summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/language/mongolian/soyombo/soyo4tex.tex
blob: 7c8d8c2b3f34cd3f716f63f69bf96dc8363a8765 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% File: soyo4tex.tex
% Date: September 2, 1996
% Author: Oliver Corff
% (c) 1996 Ulaanbaatar, Macau, Berlin
%
% A package for providing the Soyombo
% script to LaTeX-users.
%
% NB: This package requires LaTeX2e!
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{a4}
\usepackage[cp437de]{inputenc}
\usepackage{soyombo}
\newcommand{\g}{$\gamma$}
\title{\Soyombo \\
	\vspace{.75cm}
	\sf Soyombo for \LaTeX , v.~0.9}
\author{Oliver Corff}
\date{Sep.~2nd, 1996}
\markboth{\sf Soyombo for \LaTeX }{\sf Soyombo for LaTeX }
\pagestyle{myheadings}
\begin{document}
\maketitle

\section{Introduction}
{\sf Soyombo for \LaTeX} is a package providing the Soyombo
script and the Soyombo symbol for \LaTeX\ users. The Soyombo
script and the Soyombo symbol were both developed in 1686 by
the famous Mongolian monk and scholar Zanabazar. Modelled after
the Lantsa-Dewanagari script, the Soyombo script combines
the phonemic repertoire of Mongolian, Sanskrit, and Tibetan.
The script is not in wide use today; its
usage is basically limited to religious texts, inscriptions on
temples, etc. The Soyombo symbol (the symbol appearing in the
title of this article) however, can be seen virtually everywhere:
on the national flag, on money, on books --- the instances are
too numerous to be counted.

The logical construction of the script is two-dimensional, not
linear. Basic consonants are combined with vowels and final consonants
in a way similar to Tibetan; in fact, some of the letter shapes
as well as the arrangement of the alphabet was heavily influenced
by Tibetan.

The basic consonant fills the major area of the symbol; if no
vowel sign is added, the basic vowel {\em a} is assumed; if a
vowel is added, then it is either placed on top of the character
(in case of {\em i, , o, }) or in the lower third of the character
box (in the cases of {\em , u}). A secondary consonant, i.e.
a consonant closing the syllable, can be added to the basic character;
it is then placed in the right third of the lower third of the
character box. Long vowels are marked by a protruding tip of
the right-side beam. there are two diphthongs, {\em Vu, Vi},
which are both attached to the right side of the basic character.

Figure~\ref{soyombo:structure} shows how the letters are composed.

\begin{figure}
%TexCad Options
%\grade{\on}
%\emlines{\off}
%\beziermacro{\off}
%\reduce{\on}
%\snapping{\off}
%\quality{2.00}
%\graddiff{0.01}
%\snapasp{1}
%\zoom{1.00}
\unitlength 1.00mm
\linethickness{0.4pt}
\begin{picture}(73.00,66.00)
\put(30.00,5.00){\framebox(25.00,50.00)[cc]{Basic Area}}
\put(63.67,5.00){\dashbox{1.00}(9.33,50.00)[cc]{Di.}}
\put(30.00,56.00){\dashbox{1.00}(25.00,10.00)[cc]{Vowel(t)}}
\put(30.50,5.50){\dashbox{1.00}(14.67,13.50)[cc]{Vowel(b)}}
\put(46.50,5.50){\dashbox{1.00}(7.67,13.50)[cc]{Cns.}}
\put(56.00,5.00){\framebox(6.67,50.00)[cc]{Be.}}
%\emline(31.00,54.00)(54.00,54.00)
\put(31.00,54.00){\line(1,0){23.00}}
%\end
%\emline(54.00,54.00)(42.00,48.00)
\multiput(54.00,54.00)(-0.24,-0.12){50}{\line(-1,0){0.24}}
%\end
%\emline(42.00,48.00)(31.00,54.00)
\multiput(42.00,48.00)(-0.22,0.12){50}{\line(-1,0){0.22}}
%\end
%\emline(56.00,4.33)(62.67,4.33)
\put(56.00,4.33){\line(1,0){6.67}}
%\end
%\emline(62.67,4.33)(65.67,0.00)
\multiput(62.67,4.33)(0.12,-0.17){26}{\line(0,-1){0.17}}
%\end
%\emline(65.67,0.00)(56.00,4.33)
\multiput(65.67,0.00)(-0.26,0.12){37}{\line(-1,0){0.26}}
%\end
\end{picture}
\caption{The Structural Layout of Soyombo Characters}
\label{soyombo:structure}
\end{figure}


\section{How to use the Soyombo package}
This section describes which files are necessary, which commands
are needed for invoking the Soyombo symbol and characters, and
how special symbols are entered.

