@gnu.org) shows that this can happen while LaTeX is processing
+ a bibitem.
+
+2003-11-14 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * spanish/spanish.dtx: Received a new version from Javier Bezos
+
+ * frenchb/frenchb.dtx : Received a new version from Daniel flipo
+
+2003-11-13 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): removed a line
+ with \let\bbl@pop@language\relax as it prevents the stack
+ mechanism from working (PR3583, Daniel Flipo)
+ (subsection{Language options}): Added the interlingua option,
+ support provided by Peter Kleiweg (kleiweg at let.rug.nl) and Alberto
+ Mardegan (mardy at despammed.com)
+
+2003-10-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * magyar/magyar.dtx : When \l@magyar and \l@hungarian were both
+ undefined to begin with \l@hungarian staied undefined. Fixed this.
+
+2003-10-04 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * hebrew/hebrwe.dtx: Fixed \hebr and \gim which gave missing
+ endcsname errors; added two \fi to \@@gim which were missing
+
+2003-09-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * magyar/magyar.dtx : Added \def\@safe@activesfalse{} to
+ \hun@tempadef to fix PR3426, submitted by Bálint Aradi
+ (aradi at surphy.fat.bme.hu)
+
+2003-09-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * catalan/catalan.dtx: The commands \l and \L didn't work when the
+ package fontenc with encoding T1 was loaded after
+ babel. Postponing them to \begin{document} helps.
+
+2003-09-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * magyar/magyar.dtx: The \if-\else-\fi construction which checks
+ the existnece of \l@magyar and \l@hungarian was malformed, in
+ effect making l@hungarian undefined when hte patterns were loaded
+ under that name
+
+2003-09-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): The fix for PR 3383
+ didn't make it into the code corretly. \aliasshorthand was broken
+ as well, the new shorthand was not "deactivated" by verbatim.
+
+2003-08-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek/athnum.dtx: Received a new version from Apostolos
+ Syropoulos
+ * french/french.dtx: Received a new version from Daniel flipo
+
+2003-06-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Language options}): Create fd file
+ with fontfamily substitutes with a lowerase filename
+
+2003-06-14 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bulgarian/bulgarian.dtx (section{The Bulgarian language}): Added
+ missing closing brace in definition of \@alph@eng; found by Hilmar
+ Preusse (hille42 at web.de); reported as PR3533
+
+2003-06-10 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * romanian/romanian.dtx : Translation for `Glossary' provided by
+ Costin Stroie (thubi at med.pub.ro)
+
+2003-06-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Language options}): No longer load
+ Bernard Gaulle french.ldf when the option `french' was specified;
+ always load frencb.ldf instead. This change was made after reports
+ that documents are no longer portable when the option `french' is
+ used.
+
+2003-05-23 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsubsection{General}): Now define
+ \FOREIGNLANGUAGE unconditonally as it might turn up in the
+ argument of \MakeUpperCase (PR3438)
+
+ * galician/galician.dtx : Translation for `Glossary' provided by
+ Xoán Pedracova (xpedra at com.uvigo.es)
+
+ * portuges/portuges.dtx : Translation for `Glossary' provided by
+ Camilo Yamauchi Campo (ccampo at icmc.sc.usp.br) and Xoán Pedracova
+ (xpedra at com.uvigo.es)
+
+2003-04-14 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * italian/italian.dtx: Received a new version of italian.dtx from
+ Claudio Beccari, removing functionality that has become available
+ in the LaTeX Kernel.
+
+ * latin/latin.dtx: Received a new version of latin.dtx from
+ Claudio Beccari; solving PR 3523.
+
+2003-04-10 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek/greek.dtx : When loading polutoniko greek after frenchb
+ LaTeX crashes because frenchb makes the `!' an active
+ charcter. Found by christian at justen-mack.de (Christian Justen)
+ (PR 3505)
+
+2003-04-10 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bulgarian/bulgarian.dtx : Fixed typo which prevented \@SS to be
+ defined. Found by "Dimitar Vandev" (vandev at math.bas.bg)
+
+ * danish/danish.dtx : Translation for `Glossary' provided by
+ Morten H{\o}gholm (moho01ab at student.cbs.dk) in PR 3500
+
+2003-04-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * frenchb/frenchb.dtx : New version (1.6b) from Daniel which now
+ takes guillemets in OT1 from OT4, no longer from OT2/wncyr, thus
+ providing better cooperation between franch and russian.
+
+2003-03-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Encodig issues (part 1)}): the
+ command \textlatin needs to start with \leavevmode in order to
+ start a paraghraph before the group instead of inside it. found by
+ Frank Mittelbach.
+ * greek/greek.dtx (subsection{Greek numbering}): Similar change
+ for \textgreek.
+ * frenchb/frenchb.dtx : New version (1.6a) from Daniel which
+ offers the possibility of having footnotes typeset as required by
+ the French `Imprimerie Nationale'.
+
+2003-03-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Use a stack
+ mechanism to keep track of nested languages. When more than one
+ level of nesting occurs TeX's grouping mechanism no longer works
+ as needed. Problem first mentioned by Daniel Flipo
+ (Daniel.Flipo at univ-lille1.fr) in july 2002.
+
+2002-01-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * icelandic/icelandic.dtx : Added translation for Glossary as
+ supplied by Erlendur S Ŝorsteinsson (esth at erlendur.com)
+
+2002-01-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * esperanto/esperanto.dtx : Added translation for Glossary as
+ supplied by Dominique Unruh (dominique at unruh.de)
+
+ * basque/basque.dtx : Received a new version from Juan
+ Aguirregabiria, change the ur;'s for the patterns file, translated
+ Glossary, revised definition of "-.
+
+2001-11-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * swedish/swedish.dtx : Fixed a changes entry (reported by Frederic
+ Boulanger (Frederic.Boulanger at supelec.fr))
+ * hebrew/hebrew.dtx : Fixed a changes entry (reported by Frederic
+ Boulanger (Frederic.Boulanger at supelec.fr))
+
+2001-11-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * magyar/magyar.dtx: Corrected checksum. (reported by Frederic
+ Boulanger (Frederic.Boulanger at supelec.fr))
+
+2001-11-13 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * finnish/finnish.dtx : According to Niilo Siljamo
+ (Niilo.Siljamo at fmi.fi) and Matti Rintala (matti.rintala at tut.fi)
+ the definition of "= should use \bbl@allowhyphens instead of
+ \allowhyphens. (PR 3378)
+
+2001-11-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): The user level
+ shorthands were broken. Fixed this by using the \lccode
+ trick. PR 3383 found by Nicolae-Alexandru Nicorovici
+ (nicolae at physics.usyd.edu.au).
+
+2001-03-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * swedish/swedish.dtx, finnish/finnish.dtx : Translations for
+ `Glossary' were provided by Martin Vermeer mv at liisa.pp.fi
+
+2001-03-05 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * magyar/magyar.dtx : Make sure the the `-character has catcode
+ 12 when the .aux file is being read in the second time. (see also
+ change to catalan.dtx d.d. 1999-11-29.
+ Found by Gyori Sandor (gyori at szit.bme.hu)
+
+2001-03-01 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * frenchb/frenchb.dtx (subsection{Caption names}): Added a missing
+ comment character.
+
+ * base/babel.dtx: Added a number of missing comment characters
+ which could produce spurious whitespace in documents.
+ Found by Daniel Flipo (flipo at univ-lille1.fr).
+
+2001-02-21 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * cyrillic/{russianb,ukraineb}.dtx : commented out the code that
+ was copied from amsmath as it genereated a textfont 7 error. This
+ was reported in PR3226 and PR3245
+
+2001-02-20 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * galician/galician.dtx : Added translation for Proof, provided by
+ "Emilio Perez Gonzalez" (eperez at cesatel.net).
+
+2001-02-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * catalan/catalan.dtx : Added setting of hyphenation parameters to
+ two as required by the Catalan hyphenation patterns cahyph.tex.
+
+2001-02-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * portuges/portuges.dtx : According to the Portuguese hyphenation
+ pattern file the \righthyphenmin value should be set to 3 instead
+ of 2.
+ Reported by "Walter Schmidt" (was at VR-Web.de) (PR3303)
+
+ * greek/grmath.dtx: New version of this file from Apostolo with
+ two new options, grlog and enlog.
+
+ * frenchb/frenchb.dtx : New version (1.5d) from Daniel which makes
+ french the internal name instead of frenchb.
+
+2001-02-13 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * cyrillic/ukraineb.dtx : Added the translation for "glossary" as
+ provided by Andrij Shvaika (ashv at icmp.lviv.ua) in PR3306
+
+2001-02-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Language options}): Added options
+ canadien and acadian.
+ (subsection{Multiple languages}): The CJK package adds an extra
+ level of grouping to the document through a redefinition of the
+ \documentclass macro.
+ Found by Daniel FLIPO (flipo at univ-lille1.fr).
+ (subsubsection{\pkg{fancyhdr}}): In order to prevent unexpected
+ results in documents that use fancyhdr combined with the book
+ class we need to define \FOREIGNLANGUAGE.
+ Found by Piet van Oostrum (piet at cs.uu.nl) (PR3238)
+
+ * frenchb/frenchb.dtx : New version (1.5) from Daniel Flipo;
+ Added support for canadien and acadian on request from "Garst
+ R. Reese" (reese at isn.net) and the LyX developpers.
+
+2001-02-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Language options}): Added the
+ canadian option on request from "Garst R. Reese" (reese at isn.net)
+ and the LyX developpers.
+
+ * english/english.dtx : Added support for loading with the option
+ canadian.
+
+2001-02-06 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * german/ngermanb.dtx : Made the option ngermanb act as if ngerman
+ was specified.
+
+ * greek/greek.dtx : Regression testing revealed that ^^9f can't be
+ fed to \initiate@active@char as such. It seemed to work, but made
+ the caret active and brok in combination with a language that
+ already had made the caret active. To circumvent this greek now
+ uses the decimal number notation (159) instead of ^^9f where
+ possible and makes the tilde act as ^^9f for the purpose of
+ declaring it active.
+
+2001-01-26 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * german/(n)germanb.dtx : Added \frenchspacing to extrasgerman as
+ it is in german.sty. Reported in PR3090 by Heiko Oberdiek
+ (oberdiek at ruf.uni-freiburg.de).
+
+2001-01-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/bbcompat.dtx: Added options for USenglish and UKenglish and
+ made sure that the right files are created from bbcompat for plain
+ TeX users. British.sty (and the others) were missing. Found by
+ Bernard Treves Brown (mcnbjtb at fs4.in.umist.ac.uk).
+
+2001-01-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * norsk/norsk.dtx : Changed \ccname and \alsoname according to a
+ message from Dag Langmyhr (dag at ifi.uio.no) and Karl Ove
+ Hufthammer (huftis at bigfoot.com)
+
+2000-12-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * italian/italian.dtx : Added the translation for Glossary as
+ provided by Claudio Beccari (Beccari at polito.it).
+
+2000-10-28 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * norsk/norsk.dtx: Replaced Glossary with its translation from
+ Rune Kleveland (runekl at math.uio.no)
+
+ * frenchb/frenchb.dtx: Daniel Flipo added
+ \ThinSpaceInFrenchNumbers
+
+2000-10-26 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek/greek.fdd : Added more font sizes to make the CB fonts
+ compatible with the EC fonts as suggested by Ken Smith
+ (kgs at maths.uq.edu.au)
+
+2000-10-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek/greek.dtx: The final sigma in all names should appear as
+ `s' instead of `c'
+
+2000-10-04 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * samin/samin.dtx: Replaced the word `Glossary' with its
+ translation supplied by Regnor Jernsletten
+ (Regnor.Jernsletten at sami.uit.no)
+
+2000-10-02 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): When the acute has been
+ made active for one language, an it gets switched to 'non-active'
+ for a second language we get a "double superscript" error. using
+ \textormath prevents this.
+ Found by Javier Bezos (jbezos at wanadoo.es) (PR3266)
+
+ * base/bbplain.dtx: Added \textquotedblleft and \textquoteleft
+ after PR 3263, found by Enn Saar, (saar at aai.ee)
+
+2000-10-01 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): The
+ optional argument of \cite is used for typesetting. Therefor the
+ shorthands need only to be turned off in the second
+ argument. Redefinition of \@citex changed accordingly, also taking
+ care of natbib and cite.sty versions of it.
+ Found by Javier Bezos (jbezos at wanadoo.es) (PR3262)
+
+2000-09-26 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Language options}): Added the
+ samin option; support was provided by Regnor Jernsletten
+ (Regnor.Jernsletten at sami.uit.no)
+
+2000-09-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Use
+ the \cs{aftergroup} mechanism to keep the language grouping
+ correct in auxiliary files ; this involves an extra level of
+ expansion with \bbl@set@language.
+ PR3091, found by Igor A. Kotelnikov (kotelnikov at nsu.ru)
+
+2000-09-22 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * all relevant language files: Now use \providehyphenmins in order
+ to provide default values instead of overruling any settings from
+ the hyphenation patterns file.
+
+2000-09-21 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Language options}): Added the
+ bulgarian option; support was provided by Georgi Boshnakov
+ (mcbssgb2 at fs2.umist.ac.uk)
+
+2000-09-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * all language files: Added \glossaryname with the default
+ translation of "Glossary" after a suggestion from Thomas Henlich
+ (henlich at mmers1.mw.tu-dresden.de)
+
+ * polish/polish.dtx: according to "Adalbert Jahnz"
+ (ad_jahnz at hotmail.com) the definitions of \refname and \bibname
+ were swapped. Corrected.
+
+ * finnish/finnish.dtx: The definition of \- still used
+ \allowhyphens instead of bbl@allowhyphens; found by Matti Hollberg
+ (hollberg at arska.fys.utu.fi) and Rintala Matti (bitti at cs.tut.fi)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Macros common to a number of
+ languages}): The macro \save@fs@q starts a paragraph inside a
+ group when called in vertical mode.It shouldn't do that. Donald
+ Arseneau (ASND at erich.triumf.ca) proposed a different
+ implementation in PR3219
+
+2000-06-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsubsection{\pkg{ifthen}}): When babel changes
+ the definition of \ifthenelse in order to give \pageref it's
+ original definition it needs to revert \pageref to its babel
+ version inside the 2nd and 3rd arguments; not after the
+ \ifthenelse instruction.
+ PR 3224, found by Heiko Oberdiek (oberdiek at ruf.uni-freiburg.de)
+
+2000-02-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * norsk/norsk.dtx: The shorthands are the same for both spelling
+ variants; no need to use \CurrentOption in \declare@shorthand. The
+ way it was done didn't work anyway,
+ Found by Rune Kleveland (runekl at math.uio.no)
+
+2000-02-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added the
+ command \providehyphenmins to be used in the .ldf files. It will
+ check whether the hyphenmin parameters were set by the hypheantion
+ pattern file.
+
+2000-02-04 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek/greek.dtx : After \selectlanguage{polutonikogreek} the
+ fonts were not reset when returning to an english environment
+ PR3168, found by Maarten Wisse, (mwisse at theo.uu.nl)
+
+2000-01-28 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * norsk/norsk.dtx : In the definition of "- we should use
+ \bbl@allowhyphens instead of \allowhyphens.
+ Found by Rune Kleveland (runekl at math.uio.no)
+
+2000-01-21 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * english/english.dtx : When the option USenglish was used the
+ format of the date was *not* american. Also, in some cases the
+ control sequence \l@<\Currentoption> was not properly
+ defined. Found by Walter Schmidt (walter.schmidt at arcormail.de)
+
+2000-01-20 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * swedish/swedish.dtx: Additions from Erik Östhols
+ (erik_osthols at yahoo.com):
+ - The unnecessary version of "=, which I really only included at
+ the time because it was there in germanb.dtx, from whence I stole
+ most (all?) of my ideas then, has been modified to something that
+ is actually useful for typesetting Swedish, and which was (again)
+ stolen from the finnish.dtx file.
+ - The likewise unnecessary "~, again stolen from germanb without
+ my having a clear idea of why it would be useful, has been
+ deleted.
+ - The new and *very* useful version of \- as found in
+ e. g. finnish.dtx has been included.
+ - The definitions of "a, "A, "o etc. have been changed to allow
+ subsequent hyphenation, as in current versions of germanb.
+ - As typesetting the date as "20 januari 2000" is, if not
+ uncommon, then at least much less common than some other varieties
+ of formatting of dates in Sweden, two commands have been added to
+ provide for the much more common "20/1 2000" and "2000-01-20".
+
+2000-01-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * polish/polish.dtx : The definition of \datepolish contained an
+ unwanted space which appeared in the output., Found by Ilya Beylin
+ (ilya at cs.chalmers.se).
+
+1999-12-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Introduced an extra
+ level of expansion in the definition of an active caret
+
+ * esperant/esperant.dtx : Moved the check for math mode in the
+ definition of the ^ to babel.def in case some other language needs
+ to have ^ as a shorthand character as well.
+
+1999-12-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * catalan/catalan.dtx : Make sure that the shorthand characters
+ are turned off outside of catalan. Found by Javier Bezos
+ (jbezos at arrakis.es)
+ This also holds for other language definitions: basque.dtx,
+ breton.dtx, danish.dtx, finnish.dtx, galician.dtx, german.dtx,
+ icelandic.dtx, ngerman.dtx, norsk.dtx, polish.dtx, portuges.dtx,
+ serbian.dtx, slovene.dtx, swedish.dtx, usorbian.dtx.
+
+1999-12-01 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Need to redefine
+ \prim@s as well as \pr@m@s as plain TeX uses \next and LaTeX uses
+ \@let@token. Found by Javier Bezos (jbezos at arrakis.es)
+
+1999-11-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * catalan/catalan.dtx : Make sure the the `-character has catcode
+ 12 when the .aux file is being read in the second time. If it is
+ active when \catcode``\active is read errors result. Found by
+ Javier Bezos (jbezos at arrakis.es)
+
+1999-11-22 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * basque/basque.dtx: fixed a few doc errors as suggested by
+ Jean-François Mertens (jfm at core.ucl.ac.be)
+
+ * norsk/norsk.dtx : Added the french double quotes, changed the
+ definition of "f based on the german definition; enhanced
+ documentation; all by Rune Kleveland (runekl at math.uio.no)
+
+1999-09-30 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * esperant/esperant.dtx : Added a chack for math mode to the
+ definition of the active ^.
+
+1999-09-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek/greek.dtx : The greek language support now makes use of
+ the language attribute feature. But in order not to break older
+ documents some extra code is needed to make the option
+ polutonikogreek work.
+
+1999-09-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/bbplain.dtx (section{Support for formats based on
+ \textsc{plain}\TeX}): Added the command \@ifundefined which is
+ used in the definition of active charcters since Babel 3.6Z
+
+1999-09-06 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): The change from 08/27
+ was rubbish; now use \let instead of \edef
+
+1999-08-27 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * cyrillic/{russianb,ukraineb}.dtx : Made not using the inputenc
+ package a warning rather than an Error message after user
+ requests.
+
+1999-08-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): The proposed fix for
+ PR3050 doesn't work; use \strip@prefix\meaning.
+
+1999-08-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * frenchb/frenchb.dtx (subsection{Date and clean up}): No longer
+ use \edef to define \today; the accent commands are not expandable
+ and generate error messaages. (PR 3083, found by Thomas Esser
+ (te at informatik.uni-hannover.de))
+
+1999-06-22 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): When the shorthand
+ character is already active make sure it gets expanded once
+ instead of fully when \normal@char<char> is defined. This can be
+ acheived by using \expandafter\noexpand (PR 3050, found by Joachim
+ Becker (jbecker1 at gwdg.de))
+
+1999-04-30 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Only realy initiate a
+ shorthand once (suggested by Javier Bezos)
+
+ * italian/italian.dtx : Claudio Beccari introduced the " as a
+ shorthand to insert the compound word mark (when the encoding is
+ T1) and added support for ISO 31/XI regulations
+
+1999-04-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek/greek.fdd (section{The encoding definition file}): Removed
+ the refinition of \& from the encoding file as it doesn't belong
+ there.
+
+ * greek/greek.dtx : Now switch the definition of \& via
+ \extrasgreek (removed from the font encoding file); the greek
+ fonts do not contain an &-sign.
+
+1999-04-22 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): In some
+ situations \lefthyphenmin remained equal to -1. This setting is
+ now inside the group in which patterns are read. Also added the
+ explicit setting of the hyphenmin paramters for language=0 as this
+ didn't happen when the first pattern file changes \lefthyphenmin.
+ For synonym languages the hyphenmin parameters were not set, this
+ is now accomplished by storing the \languagename in \process@line
+ Suggested by Vladimir Volovich (vvv at vvv.vsu.ru)
+
+1999-04-21 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): It was
+ reported by Richard Walker (Richard.Walker at cs.anu.edu.au)
+ (PR 3023) and "Igor A. Kotelnikov" (kotelnikov at nsu.ru) that babel
+ brok the cite package This could be solved by *not* redefining
+ \bibcite when the cite package is loaded.
+ During testing it became clear that running the document the first
+ time produced an error; solved by adding an \AtBeginDocument
+ action. (babel 3.6v)
+
+1999-04-20 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * base/bbcompat.dtx: Added code to issue a sensible error when the
+ .sty files are loaded from LaTeXe; but made sure the document can
+ be processed without complaints about \ProvidesLanguage not defined.
+ (PR3020, Richard Walker (Richard.Walker at cs.anu.edu.au))
+ Made sure the .sty and .ldf files can be used from plain TeX
+ without hyphen.cfg preloaded.
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (section{The Kernel of Babel}): When plain.def is
+ loaded from switch.def we need to define \adddialect first in
+ order to access the second part. (babel 3.6u)
+
+1999-04-20 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Removed the braces again
+ (PR3022) as the cure poses more problems than it solves. Will
+ need to find a different solution for the active ^ in esperanto.
+
+1999-04-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * turkish/turkish.dtx : Incorporated corrections received quite
+ some time ago from "H. Turgut Uyar" (uyar at cs.itu.edu.tr)
+
+1999-04-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek.dtx, babel.dtx : Moved redefinition of \@roman and \@Roman
+ back the the greek language support because of the problems it
+ causes with the AMS document classes. This problem needs to be
+ solved in a different way; \@roman needs to be used in expansion
+ only places.
+ Reported by Jean-Francois Mertens (jfm at core.ucl.ac.be)(PR 3017)
+
+1999-04-13 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): The
+ redefinition of \bibcite didn't work for the natbib package; a
+ redefinition that works for natbib doesn't work without it.
