babel-italian (30sep13)

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@31799 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

4 files changed, 694 insertions, 463 deletions

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-italian/italian.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-italian/italian.pdf
index 6ad781add3e..32dc970711f 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-italian/italian.pdf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel-italian/italian.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.dtx b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.dtx
index d054726438b..3e0a6059e20 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.dtx
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.dtx
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 % \iffalse meta-comment
 %
-% Copyright 1989-2008 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+% Copyright 1989-2004 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
 % listed elsewhere in this file.  All rights reserved.
-% 
+%
 % This file is part of the Babel system.
 % --------------------------------------
-% 
+%
 % It may be distributed and/or modified under the
 % conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
 % of this license or (at your option) any later version.
@@ -13,20 +13,21 @@
 %   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
 % and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
 % version 2003/12/01 or later.
-% 
+%
 % This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-% 
-% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
-% 
-% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
+%
+% The Current Maintainer of the babel system is Javier Bezos
+% The current maintainer of Italian language support is Claudio Beccari
+%
+% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX base distribution is
 % given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
 % information.
-% 
+%
 % The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
 % and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
 % extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
 % \fi
-% \CheckSum{424}
+% \CheckSum{611}
 % \iffalse
 %    Tell the \LaTeX\ system who we are and write an entry on the
 %    transcript.
@@ -36,25 +37,29 @@
 %<code>\ProvidesLanguage{italian}
 %\fi
 %\ProvidesFile{italian.dtx}
-        [2008/03/14 v1.2t Italian support from the babel system]
+        [2013/09/27 v1.3 Italian support from the babel system]
 %\iffalse
 %% File `italian.dtx'
 %% Babel package for LaTeX version 2e
-%% Copyright (C) 1989 - 2008
+%% Copyright (C) 1989 - 2004
 %%           by Johannes Braams, TeXniek
 %
-%% Please report errors to: J.L. Braams
-%%                          babel at braams.xs4all.nl
-%%                          Claudio Beccari 
-%%                          claudio.beccari at gmail.it
+%% Italian support for the babel package
+%% Copyright (C) 2013
+%%           by Claudio Beccari
+%%
+%% Please report errors to: claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com
 %
 %    This file is part of the babel system, it provides the source
 %    code for the Italian language definition file.
 %    The original version of this file was written by Maurizio
-%    Codogno, (mau@beatles.cselt.stet.it). Several features were added
-%    by Claudio Beccari, (beccari@polito.it).
+%    Codogno, (mau@beatles.cselt.stet.it). 
+%    The package was completely rewritten by Claudio Beccari, who added
+%    several features.
 %<*filedriver>
 \documentclass{ltxdoc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{lmodern}
 \newcommand*\TeXhax{\TeX hax}
 \newcommand*\babel{\textsf{babel}}
 \newcommand*\langvar{$\langle \it lang \rangle$}
@@ -99,24 +104,57 @@
 %    with package units.sty; adjusted caporali functionality, since
 %    the previous one did not work with the standard (although obsolete)
 %    slides class file}
-% \changes{italian-1.2s}{2007/01/12}{Corrected email of CB}
+% \changes{italian-1.3}{2013/09/29}{Completely changed the Italian
+%   guillemet functionality in order to simplify their handling}
+% \changes{italian-1.3}{2013/09/30}{Eliminated the \emph{traditional} attribute;
+%   the same functionality is obtained with the declaration \cs{XXIletters}}
+% \changes{italian-1.3}{2-13/09/30}{Command \cs{unit} is disabled if packages
+%   units, SIunits, or siunitx have been loaded; this control is now deferred
+%   at the end of the preamble, when all packages have already been loaded}
+%
 %  \section{The Italian language}
 %
+%    \textbf{Important notice:} This language description file relies on
+%    functionalities provided by a modern TeX system distribution with
+%    pdfLATeX working in extended mode (eTeX commands available); it
+%    should perform correctly also with XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX; tests have
+%    been made also with the latter programs, but it was really tested in
+%    depth with |babel| and pdfLaTeX.
+%
+%    \bigskip
+%
 %    The file \file{\filename}\footnote{The file described in this
 %    section has version number \fileversion\ and was last revised on
 %    \filedate. The original author is Maurizio Codogno,
-%    (\texttt{mau@beatles.cselt.stet.it}). It has been largely revised
-%    by Johannes Braams and Claudio Beccari} defines all the
-%    language-specific macros for the Italian language.
+%    (\texttt{mau@beatles.cselt.stet.it}). It was initially revised
+%    by Johannes Braams and then completely rewritten by Claudio Beccari}
+%    defines all the language-specific macros for the Italian language.
+%
+%    \begin{table}[htb]\centering
+%    \begin{tabular}{cp{80mm}}
+%    |"|    & inserts a compound word mark where hyphenation is legal;
+%             it allows etymological hyphenation which is recommended
+%             for technical terms, chemical names and the like; it
+%             does not work if the next character is represented with
+%             a control sequence or is an accented character.\\
+%    \texttt{\string"\string|}
+%           & the same as the above without the limitation on
+%            characters represented with control sequences or accented
+%            ones.\\
+%    |""|   & inserts open quotes ``.\\ %^^A'' emacs matching
+%    |"<|   & inserts open guillemets.\\
+%    |">|   & inserts closed guillemets.\\
+%    |"/|   & equivalent to |\slash|
+%    \end{tabular}
+%    \caption{Shortcuts for the Italian language}\label{t:itshrtct}
+%    \end{table}
 %
 %    The features of this language definition file are the following:
 %    \begin{enumerate}
-%    \item The Italian hyphenation is invoked, provided that file
-%      \texttt{ithyph.tex} was loaded when the \LaTeXe\ format was
-%      built; in case it was not, read the information coming with your
-%      distribution of the \TeX\ software, and the \babel\
-%      documentation.
-%    \item The language dependent fixed words to be inserted by such
+%    \item The Italian hyphenation is invoked, provided that the Italian 
+%      hyphenation pattern files were loaded when the specific format file
+%      was built.
+%    \item The language dependent infix words to be inserted by such
 %      commands as |\chapter|, |\caption|, |\tableofcontents|,
 %      etc. are redefined in accordance with the Italian
 %      typographical practice.
@@ -127,69 +165,76 @@
 %      penultimate line of a paragraph. Specifically the |\clubpenalty|,
 %      and the |\widowpenalty| are set to rather high values and
 %      |\finalhyphendemerits| is set to such a high value that
-%      hyphenation is prohibited between the last two lines of a
-%      paragraph. In orer to make it consistent, also |\@clubpenalty|
-%      is set to the same value; actualy the latter value is the
-%      reset value after every sectioning command, so that after the
-%      first section, |\clubpenalty| is reset to the low default value.
-%      Thanks to Enrico Gregorio for spotting this serious bug.
+%      hyphenation is strongly discouraged between the last two lines
+%      of a paragraph.
 %    \item Some language specific shortcuts have been defined so as to
 %      allow etymological hyphenation, specifically |"| inserts a
 %      break point in any word boundary that the typesetter chooses,
-%      provided it is not followed by and accented letter (very unlikely
+%      provided it is not followed by an accented letter (very unlikely
 %      in Italian, where compulsory accents fall only on the last and
-%      ending vowel of a word, but may take place with compound words
+%      ending vowel of a word, but it may take place with compound words
 %      that include foreign roots), and \verb="|= when the desired break
-%      point falls before an accented letter.
+%      point falls before an accented letter. 
 %    \item The shortcut |""| introduces the raised (English) opening
 %      double quotes; this shortcut proves its usefulness when one
 %      reminds that the Italian keyboard misses the backtick key, and
 %      the backtick on a Windows based platform may be obtained only by
-%      pressing the \texttt{Alt} key while inputting the numerical code
-%      0096; very, very annoying!
-%    \item The shortcuts |"<| and |">| insert the French guillemots,
-%      sometimes used in Italian typography; with the T1 font encoding
+%      pressing the \texttt{Alt} key while keying the numerical code
+%      0096 in the numeric keypad; very, very annoying!
+%    \item The shortcuts |"<| and |">| insert the guillemets sometimes
+%      used also in Italian typography; with the T1 font encoding
 %      the ligatures |<<| and |>>| should insert such signs directly,
 %      but not all the  virtual fonts that claim to follow the T1 font
-%      encoding actually contain the guillemots; with the OT1 encoding
-%      the guillemots are not available and must be faked in some
+%      encoding actually contain the guillemets; with the OT1 encoding
