path: root/language/chinese/CJK/cjk-4.8.5/doc/fonts.txt

This is the file fonts.txt of the CJK macro package ver. 4.8.5
(16-Oct-2021).

The fonts
---------

This file describes how to set up CJK fonts inside of LaTeX 2e. For a
description how to install TrueType or bitmap fonts please refer to the
INSTALL file.


CJK.sty uses NFSS (New Font Selection Scheme, part of LaTeX 2e) which has
some advantages over the font selection offered with pmC (for plain TeX and
LaTeX 2.09):

    o   TeX fonts are loaded only on demand. This is especially useful with
        Asian logographs. If you have e.g., three Chinese characters in your
        text, pmC must load the whole Chinese font (about 85 TeX subfonts),
        whereas LaTeX 2e loads only three subfonts normally.

    o   As long as the limit of 256 TeX fonts is not exceeded, you can use
        as many CJK fonts as you like (e.g., simplified and traditional
        Chinese characters together with Japanese fonts in different sizes)
        ---pmC is limited to two sizes and can only have two CJK fonts at
        the same time.

        In the web2c TeX package (for Unix) you find a patch which allows
        the use of more than 256 TeX fonts (up to about 1000; this is a
        standard feature of web2c 7.2 and newer versions).

        Omega can use up to approx. 65000 fonts.

    o   You need not care about the right size of CJK fonts in footnotes,
        etc. They obey the NFSS (except encoding).

        Of course you must have access to CJK fonts.

        . Use pdftex and dvipdfmx which can handle TrueType fonts directly.
          It is very easy to set up dvipdfmx for handling CJK subfonts; with
          pdftex this is more complicated. See the file doc/pdf/HOWTO.txt
          for more information.

        . Use fontforge to convert TrueType fonts to PS subfonts. Such
          subfonts work with virtually all dvi drivers. The directory
          utils/subfonts contain some scripts which help in the conversion
          process.

        . Use hbf2gf for HBF pixel fonts to convert them to TFM and PK
          fonts.

        . Use ttf2pk (and ttf2tfm) to convert TrueType fonts to TFM and PK
          fonts.

If you chose one font per active character as with the pmC macros, you would
waste character space (256 characters per font are possible starting with
TeX 3). Therefore CJK.sty expects the whole CJK font split in TeX subfonts
with 256 characters each.

An example:

    GuoBiao-encoded simplified characters in song style at 12pt:
    ^               ^                        ^^            ^^

              first byte  second byte     TeX subfont  offset
              -----------------------------------------------
                 0xA1      0xA1-0xFE       gsso1201      0
                 0xA2      0xA1-0xFE       gsso1201     94
                 0xA3      0xA1-0xE4       gsso1201    188
                 0xA3      0xE5-0xFE       gsso1202      0
                 0xA4      0xA1-0xFE       gsso1202     26
                 0xA5      0xA1-0xFE       gsso1202    120
                                     .
                                     .
                                     .
                 0xFE      0xA1-0xFE       gsso1235     38


To convert bitmap fonts to PK files with hbf2gf, you must get the
appropriate HBF (Hanzi Bitmap Font) header files or create if you can't find
the right one; these HBF files document CJK fonts completely.

The HBF specification can be found here:

  http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/ccic/software/info/HBF-1.1/

Various bitmap fonts together with HBF header files are collected here:

  http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/packages/ccic/software/fonts/


The font definition files
-------------------------

CJK fonts can be installed as easy as normal TeX fonts! (Well, probably this
is the first time you have to install a font for TeX---I strongly recommend
that you process and read the `fntguide' documentation which is part of the
LaTeX 2e base package. There you can also find a description of size
commands.)

CJK.sty defines six new size commands:

    `CJK'         corresponds to `' (empty)
    `sCJK'        corresponds to `s'
    `CJKfixed'    corresponds to `fixed'
    `sCJKfixed'   corresponds to `sfixed'
    `CJKsub'      corresponds to `sub'
    `CJKssub'     corresponds to `ssub'       .

For dnp fonts (i.e., real dnp fonts and Watanabe dnp fonts) and Watanabe
jfonts (which both use the same font encoding scheme) two additional
commands are provided:

    `DNP'         corresponds to `' (empty)
    `DNPgen'      corresponds tp `gen'        .

Note that PS Wadalab fonts don't use these size functions (but are still in
DNP font order).

For poor-man's boldface these size commands have been defined:

    `CJKb', `sCJKb', `CJKfixedb', `sCJKfixedb', `DNPb', `DNPgenb'      .

They are completely identical to its counterparts without the final `b'. The
only reason to use them is to make the fifth parameter of \DeclareFontShape
for bold series different from the one for medium series (LaTeX2e uses this
parameter as a macro name to execute loading-settings, thus they must not be
equal).

The difference between the size functions just introduced and the original
commands defined by LaTeX 2e is that a CJK size function defines a class of
fonts: if you say as an example

    \DeclareFontShape{C00}{song}{m}{n}{<6> <7> <8> sCJKfixed * b5so07}{}   ,

LaTeX 2e searches for fonts named b5so0701 - b5so0755 if the font size is 6,
7, or 8 pt; in other words, the CJK size functions append two digits to the
font name to select the proper subfonts. These digits are defined in the
`\CJK@...Encoding' macros; the macro \CJK@plane holds the current value (in
pmC compatibility mode and for UTF8 encoding, \CJK@plane holds hexadecimal
numbers; see JISdnp.enc for the dnp subfont names which are again
different).

