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%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%Creator: dvips 5.55 Copyright 1986, 1994 Radical Eye Software
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% Version 0.93a, 93/03/12.
% For use with Rokicki's dvips.
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%%Page: 9 9
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%%Page: 10 10
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999 y(every)28 b(operator)g(is)e(an)g FD(operator)j(ar)m(gument)f
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1168 y(needed)18 b(to)e(execute)i(the)e(operator)-5 b(.)31
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2945 y FI(Algorithms.)47 b FD(Algorithms)20 b FP(are)f(concrete)i
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3114 y(represented)25 b(in)d(lower)g(case)g(with)g(the)g(\256rst)f
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28 4 v 34 w(loops\).)31 b(A)727 3284 y(single)h(operator)h(can)e(be)g
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3623 y(of)29 b(operators,)i(algorithms)g(have)e FD(algorithm)h(ar)m
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3792 y(ar)n(guments)25 b(are)d(the)g(same)g(as)g(the)g(operator)i(ar)n
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3961 y(plement;)28 b(however)l(,)e(sometimes)h(algorithms)g(don')n(t)f
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4841 y(algorithms)24 b(and)e(return)h(an)e(output)i(that)g(can)f(be)f
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3185 y(shown)18 b(in)g(Figure)g(4.5\(a\).)30 b FH(X)24
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%%Page: 49 61
49 60 bop 318 403 3247 4 v 318 2450 4 2047 v 386 483
a Fs(E)t Fv(\()p Fs(x)509 492 y Fu(1)543 483 y Fs(;)11
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b(:)f Fo(D)942 492 y Fm(1)1000 483 y Fv(=)-12 b FB(\))20
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491 y Fn(n)1564 483 y Fv(\))20 b(:)f Fo(D)1712 492 y
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956 y Fs(Y)386 1035 y FB(gg)1564 1186 y Fy(\(a\))g(General)g(Prairie)f
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V 25 w(ar)o(g2)h Fv(\(?1)13 b Fs(:)f(:)f(:)p Fv(?)p Fs(n)p
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V 25 w(code)386 1523 y FB(ff)601 1602 y Fs(X)664 1578
y Ft(0)601 1681 y FF(if)18 b(\(!\()p Fs(T)776 1657 y
Ft(0)798 1681 y FF(\)\))f(REJECT)l(;)386 1760 y FB(gg)386
1839 y FF(\045appl)p 558 1839 V 25 w(code)386 1917 y
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2234 y Fy(\(b\))24 b(V)-10 b(olcano)25 b(trans)p 950
2234 23 4 v 28 w(rule)e(corresponding)k(to)d(the)g(T)-7
b(-rule)23 b(in)h(\(a\).)40 b Fl(?)p Fq(i)25 b Fy(corresponds)g(to)f
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2202 y Ft(0)3079 2234 y Fy(,)g Fq(T)3179 2202 y Ft(0)3201
2234 y Fy(,)g(and)f Fq(Y)3438 2202 y Ft(0)423 2326 y
Fy(correspond)d(to)e Fq(X)6 b Fy(,)18 b Fq(T)11 b Fy(,)18
b(and)i Fq(Y)c Fy(,)j(respectively)-5 b(,)19 b(with)g(property)h
(references)f(suitably)g(modi\256ed.)p 3562 2450 4 2047
v 318 2453 3247 4 v 3564 2470 19 2054 v 335 2470 3247
19 v 1391 2665 a FP(Figure)25 b(4.5:)31 b(T)m(ranslating)25
b(T)-8 b(-rules)300 3042 y(to)29 b(op)p 494 3042 28 4
v 34 w(ar)n(g)g(as)g(a)g(C)f(struct.)48 b(On)28 b(the)i(other)g(hand,)h
(since)f(logical)h(properties)g(are)f(pointers)h(to)e(shared)300
3211 y(structures,)d(the)e(reference)i(in)d(statement)i(2)e(to)h(log)p
1940 3211 V 34 w(prop)g(is)f(as)h(a)f(pointer)-5 b(.)583
3381 y(There)31 b(are)f(two)f(interesting)k(points)f(to)e(note)g(in)g
(this)h(translation.)53 b(Note)30 b(that)g(a)g(single)h(de-)297
3550 y(scriptor)23 b(copy)f(\()p Fp(D)902 3564 y Fo(7)972
3550 y FA(=)j Fp(D)1148 3564 y Fo(5)1193 3550 y FP(\))20
b(statement)j(in)e(Figure)g(4.6\(a\))h(results)g(in)f(two)f(assignment)
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g(and)f(cost)f(are)300 4058 y(not)d(relevant)h(in)f(a)f(T)-8
b(-rule,)23 b(they)i(are)e(not)h(copied.)1890 4025 y
Fv(2)576 4228 y FP(Second,)18 b(note)g(that)f(statements)h(1,)g(6,)f
(and)g(7)g(in)f(Figure)h(4.6\(a\),)i(which)e(compute)g(logical)i(prop-)
294 4397 y(erties)f(of)g Fp(D)680 4411 y Fo(6)725 4397
y FP(,)g(are)g(reduced)h(to)f(NO)p 1423 4397 V 32 w(OP)e(statements.)
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f(properties)h(are)292 4566 y(computed)f(before)e(optimization)j
(begins)e(\(by)f(DBI-de\256ned)g(support)h(functions,)j(init)p
3042 4566 V 34 w(descriptor\),)f(so,)300 4736 y(these)25
b(statements)g(are)f(redundant.)p 300 4798 1320 4 v 400
4852 a Fu(2)434 4884 y Fy(They)c(are,)e(however)m(,)i(initialized)e(by)
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400 4943 y Fu(3)434 4975 y Fy(The)g(P2V)g(preprocessor)h
(macro-de\256nes)g(NO)p 1675 4975 V 27 w(OP)e(as)h(an)g(empty)h
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%%Page: 50 62
50 61 bop 318 403 3247 4 v 318 3219 4 2816 v 386 478
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Fs(S)2045 487 y Fu(2)2080 478 y Fs(;)g(S)2154 487 y Fu(3)2189
478 y Fv(\))20 b(:)f Fo(D)2337 487 y Fm(6)2376 478 y
Fv(\))h(:)f Fo(D)2524 487 y Fm(7)3393 478 y FF(\(4.5\))386
557 y FB(ff)601 635 y FF(1.)j Fo(D)735 644 y Fm(6)774
635 y Fs(:)p FF(attributes)h Fv(=)c FF(union)f Fv(\()p
Fo(D)1392 644 y Fm(2)1432 635 y Fs(:)p FF(attributes)r
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793 20 4 v 25 w(associative)f Fv(\()p Fo(D)923 802 y
Fm(5)962 793 y Fs(:)p FF(join)p 1088 793 V 25 w(predicate)s
Fs(;)12 b Fo(D)1446 802 y Fm(2)1485 793 y Fs(:)p FF(attributes)s
Fv(\))386 872 y FB(ff)601 951 y FF(3.)22 b Fo(D)735 960
y Fm(7)794 951 y Fv(=)d Fo(D)930 960 y Fm(5)986 951 y
Fv(;)601 1030 y FF(4.)j Fo(D)735 1039 y Fm(7)774 1030
y Fs(:)p FF(join)p 900 1030 V 25 w(predicate)h Fv(=)d
Fo(D)1321 1039 y Fm(4)1360 1030 y Fs(:)p FF(join)p 1486
1030 V 25 w(predicate)g Fv(;)601 1109 y FF(5.)i Fo(D)735
1118 y Fm(6)774 1109 y Fs(:)p FF(join)p 900 1109 V 25
w(predicate)h Fv(=)d Fo(D)1321 1118 y Fm(5)1360 1109
y Fs(:)p FF(join)p 1486 1109 V 25 w(predicate)g Fv(;)601
1188 y FF(6.)i Fo(D)735 1197 y Fm(6)774 1188 y Fs(:)p
FF(record)p 966 1188 V 25 w(width)f Fv(=)f Fo(D)1295
1197 y Fm(2)1334 1188 y Fs(:)p FF(record)p 1526 1188
V 25 w(width)d Fv(+)f Fo(D)1847 1197 y Fm(3)1885 1188
y Fs(:)p FF(record)p 2077 1188 V 26 w(width)i Fv(;)601
1266 y FF(7.)k Fo(D)735 1275 y Fm(6)774 1266 y Fs(:)p
FF(cardinality)i Fv(=)19 b FF(compute)p 1403 1266 V 26
w(cardinality)h Fv(\()p Fo(D)1814 1275 y Fm(2)1854 1266
y Fs(;)11 b Fo(D)1947 1275 y Fm(3)1986 1266 y Fv(\))17
b(;)386 1345 y FB(gg)1533 1496 y Fy(\(a\))i(Join)g(associativity)g(T)-7
b(-rule)p 369 1598 3146 4 v 386 1648 a Fv(\()p FF(JOIN)19
b(?op)p 675 1648 20 4 v 25 w(ar)o(g5)i Fv(\(\()p FF(JOIN)f(?op)p
1150 1648 V 25 w(ar)o(g4)g Fv(\(?1)h(?2\)\))g(?3\)\))g
FB(!)e Fv(\()p FF(JOIN)h(?op)p 2089 1648 V 25 w(ar)o(g7)g
Fv(\(?1)h(\()p FF(JOIN)f(?op)p 2652 1648 V 25 w(ar)o(g6)g
Fv(\(?2)h(?3\)\)\)\))292 b FF(\(4.6\))386 1752 y(\045cond)p
573 1752 V 25 w(code)386 1831 y FB(ff)601 1909 y FF(1.)22
b(NO)p 773 1909 V 24 w(OP)17 b(;)601 1988 y(2.)22 b(if)c
Fv(\(!\()p FF(is)p 853 1988 V 24 w(associative)i Fv(\()p
FF(?op)p 1307 1988 V 26 w(ar)o(g5)g FB(!)f FF(op)p 1625
1988 V 24 w(ar)o(g)q Fs(:)p FF(join)p 1855 1988 V 25
w(predicate)s Fs(;)12 b Fv(?2)20 b FB(!)f FF(expr)q Fs(:)p
FF(ar)o(gument)q Fs(:)p FF(log)p 2824 1988 V 25 w(prop)h
FB(!)f FF(attributes)t Fv(\)\)\))736 2067 y FF(REJECT)d
Fv(;)386 2146 y FB(gg)386 2225 y FF(\045appl)p 558 2225
V 25 w(code)386 2304 y FB(ff)601 2383 y FF(3.)22 b(?op)p
772 2383 V 25 w(ar)o(g7)f FB(!)e FF(op)p 1090 2383 V
24 w(ar)o(g)q Fs(:)p FF(join)p 1320 2383 V 25 w(predicate)k
Fv(=)c FF(?op)p 1777 2383 V 25 w(ar)o(g5)h FB(!)g FF(op)p
2095 2383 V 24 w(ar)o(g)p Fs(:)p FF(join)p 2324 2383
V 25 w(predicate)g Fv(;)601 2462 y FF(3.)i(?op)p 772
2462 V 25 w(ar)o(g7)f FB(!)e FF(log)p 1108 2462 V 25
w(prop)h Fv(=)f FF(?op)p 1443 2462 V 25 w(ar)o(g5)i FB(!)e
FF(log)p 1779 2462 V 25 w(prop)e Fv(;)601 2540 y FF(4.)22
b(?op)p 772 2540 V 25 w(ar)o(g7)f FB(!)e FF(op)p 1090
2540 V 24 w(ar)o(g)q Fs(:)p FF(join)p 1320 2540 V 25
w(predicate)k Fv(=)c FF(?op)p 1777 2540 V 25 w(ar)o(g4)h
FB(!)g FF(op)p 2095 2540 V 24 w(ar)o(g)p Fs(:)p FF(join)p
2324 2540 V 25 w(predicate)g Fv(;)601 2619 y FF(5.)i(?op)p
772 2619 V 25 w(ar)o(g6)f FB(!)e FF(op)p 1090 2619 V
24 w(ar)o(g)q Fs(:)p FF(join)p 1320 2619 V 25 w(predicate)k
Fv(=)c FF(?op)p 1777 2619 V 25 w(ar)o(g5)h FB(!)g FF(op)p
2095 2619 V 24 w(ar)o(g)p Fs(:)p FF(join)p 2324 2619
V 25 w(predicate)g Fv(;)601 2698 y FF(6.)i(NO)p 773 2698
V 24 w(OP)17 b(;)601 2777 y(7.)22 b(NO)p 773 2777 V 24
w(OP)17 b(;)386 2856 y FB(gg)423 3006 y Fy(\(b\))j(P2V)-7
b(-generated)21 b(trans)p 1140 3006 23 4 v 27 w(rule)f(corresponding)j
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b(numbers)h(correspond)h(to)e(the)423 3098 y(same)f(numbered)i
(statements)e(in)g(\(a\).)p 3562 3219 4 2816 v 318 3222
3247 4 v 3564 3239 19 2823 v 335 3239 3247 19 v 1022
3435 a FP(Figure)24 b(4.6:)31 b(T)m(ranslating)25 b(the)f(join)g
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%%Page: 51 63
51 62 bop 318 403 3247 4 v 318 2588 4 2185 v 386 478
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675 1411 20 4 v 25 w(ar)o(g3)i Fv(\(?1)f(?2\)\))h FB(!)f
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V 24 w(OP)17 b(;)601 1831 y(3.)22 b(if)c Fv(\(!\(\(?1)j
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1506 1831 V 25 w(prop)h FB(!)f FF(cardinality)24 b Fs(<)19
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FB(ff)601 2146 y(\001)d(\001)f(\001)386 2225 y(gg)423
2375 y Fy(\(b\))20 b(P2V)-7 b(-generated)21 b(trans)p
1140 2375 23 4 v 27 w(rule)f(corresponding)j(to)d(the)g(T)-7
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300 3180 y(verted)j(to)e(references)j(to)d(properties)j(of)d
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72 83 bop 306 403 3272 4 v 306 2101 4 1699 v 427 1843
a @beginspecial 18.067490 @llx 18.067490 @lly 554.070007
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stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1391 a 2638 1697 a
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 2638 1697 a FF(SOR)l(T)2572
1832 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodejoin 16 { .5 5.43198
1.72792 false .5 36.0637 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2572 1832 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2747 1832 20 4 v 25
w(join)2579 2100 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
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/TheNodejoin InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2100 a 2516 1980 a
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false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2516 1980
a FF(RET)2800 1980 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr2 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2800 1980 a FF(RET)2579 2100 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
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setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579
2100 a 2579 2100 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2100 a 2522 2108 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder1 16 { .5 3.62798 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2522 2108
a FF(emp)2806 2115 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder2 16 { .5 5.43198 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2806 2115 a FF(dept)2579 2100 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
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/TheNoder1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end