+%      the guillemets are not available and must be faked in some
 %      way. By using the |"<| and |">| shortcuts (even with the T1
 %      encoding) the necessary tests are performed and in case the
-%      suitable glyphs are taken from other fonts normally available
-%      with any good, modern \LaTeX\ distribution.
+%      guillemets are faked by means of the special LaTeX math symbols.
+%      At the same time if OpenType fonts are being used with XeLaTeX
+%      or LuaLaTeX, there are no problems with guillemets.\footnote{At
+%      the date of writing actually there are some problems with LuaLaTeX,
+%      in the sense that the real guillemets << and >>  work as they
+%      should, while the \texttt{<{}<} and \texttt{>{}>} ligatures don't;
+%      the bug is due to the lack of some lines in the features description
+%      file of OpenType fonts for LuaLaTeX; the bug has already been
+%      submitted to the LuaTeX Team; is is very likely that when you use
+%      this Italian language description file, the bug has already been
+%      corrected.}
 %    \item Three new specific commands |\unit|, |\ped|, and |\ap| are
 %      introduced so as to  enable the correct composition of technical
-%      mathematics according to the ISO~31/XI recommendations. |\unit|
-%      does not get redefined if the \babel\ package is loaded \emph{after}
-%      the package \texttt{units.sty} whose homonymous command plays
-%      a different role and follows a different syntax.
+%      mathematics according to the ISO~31/XI recommendations. 
+%      The definition of |\unit| takes place only at ``begin document"
+%      so that it is possible to verify if some other similar functionalites
+%      have already been defined by other packages, such as |unit.sty|
+%      or |siunitx.sty|.
+%    \item Since in all languages different from English the decimal separator
+%      according to the ISO regulations \emph{must} be a comma, and since
+%      no language description file nor the \babel\ package itself provides
+%      for this deficiency, a simple intelligent comma definition is
+%      provided such that at least in mathematics it behaves correctly.
+%      There are other packages that provide a similar functionality, for
+%      example |icomma| and |ncccomma|; I believe that my solution is better
+%      than that  provided by both those packages; but, since this
+%      functionality may be turned on or off at the user will, those
+%      packages may still be used By default this functionality is turned
+%      off, therefore the user should turn it on by means of the
+%      |\IntelligentComma| command; it can turn it off by means of
+%      |\NoIntelligentComma|.
+%    \item In Italian legal documents it is common to tag list-items
+%      with the old fashioned 21-letter Italian alphabet, that differs from
+%      the Latin one by the omission of the letters `j', `k', `w',`x', and
+%     `y'. This applies for both upper and lower case tags.
+%      This feature is obtained by using the commands |\XXIletters| and
+%      |\XXVIletters| that allow to switch back and forth
+%      between 21- and 26-letter tagging.
 %    \end{enumerate}
 %
-%    For this language a limited number of shortcuts has been defined,
+%    For this language a few shortcuts have been defined,
 %    table~\ref{t:itshrtct}, some of which are used to overcome
 %    certain limitations of the Italian keyboard; in
 %    section~\ref{s:itkbd} there are other comments and hints in order
 %    to overcome some other keyboard limitations.
 %
-%    \begin{table}[htb]\centering
-%    \begin{tabular}{cp{80mm}}
-%    |"|    & inserts a compound word mark where hyphenation is legal;
-%             it allows etymological hyphenation which is recommended
-%             for technical terms, chemical names and the like; it
-%             does not work if the next character is represented with
-%             a control sequence or is an accented character.\\
-%    \texttt{\string"\string|}
-%           & the same as the above without the limitation on
-%            characters represented with control sequences or accented
-%            ones.\\
-%    |""|   & inserts open quotes ``.\\ %^^A'' emacs matching
-%    |"<|   & inserts open guillemots.\\
-%    |">|   & inserts closed guillemots.\\
-%    |"/|   & equivalent to |\slash|
-%    \end{tabular}
-%    \caption{Shortcuts for the Italian language}\label{t:itshrtct}
-%    \end{table}
-%
 % \StopEventually{%
 %    \begin{thebibliography}{1}
 %    \bibitem{CBec} Beccari C., ``Computer Aided Hyphenation for
@@ -207,8 +252,10 @@
 %    initial checks}
 % \changes{italian-1.2j}{1996/12/29}{Added braces around second arg of
 %    \cs{LdfInit}}
-%    \begin{macrocode}
+%\iffalse
 %<*code>
+%\fi
+%    \begin{macrocode}
 \LdfInit{italian}{captionsitalian}%
 %    \end{macrocode}
 %
@@ -268,7 +315,7 @@
   \def\enclname{Allegati}%
   \def\ccname{e~p.~c.}%
   \def\headtoname{Per}%
-  \def\pagename{Pag.}%    % in Italian the abbreviation is preferred
+  \def\pagename{Pag.}%   
   \def\seename{vedi}%
   \def\alsoname{vedi anche}%
   \def\proofname{Dimostrazione}%
@@ -309,9 +356,6 @@
 % \changes{italian-1.2b}{1994/05/19}{Added setting of club- and
 %    widowpenalty}
 %    Lower the chance that clubs or widows occur.
-% \changes{italian-1.2t}{2007/12/10}{Added \cs{@clubpenalty} to the
-%    italian specific settings, otherwise any sectioning command restores
-%    it to the default value valid for english and most other languages}
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 \addto\extrasitalian{%
   \babel@savevariable\clubpenalty
@@ -349,11 +393,90 @@
 % \end{macro}
 % \end{macro}
 %
+% \changes{italian-1.2v}{2010/01/02}{Support for traditional Italian}
+%    In some traditional texts, especially of legal nature, enumerations labelled
+%    with lower or upper case letters use the reduced Latin alphabet that omits
+%    the so called ``non Italian letters'': j, k, w, x, and y. 
+%
+% \changes{italian-1.2w}{20101/01/03}{Added switching mechanism between normal
+%    and traditional enumeration labelling}
+% \changes{italian-1.3}{2013/09/27}{The |traditional| language attribute has
+%    been dropped while the commands to switch back and forth from 21- to
+%    26-letter alphabet are retained}
+% \begin{macro}{\XXIletters}
+% \begin{macro}{\XXVIletters}
+%    At the same time it is considered useful to have the posssibility of
+%    switching back and forth from the 21-letter tagging and the 26-letter one.
+%    This requires a counter that keeps the switching status (0 for 21 letters
+%    and 1 for 26 letters) and commands |\XXIletters| and |\XXVIletters| 
+%    to set the switch. Default is 26 letter tagging.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\newcount\it@lettering \it@lettering=\@ne
+\newcommand*\XXIletters{\it@lettering=\z@}
+\newcommand*\XXVIletters{\it@lettering=\@ne}
+\let\bbl@alph\@alph \let\bbl@Alph\@Alph
+\addto\extrasitalian{\babel@savevariable\it@lettering
+  \let\@alph\it@alph \let\@Alph\it@Alph}
+\addto\noextrasitalian{\let\@alph\bbl@alph\let\@Alph\bbl@Alph}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+% \end{macro}
+% \end{macro}
+%    To make this feasible it's necessary to redefine the way the \LaTeX\ |\@alph|
+%    and |\@Alph| work. Let's make the alternate definitions:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\def\it@alph#1{%
+\ifcase\it@lettering
+   \ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or
+   l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or
+   z\else\@ctrerr\fi
+\or
+   \ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or
+   j\or k\or l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or
+   w\or x\or y\or z\else\@ctrerr\fi
+\fi}%
+\def\it@Alph#1{%
+\ifcase\it@lettering
+   \ifcase#1\or A\or B\or C\or D\or E\or F\or G\or H\or I\or
+   L\or M\or N\or O\or P\or Q\or R\or S\or T\or U\or V\or
+   Z\else\@ctrerr\fi
+\or
+   \ifcase#1\or A\or B\or C\or D\or E\or F\or G\or H\or I\or
+   J\or K\or L\or M\or N\or O\or P\or Q\or R\or S\or T\or U\or V\or
+   W\or X\or Y\or Z\else\@ctrerr\fi
+\fi}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+% In order to have a complete description, the situation is this:
+%    \begin{enumerate}
+%    \item If you want to always use the 21-letter item tagging, simply
+%       use the |\XXIletters| declaration just after |\begin{document}|
+%       and this setting remains global (provided, of course, that the
+%       declaration is defined, therefore that the Italian language is the
+%       default one); in this way the setting is global while you use
+%       the Italian language.
+%    \item The |XXLIletter| command, issued outside any environment sets
+%       the 26-letter item tagging in a global way; this setting is the default one.
+%    \item If you specify |\XXIletters| just before entering an
+%       environment that uses alphabetic tagging, this environment will
+%       be tagged with the 21-letter alphabet, but this is a local setting,
+%       because the letter taggingg takes place only from the second level
+%       of enumeration.
+%    \item The declarations |\XXIletters| and |\XXVIletters| let you 
+%      switch back and forth between the two kinds of tagging, But this
+%      kind of tagging, the 21-letter one, is meaningful only in Italian
+%      and when you change language, letter tagging reverts to the 26-letter
+%      one. 
+%    \end{enumerate}
+%
 % \changes{italian-1.2m}{2000/01/05}{Support for etymological
 %    hyphenation}
 %
 %   \subsection{Support for etymological hyphenation}
-%
+
+%    In Italian such etymological hyphenation is desirable with
+%    technical terms, chemical names, and the like.
+
+%    \subsubsection{Some history}
 %    In his article on Italian hyphenation \cite{CBec} Beccari pointed
 %    out that the Italian language gets hyphenated on a phonetic
 %    basis, although etymological hyphenation is allowed; this is in
@@ -370,8 +493,8 @@