+ Now bibcite defines itself during the processing of the .aux file
+ which is done *before* the \AtBeginDocument commands are executed.
+ Found by Niilo Siljamo (siljamo at sateenkaari.meteo.helsinki.fi)
+ (PR 3011) (babel 3.6s)
+
+1999-04-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Language options}): Re-instated the
+ loading of babel.def right at the begining of babel.sty as it is
+ needed to define \ProvidesLanguage. The need for postponing it has
+ gone, because \bbl@redefine is no longer used as a warning
+ mechanism against missing options (changed in 3.6p dd 9/4/99)
+ Found by Werner Struckmann (struck at ips.cs.tu-bs.de) (PR 3006) and
+ "Walter Schmidt" (wschmi at ibm.net) (PR 3014) babel 3.6r
+
+1999-04-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Encodig issues (part 1)}): The parsing of
+ \@filelist to determine the latinencoding turend out to fail when a
+ file with (default) extension .tex has been loaded. Now use
+ \@ifl@aded, assuming all encoding .def files have a ProvidesFile
+ entry. Found by "Igor A. Kotelnikov" (kotelnikov at nsu.ru),
+ suggesion by Vladimir Volovich (vvv at vvv.vsu.ru) babel 3.6q
+
+1999-04-10 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * polish.dtx : Replaced the word `Proof' with its translation
+ supplied by Andrzej Komisarski (andkom at kki.net.pl)
+
+1999-04-10 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Language options}): Added the options
+ ngerman and naustrian to support the new german orthography, as
+ supplied by "Walter Schmidt" (wschmi at ibm.net)
+
+1999-04-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{marks}): The solution for PR2990 wasn't
+ perfect; the arguments to the \mark... commands need to be stored
+ in a token register prior to using \edef.
+ (subsection{Language options}): Now check for the existence of
+ \bbl@main@language instead of redefining \bbl@redefine to detect
+ missing options.
+
+1999-04-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bahasa.dtx : February should be Pebruari according to
+ Mohammad DAMT (mdamt at cakraweb.com)
+
+ * babel.dtx : Changed the argument handlling of \process@line in
+ order to prevent a trailing space from becoming part of a control
+ sequence when defining a synonym
+ (from a line such as `=english %')
+ Found by Thomas Esser (te at informatik.uni-hannover.de), (PR 2851)
+
+1999-04-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{marks}): Removed th use of \head@lang in
+ passing the current language into the marks. This didn't work for
+ amsart.cls. Found a new solution wich works for the stansdard
+ document classes as well as for amsart.
+ Reported by Vittorio Coti Zelati (zelati at cds.unina.it) (PR 2990)
+
+1999-04-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Encodig issues}): Needed to move the
+ \AtBeginDocument test for the loading of fontenc right up front of
+ babel.sty; also added a test for `manual' selection of T1 without
+ loading fontenc (via \renewcommand\encodingdefault{T1}) as
+ suggested by Claudio Beccari (Beccari at polito.it)
+
+1999-04-05 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx : Had to implement a diferent way to check for fontenc
+ with T1 encoding; now pare \@filelst (PR 3002)
+
+1999-04-05 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Need to set
+ default values for lefthyphenmin and righthyphenmin globally now
+ that the patterns are read in a group.
+
+ * catalan.dtx, danish.dtx, dutch.dtx, estonian.dtx, finnish.dtx,
+ galician.dtx, polish.dtx, portuges.dtx, spanish.dtx, germanb.dtx,
+ swedish.dtx usorbian.dtx : changed the definition of "- as
+ \allowhyphens is a no-op with T1 now. That is alright for accented
+ letters but *not* for "- in these files.
+ Found by Niilo Siljamo (siljamo at sateenkaari.meteo.helsinki.fi)
+ (PR 2993, 2995)
+
+1999-04-03 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek/greek.dtx : Made \greeknumeral accept a counter as its
+ argument. found by Andreas Schwab
+ (schwab at issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de) (PR 3000)
+
+ * greek/greek.fdd : Got a new version from Apostolos; repaired a
+ few typo's found by Andreas Schwab
+ (schwab at issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de) (PR 2997)
+
+ * cyrillic/ukraineb.dtx (section{The Ukrainian language}):
+ Replaced \CYRUKRI with \CYRII in \authorname, typo, found by
+ Andrij Shvaika (ashv at icmp.lviv.ua)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Don't load babel.def from
+ babel.sty, but rather define \LdfInit temporarily in order to load
+ babel.def at the right time, preventing problems with the
+ temporary definition of \bbl at redefine; found by
+ Walter Schmidt (wschmi at ibm.net), PR 2987 and
+ Andreas Schwab (schwab at issan.cs.uni-dortmund.de), PR 2998
+
+1999-03-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * croatian.dtx : Changed an occurence of \od into \or; found by
+ Damir Medak (medak at geoinfo.tuwien.ac.at) (PR 2918)
+
+ * bahasa.dtx : February is Pebruary in bahasa Indonesia according
+ to Mohammad DAMT (mdamt at cakraweb.com)
+
+1999-03-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx : added the ukrainian option, provided by Vladimir
+ Volovich (TeX at vvv.vsu.ru) and Andrij Shvaika (ashv at icmp.lviv.ua)
+
+1999-02-28 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * slovak.dtx : repaired a few spelling mistakes found by
+ Peter Kral (Peter.Kral at swh.sk)
+
+1998-07-02 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Language attributes}): Added support for
+ language attributes.
+
+ * bbplain.dtx : Added defintion of \in@, needed for language
+ attributes.
+
+1998-06-27 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Added a definition of
+ \bbl@redefine before the call to \ProcessOptions. The idea is to
+ generate a sensible error message when the user forgets to
+ specifiy a language option.
+
+1998-06-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * norsk.dtx : Added the suggestions from Rune Kleveland
+ (runekl at math.uio.no) for the " shorthand.
+
+1998-06-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * germanb.dtx : Updated the coding for "f from german.dtx version
+ 2.5d after a discussion about this subject with Heiko Obrerdiek
+ (oberdiek at ruf.uni-freiburg.de)
+
+1998-06-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Changed definition
+ of \iflanguage using \bbl@afterelse, \@fristoftwo and
+ \@secondoftwo in order to evaluate the selected argument *after*
+ the \fi's have been seen by TeX. (PR 2800)
+ (oberdiek at ruf.uni-freiburg.de) Heiko Oberdiek)
+
+1998-06-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * install.txt: Changed installation instructions, *not*
+ advising them to rename hyphen.tex, but to use bplain.tex as a
+ replacement for plain.tex.
+
+ * bbplain.dtx: Added the source for the format replacement wrapper
+ files bplain.tex and blplain.tex. This is the result of a
+ discussion with a number of people about the permissabillity of
+ renaming hyphen.tex. Don Knuth doesn't allow it.
+
+ * germanb.dtx, polish.dtx, usorbian.dtx: changed the definition of
+ \mdqon and \mdqoff to use the new commands \shorthandon and
+ \shorthandoff.
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The user interface}: Added two commands,
+ \shorthandon and \shorthandoff as a more general solution to
+ PR2627.
+
+1998-03-28 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * all language definition files: use \def to define \today, in
+ order to prevent expansions at the wrong time.
+
+1998-03-27 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Changed the
+ redefenition of \bibcite to include \@safe@activesfalse in the
+ definition of the reference.
+
+1998-03-13 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Removed
+ \@safeactivesfalse from #3 of \@newl@bel and \@testdef
+
+1998-03-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Now also execute
+ \originalTeX from \foreignlanguage in order to reset a possibly
+ changed output encoding.
+
+1998-03-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Encodig issues}): Added the redefinition
+ of \TeX and \LaTeX to make them encoding independant.
+
+1998-03-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Encodig issues}): Use the T1 encoding when
+ it is a known encoding, otherwise use OT1 as latin encoding.
+
+1997-12-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Call
+ \@safe@activestrue instead of \set@display@protect which casued
+ errors.
+
+1997-11-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Removed the check for \write
+ being primitive. Problem solved in seminar.
+
+1997-11-13 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek.dtx : Received a new version from Apostolous; replaced the
+ \greeknumeral coding with an expandable solution
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Added the option
+ polutonikogreek for typesetting greek text with all accents.
+
+1997-11-04 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx : Removed the braces around #1 of \bbl@tempa in the
+ redefinition of \ProvidesFile in hyphen.cfg (PR 2659)
+ clase at mathematik.uni-freiburg.de ( Matthias Clasen )
+
+1997-10-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * frenchb.dtx: Received a new frenchb.dtx from Daniel Flippo
+
+1997-10-02 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * dutch.dtx : Added "/ for words written together, indicating a
+ choice as in uitdrukking/opmerking
+
+1997-10-01 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * all language definition files: use \edef to define \today; this
+ save memory, see classses.dtx for the motivation.
+
+1997-09-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * turkish.dtx : Added and modified a number of translation as
+ provided by "H. Turgut Uyar" (uyar at cs.itu.edu.tr)
+
+1997-09-17 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * frenchb.dtx: Received a new frenchb.dtx from Daniel Flippo.
+
+1997-09-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Added a check for \write
+ still being primitive. If not it might have been redefined as
+ \immediate\write and in such a case \protected@write needs to set
+ \protect to \noexpand instead of making it \@unexpandable@protect
+ in order to prevent a \protet kreeping in the .aux file. This
+ problem cropped op with the use of seminar.cls and was found by
+ Daniel FLIPO (flipo at univ-lille1.fr)
+
+1997-09-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * polish.dtx : Added translation of `Proof' and changed
+ translation of contents from `Spis rzeczy' as suggested by
+ Tomasz Michniewski (tomekm at ias.wat.waw.pl)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx : repaired a type (\expoandafter) and added missing
+ \endcsname (PR 2553, found by Nicolai Langfeldt (janl at math.uio.no))
+
+ * croatian.dtx : Replaced a number of translations with better
+ ones, provided by Kresimir Fresl (fresl at grad.hr)
+
+1997-04-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek.dtx : Selecting the greek language produced unwanted
+ whitespace because of lines such as \babel@save`\".
+ Found a few typos in the process.
+
+1997-04-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands for quotation marks}): The
+ definitions of \grq and \grqq should be dependent on the
+ fontencoding. Taken the code from german.sty (and adapted it to
+ babel). Found by: Stefan Illy (illy at itpgyro1.fzk.de) and
+ Bjoern Lorenz (lorenz at rz.charite.hu-berlin.de)
+
+1997-04-20 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek.dtx : made \greek@alph a synonym for \greeknumeral instead
+ of having it's own definition.
+
+1997-04-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx: Make multiple loading of babel.def impossible by
+ adding a check for the existence of \bbl@afterfi. This was
+ triggered by PR 2447 where french.sty loaded babel.def for a
+ second time.
+
+1997-04-03 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * dutch.dtx (and others): remove empty groups after quote
+ characters in the shorthand definitions (such as \quotedblbase) in
+ order to keep possible kerning.
+ (PR 2454, found by S\o ren Sandmann (sandmann at daimi.aau.dk))
+
+1997-04-01 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * dutch.dtx : The definition of "~ was faulty, (forgot to replace
+ `german' with `dutch'.
+ Found by Maarten Gelderman (mgelderman at econ.vu.nl)
+
+1997-03-21 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): The option
+ KeepShorthandsActive no longer defines a control sequence. This
+ didn't always work because of the order in which options are
+ processed. The presence of the option is now tested in babel.def
+ with \@ifpackagewith. (PR 2452)
+
+1997-03-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{Identification}): Added the macro
+ \ProvidesLanguage to identify language definition files instead of
+ using \ProvidesFile. This is done to prevent problems with the
+ dummy definition of \ProvidesFile for plain based formats. Some
+ other packages are confused by it. Now make sure that
+ \ProvidesFile remains undefined in plain based packages. (PR 2444)
+
+1997-03-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Added the possibilty to
+ add option declarations in a file called bblopts.cfg.
+
+ * kannada.dtx: Extended the user documentation with a description
+ of the various font changing commands.
+
+ * russianb.dtx : Removed the commands \textlatin, \latintext and
+ \latinencoding as they are now defined by babel.def.
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Encoding issues}): Added the commands
+ \textlatin, \latintext and \latinencoding to better support
+ languages that need a different fontencoding. These commands used
+ to be in russianb.dtx and greek.dtx.
+ (subsection{marks}): Added redefinition of \markright and
+ \markboth in order to be able to pass the language attribute to
+ the headlines.
+
+ * greek.dtx : Removed the commands \textlatin, \latintext and
+ \latinencoding as they are now defined by babel.def.
+ Removed the redefinition of \@roman and \@Roman which is also
+ moved to babel.def
+
+1997-03-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Added a default option
+ that loads the file \CurrentOption.ldf if it exists. If not an
+ error is signalled.
+
+1997-03-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek.dtx : Added the \greeknumeral and \Greeknumeral macros to
+ support (old) greek conventions for number notation.
+
+1997-03-06 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek.dtx : Also change some uppercase codes to get ridd of
+ accents and breathings in uppercase. (from kdgreek.sty)
+
+1997-03-01 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Make shorthands active
+ during the processing of the .aux file; this is at least needed to
+ get citations correct. (PR2428)
+ (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Added a redefinition of
+ \@newl@bel, which replaces the redefinitions of \@lbibitem and
+ \newlabel. This needed to make the handling of citations correct.
+ Changed the definition of \@testdef to match \@newl@bel
+
+
+1997-02-28 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Added the
+ setting of the @safe@actives switch in \@testdef; shorthands might
+ occure in the first or second argument.
+
+1997-02-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Now reset the
+ safe@actives switch *inside* the second and third arguments of
+ \ifthenelse in order to be able to use shorthands there.
+ Suggested by Olaf Kummer (kummer at informatik.uni-hamburg.de) in
+ PR 2421.
+
+1997-02-24 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * estonian.dtx : One \changes entry was mistakenly pointing to
+ dutch.
+
+ * magyar.dtx : One \changes entry was mistakenly pointing to
+ dutch.
+
+ * dutch.dtx : Changed a \changes entry, replace "\~ with "\~{} to
+ prevent error messages.
+ (found by Ingo Saitz (ingo at baer.schneiderberg6.de), PR 2426)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Now always start the user
+ group of shorthands with the name `user' because of the provided
+ definition for the case with an empty argument.
+
+1997-02-23 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): commented out \peek@token
+ and \test@token because shorthands are made expandable again.
+ (subsection{Shorthands}): Changed \@decl@short in such a way that
+ the control sequence that is constructed is different for a
+ shorthand with no argument and for a shorthand with an empty
+ argument.
+
+1997-02-20 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Made \bbl@afterelse and
+ \bbl@afterfi \long in order to be able to handle \par
+ as the argument of a shorthand. This is needed in order to make
+ shorthands fully expandable again.
+
+1997-02-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek.dtx : Added command \greek@tilde to stand for the tilde
+ character; change definition of \~ to produce the tilde character
+ when in greek typesetting. This is necessary to produce the
+ desired ligature effect.
+ Found by Rizos Sakellariou (rizos at cs.man.ac.uk) and by
+ David Kastrup (dak at neuroinformatik.ruhr-uni-bochum.de) as PR 2422.
+
+1997-02-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * spanish.dtx : Metion in the user documentation that the
+ '-character is only active when the option `activeacute' is
+ specified.
+ Found by Josep Maria Font (font at cerber.mat.ub.es)
+
+ * catalan.dtx : Added \l.l and \L.L to the table listing the
+ special definitions for catalan.
+ Found by Josep Maria Font (font at cerber.mat.ub.es)
+
+1997-02-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * english.dtx : fixed small documentation bug
+ Found by Josep Maria Font (font at cerber.mat.ub.es)
+
+1997-02-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx : Added sanskrit to the driver files
+
+ * bbcompat.dtx: Added sanskrit
+
+ * babel.ins: Added the processing of sanskrit.dtx
+
+1997-02-06 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * croatian.dtx : sijev{c}nja should be seij\v{c}nja and there
+ should be a period after the year.
+ Found by Ivo Batistic (ivo at ifs.hr)
+
+1997-01-24 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * sanskrit.dtx : Update Jan Takashima's original file to babel
+ release 3.6
+
+1997-01-23 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added a couple of
+ \expandafters to the end of hyphen.cfg as \toks8 is now cleared by
+ LaTeX (release 1996/12/01), now copy contents of \toks into
+ \everyjob instead of reference.
+ (found by Richard Walker (Richard.Walker at cs.anu.edu.au) PR 2382
+ Ulrik Vieth (vieth at thphy.uni-duesseldorf.de) PR 2385 and
+ Vincent Jalby (jalby at unilim.fr))
+
+ * babel.ins: Added missing \usepreamble\mainpreamble line; changed
+ 1996 in 1997.
+
+ * finnish.dtx: Forgot to remove the code that is now part of
+ \LdfInit; hence babel.def was loaded twice which led to TeX fatal
+ errors.
+ (found by Niilo Siljamo (Niilo.Siljamo at Helsinki.FI) PR 2386)
+
+1997-01-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx : Got the order of cs's wrong in the definition of
+ \@tempcntb (found by Ricardo S. C\'armenes
+ (carmenes at biosun.quimica.uniovi.es) PR 2376)
+
+1997-01-17 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx: Somehow a lonely '+' had found its way into babel.dtx
+ on a line of its own. Removed
+ (found by Maarten Gelderman (mgelderman at ECON.VU.NL))
+
+1997-01-14 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Optionally disable the
+ restoration of the category code of shorthand characters for those
+ who want to have them available in the preamble of the document.
+ (suggested by Tomas Bautista (bautista at cma.ulpgc.es))
+
+ * dutch.dtx : Added the "~ shorthand (copied from germanb.dtx) as
+ suggested on TEX-NL at nic.surfnet.nl
+
+ * bbplain.dtx : missing \@undefined added to definition of
+ \@begindocumenthook; \newcount is an \outer macro, so it can't be
+ used directly inside an \if test.
+ (found by Daniel Flippo)
+
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Added
+ \bbl@redefine@long to be able to redefine \ifthenelse as a
+ \long-command (PR2372)
+ Changed redefinition of \ifthenelse to make it a \long-command
+ (PR2372)
+
+1997-01-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * frenchb.dtx : allow \l@french and \l@francais to be the `name'
+ of the hyphenation patterns; make \l@frenchb an alias for that.
+ Use frenchb.cfg as the name of the .cfg file, regardless of the
+ option that was used.
+ (subsection{Formatting numbers}): New macros \nombre \decimalsep
+ and \thousandsep added to format numbers
+ (subsection{Extra utilities}): Removed \AllTeX, \fup, \french and
+ \english
+
+ * babel.ins: Added .fd files to instructions at the end
+ (found by Piet van Oostrum (piet at cs.ruu.nl) PR 2367)
+
+ * greek.fdd (section{The encoding definition file}): Added
+ (re)definitins of the \TeX and \LaTeX commands to make them
+ encoding independant; added LGR versions of \copyright,
+ \texttrademark, \textregistered and \ss
+
+ * cyrillic.fdd (section{The encoding definition files}): Added
+ (re)definitins of the \TeX and \LaTeX commands to make them
+ encoding independant; added LCY/LWN versions of \copyright,
+ \texttrademark, \textregistered and \ss
+ (found by J"org Knappen (tex at dzdmza.zdv.uni-mainz.de), PR 2357)
+
+1997-01-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * spanish.dtx,galician.dtx : Added \leavevmode to the definitinos
+ of "a and "o because TeX generated an error when they were used in
+ vertical mode.
+ (found by Eric Gamess (eric at borabora.univalle.edu.co), PR 2363)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Added the options
+ frenchb, UKenglish and USenglish (all aliases)
+ (found by Daniel Flippo and Vincent Jalby (jalby at unilim.fr))
+
+1997-01-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * galician.dtx : Removed unwanted space tokens by adding a
+ %-token at the end of the lines with babel@save in the definition
+ of \extrasgalician. They turned up in the output. (just like for
+ spanish.dtx)
+
+ * catalan.dtx : Removed unwanted space tokens by adding a
+ %-token at the end of the lines with babel@save in the definition
+ of \extrascatalan. They turned up in the output. (just like for
+ spanish.dtx)
+
+1997-01-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * greek.fdd (section{The font definition files}): In some font
+ substitutions kdgr hadn't been replaced with cmr.
+ (found by J"org Knappen, PR2358)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Introduced
+ \foreign@language for the shared code between the otherlanguage*
+ environment and the \foreignlanguage command.
+ Switch off language shorthands before activating the extras (to
+ prevent that the shorthands from one language are still available
+ in the other.
+ Add \relax after the setting of the hyphenmin parameters to
+ prevent the disappearance of a token (when it happens to be a
+ digit, such as \number\day).
+ (found by Daniel Hempel (daniel at math.uni-hamburg.de) PR2362)
+
+ * spanish.dtx : Removed two unwanted space tokens by adding a
+ %-token at the end of the lines with babel@save in the definition
+ of \extrasspanish. They turned up in the output.
+ (found by Daniel Hempel (daniel at math.uni-hamburg.de) PR2362)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx (section{Support for formats based on
+ \textsc{plain}\TeX}): add definition of \@begindocumenthook to the
+ LaTeX2.09 format; otherwise it won't function without one of the
+ languages loaded.
+ (found by Olaf Weber (Olaf.Weber at cwi.nl))
+
+1997-01-06 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * dutch.dtx (section{The Dutch language}): Use Bew"ys instead of
+ Bewijs (PR 2360, J"org Knappen)
+
+ * esperant.dtx (section{The Esperanto language}): Fixed typo in
+ table caption (funtion -) function) (PR 2360, Knappen)
+
+ * tb1202.tex, tb1401.tex: fixed a few typos found by Ulrik Vieth,
+ (vieth at thphy.uni-duesseldorf.de) (PR 2356)
+
+1997-01-05 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): When \LdfInit is
+ undefined we need to load babel.def from babel.sty.
+ When \file{hyphen.cfg} is not loaded in the format \cs{l@english}
+ might not be defined; assume english is language 0 before calling
+ \main@language{english}.
+ (found by J"org Knappen (tex at mzdmza.zdv.uni-mainz.de) PR2354)
+
+1997-01-02 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx : The redefinition of \dump tried to detect
+ LaTeX2.09; it did that with \document; that cs is also defined by
+ AMSTeX, hence an error occured building a Babel-AMSTeX format.