\subsection{Necessary files}
The Soyombo package consists of the following files:
\begin{description}
\item [Package] The file {\tt soyombo.sty} provides all necessary
	declarations and commands for selecting and entering the
	Soyombo symbol and script. Place this file somewhere where your
	\LaTeX\ installation will find it. In {\tt emtex} systems,
	this could be the path \verb"\emtex\texinput\mls" assuming you
	have a subdirectory named \verb"mls" which holds everything
	necessary for Mongolian Language Support.
\item [Fonts] The font files {\tt soyombo.mf} and {\tt soyombot.mf}
	provide the alphabet and the symbol, respectively. They should
	reside in a directory where {\sc Metafont} can find them, e.~g.
	\verb"\emtex\mfinput\mls". Here again, it is assumed that a
	directory \verb"mls" has been created for holding these and
	other fonts necessary for typesetting Mongolian.
\item [Font Metrics] The font metrics files {\tt soyombo.tfm} and
	{\tt soyombot.tfm} go into \verb"\emtex\tfm\mls".
\item [Documentation] This file is named {\tt soyo4tex.tex}. You
	are reading it at the moment. It can be placed in the same directory
	as {\tt soyombo.sty} or in a separate directory in the 
	\verb"\emtex\doc" branch.
\end{description}

\subsection{Declarations and Commands}
In order to use the Soyombo script, the preamble of your document
must contain the declaration \verb"\usepackage{soyombo}". This
is the only necessary step. Two commands become available then:
\verb"\Soyombo" produces the Soyombo symbol (see the title of
this artice), and \verb"\soyombo" switches to the Soyombo character
set.

\subsection{Input method}
Within an environment declared by \verb"\soyombo", entering most
of the basic characters is straightforward. Initial consonants
are entered as such. Except for {\em a} which is not marked vowels are entered by
using lowercase letters for back vowels and uppercase letters
for front vowels: {\em o  u } are entered as {\tt o O u U}.
Both {\tt u U} have
a form variant entered as {\tt v V} which is shorter and used
for combinations with final consonants.

Syllable finals are entered in uppercase. In most cases, the
same letter as for the initial (and lowercase) version is used.

The following example shows how the words {\em xamu\g\ sdgil-t}
written in Soyombo {\soyombo kmvG seDgiLtU} translate into a
sequence of transliteration and input characters.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|r|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Original & 
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\soyombo k} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\soyombo mvG}&&
\multicolumn{3}{c|}{\soyombo seD} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\soyombo giL}&&
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\soyombo tU} \\

\hline
Decomposed & \soyombo k & & \soyombo m & \soyombo `u  & \soyombo `G & & \soyombo s &
\soyombo `e & \soyombo `D  & \soyombo g  & \soyombo `i  & \soyombo `L  &
& \soyombo t & \soyombo  `U \\
\hline
Transliterated & x & a & m & u & \g & & s &  & d & g & i & l & - & t &  \\
\hline
Input & k && m & v & G & & s & e & D & g & i & L & & t & U \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

In order to show the construction of the Soyombo characters (for
writing text books, etc.) one blind or dummy character {\soyombo `}
was created which does not appear in the original alphabet.