 %    languages, that \babel\ from the very beginning developed
 %    the tradition of making the |"| character active so as to perform
 %    several actions that turned useful with every language.
-%    One of these actions consisted in defining the shortcut \verb="|=
-%    that was extensively used in German and in many other languages
+%    One of these actions consisted in defining the shortcut \verb="|=,
+%    that was extensively used in German and in many other languages,
 %    in order to insert a discretionary hyphen such that hyphenation
 %    would not be precluded in the rest of the word as it happens with
 %    the standard \TeX\ command |\-|.
@@ -381,30 +504,31 @@
 %    less standard and are widely used by virtually all Europeans that
 %    write languages with many special national characters; by so
 %    doing they avoid the use of the |\accent| primitive which would
-%    be required with the standard \texttt{cm} fonts; with the latter
-%    fonts the primitive command |\accent| is such that hyphenation
-%    becomes almost impossible, in any case strongly impeached.
-%
-%    The \texttt{ec} fonts contain a special character, named
-%    ``compound word mark'', that occupies position 23 in the font
-%    scheme and may be input with the sequence |^^W|. Up to now,
-%    apparently, this special character has never been used in a
-%    practical way for the typesetting of languages rich of compound
-%    words; also it has never been inserted in the hyphenation pattern
+%    be required with the standard OT1 encoded \texttt{cm} fonts;
+%    with such OT1 encoded fonts the primitive command |\accent| is such
+%    that hyphenation becomes almost impossible, in any case strongly
+%    impeached.
+%
+%    The T1 encoded fonts contain a special character, named
+%    ``compound word mark'', that occupies slot 23 (or |'27| or |"17|
+%    in the font scheme and may be input with the sequence |^^W|.
+%    Up to now, apparently, this special character has never been used
+%    in a practical way for typesetting languages rich of compound
+%    words; moreover it has never been inserted in the hyphenation pattern
 %    files of any language. Beccari modified his pattern file
 %    \file{ithyph.tex v4.8b} for Italian so as to contain five new
 %    patterns that involve |^^W|, and he tried to give the
-%    \babel\ active character |"|  a new shortcut definition,
+%    \babel\ active character |"| a new shortcut definition,
 %    so as to allow the insertion of the ``compound word mark'' in the
 %    proper place within any word where two semantic fragments join
 %    up. With such facility for marking the compound word boundaries,
 %    etymological hyphenation becomes possible even if the patterns
 %    know nothing about etymology (but the typesetter hopefully
 %    does!).
-%    In Italian such etymological hyphenation is desirable with
-%    technical terms, chemical names, and the like.
 %
-%    Even this solution proved to be inconvenient on certain UN*X
+%    \subsubsection{The current solution}
+%
+%    Even this solution proved to be inconvenient on certain *NIX
 %    platforms, so Beccari resorted to another approach that uses the
 %    \babel\ active character |"| and relies on the category
 %    code of the character that follows |"|.
@@ -438,14 +562,14 @@
 %    execution a temporary variable \cs{it@temp} is made equivalent to
 %    the next token in the input list without actually removing
 %    it. Such temporary token is then tested by the macro \cs{it@cwm}
-%    and if it is found to be a letter token, then it introduces a
+%    and if it is found to be a letter token (cathode=11), then it introduces a
 %    compound word separator control sequence \cs{it@allowhyphens}
 %    whose expansion introduces a discretionary hyphen and an
-%    unbreakable space; in case the token is not a letter, then it is
+%    unbreakable null space; in case the token is not a letter, then it is
 %    tested against \verb=|=$_{12}$: if so a compound word separator
 %    is inserted and the \verb=|= token is removed, otherwise another
 %    test is performed so as to see if another double quote sign
-%    follows: in this case a double open quote mark is inserted,
+%    follows: in this case a double open quote mark is inserted;
 %    otherwise two other tests are performed so as to see if
 %    guillemets have to be inserted, otherwise nothing is done.
 %    The double quote shortcut for inserting a double open quote sign
@@ -454,10 +578,8 @@
 %    backtick key.
 %    By this shortcut |""| becomes equivalent to |``| for inserting
 %    raised open high double quotes.
-% \changes{italian-1.2r}{2005/11/17}{Added \cs{nobreak} to
-%    \cs{it@@cwm} and corrected \cs{it@next}}
 %    \begin{macrocode}
-\def\it@@cwm{\nobreak\discretionary{-}{}{}\nobreak\hskip\z@skip}%
+\def\it@@cwm{\nobreak\discretionary{-}{}{}\hskip\z@skip}%
 \def\it@@ocap#1{\it@ocap}\def\it@@ccap#1{\it@ccap}%
 \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@cwm}{\let\it@@next\relax
 \ifcat\noexpand\it@temp a%
@@ -473,7 +595,7 @@
                 \def\it@@next{\it@@ccap}%
             \else
                 \if\noexpand\it@temp\string/%
-                    \def\it@@next{\slash\@gobble}%
+                    \def\it@next{\slash\@gobble}%
                 \else
                     \ifx\it@temp"%
                         \def\it@@next{``\@gobble}%
@@ -497,7 +619,7 @@
 %    not taken as a unit.
 %    A chemical name such as \texttt{des"clor"fenir"amina"cloridrato}
 %    is breakable as \textsf{des-clor-fe-nir-ami-na-clo-ri-dra-to}
-%    instead of \textsf{de-sclor-fe-ni-ra-mi-na-...}
+%    instead of \textsf{de-sclor-fe-ni-ra-mi-na-\dots}
 %
 %    In other language description files a shortcut is defined so as
 %    to allow a break point without actually inserting any hyphen
@@ -524,24 +646,39 @@
 %    used that performs exactly as |"| normally does, except that the
 %    \verb!|! sign is removed from the token input list:
 %    \verb!kilo"|{\"o}rsted! gets hyphenated as
-%    \texttt{ki-lo-\"or-sted}.
+%    \texttt{ki-lo-\"or-sted}; but also 
+%    \texttt{kilo\string"\string|\"orsted} gets hyphenated correctly
+%    as \texttt{ki-lo-\"or-sted} The \verb="|= macro is necessary
+%    because, even with a suitable option specified to the |inputenc|
+%    package, the letter `\"o' does not have category code 11, as the ASCII
+%    letters do, because of the intermediate passages that have to be done
+%    in order to fetch the proper glyph in the output font.
 %
 %    \changes{italian-1.2l}{1999/04/05}{Added useful macros for
 %    fulfilling ISO 31/XI regulations}
 %
 %   \subsection{Facilities required by the ISO 31/XI regulations}
 %    The ISO 31/XI regulations require that units of measure are
-%    typeset in upright font in any circumstance, math or text, and
+%    typeset in upright font in both math and text, and
 %    that in text mode they are separated from the  numerical
 %    indication of the measure with an unbreakable (thin) space.
 %    The command |\unit| that was defined for achieving this
-%    goal happened to conflict with the homonymous command defined by
-%    the package \texttt{units.sty}; we therefore need to test if that
-%    package has already been loaded so as to avoid conflicts; we assume
-%    that if the user loads that package, s/he wants to use that package
+%    goal happened to conflict with the homonymous command defined by the
+%    \texttt{units.sty}; we therefore need to test if that package
+%    has already been loaded so as to avoid conflicts; we assume that
+%    if the user loads that package, s/he wants to use that package
 %    facilities and command syntax.
+%    
+%    Actually there are around several packages that help to typeset 
+%    units of measure in the proper way; besides |units.sty| there is also 
+%    |siunitx.sty| that nowadays offers the best performances in this
+%    domain. Therefore we keep controlling the possibility that
+%    |units.sty| has been loaded just for backwards compatibility, but
+%    we must do the same with |siunitx.sty|. In order to avoid the
+%    necessity o loading packages in a certain order, we delay the test
+%    until |\begin{document}|.
 %
-%    The same regulations require also that super and subscripts
+%    The same ISO regulations require also that super and subscripts
 %    (apices and pedices) are in upright font, \emph{not in math
 %    italics}, when they represent ``adjectives'' or appositions to
 %    mathematical or physical variables that do not represent
@@ -567,16 +704,21 @@
 %    \begin{macro}{\ped}
 %    First we define the new (internal) commands |\bbl@unit|, |\bbl@ap|,
 %    and |\bbl@ped| as robust ones.
-% \changes{italian-1.2q}{2005/02/05}{Added testing for avoiding conflicts
-%     with the units.sty package}
+% \changes{italian-1.3}{2013/09/27}{Added testing to avoid conflicts
+%     with the units.sty and  siunitx.sty packages}
 %    \begin{macrocode}
-\@ifpackageloaded{units}{}{%
-  \DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@unit}[1]{%
-    \textormath{\,\mbox{#1}}{\,\mathrm{#1}}}%
-  }%
-\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@ap}[1]{%
+\def\activate@it@unit{\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@it@unit}[1]{%
+    \textormath{\,\textup{##1}}{\,\mathrm{##1}}}}
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+\@ifpackageloaded{units}{}{\@ifpackageloaded{siunitx}{}{%
+  \@ifpackageloaded{SIunits}{}{%
+  \activate@it@unit\addto\extrasitalian{%
+    \babel@save\unit\let\unit\bbl@it@unit}\selectlanguage{italian}%
+  }}}%
+}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@it@ap}[1]{%
   \textormath{\textsuperscript{#1}}{^{\mathrm{#1}}}}%
-\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@ped}[1]{%
+\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@it@ped}[1]{%
   \textormath{$_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@
         \selectfont#1}}$}{_\mathrm{#1}}}%