+ Now use \@ztryfc to detect LaTeX2.09 (Hope that is obscure
+ enough). (Found by Thomas Esser)
+
+1996-12-30 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Support for extending macros}): Added a
+ check for an expansion of \relax to the definition of \addto;
+ \addto\x{...} yields \x -> {\x ...} when \x expands to \relax.
+ This results in a stack overflow when \x is called.
+
+1996-12-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * italian.dtx, russian.dtx : Added braces around second argument
+ of \LdfInit
+ (found by (tim at maths.tcd.ie) (Timothy Murphy), PR 2384)
+
+ --------------------------------------------------------
+1996-12-24 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ Release 3.6
+
+1996-12-14 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Added the option
+ `welsh'.
+
+1996-11-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): \selectlanguage now
+ checks for the existence of \date<lang> instead of \l@<lang>. The
+ latter might be defined, without the language definition file
+ being loaded.
+
+1996-10-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Renamed \init@ldf
+ and \finish@ldf to \LdfInit, \ldf@finish and introduce
+ \quit@ldf. The second argument of \ldf@init can now be either a
+ control sequence or a string to be passed to \csname.
+ (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Added (conditional)
+ redefinition of \@@vpageref (varioref internal macro) to prevent
+ problems with active characters (PR 2292)
+
+1996-10-17 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added the commands
+ \init@ldf and \finish@ldf to ease the maintenance of the
+ .ldf-files.
+
+1996-10-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): \main@language now
+ also sets \languagename and \l@<languagename> for use by other
+ packages in the preamble of a document
+ (suggested by Jan Vroonhof (vroonhof at math.ethz.ch))
+
+1996-10-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx : Make this file be processed twice, once during
+ format generation, but only a small portion of the file is loaded
+ into the format, the second time the file is processed is when it
+ is loaded from babel.def. This way some code that is not needed in
+ the format gets removed and the plain format with babel is no
+ longer incompatible with german.sty.
+
+1996-10-04 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * dutch.dtx: Merged in the definitions for `afrikaans' as supplied
+ by Stoffel Lombard (lombc at b31pc87.up.ac.za)
+
+ * bbcompat.dtx: Added support for `afrikaans'
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Added option `afrikaans'
+
+1996-09-21 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * slovene.dtx : removed shorthand for \texttt{"L} as it is not
+ needed for slovenian according to Primoz Peterlin
+ (peterlin at biofiz.mf.uni-lj.si).
+
+1996-09-20 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * catalan.dtx : Added a check for mathmode to the definitino of
+ \lgem and \Lgem, as the use of these in mathmode makes no sense
+ according to Goncal Badenes. Not having the check led to an error
+ message (PR 2261)
+
+1996-08-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * polish.dtx : The macros \sob, \spb and \skb need to call
+ \leavevmode; when they are encountered in vertical mode TeX issues
+ an error about \lower not being allowed in vertical mode. (found
+ by Wlodzimierz Macewicz (macewicz at ia.pw.edu.pl))
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): In order to
+ prevent problems while reading .fd files in the middle of a
+ document we need to add the " and ' characters to \nfss@catcodes
+ untill LaTeX does that herself. (found by Tomas Bautista
+ (bautista at cma.ulpgc.es))
+
+1996-08-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx : Added default (semi-NFSS2) definition of \ss and
+ \i because german.sty in combination with a babel format creates
+ an endless lopp on those glyphs. (Found by Bernd Raichle)
+
+ * danish.dtx : According to Peter Busk Laursen the shorthand "'
+ needs to typeset the german closing double quote (``). He also
+ suggested to add the definitions for "~ and "=
+
+1996-08-13 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Top level expansion of
+ \normal@char<char> where the shorthand character is already active
+ should be the expansion of the active character, not the active
+ character itself as this causes an endless loop (found by Tomas
+ Bautista (bautista at cma.ulpgc.es))
+
+1996-08-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Redefinition
+ of \ifthenelse added to circumvent problems with \pageref in the
+ argument of \isodd (PR's 947, 2053, 2150, 2225)
+
+1996-08-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bahasa.dtx: Added the setting of the hyphenmin parameters
+ (PR2232)
+
+1996-07-13 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbcompat.dtx: Added .sty files and definition of \CurrentOption
+ for language definition files that are loaded by more than one
+ option
+
+1996-07-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * frenchb.dtx: moved support for multiple options using the same
+ .ldf file out of babel.sty into .ldf file.
+ Rearranged .dtx file to remove long lines of documentation and
+ code.
+
+1996-07-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Moved all code necessary
+ to support multiple options to load the same language definition
+ file into those language definition files. (PR2213)
+
+ * portuges.dtx, norsk.dtx, magyar.dtx: moved support for multiple
+ options using the same .ldf file out of babel.sty into .ldf
+ files.
+
+1996-07-10 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx : Added the definition of \scriptsize,
+ \textquoteright and \textquotedblright (PR 2216)
+
+ * language definition files : Consistently use \@undefined instead
+ of \undefined and \@empty instead of \empty (PR 2213)
+
+ * english.dtx, german.dtx : moved support for multiple options
+ using the same .ldf file out of babel.sty into .ldf files.
+
+1996-07-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx : Consistently use \@undefined instead of \undefined
+ and remove the use of \patterns@loaded (PR 2213)
+ Added definition of \@empty; use it instead of \empty
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Removed the use of
+ the control sequence \bbl@eq@ (PR 2213)
+ (section{Identification}): Save a few csnames by using \bbl@tempa
+ instead of \@ProvidesFile store the \everyjob message immediately
+ in \toks8 (PR 2213)
+ Consistently use \@undefined instead of \undefined (PR 2213)
+ Use \@empty instead of \empty to be consistent with \LaTeX
+ (PR 2133)
+
+ * bahasa.dtx : Added translation of `Proof' as suggested by
+ knappen at vkpmzd.kph.uni-mainz.de (J"org Knappen) (PR 2214)
+
+ ** released Babel 3.6-beta **
+
+1996-07-06 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dst: Added the generation of the font description files to
+ the main installation file. (PR 2208)
+
+ * babel.dtx : added greek to the driver files, input russianb.dtx
+ instead of russian.dtx, define \Babel in driver file (PR 2209)
+ Removed an extra closing brace in changes entry for \dj (PR 2208)
+
+ * esperant.dtx : Added translation of `Proof' as suggested by
+ knappen at vkpmzd.kph.uni-mainz.de (J"org Knappen) (PR 2207)
+
+1996-05-30 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * germanb.dtx : added \allowhyphens in the definitions of "a, "o,
+ "u, "A, "O, "U, because the underlying macro \lower@umlaut can not
+ cntain a \allowhyphens. The reason is that for *dutch* we need to
+ use discretionaries for these same characters in order to make the
+ trema disappear at a word break. A \allowhyphens inside one of the
+ arguments of \discretiionary leads to a TeX error.
+
+1996-05-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added an environment
+ otherlanguage* wich does not switch the captions and date strings,
+ only hyphenation and extras.
+
+1996-04-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * magyar.dtx : Added translation of `Proof' as suggested by
+ Alexin Zoltan (alexin at sol.cc.u-szeged.hu) and changed some of the
+ translations as suggested by Peter Rajczy (rajczy at caesar.elte.hu).
+
+1996-04-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}):
+ \bbl@redefinerobust made non-robust macros; fixed adding \space in
+ the final line of code.
+
+1996-04-02 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Umlauts and trema's}): Added a
+ \allowhyphens in the definition of \lower@umlaut
+
+1996-04-01 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * norsk.dtx : Added translation of `Proof' as suggested by
+ Orjan Johansen (oerjan at matstat.unit.no)
+
+1996-03-28 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Letters}): Replaced the definitions of
+ \dj@ and \DJ@ with the ones found in PR 2058 (contributed by
+ Sime Ungar (ungar at math.hr) and David Carlisle)
+
+1996-03-06 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Added a system level
+ shorthand for the ` to prevent an endless loop when the user
+ enters `{}blah in his document.
+
+ * catalan.dtx : Added `` as a shorthand for the double left quote;
+ getting a single quote and an accented letter from the input ``a
+ is not quit what would be expected.
+
+1996-02-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * czech.dtx (section{The Czech language}): Fixed tow errors found
+ by Petr Sojka (sojka at daeron.fi.muni.cz) (PR #2082) and added
+ translation for `Proof'
+
+1996-01-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Store and restore the lccode
+ of the ~-character so it remains unchanged by
+ \initiate@active@char
+
+1996-01-24 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Macros common to a number of languages}):
+ Moved \german@dq@disc, \usorbian@dq@disc and \swedish@dq@disc to
+ babel.def, changing the name to \bbl@disc
+
+1996-01-21 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Revert the
+ previous change; \@setref gets expanded too late which results in
+ TeX errors because the active character isn't redefined when TeX
+ tries to use it in constructing a csname.
+
+1996-01-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Redefine
+ \@setref instead of \ref and \pageref for LaTeX2e. This (partly)
+ solves PR0947 which complains about pageref being used in the
+ argument of \ifthenelse. This now works as long as the label
+ doesn't contain active characters.
+
+1996-01-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * croatian.dtx : Added translation of the word `Proof' and changed
+ the definition of \datecroatian according to the suggestion by
+ Sime Ungar (ungar at math.hr) in bug report 2060.
+
+1996-01-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Use
+ \strip@prefix only on bbl@tempa (in \@testdef) when \bbl@tempa <>
+ \relax!
+
+1996-01-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx: Added the code that implements \newcommand (or
+ enough of it to make \ProvideTextCommandDefault and friends
+ work).
+
+1996-01-10 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Now use frenchb.dtx from
+ Daniel Flipo as the source for french support in Babel.
+
+1996-01-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Deal with charcters that are
+ already active: define the top level expansion inside the \if
+ branch of the category code test; define all lower level expansion
+ macros needed for the shorthand stuff after of the \else branch
+ (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Complete rewrite of
+ \@testdef using meaning to prevent endless complaints from LaTeX
+ about possibly changed labels.
+
+1995-12-01 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands}): Reset the category code of a
+ shorthand char at the end of the package and re-activate it at
+ begin document.
+
+1995-11-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * tb1202.tex, tb1401.tex: Made it possible to run it through LaTeX
+ without having ltugboat.cls available; also updated address
+ information.
+
+ * portuges.dtx : Added translation of the word `Proof' for both
+ Portuguese and Brazilian
+
+1995-11-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx: Add execution of the begin document hook to
+ \@preamblecmds for LaTeX2.09
+
+1995-11-17 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx: Added \@onlypreamble and handling of this
+
+1995-11-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Changed the
+ definition of \selectlanguage and \selectlanguage_; the former no
+ longer processes its argument, that task is now performed by
+ \selectlanguage_
+
+1995-11-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Added the
+ commands \bbl@redefine and \bbl@redefinerobust and used them to
+ redefine \newlabel, \@testdef, \ref, \pageref, \label, \@citex,
+ \nocite, \bibcite, \@bibitem, \@lbibitem
+
+1995-11-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * francais.dtx : Added setting of the lowercase code of the ' to
+ improve hyphenation
+
+1995-11-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * galician.dtx : Added '' as shorthand to produce the expected
+ effect.
+
+1995-11-10 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * catalan.dtx : Added setting of the lowercase code of the ' to
+ improve hyphenation
+ (As suggested by Claudio Beccari (BECCARI at polito.it))
+
+ * italian.dtx : Added setting of the lowercase code of the ' to
+ improve hyphenation
+ (As suggested by Claudio Beccari (BECCARI at polito.it))
+
+ * romanian.dtx : Added translation of the word `Proof'
+
+1995-11-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bbplain.dtx: Added the code that `snatched' \dump as it is still
+ needed for LaTeX 2.09
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Removed the code
+ that `snatched' \dump as it is no longer needed for LaTeX.
+
+1995-11-06 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): No longer use
+ \bblref_ as a cs; instead use \ref_ and check if it isn't defined
+ already. (PR 1851)
+
+1995-11-03 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * slovene.dtx : New translation of Index; replaced slovanian with
+ slovenian.
+
+ * swedish.dtx : Added translation of Proof (PR 1904)
+
+1995-09-05 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * germanb.dtx : Use \glqq, \grqq, \flqq and \frqq in the
+ definitions of "` "' "< and ">
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands for quotation marks}): Use
+ \textormath in the definitions; added some kerning for german
+ right quotation marks.
+
+ * catalan.dtx: Added '| to disable the accent when an apostrophe
+ is wanted.
+
+1995-08-31 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * germanb.dtx : Added \allowhyphens to the accent producing
+ shorthands. Not having it prevented hyphenation for accented words
+ in OT1 encoding. Having it means that TeX possibly misses a
+ possible breakpoint. Putting \allowhyphens into the definition of
+ \lower@umlaut (which would make it not appear at all in T1
+ encoding) is a no-no because it leads to improper discretionary
+ errors for dutch (were trema's have to disappear when the word is
+ hyphenated next to the trema). (PRs 1118, 1147, 1714, 1846)
+
+1995-08-30 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added a missing
+ %-character in the definition of \selectlanguage (PR1841)
+
+ * francais.dtx : Added a missing %-character in the definition of
+ \captionsfrancais (PR1841)
+
+1995-08-17 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * spanish.dtx, catalan.dtx, galician.dtx: Combining
+ \initiate@active@char and \bbl@activate in one \@ifpackagewith
+ statement leads to an error message about an \inaccessible control
+ sequence from \select@language. For now split these statements.
+
+1995-08-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Shorthands for quotation marks}):
+ Corrected the spelling of \quil... to \guil...
+
+1995-07-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * francais.dtx : Removed the \space from the definition of the
+ shorthands. It is not necessary.
+
+1995-07-27 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * esperant.dtx: Added a few ^-shorthands
+
+ * estonian.dtx : Removed the code to change category and oher
+ codes.
+
+ * italian.dtx : Added translation of the word `Proof'
+
+ * estonian.dtx : Added translation of the word `Proof'; fixed bug
+ where the second argument of \DeclareShorthand was missing.
+
+1995-07-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * slovene.dtx,finnish.dtx : Added translation of the word `Proof'
+
+ * irish.dtx : load irish.cfg instead of danish.cfg
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Use \empty instead
+ of \@empty in the test for the hyphenation exception file; \@empty
+ is undefined in plain.
+
+ * bbplain.dtx: Added definition of \loadlocalcfg for plain (found
+ by Enn Saar)
+
+1995-07-10 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * catalan.dtx : Added translation of the word `Proof'
+
+1995-07-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * spanish.dtx, galician.dtx: made the use of the active acute
+ accent optional.
+
+1995-07-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * catalan.dtx: Removed support for ~n; add `` and '' as
+ shorthands.
+
+1995-07-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * francais.dtx, breton.dtx: Postpone the declaration of the
+ TextCompositeCommands untill \AtBeginDocument
+
+1995-07-04 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Added the options
+ activegrave and activeacute.
+
+ * catalan.dtx: Made the activation of the grave and acute accents
+ optional
+
+ * esperant.dtx, dutch.dtx, english.dtx, germanb.dtx, breton.dtx,
+ irish.dtx, scottish.dtx, italian.dtx, portuges.dtx, swedish.dtx,
+ magyar.dtx, croatian.dtx, czech.dtx, estonian.dtx, polish.dtx,
+ romanian.dtx, slovak.dtx, slovene.dtx, turkish.dtx, lsorbian.dtx,
+ usorbian.dtx, bahas.dtx: Added \proofname to captions and added
+ loading local configuration file.
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Use a
+ different control sequence for making \ref and \pageref robust to
+ prevent a clash with the showkeys package.
+
+1995-07-03 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * galician.dtx: Changed behaviour of 'a etc. to expand to
+ "^{\prime} a" in mathmode.
+
+ * spanish.dtx: Changed behaviour of 'a etc. to expand to
+ "^{\prime} a" in mathmode; added \proofname to captions; added
+ loading local configuration file.
+
+ * catalan.dtx: Added Goncal's changes; changed behaviour of 'a
+ etc. to expand to "^{\prime} a" in mathmode; added \proofname to
+ captions; added \llgem and \Lgem; added loading local
+ configuration file.
+
+1995-07-02 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * galician.dtx: Added comments from Manual Carriba, added
+ \proofname to captions; added seting of \frenchspacing and added
+ loading local configuration file.
+
+ * francais.dtx: Also allow the hyphenation patterns to be loaded
+ for `french', added \proofname to captions; and added loading
+ local configuration file.
+
+ * finnish.dtx: Now also has active double quote; added by Niilo
+ Siljamo (siljamo at cc.helsinki.fi), added \proofname to captions;
+ and added loading local configuration file.
+
+ * danish.dtx : Added \proofname to captions; added seting of
+ \frenchspacing and added loading local configuration file.
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Load language definition
+ files *after* manipulating with the identifaction of the
+ hyphenation patterns; load french.ldf (from Bernard Gaulle's
+ french package) if it exists.
+
+1995-06-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added missing brace
+ in definition of \@activated for plain TeX, found by
+ te at informatik.uni-hannover.de
+
+1995-06-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * estonian.dtx: corrected typos
+
+1995-06-14 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx : Changed the order of typesetting the documentation
+ for the various languages (PR1652)
+
+ * scottish, irish.dtx, esperant.dtx, spanish.dtx, babel.dtx,
+ glyphs.dtx: corrected typos (PR1652)
+
+ * language.dat: finally corrected typo langauge (PR1656)
+
+ * babel.dst: corrected typos (ldfle -> style, PR1654)
+
+ * install.txt: corrected typo (PR1653)
+
+1995-06-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * danish.dtx: Added active double quote character as suggested by
+ Peter Busk Laursen.
+
+1995-06-06 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * estonian.dtx: New language definition file, provided by Enn
+ Saar, updated for Babel release 3.5
+
+ * scottish.dtx: New language definition file
+
+1995-06-04 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * polish.dtx: Update for babel release 3.5
+
+ * slovene.dtx : Introduced the active " for this language; used
+ for accessing hacek characters and other common usage.
+
+ * portuges.dtx: Added brasilian captions, the usage of
+ "-shorthands and macros for ordinals.
+
+ * dutch.dtx : added "" shorthand
+
+1995-06-03 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * francais.dtx : Added system level shorthands for the active
+ characters to prevent them from gobbling up a following space
+
+1995-06-02 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * swedish.dtx: Use \finnishhyphenmins to store the correct values
+ of \lefthyphenmin and \righthyphenmin as suggested in PR1606.
+
+1995-05-29 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * swedish.dtx: Updated for release 3.5
+
+1995-05-28 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * swedish.dtx: Updated for release 3.5
+
+ * usorbian.dtx: Updated for release 3.5
+
+ * italian.dtx: Updated for release 3.5
+
+1995-05-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Added the option
+ brazilian as an alternative for brazil; added the copying of
+ \<lang>hyphenmins when alternatives are provided.
+
+ * romanian.dtx: Updated for release 3.5
+
+1995-05-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * turkish.dtx: Updated for release 3.5
+
+ * finnish.dtx: Added setting of \frenchspacing for finnish text
+
+1995-05-13 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * finnish.dtx: Use \finnishhyphenmins to store the correct values
+ of \lefthyphenmin and \righthyphenmin as suggested in PR1606;
+ also set a number of hyphenation parameters, as suggested in
+ PR1027.
+
+ * germanb.dtx: Use \germanhyphenmins to store the correct values
+ of \lefthyphenmin and \righthyphenmin.
+
+ * dutch.dtx: Use \dutchhyphenmins to store the correct values of
+ \lefthyphenmin and \righthyphenmin.
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Changed
+ \selectlanguage to first store the name of the current language in
+ a control sequence and then passing the contents of the control
+ sequence to \selectlanguage_ instead of passing the entire
+ construct which strips the optional escape character.
+ Seperated the setting of \lefthyphenmin and \righthyphenmin, using
+ the new macro \set@hyphenmins. The values shoud be stored in
+ \<language>hyphenmins.
+ No longer store the values of \lefthyphenmin and \righthyphenmin
+ which were set in the pattern file through code in
+ \extras<language>, but store them in \<language>hyphenmins.
+
+1995-05-05 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * finnish.dtx: Updated for release 3.5
+ * bahasa.dtx: Updated for release 3.5
+
+1995-05-03 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * tb1401.tex: Changed name from babel-new.tex and updated the
+ coding to make it processable with LaTeX2e
+
+ * tb1202.tex: Changed name from tb-article.tex and updated the
+ coding to make it processable with LaTeX2e
+
+1995-04-28 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added the
+ possibility to add a the name of a file with hyphenation
+ exceptions to the configuration file language.dat. Now also
+ support `synonyms' for languages. Both on request from Bernard
+ Gaulle.
+
+1995-03-14 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{The Package File}): Changed the extension of
+ the languages definition files to .ldf to clearly distinguish them
+ for the files in the previous release.
+
+ * magyar.dtx: Updated for release 3.5
+ * galician.dtx: Updated for release 3.5, using the new active
+ character handling mechanism.
+ * catalan.dtx: Updated for release 3.5, using the new active
+ character handling mechanism.
+ * spanish.dtx: Updated for release 3.5, using the new active
+ character handling mechanism.
+ * portuges.dtx: Updated for release 3.5
+ * lsorbian.dtx: new file in release 3.5
+ * languages.skeleton: Updated for release 3.5
+
+1995-03-10 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Support for active characters}): Added a
+ check for the ' in \initiate@active@char
+ Replaced 16 system level shorthands to deal with hexadecimal
+ numbers by one.
+ Added a system shorthand for the '; when it is active its usage in
+ mathmode needs special care.
+
+1995-03-07 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Made \ref and
+ \pageref robust to prevent the problem reported in PR 1353.
+
+1995-03-04 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Changed the name of
+ \p@selectlanguage to \csname selectlanguage \endcsname;
+ Rewrote the entire handling of active chars.
+
+1995-02-17 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added \main@language
+ to be able to postpone the execution of \selectlanguage. It now
+ also happens only once, not for every language loaded.
+
+1995-02-16 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsubsection{Support for active `hat'}): this
+ section added.
+
+1995-02-15 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * germanb.dtx: Removed a lot of code that is now present in
+ babel.def (things like \flqq, the double quote mechanism, etc.);
+ Use \Declaredq now.
+ Brought up to date with german.sty version 2.5b
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added the command
+ \@activated to be used for logging when characters are made
+ active. Introduced the \if@safe@actives switch which should be
+ checked on the highest level expansion of an active
+ character. This first expansion is defined by \UseActive.