The symbols used for
writing Sanskrit and Tibetan are accessed by control sequences
in the form of \verb"\sXX" where \verb"\s" stands for Soyombo
and {\tt XX} has to be replaced by a one-, two- or three-letter
combination found in the encoding table.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
% :set tabstop=4 ! (vi command)
% :set shiftwidth=4 ! (vi command)
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
& 00 & 01 & 02 & 03 & 04 & 05 & 06 & 07 \\ \hline
0 & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo '}  &
		{\Large \soyombo g}  &
			{\Large \soyombo \$}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sri}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sDH}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ssk}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\ 

 & \footnotesize (000) &
	\footnotesize (016:\verb|`|) &
		\footnotesize (032:\verb|g|) &
			\footnotesize (048:\verb|\$|) &
				\footnotesize (064:\verb|\sri|) &
					\footnotesize (080:\verb|\sDH|) &
						\footnotesize (096:\verb|ssk|) &
							\footnotesize (112) \\ \hline

1 & {\Large \soyombo `}  &
	{\Large \soyombo `-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo k}  &
			{\Large \soyombo s}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sri}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sB}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \srk}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (001:\verb|`|) &
	\footnotesize (017:\verb|`-|) &
		\footnotesize (033:\verb|k|) &
			\footnotesize (049:\verb|s|) &
				\footnotesize (065:\verb|\sri|) &
					\footnotesize (081:\verb|\sB|) &
						\footnotesize (097:\verb|\srk|) &
							\footnotesize (113) \\ \hline

2 & {\Large \soyombo \sA}  &
	{\Large \soyombo `i}  &
		{\Large \soyombo x}  &
			{\Large \soyombo h}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sli}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sBH}  &
						{\Large \soyombo Z}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (002:\verb|\sA|) &
	\footnotesize (018:\verb|`i|) &
		\footnotesize (034:\verb|x|) &
			\footnotesize (050:\verb|h|) &
				\footnotesize (066:\verb|\sli|) &
					\footnotesize (082:\verb|\sBH|) &
						\footnotesize (098:\verb|Z|) &
							\footnotesize (114) \\ \hline

3 & {\Large \soyombo .}  &
	{\Large \soyombo `i-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo z}  &
			{\Large \soyombo \sks}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sli-}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sds}  &
						{\Large \soyombo C}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

  & \footnotesize (003:\verb|.|) &
	\footnotesize (019:\verb|`i-|) &
		\footnotesize (035:\verb|z|) &
			\footnotesize (051:\verb|\sks|) &
				\footnotesize (067:\verb|\sli-|) &
					\footnotesize (083:\verb|\sds|) &
						\footnotesize (099:\verb|C|) &
							\footnotesize (115) \\ \hline

4 & {\Large \soyombo .. }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `e}  &
		{\Large \soyombo c}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `G}  &
				{\Large \soyombo `0}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sky}  &
						{\Large \soyombo J}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (004:\verb|..|) &
	\footnotesize (020:\verb|`e|) &
		\footnotesize (036:\verb|c|) &
			\footnotesize (052:\verb|`G|) &
				\footnotesize (068:\verb|`0|) &
					\footnotesize (084:\verb|\sky|) &
						\footnotesize (100:\verb|J|) &
							\footnotesize (116) \\ \hline

5 & {\Large \soyombo \sO }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `e-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo =}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `K}  &
				{\Large \soyombo `H}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \skr}  &
						{\Large \soyombo X}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (005:\verb|\sO|) &
	\footnotesize (021:\verb|`e-|) &
		\footnotesize (037:\verb|=|) &
			\footnotesize (053:\verb|`K|) &
				\footnotesize (069:\verb|`H|) &
					\footnotesize (085:\verb|\skr|) &
						\footnotesize (101:\verb|X|) &
							\footnotesize (117) \\ \hline

6 & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `U}  &
		{\Large \soyombo d}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `*}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sg}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \skl}  &
						{\Large \soyombo q}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (006) &
	\footnotesize (022:\verb|`U|) &
		\footnotesize (038:\verb|d|) &
			\footnotesize (054:\verb|`*|) &
				\footnotesize (070:\verb|\sg|) &
					\footnotesize (086:\verb|\skl|) &
						\footnotesize (102:\verb|q|) &
							\footnotesize (118) \\ \hline

7 & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `U-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo t}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `D}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sgh}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \skm}  &
						{\Large \soyombo @}  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (007) &
	\footnotesize (023:\verb|`U-|) &
		\footnotesize (039:\verb|t|) &
			\footnotesize (055:\verb|`D|) &
				\footnotesize (071:\verb|\sgh|) &
					\footnotesize (087:\verb|\skm|) &
						\footnotesize (103:\verb|@|) &
							\footnotesize (119) \\ \hline