2579 2100 a 2579 2100 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNoderetr2
/TheNoder2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2100 a 2573 2257 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodesort 16 { .5 5.344 1.72792
false .5 35.61568 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2573
2257 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2748 2257 20 4 v 25 w(sort)2572
2399 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodejoin 16 { .5 5.43198
1.72792 false .5 36.0637 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2572 2399 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2747 2399 20 4 v 25
w(join)2579 2667 y
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/TheNodejoin InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2667 a 2516 2547 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr1 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2516 2547
a FF(RET)2800 2547 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr2 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2800 2547 a FF(RET)2579 2667 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579
2667 a 2579 2667 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2667 a 2522 2675 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder1 16 { .5 3.62798 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2522 2675
a FF(emp)2806 2682 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder2 16 { .5 5.43198 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2806 2682 a FF(dept)2579 2667 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNoderetr1
/TheNoder1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end

2579 2667 a 2579 2667 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNoderetr2
/TheNoder2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2667 a 2573 2824 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodesort 16 { .5 5.344 1.72792
false .5 35.61568 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2573
2824 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2748 2824 20 4 v 25 w(sort)2572
2966 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodejoin 16 { .5 5.43198
1.72792 false .5 36.0637 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2572 2966 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2747 2966 20 4 v 25
w(join)2579 3234 y
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stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3234 a 2457 3114 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr1 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 29.5436 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2457 3114
a FF(File)p 2563 3114 20 4 v 25 w(scan)2740 3114 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr2 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 29.5436 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2740
3114 a FF(File)p 2846 3114 20 4 v 26 w(scan)2579 3234
y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3234 a 2579 3234 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3234 a 2522 3242 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder1 16 { .5 3.62798 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2522
3242 a FF(emp)2806 3249 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder2 16 { .5 5.43198 1.72792
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 2806 3249 a FF(dept)2579 3234
y
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stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3234 a 2579 3234 a
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stroke  grestore  grestore end
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@setspecial
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@endspecial @beginspecial @setspecial
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@endspecial
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load def false Line  gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke 
grestore end
 
@endspecial @beginspecial
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load def false Line  gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke 
grestore end
 
@endspecial 3557 3330 4 3027 v 323 3333
3237 4 v 3558 3349 19 3033 v 340 3349 3237 19 v 444 3545
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(database)e(and)f(an)g(example)h(transformation)300 3922
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300 4091 y FD(one)g FP(of)f(many)h(that)g(can)g(be)g(produced)i(by)d
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86 97 bop 323 403 3237 4 v 323 3429 4 3027 v 772 2837
a @beginspecial @setspecial
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grestore end
 
@endspecial 804 678 a @beginspecial
@setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  0. true 3.8 neg 3.96492
neg 41.57965 10.71999 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
end
 
@endspecial Fe(MERGE)772 1207 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
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59.75073 162.18057 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.75073  /Lineto /lineto load def
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stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial 801 818 a Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)971 828 y Fg(1)1003 818 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1070 828 y
Fg(2)1102 818 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOPR)p
Fu(\()p Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1585 828 y Fg(1)1617
818 y Fu(\))p Fn(;)11 b Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1857
828 y Fg(2)1889 818 y Fu(\)\))801 905 y Fh(JOPR)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)979 915 y Fg(1)1011 905 y Fn(;)g(S)1079 915 y Fg(2)1111
905 y Fu(\))17 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(Mer)o(ge)p 1399
905 15 4 v 18 w(join)o Fu(\()p Fn(S)1553 915 y Fg(1)1586
905 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1653 915 y Fg(2)1685 905 y Fu(\))801
992 y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)971 1002 y Fg(1)1003 992
y Fn(;)g(S)1070 1002 y Fg(2)1102 992 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11
b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p 1370 992 V 17 w(CONC)q Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1585 1002 y Fg(1)1617 992 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1684 1002
y Fg(2)1716 992 y Fu(\))801 1079 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)987 1089 y Fg(1)1019 1079 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(SOR)m(T)p 1302 1079 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1518
1089 y Fg(1)1550 1079 y Fu(\))801 1167 y Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p
Fn(F)958 1177 y Fg(1)990 1167 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(RET)p 1242 1167 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(F)1459
1177 y Fg(1)1491 1167 y Fu(\))804 1338 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
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neg 69.36932 10.71999 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
end
 
@endspecial Fe(SEQUENTIAL)772 1881 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
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false Polygon  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
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@endspecial 801 1491 a Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)971 1501 y Fg(1)1003 1491 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1070 1501
y Fg(2)1102 1491 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))p Fu(!)17
b Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1446 1501 y Fg(2)1478 1491 y
Fn(;)11 b(S)1546 1501 y Fg(1)1578 1491 y Fu(\))801 1578
y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1103 1588
y Fg(1)1135 1578 y Fn(;)f(S)1202 1588 y Fg(2)1234 1578
y Fu(\))p Fn(;)h(S)1326 1588 y Fg(3)1358 1578 y Fu(\))17
b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1684 1588
y Fg(1)1716 1578 y Fn(;)11 b Fh(JOIN)o Fu(\()p Fn(S)1915
1588 y Fg(2)1947 1578 y Fn(;)g(S)2015 1588 y Fg(3)2047
1578 y Fu(\)\))801 1665 y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)971
1675 y Fg(1)1003 1665 y Fn(;)f(S)1070 1675 y Fg(2)1102
1665 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p 1370 1665
V 17 w(CONC)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1585 1675 y Fg(1)1617 1665
y Fn(;)10 b(S)1684 1675 y Fg(2)1716 1665 y Fu(\))801
1753 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987 1763 y Fg(1)1019
1753 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(SOR)m(T)p 1302
1753 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1518 1763 y Fg(1)1550
1753 y Fu(\))801 1840 y Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p Fn(F)958 1850
y Fg(1)990 1840 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(RET)p
1242 1840 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(F)1459 1850 y Fg(1)1491
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@endspecial
Fe(SOR)m(T)772 2554 y @beginspecial @setspecial
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stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
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@endspecial
801 2164 a Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987 2174 y Fg(1)1019
2164 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(Mer)o(ge)p 1307
2164 V 18 w(sort)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1459 2174 y Fg(1)1491
2164 y Fu(\))801 2252 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987
2262 y Fg(1)1019 2252 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(Null)p
Fu(\()p Fn(S)1326 2262 y Fg(1)1358 2252 y Fu(\))801 2339
y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)971 2349 y Fg(1)1003 2339 y
Fn(;)10 b(S)1070 2349 y Fg(2)1102 2339 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11
b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p 1370 2339 V 17 w(CONC)q Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1585 2349 y Fg(1)1617 2339 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1684 2349
y Fg(2)1716 2339 y Fu(\))801 2426 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)987 2436 y Fg(1)1019 2426 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(SOR)m(T)p 1302 2426 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1518
2436 y Fg(1)1550 2426 y Fu(\))801 2513 y Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p
Fn(F)958 2523 y Fg(1)990 2513 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(RET)p 1242 2513 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(F)1459
2523 y Fg(1)1491 2513 y Fu(\))804 2707 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
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neg 24.35982 10.56996 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
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end
 