+ (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Removed the meaning trick
+ and introduced the use of the \if@safe@actives switch. Not all
+ cross referencing macros need to be aware of this switch.
+
+ * dutch.dtx: Moved the definition of the opening quote character
+ and \ij and \IJ to glyphs.dtx
+
+ * glyphs.dtx (section{Making glyphs available}): New file to
+ collect all definitions of missing glyphs for all languages. The
+ code will be part of babel.def
+
+1995-02-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Support for active characters}): Added
+ \Activate and \Deactivate instead of \Activatedq and \Deactivatedq
+ as this form is more generic.
+
+1995-02-11 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * english.dtx: Moved identification code to the top.
+
+1995-02-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * esperant.dtx: Moved identification code to the top.
+
+1995-02-04 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * dutch.dtx: Updated this language definition file to make use of
+ the new support macros. Also implemented support for both OT1 and
+ T1 encoding. Changed the kerning in the faked ij-characters to
+ match the dc-versions more closely.
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Support for active double quote}): Added
+ this section with generic macros to support making the double
+ quote character active. A language definition file now only needs
+ call \Activatedq and use \Declaredq{}{}{} to define its actions.
+
+1995-02-01 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * english.dtx (section{The English language}): Only define
+ american as a dialect when no patterns have been loaded for it.
+ (PR #735)
+
+1995-01-31 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * polish.dtx (section{The Polish language}): The definition of "C
+ incorrectly used \'c instead of \'C. (PR #1401)
+
+ * turkish.dtx (section{The Turkish language}): removed an extra
+ closing brace and added a missing \def (PR #1397)
+ \mont should be \month (PR #1398)
+
+1995-01-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{Identification}): lthyphen.cfg has changed
+ its name; now called hyphen.cfg.
+ (section{The Package File}): Added a warning about using T1
+ fontencoding giving unexpected results.
+
+1994-11-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * galician.dtx (section{The Catalan language}): Added a few
+ missing translations and corrected marzal to marzo in the date.
+
+ * catalan.dtx (section{The Catalan language}): Added a few
+ missing translations.
+
+ * portuges.dtx (section{The Portuguese language}): Added a few
+ missing translations.
+
+1994-08-30 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Cross referencing macros}): Moved the last
+ %</def> inside the macrocode environment. Noted by Frank Poppe
+ (poppe at swov.nl)
+
+1994-08-26 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dst: fixed typo (lhyphen -> lthyphen)
+
+1994-07-12 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * finnish.dtx: Added a `.' after the day in the output of \today
+ for finnish
+
+1994-07-03 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{Identification}): The line with \ProvidesFile
+ was missing from both babel.drv and user.drv.
+ Added code to \process@language to detect whether the patterns
+ file also contains assignments to \left- and \righthyphenmin. When
+ it doesn't supply a default setting of 2 and 3; store the setting
+ in \extras<language>. Added \@nopatterns, to be used in the
+ language specific files.
+ Also use \PackageError and \PackageWarning when they are
+ available.
+
+ * language.dat : Commented out dutch, used the default name for
+ the american english hyphenation patterns, hyphen.tex. Added a
+ (commented out) line showing ukhyphen.tex.
+
+1994-06-30 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * language.skeleton: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * slovak.dtx: Removed the references to babel.com
+
+ * finnish.dtx: Removed the references to babel.com
+
+1994-06-26 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bahasa.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * turkish.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * slovene.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * romanian.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * polish.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * czech.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * magyar.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * finnish.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * swedish.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * norsk.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * danish.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * galician.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+ Renamed \acute and \tilde to \texacute and \texttilde because of a
+ clash with \mathaccent's
+
+ * catalan.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+ Renamed \acute and \tilde to \texacute and \texttilde because of a
+ clash with \mathaccent's
+
+ * spanish.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * portuges.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * italian.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * francais.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * germanb.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * english.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * dutch.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+1994-06-25 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * esperant.dtx: Removed the use of \filedate, moved the
+ identification after the loading of babel.def and use \@nopatterns
+ to produce the warning
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added \@nopatterns,
+ to be used in the language specific files. Also use \PackageError
+ and \PackageWarning when they are available.
+
+1994-06-24 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx (section{Identification}): redid this bit and made
+ sure the files are processable with plain TeX. Supply a dummy
+ definition of \ProvidesFile.
+ (subsection{Multiple languages}): Added code to
+ \process@language to detect whether the patterns file also
+ contains assignments to left- and righthyphenmin. When it doesn't
+ supply a default setting of 2 and 3; store the setting in
+ \extras<language>.
+
+
+1994-06-09 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * esperant.dtx: Removed a superfluous | from the code that
+ activates the ^
+
+1994-06-08 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * Makefile: added install.txt
+
+1994-06-05 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * babel.dtx: Repaired mal-formed changes entries (`babel~' was
+ missing.
+
+ * italian.dtx: Repaired mal-formed changes entry (`italian-' was
+ missing.
+
+ * danish.dtx: Repaired mal-formed changes entry (`danish-' was
+ missing.
+
+ * swedish.dtx: Repaired mal-formed changes entry (`swedish-' was
+ missing).
+
+ * babel.dst: Added a few missing }
+
+ * install.txt: Added a remark about producing the full source
+ listing.
+
+ * babel.dst: Added the production if bbidx.ist and bbglo.ist
+
+ * Makefile: Added bbidxglo
+
+ * slovene.dtx (section{The Slovanian language}): Removed < and >
+ from a \changes entry to prevent a problem when generating the
+ glossary file.
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Identification}): Wrong docstrip guard
+ nesting resulted in a superfluous line in lthyphen.cfg
+ Updated Checksum
+
+1994-06-04 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * language.skeleton: Updated for LaTeX2e; included the small
+ driver.
+
+ * czech.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * croatian.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * slovene.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+ (section{The Slovanian language}): Added extra tranlations from
+ Josef Leydold, (leydold at statrix2.wu-wien.ac.at
+
+ * romanian.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * turkish.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+ (section{The Turkish language}): Added braces behind the use of \i
+ to prevent a lot of undefined macros.
+
+ * norsk.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * swedish.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * babel.ins: lhyphen.cfg has now to be called lthyphen.cfg.
+
+ * babel.dtx (subsection{Macros common to a number of languages}):
+ An end of line ended up in the middle of a || expression.
+
+ * slovak.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+ Added setting of \lefthyphenmin and \righthyphenmin.
+
+ * finnish.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * magyar.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * polish.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+ Changed the table describing the conventions to really describe
+ what is iomplemented.
+ Tried to initialize polish letters by calling \texptl; this should
+ have been \textpl.
+
+ * danish.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+ (section{The Danish language}): Peter Busk Larsen proposed a few
+ changes to the translations.
+
+1994-05-19 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * galician.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * catalan.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * spanish.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * portuges.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * italian.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode. Added some of the
+ suggestions from Claudio Beccari. The others wil have to wait.
+
+ * francais.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * germanb.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+1994-05-18 Johannes Braams (babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * dutch.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * esperant.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * bahasa.dtx: Added a small driver to the top of the file.
+ Added missing \begin{macrocode}.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
+ * babel.dtx (driver): use the ltxdoc class
+ Added a small driver to the top of the file as an addition to the
+ large drivers.
+ Removed the use of \wlog from native mode.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/esbst.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/esbst.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7be9dbc31d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/esbst.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `esbst.tex',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% spanish.dtx (with options: `bblbst')
+%% This is a generated file.
+%%
+%% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+%% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%%
+%% This file was generated from file(s) of the Babel system.
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------
+%%
+%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+%% The latest version of this license is in
+%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%%
+%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%%
+%% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+%%
+%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the Babel
+%% system. You may however distribute the Babel system without
+%% such generated files.
+%%
+%% The list of all files belonging to the Babel distribution is
+%% given in the file `manifest.bbl'. See also `legal.bbl for additional
+%% information.
+%%
+%% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+%% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+%% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+%% File `spanish.dtx'
+%% Babel package for LaTeX version 2e
+%% Copyright (C) 1989 - 2004
+%% by Johannes Braams, TeXniek
+%% Spanish Language Definition File
+%% Copyright (C) 1997 - 2005
+%% by Javier Bezos (jbezos at wanadoo.es)
+%% Apartado 116.035
+%% E-28080 Madrid
+%% Espa\~na / Espagne
+%% and
+%% by CervanTeX (www.cervantex.org)
+%% Please report errors to: Javier Bezos (preferably)
+%% jbezos at wanadoo.es
+%% J.L. Braams
+%% babel at braams.cistron.nl
+%% \section{\textsf{spanish} como lengua principal}
+\def\bbland{y}
+\def\bbleditors{directores} \def\bbleds{dirs.\@}
+\def\bbleditor{director} \def\bbled{dir.\@}
+\def\bbledby{dirigido por}
+\def\bbledition{edici\'on} \def\bbledn{ed.\@}
+\def\bbletal{y otros}
+\def\bblvolume{vol\'umen} \def\bblvol{vol.\@}
+\def\bblof{de}
+\def\bblnumber{n\'umero} \def\bblno{n\sptext{o}}
+\def\bblin{en}
+\def\bblpages{p\'aginas} \def\bblpp{p\'ags.\@}
+\def\bblpage{p\'gina} \def\bblp{p\'ag.\@}
+\def\bblchapter{cap\'itulo} \def\bblchap{cap.\@}
+\def\bbltechreport{informe t\'ecnico}
+\def\bbltechrep{inf.\@ t\'ec.\@}
+\def\bblmthesis{proyecto de fin de carrera}
+\def\bblphdthesis{tesis doctoral}
+\def\bblfirst {primera} \def\bblfirsto {1\sptext{a}}
+\def\bblsecond{segunda} \def\bblsecondo{2\sptext{a}}
+\def\bblthird {tercera} \def\bblthirdo {3\sptext{a}}
+\def\bblfourth{cuarta} \def\bblfourtho{4\sptext{a}}
+\def\bblfifth {quinta} \def\bblfiftho {5\sptext{a}}
+\def\bblth{\sptext{a}}
+\let\bblst\bblth \let\bblnd\bblth \let\bblrd\bblth
+\def\bbljan{enero} \def\bblfeb{febrero} \def\bblmar{marzo}
+\def\bblapr{abril} \def\bblmay{mayo} \def\bbljun{junio}
+\def\bbljul{julio} \def\bblaug{agosto} \def\bblsep{septiembre}
+\def\bbloct{octubre}\def\bblnov{noviembre}\def\bbldec{diciembre}
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+%%
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `esbst.tex'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/fixes.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/fixes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..520a52ff113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/fixes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ Fixes since last major release (3.8a)
+
+ 20 February 2004
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/howtoget.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/howtoget.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3673c3ed454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/howtoget.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+ Babel Distribution Guide
+
+ 29 March 2005
+
+
+This file gives you some information as to where to get the latest
+version of Babel and other related software.
+
+The main distribution of Babel is done through the Comprehensive TeX
+Archive Network (CTAN). The main CTAN hosts are:
+ ftp://ftp.dante.de/
+ ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/
+In order to reduce network load, it is recommended that you use the
+CTAN host or mirror which is located in the closest proximity to your
+site. See /tex-archive/CTAN.sites for a list of CTAN mirrors.
+
+You can find the latest version of Babel in:
+ /tex-archive/macros/latex/required/babel/
+
+Hyphenation pattern files are not normally part of the Babel distribution.
+You can find hyphenation pattern files on CTAN, in the directory:
+ /tex-archive/language/hyphenation/
+
+OTHER RELATED PACKAGES
+For the french language Benard Gaulle distributes his french package.
+It provides extensive support for typesetting french documents.
+
+For the german language Bernd Raichle maintains `German-Style'. It is
+located in:
+ /tex-archive/language/german/
+
+In one of the directories below /tex-archive/language you can
+sometimes find support for languages not (yet) supported by Babel.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.OzTeX-4 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.OzTeX-4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..615c989009a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.OzTeX-4
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+Babel installation guide for the Mac with OzTeX.
+These instructions apply for OzTeX versions 4.0+
+Filedate: september 26, 2000
+
+(Originally provided by Andrew Trevorrow <akt@netspace.net.au>)
+
+
+This document explains how to install Babel from the files provided in
+the OzTeX distribution. See install.txt if you need more information.
+(Ignore the old install.OzTeX-pre4 file!)
+
+Copy the following folders from the OzTeX Distribution to corresponding
+locations in your local texmf folder:
+
+ :texmf:source:generic:babel: (*.ins, *.dtx, etc)
+ :texmf:tex:generic:hyphen: (hyphenation files)
+
+If you prefer to use a different folder structure then you'll need to
+make suitable changes to the search paths in "Add Babel" (included below).
+
+Copy the "Add Babel" config file to your config folder (eg. myconfigs),
+make any necessary changes, then add this line at the start of your
+Local config file:
+
+ load_config = ":myconfigs:Add Babel"
+
+"Add Babel" increases some TeX parameters, so you'll also need to
+increase OzTeX's preferred memory size to at least 4500K.
+
+Start up OzTeX, tick the LaTeX format in the TeX menu, then TeX the
+babel.ins file in the :texmf:source:generic:babel: folder.
+Answer "y" to any request to overwrite an existing file.
+Lots of files will be generated (*.ldf, *.sty, *.def, *.cfg, *.fd).
+There is no need to move these files into another folder; it makes
+life simpler if the files are kept in :texmf:source:generic:babel:
+(that's where "Add Babel" assumes they'll be kept).
+
+Edit the language.dat file in :texmf:source:generic:babel: and
+create an entry for each language that you want to hyphenate.
+See the example entries and use the names of hyphenation files
+provided in the :texmf:tex:generic:hyphen: folder.
+
+Now you need to generate a new LaTeX format file. This needs to
+be done in the :texmf:source:generic:babel: folder so that INITEX
+will use the hyphen.cfg file created in the above step.
+Select "TeX..." and make sure the open dialog shows files in
+the :texmf:source:generic:babel: folder, then hit Cancel.
+Select INITEX and type "LaTeX.ltx" in response to the ** prompt.
+
+You can save LaTeX.fmt in the default location for format files
+(:TeX:Formats:) but it is better if you put it in a new folder
+called something like :texmf:formats: and then set
+
+ format_folder = :texmf:formats:
+
+in the OzTeX-only section of your Local config file. (You'll
+also need to move the other format files into this folder.)
+That way you will avoid clobbering your own formats when you
+install a new version OzTeX.
+
+You are now ready to use Babel (see user.dvi).
+
+-------------------------------------------
+Save the text below as the file 'Add Babel
+-------------------------------------------
+% This config file installs the Babel macros for use with OzTeX 4.0 and later.
+% Copy this file to your own config folder (eg. myconfigs), make any necessary
+% changes, then add this line at the start of your Local file:
+%
+% load_config = ":myconfigs:Add Babel"
+
+current_app = OzTeX OzTtH
+input_folders = $c :texmf:source:generic:babel: |
+ :texmf:tex:generic:hyphen:
+
+current_app = OzTeX
+% Babel needs some larger TeX parameters. You'll also need to increase
+% OzTeX's preferred memory size to at least 4500K.
+trie_size = 65000
+trie_op_size = 5000
+% If you need to increase other TeX parameters then do it here.
+
+% Best to restore all apps when finished.
+current_app = OzTeX OzMF OzMP OzTtH
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.OzTeX-pre4 b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.OzTeX-pre4
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f0d7e4de8cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.OzTeX-pre4
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+
+Babel installation guide for the Mac with OzTeX.
+These instructions apply for OzTeX versions 2.1 as well as 3.0.
+Filedate: April 30, 1999
+
+(Originally provided by Jan Geenen, <geenenjw@cobweb.nl> for OzTeX 1.9;
+ updated for 2.1 by Giuseppe P. Cavarretta, <gc@gea.geo.uniroma1.it>)
+
+ 1. To create a workable babel package, first create a folder named Babel
+ and put it in the TeX-inputs folder; in this new folder you must
+ download from a CTAN site the following files:
+ a. babel.dtx
+ b. babel.ins
+ c. language.dat
+ d. <language>.dtx; For every <language> you want to use in your
+ documents, ie. dutch.dtx, english.dtx, etc.
+ e. hyphenation files; You need these for every language for which
+ you want to produce the right hyphenation.
+ ie. nehyph2.tex.
+ f. bbidxglo.dtx
+ g. documentation files. 00readme, install.txt, tb-article.tex, etc,
+ see manifest.txt
+
+ If you are in doubt, you have much hard-disk space and low-cost
+ connection to the internet, get the entire babel directory (a good
+ practice anyway). Remember that the hyphenation files, i.e. ithyph.tex
+ or nehyph.tex, are not included in the babel package; you have to
+ get them from ctan/tex-archive/language/<your_language>.
+
+ 2. Read the documentation:
+ a. install.txt
+ b. 00readme
+ c. OzTeX User Guide version 2.1
+
+ 3. Check your files if they obey the Mac-conventions for end of line.
+ If not, then edit them and save as same with the option LF Macintosh.
+ If you got them by dowloading directly from CTAN into the Mac they
+ should be OK.
+
+ 4. Open the file language.dat and for every language that you will
+ hyphenate make an entrance, for example:
+
+ % Any comment you like
+ dutch nehyph2.tex %nederlands
+ latin lahyph.tex %latin
+ english hyphen.tex %english
+
+ 5. Put the file nehyph.tex (and/or whateverhyph.tex) in the folder Plain.
+
+ 6. TeX the file babel.ins. A lot of files will be generated !
+ Eventually, delete those related to languages that you think you
+ will never use (never say never !). The following files should be
+ produced by this:
+ a. babel.sty
+ b. babel.def
+ c. switch.def
+ d. hyphen.cfg
+ e. plain.def
+ f. For all the languages for which you downloaded a .dtx-file the
+ run will produce a .ldf-file and a .sty-file.
+ If you didn't download them all, the installation process will
+ stop, telling you it can't find a .dtx-file; after the prompt
+ type: r and hit the Return-key. The install program will resume
+ ie. dutch.dtx gives dutch.ldf and dutch.sty
+ g. the bbind.ist and bbglo.ist files are for printing the
+ documentation.
+
+ 7. The install-run ends with these remarks:
+ a. To finish the installation you have to move all the files with
+ names ending in .ldf, .sty, .def or.fd into a directory
+ searched by TeX.
+ Action: If you hadn't done it before, create a new folder, call it
+ Babel and put in the files ending with the mentioned suffixes.
+ Drag and drop the Babel-folder into the TeX-inputs-folder.
+ b. For making a format the following files have to be in a
+ directory which is searched by Initex: hypen.cfg, language.dat
+ and files with the hyphenation patterns.
+ Action: Create a new folder, call it InitexBabel and put in it the
+ recommended files. Drag and drop the InitexBabel folder into
+ the TeX-inputs folder.
+ The language.sty files which you do not need throw them in the
+ thrashcan.
+
+ 8. The goal is to generate a new latex-format file. To gain some
+ experience in generating such a format file use only one
+ hyphenation by disableing the others by putting in front of every
+ line a %-sign in the file language.dat. Relax, if you follow the
+ instructions listed here it should work immediately. You may get
+ an out of memory error during format building when you trie to
+ load many languages: if this happens, try to increase the
+ trie_size in the file Configs:Default. After that, run INITeX
+ anew.
+
+ 9. Disable the file hyphen.ltx by adding a %-sign in front of the filename.
+ :TeX-inputs:LaTeX:hyphen.ltx.
+ (LaTeX will search for another. cfg file)
+
+ 8. Choose in the TeX menu LaTeX
+
+ 9. Choose in the TeX-menu INITEX and after the two ** type
+ latex.ltx and push the <return> button. You will readily notice if
+ the hyphenation files you selected have been used.
+ You will now be asked into which folder you want to save the new
+ format file you created: choose the folder TeX-formats.
+ Rename the new format file from latex.fmt to LaTeX.fmt;
+ this will overwrite the pre-existing LaTeX.fmt.
+ If you wish to keep the original LaTeX.fmt file,
+ choose a different name or rename the pre-existing LaTeX.fmt to
+ whatever_name.fmt you like. Remember that if you want to use format
+ files having new names, you must add such new names into the file
+ Configs:Default as follows:
+
+ format_files = LaTeX AMSTeX Plain Your_new_format
+
+10. Start using babel.
+ a. Put the command \usepackage[your language]{babel} in the
+ preamble of your production file product.tex
+ b. TeX product.tex
+
+Good luck!
+
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ee83d65b9d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/install.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+ Babel Installation Guide
+
+ 20 February 2004
+
+
+ When you install the babel system you have first to decide
+ whether you want to make a new format file. If you don't, you
+ miss some of the functionality of the babel system, but you
+ can then skip steps 2 through 6 . If you do want to build a
+ new format, start with step 1.
+
+ When you want to produce the full listing of all the source
+ files in the babel system run babel.drv through LaTeX, then
+ use MakeIndex to produce babel.ind using the command:
+ makeindex -s bbind.ist babel
+ and use MakeIndex to produce babel.gls using the command:
+ makeindex -s bbglo.ist -o babel.gls babel.glo
+ Then run LaTeX on babel.drv again.
+
+ 1 Make sure that you have the Docstrip (version 2) program
+ available (it is part of the LaTeX2e distribution); then
+ run the file babel.ins through TeX.
+ This strips all the .dtx files of the comments and produces
+ fast loadable versions of the files.
+ The installation files that are part of the babel
+ distribution all contain \usedir{tex/generic/babel}
+ commands. The effect of this is that TeX will attempt to
+ write the files it produces into your TDS compliant
+ directory tree. If you have a different tree you should
+ either change these commands or comment them out. Using the
+ file docstrip.cfg you can instruct docstrip about the `root'
+ of the TDS tree. On my Win95 TeX-Live installation I have:
+\BaseDirectory{D:/TeX-Local/texmf}
+%\BaseDirectory{D:/TeX-Live/texmf}
+\UseTDS
+ whereas on my Linux installation I use:
+\BaseDirectory{/usr/local/TeX}
+%\BaseDirectory{/usr/TeX/texmf}
+\UseTDS
+ If all of these are correct and TeX still complains about
+ not being able to store the files it is possible that the
+ file texmf.cnf prohibits writing into the system trees.
+ Look for the line with openout_any; if it's value is 'p'
+ (paranoid) change it to 'r' (restricted).
+ If all of the above doesn't work for you (or you commented
+ out the \usedir lines) you will have to move the resulting
+ .ldf, .sty, .def, .cfg and .fd files yourself into a
+ directory where TeX can find them.
+ Do that now.
