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<H1>
<FONT SIZE=+4>Hebrew Package for babel system and LaTeX2e</FONT></H1></CENTER>
<FONT SIZE=+1>This new support package for Hebrew language is based on
the old LaTeX 2.09 hebrew.sty and is backward compatible with it. A new
babel-based language switching interface is also supported.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>Bi-directional support uses <B>TeX--XeT</B> or newer <B>e-TeX</B>
engine.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>The package is available on-line at <A HREF="http://www.dsg.technion.ac.il/heblatex/">http://www.dsg.technion.ac.il/heblatex/</A>
or at <A HREF="ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/">ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/</A>.
It consists of:</FONT>
<OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Hebrew package for babel/LaTeX 2e: <A HREF="ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/heblatex.tar.gz">heblatex.tar.gz</A>
or <A HREF="ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/heblatex.zip">heblatex.zip</A>.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Hebrew fonts (available also on CTAN or ftp.cc.huji.ac.il):
<A HREF="ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/hebfonts.tar.gz">hebfonts.tar.gz</A>
or <A HREF="ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/hebfonts.zip">hebfonts.zip</A>.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Examples of hebrew documents: <A HREF="ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/hebexmpl.tar.gz">hebexmpl.tar.gz</A>
or <A HREF="ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/hebexmpl.zip">hebexmpl.zip</A>.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>This <A HREF="ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/README.html">README.html</A>
file, available also in plain text format as <A HREF="ftp://tochna.technion.ac.il/pub/staff/lavva/heblatex/README.txt">README.txt</A>.</FONT></LI>
</OL>
<FONT SIZE=+1>The babel/LaTeX 2e edition of the hebrew package, as well
as documentation (including this README file) was developed and will be
supported by Boris Lavva, <A HREF="mailto:lavva@tx.technion.ac.il.">lavva@tx.technion.ac.il</A>.
Please direct your additions, modifications, bug fixes and comments to
this address.</FONT>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><FONT SIZE=+3>Table of contents</FONT></H2>
<UL><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Acknowledgment">Acknowledgement</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Copyright">Copyright</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Installation">Installation</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Hebrew package usage">Hebrew package usage</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Input code pages">Input code pages</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Font encodings">Font encodings</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Bi-directional sectioning commands">Bi-directional
sectioning commands</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Table of contents, List of figures, List of tables">Table
of contents, List of figures, List of tables</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Document class for preparing Hebrew/English or English/Hebrew t">Document
class for preparing Hebrew/English or English/Hebrew thesis</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Compatibility with LaTeX 2.09 style">Compatibility
with LaTeX 2.09 style</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><A HREF="#Future work">Future work</A></FONT></UL>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Acknowledgment"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Acknowledgment</FONT></H2>
<FONT SIZE=+1>The following people have contributed to Hebrew package in
one way or another, knowingly or unknowingly. In alphabetical order:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1>Irina Abramovici, Yaniv Bargury, Yael Dubinsky, Sergio
Fogel, Dan Haran, Rama Porrat, Michail Rozman, Alon Ziv.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>Johannes Braams is the author of <B><I>babel</I></B> -
a multilingual support for LaTeX.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>Tatiana Samoilov and Vitaly Surazhsky found a number of
serious bugs in preliminary version of Hebrew package.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>A number of other people have contributed comments and
information. Specific contributions are acknowledged within the documentation.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>I want to thank my wife, Vita, and son, Mishka, for their
infinite love and patience.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>If you made a contribution and I haven't mentioned it,
don't worry, it was an accident. I'm sorry. Just tell <A HREF="mailto:lavva@tx.technion.ac.il">me</A>
and I will add you to the next version.</FONT>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Copyright"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Copyright</FONT></H2>
<FONT SIZE=+1>The copyright similar to other LaTeX 2e packages is added
to prevent inconsistency in version numbers and wide-spread distribution
of unsupported macro files (which was common with the old distributions).</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>Changes, bug fixes and additions are always welcome, but
they should be or distributed under other name, or incorporated in this
package (by mailing <A HREF="mailto:lavva@tx.technion.ac.il">me</A>).</FONT>
<UL>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%">
<PRE>Copyright 1997-1998 Boris Lavva and any individual authors listed
elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
For further copyright information, and conditions for modification and
distribution, see any other copyright notices in this file.
