summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/language/greek/greek-inputenc/greek-utf8.tex
blob: e5c454e8f818a3f6e4709df788a5dc8a1c9d87a6 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
\documentclass[a4paper]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{cmap} % fix search and cut-and-paste in Acrobat Reader
\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{textalpha}
\usepackage{alphabeta}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage[colorlinks]{hyperref}
\usepackage{bookmark}
% \usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{booktabs}

\usepackage{lmodern}
% \usepackage{kerkis}
% \usepackage{gfsdidot}

% Greek utf8 definitions work with and without "Babel", 
% with monotonic, polytonic, and ancient Greek variants.
% However, this document uses babel language switches, so it requires Babel:
\usepackage[greek,english]{babel}
% \languageattribute{greek}{polutoniko}
\languageattribute{greek}{ancient}

\begin{document}

\title{Greek Unicode with 8-bit TeX and \emph{inputenc}}
\author{Günter Milde}
\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
The definitions in \texttt{lgrenc.dfu} provide UTF-8 support for
the Greek script based on \emph{inputenc} and the \emph{LaTeX internal
character representation} macros (LICRs) defined in the \emph{greek-fontenc}
package.
\end{abstract}

\section{Requirements}

The \href{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/inputenc}{\emph{inputenc}} standard
package enables the use of non-ASCII characters with 8-bit TeX. However, it
misses definitions for Greek characters. The \emph{greek-inputenc} package
extends \emph{inputenc} to allow the use of Greek literals in the document
source.

As with all \emph{inputenc} definitions, this only works if the active font
encoding supports the characters. For the Greek script, this is usually the
non-standard \emph{LGR} font encoding set up by
\href{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-fontenc}{\emph{greek-fontenc}}.
% e.g. Π produces:
% ! LaTeX Error: Command \textPi unavailable in encoding T1.
% just like Ж produces:
% ! LaTeX Error: Command \CYRZH unavailable in encoding T1.

\section{Usage}

There are several alternatives to activate Greek Unicode input for 8-bit TeX%
\footnote{
  The XeTeX and LuaTeX engines use utf8 as native input encoding. They do
  not require (and, except in 8-bit compatibility mode, do not work with)
  the \emph{inputenc} and \emph{greek-inputenc} packages.}
%
(see also the source document \url{greek-utf8.tex}):


\begin{itemize}

\item
Define the LGR font encoding and the UTF8 input encoding (the order does not
matter), e.g.,
%
\begin{verbatim}
  \usepackage[T1,LGR]{fontenc}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\end{verbatim}
%
Ensure that LGR is the active font encoding whenever a Greek character is
used in the text (see below).

\item
For text in the Greek language, it is recommended to use the
\href{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel}{\emph{Babel}} package with the Greek
language definitions in
\href{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel-greek}{\emph{babel-greek}}. Babel sets
the font encoding automatically to LGR and Greek Unicode characters work as
expected. Write in the preamble, e.g.,
%
\begin{verbatim}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
  \usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage[english,greek,german]{babel}
\end{verbatim}
%
and use \verb+\foreignlanguage+ or \verb+\selectlanguage+ to set the text
language to Greek (see the
\href{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/babel-greek}{\emph{babel-greek}} documentation
for detailled examples).

\begin{quote}
  \greekscript
  Τί φήις; Ἱδὼν ἐνθέδε παῖδ’ ἐλευθέραν
  τὰς πλησίον Νύμφας στεφανοῦσαν, Σώστρατε,
  ἐρῶν άπῆλθες εὐθύς;
\end{quote}

\item
In combination with the \emph{textalpha} package from
\href{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-fontenc}{\emph{greek-fontenc}}, Greek Unicode
characters can be used in text with any font encoding -- just like the
symbols provided by the ``textcomp'' package (i.e. with some limitations
described in
\href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/language/greek/greek-fontenc/textalpha-doc.pdf}%
{textalpha-doc}). With the preamble lines
%
\begin{verbatim}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
  \usepackage{textalpha}
\end{verbatim}
%
it is straightforward to write about π-mesons, γ-radiation, or a 50\,kΩ
resistor.