+ On some operating systems you might get an error message
+ such as:
+
+! I can't write on file `./catalan.sty'.
+<to be read again>
+ \edef
+l.455 }
+
+Please type another output file name:
+
+ In such a case you have run into a maximum number of open
+ files limit in your computer. You can get around this by
+ telling docstrip to open less files at a time (from bug
+ report Babel/2592, answer by David Carlisle):
+
+ As long as you have a reasonably new copy of docstrip,
+ you can make a docstrip.cfg file at your site to tell
+ docstrip that you have operating system limits on the
+ number of open files.
+ Make a file docstrip.cfg with the two lines:
+
+\maxfiles{8}
+\maxoutfiles{8}
+
+ and docstrip will keep below 8 the number of files it has
+ open. (You may need to experiment to see how large your
+ system lets you make these numbers, the default is 16)
+ See docstrip.dtx
+ % \subsection{Setting maximum numbers of streams}
+ for more details.
+
+ Docstrip also produces two files called babel.drv and
+ user.drv. You can use babel.drv to produce the full
+ documented source listing of the babel system. (Which is
+ also provided as babel.dvi) You can use user.drv to produce
+ a short document that describes the features of each
+ language specific file.
+
+ 2 Make sure you have the hyphenation patterns available for
+ the languages that you intend to use. If you don't have
+ them, you may be able to find them in CTAN, in the directory:
+ /tex-archive/language/hyphenation.
+ If you happen to have a set of patterns that is not
+ available there you could make it available by either
+ putting it in the /incoming directory or sending it to me.
+
+ 3 The docstripping process will have produced a file called
+ hyphen.cfg. This file will be loaded when you build a
+ LaTeX format. To build a plain format with the babel system
+ preloaded you can use the file bplain.tex as a wrapper for
+ plain.tex. When you run it through iniTeX plain.tex will be
+ loaded, as well as hyphen.cfg. When you type \dump at the
+ end you will get bplain.fmt which you can use as your
+ plain TeX format. Renaming hyphen.tex to something else is
+ not permitted by Don Knuth.
+
+ 4 Check the hyphenation patterns that you have available and
+ want to load into the format. For each language that you
+ want to hyphenate correctly you need a hyphenation pattern.
+ List them all in the file `language.dat'. The file that is
+ in the distribution serves as an example of what you have to
+ put in there.
+ The files containing hyphenation patterns should be found
+ somewhere on TeX's `input path'. What that means depends on
+ the implementation of TeX you use:
+ - With emTeX there is an environment variable TEXINPUT in
+ which you can list the directories to search through,
+ adding a ! to a directory will make emTeX do a recursive
+ search through the directory tree.
+ - With Unix TeX the `system directories' do not need to be
+ specified in the environment variable TEXINPUTS; there
+ adding a double / to a directory name means recursive
+ searching of the directory tree.
+
+ 5 Run iniTeX, telling it to load your favorite macro package
+ (ie plain or latex).
+ When you build a LaTeX format iniTeX will find the file
+ hyphen.cfg (provided that you have stored it in the
+ correct place).
+ When you build a plain TeX format using the supplied file
+ bplain.tex iniTeX will also find hyphen.cfg.
+
+ *Beware*: some implementations of TeX only look in the
+ current directory when the \openin primitive is used. If
+ your TeX does that you need to put the file `languages.dat'
+ in the same directory where you build your format.
+
+ 6 When the iniTeX run in step 5 stops with a message about
+ not enough memory (trie_size = ...) and "you can ask a
+ wizard to enlarge me" You have tried to load more
+ hyphenation patterns into TeX's memory then it has room for.
+ In that case you can either remove one or more languages
+ from the file language.dat or be your own wizard and enlarge
+ TeX. I can not tell you how to do that for all
+ implementations of TeX as it differs with each
+ implementation. Your distribution should contain a
+ description of what to.
+ - With emTeX you can influence the size of some of the
+ memory arrays with command line switches (/mt:65000 for
+ the trie_size).
+ - With Unix TeX you have to change a file called tex.ch and
+ rebuild TeX using the supplied Makefile. The change you
+ need to make is to enlarge the trie_size and
+ trie_op_size.
+ - With Web2C TeX (version 7 and newer) you can change the
+ value of the trie_size in the file web2c/texmf.cnf.
+
+--- Copyright 2004 Johannes Braams. All rights reserved ---
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/language.dat b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/language.dat
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75141062f8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/language.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+% File : language.dat
+% Purpose : specify which hypenation patterns to load
+% while running iniTeX
+=USenglish
+american ushyphen.tex
+=english
+UKenglish ukhyphen.tex
+=british
+french frhyphen.tex
+dutch nehyph2.tex
+german dehypht.tex
+ngerman dehyphn.tex
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/language.skeleton b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/language.skeleton
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e893b3b660f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/language.skeleton
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the Babel system.
+% --------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%
+% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
+% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
+% information.
+%
+% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+% \fi
+% \CheckSum{0}
+%%% docstring = " This file can act as a template for
+%%% people who want to provide extra
+%%% languages to be included in the babel
+%%% distribution.
+%
+% \iffalse
+% Tell the \LaTeX\ system who we are and write an entry on the
+% transcript.
+%<*dtx>
+\ProvidesFile{<language>.dtx}
+%</dtx>
+%<code>\ProvidesLanguage{<language>}
+%\fi
+%\ProvidesFile{<language>.dtx}
+ [2005/02/20 v1.6 <Language> support from the babel system]
+%\iffalse
+%% Babel package for LaTeX version 2e
+%% Copyright (C) 1989 -- 2005
+%% by Johannes Braams, TeXniek
+%
+%% Please report errors to: J.L. Braams
+%% babel at braams.cistron.nl
+%
+% This file is part of the babel system, it provides the source code for
+% the <Language> language definition file.
+%<*filedriver>
+\documentclass{ltxdoc}
+\newcommand*{\TeXhax}{\TeX hax}
+\newcommand*{\babel}{\textsf{babel}}
+\newcommand*{\langvar}{$\langle \mathit lang \rangle$}
+\newcommand*{\note}[1]{}
+\newcommand*{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+\newcommand*{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\begin{document}
+ \DocInput{<language>.dtx}
+\end{document}
+%</filedriver>
+%\fi
+% \GetFileInfo{<language>.dtx}
+%
+% \changes{v1.1}{1994/02/27}{Rearranged the file a little}
+% \changes{v1.2}{1994/06/04}{Update for \LaTeXe}
+% \changes{v1.3}{1995/05/13}{Update for \babel\ release 3.5}
+% \changes{v1.4}{1996/10/30}{Update for \babel\ release 3.6}
+% \changes{v1.5}{1997/03/18}{Update for \babel\ release 3.7}
+% \changes{v1.6}{2004/02/20}{Update for \babel\ release 3.8}
+%
+% \section{The <Language> language}
+%
+% The file \file{\filename}\footnote{The file described in this
+% section has version number \fileversion\ and was last revised on
+% \filedate.} defines all the language definition macros for the
+% <Language> languagee.
+%
+% \StopEventually{}
+%
+% The macro |\LdfInit| takes care of preventing that this file is
+% loaded more than once, checking the category code of the
+% \texttt{@} sign, etc.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+%<*code>
+\LdfInit{<language>}{captions<language>}
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% When this file is read as an option, i.e. by the |\usepackage|
+% command, \texttt{<language>} could be an `unknown' language in
+% which case we have to make it known. So we check for the
+% existence of |\l@<language>| to see whether we have to do
+% something here.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ifx\undefined\l@<language>
+ \@nopatterns{<Language>}
+ \adddialect\l@<language>0\fi
+% \end{macrocode}
+% For the <Dialect> version of these definitions we just add a
+% ``dialect''. Also, the macros |\captions<dialect>| and
+% |\extras<dialect>| are |\let| to their \texttt{<language>}
+% counterparts when these parts are defined.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\adddialect\l@<dialect>\l@<language>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% The next step consists of defining commands to switch to (and
+% from) the <Language> language.
+%
+% Now we declare the |<attrib>| language attribute.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\bbl@declare@ttribute{<language>}{<attrib>}{%
+% \end{macrocode}
+% This code adds the expansion of |\extras<attrib><language>| to
+% |\extras<language>|.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+ \expandafter\addto\expandafter\extras<language>
+ \expandafter{\extras<attrib><language>}%
+ \let\captions<language>\captions<attrib><language>
+ }
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\<language>hyphenmins}
+% This macro is used to store the correct values of the hyphenation
+% parameters |\lefthyphenmin| and |\righthyphenmin|.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\providehyphenmins{<language>}{\tw@\thr@@}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\captions<language>}
+% The macro |\captions<language>| defines all strings used in the
+% four standard documentclasses provided with \LaTeX.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\captions<language>{}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\captions<dialect>}
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\captions<dialect>\captions<language>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\date<language>}
+% The macro |\date<language>| redefines the command |\today| to
+% produce <Language> dates.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\date<language>{%
+}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\date<dialect>}
+% The macro |\date<dialect>| redefines the command |\today| to
+% produce <Dialect> dates.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\def\date<dialect>{%
+}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\extras<language>}
+% \begin{macro}{\noextras<language>}
+% The macro |\extras<language>| will perform all the extra
+% definitions needed for the <Language> language. The macro
+% |\noextras<language>| is used to cancel the actions of
+% |\extras<language>|. For the moment these macros are empty but
+% they are defined for compatibility with the other
+% language definition files.
+%
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\addto\extras<language>{}
+\addto\noextras<language>{}
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% \begin{macro}{\extras<dialect>}
+% \begin{macro}{\noextras<dialect>}
+% Also for the ``<dialect>'' variant no extra definitions are
+% needed at the moment.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\let\extras<dialect>\extras<language>
+\let\noextras<dialect>\noextras<language>
+% \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%
+% The macro |\ldf@finish| takes care of looking for a
+% configuration file, setting the main language to be switched on
+% at |\begin{document}| and resetting the category code of
+% \texttt{@} to its original value.
+% \begin{macrocode}
+\ldf@finish{<language>}
+%</code>
+% \end{macrocode}
+%
+% \Finale
+%\endinput
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+%%
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/romanidx.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/romanidx.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bc50735db31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/romanidx.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+%%
+%% This is file `romanidx.tex',
+%% generated with the docstrip utility.
+%%
+%% The original source files were:
+%%
+%% spanish.dtx (with options: `indexes')
+%% This is a generated file.
+%%
+%% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+%% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%%
+%% This file was generated from file(s) of the Babel system.
+%% ---------------------------------------------------------
+%%
+%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+%% The latest version of this license is in
+%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%%
+%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%%
+%% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+%%
+%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the Babel
+%% system. You may however distribute the Babel system without
+%% such generated files.
+%%
+%% The list of all files belonging to the Babel distribution is
+%% given in the file `manifest.bbl'. See also `legal.bbl for additional
+%% information.
+%%
+%% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+%% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+%% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+%% File `spanish.dtx'
+%% Babel package for LaTeX version 2e
+%% Copyright (C) 1989 - 2004
+%% by Johannes Braams, TeXniek
+%% Spanish Language Definition File
+%% Copyright (C) 1997 - 2005
+%% by Javier Bezos (jbezos at wanadoo.es)
+%% Apartado 116.035
+%% E-28080 Madrid
+%% Espa\~na / Espagne
+%% and
+%% by CervanTeX (www.cervantex.org)
+%% Please report errors to: Javier Bezos (preferably)
+%% jbezos at wanadoo.es
+%% J.L. Braams
+%% babel at braams.cistron.nl
+%% \section{\textsf{spanish} como lengua principal}
+\makeatletter
+
+\newcount\es@converted
+\newcount\es@processed
+
+\def\es@encap{`\|}
+\def\es@openrange{`\(}
+\def\es@closerange{`\)}
+
+\def\es@split@file#1.#2\@@{#1}
+\def\es@split@ext#1.#2\@@{#2}
+
+\typein[\answer]{^^JArchivo que convertir^^J%
+ (extension por omision .idx):}
+
+\@expandtwoargs\in@{.}{\answer}
+\ifin@
+ \edef\es@input@file{\expandafter\es@split@file\answer\@@}
+ \edef\es@input@ext{\expandafter\es@split@ext\answer\@@}
+\else
+ \edef\es@input@file{\answer}
+ \def\es@input@ext{idx}
+\fi
+
+\typein[\answer]{^^JArchivo de destino^^J%
+ (archivo por omision: \es@input@file.eix,^^J%
+ extension por omision .eix):}
+\ifx\answer\@empty
+ \edef\es@output{\es@input@file.eix}
+\else
+ \@expandtwoargs\in@{.}{\answer}
+ \ifin@
+ \edef\es@output{\answer}
+ \else
+ \edef\es@output{\answer.eix}
+ \fi
+\fi
+
+\typein[\answer]{%
+ ^^J?Se ha usado algun esquema especial de controles^^J%
+ de MakeIndex para encap, open_range o close_range?^^J%
+ [s/n] (n por omision)}
+
+\if s\answer
+ \typein[\answer]{^^JCaracter para 'encap'^^J%
+ (\string| por omision)}
+ \ifx\answer\@empty\else
+ \edef\es@encap{%
+ `\expandafter\noexpand\csname\expandafter\string\answer\endcsname}
+ \fi
+ \typein[\answer]{^^JCaracter para 'open_range'^^J%
+ (\string( por omision)}
+ \ifx\answer\@empty\else
+ \edef\es@openrange{%
+ `\expandafter\noexpand\csname\expandafter\string\answer\endcsname}
+ \fi
+ \typein[\answer]{^^JCaracter para 'close_range'^^J%
+ (\string) por omision)}
+ \ifx\answer\@empty\else
+ \edef\es@closerange{%
+ `\expandafter\noexpand\csname\expandafter\string\answer\endcsname}
+ \fi
+\fi
+
+\newwrite\es@indexfile
+\immediate\openout\es@indexfile=\es@output
+
+\newif\ifes@encapsulated
+
+\def\es@roman#1{\romannumeral#1 }
+\edef\es@slash{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
+
+\def\indexentry{%
+ \begingroup
+ \@sanitize
+ \es@indexentry}
+
+\begingroup
+
+\catcode`\|=12 \lccode`\|=\es@encap\relax
+\catcode`\(=12 \lccode`\(=\es@openrange\relax
+\catcode`\)=12 \lccode`\)=\es@closerange\relax
+
+\lowercase{
+\gdef\es@indexentry#1{%
+ \endgroup
+ \advance\es@processed\@ne
+ \es@encapsulatedfalse
+ \es@bar@idx#1|\@@
+ \es@idxentry}%
+}
+
+\lowercase{
+\gdef\es@idxentry#1{%
+ \in@{\es@roman}{#1}%
+ \ifin@
+ \advance\es@converted\@ne
+ \immediate\write\es@indexfile{%
+ \string\indexentry{\es@b|\ifes@encapsulated\es@p\fi esromanindex%
+ {\ifx\es@a\@empty\else\es@slash\es@a\fi}}{#1}}%
+ \else
+ \immediate\write\es@indexfile{%
+ \string\indexentry{\es@b\ifes@encapsulated|\es@p\es@a\fi}{#1}}%
+ \fi}
+}
+
+\lowercase{
+\gdef\es@bar@idx#1|#2\@@{%
+ \def\es@b{#1}\def\es@a{#2}%
+ \ifx\es@a\@empty\else\es@encapsulatedtrue\es@bar@eat#2\fi}
+}
+
+\lowercase{
+\gdef\es@bar@eat#1#2|{\def\es@p{#1}\def\es@a{#2}%
+ \edef\es@t{(}\ifx\es@t\es@p
+ \else\edef\es@t{)}\ifx\es@t\es@p
+ \else
+ \edef\es@a{\es@p\es@a}\let\es@p\@empty%
+ \fi\fi}
+}
+
+\endgroup
+
+\input \es@input@file.\es@input@ext
+
+\immediate\closeout\es@indexfile
+
+\typeout{*****************}
+\typeout{Se ha procesado: \es@input@file.\es@input@ext }
+\typeout{Lineas leidas: \the\es@processed}
+\typeout{Lineas convertidas: \the\es@converted}
+\typeout{Resultado en: \es@output}
+\ifnum\es@converted>\z@
+ \typeout{Genere el indice a partir de ese archivo}
+\else
+ \typeout{No se ha realizado ningun tipo de conversion}
+ \typeout{Se puede generar el archivo directamente^^J%
+ de \es@input@file.\es@input@ext}
+\fi
+\typeout{*****************}
+\@@end
+%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+%%
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `romanidx.tex'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0cedd222ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,961 @@
+% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the Babel system.
+% --------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%
+% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
+% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
+% information.
+%
+% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+% \fi
+%%% ====================================================================
+%%% @TeX-file{
+%%% author = "Johannes L. Braams",
+%%% version = "1.04",
+%%% date = "06 January 1997",
+%%% time = "23:15:14 MET",
+%%% filename = "tb1202.tex",
+%%% address = "TeXniek,
+%%% Kersengaarde 33
+%%% 2723 BP Zoetermeer
+%%% The Netherlands",
+%%% telephone = "+31 79 352 28 19",
+%%% FAX = "+31 70 343 23 95",
+%%% checksum = "19810 933 5016 39417",
+%%% email = "babel@braams.cistron.nl (Internet)",
+%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%%% keywords = "",
+%%% supported = "yes",
+%%% abstract = "",
+%%% docstring = "The article on babel that apeared in
+%%% TuGboat Volume 12, No. 2.
+%%%
+%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
+%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the
+%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
+%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and
+%%% characters. This is produced by Robert
+%%% Solovay's checksum utility.",
+%%% }
+%%% ====================================================================
+% tb32braa.ltx
+
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\IfFileExists{ltugboat.cls}{%
+ \documentclass{ltugboat}
+ \def\rtitlex{TUGboat, Volume 12 (1991), No. 2}
+ \def\midrtitle{}
+ \def\PrelimDraftfooter{}
+ \let\TBmaketitle\maketitle
+ \SelfDocumenting
+ \setcounter{page}{291}
+ }{%
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \newcommand\address[1]{}
+ \newcommand\netaddress[1]{}
+ \newcommand\TUB{\textsl{TUGboat\/}}
+ \newcommand\TeXhax{\TeX hax}}
+\usepackage{shortvrb}
+\MakeShortVerb{\|}
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+\newcommand{\babel}{\textsf{babel}}
+\makeatletter
+% -------------------------------------------------
+% Definitions copied from doc.sty by FMi
+% -------------------------------------------------
+{\obeyspaces%
+\gdef\meta{\begingroup\obeyspaces%
+\def {\egroup\space\hbox\bgroup\it}\m@ta}}
+\def\m@ta#1{\hbox\bgroup$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$\egroup\endgroup}
+
+% -------------------------------------------------
+% define \dlqq so that we can give an example of "'
+% -------------------------------------------------
+\gdef\dlqq{{\setbox\tw@=\hbox{,}\setbox\z@=\hbox{''}%
+ \dimen\z@=\ht\z@ \advance\dimen\z@-\ht\tw@
+ \setbox\z@=\hbox{\lower\dimen\z@\box\z@}\ht\z@=\ht\tw@
+ \dp\z@=\dp\tw@ \box\z@\kern-.04em}}
+%
+% -------------------------------------------------
+% To demonstrate german double quotes (from german.tex)
+% -------------------------------------------------
+\def\allowhyphens{\penalty\@M \hskip\z@skip}
+\def\set@low@box#1{\setbox\tw@\hbox{,}\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\dimen\z@\ht\z@
+ \advance\dimen\z@ -\ht\tw@
+ \setbox\z@\hbox{\lower\dimen\z@ \box\z@}\ht\z@\ht\tw@ \dp\z@\dp\tw@ }
+% (this lowers the german left quotes to the same level as the comma.)
+
+\def\@glqq{{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
+ \let\@SF\empty \fi \leavevmode
+ \set@low@box{''}\box\z@\kern-.04em\allowhyphens\@SF\relax}}
+\def\glqq{\protect\@glqq}
+\def\@grqq{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
+ \let\@SF\empty \fi \kern-.07em``\kern.07em\@SF\relax}%''
+\def\grqq{\protect\@grqq}
+%
+% -------------------------------------------------
+% To demonstrate french double quotes (from german.tex)
+% -------------------------------------------------
+\def\@flqq{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
+ \let\@SF\empty \fi
+ \ifmmode \ll \else \leavevmode
+ \raise .2ex \hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle \ll $}\fi \@SF\relax}
+\def\flqq{\protect\@flqq}
+\def\@frqq{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
+ \let\@SF\empty \fi
+ \ifmmode \gg \else \leavevmode
+ \raise .2ex \hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle \gg $}\fi \@SF\relax}
+\def\frqq{\protect\@frqq}
+%+
+% Some extra definitions needed in the article
+%-
+\def\bsl{\char'134}
+\makeatother
+
+\begin{document}
+\title {Babel, a multilingual style-option system for use
+ with \LaTeX's standard document styles%
+ \thanks{During the development ideas from Nico Poppelier,
+ Piet van Oostrum and many others have been used.}
+ }
+
+\author{Johannes Braams}
+\address{%
+ \TeX niek\\
+ Kersengaarde 33\\
+ 2723 BP Zoetermeer\\
+ The Netherlands}
+\netaddress{babel@braams.cistron.nl}
+\date{06 January 1997 \\
+ Version 1.04}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+ The standard distribution of \LaTeX\ contains a number of document
+ styles that are meant to be used, but also serve as examples for
+ other users to create their own document styles. These styles have
+ become very popular among \LaTeX\ users. But it should be kept in
+ mind that they were designed for American tastes and contain a
+ number of hard-wired texts. This article describes a set of
+ document-style options that can be used in combination with the
+ standard styles, which makes the latter adaptable to other
+ languages.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+Although Leslie Lamport has stated~\cite{LLth} that one should not try
+and write \emph{one} document-style option to be used with \emph{all}
+the standard document styles of \LaTeX, that is exactly what I~have
+done with this system of style options. The reasons for this approach
+will be explained in section~\ref{why}.
+
+A lot of the ideas incorporated in this set of files come from the
+work of Hubert Partl~\cite{HP}, \file{german.tex}. Some parts in the
+implementation are different, others are the same. It will be shown
+that \file{german.tex} can be modified to fit into this scheme of
+style options.