This file is contributed to the Babel system, release 3.6.
<BR>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%">This system is distributed in the hope that
it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied
warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
<P>For error reports concerning UNCHANGED versions of this file no more
than one year old, see bugs.txt.
<P>Please do not request updates from me directly. Primary distribution
will be through the CTAN archives.
<P><B>IMPORTANT COPYRIGHT NOTICE:</B>
<P>You are NOT ALLOWED to distribute this file alone.
<P>You are allowed to distribute this file under the condition that it
is distributed together with all the files listed in manifest.txt.
<P>If you receive only some of these files from someone, complain!
<P>Permission is granted to customize the declarations in this file to
serve the needs of your installation, provided that you comply with the
conditions in the file legal.txt.
<P>However, NO PERMISSION is granted to distribute a modified version of
this file under its original name.
<BR>
<BR><B>MODIFICATION ADVICE:</B>
<BR>If you want to customize this file, it is best to make a copy of the
source file(s) from which it was produced. Use a different name for your
copy(ies) and modify the copy(ies); this will ensure that your modifications
do not get overwritten when you install a new release of the standard system.
<P>You can then easily distribute your modifications by distributing the
modified and renamed copy of the source file, together with a suitable
.ins file, taking care to observe the conditions in legal.txt; this will
ensure that other users can safely use your modifications.</PRE></UL>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Installation"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Installation</FONT></H2>
<OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Full LaTeX 2e distribution should be installed, including
TeX--XeT or e-TeX. Known such distributions include:</FONT></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>teTeX 0.9 for UNIX with e-TeX (<A HREF="ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-hannover.de/home/te/private/.0.9/">ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-hannover.de/home/te/private/.0.9/</A>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>NTeX for UNIX with TeX--XeT (<A HREF="http://darfnix.mathematik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/tex/ntex/">http://darfnix.mathematik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/tex/ntex/</A>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Web2C for Windows 95 and NT (see at <U>CTAN:systems/win32</U>,
for example, <A HREF="ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/systems/win32/">ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/systems/win32/</A>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>TeX Live CD-ROMs distributed by TeX Users Group (TUG), see
details at <A HREF="http://www.tug.org">http://www.tug.org</A>.</FONT></LI>
</UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>If e-TeX is installed, check if its format is available in
<I>extended</I> mode, by running elatex or latex on some .tex file:</FONT></LI>
<BR>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>This is e-TeX, Version 3.14159-1.1 (Web2c 7.0)</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>entering extended mode</FONT></TT>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1>The second line should be "<I>entering extended mode</I>".</FONT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>If TeX--XeT is installed, it will use a LaTeX 2e format file,
called <TT>laxet.fmt </TT>from the formats directory. This directory is
commonly located at <TT>texmf/web2c</TT> or <TT>texmf/web2c/ini</TT> subdirectories.
