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%
% ********** lahyph.tex *************
%
% Copyright 1999- 2001 Claudio Beccari
% [latin hyphenation patterns]
%
% -----------------------------------------------------------------
% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%
% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
% of the LaTeX Project Public License Distributed from CTAN
% archives in directory macros/latex/base/lppl.txt; either
% version 1 of the License, or any later version.
% -----------------------------------------------------------------
%
% Patterns for the latin language mainly in modern spelling
% (u when u is needed and v when v is needed); medieval spelling
% with the ligatures \ae and \oe and the (uncial) lowercase `v'
% written as a `u' is also supported; apparently there is no conflict
% between the patterns of modern Latin and those of medieval Latin.
%
% Support for font encoding OT1 with 128-character set and
% for font encoding T1 with a 256-character set.
%
% Prepared by Claudio Beccari
% Politecnico di Torino
% Torino, Italy
% e-mail beccari@polito.it
%
% 1999/03/10 Integration of `lahyph7.tex' and `lahyph8.tex' into
% one file `lahyph.tex' supporting fonts in OT1 and T1 encoding by
% Bernd Raichle using the macro code from `dehypht.tex' (this code
% is Copyright 1993,1994,1998,1999 Bernd Raichle/DANTE e.V.).
%
%
% \versionnumber{3.1} \versiondate{2007/04/16}
%
% Information after \endinput.
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
\message{Latin Hyphenation Patterns `lahyph' Version 3.1 <2007/04/16>}
%
%
% Next we define some commands which are used inside the patterns.
% To keep them local, we enclose the rest of the file in a group
% (The \patterns command globally changes the hyphenation trie!).
% These initial commands are by Bernd Raichle (see above)
%
\begingroup
%
% Make sure that doublequote is not active:
\catcode`\"=12
%
%
% Ligatures \ae and \oe in font encoding OT1
%
\catcode"1A=11 \lccode"1A="1A % \ae (^^Z)
\catcode"1D=11 \lccode"1D="1D % \AE (^^]) (not used)
\catcode"1B=11 \lccode"1B="1B % \oe (^^[)
\catcode"1E=11 \lccode"1E="1E % \OE (^^^) (not used)
%
% Define \ae and \oe as shorthands for medieval latin
% ligatures in font encoding OT1:
\def\ae{^^Z}
\def\oe{^^[}
%
%
% Then we have to define some macros depending on the TeX version.
% Therefore we have to distinguish TeX version 2.x and 3.x:
%
\ifnum`\@=`\^^40 % true => TeX 3.x
%
% For TeX 3:
% ----------
%
% Ligatures \ae and \oe in font encoding T1
%
\catcode"E6=11 \lccode"E6="E6 % \ae
\catcode"C6=11 \lccode"C6="E6 % \AE (not used)
\catcode"F7=11 \lccode"F7="F7 % \oe
\catcode"D7=11 \lccode"D7="F7 % \OE (not used)
%
% Ligatures \ae and \oe in font encoding T1 are ok:
\def\n#1{#1}
%
% In the following definitions we use ??xy instead of ^^xy
% to avoid errors when reading the macro definitions with
% TeX 2.x (remember ^^e(6) is the comment character):
%
\catcode`\?=7
%
% Define \a and \o to be \ae resp. \oe in font encoding T1:
\def\a{??e6} % \ae
\def\o{??f7} % \oe
%
\catcode`\?=12
%
\else
%
% For TeX 2:
% ----------
%
% Ignore ligatures \ae and \oe in font encoding T1:
\def\n#1{}
%
% Define \a and \o (= \ae, \oe in font encoding T1) to
% signal an error:
\def\a{\errmessage{Hyphenation pattern file corrupted!}}
\def\o{\errmessage{Hyphenation pattern file corrupted!}}
%
\fi
%
%
\lccode`'=`'
\patterns{%
2'2
.a2b3l
.anti1 .anti3m2n
.circu2m1
.co2n1iun
.di2s3cine
.e2x1
.o2b3 % .o2b3l .o2b3r .o2b3s
.para1i .para1u
.su2b3lu .su2b3r
2s3que. 2s3dem.
3p2sic
3p2neu
\ae1 \oe1 % Ligatures ae and oe (in OT1)
\n{\a1} \n{\o1} % Ligatures ae and oe (in T1)
a1ia a1ie a1io a1iu ae1a ae1o ae1u
e1iu
io1i
o1ia o1ie o1io o1iu
uo3u % quousque
1b 2bb 2bd b2l 2bm 2bn b2r 2bt 2bs 2b.
1c 2cc c2h2 c2l 2cm 2cn 2cq c2r 2cs 2ct 2cz 2c.
1d 2dd 2dg 2dm d2r 2ds 2dv 2d.
1f 2ff f2l 2fn f2r 2ft 2f.
1g 2gg 2gd 2gf g2l 2gm g2n g2r 2gs 2gv 2g.
1h 2hp 2ht 2h.
1j
1k 2kk k2h2
1l 2lb 2lc 2ld 2lf l3f2t 2lg 2lk 2ll 2lm 2ln 2lp 2lq 2lr
2ls 2lt 2lv 2l.
1m 2mm 2mb 2mp 2ml 2mn 2mq 2mr 2mv 2m.
1n 2nb 2nc 2nd 2nf 2ng 2nl 2nm 2nn 2np 2nq 2nr 2ns
n2s3m n2s3f 2nt 2nv 2nx 2n.
1p p2h p2l 2pn 2pp p2r 2ps 2pt 2pz 2php 2pht 2p.