\item
In combination with the \emph{alphabeta} package (also from
\href{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/greek-fontenc}{\emph{greek-fontenc}}),
Greek Unicode literals can also be used in math mode:
%
\begin{verbatim}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
  \usepackage{alphabeta}
\end{verbatim}
\[
   \tan β = \frac{\sin β}{\cos β}.
\]

\end{itemize}

\section{Warning: unsafe ASCII input}

LGR is no ``standard font encoding''. Latin characters and some other ASCII
symbols are mapped to Greek equivalents if LGR is the active font encoding.
(See
\href{http://mirrors.ctan.org/language/babel/contrib/greek/usage.pdf}{usage.pdf}
for a description of this Latin-Greek transliteration.)

This means you need an explicit language and/or font-encoding switch for
Latin words and abbreviations in Greek text, e.g., not
\foreignlanguage{greek}{((ηία αντίσταση 750-kΩ))} but
\foreignlanguage{greek}{((ηία αντίσταση 750-\textlatin{k}Ω))}

Special care is also required with the question mark characters:
\begin{itemize}
  \item The Unicode standard says character 003B SEMICOLON and not 037E GREEK
  	QUESTION MARK, is the preferred character for a `Greek question
	mark' (erotimatiko),
  \item The LGR font encoding maps a SEMICOLON to a middle dot (ano teleia),
	while the Latin question mark ``?'' is mapped to the erotimatiko.
\end{itemize}
As a result, only the deprecated character 037E GREEK QUESTION MARK works
with both, Xe/LuaTeX and 8-bit TeX. Compare the source \url{greek-utf8.tex}
and the PDF output:

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
  Latin (T1) & Greek (LGR) & question mark character \\
  \midrule
  Τί φήις; & \foreignlanguage{greek}{Τί φήις;} & 037E GREEK QUESTION MARK \\
  Τί φήις; & \foreignlanguage{greek}{Τί φήις;} & 003B SEMICOLON \\
  Τί φήις? & \foreignlanguage{greek}{Τί φήις?} & 003F QUESTION MARK \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}


\section{Supported Characters}

Unicode definitions exist for all non-ASCII characters that can be rendered
with an LGR-encoded font.


\subsection{Greek and Coptic}

\begin{tabular}{rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr}
\toprule
    & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & A & B & \textlatin C & D & E & F\\
\midrule
\textlatin{370} & * & * & * & * & ʹ & ͵ & * & * &   &   & ͺ & * & * & * & ; &  \\
\textlatin{380} &   &   &   &   & ΄ & ΅ & Ά & · & Έ & Ή & Ί &   & Ό &   & Ύ & Ώ\\
\textlatin{390} & ΐ & Α & Β & Γ & Δ & Ε & Ζ & Η & Θ & Ι & Κ & Λ & Μ & Ν & Ξ & Ο\\
\textlatin{3A0} & Π & Ρ &   & Σ & Τ & Υ & Φ & Χ & Ψ & Ω & Ϊ & Ϋ & ά & έ & ή & ί\\
\textlatin{3B0} & ΰ & α & β & γ & δ & ε & ζ & η & θ & ι & κ & λ & μ & ν & ξ & ο\\
\textlatin{3C0} & π & ρ & ς & σ & τ & υ & φ & χ & ψ & ω & ϊ & ϋ & ό & ύ & ώ &  \\
\textlatin{3D0} & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & Ϙ & ϙ & Ϛ & ϛ & Ϝ & ϝ & * & ϟ\\
\textlatin{3E0} & Ϡ & ϡ & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & *\\
\textlatin{3F0} & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & *\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}