To produce format file, run <TT>initexxet</TT> program on the following
<TT>laxet.ini</TT> file:</FONT></LI>
<BR>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>% Prevent dumping of LaTeX2e</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\let\xxdump=\dump</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\let\dump=\endinput</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>% LaTeX2e format</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\input latex.ltx</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>% Read latex2e.add</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\openin1=latex2e.add</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\ifeof1\closein1\message{latex2e.add not found}</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\else\closein1\input latex2e.add</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\fi</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>% dump</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\let\dump=\xxdump</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\let\xxdump=\undefined</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\dump</FONT></TT>
<BR>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1>Put the resulting file <TT>laxet.fmt</TT> to the formats
directory and link (or copy) the <TT>virtexxet</TT> program as <TT>laxet</TT>.</FONT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Download the babel sources from the CTAN sites, directory
<TT>macros/latex/packages/babel</TT>. This version of Hebrew package is
tested with babel version 3.6.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Apply the following changes to the standard babel sources:</FONT></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>babel.dtx -- after the line 916 (greek) add:</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\DeclareOption{hebrew}{\input{rlbabel.def}\input{hebrew.ldf}}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>bbcompat.dtx -- after the line 134 (welsh) add:</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>%<+hebrew>\input rlbabel.def\input hebrew.ldf\relax</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>babel.ins -- after the line 346 (bahasa) add:</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\generate{\compatfile{hebrew}}</FONT></TT></UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Download the hebrew package, fonts and examples from the
above mentioned place.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Open <I>heblatex</I> to the babel sources directory.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Run <TT>latex babel.ins</TT> and then <TT>latex hebrew.ins</TT>.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Move all <TT>*.cls, *.sty, *.def, *.fd, *.ldf </TT>to the
<I>babel</I> directory searchable by TeX (run <TT>MakeTeXls-R </TT>or similar
program). Usually, <I>babel</I> is located at <TT><I><U>TEXROOT</U></I>/share/texmf/tex/latex/packages/babel</TT>
or <TT><I><U>TEXROOT</U></I>/share/texmf/tex/generic/babel</TT>.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Install hebrew fonts from <I>hebfonts</I> as following:</FONT></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Find your public font sources directory, it is usually: <TT><I><U>TEXROOT</U></I>/share/texmf/fonts/source/public</TT>.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Unpack <I>hebfonts</I> file into the abovenamed <TT>public</TT>
directory. It will create a new directory called <TT>hebrew</TT> inside
<TT>public</TT>.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Find your special.map file - it is usually found at <TT><I><U>TEXROOT</U></I>/share/texmf/fontname/special.map</TT>
and add the following lines at the end of this file:</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>@c Hebrew fonts</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>jerus10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>deads10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>oldjaf10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>telav10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>crml10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>crmlsl10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>fr
public hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>frbx
public hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>frsl
public hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>hclassic public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>hcaption public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>redis7 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>redis8 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>redis9 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>redis10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>redis12 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>redis17 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>redisb10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>rediss8 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>rediss9 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>rediss10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>rediss12 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>shold10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>shscr10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>shstk10 public
hebrew</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Run <U>REHASH</U> from <TT>texconfig</TT> utility or program
<TT>MakeTeXls-R</TT> or newer <TT>mktexlsr</TT> (if available) to build
a new <TT>ls-R</TT> database in <TT><I><U>TEXROOT</U></I>/share/texmf</TT>
directory. You can add inserted file names manually to <TT>ls-R</TT> if
you cannot find abovenamed programs.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Note that only 7-bit (old code) fonts are used by new Hebrew
package.</FONT></LI>
</UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>You can check if your installation succeed by LaTeXing examples
from <TT>hebexmpl</TT> file.</FONT></LI>
</OL>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Finally, you can prepare the LaTeX documentation of all components
of the new Hebrew package by running:</FONT>
<UL>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="50%">
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>latex hebrew.dtx
makeindex -s bbind.ist hebrew.idx
makeindex -s bbglo.ist -o hebrew.gls hebrew.glo
latex hebrew.dtx
latex hebrew.dtx</FONT></PRE>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="50%"></UL>
<FONT SIZE=+1>The same procedure can be applied on <TT>babel.dtx</TT> (or
<TT>babel.drv</TT>) to create the babel documentation. Files <TT>bbind.ist</TT>