@endspecial Fe(RET)772 2880 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
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stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
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@endspecial 801 2839 a Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p
Fn(F)958 2849 y Fg(1)990 2839 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(File)p 1227 2839 V 17 w(scan)q Fu(\()p Fn(F)1393
2849 y Fg(1)1425 2839 y Fu(\))2638 521 y
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 2638 521 a FF(SOR)l(T)2649
663 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodejoin 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 17.32784 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2649 663 a FF(JOIN)2579 924 y
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} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodesort
/TheNodejoin InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 924 a 2516 804
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr1 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2516 804 a FF(RET)2800 804 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr2 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2800 804 a FF(RET)2579
924 y
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} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
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setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 924 a 2579 924 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 924 a 2522 939 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder1 16 { .5 5.43198 1.72792
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1185 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p 1370 1185
15 4 v 17 w(CONC)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1585 1195 y Fg(1)1617
1185 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1684 1195 y Fg(2)1716 1185 y Fu(\))801
1272 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987 1282 y Fg(1)1019
1272 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(SOR)m(T)p 1302
1272 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1518 1282 y Fg(1)1550
1272 y Fu(\))801 1360 y Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p Fn(F)958 1370
y Fg(1)990 1360 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(RET)p
1242 1360 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(F)1459 1370 y Fg(1)1491
1360 y Fu(\))804 1545 y @beginspecial @setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  0. true 3.8 neg 3.96492
neg 77.69916 10.71999 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
end
 
@endspecial
Fe(DISTRIBUTION)772 2145 y @beginspecial @setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  [ 0.0 68.28656 162.18057
68.28656 162.18057 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68.28656  /Lineto /lineto load def
false Polygon  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore end


@endspecial 801 1668 a Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)971 1678
y Fg(1)1003 1668 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1070 1678 y Fg(2)1102
1668 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p 1370 1668
V 17 w(CONC)q Fu(\()p Fh(XFER)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1736 1678
y Fg(1)1768 1668 y Fu(\))p Fn(;)11 b Fh(XFER)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)2011 1678 y Fg(2)2043 1668 y Fu(\)\))801 1755 y
Fh(XFER)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)990 1765 y Fg(1)1022 1755 y Fu(\))18
b(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(Ship)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1332 1765
y Fg(1)1364 1755 y Fu(\))801 1842 y Fh(XFER)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)990 1852 y Fg(1)1022 1842 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(Null)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1329 1852 y Fg(1)1361 1842 y
Fu(\))801 1929 y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)971 1939 y Fg(1)1003
1929 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1070 1939 y Fg(2)1102 1929 y Fu(\))18
b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p 1370 1929 V 17 w(CONC)q
Fu(\()p Fn(S)1585 1939 y Fg(1)1617 1929 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1684
1939 y Fg(2)1716 1929 y Fu(\))801 2017 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p
Fu(\()p Fn(S)987 2027 y Fg(1)1019 2017 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11
b Ft(\))17 b Fh(SOR)m(T)p 1302 2017 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1518 2027 y Fg(1)1550 2017 y Fu(\))801 2104 y Fh(RET)q
Fu(\()p Fn(F)958 2114 y Fg(1)990 2104 y Fu(\))h(=)-11
b Ft(\))17 b Fh(RET)p 1242 2104 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p
Fn(F)1459 2114 y Fg(1)1491 2104 y Fu(\))804 2289 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  0. true 3.8 neg 3.96492
neg 41.57965 10.71999 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
end
 
@endspecial Fe(MERGE)772 2818 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  [ 0.0 59.75073 162.18057
59.75073 162.18057 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.75073  /Lineto /lineto load def
false Polygon  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial 801 2428 a Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)971 2438 y Fg(1)1003 2428 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1070 2438
y Fg(2)1102 2428 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOPR)p
Fu(\()p Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1585 2438 y Fg(1)1617
2428 y Fu(\))p Fn(;)11 b Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1857
2438 y Fg(2)1889 2428 y Fu(\)\))801 2515 y Fh(JOPR)p
Fu(\()p Fn(S)979 2525 y Fg(1)1011 2515 y Fn(;)g(S)1079
2525 y Fg(2)1111 2515 y Fu(\))17 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b
Fh(Mer)o(ge)p 1399 2515 V 18 w(join)o Fu(\()p Fn(S)1553
2525 y Fg(1)1586 2515 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1653 2525 y Fg(2)1685
2515 y Fu(\))801 2603 y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)971 2613
y Fg(1)1003 2603 y Fn(;)g(S)1070 2613 y Fg(2)1102 2603
y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p 1370 2603 V
17 w(CONC)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1585 2613 y Fg(1)1617 2603 y
Fn(;)10 b(S)1684 2613 y Fg(2)1716 2603 y Fu(\))801 2690
y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987 2700 y Fg(1)1019 2690
y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(SOR)m(T)p 1302 2690
V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1518 2700 y Fg(1)1550 2690
y Fu(\))801 2777 y Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p Fn(F)958 2787 y Fg(1)990
2777 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(RET)p 1242 2777
V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(F)1459 2787 y Fg(1)1491 2777
y Fu(\))804 2962 y @beginspecial @setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  0. true 3.8 neg 3.96492
neg 30.67973 10.71999 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
end
 
@endspecial
Fe(SOR)m(T)772 3491 y @beginspecial @setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  [ 0.0 59.75073 162.18057
59.75073 162.18057 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.75073  /Lineto /lineto load def
false Polygon  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial
801 3102 a Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987 3112 y Fg(1)1019
3102 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(Mer)o(ge)p 1307
3102 V 18 w(sort)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1459 3112 y Fg(1)1491
3102 y Fu(\))801 3189 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987
3199 y Fg(1)1019 3189 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(Null)p
Fu(\()p Fn(S)1326 3199 y Fg(1)1358 3189 y Fu(\))801 3276
y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)971 3286 y Fg(1)1003 3276 y
Fn(;)10 b(S)1070 3286 y Fg(2)1102 3276 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11
b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p 1370 3276 V 17 w(CONC)q Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1585 3286 y Fg(1)1617 3276 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1684 3286
y Fg(2)1716 3276 y Fu(\))801 3363 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)987 3373 y Fg(1)1019 3363 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(SOR)m(T)p 1302 3363 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1518
3373 y Fg(1)1550 3363 y Fu(\))801 3450 y Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p
Fn(F)958 3460 y Fg(1)990 3450 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(RET)p 1242 3450 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(F)1459
3460 y Fg(1)1491 3450 y Fu(\))804 3771 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  0. true 3.8 neg 3.8
neg 24.35982 10.56996 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
end
 
@endspecial Fe(RET)772 3945 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  [ 0.0 17.07164 162.18057
17.07164 162.18057 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.07164  /Lineto /lineto load def
false Polygon  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial 801 3904 a Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p
Fn(F)958 3914 y Fg(1)990 3904 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(File)p 1227 3904 V 17 w(scan)q Fu(\()p Fn(F)1393
3914 y Fg(1)1425 3904 y Fu(\))2638 757 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodesort 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 19.96785 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2638 757 a FF(SOR)l(T)2649
898 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodejoin 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 17.32784 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2649 898 a FF(JOIN)2579 1160 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodesort
/TheNodejoin InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1160 a 2516
1040 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr1 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2516 1040 a FF(RET)2800 1040 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr2 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2800 1040 a FF(RET)2579
1160 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1160 a 2579 1160 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1160 a 2522 1175
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder1 16 { .5 5.43198 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2522 1175 a FF(dept)2806 1168 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder2 16 { .5 3.62798 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2806 1168 a FF(emp)2579
1160 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNoderetr1
/TheNoder1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1160 a 2579 1160 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNoderetr2
/TheNoder2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1160 a 2638 1323
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodesort 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 19.96785 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2638 1323 a FF(SOR)l(T)2649 1465 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodejoin 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 17.32784 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2649 1465 a FF(JOIN)2579
1726 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodesort
/TheNodejoin InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1726 a 2516 1607 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr1 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2516 1607 a FF(RET)2800
1607 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr2 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2800 1607 a FF(RET)2579 1726 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1726 a 2579
1726 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1726 a 2522 1734 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder1 16 { .5 3.62798 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2522 1734 a FF(emp)2806
1742 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder2 16 { .5 5.43198 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2806 1742 a FF(dept)2579 1726 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNoderetr1
/TheNoder1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1726 a 2579
1726 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNoderetr2
/TheNoder2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1726 a 2638 1961 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodesort 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 19.96785 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2638 1961 a FF(SOR)l(T)2649
2103 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodejoin 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 17.32784 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2649 2103 a FF(JOIN)2579 2506 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodesort
/TheNodejoin InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2506 a 2518
2238 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodexfer1 16 { .5 5.43198
1.72792 false .5 14.67188 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2518 2238 a FF(Ship)2802 2238 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodexfer2 16 { .5 5.43198
1.72792 false .5 14.67188 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2802 2238 a FF(Ship)2579
2506 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNodexfer1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2506 a 2579 2506 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNodexfer2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2506 a 2516 2386
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr1 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2516 2386 a FF(RET)2800 2386 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr2 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2800 2386 a FF(RET)2579
2506 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodexfer1
/TheNoderetr1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2506 a 2579 2506 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodexfer2
/TheNoderetr2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2506 a 2522 2514
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder1 16 { .5 3.62798 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2522 2514 a FF(emp)2806 2521 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder2 16 { .5 5.43198 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2806 2521 a FF(dept)2579
2506 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNoderetr1
/TheNoder1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2506 a 2579 2506 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNoderetr2
/TheNoder2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 2506 a 2638 2670
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodesort 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 19.96785 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2638 2670 a FF(SOR)l(T)2572 2805 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodejoin 16 { .5 5.43198
1.72792 false .5 36.0637 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2572 2805 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p
2747 2805 20 4 v 25 w(join)2579 3215 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodesort
/TheNodejoin InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3215 a 2518
2947 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodexfer1 16 { .5 5.43198
1.72792 false .5 14.67188 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2518 2947 a FF(Ship)2802 2947 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodexfer2 16 { .5 5.43198
1.72792 false .5 14.67188 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2802 2947 a FF(Ship)2579
3215 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNodexfer1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3215 a 2579 3215 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNodexfer2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3215 a 2516 3095
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr1 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2516 3095 a FF(RET)2800 3095 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr2 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2800 3095 a FF(RET)2579
3215 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodexfer1
/TheNoderetr1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3215 a 2579 3215 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodexfer2
/TheNoderetr2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3215 a 2522 3223
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder1 16 { .5 3.62798 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2522 3223 a FF(emp)2806 3230 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder2 16 { .5 5.43198 1.72792
false .5 13.77588 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2806 3230 a FF(dept)2579
3215 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNoderetr1
/TheNoder1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3215 a 2579 3215 a
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 2579 3215 a 2573 3300
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodesort 16 { .5 5.344 1.72792
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 2573 3300 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2748 3300 20 4 v 25 w(sort)2572
3443 y
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stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3852 a 2518 3584 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodexfer1 16 { .5 5.43198
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 2518 3584
a FF(Ship)2802 3584 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodexfer2 16 { .5 5.43198
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 2802 3584 a FF(Ship)2579 3852 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
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setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end