 \noindent
legend: * glyph missing in LGR, [space] Unicode point not defined


\subsection{Greek Extended}

\begin{tabular}{rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr}
\toprule
      & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & A & B & \textlatin C & D & E & F\\
\midrule
\textlatin{1F00} & ἀ & ἁ & ἂ & ἃ & ἄ & ἅ & ἆ & ἇ & Ἀ & Ἁ & Ἂ & Ἃ & Ἄ & Ἅ & Ἆ & Ἇ\\
\textlatin{1F10} & ἐ & ἑ & ἒ & ἓ & ἔ & ἕ &   &   & Ἐ & Ἑ & Ἒ & Ἓ & Ἔ & Ἕ &   &  \\
\textlatin{1F20} & ἠ & ἡ & ἢ & ἣ & ἤ & ἥ & ἦ & ἧ & Ἠ & Ἡ & Ἢ & Ἣ & Ἤ & Ἥ & Ἦ & Ἧ\\
\textlatin{1F30} & ἰ & ἱ & ἲ & ἳ & ἴ & ἵ & ἶ & ἷ & Ἰ & Ἱ & Ἲ & Ἳ & Ἴ & Ἵ & Ἶ & Ἷ\\
\textlatin{1F40} & ὀ & ὁ & ὂ & ὃ & ὄ & ὅ &   &   & Ὀ & Ὁ & Ὂ & Ὃ & Ὄ & Ὅ &   &  \\
\textlatin{1F50} & ὐ & ὑ & ὒ & ὓ & ὔ & ὕ & ὖ & ὗ &   & Ὑ &   & Ὓ &   & Ὕ &   & Ὗ\\
\textlatin{1F60} & ὠ & ὡ & ὢ & ὣ & ὤ & ὥ & ὦ & ὧ & Ὠ & Ὡ & Ὢ & Ὣ & Ὤ & Ὥ & Ὦ & Ὧ\\
\textlatin{1F70} & ὰ & ά & ὲ & έ & ὴ & ή & ὶ & ί & ὸ & ό & ὺ & ύ & ὼ & ώ &   &  \\
\textlatin{1F80} & ᾀ & ᾁ & ᾂ & ᾃ & ᾄ & ᾅ & ᾆ & ᾇ & ᾈ & ᾉ & ᾊ & ᾋ & ᾌ & ᾍ & ᾎ & ᾏ\\
\textlatin{1F90} & ᾐ & ᾑ & ᾒ & ᾓ & ᾔ & ᾕ & ᾖ & ᾗ & ᾘ & ᾙ & ᾚ & ᾛ & ᾜ & ᾝ & ᾞ & ᾟ\\
\textlatin{1FA0} & ᾠ & ᾡ & ᾢ & ᾣ & ᾤ & ᾥ & ᾦ & ᾧ & ᾨ & ᾩ & ᾪ & ᾫ & ᾬ & ᾭ & ᾮ & ᾯ\\
\textlatin{1FB0} & ᾰ & ᾱ & ᾲ & ᾳ & ᾴ &   & ᾶ & ᾷ & Ᾰ & Ᾱ & Ὰ & Ά & ᾼ & ᾽ & ι & ᾿\\
\textlatin{1FC0} & ῀ & ῁ & ῂ & ῃ & ῄ &   & ῆ & ῇ & Ὲ & Έ & Ὴ & Ή & ῌ & ῍ & ῎ & ῏\\
\textlatin{1FD0} & ῐ & ῑ & ῒ & ΐ &   &   & ῖ & ῗ & Ῐ & Ῑ & Ὶ & Ί &   & ῝ & ῞ & ῟\\
\textlatin{1FE0} & ῠ & ῡ & ῢ & ΰ & ῤ & ῥ & ῦ & ῧ & Ῠ & Ῡ & Ὺ & Ύ & Ῥ & ῭ & ΅ & `\\
\textlatin{1FF0} &   &   & ῲ & ῳ & ῴ &   & ῶ & ῷ & Ὸ & Ό & Ὼ & Ώ & ῼ & ´ & ῾ &  \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}


\subsection{Other Unicode Blocks}

\begin{description}

\item [Latin-1 Supplement]: \ensuregreek{¨ « ¯ ´ · »}
\item [IPA Extensions]: \ensuregreek{ə} LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA
\item [Spacing Modifier Letters]:
      \ensuregreek{˘a} (here followed by letter alpha)
\item [General Punctuation]:
      \ensuregreek{– — ‘ ’ ‰} ZWNJ (zero width no joiner, prevents kerning
      and ligatures, e.g. \ensuregreek{A‌‌U} vs. \ensuregreek{AU} and
      \ensuregreek{'‌a} vs. \ensuregreek{'a})
\item [Currency Symbols]: \ensuregreek{€}
\item [Letter-like Symbols]: Ω  % OHM SIGN, preferred representation is 03A9
\item [Ancient Greek Numbers]: \ensuregreek{
      𐅄 % \textPiDelta{} % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY
      𐅅 % \textPiEta{}   % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED
      𐅆 % \textPiChi{}   % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND
      𐅇 % \textPiMu{}    % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND
      }
\end{description}

\newpage

\section{Test up/downcasing}

Capital Greek letters have diacritics (except the dialytika) to the left
(instead of above) and drop them in uppercase, e.g.
\foreignlanguage{greek}{μαΐστρος $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{μαΐστρος}}.

