path: root/macros/optex/base/usebib.opm

%% This is part of the OpTeX project, see http://petr.olsak.net/optex

\_codedecl \MakeReference {Reading bib databases <2022-02-04>} % loaded on demand by \usebib

   \_doc -----------------------------
   Loading the `librarian.tex` macro package. See `texdoc librarian`
   for more information about it.

   We want to ignore `\errmessage` and we want not to create `\jobname.lbr`
   file.
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_def\errmessage#1{}
\_def\newwrite#1{\_csname lb@restoreat\_endcsname \_endinput}
\_def\_tmpb{\_catcode`\_=12 \_input librarian \_catcode`\_=11 }\_tmpb
\_let\errmessage=\_errmessage
\_let\newwrite=\_newwrite

\_private \BibFile \ReadList \SortList \SortingOrder \NameCount \AbbreviateFirstname
   \CreateField \RetrieveFieldInFor \RetrieveFieldIn \RetrieveField ;

   \_doc -----------------------------
   The `\usebib` command.
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_def\_usebib/#1 (#2) #3 {%
  \_let\_citeI=\_relax \_xdef\_citelist{\_trycs{_ctlst:\_bibp}{}\_trycs{_ctlstB:\_bibp}{}}%
  \_global \_ea\_let \_csname _ctlst:\_bibp\_endcsname =\_write
  \_ifx\_citelist\_empty
     \_opwarning{No cited items. \_noexpand\usebib ignored}%
  \_else
     \_bgroup \_par
        \_emergencystretch=.3\_hsize
        \_def\_optexbibstyle{#2}%
        \_setctable\_optexcatcodes
        \_input bib-#2.opm
        \_the \_bibtexhook
        \_ifcsname _mt:bib.and:\_cs{_lan:\_the\_language}\_endcsname \_else
           \_opwarning{\_string\usebib: No phrases for language
                       "\_cs{_lan:\_the\_language}" (using "en")}%
           \_language=0 \_chardef\_documentlanguage=0
        \_fi
        \_def\_tmp##1[*]##2\_relax{\_def\_tmp{##2}}\_ea\_tmp\_citelist[*]\_relax
        \_ifx\_tmp\_empty\_else % there was \nocite[*] used.
           \_setbox0=\_vbox{\_hsize=\_maxdimen \_def\_citelist{}\_adef@{\_readbibentry}%
           \_input #3.bib
           \_ea}\_ea\_def\_ea\_citelist\_ea{\_citelist}%
        \_fi
        \_def\_citeI[##1]{\_csname lb@cite\_endcsname{##1}{\_bibp}{}{}}\_citelist
        \_BibFile{#3}%
        \_if s#1\_SortList{\_bibp}\_fi
        \_ReadList{\_bibp}%
        \_restorectable
     \_egroup
  \_fi
}
\_def\_readbibentry#1#{\_readbibentryA}
\_def\_readbibentryA#1{\_readbibentryB#1,,\_relax!.}
\_def\_readbibentryB#1#2,#3\_relax!.{\_addto\_citelist{\_citeI[#1#2]}}

   \_doc -----------------------------
   Corrections in librarian macros.
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_tmpnum=\_catcode`\@  \_catcode`\@=11
\_def\lb@checkmissingentries#1,{% we needn't \errmessage here, only \opmacwarning
  \_def\lb@temp{#1}%
  \_unless\_ifx\lb@temp\lb@eoe
    \lb@ifcs{#1}{fields}%
            {}%
            {\_opwarning{\_string\usebib: entry [#1] isn't found in .bib}}%
    \_ea\lb@checkmissingentries
  \_fi
}
\_def\lb@readentry#1#2#3,{% space before key have to be ingnored
  \_def\lb@temp{#2#3}%      we need case sensitive keys
  \_def\lb@next{\_ea\lb@gotoat\lb@gobbletoeoe}%
  \lb@ifcs\lb@temp{requested}%
          {\_let\lb@entrykey\lb@temp
           \lb@ifcs\lb@entrykey{fields}{}%
                {\lb@defcs\lb@entrykey{fields}{}%
                 \_lowercase{\lb@addfield{entrytype}{#1}}%
                 \_let\lb@next\lb@analyzeentry}}{}%
  \lb@next
}
\_let\lb@compareA=\lb@compare
\_let\lb@preparesortA=\lb@preparesort
\_def\lb@compare#1\lb@eoe#2\lb@eoe{% SpecialSort:
  \_ifx\lb@sorttype\lb@namestring
     \_ifx\_sortfield\_undefined \lb@compareA#1\lb@eoe#2\lb@eoe
     \_else
        \_ea\_RetrieveFieldInFor\_ea{\_sortfield}\lb@entrykey\lb@temp
        \_ifx\lb@temp\_empty \_toks1={#1\lb@eoe}\_else \_toks1=\_ea{\lb@temp\lb@eoe}\_fi
        \_ea\_RetrieveFieldInFor\_ea{\_sortfield}\lb@currententry\lb@temp
        \_ifx\lb@temp\_empty \_toks2={#2\lb@eoe}\_else \_toks2=\_ea{\lb@temp\lb@eoe}\_fi
        \_edef\lb@temp{\_noexpand\lb@compareA\_space\_the\_toks1 \_space\_the\_toks2}\lb@temp
     \_fi
  \_else \lb@compareA#1\lb@eoe#2\lb@eoe \_fi
}
\_def\lb@preparesort#1#2\lb@eoe{%
  \_if#1-%
    \_def\lb@sorttype{#2}%
  \_else
    \_def\lb@sorttype{#1#2}%
  \_fi
  \lb@preparesortA#1#2\lb@eoe
}
\_def\_SpecialSort#1{\_def\_sortfield{#1}}
\_def\WriteImmediateInfo#1{}  % the existence of .lbr file bocks new reading of .bib
\_catcode`\@=\_tmpnum