8 & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `u}  &
		{\Large \soyombo n}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `N}  &
				{\Large \soyombo j}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \skk}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (008) &
	\footnotesize (024:\verb|`u|) &
		\footnotesize (040:\verb|n|) &
			\footnotesize (056:\verb|`N|) &
				\footnotesize (072:\verb|j|) &
					\footnotesize (088:\verb|\skk|) &
						\footnotesize (104) &
							\footnotesize (120) \\ \hline

9 & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `u-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo b}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `B}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sjh}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \snk}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo  \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (009) &
	\footnotesize (025:\verb|`u-|) &
		\footnotesize (041:\verb|b|) &
			\footnotesize (057:\verb|`B|) &
				\footnotesize (073:\verb|\sjh|) &
					\footnotesize (089:\verb|\snk|) &
						\footnotesize (105) &
							\footnotesize (121) \\ \hline

A & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `o}  &
		{\Large \soyombo p}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `M}  &
				{\Large \soyombo T}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \snc}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (010) &
	\footnotesize (026:\verb|`o|) &
		\footnotesize (042:\verb|p|) &
			\footnotesize (058:\verb|`M|) &
				\footnotesize (074:\verb|T|) &
					\footnotesize (090:\verb|\snc|) &
						\footnotesize (106) &
							\footnotesize (122) \\ \hline

B & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `o-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo m}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `R}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sth}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \snt}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (011) &
	\footnotesize (027:\verb|`o-|) &
		\footnotesize (043:\verb|m|) &
			\footnotesize (059:\verb|`R|) &
				\footnotesize (075:\verb|\sth|) &
					\footnotesize (091:\verb|\snt|) &
						\footnotesize (107) &
							\footnotesize (123) \\ \hline

C & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `O}  &
		{\Large \soyombo y}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `L}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sdd}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \snd}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (012) &
	\footnotesize (028:\verb|`O|) &
		\footnotesize (044:\verb|y|) &
			\footnotesize (060:\verb|`L|) &
				\footnotesize (076:\verb|\sdd|) &
					\footnotesize (092:\verb|\snd|) &
						\footnotesize (108) &
							\footnotesize (124) \\ \hline

D & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `O-}  &
		{\Large \soyombo r}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `Q}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sdh}  &
					{\Large \soyombo P}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (013) &
	\footnotesize (029:\verb|`O-|) &
		\footnotesize (045:\verb|r|) &
			\footnotesize (061:\verb|`Q|) &
				\footnotesize (077:\verb|\sdh|) &
					\footnotesize (093:\verb|P|) &
						\footnotesize (109) &
							\footnotesize (125) \\ \hline

E & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `W}  &
		{\Large \soyombo w}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `S}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sdn}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \slk}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (014) &
	\footnotesize (030:\verb|`W|) &
		\footnotesize (046:\verb|w|) &
			\footnotesize (062:\verb|`S|) &
				\footnotesize (078:\verb|\sdn|) &
					\footnotesize (094:\verb|\slk|) &
						\footnotesize (110) &
							\footnotesize (126) \\ \hline

F & {\Large \soyombo \ }  &
	{\Large \soyombo `I}  &
		{\Large \soyombo l}  &
			{\Large \soyombo `-a}  &
				{\Large \soyombo \sD}  &
					{\Large \soyombo \sSk}  &
						{\Large \soyombo \ }  &
							{\Large \soyombo \ }  \\

 & \footnotesize (015) &
	\footnotesize (031:\verb|`I|) &
		\footnotesize (047:\verb|l|) &
			\footnotesize (063:\verb|`-a|) &
				\footnotesize (079:\verb|\sD|) &
					\footnotesize (095:\verb|\sSk|) &
						\footnotesize (111) &
							\footnotesize (127) \\ \hline

\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Soyombo Character Input Table}
\end{figure}

\section{Desiderata}
The package in its present stage cannot be regarded complete.
Some of the letter shapes still need a bit of refinement, and
maybe there is even the possibility to create more typeface variants
in order to reflect various printing styles.

The input method works but is a bit clumsy to use; an input preprocessor
translating properly spelled Mongolian into the Soyombo equivalent
waits to be developed.

Comments and suggestions are highly appreciated and should be
directed to the author of these lines at \verb"corff@zedat.fu-berlin.de".

\end{document}