2579 3852 a 2579 3852 a
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setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3852 a 2516 3733 a
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 2516
3733 a FF(RET)2800 3733 y
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 2800 3733 a FF(RET)2579 3852
y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
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setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3852 a 2579 3852 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
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setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3852 a 2522 3860 a
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 2522
3860 a FF(emp)2806 3868 y
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 2806 3868 a FF(dept)2579 3852
y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
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 2579 3852 a 2579 3852 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
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stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 3852 a 2573 3938 a
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 2573
3938 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2748 3938 20 4 v 25 w(sort)2572
4080 y
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 2572 4080 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2747 4080 20 4 v 25
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stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 4490 a 2518 4222 a
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 2518 4222
a FF(Ship)2802 4222 y
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1.72792 false .5 14.67188 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
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setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end

2579 4490 a 2579 4490 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
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setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 4490 a 2457 4371 a
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0.08394 false .5 29.5436 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2457
4371 a FF(File)p 2563 4371 20 4 v 25 w(scan)2740 4371
y
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 2579 4490 a 2579 4490 a
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setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 4490 a 2522 4498
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder1 16 { .5 3.62798 1.72792
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 2522 4498 a FF(emp)2806 4506 y
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4490 y
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stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 4490 a 2579 4490 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
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stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 4490 a 808 3073 a
@beginspecial @setspecial
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stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial @beginspecial
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stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial @beginspecial @setspecial
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load def false Line  gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke 
grestore end
 
@endspecial
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stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial @beginspecial
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@endspecial 3557 4529 4 3891 v 323 4532
3237 4 v 3558 4549 19 3898 v 340 4549 3237 19 v 449 4745
a FP(Figure)24 b(6.6:)31 b(An)23 b(optimizer)i(for)f(a)f(distributed)k
(database)e(and)f(an)g(example)h(transformation)1905
5349 y(88)p eop
%%Page: 89 101
89 100 bop 323 823 3237 4 v 323 4345 4 3523 v 772 3668
a @beginspecial @setspecial
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/ArrowB { } def [ 81.09029 290.21788 81.09029 -8.53581  /Lineto /lineto
load def false Line  gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke 
grestore end
 
@endspecial 804 1070 a @beginspecial
@setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  0. true 3.8 neg 5.61494
neg 69.36932 10.71999 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
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@endspecial Fe(SEQUENTIAL)772 1613 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  [ 0.0 59.75073 162.18057
59.75073 162.18057 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.75073  /Lineto /lineto load def
false Polygon  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial 801 1224 a Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)971 1234 y Fg(1)1003 1224 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1070 1234
y Fg(2)1102 1224 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))p Fu(!)17
b Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1446 1234 y Fg(2)1478 1224 y
Fn(;)11 b(S)1546 1234 y Fg(1)1578 1224 y Fu(\))801 1311
y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1103 1321
y Fg(1)1135 1311 y Fn(;)f(S)1202 1321 y Fg(2)1234 1311
y Fu(\))p Fn(;)h(S)1326 1321 y Fg(3)1358 1311 y Fu(\))17
b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1684 1321
y Fg(1)1716 1311 y Fn(;)11 b Fh(JOIN)o Fu(\()p Fn(S)1915
1321 y Fg(2)1947 1311 y Fn(;)g(S)2015 1321 y Fg(3)2047
1311 y Fu(\)\))801 1398 y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)971
1408 y Fg(1)1003 1398 y Fn(;)f(S)1070 1408 y Fg(2)1102
1398 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p 1370 1398
15 4 v 17 w(CONC)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1585 1408 y Fg(1)1617
1398 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1684 1408 y Fg(2)1716 1398 y Fu(\))801
1485 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987 1495 y Fg(1)1019
1485 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(SOR)m(T)p 1302
1485 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1518 1495 y Fg(1)1550
1485 y Fu(\))801 1572 y Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p Fn(F)958 1582
y Fg(1)990 1572 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(RET)p
1242 1572 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(F)1459 1582 y Fg(1)1491
1572 y Fu(\))804 1757 y @beginspecial @setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  0. true 3.8 neg 3.96492
neg 41.57965 10.71999 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
end
 
@endspecial
Fe(MERGE)772 2286 y @beginspecial @setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  [ 0.0 59.75073 162.18057
59.75073 162.18057 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.75073  /Lineto /lineto load def
false Polygon  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial
801 1897 a Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)971 1907 y Fg(1)1003
1897 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1070 1907 y Fg(2)1102 1897 y Fu(\))18
b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOPR)p Fu(\()p Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1585 1907 y Fg(1)1617 1897 y Fu(\))p Fn(;)11 b Fh(SOR)m(T)p
Fu(\()p Fn(S)1857 1907 y Fg(2)1889 1897 y Fu(\)\))801
1984 y Fh(JOPR)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)979 1994 y Fg(1)1011 1984
y Fn(;)g(S)1079 1994 y Fg(2)1111 1984 y Fu(\))17 b(=)-11
b Ft(\))18 b Fh(Mer)o(ge)p 1399 1984 V 18 w(join)o Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1553 1994 y Fg(1)1586 1984 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1653 1994
y Fg(2)1685 1984 y Fu(\))801 2071 y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)971 2081 y Fg(1)1003 2071 y Fn(;)g(S)1070 2081 y
Fg(2)1102 2071 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p
1370 2071 V 17 w(CONC)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1585 2081 y Fg(1)1617
2071 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1684 2081 y Fg(2)1716 2071 y Fu(\))801
2158 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987 2168 y Fg(1)1019
2158 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(SOR)m(T)p 1302
2158 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1518 2168 y Fg(1)1550
2158 y Fu(\))801 2245 y Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p Fn(F)958 2255
y Fg(1)990 2245 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(RET)p
1242 2245 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(F)1459 2255 y Fg(1)1491
2245 y Fu(\))804 2431 y @beginspecial @setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  0. true 3.8 neg 3.96492
neg 30.67973 10.71999 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
end
 
@endspecial
Fe(SOR)m(T)772 2960 y @beginspecial @setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  [ 0.0 59.75073 162.18057
59.75073 162.18057 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59.75073  /Lineto /lineto load def
false Polygon  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial
801 2570 a Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987 2580 y Fg(1)1019
2570 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(Mer)o(ge)p 1307
2570 V 18 w(sort)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1459 2580 y Fg(1)1491
2570 y Fu(\))801 2657 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)987
2667 y Fg(1)1019 2657 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(Null)p
Fu(\()p Fn(S)1326 2667 y Fg(1)1358 2657 y Fu(\))801 2744
y Fh(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)971 2754 y Fg(1)1003 2744 y
Fn(;)10 b(S)1070 2754 y Fg(2)1102 2744 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11
b Ft(\))18 b Fh(JOIN)p 1370 2744 V 17 w(CONC)q Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1585 2754 y Fg(1)1617 2744 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1684 2754
y Fg(2)1716 2744 y Fu(\))801 2832 y Fh(SOR)m(T)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)987 2842 y Fg(1)1019 2832 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(SOR)m(T)p 1302 2832 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1518
2842 y Fg(1)1550 2832 y Fu(\))801 2919 y Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p
Fn(F)958 2929 y Fg(1)990 2919 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(RET)p 1242 2919 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p Fn(F)1459
2929 y Fg(1)1491 2919 y Fu(\))804 3139 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  0. true 3.8 neg 3.96492
neg 73.61931 10.71999 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
end
 
@endspecial Fe(REPLICA)-6 b(TION)772 3385
y @beginspecial @setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  [ 0.0 25.60745 162.18057
25.60745 162.18057 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.60745  /Lineto /lineto load def
false Polygon  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial 801 3257 a Fh(RET)q
Fu(\()p Fn(F)958 3267 y Fg(1)990 3257 y Fu(\))18 b(=)-11
b Ft(\))17 b Fh(RET)p 1242 3257 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p
Fn(F)1459 3267 y Fg(11)1520 3257 y Fu(\))801 3344 y Fh(RET)q
Fu(\()p Fn(F)958 3354 y Fg(1)990 3344 y Fu(\))h(=)-11
b Ft(\))17 b Fh(RET)p 1242 3344 V 19 w(CONC)p Fu(\()p
Fn(F)1459 3354 y Fg(12)1520 3344 y Fu(\))804 3679 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
 tx@Dict begin STP newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  0. true 3.8 neg 3.8
neg 24.35982 10.56996 .5 Frame  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray
gsave fill grestore stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore
end
 