and <TT>bbglo.ist</TT> are included with babel installation.</FONT>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Hebrew package usage"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Hebrew
package usage</FONT></H2>
<FONT SIZE=+1>The usage is simple, for example:</FONT>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\documentclass[12pt,twoside]{book}
\usepackage[hebrew,english,russian,danish,greek,...]{babel}</FONT></PRE>
<FONT SIZE=+1>LaTeX 2.09 style is also supported (in compatibility mode)
to process existing documents, for example:</FONT>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\documentstyle[12pt,hebrew_newcode]{article}</FONT></PRE>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Languages can be switched by the following macros:</FONT>
<OL>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\set<I>hebrew</I></FONT></TT><FONT SIZE=+1> or <TT>\unset<I>hebrew</I></TT></FONT></LI>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\selectlanguage{<I>hebrew</I>}</FONT></TT><FONT SIZE=+1>,
<TT>\selectlanguage{<I>english</I>}</TT>, etc.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\begin{otherlanguage}{<I>hebrew</I>} </FONT></TT><FONT SIZE=+1>...<TT>
\end{otherlanguage}</TT>, or any other language</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\R{<I>hebrew text</I>}</FONT></TT><FONT SIZE=+1> inside
the latin text</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\L{<I>latin text</I>}</FONT></TT><FONT SIZE=+1> inside
the hebrew text</FONT></LI>
</OL>
<FONT SIZE=+1>First three commands are equivalent: first one provides switching
interface, compatible with LaTeX 2.09 hebrew style, while second and third
--- babel-based interface.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>Last two commands are used for language and direction
switching inside paragraph.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1><TT>hmbox</TT> and <TT>embox</TT> macros should be used
for inserting Hebrew and English text (respectively) inside a mathematical
formula.</FONT>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Input code pages"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Input
code pages</FONT></H2>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Hebrew package supports the following input code pages:</FONT>
<OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>7-bit hebrew encoding, also known as old code, defined by
Israeli Standard 960 (<I>si960</I>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>IBM PC code page also known as pc code (<I>cp862</I>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>WINDOWS code page also known as new code (<I>cp1255</I>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>ISO 8859-8 Hebrew/Latin code page commonly used in UNIX,
also known as new code (8859-8 also known as new code)</FONT></LI>
</OL>
<FONT SIZE=+1>The default input encoding can be set using option defined
above in parentheses with <TT>inputenc</TT> style (but *<B><I>before*</I></B>
<TT>babel</TT>), for example</FONT> :
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\usepackage[cp1255]{inputenc}</FONT></PRE>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Input encoding can be changed also inside the document by
the <TT>\inputencoding</TT> command, for example:</FONT>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\inputencoding{cp862}</FONT></PRE>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Font encodings"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Font
encodings</FONT></H2>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Various font encodings can be used, including, of course,
Local Hebrew Encoding (LHE), with the aid of <TT>fontenc</TT> style (but
*<B><I>before*</I></B> <TT>babel</TT>), for example:</FONT>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\usepackage[LHE,OT2,LCY,T1]{fontenc}</FONT></PRE>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Many useful font-switching commands are provided in <TT>hebfont</TT>
package which can be included <B><I>*after*</I></B> the babel:</FONT>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\usepackage{hebfont}</FONT></PRE>
<FONT SIZE=+1>These commands are in format <TT>\text</TT><B><font></B><TT>{</TT><I>Hebrew
text</I><TT>}</TT>, for example:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\textoj{</TT><I>Text printed with Old Jaffa font</I><TT>},
\textredis{</TT><I>Text printed with redis font</I><TT>}</TT>.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>In addition, for backward compatibility in LaTeX 2.09
documents, the four old font-switching commands are supported:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1><TT>{\jm </TT>...<TT>}, {\oj </TT>...<TT>}, {\ds </TT>...<TT>}</TT>
and <TT>{\ta </TT>...<TT>} </TT>for Jerusalem, Old Jaffa, Dead Sea and
Tel-Aviv fonts respectively.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>The following TeX fonts are supported:</FONT>
<UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Jerusalem (used as default font)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Dead Sea (used as bold font)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Tel-Aviv (used as sans-serif or typewriter font)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Old Jaffa (used as italic or slanted font and for emphasize)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Hebrew classic normal and slanted (command <TT>\textclas</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Shalom Old Style (command <TT>\textshold</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Shalom Script (command <TT>\textshscr</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Shalom Stick (command <TT>\textshstk</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Carmel normal and slanted (command <TT>\textcrml</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Frank Ruehl normal, bold and slanted (command <TT>\textfr</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Redis normal, bold and slanted (command <TT>\textredis</TT>)</FONT></LI>
</UL>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Bi-directional sectioning commands"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Bi-directional
sectioning commands</FONT></H2>
<FONT SIZE=+1>These commands inserts both <I>Hebrew</I> title to the RL
table of contents or list of figures/tables, and <I>English</I> (or other
LR language) title to the LR table of contents or list of figures/tables.</FONT>