 %    \end{macrocode}
@@ -585,19 +727,168 @@
 %    in Italian mode typesetting, we first memorize their meaning so
 %    as to restore them on exit.
 %    \begin{macrocode}
-\@ifpackageloaded{units}{}{%
-  \addto\extrasitalian{%
-    \babel@save\unit\let\unit\bbl@unit}%
-  }%
 \addto\extrasitalian{%
-  \babel@save\ap\let\ap\bbl@ap
-  \babel@save\ped\let\ped\bbl@ped
+  \babel@save\ap\let\ap\bbl@it@ap
+  \babel@save\ped\let\ped\bbl@it@ped
   }%
 %    \end{macrocode}
 %    \end{macro}
 %    \end{macro}
 %    \end{macro}
 %
+% \section{Intelligent comma}
+%
+%    \begin{macro}{\IntelligentComma}
+%    \begin{macro}{\NoINtellgentComma}
+%    This feature is optional, in the sense that it is necessary to issue
+%    a specific command to activate it; actually it sets a switch and according
+%    to this switch the  functionality is activated or dismissed.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\newcount\Virgola
+\Virgola=\z@
+\newcommand*\IntelligentComma{\Virgola=\@ne}
+\newcommand*\NoIntelligentComma{\Virgola=\z@}
+\addto\extrasitalian{\babel@savevariable\Virgola}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%    In order to have this functionality work properly with pdfLaTeX,
+%    XeLaTeX, and LuaLaTeX, it is necessary to discover which engine
+%    is being used, or better, wichich language handling package is
+%    being used: |babel| or |polyglossia|? Let us remember that testing
+%    the actual engine, as it would be possible with package |iftex|,
+%    does not tell the whole truth, because in the case of LuaLaTeX, that
+%    is similar to XeLaTeX  for what concerns handling of OpenType fonts,
+%    it uses the same engine as pdfLATeX and can use either |babel| or 
+%    |polyglossia|, so this is the real discriminant factor, not the
+%    typesetting engine.
+%
+%    At the same time we need to perform some tests that require some
+%    smart control-sequence handling; therefore we call the |etoolbox|
+%    package that allow us more testing functionality. There are no problems
+%    with this package that can be invoked also by other ones before or
+%    after |babel| is called; the |\RequirePackage| mechanism is sufficiently
+%    smart to avoid reloading of the same package more than once. But we
+%    have to delay this call, because |italian.ldf| is being read while
+%    processing the options passed to |babel|, and this is forbidden; we
+%    delay it at the end of processing the |babel| package itself.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\AtEndOfPackage{\RequirePackage{etoolbox}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%
+%    \begin{macro}{\virgola}
+%    \begin{macro}{\virgoladecimale}
+%    We need two kind of commas, one that is a decimal separator, and 
+%    a second one that is a punctuation mark.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+ \DeclareMathSymbol{\virgola}{\mathpunct}{letters}{"3B}
+ \DeclareMathSymbol{\virgoladecimale}{\mathord}{letters}{"3B}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%    \end{macro}
+%    \end{macro}
+%
+%    Then we need a command to set the comma as an active charter only
+%    in math mode; the special |\mathcode| that classifies an active
+%    character in math is the exadecimal value |"8000|. But we have
+%    to set this value only when the current lagguage is not English
+%    or one of its varieties.
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\AtEndOfPackage{%
+\AtEndPreamble{%
+  \@ifpackageloaded{polyglossia}{%
+    \ifcsstring{xpg@main@language}{english}{\relax}{%
+      \mathcode`\,=\string"8000}
+  }{%
+    \ifcsstring{languagename}{english}{\relax}{%
+      \mathcode`\,=\string"8000}
+  }
+}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%    Math comma activation is done only after the preamble has
+%    been completed, that is after the |\begin{document}| statement has been
+%    completely executed. Now we must give a definition to the active comma:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+{\catcode `,=\active \gdef,{\futurelet\let@token\m@thcomma}}%
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%    The real work shall be performed by |\m@thcomma|. This follows after
+%    a few words of explanation; the above statement stores the token that
+%    follows the |\m@thcomma| macro into a temporary control sequence that
+%    behaves as an implicit character if that token is a single character,
+%    even a space, or behaves as an alias of a macro otherwise. So first
+%    we test if the comma must act intelligently; if the counter |\Virgola|
+%    contains zero, we assume that the comma must always perform as a punctuation
+%    mark; but if we want to distinguish if it must behave as a decimal
+%    separator we have to perform more delicate tests.
+%
+%    In particular we must test if the next char has category code 12,
+%    that is ``other character'', not a letter, nor other special signs,
+%    as the space for example. In this case the comma must act as a
+%    punctuation mark; but if it has category code 12, it might be a
+%    digit, or another character; so we have to test the nature of a
+%    digit; the simplest way I found to test if a token is a digit is
+%    to test its ASCII code against the ASCII codes of `0' (zero) and 9.
+%    The typesetting engines give the backtick, |`|, the property that
+%    when a number is required, it yields the ASCII code if the following
+%    token in an explicit character or a macro argument; this is why we
+%    can't use the temporary implicit token we just tested, but we must
+%    examine the first non blank token that follows the |\m@thcomma|
+%    macro. Only if the token is a digit, we use the decimal comma,
+%    otherwise the punctuation mark. This is therefore the definition of
+%    the |\m@thcomma| macro which is not that simple, although the testing
+%    macros have clear meanings:
+%    \begin{macrocode}
+\AtEndOfPackage{%
+\AtEndPreamble{%
+\gdef\m@thcomma#1{%
+\ifnumequal{\Virgola}{\z@}{\virgola#1}{%
+  \unless\ifcat\noexpand\let@token*%
+    \virgola
+  \else
+    \ifcsundef{\expandafter\@gobble\string #1}{%
+        \ifnumless{`#1}{`0}{\virgola}%
+          {\ifnumgreater{`#1}{`9}{\virgola}%
+            {\virgoladecimale}%
+          }%
+    }{\virgola}%
+  \fi#1}}%
+}}
+%    \end{macrocode}
+%    This definition is pretty intelligent, but the context does not
+%    give enough informations to this `intelligence' in just one case:
+%    when the comma plays the r\^ole of a serial separator in expressions
+%    such as $i=1, 2, 3,\dots,\infty$, entered as 
+%    \verb*?$i=1, 2, 3,\dots,\infty$?. In this case and only in this
+%    case the comma must be followed by an explicit space, otherwise
+%    the macro takes the following non blank token as a digit, and
+%    actually it is a digit, and uses the decimal comma instead, which
+%    would be wrong. The control sequences |\dots| and |\infty| are
+%    tested to see if they are undefined, and since they are defined, the macro
+%    inserts a punctuation mark, instead of a decimal separator.
+%
+%    Notice the this macro appears to be inconsistent with the contents
+%    of a language description file. I don't agree: matter of facts even
+%    math is part of typesetting a text in a certain language; does this
+%    set of macros influence other language description files? May be,
+%    but I think that the clever use of the macros |\IntelligentComma|
+%    and |\NoIntellingentComma| may solve any interference; they allow to
+%    use the proper mark even if the Italian language is not the main
+%    language, the important point is to turn the switch on and off.
+%    By default it is off, so there should not be any interference even
+%    with legacy documents typeset in Italian.
+%
+%    Notice that there are other packages that contain facilities for
+%    using the decimal comma as the correct decimal separator; for
+%    example |siunitx| defines a command |\num| that not only correctly
+%    spaces the decimal separator, but also can change the input glyph
+%    with another one, so that it is possible to copy and paste numbers
+%    from texts in English (with the decimal point)  and paste them
+%    into the argument of the |\num| macro in an Italian document where
+%    the decimal point is changed automatically into a decimal comma. Of
+%    course |siunitx| does much more than that; if it's being loaded,
+%    then the default |\NoIntelligentComma| declaration disables the
+%    functionality defined in this language description file and the
+%    user can do what he desires with the many functionalities of that
+%    package.
+%    \end{macro}
+%    \end{macro}
 % \subsection{Accents}\label{s:itkbd}
 %    Most of the other language description files introduce a number
 %    of shortcuts for inserting accents and other language specific
@@ -607,7 +898,7 @@
 %    limitations that up to now no convenient shortcuts have been
 %    developed; the reason lies in the fact that the Italian keyboard
 %    lacks the grave accent (also known as ``backtick''), which is
-%    compulsory on all accented vowels except the `e',  but, on the
+%    compulsory on all accented vowels,  but, on the
 %    opposite, it carries the keys with all the accented lowercase
 %    vowels; the keyboard lacks also the tie |~| (tilde) key, while
 %    the curly braces require pressing three keys simultaneously.
@@ -631,9 +922,12 @@
 %    noticed that the shortcut |""| described above completely solves
 %    the problem for \textit{double} raised open quotes; according to
 %    the traditions of particular publishing houses, since there are
-%    no  compulsory regulations on the matter, the French guillemets
+%    no  compulsory regulations on the matter, the guillemets
 %    may be used; in this case the T1 font encoding solves the problem
-%    by means of its built in ligatures |<<| and |>>|. But\dots
+%    by means of its built in ligatures |<<| and |>>|; such ligatures