@endspecial Fe(RET)772 3852 y @beginspecial
@setspecial
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17.07164 162.18057 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.07164  /Lineto /lineto load def
false Polygon  gsave 3.0 -45. PtoC Shadow 0. setgray gsave fill grestore
stroke grestore gsave 1. setgray gsave fill grestore stroke grestore
gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap stroke  grestore end
 
@endspecial 801 3812 a Fh(RET)q Fu(\()p
Fn(F)958 3822 y Fg(1)990 3812 y Fu(\))h(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(File)p 1227 3812 V 17 w(scan)q Fu(\()p Fn(F)1393
3822 y Fg(1)1425 3812 y Fu(\))2638 941 y
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0.08394 false .5 19.96785 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2638 941 a FF(SOR)l(T)2649
1082 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNodejoin 16 { .5 5.43198
0.08394 false .5 17.32784 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2649 1082 a FF(JOIN)2579 1344 y
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodesort
/TheNodejoin InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0 setlinecap
stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1344 a 2516
1224 a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr1 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2516 1224 a FF(RET)2800 1224 y
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoderetr2 16 { .5 5.344 0.0
false .5 15.11191 InitRnode  } NewNode end end
 2800 1224 a FF(RET)2579
1344 y
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} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr1 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1344 a 2579 1344 a
 tx@Dict begin gsave STV newpath 0.8 SLW 0. setgray  /ArrowA { moveto
} def /ArrowB { } def tx@NodeDict begin 0.0 0.0 neg 3.0 3.0 /TheNodejoin
/TheNoderetr2 InitNC { NCLine  } if end gsave 0.8 SLW 0. setgray 0
setlinecap stroke  grestore  grestore end
 2579 1344 a 2522 1359
a
 tx@Dict begin tx@NodeDict begin {  } /TheNoder1 16 { .5 5.43198 1.72792
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 2522 1359 a FF(dept)2806 1352 y
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1791 y
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1926 y
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2351 y
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 2516 2500
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2619 a 2579 2619 a
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 2579 2619 a 2522 2627 a
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 2522 2627
a FF(emp)2806 2635 y
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2819 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2748 2819 20 4 v 25 w(sort)2572
2961 y
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 2516 3109
a FF(RET)2800 3109 y
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3229 a 2579 3229 a
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 2579 3229 a 2522 3237 a
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 2522 3237
a FF(emp)2806 3244 y
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3343 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2748 3343 20 4 v 25 w(sort)2572
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3634 a FF(File)p 2846 3634 20 4 v 26 w(scan)2579 3753
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3769 a FF(emp)p 2612 3769 20 4 v 24 w(1)2777 3769 y
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 2777
3769 a FF(dept)p 2894 3769 20 4 v 25 w(2)2579 3753 y
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3839 a FF(Mer)o(ge)p 2748 3839 20 4 v 25 w(sort)2572
3981 y
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4265 a FF(emp)p 2612 4265 20 4 v 24 w(1)2777 4265 y
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 @endspecial 2058 1897 a(\(b\))30 b(Query)f(optimization)h(time)f(for)g
(the)g(central-)2058 1988 y(ized)20 b(DBMS)e(optimizer)h(\(Figure)g
(6.4\))p 379 2090 3148 4 v 427 3395 a @beginspecial 18.067490
@llx 18.067490 @lly 554.070007 @urx 461.724976 @ury 1771
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 @endspecial 483 3529 a(\(c\))c(Query)g(optimization)g(time)f(for)g
(the)h(distributed)483 3621 y(DBMS)k(optimizer)g(\(Figure)f(6.6\))p
1951 3720 4 1630 v 2003 3395 a @beginspecial 18.067490
@llx 18.067490 @lly 554.070007 @urx 461.724976 @ury 1771
@rwi @setspecial
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Ft(\000)-10 b(!)p Fu(!\()p Fh(OP)p 1234 2298 V 17 w(JOIN)17
b(?op)p 1448 2298 V 18 w(ar)o(g2)g Fu(\(?2)h(?1\)\))374
2386 y(\()p Fh(OP)p 465 2386 V 18 w(SELECT)h(?op)p 755
2386 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)e Fu(\(\()p Fh(OP)p 990 2386 V 18
w(SELECT)i(?op)p 1280 2386 V 18 w(ar)o(g2)e Fu(\(?1\)\)\)\))h
Ft(\000)-10 b(!)p Fu(!\()p Fh(OP)p 1805 2386 V 17 w(SELECT)19
b(?op)p 2094 2386 V 18 w(ar)o(g3)e Fu(\(\()p Fh(OP)p
2329 2386 V 18 w(SELECT)i(op)p 2597 2386 V 18 w(ar)o(g4)e
Fu(\(?1\)\)\)\))374 2473 y(\()p Fh(OP)p 465 2473 V 18
w(MA)-6 b(T)19 b(?op)p 678 2473 V 17 w(ar)o(g1)f Fu(\(\()p
Fh(OP)p 913 2473 V 17 w(MA)-6 b(T)19 b(?op)p 1125 2473
V 18 w(ar)o(g2)e Fu(\(?1\)\)\)\))h Ft(\000)-10 b(!)p
Fu(!\()p Fh(OP)p 1650 2473 V 17 w(MA)k(T)18 b(?op)p 1861
2473 V 18 w(ar)o(g3)g Fu(\(\()p Fh(OP)p 2097 2473 V 17
w(MA)-6 b(T)19 b(op)p 2287 2473 V 18 w(ar)o(g4)e Fu(\(?1\)\)\)\))374
2560 y(\()p Fh(OP)p 465 2560 V 18 w(SELECT)i(?op)p 755
2560 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)e Fu(\(\()p Fh(OP)p 990 2560 V 18
w(SELECT)i(?op)p 1280 2560 V 18 w(ar)o(g2)e Fu(\(?1\)\)\)\))h
Ft(\000)-10 b(!)p Fu(!\()p Fh(OP)p 1805 2560 V 17 w(SELECT)19
b(?op)p 2094 2560 V 18 w(ar)o(g3)e Fu(\(?1\)\))374 2647
y(\()p Fh(OP)p 465 2647 V 18 w(JOIN)g(?op)p 680 2647
V 18 w(ar)o(g1)h Fu(\(\()p Fh(OP)p 916 2647 V 17 w(JOIN)g(?op)p
1131 2647 V 18 w(ar)o(g2)f Fu(\(?1)h(?2\)\))g(?3\)\))g
Ft(\000)-11 b(!)18 b Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 1809 2647 V 17 w(JOIN)g(?op)p
2024 2647 V 18 w(ar)o(g3)f Fu(\(?1)h(\()p Fh(OP)p 2336
2647 V 17 w(JOIN)g(op)p 2529 2647 V 18 w(ar)o(g4)f Fu(\(?2)h
(?3\)\)\)\))374 2734 y(\()p Fh(OP)p 465 2734 V 18 w(MA)-6
b(T)19 b(?op)p 678 2734 V 17 w(ar)o(g1)f Fu(\(\()p Fh(OP)p
913 2734 V 17 w(MA)-6 b(T)19 b(?op)p 1125 2734 V 18 w(ar)o(g2)e
Fu(\(?1\)\)\)\))h Ft(\000)-10 b(!)17 b Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p
1649 2734 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)19 b(?op)p 1862 2734 V 17
w(ar)o(g3)f Fu(\(?1\)\))374 2821 y(\()p Fh(OP)p 465 2821
V 18 w(JOIN)f(?op)p 680 2821 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)h Fu(\(?1)f(?2\)\))h
Ft(\000)-10 b(!)p Fu(!\()p Fh(OP)p 1234 2821 V 17 w(JOIN)17
b(?op)p 1448 2821 V 18 w(ar)o(g2)g Fu(\(?2)h(?1\)\))374
3019 y FI(Implementation)24 b(rules)374 3107 y Fu(\()p
Fh(OP)p 465 3107 V 18 w(JOIN)17 b(?op)p 680 3107 V 18
w(ar)o(g1)h Fu(\(?1)f(?2\)\))h Ft(\000)-10 b(!)17 b Fu(\()p
Fh(Al)p 1219 3107 V 18 w(hh)p 1287 3107 V 18 w(join)g(?al)p
1458 3107 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)g Fu(\(?1)h(?2\)\))374 3194
y(\()p Fh(OP)p 465 3194 V 18 w(JOIN)f(?op)p 680 3194
V 18 w(ar)o(g1)h Fu(\(?1)f(\()p Fh(OP)p 992 3194 V 18
w(GET)i(?op)p 1197 3194 V 17 w(ar)o(g2)f Fu(\(\)\)\)\))f
Ft(\000)-10 b(!)17 b Fu(\()p Fh(Al)p 1647 3194 V 18 w(ptr)p
1721 3194 V 17 w(hh)p 1788 3194 V 18 w(join)g(?al)p 1959
3194 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)g Fu(\(?1\)\))374 3281 y(\()p Fh(OP)p
465 3281 V 18 w(SELECT)i(?op)p 755 3281 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)e
Fu(\(?1\)\))h Ft(\000)-10 b(!)17 b Fu(\()p Fh(Al)p 1217
3281 V 18 w(\256lter)g(?al)p 1405 3281 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)g
Fu(\(?1\)\))374 3368 y(\()p Fh(OP)p 465 3368 V 18 w(MA)-6
b(T)19 b(?op)p 678 3368 V 17 w(ar)o(g1)f Fu(\(?1\)\))g
Ft(\000)-11 b(!)18 b Fu(\()p Fh(Al)p 1140 3368 V 17 w(assembly)g(?al)p
1418 3368 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)g Fu(\(?1\)\))374 3455 y(\()p
Fh(OP)p 465 3455 V 18 w(GET)g(?op)p 669 3455 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)f
Fu(\(\)\))h Ft(\000)-11 b(!)18 b Fu(\()p Fh(Al)p 1072
3455 V 18 w(\256le)p 1154 3455 V 17 w(scan)h(?al)p 1336