Tonos and dasia on the first vowel of a diphthong (\ensuregreek{άι, άυ, έι})
imply a \emph{hiatus}. A dialytika must be placed on the second
vowel if they are dropped (\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{\'ai, \'au, \'ei}}).

The auto-hiatus feature in lgrxenc.def works with the Latin
transcription and with character-macros (%
\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{%
  \'ai,
  \'\textalpha \textupsilon,
  \'\textepsilon \textiota
}})
and also if the first character is wrapped in \verb+\ensuregreek+ (as done by
the lgrenc.dfu definition for accented characters) or a literal Unicode
character
(\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{%
  \ensuregreek{\'\textalpha}\textiota,
  ά\textupsilon,
  ά\textiota
}})
but not if the second character of the diphthong is a Unicode literal
(\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{%
  \'\textalpha ι,
  άυ,
  \'\textepsilon ι
}}).

Therefore, the diaresis is missing in the following examples:
\ensuregreek{άυλος  $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{άυλος},
           ἄυλος  $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ἄυλος},
           μάινα  $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{μάινα},
           κέικ,  $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{κέικ},
           ἀυπνία $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ἀυπνία}}.

Fixing this shortcoming requires knowledge of what
\verb+\LGR@ifnextchar+ ``sees'' when the next character is an upcased
Unicode literal.

As an ugly workaround, use \verb+\textiota+ resp. \verb+\textupsilon+
for the character that should get the diaresis:
\ensuregreek{ἀ\textupsilon{}πνία $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ἀ\textupsilon{}πνία}}.



The following subsections test MakeUppercase and MakeLowercase with all
characters defined in lgrenc.dfu:

\subsection{Greek and Coptic}

\newcommand{\GreekAndCoptic}{ʹ͵ͺ; ΄ ΅Ά·ΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫϘϚϜϠ}
\newcommand{\greekandcoptic}{άέήίΰαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωϊϋόύώϙϛϝϟϡ}

Characters of the Greek and Coptic Unicode Block:
\begin{quote}
  \selectlanguage{greek}
  \GreekAndCoptic\\
  \greekandcoptic
\end{quote}
MakeUppercase:
\begin{quote}
  \selectlanguage{greek}
  \MakeUppercase{\GreekAndCoptic}\\
  \MakeUppercase{\greekandcoptic}
\end{quote}
Letters and ypogegrammeni upcased, tonos dropped, dialytika kept.

There is no capital Koppa in LGR, therefore \ensuregreek{ϟ} is left unchanged
with MakeUppercase.


MakeLowercase:

\begin{quote}
  \selectlanguage{greek}
  \MakeLowercase{\GreekAndCoptic}\\
  \MakeLowercase{\greekandcoptic}
\end{quote}

The lowercase of \ensuregreek{Σ} is the «auto-sigma» (\verb+\textautosigma+):
\ensuregreek{ΣΣ $\mapsto$ \MakeLowercase{ΣΣ}}. Add a ZWNJ or use the
\verb+\noboundary+ macro to prevent conversion to final sigma:
\ensuregreek{\MakeLowercase{ΣΣ‌}}. The lowercase of GREEK LETTER STIGMA
\ensuregreek{Ϛ} is \ensuregreek{\MakeLowercase{Ϛ}}.