<OL>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\bpart{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT></LI>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\bchapter{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT></LI>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\bsection{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT></LI>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\bsubsection{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT></LI>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\bsubsubsection{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT></LI>
<LI>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\bcaption{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\bchapternn{hebrew}{english} </TT>- replaces <TT>\chapter*</TT></FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\bsectionnn{hebrew}{english} </TT>- replaces <TT>\section*</TT></FONT></LI>
</OL>
<FONT SIZE=+1>A number of additional bi-directional commands are defined
in the hebtech.cls - thesis document class file, described below.</FONT>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Table of contents, List of figures, List of tables"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Table
of contents, List of figures, List of tables</FONT></H2>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Both Right-to-Left and Left-to-Right versions of the tables
(toc, lof and lot) can be generated simultaneously. The LR files have the
default extensions (.toc, .lof and .lot), while the RL files have reversed
extensions (.cot, .fol and .tol). For example, to include RL tables at
the beginning and LR tables before the end of the document:</FONT>
<UL>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="50%">
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\begin{document}
\sethebrew
\tableofcontents % Generates .cot file
\listoffigures % Generates .fol file
\listoftables % Generates .tol file
...
\unsethebrew
\tableofcontents % Generates .toc file
\listoffigures % Generates .lof file
\listoftables % Generates .lot file
\end{document}</FONT></PRE>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="50%"></UL>
<FONT SIZE=+1>All 6 files are generated simultaneously in two latex passes
!</FONT>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Hebrew calendar"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Hebrew
calendar</FONT></H2>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Original Hebrew calendar style was created by Michail Rozman,
and corrected by Rama Porrat, Michail Rozman and Dan Haran.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>This style was adjusted to LaTeX 2e by Boris Lavva, and
provided in <TT>hebcal</TT> package. It can be included <B><I>*after*</I></B>
the babel:</FONT>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\usepackage{hebcal}</FONT></PRE>
<FONT SIZE=+1>The following 2 user-level commands are provided with the
package:</FONT>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\newcount\hd \newcount\hm \newcount\hy</FONT></PRE>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\hd=10 \hm=3 \hy=1992</FONT></PRE>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\HebrewDate{\hd}{\hm}{\hy}</FONT></PRE>
<FONT SIZE=+1>which converts the requested Gregorian date to Hebrew calendar
date and prints it in Hebrew or English (depends on the current language)
and:</FONT>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\HebrewToday</TT> or \hebrewtoday</FONT></PRE>
<FONT SIZE=+1>which prints the current Hebrew date (today) .</FONT>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Document class for preparing Hebrew/English or English/Hebrew t"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Document
class for preparing Hebrew/English or English/Hebrew thesis</FONT></H2>
<FONT SIZE=+1>A useful document class file <TT>hebtech</TT> for preparing
M.Sc. and Ph.D. theses for the Technion (English/Hebrew and Hebrew/English)
is included with this package too. I believe that it can be adjusted for
the needs of other academic institutions in Israel too. This class automatically
includes <TT>babel</TT> with <TT>hebrew</TT> and <TT>english</TT> option,
<TT>hebfont</TT> and <TT>hebcal</TT> packages.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>The original version for LaTeX 2.09 and old code Hebrew
was created in 1994 by Irina Abramovici, at Taub Computer Center, Technion.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>How to use this document class?</FONT>
<PRE><FONT SIZE=+1>\documentclass[12pt]{hebtech}</FONT></PRE>
<FONT SIZE=+1>The following parameters should be included in thesis preamble
(before <TT>\begin{document}</TT>):</FONT>
<OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Thesis title</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\title{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Thesis author</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\author{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Department name, e.g. Electrical Engineering Department</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\dept{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Domain of research, e.g. Food Processing</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\dom{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Main advisor</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\advisori{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Second advisor, if exists</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\advisorii{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Main sponsor</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\donori{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Additional sponsor, if exists</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\donorii{hebrew}{english}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Set thestype counter to:</FONT></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>1 --- for a research thesis</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>2 --- for a project thesis</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>3 --- for a final paper</FONT></LI>
<BR> </UL>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\setcounter{thestype}{1}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Set grade counter to:</FONT></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>1 --- for master of science</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>2 --- for master</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>3 --- for master of technology</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>4 --- for doctor of science</FONT></LI>
<BR> </UL>
<TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\setcounter{grade}{1}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Date is optional, if not included, today's date will be used.