3455 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)e Fu(\(\)\))374 3542 y(\()p Fh(OP)p
465 3542 V 18 w(UNNEST)h(?op)p 769 3542 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)f
Fu(\(?1\)\))h Ft(\000)-11 b(!)18 b Fu(\()p Fh(Al)p 1231
3542 V 18 w(unnest)f(?al)p 1454 3542 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)h
Fu(\(?1\)\))374 3630 y(\()p Fh(OP)p 465 3630 V 18 w(PROJECT)h(?op)p
783 3630 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)e Fu(\(?1\)\))h Ft(\000)-11 b(!)18
b Fu(\()p Fh(Al)p 1245 3630 V 18 w(project)f(?al)p 1477
3630 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)g Fu(\(?1\)\))374 3717 y(\()p Fh(OP)p
465 3717 V 18 w(SELECT)i(?op)p 755 3717 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)e
Fu(\(\()p Fh(OP)p 990 3717 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)19 b(?op)p
1203 3717 V 18 w(ar)o(g2)e Fu(\(\()p Fh(OP)p 1438 3717
V 17 w(GET)i(?op)p 1642 3717 V 18 w(ar)o(g3)e Fu(\(\)\)\)\)\)\))h
Ft(\000)-11 b(!)18 b Fu(\()p Fh(Al)p 2141 3717 V 17 w(index)p
2269 3717 V 18 w(scan)g(?al)p 2451 3717 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)f
Fu(\(\)\))374 3804 y(\()p Fh(OP)p 465 3804 V 18 w(SELECT)i(?op)p
755 3804 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)e Fu(\(\()p Fh(OP)p 990 3804
V 18 w(GET)h(?op)p 1194 3804 V 18 w(ar)o(g2)g Fu(\(\)\)\)\))f
Ft(\000)-11 b(!)18 b Fu(\()p Fh(Al)p 1645 3804 V 18 w(index)p
1774 3804 V 17 w(scan)h(?al)p 1956 3804 V 18 w(ar)o(g1)e
Fu(\(\)\))p 3557 3916 4 2665 v 323 3919 3237 4 v 3558
3936 19 2672 v 340 3936 3237 19 v 913 4132 a FP(Figure)24
b(C.1:)31 b(V)-12 b(olcano)25 b(rules)f(for)g(the)g(Open)f(OODB)e
(optimizer)1884 5349 y(1)m(10)p eop
%%Page: 111 123
111 122 bop 323 958 3237 4 v 323 4209 4 3251 v 374 1046
a FI(T)-7 b(ransformation)25 b(rules)374 1133 y Fh(OP)p
441 1133 15 4 v 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)700 1143 y
Fg(1)733 1133 y Fu(\))17 b(:)g Fm(D)861 1143 y Fa(2)915
1133 y Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(PR)p 1093 1133 V 18 w(SELECT)r
Fu(\()p Fh(PR)p 1379 1133 V 18 w(ASSEMBL)-5 b(Y)q Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1717 1143 y Fg(1)1749 1133 y Fu(\))17 b(:)h Fm(D)1878
1143 y Fa(3)1913 1133 y Fu(\))g(:)f Fm(D)2042 1143 y
Fa(4)374 1221 y Fh(OP)p 441 1221 V 18 w(PROJECT)q Fu(\()p
Fn(S)728 1231 y Fg(1)760 1221 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)889
1231 y Fa(2)943 1221 y Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(PR)p
1121 1221 V 18 w(PROJECT)q Fu(\()p Fh(PR)p 1434 1221
V 18 w(ASSEMBL)-5 b(Y)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1772 1231 y Fg(1)1804
1221 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)1933 1231 y Fa(3)1969 1221
y Fu(\))g(:)h Fm(D)2098 1231 y Fa(4)374 1308 y Fh(OP)p
441 1308 V 18 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)626 1318 y Fg(1)658
1308 y Fn(;)10 b(S)725 1318 y Fg(2)757 1308 y Fu(\))18
b(:)f Fm(D)886 1318 y Fa(3)940 1308 y Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(PR)p 1118 1308 V 18 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fh(PR)p 1329
1308 V 18 w(ASSEMBL)-5 b(Y)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1667 1318 y
Fg(1)1699 1308 y Fu(\))17 b(:)h Fm(D)1828 1318 y Fa(4)1863
1308 y Fn(;)11 b Fh(PR)p 1957 1308 V 18 w(ASSEMBL)-5
b(Y)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)2295 1318 y Fg(2)2327 1308 y Fu(\))17
b(:)h Fm(D)2456 1318 y Fa(5)2491 1308 y Fu(\))g(:)f Fm(D)2620
1318 y Fa(6)374 1395 y Fh(OP)p 441 1395 V 18 w(MA)-6
b(T)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)623 1405 y Fg(1)655 1395 y Fu(\))18
b(:)f Fm(D)784 1405 y Fa(2)837 1395 y Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))18
b Fh(PR)p 1016 1395 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q Fu(\()p Fh(PR)p
1224 1395 V 18 w(ASSEMBL)h(Y)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1562 1405
y Fg(1)1594 1395 y Fu(\))17 b(:)h Fm(D)1723 1405 y Fa(3)1758
1395 y Fu(\))g(:)f Fm(D)1887 1405 y Fa(4)374 1482 y Fh(OP)p
441 1482 V 18 w(UNNEST)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)714 1492 y Fg(1)746
1482 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)875 1492 y Fa(2)929 1482 y Fu(=)-11
b Ft(\))17 b Fh(PR)p 1107 1482 V 18 w(UNNEST)q Fu(\()p
Fh(PR)p 1407 1482 V 17 w(ASSEMBL)-5 b(Y)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1744
1492 y Fg(1)1776 1482 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)1905 1492
y Fa(3)1941 1482 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)2070 1492 y Fa(4)374
1569 y Fh(OP)p 441 1569 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)700
1579 y Fg(1)733 1569 y Fu(\))g(:)g Fm(D)861 1579 y Fa(2)915
1569 y Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(OP)p 1096 1569 V 18 w(SELECT)r
Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 1385 1569 V 17 w(SELECT)r Fu(\()p Fn(S)1644
1579 y Fg(1)1676 1569 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)1805 1579 y
Fa(3)1841 1569 y Fu(\))g(:)h Fm(D)1970 1579 y Fa(4)374
1656 y Fh(OP)p 441 1656 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p
652 1656 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)911 1666 y Fg(1)943
1656 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)1072 1666 y Fa(2)1108 1656
y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)1237 1666 y Fa(3)1290 1656 y Fu(=)-11
b Ft(\))18 b Fh(OP)p 1472 1656 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p
Fh(OP)p 1760 1656 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1942
1666 y Fg(1)1974 1656 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)2103 1666
y Fa(4)2139 1656 y Fu(\))g(:)h Fm(D)2268 1666 y Fa(5)374
1744 y Fh(OP)p 441 1744 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p
729 1744 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)911 1754 y Fg(1)943
1744 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)1072 1754 y Fa(2)1108 1744
y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)1237 1754 y Fa(3)1290 1744 y Fu(=)-11
b Ft(\))p Fu(!)17 b Fh(OP)p 1489 1744 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q
Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 1700 1744 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1959
1754 y Fg(1)1992 1744 y Fu(\))17 b(:)g Fm(D)2120 1754
y Fa(4)2156 1744 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)2285 1754 y Fa(5)374
1831 y Fh(OP)p 441 1831 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p
729 1831 V 18 w(UNNEST)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1002 1841 y Fg(1)1035
1831 y Fu(\))g(:)g Fm(D)1163 1841 y Fa(2)1199 1831 y
Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)1328 1841 y Fa(3)1382 1831 y Fu(=)-11
b Ft(\))17 b Fh(OP)p 1563 1831 V 18 w(UNNEST)p Fu(\()p
Fh(OP)p 1865 1831 V 18 w(SELECT)r Fu(\()p Fn(S)2125 1841
y Fg(1)2157 1831 y Fu(\))g(:)h Fm(D)2286 1841 y Fa(4)2321
1831 y Fu(\))g(:)f Fm(D)2450 1841 y Fa(5)374 1918 y Fh(OP)p
441 1918 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)623 1928 y Fg(1)655
1918 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)784 1928 y Fa(2)837 1918 y
Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(OP)p 1019 1918 V 18 w(JOIN)o
Fu(\()p Fn(S)1203 1928 y Fg(1)1236 1918 y Fn(;)10 b Fh(OP)p
1332 1918 V 18 w(GET)q Fu(\()p Fn(F)1507 1928 y Fg(3)1538
1918 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)1667 1928 y Fa(4)1703 1918
y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)1832 1928 y Fa(5)374 2005 y Fh(OP)p
441 2005 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 729 2005 V 18
w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)914 2015 y Fg(1)946 2005 y Fn(;)11
b(S)1014 2015 y Fg(2)1046 2005 y Fu(\))17 b(:)g Fm(D)1174
2015 y Fa(3)1210 2005 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)1339 2015 y
Fa(4)1393 2005 y Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))17 b Fh(OP)p 1574 2005
V 18 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1759 2015 y Fg(1)1791 2005
y Fn(;)10 b Fh(OP)p 1887 2005 V 18 w(SELECT)r Fu(\()p
Fn(S)2147 2015 y Fg(2)2179 2005 y Fu(\))17 b(:)h Fm(D)2308
2015 y Fa(5)2343 2005 y Fu(\))g(:)f Fm(D)2472 2015 y
Fa(6)374 2092 y Fh(OP)p 441 2092 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p
Fh(OP)p 729 2092 V 18 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)914 2102