\subsection{Greek extended}

MakeUppercase:

% \selectlanguage{greek}

\MakeUppercase{ ἀ ἁ ἂ ἃ ἄ ἅ ἆ ἇ Ἀ Ἁ Ἂ Ἃ Ἄ Ἅ Ἆ Ἇ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ἐ ἑ ἒ ἓ ἔ ἕ     Ἐ Ἑ Ἒ Ἓ Ἔ Ἕ     }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ἠ ἡ ἢ ἣ ἤ ἥ ἦ ἧ Ἠ Ἡ Ἢ Ἣ Ἤ Ἥ Ἦ Ἧ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ἰ ἱ ἲ ἳ ἴ ἵ ἶ ἷ Ἰ Ἱ Ἲ Ἳ Ἴ Ἵ Ἶ Ἷ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ὀ ὁ ὂ ὃ ὄ ὅ     Ὀ Ὁ Ὂ Ὃ Ὄ Ὅ     }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ὐ ὑ ὒ ὓ ὔ ὕ ὖ ὗ   Ὑ   Ὓ   Ὕ   Ὗ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ὠ ὡ ὢ ὣ ὤ ὥ ὦ ὧ Ὠ Ὡ Ὢ Ὣ Ὤ Ὥ Ὦ Ὧ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ὰ ά ὲ έ ὴ ή ὶ ί ὸ ό ὺ ύ ὼ ώ     }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ᾀ ᾁ ᾂ ᾃ ᾄ ᾅ ᾆ ᾇ ᾈ ᾉ ᾊ ᾋ ᾌ ᾍ ᾎ ᾏ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ᾐ ᾑ ᾒ ᾓ ᾔ ᾕ ᾖ ᾗ ᾘ ᾙ ᾚ ᾛ ᾜ ᾝ ᾞ ᾟ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ᾠ ᾡ ᾢ ᾣ ᾤ ᾥ ᾦ ᾧ ᾨ ᾩ ᾪ ᾫ ᾬ ᾭ ᾮ ᾯ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ᾰ ᾱ ᾲ ᾳ ᾴ   ᾶ ᾷ Ᾰ Ᾱ Ὰ Ά ᾼ ᾽ ι ᾿ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ῀ ῁ ῂ ῃ ῄ   ῆ ῇ Ὲ Έ Ὴ Ή ῌ ῍ ῎ ῏ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ῐ ῑ ῒ ΐ     ῖ ῗ Ῐ Ῑ Ὶ Ί   ῝ ῞ ῟ }\\
\MakeUppercase{ ῠ ῡ ῢ ΰ ῤ ῥ ῦ ῧ Ῠ Ῡ Ὺ Ύ Ῥ ῭ ΅ ` }\\
\MakeUppercase{     ῲ ῳ ῴ   ῶ ῷ Ὸ Ό Ὼ Ώ ῼ ´ ῾   }
\selectlanguage{english}

MakeLowercase:

% \selectlanguage{greek}
\MakeLowercase{ ἀ ἁ ἂ ἃ ἄ ἅ ἆ ἇ Ἀ Ἁ Ἂ Ἃ Ἄ Ἅ Ἆ Ἇ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ἐ ἑ ἒ ἓ ἔ ἕ     Ἐ Ἑ Ἒ Ἓ Ἔ Ἕ     }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ἠ ἡ ἢ ἣ ἤ ἥ ἦ ἧ Ἠ Ἡ Ἢ Ἣ Ἤ Ἥ Ἦ Ἧ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ἰ ἱ ἲ ἳ ἴ ἵ ἶ ἷ Ἰ Ἱ Ἲ Ἳ Ἴ Ἵ Ἶ Ἷ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ὀ ὁ ὂ ὃ ὄ ὅ     Ὀ Ὁ Ὂ Ὃ Ὄ Ὅ     }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ὐ ὑ ὒ ὓ ὔ ὕ ὖ ὗ   Ὑ   Ὓ   Ὕ   Ὗ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ὠ ὡ ὢ ὣ ὤ ὥ ὦ ὧ Ὠ Ὡ Ὢ Ὣ Ὤ Ὥ Ὦ Ὧ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ὰ ά ὲ έ ὴ ή ὶ ί ὸ ό ὺ ύ ὼ ώ     }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ᾀ ᾁ ᾂ ᾃ ᾄ ᾅ ᾆ ᾇ ᾈ ᾉ ᾊ ᾋ ᾌ ᾍ ᾎ ᾏ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ᾐ ᾑ ᾒ ᾓ ᾔ ᾕ ᾖ ᾗ ᾘ ᾙ ᾚ ᾛ ᾜ ᾝ ᾞ ᾟ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ᾠ ᾡ ᾢ ᾣ ᾤ ᾥ ᾦ ᾧ ᾨ ᾩ ᾪ ᾫ ᾬ ᾭ ᾮ ᾯ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ᾰ ᾱ ᾲ ᾳ ᾴ   ᾶ ᾷ Ᾰ Ᾱ Ὰ Ά ᾼ ᾽ ι ᾿ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ῀ ῁ ῂ ῃ ῄ   ῆ ῇ Ὲ Έ Ὴ Ή ῌ ῍ ῎ ῏ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ῐ ῑ ῒ ΐ     ῖ ῗ Ῐ Ῑ Ὶ Ί   ῝ ῞ ῟ }\\
\MakeLowercase{ ῠ ῡ ῢ ΰ ῤ ῥ ῦ ῧ Ῠ Ῡ Ὺ Ύ Ῥ ῭ ΅ ` }\\
\MakeLowercase{     ῲ ῳ ῴ   ῶ ῷ Ὸ Ό Ὼ Ώ ῼ ´ ῾   }
\selectlanguage{english}