The Gregorian date entered will be printed and get converted the Jewish
date.</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\date{28}{2}{1998}</FONT></TT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Page style is optional too, if not included, plain will be
used.</FONT></LI>
<BR><TT><FONT SIZE=+1>\pagestyle{thesis}</FONT></TT></OL>
<FONT SIZE=+1>In the main document the following additional commands and
environments can be used:</FONT>
<OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\makecover</TT> - creates Hebrew or English cover page,
depending on the current language.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\maketitle</TT> - creates Hebrew or English title page,
depending on the current language.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\begin{acknowledgment} </TT>...<TT> \end{acknowledgment}</TT>
- builds the acknowledgment page and adds inserted customized acknowledgment
in Hebrew or English, depending on the current language.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\begin{dedication} </TT>...<TT> \end{dedication}</TT>
- builds the dedication page in Hebrew or English, depending on the current
language.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\tableofcontents</TT>, <TT>\listoffigures</TT>, <TT>\listoftables</TT>
- builds tables depending on the current language (all 6 tables can be
used simultaneously).</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\begin{abstract} </TT>...<TT> \end{abstract}</TT> - builds
the abstract pages in Hebrew or English, depending on the current language,
adds contents line to the 2 tables of contents.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\frontmatter</TT>, <TT>\mainmatter</TT>, <TT>\backmatter</TT>
- should be inserted at the beginning, before the main part, and at the
ending of the thesis to change numbering and other style parameters.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\bibliography{</TT>...<TT>}</TT> - now adds "References"
line to the 2 tables of contents: English and Hebrew.</FONT></LI>
</OL>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Some useful bi-directional commands, for figures and tables
provided in this file too:</FONT>
<OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\bcaptionf{hebrew}{english}</TT> - similar to <TT>\bcaption</TT>
but answers to thesis formatting requirements at the Technion, used for
figures.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\bcaptionff{to RL lof}{to LR lof}{hebrew}{english}</TT>
- a customized one for figures.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\bcaptiont{hebrew}{english}</TT> - similar to <TT>\bcaption</TT>
but answers to thesis formatting requirements at the Technion, used for
tables.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\bcaptiontt{to RL lot}{to LR lot}{hebrew}{english}</TT>
- a customized one for tables.</FONT></LI>
</OL>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Compatibility with LaTeX 2.09 style"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Compatibility
with LaTeX 2.09 style</FONT></H2>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Generally, the new package is compatible with LaTeX 2.09
style file <TT>hebrew.sty</TT>, i.e. in most cases one can use the new
package on old documents without any errors. Howver, it does not support
Plain TeX, please use <TT>heb_macros.tex</TT>, or other TeX macro file
for Hebrew instead.</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>A few incompatibilities are described below:</FONT>
<UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>The macros with Hebrew names are not provided, for example,
macro <TT>\hadgesh</TT> when the command name "hadgesh" is given in Hebrew
is not supported. The reason is that in new LaTeX 2e it is forbidden to
use 8-bit macros, because all characters 128-255 became to be "<I>active"</I>.</FONT></LI>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1>However, the following English-coded equivalents are
supported for backward compatibility with LaTeX 2.09 style and can be used
even in the new documents:</FONT>
<OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\hebday</TT> (replaced "hayom").</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\hebcopy</TT> (for use in letter style)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\hebincl</TT> (for use in letter style)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\hebpage</TT> (for use in letter style)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\hebto</TT> (for use in letter style)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\hadgesh</TT> (produces ``poor man's bold'' - heavy printout,