y Fg(1)946 2092 y Fn(;)11 b(S)1014 2102 y Fg(2)1046 2092
y Fu(\))17 b(:)g Fm(D)1174 2102 y Fa(3)1210 2092 y Fu(\))h(:)f
Fm(D)1339 2102 y Fa(4)1393 2092 y Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(OP)p 1574 2092 V 18 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 1788
2092 V 17 w(SELECT)r Fu(\()p Fn(S)2047 2102 y Fg(1)2079
2092 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)2208 2102 y Fa(5)2244 2092 y
Fn(;)10 b(S)2311 2102 y Fg(2)2343 2092 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f
Fm(D)2472 2102 y Fa(6)374 2180 y Fh(OP)p 441 2180 V 18
w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)626 2190 y Fg(1)658 2180 y Fn(;)10
b Fh(OP)p 754 2180 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)936
2190 y Fg(2)968 2180 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)1097 2190
y Fa(3)1133 2180 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)1262 2190 y Fa(4)1315
2180 y Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(OP)p 1497 2180 V 17 w(MA)-6
b(T)r Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 1708 2180 V 17 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1892 2190 y Fg(1)1924 2180 y Fn(;)11 b(S)1992 2190
y Fg(2)2024 2180 y Fu(\))17 b(:)h Fm(D)2153 2190 y Fa(5)2188
2180 y Fu(\))g(:)f Fm(D)2317 2190 y Fa(6)374 2267 y Fh(OP)p
441 2267 V 18 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)626 2277 y Fg(1)658
2267 y Fn(;)10 b Fh(OP)p 754 2267 V 18 w(SELECT)r Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1014 2277 y Fg(2)1046 2267 y Fu(\))17 b(:)g Fm(D)1174
2277 y Fa(3)1210 2267 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)1339 2277 y
Fa(4)1393 2267 y Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))p Fu(!)17 b Fh(OP)p
1592 2267 V 17 w(SELECT)r Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 1880 2267 V
18 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)2065 2277 y Fg(1)2097 2267 y
Fn(;)10 b(S)2164 2277 y Fg(2)2196 2267 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f
Fm(D)2325 2277 y Fa(5)2361 2267 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)2490
2277 y Fa(6)374 2354 y Fh(OP)p 441 2354 V 18 w(MA)-6
b(T)q Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 652 2354 V 18 w(JOIN)o Fu(\()p
Fn(S)836 2364 y Fg(1)869 2354 y Fn(;)10 b(S)936 2364
y Fg(2)968 2354 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)1097 2364 y Fa(3)1133
2354 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)1262 2364 y Fa(4)1315 2354 y
Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))18 b Fh(OP)p 1497 2354 V 17 w(JOIN)p
Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 1710 2354 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1892 2364 y Fg(1)1924 2354 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)2053
2364 y Fa(5)2089 2354 y Fn(;)10 b(S)2156 2364 y Fg(2)2188
2354 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)2317 2364 y Fa(6)374 2441
y Fh(OP)p 441 2441 V 18 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)626 2451
y Fg(1)658 2441 y Fn(;)10 b(S)725 2451 y Fg(2)757 2441
y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)886 2451 y Fa(3)940 2441 y Fu(=)-11
b Ft(\))p Fu(!)17 b Fh(OP)p 1139 2441 V 17 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)1323 2451 y Fg(2)1355 2441 y Fn(;)11 b(S)1423 2451
y Fg(1)1455 2441 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)1584 2451 y Fa(4)374
2528 y Fh(OP)p 441 2528 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p
729 2528 V 18 w(SELECT)r Fu(\()p Fn(S)989 2538 y Fg(1)1021
2528 y Fu(\))g(:)h Fm(D)1150 2538 y Fa(2)1186 2528 y
Fu(\))f(:)g Fm(D)1314 2538 y Fa(3)1368 2528 y Fu(=)-11
b Ft(\))p Fu(!)17 b Fh(OP)p 1567 2528 V 18 w(SELECT)q
Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 1855 2528 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)2114
2538 y Fg(1)2147 2528 y Fu(\))g(:)g Fm(D)2275 2538 y
Fa(4)2311 2528 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)2440 2538 y Fa(5)374
2615 y Fh(OP)p 441 2615 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p
652 2615 V 18 w(MA)g(T)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)834 2625 y Fg(1)866
2615 y Fu(\))17 b(:)h Fm(D)995 2625 y Fa(2)1030 2615
y Fu(\))g(:)f Fm(D)1159 2625 y Fa(3)1213 2615 y Fu(=)-11
b Ft(\))p Fu(!)17 b Fh(OP)p 1412 2615 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q
Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 1623 2615 V 17 w(MA)g(T)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)1804
2625 y Fg(1)1837 2615 y Fu(\))17 b(:)g Fm(D)1965 2625
y Fa(4)2001 2615 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)2130 2625 y Fa(5)374
2703 y Fh(OP)p 441 2703 V 18 w(SELECT)q Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p
729 2703 V 18 w(SELECT)r Fu(\()p Fn(S)989 2713 y Fg(1)1021
2703 y Fu(\))g(:)h Fm(D)1150 2713 y Fa(2)1186 2703 y
Fu(\))f(:)g Fm(D)1314 2713 y Fa(3)1368 2703 y Fu(=)-11
b Ft(\))p Fu(!)17 b Fh(OP)p 1567 2703 V 18 w(SELECT)q
Fu(\()p Fn(S)1826 2713 y Fg(1)1858 2703 y Fu(\))h(:)f
Fm(D)1987 2713 y Fa(4)374 2790 y Fh(OP)p 441 2790 V 18
w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p 655 2790 V 17 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p
Fn(S)839 2800 y Fg(1)871 2790 y Fn(;)11 b(S)939 2800
y Fg(2)971 2790 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)1100 2800 y Fa(4)1136
2790 y Fn(;)10 b(S)1203 2800 y Fg(3)1235 2790 y Fu(\))18
b(:)f Fm(D)1364 2800 y Fa(5)1418 2790 y Fu(=)-11 b Ft(\))17
b Fh(OP)p 1599 2790 V 18 w(JOIN)p Fu(\()p Fn(S)1784 2800
y Fg(1)1816 2790 y Fn(;)10 b Fh(OP)p 1912 2790 V 18 w(JOIN)p
Fu(\()p Fn(S)2097 2800 y Fg(2)2129 2790 y Fn(;)g(S)2196
2800 y Fg(3)2228 2790 y Fu(\))18 b(:)f Fm(D)2357 2800
y Fa(6)2393 2790 y Fu(\))h(:)f Fm(D)2522 2800 y Fa(7)374
2877 y Fh(OP)p 441 2877 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q Fu(\()p Fh(OP)p
652 2877 V 18 w(MA)g(T)q Fu(\()p Fn(S)834 2887 y Fg(1)866
2877 y Fu(\))17 b(:)h Fm(D)995 2887 y Fa(2)1030 2877
y Fu(\))g(:)f Fm(D)1159 2887 y Fa(3)1213 2877 y Fu(=)-11
b Ft(\))17 b Fh(OP)p 1394 2877 V 18 w(MA)-6 b(T)q Fu(\()p
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2723 y(Generators)e(and)e(Rule-Based)h(Optimizers)p FP(,)f(pages)h
(139\261154,)g(Dallas,)f(September)h(1993.)300 2967 y([22])47
b(Dinesh)27 b(Das)e(and)i(Don)f(Batory)-6 b(.)47 b(Prairie:)37
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3136 y(mizers.)34 b(T)-6 b(echnical)25 b(Report)f(TR)e(94\26116,)i(The)
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FP(,)j(pages)497 3719 y(201\261210,)c(T)-6 b(aipei,)23
b(March)h(1995.)300 3963 y([24])47 b(Leonidas)29 b(Fegaras,)h(David)e
(Maier)l(,)h(and)g(T)m(im)d(Sheard.)56 b(Specifying)30
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31 b(Confer)m(ence)d(on)497 4302 y(Deductive)21 b(and)e
(Object-Oriented)k(Databases)p FP(,)e(pages)g(146\261168,)h(Phoenix,)f
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b(In)25 b FD(Pr)m(oceedings)497 4715 y(1987)i(ACM)e(SIGMOD)g
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FP(,)h(pages)g(173\261)497 4884 y(180,)d(San)f(Francisco,)i(May)e
(1987.)1884 5349 y(1)m(15)p eop
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116 127 bop 300 391 a FP([26])47 b(E.)42 b(Gamma,)48
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b FD(Design)45 b(Patterns:)74 b(Micr)m(o-)497 561 y(Ar)m(chitectur)m
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805 y([27])47 b(D.)20 b(Garlan)j(and)f(M.)f(Shaw)-6 b(.)29
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b(Graefe.)28 b(Query)21 b(evaluation)j(techniques)f(for)e(lar)n(ge)h
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2214 y([30])47 b(Goetz)18 b(Graefe)g(and)g(David)g(J.)f(DeW)l(itt.)22
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b FD(Pr)m(oceedings)497 2384 y(1987)27 b(ACM)e(SIGMOD)g(International)
30 b(Confer)m(ence)e(on)f(Management)h(of)e(Data)p FP(,)h(pages)g
(387\261)497 2553 y(394,)d(San)f(Francisco,)i(May)e(1987.)300
2797 y([31])47 b(Goetz)23 b(Graefe)g(and)g(W)l(illiam)g(McKenna.)32
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b(Extensibility)497 2967 y(and)25 b(ef)n(\256cient)g(search.)39
b(In)24 b FD(Pr)m(oceedings)i(9th)f(International)j(Confer)m(ence)f(on)