\subsection{Other Unicode Blocks}

MakeUppercase does not change non-letter symbols and the letter shwa:
\begin{quote}
  \greekscript
  \MakeUppercase{¨ « ¯ ´ · »}
  \MakeUppercase{ə}
  \MakeUppercase{˘a}
  \MakeUppercase{– — ‘ ’ ‰ a‌u}
  \MakeUppercase{€}
  % \MakeUppercase{Ω}
  \MakeUppercase{
  𐅄 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY
  𐅅 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED
  𐅆 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND
  𐅇 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND
  }
\end{quote}
MakeLowercase does not change non-letter symbols, either:
\begin{quote}
  \greekscript
  \MakeLowercase{¨ « ¯ ´ · »}
  \MakeLowercase{ə}
  \MakeLowercase{˘A}
  \MakeLowercase{– — ‘ ’ ‰ A‌‌U}
  \MakeLowercase{€}
  % \MakeLowercase{Ω}
  \MakeLowercase{
  𐅄 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY
  𐅅 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED
  𐅆 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND
  𐅇 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND
  }
\end{quote}

\section{Test kerning/ligatures}


check for kerning and unwanted ligatures:

\begin{quote}
  \greekscript

Αἀα Αἁα Αἂα Αἃα Αἄα Αἅα Αἆα Αἇα ΑἈα ΑἉα ΑἊα ΑἋα ΑἌα ΑἍα ΑἎα ΑἏα

Αἐα Αἑα Αἒα Αἓα Αἔα Αἕα ΑἘα ΑἙα ΑἚα ΑἛα ΑἜα ΑἝα

Αἠα Αἡα Αἢα Αἣα Αἤα Αἥα Αἦα Αἧα ΑἨα ΑἩα ΑἪα ΑἫα ΑἬα ΑἭα ΑἮα ΑἯα

Αἰα Αἱα Αἲα Αἳα Αἴα Αἵα Αἶα Αἷα ΑἸα ΑἹα ΑἺα ΑἻα ΑἼα ΑἽα ΑἾα ΑἿα

Αὀα Αὁα Αὂα Αὃα Αὄα Αὅα ΑὈα ΑὉα ΑὊα ΑὋα ΑὌα ΑὍα

Αὐα Αὑα Αὒα Αὓα Αὔα Αὕα Αὖα Αὗα ΑὙα ΑὛα ΑὝα ΑὟα

Αὠα Αὡα Αὢα Αὣα Αὤα Αὥα Αὦα Αὧα ΑὨα ΑὩα ΑὪα ΑὫα ΑὬα ΑὭα ΑὮα ΑὯα

Αὰα Αάα Αὲα Αέα Αὴα Αήα Αὶα Αία Αὸα Αόα Αὺα Αύα Αὼα Αώα

Αᾀα Αᾁα Αᾂα Αᾃα Αᾄα Αᾅα Αᾆα Αᾇα Αᾈα Αᾉα Αᾊα Αᾋα Αᾌα Αᾍα Αᾎα Αᾏα

Αᾐα Αᾑα Αᾒα Αᾓα Αᾔα Αᾕα Αᾖα Αᾗα Αᾘα Αᾙα Αᾚα Αᾛα Αᾜα Αᾝα Αᾞα Αᾟα

Αᾠα Αᾡα Αᾢα Αᾣα Αᾤα Αᾥα Αᾦα Αᾧα Αᾨα Αᾩα Αᾪα Αᾫα Αᾬα Αᾭα Αᾮα Αᾯα

Αᾰα Αᾱα Αᾲα Αᾳα Αᾴα Αᾶα Αᾷα ΑᾸα ΑᾹα ΑᾺα ΑΆα Αᾼα Α᾽α Αια Α᾿α

Α῀α Α῁α Αῂα Αῃα Αῄα Αῆα Αῇα ΑῈα ΑΈα ΑῊα ΑΉα Αῌα Α῍α Α῎α Α῏α

Αῐα Αῑα Αῒα Αΐα Αῖα Αῗα ΑῘα ΑῙα ΑῚα ΑΊα Α῝α Α῞α Α῟α

Αῠα Αῡα Αῢα Αΰα Αῤα Αῥα Αῦα Αῧα ΑῨα ΑῩα ΑῪα ΑΎα ΑῬα Α῭α Α΅α Α`α

Αῲα Αῳα Αῴα Αῶα Αῷα ΑῸα ΑΌα ΑῺα ΑΏα Αῼα Α´α Α῾α

\end{quote}

\end{document}


Problems with text-extraction from PDF with Kerkis:

     0  1 2 3 4  5   6 7  8  9  A  B  C D E    F
370  *  * * *  ΄  ͵  * *         ι *  * *   ;
380            ΄ ΅  ΄Α   ΄Ε ΄Η  ΄Ι   ΄Ο   ΄Υ  ΄Ω
390   ΐ Α Β Γ ∆  Ε   Ζ Η Θ    Ι Κ  Λ Μ  Ν Ξ    Ο
3Α0  Π  Ρ   Σ Τ  Υ  Φ  Χ Ψ   Ω   Ϊ Ϋ  ά έ  ή    ί
3Β0  ΰ  α ϐ γ δ  ε   Ϲ η  ϑ   ι κ  λ  µ ν  ξ   ο
3῝0  π  ϱ ς σ τ  υ   ϕ χ  ψ  ω   ϊ ϋ  ό ύ  ώ
3∆0  *  * * * *  *   * *     Ϟ  Ϝ  ϝ  Ϝ ϝ  *   ϟ
3Ε0     ϡ * * *  *   * *  *  *  *  *  * *  *   *
3Φ0  *  * * * *  *   * *  *  *  *  *  * *  *   *


0387    GREEK ANO TELEIA    missing
03B6    zeta                      replaced by 03F9      GREEK CAPITAL LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL
03B8    GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA  replaced by 03D1      GREEK THETA SYMBOL
03C1    GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO    replaced by 03F1      GREEK RHO SYMBOL
03C6    GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI    replaced by 03D5      GREEK PHI SYMBOL


and GFS Didot:

       0   1   2  3  4  5   6 7  8  9  A  B  C D  E   F
370 *      *   *  *   ´  ͵ *  *         ι *  * *   ;
380                   ´  ῆ Α
                         ´ ´    ´Ε ´Η  ´Ι   ´Ο   ´Υ  ´Ω
390 ῆ  ´ι Α   Β   Γ  ∆  Ε Ζ   Η  Θ  Ι  Κ  Λ Μ  Ν  Ξ   Ο
3Α0 Π      Ρ       Σ  Τ  Υ Φ   Χ Ψ   Ω   ῆ
                                        Ι ῆ
                                          Υ  ά έ  ή    ί
3Β0 ῆ ´υ  α    β  γ  δ  ε ζ   η  ϑ   ι κ  λ  μ ν  ξ   ο
 3῝0 π    ρ    ς  σ  τ  υ φ   χ  ψ  ω   ι
                                        ῆ υ
                                          ῆ  ό ύ ώ
3∆0 *      *   *  *  *  * *   *           Ϛ  Ϝ Ϝ  *   Ϟ
3Ε0            *  *  *  * *   *  *  *   * *  * *  *   *
3Φ0 *      *   *  *  *  * *   *  *  *   * *  * *  *   *