+%    are also available when using OpenType fonts with XeLaTeX and
+%    LuaLaTeX, provided they are loaded with the option
+%    \texttt{Ligatures = TeX}. But\dots
 %
 %    \subsection{\emph{Caporali} or French double quotes}
 %    Although the T1 font encoding ligatures solve the problem, there
@@ -642,59 +936,72 @@
 %    OT1 encoding, or because s/he uses a font set that does
 %    not comply completely with the T1 font encoding; some virtual
 %    fonts, for example, are supposed to implement the double Cork
-%    font encoding  but actually miss some glyphs; one such virtual
+%    font encoding but actually miss some glyphs; one such virtual
 %    font set is given by the \texttt{ae} virtual fonts, because they
-%    are supposed to implement such double font encoding simply using
-%    the \texttt{cm} fonts, of which the type~1 PostScript version
-%    exists  and is freely available. Since guillemets (in Italian
-%    \emph{caporali}) do not exist in any \texttt{cm} latin font,
-%    their glyphs must be substituted with something else that
-%    approaches them.
+%    are supposed to implement such double font encoding by using
+%    virtual fonts that map the |CM| fonts to a T1 font scheme; the
+%    type~1 PostScript version of the |CM| fonts do exist, therefore
+%    one believes to be able of using them with pdfLaTeX; but since
+%    the |CM| fonts do not contain the guillemets, neither the |AM|
+%     ones do.
+%    Since guillemets (in Italian \emph{caporali}) do not exist in
+%    any OT1 encoded \texttt{cm} Latin font, their glyphs must be
+%    substituted with something else that fakes them.
 %
 % \changes{italian-1.2q}{2005/02/05}{Redefined the caporali machinery
 %     so as to avoid incompatibilities with the slides class, as there
-%     are no Cyrillic slides fonts as there are for Latins script}
-%
-%    Since in French typesetting guillemets are compulsory, the French
-%    language definition file resorts to a clever font substitution;
-%    such file exploits the \LaTeXe\ font selection machinery so as to
-%    get the guillemets from the Cyrillic fonts, because it suffices
-%    to locally change the default encoding. There are several sets of
-%    Cyrillic fonts, but the ones that obey the OT2 font encoding are
-%    generally distributed with  all recent implementations of the
-%    \TeX\ software; they are part of the American Mathematical
-%    Society fonts and come both as \textsf{METAFONT} source files and
-%    Type~1 PostScript \texttt{.pfb} files. The availability of such
-%    fonts should be guaranteed by the presence of the
-%    \texttt{OT2cmr.fd} font description file. Actually the presence
-%    of this file does not guarantee the completeness of your \TeX\
-%    implementation; should \LaTeX\ complain about a missing Cyrillic
-%    \texttt{.tfm} file (that kind of file that contains the font
-%    metric parameters) and/or about missing Cyrillic \texttt(.mf)
-%    files, then your \TeX\ system is \emph{incomplete} and you should
-%    download such fonts from the \textsc{ctan} archives. Temporarily
-%    you may issue the command |\LtxSymbCaporali| so as to approximate
-%    the missing glyphs with the \LaTeX\ symbol fonts. In some case
-%    warning messages are issued so as to inform the typesetter about
-%    the necessity of resorting to some \emph{poor man} solution.
-%
-%     In spite of these alternate fonts, we must avoid invoking unusual
-%     fonts if the available encoding allows to use built in caporali.
-%     As far as I know (CB) the only T1-encoded font families that miss
-%     the guillemets are the AE ones; we therefore first test if the
-%     default encoding id the T1 one and in this case if the AE families
-%     are the default ones; in order for this to work properly it is
-%     necessary to load these optional packages \emph{before} \babel.
-%     If the T1 encoding is not the default one when the Italian language
-%     is specified, then some substitutions must be done.
+%     are no Cyrillic slides fonts as there are for Latin script}
+% \changes{italian-1.3}{2013/09/30}{The slide font fix up is not any
+%     more necessary with the new caporal handling method.}
+%
+%    In the previous versions of this language description file the
+%    absent guillemets were faked with other fonts, by taking example
+%    from the solution the French had found for their language
+%    description file; they would get suitable guillemets from the
+%    cyrillic fonts; This solution was good in most cases, except when
+%    the ``slides fonts'' were used, because there is no Cyryllic slide
+%    font around.
+% 
+%    This might seem a negligible ``feature'' because the modern classes
+%    or extension modules to produce slides mostly avoid the ``old'' fonts
+%    for slides created by Leslie Lamport when he made available to the
+%    TeX community the macro package LaTeX.
+%
+%    Since I designed renewed slide fonts extending those 
+%    created by Leslie Lamport to the T1 encoding, the Text Companion
+%    fonts, and the most frequent ``regular'' and AMS math fonts with the same
+%    graphic style and excellent legibility (LXfonts), I thought that
+%    this feature is not so negligible. It's true that nowadays nobody
+%    should use the old OT1 encoding when typesetting in any language,
+%    English included, because independently form the document main
+%    language, it is very frequent to quote passages in other languages,
+%    or to type foreign proper names of persons or places; nevertheless
+%    having in mind a minimum of backwards compatibility and hoping
+%    that the deliberate use of OT1 encoding (still necessary to typeset
+%    mathematics) is being abandoned, I decided to simplify the previous
+%    handling of guillemets.
+%
+%    Therefore here I will test at ``begin document'' only if the OT1
+%    encoding is the default one, while if the T1 encoding is the default
+%    one, that the font collection |AE| is not being used; should
+%    it be the case, I will substitute the guillemets with the LaTeX
+%    special symbols reduced to script size, and I will not try to fake
+%    the guillemets with better solutions; evidently if OpenType fonts
+%    are being used, nothing is done; so the tests that follow concern
+%    only typesetting old documents or the lack of a wiser choice of fonts
+%    and their encodings; an info message is issued and output to the
+%    |.log| file. 
 %
 %    \begin{macro}{\LtxSymbCaporali}
 %    \begin{macro}{\it@ocap}
 %    \begin{macro}{\it@ccap}
-%     We define some macros for substituting the default guillemets; first the
-%     emulation by means of the \LaTeX\ symbols; each one of these macro sets
+%     First the macro |\LtxSymvCaporali| is defined so as to assign a
+%     default definition of the faked guillemets: each one of these macro sets
 %     actually redefines the control sequences |\it@ocap| and |\it@ccap| that
-%     are the ones effectively activated by the shortcuts |"<| and |">|.
+%     are the ones effectively activated by the shortcuts |"<| and |">|. 
+%     By default the caporali glyphs are taken from T1-encoded fonts; at
+%     the end of the preamble some tests are performed to control if the
+%     default fonts contain such glyphs, and in case a different font is chosen.
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 \def\LtxSymbCaporali{%
      \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}{\mbox{%
@@ -704,38 +1011,31 @@
      \mbox{%
         \fontencoding{U}\fontfamily{lasy}\selectfont)\kern-0.20em)}}%
 }%
+\def\T@unoCaporali{\DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}{<<\ignorespaces}%
+     \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi>>}}%
+\T@unoCaporali
 %    \end{macrocode}
-%    Then the substitution with any specific font that contains such
-%    glyphs; it might be the CBgreek fonts, the Cyrillic one, the
-%    super-cm ones, the lm ones, or any other the user might prefer
-%    (the code is adapted from the one that appears in the
-%    \texttt{frenchb.ld} file; thanks to Daniel Flipo). 
-%    By default if the user did not select the T1 encoding, the
-%    existence of the CBgreek fonts is tested; if they exist the
-%    guillemets are taken from this font, and since its families are a
-%    superset of the default CM ones and they apply also to typeset
-%    slides with the standard class \texttt{slides}. If the CBgreek
-%    fonts are not found, then the existence of the Cyrillic ones is
-%    tested, although this choice is not suited for typesetting
-%    slides; otherwise the poor man solution of the \LaTeX\ special
-%    symbols is used. In any case the user can force the use of the
-%    Cyrillic guillemets substitution by issuing the declaration
-%    |\CyrillicCaporali| just before the |\begin{document}| statement;
-%    in alternative the user can specify with
-%    \begin{flushleft}
-%    |\CaporaliFrom|\marg{encoding}\marg{family}\marg{opening number}\marg{closing number}
-%    \end{flushleft}
-%    the encoding and family of the font s/he prefers, and the slot
-%    numbers of the opening and closing guillemets respectively. For
-%    example if the T1-encoded Latin Modern fonts are desired the
-%    specific command should be 
+%    Nevertheless a macro for choosing where to get glyphs for real guillemets
+%    is offered; the syntax is the following:
 %    \begin {flushleft}
-%    |\CaporaliFrom{T1}{lmr}{19}{20}|
+%    |\CaporaliFrom|\marg{encoding}\marg{family}\marg{open guill. slot}%
+%    \marg{close guill. slot}
 %    \end{flushleft}
-%    These user choices might be necessary for assuring the correct
-%    typesetting with fonts that contain the required glyphs and are
-%    available also in PostScript form so as to use them directly with
-%    \texttt{pdflatex}, for example. 
+%    where \meta{encoding} and \meta{family} identify the font family
+%    name of that particular encoding from which to get the missing
+%    guillemets; \meta{open guill. slot} and \meta{close guill. slot}
+%    are the (preferably) decimal slot addresses of the opening and
+%    closing guillemets the user wants to use. For example if the 
+%    T1-encoded Latin Modern fonts are desired, the specific command
+%    should be
+%     \begin {flushleft}
+%     |\CaporaliFrom{T1}{lmr}{19}{20}|
+%     \end{flushleft}
+%     These user choices might be necessary for assuring the correct
+%     typesetting
+%     with fonts that contain the required glyphs and are available
+%     also in PostScript form so as to use them directly with {pdfLaTeX},
+%     for example.
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 \def\CaporaliFrom#1#2#3#4{%
   \DeclareFontEncoding{#1}{}{}%
@@ -748,96 +1048,64 @@
   \DeclareTextCommand{\it@ccap}{OT1}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi%
     {\fontencoding{#1}\fontfamily{#2}\selectfont\char#4}}}
 %    \end{macrocode}
-%    Then we set a boolean variable and test the default family;
-%    if such family has a name that starts with the letters ``ae''
-%    then we have no built in guillemets; of course if the AE font
-%    family is chosen after the \babel\ package is loaded, the test
-%    does not perform as required. 
+%    Notice that the above macro is strictly tied to the T1 encoding;
+%    it won't do anything if the default encoding is not the T1 one.
+%    Therefore if the |AE| font collection is being used it would be
+%    good idea to issue the command shown above as an example in order
+%    to get the proper guillemets\footnote{Actually the \texttt{AE}
+%    fonts should not be used at all; the same results, more or less
+%    are obtained by using the Latin Modern ones, that are not virtual
+%    fonts and contain the whole T1 font scheme. Nevertheless the faked
+%    glyphs are not so bad, so the solution I restored from old versions
+%    of they language description file i acceptable}.
+
+%     Then we set a boolean variable and test the default family;
+%     if such family has a name that starts with the letters ``ae''
+%     then we have no built in guillemets; of course if the AE font family is chosen
+%     after the \babel\ package is loaded, the test does not perform as required.
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 \def\get@ae#1#2#3!{\def\bbl@ae{#1#2}}%
 \def\@ifT@one@noCap{\expandafter\get@ae\f@family!%
 \def\bbl@temp{ae}\ifx\bbl@ae\bbl@temp\expandafter\@firstoftwo\else
     \expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi}%
 %    \end{macrocode}
-%    We set another couple of boolean variables for testing the
-%    existence of the CBgreek or the Cyrillic fonts
-%    \begin{macrocode}
-\newif\if@CBgreekEncKnown
-\IfFileExists{lgrcmr.fd}%
-      {\@CBgreekEncKnowntrue}{\@CBgreekEncKnownfalse}
-\newif\if@CyrEncKnown
-\IfFileExists{ot2cmr.fd}%
-    {\@CyrEncKnowntrue}{\@CyrEncKnownfalse}%
-%    \end{macrocode}
-%    \begin {macro}{\CBgreekCaporali}
-%    \begin {macro}{\CyrillicCaporali}
-%    \begin {macro}{\T@unoCaporali}
-%    Next we define the macros |\CBgreekCaporali|, |\T@unoCaporali|,
-%    and |\CyrillicCaporali|; with the latter one we test the loaded
-%    class, and if it's \texttt{slides} nothing gets done. In any case
-%    each one of these declarations, if used, must be specified in the
-%    preamble.
+%    Now we can set some real settings; first we start by testing
+%    the encoding; if the encoding is OT1 we set the faked caporali
+%    with LaTeX symbols and issue a warning; then we test if the font
+%    family is the AE one we set again the faked caporali and issue
+%    another warning\footnote{Notice the it is impossible to check
+%    if the slots 19 and 20 of the AE fonts are defined by means of
+%    the eTeX macro \texttt{\char92iffontchar}, because they are
+%    actually defined as black squares!}; otherwise we set the commands
+%    valid for the T1 encoding, that work well also with the TeX
+%    Ligatures of the OpenType fonts.
 %    \begin{macrocode}
-\def\CBgreekCaporali{\@ifclassloaded{slides}{%
-      \IfFileExists{lgrlcmss.fd}{\DeclareFontEncoding{LGR}{}{}%
-            \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}%
-                  {\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi
-                        {\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont))}}%
-            \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}%
-                  {{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont((}\ignorespaces}}%
-            {\LtxSymbCaporali}}%
-      {\DeclareFontEncoding{LGR}{}{}%
-      \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}%
-            {\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip
-            \fi{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont))}}%
-      \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}%
-            {{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont((}\ignorespaces}}%
+\AtBeginDocument{\normalfont\def\bbl@temp{OT1}%
+  \ifx\cf@encoding\bbl@temp
+    \LtxSymbCaporali
+    \GenericWarning{italian.ldf\space}{%
+    File italian.ldf warning: \MessageBreak\space\space\space
+    With OT1 encoding guillemets are poorly faked\MessageBreak
+    \space\space\space
+    Use T1 encoding\MessageBreak\space\space\space
+    or specify a font with command \string\CaporaliFrom\MessageBreak
+    \space\space\space
+    See the documentation concerning the babel-italian typesetting
+    \MessageBreak\space\space}%
+  \else
+    \ifx\cf@encoding\bbl@t@one
+      \@ifT@one@noCap{%
+        \LtxSymbCaporali
+        \GenericWarning{italian.ldf\space}{%
+        File italian.ldf warning: \MessageBreak\space\space\space
+        The AE font collection does not contain the guillemets
+        \MessageBreak\space\space\space
+        Use the Latin Modern font collection instead
+        \MessageBreak\space}
       }%
-\def\CyrillicCaporali{\@ifclassloaded{slides}{\relax}%
-      {\DeclareFontEncoding{OT2}{}{}%
-      \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}%
-            {\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi
-            {\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont\char62\relax}}%
-      \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}%
-            {{\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont\char60\relax}\ignorespaces}}}%
-\@onlypreamble{\CBgreekCaporali}\@onlypreamble{\CyrillicCaporali}%
-\def\T@unoCaporali{\DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}{<<\ignorespaces}%
-     \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi>>}}%
-%    \end{macrocode}
-%    \end{macro}
-%    \end{macro}
-%    \end{macro}
-%    Now we can do some real setting; first we start testing the encoding;
-%    if the encoding is T1 we test if the font family is the AE one; if so,
-%    we further test for other possibilities
-%    \begin{macrocode}
-\ifx\cf@encoding\bbl@t@one
-  \@ifT@one@noCap{%
-     \if@CBgreekEncKnown
-        \CBgreekCaporali
-     \else
-        \if@CyrEncKnown
-           \CyrilicCaporali
-        \else
-           \LtxSymbCaporali
-        \fi
-     \fi}%
-     {\T@unoCaporali}%
-%    \end{macrocode}
-%     But if the default encoding is not the T1 one, then the
-%     substitutions must be performed.
-%    \begin{macrocode}
-\else
-     \if@CBgreekEncKnown
-        \CBgreekCaporali
-     \else
-        \if@CyrEncKnown
-           \CyrilicCaporali
-        \else
-           \LtxSymbCaporali
-        \fi
-     \fi
-\fi
+    {\T@unoCaporali}\fi
+  \fi
+}
 %    \end{macrocode}
 %    \end{macro}
 %    \end{macro}
@@ -852,8 +1120,10 @@
 %    up}
 %    \begin{macrocode}
 \ldf@finish{italian}%
-%</code>
 %    \end{macrocode}
+%\iffalse
+%</code>
+%\fi
 %
 % \Finale
 %%
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.ins b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.ins
index 4ea2ac191dd..9e098015557 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.ins
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/generic/babel-italian/italian.ins
@@ -3,42 +3,19 @@
 %% driver files from the doc files in this package when run through
 %% LaTeX or TeX.
 %%
-%% Copyright 1989-2008 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
+%% Copyright 1989-2000 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
 %% listed elsewhere in this file.  All rights reserved.
-%% 
-%% This file is part of the Babel system.
-%% --------------------------------------
-%% 
-%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-%% The latest version of this license is in
-%%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%% 
-%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%% 
-%% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
-%% 
-%% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX base distribution is
-%% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
-%% information.
-%% 
-%% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-%% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-%% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
 %%
-%% --------------- start of docstrip commands ------------------
+%% This file is part of the Babel system, release 3.7.
+%% ---------------------------------------------------
 %%
+%% It may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public
+%% License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
+%% Either version 1.1 or, at your option, any later version.
 %%
-%% Questo file serve per generare dal file italian.dtx il file
-%% italian.ldf mediante il programma LaTeX/docstrip che toglie
-%% praticamente tutti i commenti e ne rende il caricamento molto
-%% veloce. La documentazione puo' essere ottenuta passando a
-%% LaTeX2e il file sorgente italian.dtx
+%% --------------- start of docstrip commands ------------------
 %%
-\def\filedate{2001/01/19}
+\def\filedate{2013/09/27}
 \def\batchfile{italian.ins}
 \input docstrip.tex
 
@@ -58,67 +35,30 @@
 \fi}
 
 \declarepreamble\mainpreamble
-This is a generated file.
-
-Copyright 1989-2008 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
-listed elsewhere in this file.  All rights reserved.
-
-This file was generated from file(s) of the Babel system.
----------------------------------------------------------
-
-It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-The latest version of this license is in
-  http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-version 2003/12/01 or later.
-
-This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
 
-The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+This is a generated file.
 
-This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the Babel
-system. You may however distribute the Babel system without
-such generated files.
+Copyright (C) 2013 Claudio Beccari. 
 
-The list of all files belonging to the Babel distribution is
-given in the file `manifest.bbl'. See also `legal.bbl for additional
-information.
+This file is part of the babel-italian bundle release 1.3.
+--------------------------------------------------
 
-The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+It may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public
+License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
+Either version 1.3 or, at your option, any later version.
 \endpreamble
 
 \declarepreamble\fdpreamble
 This is a generated file.
 
-Copyright 1989-2008 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
-listed elsewhere in this file.  All rights reserved.
-
-This file was generated from file(s) of the Babel system.
----------------------------------------------------------
-
-It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-The latest version of this license is in
-  http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-version 2003/12/01 or later.
+Copyright (C) Claudio Beccari.
 
-This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+This file is part of the babel-italian bundle release 1.3.
+--------------------------------------------------
 
-The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
-
-This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the Babel
-system. You may however distribute the Babel system without
-such generated files.
-
-The list of all files belonging to the Babel distribution is
-given in the file `manifest.bbl'. See also `legal.bbl for additional
-information.
+It may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public
+License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
+Either version 1.3 or, at your option, any later version.
 
 In particular, permission is granted to customize the declarations in
 this file to serve the needs of your installation.
@@ -130,7 +70,7 @@ of this file under its original name.
 
 \keepsilent
 
-\usedir{tex/generic/babel} 
+\usedir{tex/generic/babel-italian}
 
 \usepreamble\mainpreamble
 \generate{\file{italian.ldf}{\from{italian.dtx}{code}}
@@ -151,5 +91,5 @@ of this file under its original name.
 \Msg{* Happy TeXing}
 \Msg{***********************************************************}
 }
- 
+
 \endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-italian/italian.ldf b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-italian/italian.ldf
index 28faf1b8485..d4398b4cc0d 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-italian/italian.ldf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-italian/italian.ldf
@@ -5,47 +5,28 @@
 %% The original source files were:
 %%
 %% italian.dtx  (with options: `code')
-%% This is a generated file.
-%% 
-%% Copyright 1989-2008 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
-%% listed elsewhere in this file.  All rights reserved.
-%% 
-%% This file was generated from file(s) of the Babel system.
-%% ---------------------------------------------------------
-%% 
-%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-%% The latest version of this license is in
-%%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%% 
-%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
 %% 
-%% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
+%% This is a generated file.
 %% 
-%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the Babel
-%% system. You may however distribute the Babel system without
-%% such generated files.
+%% Copyright (C) 2013 Claudio Beccari.
 %% 
-%% The list of all files belonging to the Babel distribution is
-%% given in the file `manifest.bbl'. See also `legal.bbl for additional
-%% information.
+%% This file is part of the babel-italian bundle release 1.3.
+%% --------------------------------------------------
 %% 
-%% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-%% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-%% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
+%% It may be distributed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public
+%% License, as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution.
+%% Either version 1.3 or, at your option, any later version.
 \ProvidesLanguage{italian}
-        [2008/03/14 v1.2t Italian support from the babel system]
+        [2013/09/27 v1.3 Italian support from the babel system]
 %% File `italian.dtx'
 %% Babel package for LaTeX version 2e
-%% Copyright (C) 1989 - 2008
+%% Copyright (C) 1989 - 2004
 %%           by Johannes Braams, TeXniek
-%% Please report errors to: J.L. Braams
-%%                          babel at braams.xs4all.nl
-%%                          Claudio Beccari
-%%                          claudio.beccari at gmail.it
+%% Italian support for the babel package
+%% Copyright (C) 2013
+%%           by Claudio Beccari
+%%
+%% Please report errors to: claudio dot beccari at gmail dot com
 \LdfInit{italian}{captionsitalian}%
 \ifx\l@italian\@undefined
     \@nopatterns{Italian}%
@@ -67,7 +48,7 @@
   \def\enclname{Allegati}%
   \def\ccname{e~p.~c.}%
   \def\headtoname{Per}%
-  \def\pagename{Pag.}%    % in Italian the abbreviation is preferred
+  \def\pagename{Pag.}%
   \def\seename{vedi}%
   \def\alsoname{vedi anche}%
   \def\proofname{Dimostrazione}%
@@ -91,6 +72,35 @@
   \lccode`'=`'}%
 \addto\noextrasitalian{%
   \lccode`'=0}%
+\newcount\it@lettering \it@lettering=\@ne
+\newcommand*\XXIletters{\it@lettering=\z@}
+\newcommand*\XXVIletters{\it@lettering=\@ne}
+\let\bbl@alph\@alph \let\bbl@Alph\@Alph
+\addto\extrasitalian{\babel@savevariable\it@lettering
+  \let\@alph\it@alph \let\@Alph\it@Alph}
+\addto\noextrasitalian{\let\@alph\bbl@alph\let\@Alph\bbl@Alph}
+\def\it@alph#1{%
+\ifcase\it@lettering
+   \ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or
+   l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or
+   z\else\@ctrerr\fi
+\or
+   \ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or
+   j\or k\or l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or
+   w\or x\or y\or z\else\@ctrerr\fi
+\fi}%
+\def\it@Alph#1{%
+\ifcase\it@lettering
+   \ifcase#1\or A\or B\or C\or D\or E\or F\or G\or H\or I\or
+   L\or M\or N\or O\or P\or Q\or R\or S\or T\or U\or V\or
+   Z\else\@ctrerr\fi
+\or
+   \ifcase#1\or A\or B\or C\or D\or E\or F\or G\or H\or I\or
+   J\or K\or L\or M\or N\or O\or P\or Q\or R\or S\or T\or U\or V\or
+   W\or X\or Y\or Z\else\@ctrerr\fi
+\fi}%
+
+
 \initiate@active@char{"}%
 \addto\extrasitalian{\bbl@activate{"}\languageshorthands{italian}}%
 \declare@shorthand{italian}{"}{%
@@ -101,7 +111,7 @@
 \fi
 \it@next
 }%
-\def\it@@cwm{\nobreak\discretionary{-}{}{}\nobreak\hskip\z@skip}%
+\def\it@@cwm{\nobreak\discretionary{-}{}{}\hskip\z@skip}%
 \def\it@@ocap#1{\it@ocap}\def\it@@ccap#1{\it@ccap}%
 \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@cwm}{\let\it@@next\relax
 \ifcat\noexpand\it@temp a%
@@ -117,7 +127,7 @@
                 \def\it@@next{\it@@ccap}%
             \else
                 \if\noexpand\it@temp\string/%
-                    \def\it@@next{\slash\@gobble}%
+                    \def\it@next{\slash\@gobble}%
                 \else
                     \ifx\it@temp"%
                         \def\it@@next{``\@gobble}%
@@ -128,23 +138,58 @@
     \fi
 \fi
 \it@@next}%
-\@ifpackageloaded{units}{}{%
-  \DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@unit}[1]{%
-    \textormath{\,\mbox{#1}}{\,\mathrm{#1}}}%
-  }%
-\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@ap}[1]{%
+\def\activate@it@unit{\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@it@unit}[1]{%
+    \textormath{\,\textup{##1}}{\,\mathrm{##1}}}}
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+\@ifpackageloaded{units}{}{\@ifpackageloaded{siunitx}{}{%
+  \@ifpackageloaded{SIunits}{}{%
+  \activate@it@unit\addto\extrasitalian{%
+    \babel@save\unit\let\unit\bbl@it@unit}\selectlanguage{italian}%
+  }}}%
+}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@it@ap}[1]{%
   \textormath{\textsuperscript{#1}}{^{\mathrm{#1}}}}%
-\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@ped}[1]{%
+\DeclareRobustCommand*{\bbl@it@ped}[1]{%
   \textormath{$_{\mbox{\fontsize\sf@size\z@
         \selectfont#1}}$}{_\mathrm{#1}}}%
-\@ifpackageloaded{units}{}{%
-  \addto\extrasitalian{%
-    \babel@save\unit\let\unit\bbl@unit}%
-  }%
 \addto\extrasitalian{%
-  \babel@save\ap\let\ap\bbl@ap
-  \babel@save\ped\let\ped\bbl@ped
+  \babel@save\ap\let\ap\bbl@it@ap
+  \babel@save\ped\let\ped\bbl@it@ped
   }%
+\newcount\Virgola
+\Virgola=\z@
+\newcommand*\IntelligentComma{\Virgola=\@ne}
+\newcommand*\NoIntelligentComma{\Virgola=\z@}
+\addto\extrasitalian{\babel@savevariable\Virgola}
+\AtEndOfPackage{\RequirePackage{etoolbox}}
+ \DeclareMathSymbol{\virgola}{\mathpunct}{letters}{"3B}
+ \DeclareMathSymbol{\virgoladecimale}{\mathord}{letters}{"3B}
+\AtEndOfPackage{%
+\AtEndPreamble{%
+  \@ifpackageloaded{polyglossia}{%
+    \ifcsstring{xpg@main@language}{english}{\relax}{%
+      \mathcode`\,=\string"8000}
+  }{%
+    \ifcsstring{languagename}{english}{\relax}{%
+      \mathcode`\,=\string"8000}
+  }
+}}
+{\catcode `,=\active \gdef,{\futurelet\let@token\m@thcomma}}%
+\AtEndOfPackage{%
+\AtEndPreamble{%
+\gdef\m@thcomma#1{%
+\ifnumequal{\Virgola}{\z@}{\virgola#1}{%
+  \unless\ifcat\noexpand\let@token*%
+    \virgola
+  \else
+    \ifcsundef{\expandafter\@gobble\string #1}{%
+        \ifnumless{`#1}{`0}{\virgola}%
+          {\ifnumgreater{`#1}{`9}{\virgola}%
+            {\virgoladecimale}%
+          }%
+    }{\virgola}%
+  \fi#1}}%
+}}
 \def\LtxSymbCaporali{%
      \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}{\mbox{%
         \fontencoding{U}\fontfamily{lasy}\selectfont(\kern-0.20em(}%
@@ -153,6 +198,9 @@
      \mbox{%
         \fontencoding{U}\fontfamily{lasy}\selectfont)\kern-0.20em)}}%
 }%
+\def\T@unoCaporali{\DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}{<<\ignorespaces}%
+     \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi>>}}%
+\T@unoCaporali
 \def\CaporaliFrom#1#2#3#4{%
   \DeclareFontEncoding{#1}{}{}%
   \DeclareTextCommand{\it@ocap}{T1}{%
@@ -163,64 +211,37 @@
     {\fontencoding{#1}\fontfamily{#2}\selectfont\char#3\ignorespaces}}%
   \DeclareTextCommand{\it@ccap}{OT1}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi%
     {\fontencoding{#1}\fontfamily{#2}\selectfont\char#4}}}
+
 \def\get@ae#1#2#3!{\def\bbl@ae{#1#2}}%
 \def\@ifT@one@noCap{\expandafter\get@ae\f@family!%
 \def\bbl@temp{ae}\ifx\bbl@ae\bbl@temp\expandafter\@firstoftwo\else
     \expandafter\@secondoftwo\fi}%
-\newif\if@CBgreekEncKnown
-\IfFileExists{lgrcmr.fd}%
-      {\@CBgreekEncKnowntrue}{\@CBgreekEncKnownfalse}
-\newif\if@CyrEncKnown
-\IfFileExists{ot2cmr.fd}%
-    {\@CyrEncKnowntrue}{\@CyrEncKnownfalse}%
-\def\CBgreekCaporali{\@ifclassloaded{slides}{%
-      \IfFileExists{lgrlcmss.fd}{\DeclareFontEncoding{LGR}{}{}%
-            \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}%
-                  {\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi
-                        {\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont))}}%
-            \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}%
-                  {{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont((}\ignorespaces}}%
-            {\LtxSymbCaporali}}%
-      {\DeclareFontEncoding{LGR}{}{}%
-      \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}%
-            {\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip
-            \fi{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont))}}%
-      \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}%
-            {{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont((}\ignorespaces}}%
+\AtBeginDocument{\normalfont\def\bbl@temp{OT1}%
+  \ifx\cf@encoding\bbl@temp
+    \LtxSymbCaporali
+    \GenericWarning{italian.ldf\space}{%
+    File italian.ldf warning: \MessageBreak\space\space\space
+    With OT1 encoding guillemets are poorly faked\MessageBreak
+    \space\space\space
+    Use T1 encoding\MessageBreak\space\space\space
+    or specify a font with command \string\CaporaliFrom\MessageBreak
+    \space\space\space
+    See the documentation concerning the babel-italian typesetting
+    \MessageBreak\space\space}%
+  \else
+    \ifx\cf@encoding\bbl@t@one
+      \@ifT@one@noCap{%
+        \LtxSymbCaporali
+        \GenericWarning{italian.ldf\space}{%
+        File italian.ldf warning: \MessageBreak\space\space\space
+        The AE font collection does not contain the guillemets
+        \MessageBreak\space\space\space
+        Use the Latin Modern font collection instead
+        \MessageBreak\space}
       }%
-\def\CyrillicCaporali{\@ifclassloaded{slides}{\relax}%
-      {\DeclareFontEncoding{OT2}{}{}%
-      \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}%
-            {\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi
-            {\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont\char62\relax}}%
-      \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}%
-            {{\fontencoding{OT2}\selectfont\char60\relax}\ignorespaces}}}%
-\@onlypreamble{\CBgreekCaporali}\@onlypreamble{\CyrillicCaporali}%
-\def\T@unoCaporali{\DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ocap}{<<\ignorespaces}%
-     \DeclareRobustCommand*{\it@ccap}{\ifdim\lastskip>\z@\unskip\fi>>}}%
-\ifx\cf@encoding\bbl@t@one
-  \@ifT@one@noCap{%
-     \if@CBgreekEncKnown
-        \CBgreekCaporali
-     \else
-        \if@CyrEncKnown
-           \CyrilicCaporali
-        \else
-           \LtxSymbCaporali
-        \fi
-     \fi}%
-     {\T@unoCaporali}%
-\else
-     \if@CBgreekEncKnown
-        \CBgreekCaporali
-     \else
-        \if@CyrEncKnown
-           \CyrilicCaporali
-        \else
-           \LtxSymbCaporali
-        \fi
-     \fi
-\fi
+    {\T@unoCaporali}\fi
+  \fi
+}
 \ldf@finish{italian}%
 %%
 %% \CharacterTable