d(Data)g(Engineer)n(-)497 3136 y(ing)p FP(,)g(pages)g(209\261218,)i(V)
-5 b(ienna,)23 b(April)h(1993.)300 3380 y([32])47 b(Jim)25
b(Gray)-6 b(.)44 b FD(The)25 b(Benchmark)i(Handbook)g(for)f(Database)i
(and)e(T)-5 b(ransaction)28 b(Pr)m(ocessing)g(Sys-)497
3549 y(tems)p FP(.)33 b(Mor)n(gan)25 b(Kaufman,)f(San)f(Mateo,)g
(second)j(edition,)f(1993.)300 3794 y([33])47 b(L.)14
b(M.)h(Haas,)j(J.)d(C.)g(Freytag,)j(G.)c(M.)h(Lohman,)j(and)e(H.)f
(Pirahesh.)21 b(Extensible)d(query)f(processing)497 3963
y(in)30 b(Starburst.)65 b(Research)31 b(Report)g(RJ)e(6610,)j(IBM)c
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y(1988.)300 4376 y([34])47 b(Matthias)21 b(Jarke)g(and)g(J)1239
4375 y(\310)1231 4376 y(ur)n(gen)h(Koch.)27 b(Query)21
b(optimization)h(in)e(database)j(systems.)28 b FD(ACM)18
b(Com-)497 4546 y(puting)25 b(Surveys)p FP(,)g(16\(2\):1)m(1)m
(1\261152,)i(June)e(1984.)300 4790 y([35])47 b(W)-7 b(on)19
b(Kim,)g(David)g(S.)f(Reiner)l(,)j(and)f(Don)f(S.)f(Batory)-6
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4959 y(Systems)p FP(.)34 b(Springer)n(-V)-10 b(erlag,)26
b(1985.)1884 5349 y(1)m(16)p eop
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117 128 bop 300 391 a FP([36])47 b(Guy)25 b(M.)f(Lohman.)42
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730 y(agement)g(of)e(Data)p FP(,)g(pages)i(18\26127,)g(Chicago,)f(June)
h(1988.)300 959 y([37])47 b(Guy)26 b(M.)e(Lohman,)j(C.)e(Mohan,)i
(Laura)f(M.)f(Haas,)h(Bruce)g(G.)f(Lindsay)-6 b(,)27
b(Patricia)g(G.)e(Selinger)l(,)497 1128 y(Paul)d(F)-7
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b(processing)i(in)d(R)2561 1095 y FB(\003)2600 1128 y
FP(.)31 b(Research)24 b(Report)f(RJ)e(4272,)497 1297
y(IBM)h(Research)j(Laboratory)-6 b(,)26 b(San)d(Jose,)h(April)f(1984.)
300 1526 y([38])47 b(W)l(illiam)23 b(McKenna.)31 b FD(Ef\256cient)23
b(Sear)m(ch)h(in)e(Extensible)i(Database)f(Query)g(Optimization:)33
b(The)497 1696 y(Volcano)25 b(Optimizer)f(Generator)p
FP(.)35 b(PhD)23 b(thesis,)h(University)i(of)d(Colorado)i(at)f(Boulder)
l(,)g(1993.)300 1924 y([39])47 b(Gail)16 b(Mitchell,)j(Umeshwar)d
(Dayal,)i(and)f(Stanley)h(B.)c(Zdonik.)21 b(Control)d(of)e(an)h
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b(approach.)29 b(In)20 b FD(Pr)m(oceedings)i(19th)e(International)k
(Confer)m(ence)497 2263 y(on)g(V)-10 b(ery)23 b(Lar)m(ge)g(Data)h
(Bases)p FP(,)f(pages)i(517\261528,)h(Dublin,)e(August)g(1993.)300
2492 y([40])47 b(Gail)17 b(Mitchell,)i(Stanley)g(B.)c(Zdonik,)20
b(and)d(Umeshwar)h(Dayal.)k(An)16 b(architecture)21 b(for)c(query)i
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b(In)20 b FD(Pr)m(oceedings)j(of)d(the)g(Hawaii)h(International)j
(Confer)n(-)497 2830 y(ence)g(on)g(System)g(Sciences)p
FP(,)h(volume)g(II,)e(pages)i(787\261798,)g(January)h(1992.)300
3059 y([41])47 b(Patrick)34 b(O'Neil.)81 b FD(Database:)52
b(Principles,)38 b(Pr)m(ogramming,)e(and)e(Performance)p
FP(.)83 b(Mor)n(gan)497 3228 y(Kaufmann,)24 b(San)f(Mateo,)h(1994.)300
3457 y([42])47 b(W)-8 b(.)18 b(B.)g(Rubenstein,)k(M.)d(S.)f(Kubicar)l
(,)j(and)f(R.)e(G.)g(G.)g(Cattell.)27 b(Benchmarking)22
b(simple)e(database)497 3626 y(operations.)57 b(In)28
b FD(Pr)m(oceedings)i(1987)f(ACM)c(SIGMOD)i(International)32
b(Confer)m(ence)d(on)f(Man-)497 3796 y(agement)d(of)e(Data)p
FP(,)g(pages)i(387\261394,)h(San)d(Francisco,)i(May)e(1987.)300
4024 y([43])47 b(P)-10 b(.)19 b(Schwarz,)i(W)-8 b(.)20
b(Chang,)h(J.)f(C.)g(Freytag,)i(G.)d(Lohman,)i(J.)g(McPherson,)h(C.)d
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b(in)e(the)f(Starburst)i(database)h(system.)48 b(In)26
b FD(Pr)m(oceedings)j(International)497 4363 y(W)-8 b(orkshop)26
b(on)f(Object-Oriented)j(Database)f(Systems)p FP(,)f(pages)g(85\26192,)
g(Asilomar)l(,)g(September)497 4533 y(1986.)300 4761
y([44])47 b(Edward)25 b(Sciore)h(and)f(John)i(Sieg,)e(Jr)-5
b(.)41 b(A)24 b(modular)j(query)f(optimizer)h(generator)-5
b(.)44 b(In)25 b FD(Pr)m(oceed-)497 4931 y(ings)20 b(6th)g
(International)k(Confer)m(ence)e(on)d(Data)h(Engineering)p
FP(,)j(pages)e(146\261153,)h(Los)d(Angeles,)497 5100
y(February)25 b(1990.)1884 5349 y(1)m(17)p eop
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118 129 bop 300 391 a FP([45])47 b(P)-10 b(.)24 b(G.)h(Selinger)i(and)f
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b(In)17 b(Deen)g(and)g(Hammersly)-6 b(,)19 b(editors,)h
FD(Pr)m(oceedings)f(International)i(Confer)m(ence)497
730 y(on)j(Databases)p FP(,)h(pages)g(204\261215,)g(University)h(of)d
(Aberdeen,)i(July)f(1980.)300 974 y([46])47 b(P)-10 b(.)17
b(G.)g(Selinger)l(,)k(M.)c(M.)g(Astrahan,)k(D.)c(D.)g(Chamberlin,)k(R.)
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1144 y(path)c(selection)j(in)c(a)h(relational)i(database)g(management)f
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1313 y(SIGMOD)30 b(International)36 b(Confer)m(ence)d(on)f(Management)h
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y(May)23 b(1979.)300 1726 y([47])47 b(Michael)27 b(Stonebraker)l(,)i
(Paul)d(M.)f(Aoki,)h(Robert)h(Devine,)g(W)l(itold)g(Litwin,)f(and)h
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(ence)g(on)f(Data)f(Engineering)p FP(,)j(pages)f(54\26165,)g(Houston,)f
(February)h(1994.)300 2309 y([48])47 b(Michael)23 b(Stonebraker)l(,)i
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b(The)22 b(design)497 2478 y(of)27 b(XPRS.)47 b(In)27
b FD(Pr)m(oceedings)i(14th)f(International)j(Confer)m(ence)e(on)e(V)-10
b(ery)26 b(Lar)m(ge)h(Data)g(Bases)p FP(,)497 2648 y(pages)e
(318\261330,)g(Los)e(Angeles,)i(1988.)300 2892 y([49])47
b(Michael)22 b(Stonebraker)i(and)e(Lawrence)f(A.)f(Rowe.)29
b(The)20 b(design)j(of)e(Postgres.)31 b(In)21 b FD(Pr)m(oceedings)497
3061 y(1986)27 b(ACM)e(SIGMOD)g(International)30 b(Confer)m(ence)e(on)f
(Management)h(of)e(Data)p FP(,)h(pages)g(340\261)497
3231 y(355,)d(W)-7 b(ashington,)25 b(May)f(1986.)300
3475 y([50])47 b(David)27 b(L.)d(W)-7 b(ells,)27 b(Jos)1222
3474 y(\302)1217 3475 y(e)g(A.)e(Blakeley)-6 b(,)28 b(and)e(Craig)h(W)
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3644 y(object-oriented)k(database)e(management)f(system.)44
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3813 y(ber)24 b(1992.)300 4058 y([51])47 b(C.)25 b(T)-7
b(.)26 b(Y)-10 b(u)26 b(and)h(C.)f(C.)f(Chang.)51 b(Distributed)29
b(query)f(processing.)53 b FD(ACM)25 b(Computing)k(Surveys)p
FP(,)497 4227 y(16\(4\):399\261433,)f(December)c(1984.)1884
5349 y(1)m(18)p eop
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119 130 bop 3229 1180 a FM(V)-8 b(ita)300 1681 y FP(Dinesh)25
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2020 y(dian)e(Institute)h(of)e(T)-6 b(echnology)g(,)24
b(Kharagpur)l(,)g(where)d(he)h(received)h(the)f(degree)h(of)e(Bachelor)
i(of)e(T)-6 b(ech-)295 2190 y(nology)20 b(in)f(Computer)h(Science)g
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b(In)19 b(September)h(1988,)300 2359 y(he)26 b(entered)i(the)e
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2528 y(gree)e(of)f(Master)h(of)f(Science)h(in)g(Computer)g(Sciences)g
(from)g(The)f(University)i(of)e(T)-6 b(exas)23 b(at)h(Austin)g(in)300
2698 y(December)g(1990.)300 3339 y(Permanent)h(Address:)32
b(P)-10 b(.O.)21 b(Box)j(8734)1065 3509 y(Austin,)g(TX)e(78713)300
3960 y(This)h(dissertation)k(was)c(typeset)j(with)d(L)1578
3945 y FF(A)1613 3960 y FP(T)1654 3981 y(E)1697 3960
y(X)14 b(2)1822 3974 y FH(")1868 3927 y Fv(1)1930 3960
y FP(by)24 b(the)g(author)-5 b(.)p 300 4832 1320 4 v
400 4886 a Fu(1)434 4917 y Fy(L)453 4901 y Fh(A)478 4917
y Fy(T)512 4934 y(E)548 4917 y(X)11 b(2)650 4925 y Fq(")706
4917 y Fy(is)17 b(an)g(extension)h(of)f(L)1261 4901 y
Fh(A)1286 4917 y Fy(T)1320 4934 y(E)1355 4917 y(X.)24
b(L)1471 4901 y Fh(A)1496 4917 y Fy(T)1530 4934 y(E)1565
4917 y(X)16 b(is)h(a)f(collection)i(of)f(macros)g(for)g(T)2512
4934 y(E)2547 4917 y(X.)24 b(T)2678 4934 y(E)2713 4917
y(X)17 b(is)f(a)h(trademark)h(of)f(the)f(Amer)o(-)300
5009 y(ican)22 b(Mathematical)h(Society)-5 b(.)35 b(The)22
b(macros)g(used)h(in)f(formatting)g(this)g(dissertation)h(were)f
(written)f(by)i(Dinesh)f(Das,)h(De-)300 5100 y(partment)c(of)g
(Computer)h(Sciences,)f(The)f(University)i(of)f(T)-5
b(exas)18 b(at)h(Austin.)1884 5349 y FP(1)m(19)p eop
%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF