path: root/macros/latex/contrib/concmath/concmath.dtx

% \CheckSum{115}
% \iffalse
%
% concmath.dtx --- LaTeX package for Concrete Math fonts.
%
% Copyright (C) 1995--99 Ulrik Vieth
%
% This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
% modify it under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License
% as described in lppl.txt in the base LaTeX distribution; either
% version 1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
%
% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
%
% \fi
%
% \iffalse
%<*driver>
\documentclass[fleqn]{ltxdoc}
\usepackage[amssymb]{concmath}
\usepackage{mflogo}
\renewcommand\baselinestretch{1.1}
\begin{document}
  \DocInput{concmath.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
% \fi
%
%
% \title{The \texttt{concmath} package}
% \author{Ulrik Vieth}
% \date{1999-03-10 v2.0}
%
% \maketitle
%
% \section{About this package}
%
%    The \texttt{concmath} package for \LaTeXe{} provides access to
%    the Concrete Math fonts that were derived from the Concrete Roman
%    fonts designed by Don Knuth \cite{DEK:Concrete,DEK:TUB-Concrete}.
%    While the Concrete Roman fonts were originally developed as a
%    text fonts to be used in combination with the AMS Euler fonts in
%    math mode, the Concrete Math fonts provides a complementary set
%    of math fonts, so that the Concrete typefaces may be used as a
%    complete replacement for Computer Modern \cite{DEK:VolumeE}.
%
%    Loading the \texttt{concmath} package without any options has the
%    effect of switching the default text font family to Concrete
%    Roman and redeclaring the default math symbol fonts and math
%    alphabets to use Concrete Math.  In addition, the
%    \texttt{concmath} package also provides the following package
%    options that may be used to activate some extra features:
%
%    \textbf{The `\textsf{exscale}' option:} This option provides
%    the functionality of the `\textsf{exscale}' package from the
%    \LaTeX{} base distribution, but using scaled sizes of the
%    Concrete version of the math extension font instead of Computer
%    Modern.
%
%    \textbf{The `\textsf{amsfonts}' and `\textsf{amssymb}' options:}
%    These options provide the functionality of the standard
%    `\textsf{amsfonts}' and `\textsf{amssymb}' packages, but using
%    the Concrete versions of the AMS symbol fonts and math alphabets.
%
%    \textbf{The `\textsf{sansbold}' option:} This option redefines
%    the default bold series to use semibold condensed, thereby
%    replacing the bold extended version of Computer Modern Roman by
%    the semibold condensed version of Computer Modern Sans Serif in
%    bold material such as titles and section headings.  Since there
%    are different opinions among package writers as to which of these
%    choices is better suited for use in combination with Concrete
%    Roman, both have been used in various \LaTeX{} packages
%    \cite{latex-beton, latex-euler, latex-ccfonts} and both are
%    supported in this package as well.
%
%    Before we eventually get to the implementation of the
%    \texttt{concmath} package and the corresponding font definition
%    files, we shall first review the history of the Concrete Roman
%    and Concrete Math font families.  In particular, we shall discuss
%    the procedure how the Concrete Math fonts were derived from the
%    Concrete Roman fonts by applying systematic changes to the \MF{}
%    parameter files.
%
%
% \section{History of the `Concrete Roman' fonts}
%
%    When Don Knuth and his co-authors wrote \textit{Concrete
%    Mathematics} \cite{DEK:Concrete,DEK:TUB-Concrete}, they decided
%    to make their book typographically interesting by making it the
%    first one to use a new family of typefaces.  The book was to be
%    set using the AMS Euler fonts designed by Hermann Zapf, replacing
%    the usual Computer Modern fonts in math mode.  As for the text
%    font, the original intention was to use Computer Modern Roman as
%    usual.  However, the combination of Computer Modern in text mode
%    and Euler in math mode soon turned out to be unsatisfactory, and
%    Don Knuth eventually set out to develop a heavier variant of
%    Computer Modern Roman that was better suited to match the
%    somewhat darker color of the Euler fonts.
%
%    The result was a square-serif style typeface named Concrete
%    Roman, along with \textit{italics}, \textsl{slanted}, and
%    \textsc{small-caps} variants for emphasis and various mark-up
%    elements.  Unlike Computer Modern Roman, Concrete Roman features
%    a relatively uniform stroke thickness and does not exhibit strong
%    contrasts between hairlines and stems, making it particularly
%    robust for use in low-resolution printing, but also in
%    display-oriented applications such as transparencies or posters.
%
%    The original distribution of Knuth's Concrete fonts consisted
%    exclusively of text fonts.  There was no bold series, nor were
%    there any math fonts, since the latter were to be taken from the
%    Euler fonts (or Computer Modern for the geometric math symbols).
%    While there does exists a Concrete Math Italics font shape,
%    \texttt{ccmi10}, this does not actually represent a math font and
%    was not designed to be used as such.  It only serves as an extra
%    text font that provides access to the oldstyle numerals
%    \oldstylenums{0123456789} and miscellaneous text symbols, such as
%    the tie accent.  However, given the meta-ness inherent in the
%    designs of the Computer Modern typefaces \cite{DEK:VolumeE}, it
%    is relatively easy to develop a complete set of Concrete math
%    fonts by applying some simple heuristics, as we shall see in the
%    following section.
%   
%
% \section{Design of the `Concrete Math' fonts}
%
%    The Concrete Math fonts (also known as `\texttt{concmath}' fonts)
%    were developed by the author in early 1995, originally for use in
%    a poster presentation.  When the use of magnified sizes of
%    Computer Modern math fonts printed at low resolution turned out
%    to be unsatisfactory for comfortable reading in poster sizes, the
%    need for a somewhat darker alternative became apparent.  Since
%    the only existing alternative would have been to use the AMS
%    Euler fonts in math mode, which were deemed a little too exotic
%    for the intended application, the author set out to investigate
%    the possibilities of generating a complete set of Concrete Math
%    fonts by applying systematic changes to the \MF{} parameter
%    files.
%
%    An initial comparison of the existing parameter files for
%    \texttt{ccr10} and \texttt{ccmi10} revealed that they were almost
%    identical except for the font identifier, the slant parameter,
%    several boolean variables, and the call to the \MF{} driver file.
%    Unlike in the case of \texttt{cmr10} and \texttt{cmmi10}, there
%    were no differences in the design parameters governing the
%    appearance of the character shapes, so it became almost trivial
%    to generate a full set of Concrete Math Italics fonts in the
%    usual range of sizes between 5\,pt and 10\,pt by starting from
%    the \texttt{ccr} parameter files and applying the necessary
%    systematic changes listed in Table~\ref{tab:cc-parameters} to
%    produce a math font.
%
% \begin{table}[tb]
%   \small
%   \begin{tabular}{lllllll}
%   font encoding:
%   & OT1              & OML              & OMS              & OMX
%   & U+msa            & U+msb            \\
%   font name:
%   & \texttt{ccr10}   & \texttt{xccmi10} & \texttt{xccsy10} & \texttt{xccex10}
%   & \texttt{xccam10} & \texttt{xccbm10} \\
%   font identifier:
%   & \texttt{"CCR"}   & \texttt{"CCMI"}  & \texttt{"CCSY"}  & \texttt{"CCEX"}
%   & \texttt{"CCAM"}  & \texttt{"CCBM"}  \\
%   parameters: 
%   & ---              & \texttt{ccr10}   & \texttt{ccr10}   & \texttt{ccr10}  
%   & \texttt{ccr10}   & \texttt{ccr10}   \\
%   fontdimens: 
%   & ---              & ---              & \texttt{cmsy10}  & \texttt{cmex10}
%   & \texttt{cmsy10}  & \texttt{cmsy10}  \\
%   \textit{slant}:    & 0 & 0.25 & 0.25 & 0 & 0 & 0.25 \\
%   \textit{variant\_g}:
%   & \textbf{false}   & \textbf{true}    & irrelevant       & irrelevant        
%   & irrelevant       & irrelevant       \\
%   \textit{math\_fitting}:
%   & \textbf{false}   & \textbf{true}    & \textbf{true}    & \textbf{false}    
%   & \textbf{true}    & \textbf{true}    \\
%   \textbf{generate}:
%   & \texttt{roman}   & \texttt{mathit}  & \texttt{mathsy}  & \texttt{mathex}
%   & \texttt{amsya}   & \texttt{amsyb}   \\
%   \end{tabular}
%   \bigskip
%   \caption{\label{tab:cc-parameters}
%    Comparison of the parameters for the Concrete Math typefaces.}
% \end{table}
%
%    The resulting font shapes were called \texttt{xccmi} where the
%    prefix `\texttt{x}' was used to avoid any potential name
%    conflicts with font shapes from Don Knuth's distribution of the
%    Concrete fonts, particularly in the case of \texttt{ccmi10},
%    which despite its name is not a real math font, as discussed
%    earlier.