1qu2
1r 2rb 2rc 2rd 2rf 2rg r2h 2rl 2rm 2rn 2rp 2rq 2rr 2rs 2rt
2rv 2rz 2r.
1s2 2s3ph 2s3s 2stb 2stc 2std 2stf 2stg 2st3l 2stm 2stn 2stp 2stq
2sts 2stt 2stv 2s. 2st.
1t 2tb 2tc 2td 2tf 2tg t2h t2l t2r 2tm 2tn 2tp 2tq 2tt
2tv 2t.
1v v2l v2r 2vv
1x 2xt 2xx 2x.
1z 2z.
% For medieval Latin
a1ua a1ue a1ui a1uo a1uu
e1ua e1ue e1ui e1uo e1uu
i1ua i1ue i1ui i1uo i1uu
o1ua o1ue o1ui o1uo o1uu
u1ua u1ue u1ui u1uo u1uu
%
a2l1ua a2l1ue a2l1ui a2l1uo a2l1uu
e2l1ua e2l1ue e2l1ui e2l1uo e2l1uu
i2l1ua i2l1ue i2l1ui i2l1uo i2l1uu
o2l1ua o2l1ue o2l1ui o2l1uo o2l1uu
u2l1ua u2l1ue u2l1ui u2l1uo u2l1uu
%
a2m1ua a2m1ue a2m1ui a2m1uo a2m1uu
e2m1ua e2m1ue e2m1ui e2m1uo e2m1uu
i2m1ua i2m1ue i2m1ui i2m1uo i2m1uu
o2m1ua o2m1ue o2m1ui o2m1uo o2m1uu
u2m1ua u2m1ue u2m1ui u2m1uo u2m1uu
%
a2n1ua a2n1ue a2n1ui a2n1uo a2n1uu
e2n1ua e2n1ue e2n1ui e2n1uo e2n1uu
i2n1ua i2n1ue i2n1ui i2n1uo i2n1uu
o2n1ua o2n1ue o2n1ui o2n1uo o2n1uu
u2n1ua u2n1ue u2n1ui u2n1uo u2n1uu
%
a2r1ua a2r1ue a2r1ui a2r1uo a2r1uu
e2r1ua e2r1ue e2r1ui e2r1uo e2r1uu
i2r1ua i2r1ue i2r1ui i2r1uo i2r1uu
o2r1ua o2r1ue o2r1ui o2r1uo o2r1uu
u2r1ua u2r1ue u2r1ui u2r1uo u2r1uu
%
%
}
\endgroup
%
\endinput
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
For documentation see:
C. Beccari, "Computer aided hyphenation for Italian and Modern
Latin", TUG vol. 13, n. 1, pp. 23-33 (1992)
see also
C. Beccari, "Typesetting of ancient languages",
TUG vol.15, n.1, pp. 9-16 (1994)
In the former paper the code was described as being contained in file
ITALAT.TEX; this is substantially the same code, but the file has been
renamed LAHYPH.TEX in accordance with the ISO name for Latin and the
convention that all hyphenation pattern file names should be formed by the
agglutination of two letter language ISO code and the abbreviation HYPH.
A corresponding file (ITHYPH.TEX) has been extracted in order to eliminate
the (few) patterns specific to Latin and leave those specific to Italian;
ITHYPH.TEX has been further extended with many new patterns in order to
cope with the many neologisms and technical terms with foreign roots.
Should you find any word that gets hyphenated in a wrong way, please, AFTER
CHECKING ON A RELIABLE MODERN DICTIONARY, report to the author, preferably
by e-mail. Please do not report about wrong break points concerning
prefixes and/or suffixes; see at the bottom of this file.
Compared with the previous versions, this file has been extended so as to
cope also with the medieval Latin spelling, where the letter `V' played the
roles of both `U' and `V', as in the Roman times, save that the Romans used
only capitals. In the middle ages the availability of soft writing supports
and the necessity of copying books with a reasonable speed, several scripts
evolved in (practically) all of which there was a lower case alphabet
different from the upper case one, and where the lower case `v' had the
rounded shape of our modern lower case `u', and where the Latin diphthongs
`AE' and `OE', both in upper and lower case, where written as ligatures,
not to mention the habit of substituting them with their sound, that is a
simple `E'.
According to Leon Battista Alberti, who in 1466 wrote a book on
cryptography where he thoroughly analyzed the hyphenation of the Latin
language of his (still medieval) times, the differences from the Tuscan
language (the Italian language, as it was named at his time) were very
limited, in particular for what concerns the handling of the ascending and
descending diphthongs; in Central and Northern Europe, and later on in
North America, the Scholars perceived the above diphthongs as made of two
distinct vowels; the hyphenation of medieval Latin, therefore, was quite
different in the northern countries compared to the southern ones, at least
for what concerns these diphthongs. If you need hyphenation patterns for
medieval Latin that suite you better according to the habits of Northern
Europe you should resort to the hyphenation patterns prepared by Yannis
Haralambous (TUGboat, vol.13 n.4 (1992)).
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
For what concerns prefixes and suffixes, the latter are generally separated
according to "natural" syllabification, while the former are generally
divided etimologically. In order to avoid an excessive number of patterns,
care has been paid to some prefixes, especially "ex", "trans", "circum",
"prae", but this set of patterns is NOT capable of separating the prefixes
in all circumstances.
BABEL SHORTCUTS AND FACILITIES
Read the documentation coming with the discription of the Latin language
interface of Babel in order to see the shortcuts and the facilities
introduced in order to facilitate the insertion of "compound word marks"
which are very useful for inserting etimological break points.
Happy Latin and multilingual typesetting!
|