it is advisable to use real bold fonts, e.g. DeadSea instead)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\piska</TT> (can be used only in compatibility mode)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\piskapiska</TT> (can be used only in compatibility mode)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\makafgadol</TT> (=<TT>\textendash</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\makafanak</TT> (=<TT>\textemdash</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\geresh</TT> (=<TT>\textquoteright</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\opengeresh</TT> (=<TT>\textquoteright</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\closegeresh</TT> (=<TT>\textquoteleft</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\openquote</TT> (=<TT>\textquotedblright</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\closequote</TT> (=<TT>\textquotedblleft</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\leftquotation</TT> (=<TT>\textquotedblright</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\rightquotation</TT> (=<TT>\textquotedblleft</TT>)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\undertext</TT> (=<TT>\underline</TT>, can be used only
in compatibility mode)</FONT></LI>
</OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>In <TT>\documentstyle</TT> line the following 3 styles can
be used in Hebrew documents:</FONT></LI>
<OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\documentstyle[hebrew_oldcode,...]{...}</TT> in old 7-bit
documents (instead of "hebrew"!).</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\documentstyle[hebrew_newcode,...]{...}</TT> in 8-bit
UNIX or Windows documents.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>\documentstyle[hebrew_p,...]{...}</TT> in 8-bit DOS documents.</FONT></LI>
</OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>hebcal</TT> style should always be used (instead of older
<TT>hebcal_p</TT> and <TT>hebcal_newcode</TT>).</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Font names for the included 7-bit fonts were renamed (for
the sake of multiplatform support) to <I>lowercase</I> names with
<I>no more than 8 characters</I> as following:</FONT></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>jerus10.mf</TT> - for Jerusalem (10pt)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>deads10.mf</TT> - for Dead Sea (10pt)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>telav10.mf</TT> - for TelAviv (10pt)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>oldjaf10.mf</TT> - for Old Jaffa (10pt)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>shold10.mf</TT> - for Shalom Old Style (10pt)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>shscr10.mf</TT> - for Shalom Script (10pt)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>shstk10.mf</TT> - for Shalom Stick (10pt)</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Some other font-related files were renamed too (to lowercase
and < 8 characters):</FONT></LI>
<UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>frank_ruehl.mf</TT> became <TT>frruehl.mf</TT></FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>redisfont.mf</TT> became <TT>redisfnt.mf</TT></FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1><TT>redisbx10.mf</TT> became <TT>redisb10.m</TT>f</FONT></LI>
</UL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>All other font names remain unchanged</FONT></LI>
</UL>
</UL>
<H2>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%"><A NAME="Future work"></A><FONT SIZE=+3>Future
work</FONT></H2>
<OL>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Visual enviroments i.e. <TT>tabular</TT>, <TT>tabbing</TT>
and <TT>array</TT> have to be supported for hebrew. Now only left-to-right
direction of lines is supported.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Update hebrew package for the future <I>babel-3.7</I> release.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Hebrew points and dots ("nikud") support should be added,
so it can be used in font-independent way.</FONT></LI>
<BR><FONT SIZE=+1>Currently, nikud can be used only on font-dependent way:
only shalom and classic families of fonts provide nikud, and hebrew point
glyphs are located in different places.</FONT>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Machintosh Hebrew/English input code page support should
be added.</FONT></LI>
<LI>
<FONT SIZE=+1>Type1/TrueType Hebrew fonts should be supported.</FONT></LI>
</OL>
<HR ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="70%">
<ADDRESS>
Created by Boris Lavva, <A HREF="mailto:lavva@tx.technion.ac.il">lavva@tx.technion.ac.il</A></ADDRESS>
<ADDRESS>
Last modified March 1, 1998</ADDRESS>
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