%
%    After the Concrete Math Italics fonts were in place, the next
%    step was to create suitable math symbol and math extension fonts.
%    Once again, the author started with a comparison of the parameter
%    files of the corresponding Computer Modern fonts, which revealed
%    that \texttt{cmmi} and \texttt{cmsy} were identical except for
%    the font identifier, the driver file, and the extra |\fontdimen|
%    parameters in \texttt{cmsy} that are required for use as a math
%    symbol font in |\textfont2|.  Similarly, the parameters of
%    \texttt{cmex} matched those of \texttt{cmr} except for the font
%    identifier, the driver file, and the |\fontdimen|s in
%    \texttt{cmex} for a math extension font in |\textfont3|.
%
%    In both cases, the corresponding Concrete versions, named
%    \texttt{xccsy} and \texttt{xccex}, could be derived easily by
%    starting from \texttt{xccmi}, applying some systematic changes,
%    and merging in the code for the |\fontdimen| parameters from
%    \texttt{cmsy} or~\texttt{cmex}.  Since the details of these
%    parameter calculations weren't documented anywhere, not even in
%    Knuth's \textit{Computer Modern Typefaces} \cite{DEK:VolumeE},
%    the author unfortunately had to rely on adapting whatever was
%    there and hoping that it would somehow work for Concrete Math
%    just as well.
%
%    Finally, to round off the collection, the author also generated
%    Concrete versions of the AMS math symbol fonts \texttt{msam} and
%    \texttt{msbm}, which were called \texttt{xccam} and
%    \texttt{xccbm}.  As in the previous cases, the \MF{} parameter
%    files of the fonts in question were compared to those of the
%    Computer Modern math fonts, and it was found that both AMS symbol
%    fonts were based on the \texttt{cmsy} parameters.  The
%    corresponding Concrete versions were then generated by starting
%    from \texttt{xccsy} and applying the usual systematic changes.
%    In the case of \texttt{xccam}, which also contains some text
%    symbols `$\circledR$' and `$\circledS$' based on small-caps
%    parameters, the ``lower'' parameters were taken from
%    \texttt{cccsc10} in the 10\,pt version, but from \texttt{msam} 
%    in the smaller sizes for lack of any other alternatives.  While
%    this may not give optimal results for the circled letters, it
%    shouldn't have any adverse effect on the math symbols.
%    
%
% \StopEventually {
% \section*{Acknowledgement}
%
%    Many features implemented in this package have been influenced by
%    several other \LaTeX{} packages \cite{latex-beton, latex-euler,
%    latex-ccfonts} that provide a more or less similar functionality.
%    The author has tried to remain compatible with these packages
%    wherever possible, although some design decisions have been taken
%    that may lead to subtle differences.  Potential users are invited
%    to analyze and compare these packages, and to choose whatever
%    suits them best.  We hope that even if you found that another
%    package provides a better solution for your needs, you may have
%    still learned something interesting about the background of the
%    Concrete Roman and Concrete Math fonts from reading this
%    documentation.
%
% \begin{thebibliography}{1}
%    \bibitem{DEK:Concrete}
%       \textsc{Ronald L. Graham}, \textsc{Donald E. Knuth}, and
%       \textsc{Oren Patashnik}.
%       \newblock \textit{Concrete Mathematics}.
%       \newblock Addison-Wesley, 1989. 
%    \bibitem{DEK:TUB-Concrete}
%       \textsc{Donald E. Knuth}.
%       \newblock \textit{Typesetting Concrete Mathematics}.
%       \newblock \textsl{TUGboat} 10\#1, 31--36, 1989.
%    \bibitem{DEK:VolumeE}
%       \textsc{Donald E. Knuth}.
%       \newblock \textit{Computer Mordern Typefaces}.
%       \newblock Volume~E of \textit{Computers \& Typesetting}.