+
+\section{Why \babel?}\label{why}
+
+When I~first started using \LaTeX\ I~was very happy with just the
+style files that are distributed with the standard distributions of
+\TeX\ and \LaTeX. That means, as long as I~made texts in English I~was
+happy. Then as other users found out about \LaTeX\ and its advantages,
+they started using it for texts in languages other than English. As
+I~was the most experienced \LaTeX\ user at the time, they came to me
+and asked me `When I'm writing a report in Dutch I~don't want chapters
+to be named ``Chapter'', I~want them to be named ``Hoofdstuk'', how do
+you change that?'. At that time I~didn't know, but I soon found out.
+The first thing I~found was that Leslie Lamport states~\cite[pages
+85--86]{LLbook} that you have to redefine the command |\@chapapp|
+to get the desired result. This looked rather promising to me, so
+I~had a look at the style files to find out how other such strings as
+``Figure'' might be redefined. It was then that I~found out that
+|\@chapapp| is the \emph{only} string defined this way, whereas
+all others are hard-wired into the style.
+
+My first solution to this problem was to create a new document style
+file called \file{artikel.sty} as a ``Dutch'' counterpart to
+\file{article.sty}. The same was done for \file{report.sty}. This is
+exactly what Leslie Lamport suggests~\cite{LLth}. This approach has
+one major drawback however: you get two copies of basically the same
+file to maintain. This was discovered when newer releases of the
+styles reached our site. The standard styles had to be replaced
+\emph{and} edited all over again to get the ``Dutch'' versions back.
+About the same time, in early 1988, a discussion on this subject
+appeared in \TeXhax. One of the persons commenting was Hubert Partl.
+The method he suggested was to modify the standard document styles by
+replacing the hard-wired texts by macros such as |\@chapapp|. This
+led me to my second attempt at a solution. I~modified the standard
+styles (all four of them) as suggested, but while doing that added an
+option, implemented like the option \texttt{draft}, by defining a
+command |\ds@dutch|. This command would set a variable to indicate
+which language was requested. This variable I~used later on in a
+|\case| statement. In this |\case| statement a choice is made between
+English, Dutch and possibly other languages for texts such as
+``Figure'' and ``Contents''. Unfortunately, some of this implied
+changing the secondary style files \file{xxx10.sty}, \file{xxx11.sty}
+and \file{xxx12.sty}. This was unfortunate because one of the
+research groups in our laboratories complained their document style
+didn't work properly. It turned out that their style was a modified
+\file{article.sty} that had been given a different name, but it still
+loaded \file{art10.sty} etc. I~found a temporary solution, but I
+still wasn't exactly happy with the situation. Besides this, the
+drawback of replacing the document styles with newer versions still
+existed.
+
+When after a while a new version of the \LaTeX\ distribution arrived
+at our site, I~began to think about a different way to solve the
+problem. In the meantime Hubert Partl had his \file{german.sty}
+published in \TUB~\cite{HP}. His article pointed the way to a
+different solution. Triggered by the discussion in \TeXhax\ in early
+1989 about how to detect which is the main (primary) style when
+processing a document, I~started work on what is now available as
+\file{dutch.sty} version~1.0, dated may 1989\footnote{This file is
+ available from \texttt{listserv@hearn.bitnet} as file
+ \file{dutch.old}.}. While working on this style option I~discovered
+that some parts could be borrowed from \file{german.sty}. This
+`discovery' and some discussions I had with others at Euro\TeX89, the
+fourth European \TeX\ Conference, held in september 1989 in Karlsruhe,
+led me towards a more universal approach. The basic idea behind it
+was, starting from the algorithm to detect the main style, to design
+an approach with one common file that contained macro definitions
+needed by a number of language-specific style options. Users specify
+the name of any of these language-specific options as an option to the
+|\documentstyle| command, and internally the common file is read.
+
+%This is the situation as it stands now. The rest of this article is
+%devoted to a description of how the system of style options described
+%above is implemented and what the possibilities are. I~realize that
+%with the new \TeX\ 3.0 around and work being done on a new version of
+%\LaTeX\ as well some of this work may become obsolete in the near
+%future. But, taking into consideration the widespread use of the
+%current versions of \TeX\ and \LaTeX\, I~think it may take some time
+%before {\em everybody} is working with the new releases.
+
+%------------------------------------------------------------
+% All text above here was copied from babel.doc, the following
+% section is new for this version of the article
+%------------------------------------------------------------
+\section{\LaTeX\ and document-style files}\label{lat-docstyle}
+
+Before the I discuss some of the code in the \babel{} system I would
+like to discuss the document-style mechanism used by \LaTeX. Every
+\LaTeX\ document should start with a line like:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentstyle[opt1,opt2,...]{docstyle}
+\end{verbatim}
+This line of code instructs \LaTeX\ to first load the file
+\file{docstyle.sty}. When that is done the `options' are processed
+\emph{in the order specified}, by reading the files
+\file{opt1.sty}\footnote{Except when the documentstyle defines the
+ control sequence {\tt\bsl ds@\meta{opt1}}; in that case this control
+ sequence will be executed.}, \file{opt2.sty}, etc. This implies that
+definitions, made in the file \file{docstyle.sty} can be overridden in
+one of the option files. It is even possible to redefine code from the
+very kernel of \LaTeX, but you have to know what you are doing.
+
+Some care has to be taken in writing document-style options, because a
+number of problems can occur. First of all, if a document-style option
+should be modest in size; if it tries to redefine most of the code in
+\file{docstyle.sty} I think you should write (and maintain) your own,
+complete, document style. Next, as it was possible to override
+definitions from the main file in an option file, it is of course also
+possible to override definitions made in another option file. When
+this happens, your document might depend on the order in which you
+have specified your document-style options.
+
+This mechanism of overriding definitions from the main document style
+is exploited in the \babel{} system. The macros that contain the
+hard-wired texts are redefined in the common part of \babel{},
+replacing each of these texts with a unique macro. These macros have
+to be defined in the language-specific files.
+
+\section{\LaTeX\ and multilingual documents}\label{lat-lingual}
+
+In a european environment it sometimes happens that one wants to write
+a document that contains more than \emph{one} language. I have an
+example of a document, published by the {\sc eec}, that contains 9
+(nine) different languages. Also in linguistics one can find documents
+written in more than one language, i.e. to compare two languages.
+
+If you have to write such a multilingual document you should try to
+conform to the typographical conventions in use for each language. A
+well known example is the type of quotation marks used. \TeX\ supplies
+the user with ``quoted text'', but a Dutch user might want to have
+\dlqq quoted text'', whereas a German text should contain \glqq quoted
+text\grqq\ and a frenchman would perhaps like to see something like
+\flqq quoted text\frqq. These language specific conventions should be
+implemented in a document-style option file for each language. These
+files should then be useable with \emph{all} document styles.
+
+In such a multilingual document a user would specify the languages
+used as options to the |\documentstyle| command. He would also want a
+mechanism to be able to switch between these languages in a simple
+way. When he would use \TeX\ version 3.0 for the processing of his
+document, he would also want the hyphenation to come out right for the
+different languages.
+
+\section{Overview of the \babel{} solution}
+
+\subsection{The core of the system}
+
+The problems described in sections~\ref{lat-docstyle}
+and~\ref{lat-lingual} can be solved using the \babel{} system of
+document-style options.
+
+The core of this system currently performs three functions.
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item\label{switch} It defines a user interface for switching between
+ languages;
+
+\item\label{hyphs} It contains code to dynamically load several sets
+ of hyphenation patterns;
+
+\item\label{repair} It `repairs' the document styles provided in the
+ standard distribution of \LaTeX.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+Obviously part~\ref{hyphs} can only be used while running ini\TeX\ to
+create a new format, whereas part~\ref{repair} should \emph{not} be
+read by ini\TeX. Part~\ref{repair} should even disappear when \LaTeX\
+version 3.0 arrives, as the style files supplied with the new \LaTeX\
+will no longer be language specific. Part~\ref{switch} can either be
+loaded into the format with multiple hyphenation patterns, or it can
+be read while processing a document.
+
+For this reason the core of the \babel{} system is stored in two
+separate files, \file{babel.switch}, containing parts~\ref{switch}
+and~\ref{hyphs}, and \file{babel.sty} which contains
+part~\ref{repair}. The file \file{babel.sty} will instruct \LaTeX\ to
+load \file{babel.switch} if necessary, the file \file{babel.switch}
+checks the format to see if hyphenation patterns \emph{can} be loaded.
+
+\subsection{Language specifics}
+
+The language switching mechanism contains a couple of hooks for the
+developers of language-specific document-style options.
+
+First of all the macro |\originalTeX| should be defined. Its function
+is to disable special definitions made for a language to bring \TeX\
+into a `defined' state. A language-specific document-style option
+might, for example, introduce an extra active character. It would then
+also modify the definitions of |\dospecials| and |\@sanitize|. Such an
+option would then define a macro to restore the original definitions
+of these macros and restore the extra active character to its normal
+category code. It would then |\let \originalTeX| to this `restoration'
+macro.
+
+To enable the language-specific definitions three macros are provided
+in the switching mechanism, |\captions|\meta{language},
+|\date|\meta{language} and |\extras|\meta{language}.
+
+The macro |\captions|\meta{language} should provide definitions for
+the macros that replaced the hard-wired texts in the document style
+and the macro |\date|\meta{language} should provide a definition for
+|\today|. The real fun starts with the macro
+|\extras|\meta{language}. This macro should activate all definitions
+needed for \meta{language}.
+
+\section{The user interface}
+
+The user interface to the \babel{} system is quite simple. He should
+specify the languages he wants to use in his document in the list of
+document-style options. For instance, for a document in which both the
+English and the Dutch language are used, the first line could read:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\documentstyle[a4,dutch,english]{artikel1}
+\end{verbatim}
+Please note that in this case the Dutch-specific definitions are
+inactive when \LaTeX\ has finished processing document-style option
+files.
+
+If the user then wants to switch from English to Dutch he would
+include the command
+\begin{verbatim}
+\selectlanguage{dutch}
+\end{verbatim}
+before starting to write Dutch.
+
+If a user wants to write a document-style option of his own he might
+like to define a macro that checks which language is in use at the
+time the macro is executed. For this purpose the macro
+|\iflanguage{|\meta{language}|}{|\meta{then-clause}|}{|%
+\meta{else-clause}|}| is available.
+
+\section{Implementation of the core of the system}
+
+In this section I would like to discuss some parts of the
+implementation of the \babel{} system. Not all code will be shown,
+because some parts of it are just series of slightly modified code
+from the standard document styles. The files are fully documented and
+interested readers can print them if they have access to the
+\texttt{doc} option, described by Frank Mittelbach.
+
+The description of the macros that follows is based on an environment
+using \TeX~3.x, together with a version of \file{lplain.tex} based on
+\file{plain.tex} version~3.x. The actual implementation allows for
+other situations as well, i.e a version of \file{babel.sty} for
+\TeX~2.x will be available.
+
+\subsection{Switching languages}\label{lang-switch}
+
+For each language to be used in a document a control sequence of the
+form |\l@|\meta{language} has to be defined. This will either be done
+while loading hyphenation patterns or while loading the
+language-specific file. The implementation of
+\hbox{|\selectlanguage{|\meta{language}|}|} and\\
+\hbox{|\iflanguage{|\meta{language}|}{|\meta{then case}|}{|\meta{else
+ case}|}|} is based on the existence of
+\hbox{|\l@|\meta{language}}.
+
+\begin{figure*}[htb]
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\selectlanguage#1{%
+ \@ifundefined{l@#1}
+ {\@nolanerr{#1}}
+ {\originalTeX
+ \language=\expandafter\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax
+ \expandafter\csname captions#1\endcsname
+ \expandafter\csname date#1\endcsname
+ \expandafter\csname extras#1\endcsname
+ \gdef\originalTeX{\expandafter\csname noextras#1\endcsname}
+ }
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{The definition of {\tt\bsl selectlanguage}.}
+\label{select}
+\end{figure*}
+
+To switch from one language to another the macro |\selectlanguage| is
+available. Its definition can be seen in figure~\ref{select}. The
+first action it takes is to check whether the \meta{language} is
+known, if it is not an error is signalled. If the language is known
+|\originalTeX| is called upon to reset any previously set
+language-specific definitions. Next the register |\language| is
+updated and the three macros that should activate all
+language-specific definitions are executed. Finally the macro
+|\originalTeX| receives a new replacement text in order to be able to
+deactivate the definitions just activated.
+
+\begin{figure*}[htb]
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\iflanguage#1#2#3{%
+ \@ifundefined{l@#1}
+ {\@nolanerr{#1}}
+ {\ifnum\language=\expandafter\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax
+ #2 \else #3
+ \fi}
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{The definition of {\tt\bsl iflanguage}}
+\label{if}
+\end{figure*}
+
+The macro |\iflanguage| (see figure~\ref{if}) will issue a warning
+when its argument is an `unkown' language. It then goes on to compare
+the value of |\language| and |\l@|\meta{language} and executes either
+its secon or third argument.
+
+\subsection{Dynamically loading patterns}
+
+With the advent of \TeX~3.0 it has become possible to build a format
+with more than one hyphenation pattern preloaded. The core of the
+\babel\ system provides code, to be executed by ini\TeX\ \emph{only},
+to dynamically load hyphenation patterns. The only restriction is that
+the implementation of \TeX\ that you use has to have rather high
+settings of \texttt{trie\_size} and \texttt{trie\_op\_size} to
+actually load several hyphenation patterns.
+
+For the purpose of dynamically loading hyphenation patterns a
+`configuration file' has to be introduced. This file will be read by
+ini\TeX. Each line should contain either a comment, nothing or the
+name of a language and the name of the file that contains the
+hyphenation patterns for that language. In figure~\ref{config} an
+example of such a file, instructing ini\TeX\ to load patterns for
+three languages, English, Dutch and German.
+
+\begin{figure*}[htb]
+\begin{verbatim}
+% File : language.dat
+% Purpose : tell iniTeX what files with patterns to load.
+english english.hyphenations
+
+dutch hyphen.dutch % Nederlands
+german hyphen.ger
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{An example configuration file}\label{config}
+\end{figure*}
+
+The configuration file will be read line by line using \TeX's |\read|
+primitive. Because the name of a file might be followed by a
+space-token and comment (as in the example) a macro to process each
+line is needed. The definition of this macro, |\process@language|, can
+be found in figure~\ref{process}. As can be seen in the definition of
+this macro, its second argument \emph{always} has to be followed by a
+space-token. The effect of this is that any trailing spaces are
+removed.
+\begin{figure*}[htb]
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\process@language#1 #2 {%
+ \expandafter\addlanguage\csname l@#1\endcsname
+ \expandafter\language\csname l@#1\endcsname
+ \input #2}
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{The definition of {\tt\bsl process@language}.}
+\label{process}
+\end{figure*}
+The macro strips all spaces following its arguments. It's first
+argument is used to define |\l@|\meta{language}. The macro
+|\addlanguage| is basically a non-outer version of the plain \TeX\
+macro |\newlanguage|. The second argument of |\process@language| is
+the name of the file containing the hyphenation patterns. Before the
+file can be read, the register |\language| has to updated.
+
+The configuration file is read in a |\loop| (see figure~\ref{loop}).
+When a record is read from the input file a check is done whether the
+record was empty. If it was not, a space token is added to the end of
+the string of tokens read. The reason for this is that we have to be
+sure there always is at least \emph{one} space token present. When
+that has been taken care of the data just read can be processed. The
+last thing to do is to check the status of the input file, in order to
+decide whether \TeX\ has to continue processing the |\loop|. When all
+patterns have been processed the value of |\language| is restored.
+
+\begin{figure*}[htb]
+\begin{verbatim}
+\loop
+ \read1 to \@config@line
+ \ifx\@config@line\empty
+ \else
+ \edef\@config@line{\@config@line\space}
+ \expandafter\process@language\@config@line
+ \fi
+ \ifeof1 \@morefalse \fi
+ \if@more\repeat
+\language=0
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{Reading the configuration file line by line}
+\label{loop}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\subsection{`Repairing' \LaTeX's standard document styles}
+
+A large part of the core of the \babel{} system is dedicated to
+`repair' the standard document styles. This means redefining the
+macros in table~\ref{macros}.
+
+\begin{table*}[htb]
+\DeleteShortVerb{\|}
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{l | c c c c}
+macro & article & report & book & letter \\
+\hline
+\tt\bsl fnum@figure & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ \\
+\tt\bsl fnum@table & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ \\
+\tt\bsl tableofcontents & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
+\tt\bsl listoffigures & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
+\tt\bsl listoftables & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
+\tt\bsl thebibliography & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
+\tt\bsl theindex & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
+\tt\bsl abstract & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
+\tt\bsl part & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
+\tt\bsl chapter & & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
+\tt\bsl appendix & & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
+\tt\bsl cc & & & & $\times$ \\
+\tt\bsl encl & & & & $\times$ \\
+\tt\bsl ps@headings & & & & $\times$ \\
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{macros that need to be redefined for the four standard document
+ styles.}
+\label{macros}
+\end{center}
+\MakeShortVerb{\|}
+\end{table*}
+
+As an example of the way the macros have to be redefined, the
+redefinition of |\tableofcontents| is shown in figure~\ref{content}.
+\begin{figure*}[htb]
+\begin{verbatim}
+\@ifundefined{contentsname}
+ {\def\tableofcontents
+ {\section*{\contentsname
+ \@mkboth{\uppercase\expandafter{\contentsname}}
+ {\uppercase\expandafter{\contentsname}}
+ }
+ \@starttoc{toc}
+ }
+ }
+ {}
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{An example of redefining a command}\label{content}
+\end{figure*}
+
+The standard styles can be distinguished by checking the existence of
+the macros |\chapter| (not in \file{article} and \texttt{letter}) and
+|\opening| (only in \texttt{letter}). The result of these checks is
+stored in the macro |\doc@style|. When |\doc@style| already exists
+(which is the case when for instance \file{artikel1.sty} is
+used~\cite{BEP}) it is not superseded (see figure~\ref{maindoc}).
+
+\begin{figure*}[htb]
+\begin{verbatim}
+\@ifundefined{doc@style}
+ {\def\doc@style{0}
+ \@ifundefined{opening}
+ {\@ifundefined{chapter}
+ {\def\doc@style{1}}
+ {\def\doc@style{2}}
+ }{\def\doc@style{3}}
+ }{\relax}
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{Determining the main document style}
+\label{maindoc}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\section{Implementing a language specific document-style option file}
+
+To illustrate the way a language specific file can be implemented the
+file \file{dutch.sty} is discussed here. Note that not all of the code
+containde in the file \file{dutch.sty} is shown here, only those parts
+that are of interest for the scope of this article are included. If
+the reader would like to see the complete code, he can print all files
+in the \babel{} system, using the file \file{doc.sty}, described by
+Frank Mittelbach in~\cite{docsty}.
+
+\subsection{Compatibilty with plain \TeX}
+The file \file{german.tex}~\cite{HP} was written in such a way that it
+can be used by both plain \TeX\ users and \LaTeX\ users. This seemed a
+good idea, so all files in the \babel{} system can be processed by
+both plain \TeX\ and \LaTeX. But some of the ``useful hacks'' from
+\LaTeX\ are used, so for a plain \TeX\ user they have to be defined.
+For this purpose the format is checked at the start of a language
+specific file. If the format is \texttt{plain} an extra file, called
+\file{latexhax.sty} is read.
+\begin{figure*}[htb]
+\begin{verbatim}
+{\def\format{plain}
+\ifx\fmtname\format
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname @ifundefined\endcsname\relax
+ \gdef\next{latexhax.sty}
+ \aftergroup\input\aftergroup\next
+ \fi
+\fi}
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{Conditonal loading of \file{latexhax.sty}}
+\end{figure*}
+
+This file should be read only once, so another check is done on the
+existence of one of the commands defined there.
+
+A new group is started to keep the definition of the macro
+|\format|, which is used in the following if statement, local.
+When the current format turns out to be plain \TeX\ the file
+\file{latexhax.sty} has to be read. But the definitions in that file
+should remain valid after the group is closed. This could be
+accomplished by making all definitions \texttt{global}, but another
+solution is to tell \TeX\ to process the file \file{latexhax.sty}
+\emph{after} the current group has been closed. The command
+|\aftergroup| puts the next token on a list to be processed after
+the group.
+
+\subsection{Switching to the Dutch language}
+In section~\ref{lang-switch} the names of macros needed to switch to a
+language have been described. In figure~\ref{switchdutch} these macros
+and their definition are shown for the Dutch language.
+\begin{figure*}[htb]
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\captionsdutch{\gdef\refname{Referenties}%
+ \gdef\abstractname{Samenvatting}%
+ \gdef\bibname{Bibliografie}%
+ ...
+ \gdef\pagename{Pagina}}
+
+\def\datedutch{%
+ \gdef\today{\number\day~\ifcase\month\or
+ januari\or februari\or maart\or april\or
+ mei\or juni\or juli\or augustus\or
+ september\or oktober\or november\or december\fi
+ \space \number\year}}
+\begingroup \catcode`\"\active
+
+\gdef\extrasdutch{%
+ \global\let\dospecials\dutch@dospecials
+ \global\let\@sanitize\dutch@sanitize
+ \catcode`\"\active
+ \gdef"{\protect\dutch@active@dq}
+ \gdef\"{\protect\@umlaut}
+}\endgroup
+
+\def\noextrasdutch{%
+ \catcode`\"12
+ \global\let\dospecials\original@dospecials
+ \global\let\@sanitize\original@sanitize
+ \global\let\"\dieresis
+}
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{The macros needed to switch to the Dutch language}
+\label{switchdutch}
+\end{figure*}
+
+The definitions of |\captionsdutch| and |\datedutch| are pretty
+straightforward and need not be discussed. The macro |\extrasdutch|
+will be discussed in some more detail.
+
+First, because for Dutch (as well as for German) the \texttt{"}
+character is made active, the \LaTeX\ macros |\dospecials| and
+|\@sanitize| have to be redefined to include this character as well.
+The new definitions are implemented as two special commands, so we
+globally |\let| the originals to their new versions. Then the
+\texttt{"} character is made active and is defined. Then, to prevent
+an error when |\"| appears in a moving argument, the macro |\"| is
+redefined and made robust. All this is done inside a group to keep the
+category code change for the \texttt{"} character local.
+
+The macro |\extrasdutch| has a counterpart, |\noextrasdutch|, that
+cancels the extra definitions made by |\extrasdutch|. It changes the
+|\catcode| of the \texttt{"} character back to `other' and globally
+|\let|s the macros |\dospecials| and |\@sanitize| to their original
+definitions. The original definition of |\"| is restored as well.
+
+In figure~\ref{specials} the code needed to redefine |\dospecials| and
+|\@makeother| is shown.
+\begin{figure*}[htb]
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begingroup
+ \def\do{\noexpand\do\noexpand}%
+ \xdef\dutch@dospecials{\dospecials\do\"}%
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname @sanitize\endcsname\relax
+% do nothing if \@sanitize is undefined...
+ \else
+ \def\@makeother{\noexpand\@makeother\noexpand}%
+ \xdef\dutch@sanitize{\@sanitize\@makeother\"}%
+ \fi
+\endgroup
+
+\global\let\original@dospecials\dospecials
+\global\let\original@sanitize\@sanitize
+\end{verbatim}
+\caption{Code needed for the redefinition of {\tt\bsl dospecials} and
+ {\tt\bsl @makeother}.}
+\label{specials}
+\end{figure*}
+
+\subsection{An extra active character}
+
+All the code disccussed sofar is necessary because we need an extra
+active character. This character is then used as indicated in
+table~\ref{dutch-quote}. One of the reasons for this is that in the
+Dutch language a word with an umlaut can be hyphenated just before the
+letter with the umlaut, but the umlaut has to disappear if the word is
+broken between the previous letter and the accented letter.
+
+\begin{table*}[htb]
+\centering
+\begin{tabular}{lp{8cm}}
+\verb="a= & \verb=\"a= which hyphenates as \verb=-a=;
+ also implemented for the other letters. \\
+\verb="|= & disable ligature at this position. \\
+\verb="-= & an explicit hyphen sign, allowing hyphenation
+ in the rest of the word. \\
+\verb="`= & lowered double left quotes (see example below).\\
+\verb="'= & normal double right quotes. \\
+\verb=\-= & like the old \verb=\-=, but allowing hyphenation
+ in the rest of the word.
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{The extra definitions made by \file{dutch.sty}}
+\label{dutch-quote}
+\end{table*}
+
+In~\cite{treebus} the quoting conventions for the Dutch language are
+discussed. The preferred convention is the single-quote Anglo-American
+convention, i.e. `This is a quote'. An alternative is the slightly
+old-fashioned Dutch method with initial double quotes lowered to the
+baseline, \dlqq This is a quote'', which should be typed as
+\texttt{"`This is a quote"'}.
+
+\subsubsection{Supporting macro definitions}
+
+The definition of the active \texttt{"} character needs a couple of
+support macros. The macro |\allowhyphens| is used make hyphenation of
+word possible where it otherwise would be inhibited by \TeX. Basically
+its definition is nothing more than |\nobreak \hskip 0pt plus 0pt|.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\gdef\allowhyphens{\penalty\@M \hskip\z@skip}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Then a macro is defined to lower the Dutch left double quote to the
+same level as the comma. It prepares a low double opening quote in box
+register~0. This macro was copied form \file{german.tex}.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\gdef\set@low@box#1{%
+ \setbox\tw@\hbox{,} \setbox\z@\hbox{#1}
+ \dimen\z@\ht\z@ \advance\dimen\z@ -\ht\tw@
+ \setbox\z@\hbox{\lower\dimen\z@ \box\z@}
+ \ht\z@\ht\tw@ \dp\z@\dp\tw@}
+\end{verbatim}
+The macro |\set@low@box| is used to define low opening quotes. Since
+it may be used in arguments to other macros it needs to be protected.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\gdef\dlqq{\protect\@dlqq}
+\gdef\@dlqq{{%
+ \ifhmode
+ \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}
+ \else
+ \let\@SF\empty
+ \fi
+ \leavevmode\set@low@box{''}
+ \box\z@\kern-.04em\allowhyphens\@SF\relax}}
+\end{verbatim}
+For reasons of symmetry we also define |"'|. This command is defined
+similar to |\dlqq|, except that the quotes aren't lowered to the
+baseline.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\gdef\@drqq{{%
+ \ifhmode
+ \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}
+ \else
+ \let\@SF\empty
+ \fi
+ ''\@SF\relax}}
+\end{verbatim}
+The original double quote character is saved in the macro |\dq| to
+keep it available.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begingroup \catcode`\"12
+ \gdef\dq{"}
+\endgroup
+\end{verbatim}
+The original definition of |\"| is stored as |\dieresis|. The resason
+for this is that if a font with a different encoding scheme is used
+the definition of |\"| might not be the plain \TeX\ one.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\global\let\dieresis\"
+\end{verbatim}
+
+In the Dutch language vowels with a dieresis or umlaut accent are
+treated specially. If a hyphenation occurs before a vowel-plus-umlaut,
+the umlaut should disappear. To be able to do this, the hyphenation
+break behaviour for the five vowels, both lowercase and uppercase,
+could be defined first in terms of |\discretionary|. But this results
+in a large |\if|-construct in the definition of the active |"|.
+
+As both Knuth and Lamport have pointed out, a user should not use |"|
+when he really means something like |''|. For this reason no
+distinction is made between vowels and consonants. Therefore one
+macro, |\@umlaut|, specifies the hyphenation break behaviour for all
+letters.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\@umlaut#1{%
+ \allowhyphens%
+ \discretionary{-}{#1}{\dieresis #1}%
+ \allowhyphens}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The last support macro to be defined is |\dutch@active@dq|.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\gdef\dutch@active@dq#1{%
+ \if\string#1`\dlqq{}%
+\else\if\string#1'\drqq{}%
+\else\if\string#1-\allowhyphens-\allowhyphens%
+\else\if\string#1|\discretionary{-}{}{\kern.03em}%
+\else\if\string#1i\allowhyphens\discretionary{-}{i}{\dieresis\i}%
+ \allowhyphens%
+\else\if\string#1j\allowhyphens\discretionary{-}{j}{\dieresis\j}%
+ \allowhyphens%
+\else \@umlaut{#1}\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi}
+\end{verbatim}
+The macro reads the next token and performs some appropriate action.
+If no special action is defined, it will produce an umlaut accent on
+top of argument~1.
+
+The last definition needed is a replacement for |\-|. The new version
+of |\-| should indicate an extra hyphenation position, while allowing
+other hyphenation positions to be generated automatically. The
+standard behaviour of \TeX\ in this respect is very unfortunate for
+languages such as Dutch and German, where long compound words are
+quite normal and all one needs is a means to indicate an extra
+hyphenation position on top of the ones that \TeX\ can generate from
+the hyphenation patterns.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\-{\allowhyphens\discretionary{-}{}{}\allowhyphens}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection{Activating the definitions}
+
+The last action that should be performed by a language specific file,
+is activating it's definitions. Before doing that the macro
+|\originalTeX| should be definined.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\@ifundefined{originalTeX}{\let\originalTeX\relax}{}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Also, the macro |\l@|\meta{language} should be defined. If it hasn't
+already been defined, this means that no hyphenation patterns were
+loaded for this language.
+% This means that \emph{no} hyphenation will take place
+\begin{verbatim}
+\@ifundefined{l@dutch}{\addlanguage{dutch}}{}
+\selectlanguage{dutch}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\section{Conclusion}
+
+In this article a system of document-style option files has been
+presented that supports the multilingual use of \LaTeX. Some of the
+code involved has been discussed. The actual files will me made
+available through the international networks. They will be stored in
+the fileserver in the Netherlands (address:
+\texttt{LISTSERV@HEARN.BITNET}), the file \file{babel readme} will
+explain what you need to get to be able to use the system. The system
+was developed using the \Lopt{doc} option, so the files available are
+fully documented.
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{9}
+ \bibitem{DEK} Donald E. Knuth,
+ \emph{The \TeX book}, Addison-Wesley, 1986.
+ \bibitem{LLbook} Leslie Lamport,
+ \emph{\LaTeX, A document preparation System}, Addison-Wesley, 1986.
+ \bibitem{treebus} K.F. Treebus.
+ \emph{Tekstwijzer, een gids voor het grafisch verwerken van tekst.}
+ SDU Uitgeverij ('s-Gravenhage, 1988). A Dutch book on layout
+ design and typography.
+ \bibitem{HP} Hubert Partl,
+ \emph{German \TeX}, \emph{TUGboat} 9 (1988) \#1, p.~70--72.
+ \bibitem{LLth} Leslie Lamport,
+ in: \TeXhax\ Digest, Volume 89, \#13, 17 februari 1989.
+ \bibitem{docsty}Frank Mittelbach,
+ \emph{The \Lopt{doc}-option},
+ \emph{TUGboat} 10 (1989) \#2, p.~245--273.
+ \bibitem{BEP}Johannes Braams, Victor Eijkhout and Nico Poppelier,
+ \emph{The development of national \LaTeX\ styles},
+ \emph{TUGboat} 10 (1989) \#3, p.~401--406.
+ \bibitem{ilatex}Joachim Schrod,
+ \emph{International \LaTeX\ is ready to use},
+ \emph{TUGboat} 11 (1990) \#1, p.~87--90.
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1401.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1401.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d8b0903592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1401.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the Babel system.
+% --------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%
+% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
+% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
+% information.
+%
+% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+% \fi
+%%% ====================================================================
+%%% @TeX-file{
+%%% author = "Johannes L. Braams",
+%%% version = "1.02",
+%%% date = "06 January 1997",
+%%% time = "23:18:11 MET",
+%%% filename = "tb1401.tex",
+%%% address = "TeXniek,
+%%% Kersengaarde 33
+%%% 2723 BP Zoetermeer
+%%% The Netherlands",
+%%% telephone = "+31 79 352 28 19",
+%%% FAX = "+31 70 343 23 95",
+%%% checksum = "33086 238 1209 9472",
+%%% email = "babel@braams.cistron.nl (Internet)",
+%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%%% keywords = "",
+%%% supported = "yes",
+%%% abstract = "",
+%%% docstring = "The update article on babel that appeared
+%%% in TUGboat Volume 14 No 1.
+%%%
+%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
+%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the
+%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
+%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and
+%%% characters. This is produced by Robert
+%%% Solovay's checksum utility.",
+%%% }
+%%% ====================================================================
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\IfFileExists{ltugboat.cls}{%
+ \documentclass{ltugboat}
+ \def\rtitlex{TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1}
+ \def\midrtitle{}
+ \def\PrelimDraftfooter{}
+ \let\TBmaketitle\maketitle
+ \setcounter{page}{60}
+ }{%
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \newcommand\address[1]{}
+ \newcommand\netaddress[1]{}
+ \newcommand\TUB{\textsl{TUGboat\/}}
+ \newcommand\TeXhax{\TeX hax}
+ \newcommand{\plain}{\texttt{plain}}}
+\usepackage{shortvrb}
+\MakeShortVerb{\|}
+%
+\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+\newcommand{\babel}{\textsf{babel}}
+\makeatletter
+% -------------------------------------------------
+% Definitions copied from doc.sty by FMi
+% -------------------------------------------------
+{\obeyspaces%
+\gdef\meta{\begingroup\obeyspaces%
+\def {\egroup\space\hbox\bgroup\it}\m@ta}}
+\def\m@ta#1{\hbox\bgroup$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$\egroup\endgroup}
+%
+{\catcode`\|=\z@ \catcode`\\=12|gdef|bslash{\}}
+%
+\makeatother
+\newcommand{\bsl}{\protect\bslash}
+
+
+\begin{document}
+\title{An update on the \babel\ system}
+\author{Johannes Braams}
+\address{%
+ \TeX niek\\
+ Kersengaarde 33\\
+ 2723 BP Zoetermeer\\
+ The Netherlands}
+\netaddress{babel@braams.cistron.nl}
+\date{06 January 1997 \\
+ Version 1.02}
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+ This article describes the changes that have been made to the
+ \babel\ system, since the article describing the system appeared in
+ \TUB\ Volume 12, number 2. This article announces the release of a
+ new version of the \babel\ system.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+Since the publication of the \babel\ system in \TUB~\cite{bab} several
+changes have occurred. With the new release of \LaTeX\ -- which
+appeared at the end of 1991 -- the internationalised version I\LaTeX,
+prepared by Joachim Schrod~\cite{ilatex} was withdrawn. But some of
+its functionality was still needed, so a modification of the \babel\
+system was necessary.
+
+Besides this a couple of bugs were reported and had to be fixed. The
+major problem was that the language changing commands were not
+`local', they contained global definitions. In the current version
+these commands obey grouping correctly.
+
+Some macros that formerly were in language-specific files have been
+moved to the core of the system, because they are being used in
+several language-specific files.
+
+\section{Changes to the core of \babel}
+
+The changes to the core of the \babel\ system are the most extensive.
+
+\subsection*{{\tt\bsl selectlanguage}}
+The \babel\ user-command |\selectlanguage| now also accepts a control
+sequence as its argument. This was included to provide compatibility
+for users who were used to the syntax of the original
+\file{german.tex}, but wanted to switch to \babel. The escape
+character is `peeled off' and the name of the control sequence is then
+used as the name of the language to select.
+
+Another change to the |\selectlanguage| macro is that it now stores
+the name of the current language in the control sequence
+|\languagename|. The contents of this control sequence could be tested
+in the following way:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ \edef\tmp{\string english}
+ \ifx\languagename\tmp
+ ...
+ \else
+ ...
+ \fi
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The construction with |\string| is necessary because
+|\languagename| returns the name with characters of category code
+\texttt{12} (other).
+
+\subsection*{Saving macro definitions}
+
+A new way of handling macros that are temporarily \emph{re}defined was
+developed by Bernd Raichle and included in the core of the \babel\
+system. Two new macros, for use in the language-specific files have
+been introduced.\\
+These macros, |\babel@savevariable|\meta{register} and
+|\babel@save|\meta{macro}, append code to |\originalTeX|. This code
+restores the value (or meaning) of what was saved when |\originalTeX|
+was executed.
+
+\subsection*{Special characters}
+
+Some of the language-specific files introduce one or more characters
+that are special in some way. Such characters have to be added to
+|\dospecials| (and |\@sanitize| too for \LaTeX) whenever their special
+meaning is activated. But, they may have to be removed again when
+another language, which doesn't use them, is in effect.
+
+To this end two new control sequences, that are meant to be used in
+the language-specific files are introduced. They are
+|\babel@add@special| and |\babel@remove@special| and perform the
+necessary tasks.
+
+\subsection*{Additional facilities}
+
+A specific request from Joachim Schrod for \babel, was the possibility
+to extend the definition of a control sequence on the fly. It should,
+for instance, be possible that the user adds a macro of his own to the
+definition of |\extrasenglish|.
+
+This feature is now provided by the macro\\
+ |\addto{|\meta{control sequence}|}{|\meta{\TeX\ code}|}|.
+ It is now used throughout the
+language-specific files to build the macros |\extras|\meta{lang} and
+|\noextras|\meta{lang}.
+
+The support macros |\allowhyphens|,\\ |\set@low@box| and |\save@sf@q|
+have been moved from the language-specific files to the core of the
+\babel\ system.
+
+\subsection{The files}
+
+In the previous release a file called \file{latexhax.com} was
+provided. This was needed to provide some macros normally defined by
+\LaTeX, to \plain~\TeX\ users. The need for this file has been removed
+in the current release of the \babel\ system.
+
+In the previous release of the system, four different files were
+provided (all derived from \file{hyphen.doc} that were needed for
+different combinations of versions of \TeX\ and \file{plain.tex} or
+\file{lplain.tex}. This has been changed. In the current version only
+two different files are derived from \file{hyphen.doc}. They are
+\file{babel.switch} and \file{babel.hyphen}.\\
+The file \file{babel.switch} is needed for people who can't build a
+new format or don't have \TeX\ version 3. The file \file{babel.hyphen}
+should be loaded into the format by ini\TeX. It provides the macros
+from \file{babel.switch}, but additionally it reads the file
+\file{language.dat}, which specifies the languages for which
+hyphenation patterns should be loaded.
+
+In the previous release the file \file{babel.com} contained
+redefinitions for a lot of \LaTeX\ macros to replace texts with
+control sequences. This has been removed, because it is no longer
+necessary for releases of \LaTeX\ dated december 1991 or later. Those
+who still have an older release of \LaTeX\ can produce a special
+version of \file{babel.com} by including the docstrip option
+\meta{names} when stripping the file \file{babel.doc}.
+
+With the release of the new version of Frank Mittelbach's \texttt{doc}
+package the stripped files are no longer distributed. The distribution
+of babel now includes a file \file{install.babel} with which you can
+produce them (give the command \file{tex install.babel}).
+
+\section{Changes to the language specific files}
+
+Bernd Raichle has invented a solution for things like |\char"45|
+when the |"| is active. His solution (from german 2.3e) has been
+included in germanb and is copied for other language specific files
+that have an active |"|.
+
+A few terms have been added to the |\captions|\meta{...} macros,
+again following \file{german.tex}. These terms are |\prefacename|,
+|\seename| and |\seealsoname|. I don't have the correct
+translations for all languages yet, but that will be repaired as soon
+as someone provides them to me.
+
+For the dutch language the behaviour of the active double quote has
+been slightly modified. It has been noted that there is a difference
+between |"e|, where a `trema' should be produced and |\"u|, where we
+should get an `umlaut'. The difference between the two is that the
+`trema' should disappear at a hyphenation point, whereas the `umlaut'
+should not.
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{9}
+ \bibitem{bab} Johannes Braams,
+ \emph{Babel, a multilingual style-option system for use with
+ \LaTeX's standard document styles},
+ \emph{TUGboat} 12 (1991) \#2, p.~291--301.
+ \bibitem{ilatex}Joachim Schrod,
+ \emph{International \LaTeX\ is ready to use},
+ \emph{TUGboat} 11 (1990) \#1, p.~87--90.
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1604.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1604.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0538716f82a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1604.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,448 @@
+% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the Babel system.
+% --------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%
+% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
+% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
+% information.
+%
+% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+% \fi
+%%% ====================================================================
+%%% @TeX-file{
+%%% author = "Johannes",
+%%% version = "1.0",
+%%% date = "05 December 1995",
+%%% time = "22:43:54 MET",
+%%% filename = "tbstatus.tex",
+%%% address = "TeXniek,
+%%% Kersengaarde 33
+%%% 2723 BP Zoetermeer
+%%% The Netherlands",
+%%% telephone = "+31 79 352 28 19",
+%%% FAX = "+31 70 343 23 95",
+%%% checksum = "",
+%%% email = "babel@braams.cistron.nl (Internet)",
+%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%%% keywords = "",
+%%% supported = "yes",
+%%% abstract = "",
+%%% docstring = "This article is derived from my
+%%% presentation at the EuroTeX'95 conference
+%%% and will appear in a future issue of
+%%% TuGboat.
+%%%
+%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
+%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the
+%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
+%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and
+%%% characters. This is produced by Robert
+%%% Solovay's checksum utility.",
+%%% }
+%%% ====================================================================
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\IfFileExists{ltugboat.cls}{%
+ \documentclass{ltugboat}
+ \def\rtitlex{TUGboat, Volume 16 (1995), No. 4}
+ %\def\midrtitle{}
+ %\def\PrelimDraftfooter{}
+ %\let\TBmaketitle\maketitle
+ %\SelfDocumenting
+ \setcounter{page}{1}
+ }{%
+ \documentclass{article}
+ \newcommand\address[1]{}
+ \newcommand\netaddress[1]{}
+ \newcommand\TUB{\textsl{TUGboat\/}}
+ \newcommand\TeXhax{\TeX hax}}
+\usepackage{shortvrb}
+\MakeShortVerb{\|}
+
+\newcommand\figrule{\kern3pt\hrule\kern3pt}
+\newcommand*{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand*{\cls}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand*{\pkg}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
+\newcommand*{\Lenv}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+\newcommand*{\opt}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+\newcommand*{\meta}[1]{\mbox{$\langle$\it #1\/$\rangle$}}
+\newcommand*\babel{\textsf{babel}}
+\newcommand*\bs{\char'134}
+\let\osn\oldstylenums
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{The status of \babel}
+\author{Johannes L. Braams}
+\address{%
+ \TeX niek\\
+ Kersengaarde 33\\
+ 2723 BP Zoetermeer\\
+ The Netherlands}
+\netaddress{babel@braams.cistron.nl}
+\date{september 1995}
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+ In this article I will give an overview of what has happened to
+ \babel\ lately. First I will briefly describe the history of \babel;
+ then I will introduce the concept of `shorthands'. New ways of
+ changing the `language' have been introduced and \babel\ can now
+ easily be adapted for local needs. Finally I will discuss some
+ compatibility issues.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{A brief history of \babel}
+
+The first ideas of developing a set of macros to support typesetting
+documents with \TeX\ in languages other than English developed around
+the time of the Euro\TeX\ conference in Karls\-ruhe (\osn{1989}). Back
+then I had created support for typesetting in Dutch by stealing
+\file{german.tex} (by Hubert Partl c.s.) and modifying it for Dutch
+conventions. This worked, but I was not completely satisfied as I hate
+the duplication of code. Soon after that I found that more `copies' of
+\file{german.tex} existed to support other languages. This led me to
+the idea of creating a package that combined these kind of language
+support packages. It would have to consist of at least two `layers':
+all the code the various copies of \file{german.tex} had in common in
+one place, loaded only once by \TeX, and a set of files with the code
+needed to support language specific needs. During the Karlsruhe
+conference the name `\babel' came up in discussions I had. It seemed
+an appropriate name and I sticked to it.
+
+\begin{table}[hbt]
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{l}
+ \hline
+ First ideas at Euro\protect\TeX'89 Karlsruhe\\
+ First published in TUGboat 12--2\\
+ Update article in TUGboat 14--1\\
+ Presentation of new release at Euro\protect\TeX'95\\
+ \hline
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{A brief history of \babel}
+ \end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+After the conference I started to work on ``\babel, a multilingual
+style-option system for use with \LaTeX' standard document styles''.
+The first release with support for about half a dozen languages
+appeared in the first half of \osn{1990}. In TUGboat volume \osn{12}
+number \osn{2} an article appeared describing \babel. Soon thereafter
+people started contributing translations for the `standard terms' for
+languages not yet present in \babel. The next big update appeared in
+\osn{1992}, accompanied by an article in TUGboat volume \osn{14}
+number \osn{1}. The main new features were that an interface was added
+to `push' and `pop' macro definitions and values of registers. Also
+some code was moved from language files to the core of \babel. In
+\osn{1994} some changes were needed to get \babel\ to work with
+\LaTeXe. As it turned out a lot of problems were still unsolved,
+amongst which the incompatibility between \babel\ and the use of
+\textsc{T}\osn{1} encoded fonts was most important.