   \_doc -----------------------------
   Main action per each entry.
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_def\MakeReference{\_par \_bibskip
  \_bibgl\_advance\_bibnum by1
  \_isdefined{_bim:\_bibp\_the\_bibnum}\_iftrue
     \_edef\_tmpb{\_csname _bim:\_bibp\_the\_bibnum\_endcsname}%
     \_bibmark=\_ea{\_tmpb}%
  \_else \_bibmark={}\_fi
  \_edef\_tmpb{\EntryKey}%
  \_noindent \_dbib\EntryKey
  \_printbib
  {%
     \_RetrieveFieldIn{entrytype}\_entrytype
     \_csname _print:BEGIN\_endcsname
     \_isdefined{_print:\_entrytype}\_iftrue
        \_csname _print:\_entrytype\_endcsname
     \_else
        \_ifx\_entrytype\_empty \_else
           \_opwarning{Entrytype @\_entrytype\_space from [\EntryKey] undefined}%
           \_csname _print:misc\_endcsname
     \_fi\_fi
     \_csname _print:END\_endcsname
     \_wbib \EntryKey {\_the\_bibnum}{\_the\_bibmark}%
  }\_par
}

   \_doc -----------------------------
   The \`\_bprinta`, \`\_bprintb`, \`\_bprintc`, \`\_bprintv`
   commands used in the style files:
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_def\_bprinta {\_bprintb*}
\_def\_bprintb #1[#2#3]{%
   \_def\_bibfieldname{#2#3}%
   \_if!#2\_relax
      \_def\_bibfieldname{#3}%
      \_RetrieveFieldIn{#3}\_bibfield
      \_ifx\_bibfield\_empty\_else
         \_RetrieveFieldIn{#3number}\_namecount
         \_def\_bibfield{\_csname _Read#3\_ea\_endcsname \_csname _pp:#3\_endcsname}%
      \_fi
   \_else
      \_RetrieveFieldIn{#2#3}\_bibfield
   \_fi
   \_if^#1^%
      \_ifx\_bibfield\_empty \_ea\_ea\_ea \_doemptyfield
      \_else \_ea\_ea\_ea \_dofullfield \_fi
   \_else \_ea \_bprintaA
   \_fi
}
\_def\_dofullfield#1#2{\_def\_dofield##1{#1}\_ea\_dofield\_ea{\_bibfield}}
\_def\_doemptyfield#1#2{\_def\_dofield##1{#2}\_ea\_dofield\_ea{\_bibfield}}
\_let\_Readauthor=\ReadAuthor  \_let\_Readeditor=\ReadEditor
\_def\_bprintaA #1#2{\_ifx\_bibfield\_empty #2\_else\_bprintaB #1**\_eee\_fi}
\_def\_bprintaB #1*#2*#3\_eee{\_if^#3^#1\_else\_ea\_bprintaC\_ea{\_bibfield}{#1}{#2}\_fi}
\_def\_bprintaC #1#2#3{#2#1#3}
\_def\_bprintc#1#2{\_bprintcA#1#2**\_relax}
\_def\_bprintcA#1#2*#3*#4\_relax{\_ifx#1\_empty \_else \_if^#4^#2\_else#2#1#3\_fi\_fi}
\_def\_bprintv [#1]#2#3{\_def\_tmpa{#2}\_def\_tmpb{#3}\_bprintvA #1,,}
\_def\_bprintvA #1,{%
   \_if^#1^\_tmpb\_else
      \_RetrieveFieldIn{#1}\_tmp
      \_ifx \_tmp\_empty
      \_else \_tmpa \_def\_tmpb{}\_def\_tmpa{}%
      \_fi
   \_ea \_bprintvA
   \_fi
}
\_sdef{_pp:author}{\_letNames\_authorname}
\_sdef{_pp:editor}{\_letNames\_editorname}
\_def\_letNames{\_let\_Firstname=\Firstname \_let\_Lastname=\Lastname
   \_let\_Von=\Von \_let\_Junior=\Junior
}

   \_doc -----------------------------
   Various macros + multilingual. Note that \`\_nobibwarnlist` is used in
   \`\_bibwarning` and it is set by \^`\nobibwarning` macro.
   \_cod -----------------------------

\_def\_bibwarning{%
   \_ea\_isinlist \_ea\_nobibwarnlist\_ea{\_ea,\EntryKey,}\_iffalse
       \_opwarning{Missing field "\_bibfieldname" in [\EntryKey]}\_fi}

\_endcode

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

The file `usebib.opm` implements the command
\~`\usebib/<sorttype> (<style>) <bibfiles>`
where `<sorttype>` is one letter `c` (references ordered by citation order in
the text) or `s` (references ordered by key in the style file),
`<style>` is the part of the name `bib-<style>.opm` of the style file
and `<bibfiles>` are one or more `.bib` file names without suffix separated by
comma without space. Example:

\begtt
\usebib/s (simple) mybase,yourbase
\endtt

This command reads the `<bibfiles>` directly and creates the list of
bibliographic references (only those declared by \~`\cite[]` or
\~`\nocite[]` in the text). The formatting of such references is defined in the style
file.

The principle \"first entry wins" is used. Suppose `\usebib/s (simple) local,global`.
If an entry with the same label is declared in `local.bib` and in
`global.bib` too then the first wins. So, you can set exceptions in your
`local.bib` file for your document.

The `bib-<style>.opm` declares entry types (like `@BOOK`, `@ARTICLE`) and declares
their mandatory and optional fields (like `author`, `title`). When
a mandatory field is missing in an entry in the `.bib` file then a warning is printed on the
terminal about it. You can suppress such warnings by command
\^`\nobibwarning`~`[<bib-labels>]`, where <bib-labels> is a comma-separated list
of labels (without spaces) where missing mandatory fields will be no warned.

Old `.bib` files may use the obscure notation for accents like `{\"o}`.
Recommendation: convert such old files to Unicode encoding. If you are
unable to do this then you can set \^`\bibtexhook={`\^`\oldaccents}`.

\secc Notes for bib-style writers

The `.bib` files include records in the format:

\begtt \catcode`\<=13
@<entry-type>{<label>,
   <field-name> = "<field-data>",
   <field-name> = "<field-data>",
   ...etc
}
\endtt
%
see the file `demo/op-biblist.bib` for a real example. The <entry-types> and
<field-names> are case insensitive.

Ancient Bib\TeX/ has read such files and has generated files appropriate for
reading by \LaTeX. It has worked with a set of <entry-types>, see the www
page \url{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX}. The set of entry types
listed on this www page is de facto the Bib\TeX/ standard. The \OpTeX/ bib
style writer must \"declare" all such entry types and more non-standard
entry types can be declared too if there is a good reason for doing it. The
word \"declare" used in the previous sentence means that a bib-style writer must
define the printing rules for each <entry-type>.
The printing rules for <entry-type> include: which fields will be printed, in
what order, by what format they will be printed on (italic, caps, etc.),
which fields are mandatory, which are optional, and which are ignored in
`.bib` records.

The style writer can be inspired by two styles already done: `bib-simple.opm`
and `bib-iso690.opm`. The second one is documented in detail in
section~\ref[isobib].

The printing rules for each <entry-type> must be declared by
`\_sdef{_print:<entry-type>}` in `bib-<style>.opm` file.
The `<entry-type>` has to be lowercase here. \OpTeX/ supports following
macros for a more comfortable setting of printing rules:

\begitems
* \^`\_bprinta` `[<field-name>]  {<if defined>} {<if not defined>}`. The part <if defined>
    is executed if <field-name> is declared in .bib file for the entry which is
    currently processed. Else the part <if not defined> is processed.
    The part <if defined> can include the `*` parameter which is replaced
    by the value of the <field-name>.
*   The part <if not defined> can include
    the \^`\_bibwarning` command if the <field-name> is mandatory.
* \^`\_bprintb` `[<field-name>]  {<if defined>} {<if not defined>}`. The same as
    `\_bprinta`, but the `##1` parameter is used instead `*`. Differences: `##1`
    parameter can be used more than once and can be enclosed in nested
    braces. The `*` parameter can be used at most once and cannot be enclosed
    in braces. Warning: if the `\_bprintb` commands are nested (`\_bprintb` in
    `\_bprintb`), then you need to write the `####1` parameter for internal `\_bprintb`.
    But if `\_bprinta` commands are nested then the parameter is not duplicated.
* \^`\_bprintc` `\macro {<if non-empty>}`. The <if non-empty> part is executed if
    `\macro` is non-empty. The `*` parameter can be used, it is replaced by
    the `\macro`.
* \^`\_bprintv` `[<field1>,<field2>,...] {<if defined>} {<if not defined>}`.
    The part <if defined> is executed if <field1> or <filed2> or ...
    is defined, else the second part <if not defined> is executed.
    There is one filed name or the list field names separated by commas.
    The parts cannot include any parameters.
\enditems

There are two special field-names: `!author` and `!editor`. The processed list of
authors or editors are printed here instead of raw data, see the commands
\~`\_authorname` and \~`\_editorname` below.

The bib-style writer can define `_print:BEGIN` and/or `_print:END`.
They are executed at the beginning or
end of each `<entry-type>`. The formatting does not solve the numbering and
paragraph indentation of the entry. This is processed by \^`\_printbib` macro
used in \OpTeX/ (and may be redefined by the author or document designer).

The \^`\bibmark={something}` can be declared, for instance in the `_print:END` macro.
Such \"bibmark" is saved to the `.ref` file and used in next \TeX/ run as
`\cite` marks when `\nonumcitations` is set.

Moreover, the bib-style writer must declare the format of
special fields `author` and `editor`. These fields include a
list of names, each name is precessed individually in a loop. The
\^`\_authorname` or \^`\_editorname` is called for each name on the list.
The bib-style writer must define
the \`\_authorname` and \`\_editorname` commands
in order to declare the format of printing each individual name.
The following control sequences can be used in these macros:

\begitems
* `\_NameCount`: the number of the currently processed author in the list
* `\_namecont`: the total number of the authors in the list
* `\_Lastname`, `\_Firstname`, `\_Von`, `\_Junior`: the parts of the name.
\enditems

The whole style file is read in the group during the `\usebib` command is executed
before typesetting the reference list. Each definition or setting is local
here.

The auto-generated phrases (dependent on current language) can be used in
bib-style files by `\_mtext{bib.<identifier>}`, where <ident> is an identifier of
the phrase and the phrase itself is defined by
`\_sdef{_mt:bib.<identifier>:<language>}{<phrase>}`. See section~\ref[langphrases]
for more detail. Phrases for <identifiers>:
and, etal, edition, citedate, volume, number, prepages, postpages, editor,
editors, available, availablealso, bachthesis, masthesis, phdthesis
are defined already, see the end of section~\ref[langphrases].

If you are using non-standard field-names in .bib database and bib-style,
you have to declare them by `\_CreateField {<fieldname>}`.

You can declare `\_SortingOrder` in the manner documented by librarian package.

User or author of the bib-style can create the hidden field which has a
precedence while sorting names. Example:

\begtt
\CreateField {sortedby}
\SpecialSort {sortedby}
\endtt
Suppose that the .bib file includes:
\begtt
...
author   = "Jan Chadima",
sortedby = "Hzzadima Jan",
...
\endtt
Now, this author is sorted between H and I, because the Ch digraph in this
name has to be sorted by this rule.

If you need (for example) to place the auto-citations before other citations,
then you can mark your entries in `.bib` file by `sortedby = "@"`, because this
character is sorted before `A`.

\_endinput

History:
--------
2022-02-04  reading tail of languages.opm removed
2021-04-30  \RetrieveField declared as private, bug fixed.
2021-04-13  \bibpart implemented
2021-04-13  \_bibgl introduced (used by \slides)
2021-03-12  \_citelistB added before first test.
2021-02-15  \_expandafter -> \_ea
Apr. 2014:  released in OPmac
Jan. 2016:  "first entry wins" implemented
Apr. 2016:  \readentry -> \readbibentry, \usebib->\MakeReference
Feb. 2018:  \input librarian does not create \jobname.lbr

% Source:

% opmac-bib
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Petr Olsak, version Feb. 2018 (beta)

% This is module for OPmac macros, see http://petr.olsak.net/opmac.html
% The command:
%    \usebib/<sorttype> (<style>) (bibfiles>
% for direct reading .bib files by OPmac macros (without bibTeX) is implemented here.
% The implementation depends on librarian.tex package by Paul Isambert.
% Use:
%    \input opmac  \input opmac-bib
% or simply:
%    \input opmac-bib
% before using the command \usebib.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% end