%       \newblock Addison-Wesley, 1986.
%    \bibitem{latex-beton}
%       \textsc{Frank Jensen}.
%       \newblock The \texttt{beton} package.\\
%       \newblock \texttt{CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/supported/beton/}.
%    \bibitem{latex-euler}
%       \textsc{Frank Jensen}.
%       \newblock The \texttt{euler} package.\\
%       \newblock \texttt{CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/supported/euler/}.
%    \bibitem{latex-ccfonts}
%       \textsc{Walter Schmidt}.
%       \newblock The \texttt{ccfonts} package.\\
%       \newblock \texttt{CTAN:macros/latex/contrib/supported/ccfonts/}.
% \end{thebibliography}
% }
%
%
% \section{The implementation}
%
%    After having reviewed the history of the Concrete Roman and
%    Concrete Math fonts, we now turn to the implementation of the
%    \texttt{concmath} \LaTeX{} package and the corresponding font
%    definition files.
%
% 
% \subsection{Hello, World!}
%
%    First, we announce the package and the font definition files.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<package>\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1996/12/01]
%<package>\ProvidesPackage{concmath}
%<OT1ccr>\ProvidesFile{ot1ccr.fd}
%<OMLccr>\ProvidesFile{omlccr.fd}
%<OMSccr>\ProvidesFile{omsccr.fd}
%<OMLccm>\ProvidesFile{omlccm.fd}
%<OMSccsy>\ProvidesFile{omsccsy.fd}
%<OMXccex>\ProvidesFile{omxccex.fd}
%<Ucca>\ProvidesFile{ucca.fd}
%<Uccb>\ProvidesFile{uccb.fd}
%<+package>[1999/03/10 v2.0b LaTeX package for Concrete math fonts]
%<-package>[1999/03/10 v2.0b LaTeX font defs for Concrete math fonts]
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{Font definition files}
%
% \subsubsection{Concrete Roman}
%
%    Here are the standard font definitions for Concrete Roman,
%    including the \textit{italics}, \textsl{slanted}, and
%    \textsc{small-caps} variants, which are usually only available
%    in~10\,pt size.  While it would be a trivial exercise to create a
%    full set of slanted fonts by taking the \texttt{ccr} parameter
%    files and setting the slant parameter to~$1/6$ in the
%    \texttt{ccsl} parameter files, we shall only use the sizes
%    provided in Knuth's official distribution.  As for the italics
%    and small-caps versions, there is no way to generate appropriate
%    smaller sizes without extensive tuning and testing to derive new
%    parameter sets.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*OT1ccr>
\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{ccr}{\hyphenchar\font45 }
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{m}{n}{
  <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> gen * ccr
  <10> <10.95> <12> <14.4> <17.28> <20.74> <24.88> ccr10}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{m}{sl}{
  <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> ccsl9
  <10> <10.95> <12> <14.4> <17.28> <20.74> <24.88> ccsl10}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{m}{it}{
  <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> 
  <10> <10.95> <12> <14.4> <17.28> <20.74> <24.88> ccti10}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{m}{sc}{
  <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> 
  <10> <10.95> <12> <14.4> <17.28> <20.74> <24.88> cccsc10}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Next, here are the font substitutions for the bold series.  Since
%    there is no bold series in Concrete, we will use the
%    corresponding Computer Modern fonts.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{bx}{n} {<-> ssub * cmr/bx/n}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{bx}{sl}{<-> ssub * cmr/bx/sl}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{bx}{it}{<-> ssub * cmr/bx/it}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Next, here are the font substitutions for the semibold series.
%    As we shall see below, the \texttt{concmath} package provides a
%    `\textsf{boldsans}' option which redefines |\bfdefault| and thus
%    turns all bold material into semibold condensed (which will then
%    be substituted by semibold condensed sans serif).  Since some
%    people prefer to use semibold condensed Computer Modern Sans
%    Serif in combination with Concrete Roman, this unusual
%    substitution allows to switch between both choices by selecting
%    or omitting a package option.
%     
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{sbc}{n} {<-> ssub * cmss/sbc/n}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{sbc}{sl}{<-> ssub * cmss/sbc/n}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{sbc}{it}{<-> ssub * cmss/sbc/n}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Finally, here is the font shape declaration for the special
%    purpose condensed slanted font that was used in \textit{Concrete
%    Mathematics} for so-called `graffiti'.  The \texttt{concmath}
%    package does not bother to provide macros for such kinds of
%    marginal notes, thus users who want to use this feature will have
%    to develop their own.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{ccr}{c}{sl}{<9> ccslc9}{}
%</OT1ccr>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsubsection{Concrete Roman Font Substitutions}
%
%    For technical reasons it necessary to provide font substitutions
%    for Concrete Roman text symbols in the `OML' and `OMS' encodings.
%    Any references to \texttt{ccr} in these encodings will be
%    substituted by references to the corresponding Concrete math
%    italics and math symbol fonts.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*OMLccr>
\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{ccr}{\skewchar\font127 }
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ccr}{m}{it}  {<->ssub * ccm/m/it}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ccr}{bx}{it} {<->ssub * ccm/b/it}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ccr}{sbc}{it}{<->ssub * ccm/m/it}{}
%</OMLccr>
%    \end{macrocode}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*OMSccr>
\DeclareFontFamily{OMS}{ccr}{\skewchar\font48 }
\DeclareFontShape{OMS}{ccr}{m}{n}  {<->ssub * ccsy/m/n}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OMS}{ccr}{bx}{n} {<->ssub * ccsy/b/n}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OMS}{ccr}{sbc}{n}{<->ssub * ccsy/m/n}{}
%</OMSccr>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsubsection{Concrete Math Italics}
%
%    Now, we turn to the font definitions for Concrete Math Italics.
%    Since the \texttt{xccmi} parameters were derived from
%    \texttt{ccr} with some systematic changes, these fonts are
%    available in the same range of sizes, i.e.\ between 5\,pt and
%    10\,pt.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*OMLccm>
\DeclareFontFamily{OML}{ccm}{\skewchar\font127 }
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ccm}{m}{it}{
  <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> gen * xccmi
  <10> <10.95> <12> <14.4> <17.28> <20.74> <24.88> xccmi10}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ccm}{b}{it}{<-> ssub * cmm/b/it}{}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Similar to the 9\,pt slanted condensed text font for use in
%    `graffiti', there also exists a 9\,pt slanted condensed version
%    of Concrete Math Italics, stripped down to the oldstyle numerals
%    only.  This font shape is included here only for completeness,
%    and users should be aware that it won't be usable as a math font.
%   
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareFontShape{OML}{ccm}{c}{it}{<9> ccmic9}{}
%</OMLccm>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsubsection{Concrete Math Symbols}
%
%    Here are the font definitions for the Concrete Math Symbol fonts.
%    Since the \texttt{xccsy} parameters are identical to those of
%    \texttt{xccmi} except for the extra |\fontdimen| parameters
%    (which were adapted from \texttt{cmsy}), these fonts are
%    available in the same range of sizes as Concrete Roman and
%    Concrete Math Italics.
%
%    Most of the geometric math symbols that depend only on the rule
%    thickness will probably turn out to be identical to their
%    Computer Modern counterparts.  However, since the `OMS' encoding
%    also contains a few greek-like symbols such as `$\nabla$' and
%    `$\amalg$' that are clearly affected by the parameter changes, a
%    Concrete version of the math symbol font is obviously necessary.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*OMSccsy>
\DeclareFontFamily{OMS}{ccsy}{\skewchar\font48 }
\DeclareFontShape{OMS}{ccsy}{m}{n}{
  <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> gen * xccsy
  <10> <10.95> <12> <14.4> <17.28> <20.74> <24.88> xccsy10}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OMS}{ccsy}{b}{n}{<-> ssub * cmsy/b/n}{}
%</OMSccsy>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsubsection{Concrete Math Extension}
%
%    Here are the font definitions for the Concrete Math Extension
%    fonts.  Since the \texttt{xccex} parameters are identical to
%    those of \texttt{ccr} except for the extra |\fontdimen|
%    parameters (which are adapted from \texttt{cmex}), these fonts
%    are available in the same range of sizes as Computer Modern Math
%    Extension, i.e.\ between 7\,pt and 10\,pt.  By default, the math
%    extension font is loaded only in a fixed size at 10\,pt.
%    However, the \texttt{concmath} package also provides an
%    `\textsf{exscale}' option to load the math extension font in
%    scaled sizes.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*OMXccex>
\DeclareFontFamily{OMX}{ccex}{}
\DeclareFontShape{OMX}{ccex}{m}{n}{<-> sfixed * xccex10}{}
%</OMXccex>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsubsection{Concrete AMS Symbols}
%
%    Finally, here are the font definitions for the Concrete versions
%    of the AMS symbol fonts, \texttt{msam} and \texttt{msbm}.  Since
%    the parameters of \texttt{xccam} and \texttt{xccbm} are directly
%    derived from \texttt{xccsy}, these fonts are provided in the full
%    range of sizes between 5\,pt and 10\,pt.
%
%    As in the case of the Concrete Math Symbol font, most of the
%    geometric math symbols will probably remain unchanged from the
%    Computer Modern version, but letter-like symbols such as
%    `$\yen$', `$\mho$', `$\eth$' or `$\backepsilon$' will obviously
%    be subject to the parameter changes in the Concrete version,
%    making it necessary to have Concrete versions of the AMS symbol
%    fonts in the first place.
%
%    Unfortunately, it appears that some of the characters in the AMS
%    symbol fonts do not work out very well in the Concrete version or
%    suffer from undesirable side-effects.  One such problem is that
%    wide accents are getting much heavier than usual:
%    $$ \tilde{i} \quad \widetilde{ii} \quad \widetilde{iii} 
%       \quad \widetilde{iiii} \quad \widetilde{iiiiii} 
%       \quad \widetilde{iiiiiiii}
%    $$
%    Another problem is that some characters, such as `$\varkappa$' or
%    `$\digamma$', do not reflect the parameter changes for a Concrete
%    version and still exhibit noticeable contrasts between stems and
%    hairlines typical of Computer Modern fonts.  It is possible that
%    this behavior may be due to sub-optimal or inappropriate \MF{}
%    coding.  However, the author decided to refrain from changes to
%    the AMS font sources for the sake of compatibility.
%   
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*Ucca>
\DeclareFontFamily{U}{cca}{}
\DeclareFontShape{U}{cca}{m}{n}{  
  <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> gen * xccam
  <10> <10.95> <12> <14.4> <17.28> <20.74> <24.88> xccam10}{}
%</Ucca>
%    \end{macrocode}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*Uccb>
\DeclareFontFamily{U}{ccb}{}
\DeclareFontShape{U}{ccb}{m}{n}{  
  <5> <6> <7> <8> <9> gen * xccbm
  <10> <10.95> <12> <14.4> <17.28> <20.74> <24.88> xccbm10}{}
%</Uccb>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{The \texttt{concmath} package}
%
%    After we have discussed the font definition files, we now turn to
%    the \texttt{concmath} package itself, starting with the
%    declaration of package options.
%
%
% \subsubsection{Declaring package options}
%
%    As mentioned in the introduction, the \texttt{concmath} package
%    provides an `\textsf{exscale}' option that provides the
%    functionality of the `\textsf{exscale}' package from the \LaTeX{}
%    base distribution, but using the Concrete version of the math
%    extension font.
%
%    Since it doesn't seem to be possible to nest a
%    |\DeclareFontShape| declaration within the |\AtBeginDocument|
%    hook, we have to make use of a global switch |\ifcc@exscale| and
%    put the relevant code directly into the package file to be
%    executed immediately after |\ProcessOptions|.  Apart from this
%    minor complication, the code for this option is relatively
%    simple.  We just load the default \LaTeX{} `\textsf{exscale}'
%    package and redeclare the |largesymbols| symbol font afterwards.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*package>
\newif\ifcc@exscale \cc@exscalefalse
\DeclareOption{exscale}{%
  \cc@exscaletrue % something to do after \ProcessOptions
  \AtBeginDocument{\RequirePackage{exscale}
    \DeclareSymbolFont{largesymbols}{OMX}{ccex}{m}{n}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    The declaration of `\textsf{amsfonts}' and `\textsf{amssymb}'
%    options is similar, but slightly easier.  Here, wee simply load
%    the relevant \LaTeX{} package files and redeclare the AMS Symbol
%    fonts afterwards using the Concrete versions.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{amsfonts}{%
  \AtBeginDocument{\RequirePackage{amsfonts}
    \DeclareSymbolFont{AMSa}{U}{cca}{m}{n}
    \DeclareSymbolFont{AMSb}{U}{ccb}{m}{n}
    \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathbb}{AMSb}}}
\DeclareOption{amssymb}{%
  \AtBeginDocument{\RequirePackage{amssymb}
    \DeclareSymbolFont{AMSa}{U}{cca}{m}{n}
    \DeclareSymbolFont{AMSb}{U}{ccb}{m}{n}
    \DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathbb}{AMSb}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Finally, here is the declaration of the `\textsf{boldsans}'
%    option that allows to globally turn bold titles and headings into
%    sans serif semibold condensed, if that is what you prefer to use
%    in combination with a Concrete Roman text font.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareOption{boldsans}{%
  \renewcommand{\bfdefault}{sbc}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsubsection{Setting up defaults for text and math mode}
%
%    Now, let's finish off the package file with the code to set up
%    the defaults to use Concrete Roman and Concrete Math.  For the
%    text, we begin by setting the default text font family to
%    Concrete Roman.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ccr}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    For the math, we redeclare all the standard symbol fonts using
%    the Concrete versions.  Since the encodings of these fonts are
%    exactly the same as those of their Computer Modern counterparts,
%    there is fortunately no need to repeat all the tedious
%    |\DeclareMathSymbol| commands from \texttt{fontmath.ltx}.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareSymbolFont{operators}   {OT1}{ccr} {m}{n}
\DeclareSymbolFont{letters}     {OML}{ccm} {m}{it}
\DeclareSymbolFont{symbols}     {OMS}{ccsy}{m}{n}
\DeclareSymbolFont{largesymbols}{OMX}{ccex}{m}{n}
%    \end{macrocode}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\SetSymbolFont{operators} {bold}{OT1}{ccr} {bx}{n}
\SetSymbolFont{letters}   {bold}{OML}{ccm} {b}{it}
\SetSymbolFont{symbols}   {bold}{OMS}{ccsy}{b}{n}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    After the math symbol fonts have been set up, we also have to
%    redeclare the math alphabets to use the newly defined Concrete
%    versions.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathrm}    {operators}
\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathnormal}{letters}
\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathcal}   {symbols}
\DeclareMathAlphabet      {\mathbf}{OT1}{ccr}{bx}{n}
\DeclareMathAlphabet      {\mathit}{OT1}{ccr}{m}{it}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Finally, we have to adapt the definition of |\oldstylenums| from
%    the \LaTeX{} format to use the Concrete version of the oldstyle
%    numerals \oldstylenums{0123456789}. It is a little unfortunate
%    that there is still one last remaining hard-wired reference to
%    Computer Modern fonts in \texttt{latex.ltx}, making it necessary
%    to repeat the whole definition with trivial changes, but there's
%    little we can do about it. 
%
%    Since this package does not try to imitate the look and feel of
%    Knuth's \textit{Concrete Mathematics}, we don't bother about
%    setting up equation numbers to be printed using oldstyle numbers.
%    The latter is a design decision independent of the choice of
%    fonts that's probably better left to the individual application.
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\oldstylenums#1{%
  \begingroup
    \spaceskip\fontdimen\tw@\font
    \usefont{OML}{ccm}{\f@series}{it}%
    \mathgroup\symletters #1%
  \endgroup}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%  
% \subsubsection{Executing options}
%  
%    After all the default values have been set up for Concrete Roman
%    and Concrete Math, all that's left to do is to process the
%    options and take special care of the `\textsf{exscale}' option.
%    The font shape declarations for the scaled version of the
%    Concrete Math Extension font are embedded directly in the package
%    file rather than an external font definition file, but they will
%    be executed only if the |\ifcc@exscale| flag has been set true
%    during the option processing.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ProcessOptions
\ifcc@exscale
  \DeclareFontFamily{OMX}{ccex}{}
  \DeclareFontShape{OMX}{ccex}{m}{n}{
    <-8> sfixed * xccex7 <8> xccex8 <9> xccex9
    <10> <10.95> <12> <14.4> <17.28> <20.74> <24.88> xccex10}{}
\fi
%</package>
%    \end{macrocode}
%    This concludes the implementation of the \texttt{concmath} package.
%
% \Finale
\endinput