Here a more detailed example:

    \DeclareFontFamily{C10}{fs}{}

    \DeclareFontShape{C10}{fs}{m}{n}{<-> CJK * gsfs14}{}
    \DeclareFontShape{C10}{fs}{bx}{n}{<-> CJKb * gsfs14}{\CJKbold}

This defines a GB encoded font (LaTeX font encoding `C10') which has
fangsong shape (fs) in medium series (m) and emulated bold extended (bx)
series. The names of the subfonts are gsfs1401 - gsfs1432; all sizes are
available. (This is actually a font definition for a bitmap font which
corresponds to a size of 14pt if the printer resolution were 300 dpi; hbf2gf
magnifies it to any desired size.)

The corresponding CJK environment would be

    \begin{CJK*}{GB}{fs}
    ...
    \end{CJK*}          .

To be consistent with the CJK package it is recommended that for each font
shape `m' and `bx' series are defined (some PS font styles from PSNFSS
define `b' instead of `bx'; in this case you should add a font substitution
entry in the FD file). The default CJK FD files define a `song' shape for
each encoding except for KS so that

    \begin{CJK*}{your-encoding}{}
    ...
    \end{CJK*}

works (note the empty last parameter). See below for an additional reason.

Here a table of the CJK (font) encodings and the corresponding NFSS font
encodings.

        Chinese:      Bg5     C00
                      Bg5pmC  C01
                      Bg5+    C09

                      GB      C10
                      GBpmC   C11
                      GBK     C19

                      GBt     C20
                      GBtpmC  C21

                      CNS1-7  C31-37

        Japanese:     JIS     C40
                      JISpmC  C41
                      JISdnp  C42
                      JISwn   C43

                      JIS2    C50
                      JIS2dnp C52

        SJIS                  ->  kana        C49 (additionally)

        Korean:       KS      ->  hanja       C60
                              ->  hangul      C61
                      KSpmC   C62
                      KSHL    ->  hangulHL    C63
                              ->  symbolHL    C64
                              ->  hanjaHL     C65

        Unicode:      UTF8    C70

        CEF:          CEFX    C80
                      CEFY    C81

       [Thai:                 C90]


Some remarks:

    o   An NFSS font encoding for the CJK package consists of the letter `C'
        followed by two digits; the first represents the CJK (input)
        encoding, the second the CJK font encoding. Some CJK encodings need
        more than one NFSS encoding to fully represent all characters.

        Note: Since LaTeX version 1996/12/01, the name of an FD file
        consists only of lowercase letters, e.g., c00fs.fd.

    o   You can't use the NFSS encodings (as defined above) directly! You
        should always use the CJK interface (the exception is Thai; please
        read cjk-enc.txt and thaifont.txt for details).

    o   According to the NFSS rules the family name must not be longer than
        five characters. In early versions of CJK the family `fangsong' was
        used. This is no longer allowed and has been replaced with `fs'.

        This restriction is mainly for ancient operating systems like MS-DOS
        which are limited to 8.3 filenames; today, there is no reason any
        more to artificially shorten the family name.

    o   If you declare an NFSS font encoding in the standard way the
        corresponding FD file for the default font is loaded. Since a font
        encoding can be defined only in the preamble, all CJK font encodings
        must be registered before the document starts even if you use only
        one or two encodings. For the CJK package this would cause the
        loading of almost 30 font definition files (see the table above)
        which is inacceptable.

        To avoid this overhead NFSS is faked with some rudimentary
        definitions just enough to pass the NFSS tests of LaTeX 2e. Of
        course this has a disadvantage: an unknown CJK family causes an
        error instead of switching to the fallback family usually defined
        with \DeclareFontSubstitution. Nevertheless, replacing an undefined
        series or shape works correctly.


Setting up cyberbit.ttf for UTF-8 encoding
------------------------------------------

Note 1: I strongly discourage the use of this font, especially for CJKV
        scripts. The main reason is that correct glyph shapes depend on the
        language; this means that a glyph representation form for a given
        Unicode value looks differently in Japanese, Korean, and Chinese (a
        famous example is character U+9038). Cyberbit doesn't provide such
        different glyph shapes.

Note 2: The following describes a setup for dvipdfmx only. Furthermore, it
        assumes a recent TeXLive installation.


1. Copy cyberbit.ttf to your local TeXLive tree; a proper location is

     <TeXLive>/texmf-local/fonts/truetype/cyberbit/

   (on e.g. Windows) or

     ~/texmf/fonts/truetype/cyberbit/

   (on e.g. GNU/Linux) or something similar. <TeXLive> indicates the root
   directory of TeXLive's texmf tree, for example C:\TeXLive2007 or
   /usr/local/texlive2007.

2. In the file <TeXLive>/texmf/fonts/map/dvipdfm/dvipdfmx/cid-x.map there is
   already an entry for cyberbit.ttf. Remove the comment character in front
   of the line.

3. Change to an empty directory and create TFM files with the following call
   on the command line:

     ttf2tfm cyberbit.ttf -q cyberb@Unicode@

4. Move  all resulting TFM files to

     <TeXLive>/texmf-local/fonts/bitstrea/cyberb/

   or

     ~/texmf/fonts/bitstrea/cyberb

   or something similar.

5. Say

     mktexlsr

   on the command line to regenerate TeXLive's file name database.


That's it. Within the CJK package, the font can be activated with

  \begin{CJK}{UTF8}{song}


---End of fonts.txt---