+
+\noindent Therefore \babel\ version \osn{3}.\osn{5} has appeared.
+It's main features are:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item complete rewrite of the way active characters are dealt with;
+\item new ways to switch the language;
+\item A language switch is also written to the \file{.aux} file;
+\item possibility to `configure' the language specific files;
+\item extended syntax of \file{language.dat};
+\item compatibility with both the \pkg{inputenc} and\\
+ \pkg{fontenc} packages;
+\item new languages (breton, estonian, irish, scottish, lower and
+ upper sorbian).
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent These changes are described in the remainder of this article.
+
+\section{Shorthands and active characters}
+
+During \babel's lifetime the number of languages for which one or more
+characters were made active has grown. Until \babel\ release
+\osn{3}.\osn{4} this needed a lot of duplication of code for each
+extra active character. A situation with which I obviously was not
+very happy as I hate the duplication of code. Another problematic
+aspect of the way \babel\ dealt with active characters was the way
+\babel\ made it possible to still use them in the arguments of cross
+referencing commands. \textsf{Babel} did this with a trick that
+involves the use of |\meaning|. This resulted in the fact that the
+argument of |\label| was no longer expanded by \TeX.
+
+Because of these problems I set out to find a different implementation
+of active characters. A starting point was that a character that is
+made active should remain active for the rest of the document; only
+it's definition should change. During the development of this new
+implementation it was suggested in discussions I had within the
+\LaTeX3 team to devise a way to have `different kinds' of active
+characters. Out of this discussion came the current `shorthands'.
+
+\begin{quote}
+ \textsl{A shorthand is a sequence of one or two characters that
+ expands to arbitrary \TeX\ code.}
+\end{quote}
+
+These shorthands are implemented in such a way that there are three
+levels of shorthands:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item user level
+\item language level
+\item system level
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent Shorthands can be used for different kinds of things:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item the character \verb=~= is redefined by \babel\ as a one
+ character, system level shorthand;
+\item In some languages shorthands such as \verb="a= are defined to be
+ able to hyphenate the word;
+\item In some languages shorthands such as \verb=!= are used to insert
+ the right amount of white space.
+\end{itemize}
+
+When you want to use or define shorthands you should keep the
+following in mind:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item User level takes precedence over language level;
+\item Language level takes precedence over system level;
+\item One character shorthands take precedence over two character
+ shorthands;
+\item Shorthands are written unexpanded to \file{.aux} files.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\noindent In table~\ref{tab:sh-ov} an overview is given of the
+various shorthand characters that are used for different languages.
+
+\begin{table}[ht]
+ \begin{center}
+ \begin{tabular}{ll}
+ \hline
+ \texttt{\char'176} & system, catalan, estonian, galician, spanish \\
+ \texttt{:} & breton, francais, turkish \\
+ \texttt{;} & breton, francais \\
+ \texttt{!} & breton, francais, turkish \\
+ \texttt{?} & breton, francais \\
+ \texttt{"} & catalan, danish, dutch, estonian, finnish\\
+ & galician, german, polish, portuguese, slovene\\
+ & spanish, upper~sorbian\\
+ \texttt{`} & catalan (optional)\\
+ \texttt{'} & catalan, galician, spanish (optional)\\
+ \texttt{\char'136} & esperanto\\
+ \texttt{=} & turkish \\
+ \hline
+ \end{tabular}
+ \caption{Overview of shorthands}\label{tab:sh-ov}
+ \end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+Note that the acute and grave characters are only used as shorthand
+characters when the options \opt{activeacute} and \opt{activegrave}
+are used.
+
+On the user level three additional commands are available to deal with
+shorthands:
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{\bs useshorthands}] This command takes one argument, the
+ character that should become a shorthand character.
+\item[\texttt{\bs defineshorthand}] This command takes two arguments,
+ the first argument being the shorthand character sequence, the
+ second argument being the code the shorthand should expand to.
+\item[\texttt{\bs languageshorthands}] This last command (which takes
+ one argument, the name of a language) can be used to switch to the
+ shorthands of another language, \emph{not} switching other language
+ facilities. Of course this only works if both languages were
+ specified as an option when loading the package \babel.
+\end{description}
+
+On the level of the language definition files four new commands are
+introduced to interface with the shorthand code.
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{\bs initiate@active@char}] This command is used to tell
+ \LaTeX\ that the character in its argument is going to be used as a
+ shorthand character. It makes the character active, but lets it
+ expand to its non-active self.
+\item[\texttt{\bs bbl@activate}] This can be used to switch
+ the expansion of an active character to its active code.
+\item[\texttt{\bs bbl@deactivate}] This command resets the expansion
+ of an active character to expand to its non-active self.
+\item[\texttt{\bs declare@shorthand}] This command is the internal
+ command for (and also used by) |\defineshorthand|; it has
+ \emph{three} arguments: the first argument is the name of the
+ language for which to define the shorthands, the other two are the
+ same as for |\defineshorthand|.
+\end{description}
+
+One of the goals of the introduction of shorthands was to reduce the
+amount of code needed in the language definition files to support
+active characters. This goal has been reached; when a language needs
+the double quote character (\texttt{"}) to be active all one has to
+put into the language definition file are code fragments such as shown
+in figure~\ref{fig:dq}.
+
+\begin{figure}[ht]
+ \figrule
+\begin{verbatim}
+\initiate@active@char{"}
+\addto\extrasdutch{%
+ \languageshorthands{dutch}%
+ \bbl@activate{"}}
+...
+\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"`}{%
+ \textormath{\quotedblbase{}}%
+ {\mbox{\quotedblbase}}}
+...
+\end{verbatim}
+ \figrule
+ \caption{Example of defining a shorthand}\label{fig:dq}
+\end{figure}
+
+Apart from removing a lot of code from language definition files by
+introducing shorthands, some other code has been moved to
+\file{babel.def} as well. In some language definition files it was
+necessary to provide access to glyphs that are not normally easily
+available (such as the |\quotedblbase| in the example in
+figure~\ref{fig:dq}. Some of these glyphs have to be `constructed' for
+\textsc{ot}\osn{1} encoding while they are present in
+\textsc{t}\osn{1} encoded fonts. Having all such (encoding dependent)
+code together in one place has the advantage these glyphs are the same
+for all the language definition files of \babel; also maintenance is
+easier this way.
+
+\section{Switching the language}
+
+Until release \osn{3}.\osn{5} \babel\ only had \emph{one} command to
+switch between languages: |\selectlanguage|. It takes the name of the
+language to switch to as an argument; the command is used as a
+declaration and always switches everything\footnote{that means the
+ hyphenation pattern, the \texttt{\bs lefthyphenmin} and \texttt{\bs
+ righthyphenmin} parameters, the translations of the words, the
+ date and the specials}. Two new ways to switch to another language
+have now been introduced.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\texttt{\bs selectlanguage}] This command was available in
+ \babel\ from the start.
+\item[\texttt{\bs foreignlanguage}] This new command is meant to be
+ used when a short piece of text (such as a quote) comes from another
+ language. This text should not be longer than \emph{one} paragraph.
+ For the text the hyphenation patterns and the specials are switched.
+ The command has two arguments: the name of the language and the text
+ from that language.
+\item[environment `otherlanguage'] This new environment switches the
+ same aspects as the command |\selectlanguage| does. The difference
+ is that the switches are local to the environment whereas one either
+ has to use |\selectlanguage| in a group to get the same effect or
+ one has to issue multiple |\selectlanguage| commands. Also the
+ environment is one of the things needed to enable the development of
+ language definition files that support right-to-left typesetting.
+\end{description}
+
+An aspect of some multilingual documents might be that they have
+section titles or figure captions in different languages. For this to
+work properly \babel\ now writes some information on the \file{.aux}
+file when a language switch from either |\selectlanguage| or the
+\Lenv{otherlanguage} environment occurs. \textsf{Babel} nows about
+the \file{.toc}, \file{.lof} and \file{.lot} files; if you have added
+an extra table of contents you should be aware of this.
+
+\section{Adapting \babel\ for local usage}
+
+In the past people have had to find ways to adapt \babel\ to document
+classes that have been developed locally (implementing house style for
+instance). Some have found ways to that without changing any of the
+babel files, others have modified language definition files and have
+found themselves having to make these changes each time a new release
+of \babel\ is made available\footnote{which doesn't happen too often
+ \texttt{;-)}.}. It has been suggested to provide an easier way of
+doing this. Therefore I have copied the concept of configuration files
+from \LaTeXe\ and introduced language configuration files. For each
+language definition file that is loaded \LaTeX\ will try to find a
+configuration file. Such files have the same name as the language
+definition file; except for their extension which has to be
+\file{.cfg}.
+
+\section{Loading hyphenation patterns}
+
+An important change to the core of \babel\ is that the syntax of
+\file{language.dat} has been extended. This was suggested by Bernard
+Gaulle, author of the package \pkg{french}. His package supports an
+enhanced version of \file{language.dat} in which one can optionally
+indicate that a file with a list of hyphenation excpetions has to be
+loaded. It is also possible to have more than one name for the same
+hyphenation pattern register.
+
+\begin{figure}[ht]
+ \figrule
+\begin{verbatim}
+% File : language.dat
+% Purpose : specify which hypenation
+% patterns to load while running
+% iniTeX
+=american
+english hyphen.english exceptions.english
+=USenglish
+french fr8hyph.tex
+english ukhyphen.tex
+=UKenglish
+=british
+dutch hyphen.dutch
+german hyphen.german
+\end{verbatim}
+ \figrule
+ \caption{Example of \file{language.dat}}\label{fig:l.d}
+\end{figure}
+
+As you can see in the example of \file{language.dat} in
+figure~\ref{fig:l.d}, an equals sign ($=$) on the beginning of a line
+now has a significant meaning. It tells \LaTeX\ that the name which
+follows the equals sign is to be an alternate name for the hyphenation
+patterns that were loaded last. As you probably expect, there is one
+exception to this rule: when the first (non-comment) line starts with
+an equals sign it will be an alternate name for the \emph{next}
+hyphenation patterns that will be loaded. Hence, in the example the
+hyphenation patterns stored in the file \file{hyphen.english} will be
+known to \TeX\ as: `american', `english' and `USenglish'. You can also
+see in figuree~\ref{fig:l.d} that for `english' an extra file is
+specified. It will be loaded after \file{hyphen.english} and should
+contain some hyphenation exceptions.
+
+\section{Compatibility with other formats}
+
+This release of \babel\ has been tested with \LaTeXe; with and
+without either of the packages \pkg{inputenc} or \pkg{fontenc}. There
+should no longer be any problems using one (or both) of these packages
+together with \babel.
+
+\noindent This release has also been tested with \textsc{Plain}~\TeX, it should
+not provide any problems when used with that format. Therefore
+\babel~version \osn{3}.\osn{5} should not pose any problems when used
+with any format which is based on \textsc{Plain}~\TeX; this has
+\emph{not} been tested by me though. Some provisions are made to make
+\babel~\osn{3}.\osn{5} work with \LaTeX$\:$\osn{2}.\osn{09}; but not
+all features may work as expected as I haven't tested this fully.
+
+Please note that although it was necessary to copy parts of
+\pkg{inputenc} and \pkg{fontenc} this does not mean that you get
+\textsc{t}\osn{1} support in \textsc{Plain}~\TeX, simply by adding
+\babel. To acheive that much more work is needed.
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/todo.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/todo.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..30f0ddc4fb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/todo.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+Things that still need to be done (2001/02/22) :
+================================================
+
+- Vladimir Volovich suggested to have a babel option mechanism.
+ This may be implemented using something like:
+ \languageoption[<option>,<option>,...]{<language>}
+ (See PR 2814)
+
+- The language attribute mechanism is not completely mature yet. It is
+ currently not possible to switch attibutes on and off in the middle
+ of a document. This restriction might be lifted in a future release.
+
+- I started work on support for hyphenation patterns depending on
+ the encoding. So far this only works when loading the pattern file.
+ The encoding information isn't then subsequently stored as an
+ attribute for that hyphenation register.
+
+- An interface is needed to be able to change the definition of
+ things like \figurename and keep the change over language
+ switches. (PR3291)
+
+- Jean-François Mertens <jfm@core.ucl.ac.be> has developped a fully
+ expandable way of `sanitizing' active characters. It needs thorough
+ testing by a larger number of users before it could be included in
+ the ditribution.
+
+- A suggestion has been made by Ole Laursen <olau@hardworking.dk> to
+ make the comma active to be used as decimal delimiter instead of the
+ dot. This could be provided as an option as more European languages
+ need the comma for that purpose.
+
+- I have a contribution wich provides support for typesetting the
+ Serbian language in the Cyrillic alphabet; this is not yet
+ integrated.
+
+- I have a contribution with support for the Thai language which also
+ needs attntion to integrate it with babel \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/usage.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/usage.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1c3573bdb0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/usage.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+% \iffalse meta-comment
+%
+% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
+%
+% This file is part of the Babel system.
+% --------------------------------------
+%
+% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
+% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
+% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
+% The latest version of this license is in
+% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+% version 2003/12/01 or later.
+%
+% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+%
+% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
+% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
+% information.
+%
+% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
+% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
+% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+% \fi
+\documentclass[11pt]{article}
+\usepackage[american,greek]{babel}
+\languageattribute{greek}{polutoniko}
+\usepackage{athnum,grmath}
+\newcommand{\sg}{\selectlanguage{greek}}
+\newcommand{\sa}{\selectlanguage{american}}
+\begin{document}
+\show\extrasgreek
+%\show\extraspolutonikogreek
+\selectlanguage{american}
+
+\title{Writing Greek with the \ttfamily greek\rmfamily\ option of the
+\ttfamily babel\rmfamily\ package}
+\author{Apostolos Syropoulos\\
+ 366, 28th October Str.\\
+ GR-671 00 Xanthi, GREECE\\
+ e-mail: \texttt{apostolo@platon.ee.duth.gr}}
+\date{October 15, 1997}
+\maketitle
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{Overview}
+The \texttt{greek} option of the \texttt{babel} package is an attempt to
+make it possible for someone to write Greek text with \LaTeX. The current
+version of the \texttt{greek} option supports the \sg polutonik'o \sa\
+accentual system of the Greek language.
+Moreover, there is now support for Greek numerals. One can produce easily
+valid Greek numerals both in uppercase and lowercase forms, e.g,
+\textgreek{\greeknumeral{1997}}\ and \textgreek{\Greeknumeral{1997}}. The
+labels in second and fourth level enumerations are lowercase
+and uppercase Greek numerals correspondingly.
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{Typing Greek Text}
+\TeX\ understands only the basic ASCII characters, so it is not possible
+to enter directly Greek letters. Instead, someone enters Latin letters
+which are mapped to their Greek ``counterparts'' by \TeX. The following
+table shows the transliteration employed:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{|lllllllllllll|}\hline
+\textgreek{a}&
+\textgreek{b}&
+\textgreek{g}&
+\textgreek{d}&
+\textgreek{e}&
+\textgreek{z}&
+\textgreek{h}&
+\textgreek{j}&
+\textgreek{i}&
+\textgreek{k}&
+\textgreek{l}&
+\textgreek{m}&
+\textgreek{n}\\
+a& b& g& d& e& z& h& j& i& k& l& m& n\\
+\hline
+\textgreek{x}&
+\textgreek{o}&
+\textgreek{p}&
+\textgreek{r}&
+\textgreek{sv}&
+\textgreek{t}&
+\textgreek{u}&
+\textgreek{f}&
+\textgreek{q}&
+\textgreek{y}&
+\textgreek{w}&
+\textgreek{c}& \hbox{ } \\
+x& o& p& r& s&
+t& u& f& q& y& w& c& \hbox{ }\\ \hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+Please, note that in order to produce the letter \textgreek{sv} in isolation
+on has to type \texttt{sv}. This feature is due to the strong ligature
+that \TeX\ employs.
+In the ``modern'' \textgreek{monotonik'o} accentual system only one accent is
+used---\textgreek{oxe'ia} (acute). In the traditional \textgreek{polutonik'o}
+accentual system we
+need more accents and breathing signs. We can produce an accented letter by
+prefixing the letter with he symbol that denotes the accent, e.g.,
+\texttt{>a'erac} produces the word \sg >a'erac.\sa\footnote{For the
+technically inclined reader, we must say that \TeX\ uses the ligature table of
+the font in order to determine the character that corresponds to the
+input character sequence.} Here are the symbols that are recognized:
+
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{cccc}\hline
+Accent & Symbol & Example & Output\\ \hline
+acute & \texttt{'} & \texttt{g'ata} & \textgreek{g'ata}\\
+grave & \texttt{`} & \texttt{dad`i} & \textgreek{dad`i}\\
+circumflex & \verb+~+ & \verb+ful~hc+ & \sg\textgreek{ful~hc}\sa\\
+rough breathing & \verb+<+ & \verb+<'otan+ & \sg\textgreek{<'otan}\sa\\
+smooth breathing & \verb+>+ & \verb+>'aneu+ & \sg\textgreek{>'aneu}\sa\\
+subscript & \texttt{|} & \verb+>anate'ilh|+ & \sg\textgreek{>anate'ilh|}\\
+dieresis & \texttt{"}& \texttt{qa"ide'uh|c} & \sg\textgreek{qa"ide'uh|c}\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+Note that the subscript symbol is placed \textbf{after} the letter.
+The last thing someone must know in order to be able to write normal Greek
+text is the punctuation marks used in the language:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{ccc}\hline
+Punctuation Sign & Symbol & Output\\ \hline
+period & \texttt{.} & \sg\textgreek{.}\sa\\
+semicolon & \texttt{;} & \sg\textgreek{;}\sa\\
+exclamation mark & \texttt{!} & \sg\textgreek{!}\sa\\
+comma & \texttt{,} & \sg\textgreek{,}\sa\\
+colon & \texttt{:} & \sg\textgreek{:}\sa\\
+question mark & \texttt{?} & \sg\textgreek{?}\sa\\
+left apostrophe & \texttt{``} & \sg\textgreek{``}\sa\\
+right apostrophe & \texttt{''} & \sg\textgreek{''}\sa\\
+left quotation mark & \texttt{((} & \sg\textgreek{))}\sa\\
+right quotation mark & \texttt{))} & \sg\textgreek{))}\sa\\ \hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+Using these conventions it is a straightforward exercise to write Greek
+\textgreek{polutoniko} text. For example the following excerpt from
+\textgreek{D'uskoloc} of \textgreek{M'enandroc}
+\sg
+\begin{quote}
+T'i f'hic? <Id`wn >enj'ede pa~id'' >eleuj'eran\\
+t`ac plhs'ion N'umfac stefano~usan, S'wstrate,\\
+>er~wn 'ap~hljec e>uj'uc?
+\end{quote}
+\sa can be produced by the following \LaTeX\ code:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{l}
+\verb+T'i f'hic? <Id`wn >enj'ede pa~id'' >eleuj'eran+\\
+\verb+t`ac plhs'ion N'umfac stefano~usan, S'wstrate,+\\
+\verb+>er~wn 'ap~hljec e>uj'uc?+
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\section{Producing Greek Text}
+Once the Greek language is selected with the command
+\begin{center}
+\verb+\selectlanguage{greek}+
+\end{center}
+whatever we type will be typeset with the Greek fonts. The command
+\verb+\textlatin+ can be used for short passages in some language that
+uses the Latin alphabet, while the the command \verb+\latintext+ changes
+the base fonts to the ones used by languages that use the Latin alphabet.
+However, all words will be hyphenated by following the Greek hyphenation
+rules! Similar commands are available once someone has selected some
+other language. The commands \verb+\textgreek+ and \verb+\greektext+
+behave exactly like their ``latin'' counterparts. For example, the
+word \textgreek{M'imhc} has been produced with the command
+\verb+\textgreek{M'imhc}+. Please note that certain symbols cannot have
+their expected result for Greek text, unless someone has selected the Greek
+language, e.g., \verb+~+ is such a symbol.
+
+As we have mentioned above this version of the \texttt{greek} option of the
+\texttt{babel} package supports the use of Greek numerals. The commands
+\verb+\greeknumeral+ and \verb+\Greeknumeral+ produce the lowercase and
+the uppercase Greek numeral, e.g.,
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{cc}\hline
+Command & Output\\ \hline
+\verb+\Greeknumeral{9999}+ & \sg\textgreek{\Greeknumeral{9999}}\\
+\verb+\greeknumeral{9999}+ & \sg\textgreek{\greeknumeral{9999}}\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+In order to correctly typeset the greek numerals the greek option file
+provides the following commands:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{cc}\hline
+Command & Output\\ \hline
+\verb+\qoppa+ & \textgreek{\qoppa}\\
+\verb+\sampi+ & \textgreek{\sampi}\\
+\verb+\stigma+ & \textgreek{\stigma}\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+In traditional Greek typography the first paragraph after a header is
+always indented, contrary to the habit of, say, American typography. This
+effect can be achieved by using the package \verb+indentfirst+.
+
+Additional greek symbols are available:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{cc}\hline
+Command & Output\\ \hline
+\verb+\Digamma+ & \sg\textgreek{\Digamma}\\
+\verb+\ddigamma+ & \sg\textgreek{\ddigamma}\\
+%\verb+\tao+ & \sg\textgreek{\tao}\\
+%\verb+\Qoppa+ & \sg\textgreek{\Qoppa}\\
+%\verb|\VarQoppa| & \sg\textgreek{\VarQoppa}\\
+%\verb+\varqoppa+ & \sg\textgreek{\varqoppa}\\
+%\verb+\Sampi+ & \sg\textgreek{\Sampi}\\
+%\verb|\Stigma| & \sg\textgreek{\Stigma}\\
+\verb|\euro| & \sg\textgreek{\euro}\\
+\verb|\permill| & \sg\textgreek{\permill}\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+The package \verb|athnum| provides the command \verb|\athnum|, with which
+one can produce the so called \textit{Athenian numerals}:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{cc}\hline
+Command & Output\\ \hline
+\verb|\athnum{1997}| & \sg\textgreek{\athnum{1997}}\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+
+The package \verb|grmath| renames the basic log-like functions with their
+greek counterparts:
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{cc}\hline
+Command & Output\\ \hline
+\verb|$\sin^{2}x+\cos^{2}x=1$| & $\sin^{2}x+\cos^{2}y=1$\\
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{center}
+\end{document}
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